CN103605248A - Multiplier enhancing method based on periodically poled lithium niobate - Google Patents
Multiplier enhancing method based on periodically poled lithium niobate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multiplier enhancing method based on periodically poled lithium niobate, and belongs to the technical field of optical information processing. The method includes firstly, performing room temperature electric field polarization on lithium niobate crystals, changing the polarization direction of the electric domain in a negative domain region of the +Z face of the crystals, and performing vacuum coating sputter electrode on two Y-directional sides of the crystals; then irradiated the crystals with a normal light and applying voltage of the two Y-directional sides of the lithium niobate crystals through a high voltage source simultaneously, and realizing ordinary light multiplier enhancement through produced slow light effects. According to the method, the quasi-phase matching technique (QPM) is creatively combined with effective light power enhancement resulted from the slow light effects.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of method of optical information processing technical field, is specifically related to a kind of Enhancement Method of the frequency multiplication based on periodic polarized lithium niobate.
Background technology
Since laser technology is born, nonlinear frequency conversion technology and Technology of Slow Light are the focuses of research always.Quasi-phase matching based on period polarized nonlinear crystal (QPM) is to widen one of effective, the most the most frequently used way of laser tunable wavelength.Conventional period polarized nonlinear crystal has: LiNbO
3(PPLN), LiTaO
3and KTP etc.Quasi-phase matching is artificial manufacturing cycle polarization reversal grating in nonlinear crystal, the nonlinear factor of crystal is carried out to periodic modulation, thereby meet the condition of phase matching.In frequency convener technology, frequency multiplication (SHG) technology is most widely used.LiNbO
3crystal is uniaxial negative crystal, has two kinds of frequency multiplication modes, 0 type frequency multiplication and I type frequency multiplication.0 type frequency multiplication refers to that participating in the fundamental frequency light of frequency multiplication process and frequency doubled light is all with extraordinary ray (E light, Extraordinary Light) incident or propagation in crystal; I type frequency multiplication refers to that the fundamental frequency light that participates in frequency multiplication process is with ordinary light (O light, Ordinary Light), and frequency doubled light is with extraordinary ray incident or propagation.The nonlinear factor that 0 type frequency multiplication is used is d
31, the high still narrow bandwidth of shg efficiency; The nonlinear factor that I type frequency multiplication is used is d
33, octave band is wide, but efficiency is low.What two kinds of frequencys multiplication produced is all extraordinary ray.Slow light effect, can be for realizing time delay, increase phase shift and strengthening nonlinear effect etc. as very important characteristic of photonic crystal.
Through the retrieval of prior art is found, the people such as F.LU in 2007 are at < < Electronics Letters > > (43, 2007) upper " Broadcast wavelength conversion based on cascaded (2) nonlinearity in MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO3 " (the second order nonlinear coefficient multi-wavelength converter > > of < < based on periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal) literary composition, wherein adopted nonlinear frequency multiplication process.Although adopted the level technology (QPM) that matches, simultaneously, because frequency multiplication nonlinear factor is little, needed very high pumping light power just can obtain considerable conversion efficiency.
The people such as Kun Liu in 2010 are at < < Applied Physics Letters > > (97, 2010) on, delivered " Active control of group velocity by use of folded dielectric axes structures " (< < utilizes the group velocity regulation and control > > of stack of dielectric axle construction) literary composition, this article has been introduced and has been utilized in periodically poled lithium niobate crystal PPLN, by additional horizontal Y-direction electric field, make the optical axis formation one-period on the He Fu farmland, positive farmland of crystal wave, thereby make to change through the polarization direction of the emergent light after each farmland.After suitable N the farmland of experience, the polarization direction of emergent light is vertical during with incident, thus formation forbidden band.In article, also show, utilize this forbidden band, can form slower group velocity.
Contrast above-mentioned accurate phase matching frequency convener technology and group velocity control method list of references, this patent proposes to make a kind of periodic structure, impressed voltage structuring one-dimensional electric light photonic crystal, realize the slow light effect that above-mentioned two kinds of frequency multiplication modes that match based on level and group velocity regulation and control form simultaneously, to reach the method design that strengthens second order nonlinear effect, solve the problem of the low and E optical sccond-harmonic generation narrow bandwidth of O optical sccond-harmonic generation efficiency.
Through the retrieval of prior art is found, Chinese patent literature CN102338966A, open day 2012-02-01, the level that the discloses a kind of polarization irrelevant frequency multiplier that matches, this technology is included in depolarizer and period 1 property poled lithium niobate crystal wafer and the property second round poled lithium niobate crystal wafer of putting successively in light path; Wherein, described period 1 property poled lithium niobate crystal wafer is identical with described property second round poled lithium niobate crystal wafer optical property, the lithium columbate crystal that is respectively Z-direction cutting is made through room temperature electric field polarization, described room temperature electric field polarization be lithium niobate crystal wafers+bear farmland area change electricdomain polarised direction on Z face; The direction of described light path is the x direction in x-y-z coordinate system; In the z-direction, the c-axis of described property second round poled lithium niobate crystal wafer in the y-direction for the c-axis of described period 1 property poled lithium niobate crystal wafer.But the defect of this technology is its complex structure, must could realize by two PPLN wafers.And can only reach 0 type frequency multiplication, because 0 type frequency multiplication bandwidth is narrower and pumping wavelength is fixed, so frequency multiplication light wavelength is non-adjustable, be difficult to meet existing industrial requirement.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art above shortcomings, a kind of Enhancement Method of the frequency multiplication based on periodic polarized lithium niobate is proposed, based on two kinds of frequency-doubled effects, after making alive, O light can transfer E light to, the shg efficiency of E light is much larger than O light, O light, E light intercouple and can produce slower rays simultaneously, can further strengthen frequency multiplication.So can make the shg efficiency of O light be strengthened greatly.And then by changing cycle and the temperature of periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal, can change the wavelength location that simultaneously realizes O, E light and forbidden band, the position that can regulate frequency multiplication to strengthen in broadband SHG.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and first the present invention carries out room temperature electric field polarization to lithium columbate crystal, crystal+Z face on negative farmland area change electricdomain polarised direction, in the Y-direction both sides of crystal, carry out vacuum coating sputtering electrode; Then crystal is carried out to ordinary light-struck Y-direction both sides making alive to lithium columbate crystal with high-voltage power supply simultaneously, by the slow light effect producing, realize the enhancing of ordinary light frequency multiplication.
The cycle that described electric field polarization adopts obtains in the following manner:
1) determine and meet the needed polarization cycle Λ of accurate phase matching bar simultaneously, meet:
Wherein: λ is first-harmonic light wavelength,
for the refractive index of first-harmonic E light,
for the refractive index of first-harmonic O light,
for the refractive index of frequency multiplication E light, Λ
0for the cycle of I type frequency multiplication, Λ
1be the cycle of 0 type frequency multiplication, Λ
2for the cycle in forbidden band.
2) because O light broadband SHG not only requires accurate phase matching, also require Group-velocity Matching, the required cycle is at the place, point of contact of Λ-λ relation curve; Therefore with matlab software simulation Λ
0, Λ
1and Λ
2with the graph of a relation of λ, can be in the hope of the intersection point in three cycles, the cycle that intersection point is corresponding can be realized O, E light frequency multiplication and forbidden band simultaneously; By changing temperature, can obtain different intersection points; And can allow intersection point drop on Λ at a certain specific temperature
1the point of contact place of-λ curve, this puts corresponding temperature and cycle, the broadband that can simultaneously realize O light doubly, E optical sccond-harmonic generation and forbidden band, be the cycle of wanting required for the present invention and temperature.
Described room temperature electric field polarization refers to: adopt room temperature Polarization technique, sex reversal performance period in cycle according to obtaining, obtains periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal (PPLN).
Described vacuum coating sputtering electrode refers to: adopt vacuum coating equipment to adopt the method for sputter to plate electrode in the Y-direction both sides of periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal.
Described ordinary light irradiates and refers to: by the temperature that accurately controls environment, adopt outgoing fundamental frequency light in continuously adjustable laser instrument, through polarization splitting prism (PBS), produce ordinary light and incide plane of crystal, the alive while of Y-direction both sides at high-voltage power supply to lithium columbate crystal, the frequency doubled light intensity of outgoing is measured by light power meter.
The fundamental light wave length of described laser instrument is 1518-1627nm, and optical direction is x direction.
The enhancing of described ordinary light frequency multiplication refers to: adopt output voltage to be no more than the high-voltage power supply of 10KV at the Y-direction making alive of lithium columbate crystal, by the slow light effect producing, strengthen O optical sccond-harmonic generation, O light also can partly change E light into simultaneously, the shg efficiency of E light is much larger than O light, so can further improve the shg efficiency of O light, be specially: when ignoring the transition loss of fundamental light wave to frequency multiplication light wave, the maximum multiple that can derive frequency multiplication enhancing is:
wherein: S is the multiple that slower rays strengthens, d
33be that 0 type frequency multiplication is the nonlinear factor of use, d
31nonlinear factor for the use of I type frequency multiplication.
Technique effect
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the present invention comprises:
1, do not changing under the prerequisite of wavelength conversion output spectra and bandwidth, can near certain wavelength in broadband, realize than the higher conversion efficiency of former frequency multiplication scheme.
2, with the temperature of crossing temperature controlling stove, control, and the size of the voltage applying, can be well by realizing frequency multiplication process under slow group velocity and O light broadband SHG and the E light efficient frequency doubling of lithium columbate crystal itself, combine.
3, change cycle and the temperature of periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal, can change the wavelength location that simultaneously realizes O, E light and forbidden band, the position that can regulate frequency multiplication to strengthen in broadband SHG, can be so that the broadband SHG of O light and E light efficient frequency doubling obtain good combination.
4, can under low light condition, realize frequency multiplication strengthens.
5, slower rays can be strengthened to frequency multiplication is generalized to and strengthens and the non-linear process such as frequency, difference frequency, parametric oscillation.
6, implementation structure is simple, only needs the wafer of a PPLN just can realize frequency multiplication enhancing, can change the size that frequency multiplication strengthens by the size of regulation voltage.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention realizes the antetype device of the one dimension electric light photonic crystal that strengthens second nonlinear;
Fig. 2 be shown in the fundamental diagram of device;
In figure: the tunable laser output that fundamental frequency light can regulate from wavelength coverage within the scope of 1518-1627nm, through collimating apparatus (Collimator), incide on polarization splitting prism, form the surface that ordinary light incides PPLN, the Y-direction making alive of PPLN, the temperature accurately controling environment, can in the broadband SHG of O light, realize E optical sccond-harmonic generation and forbidden band, reach the effect that strengthens O optical sccond-harmonic generation.The output power of frequency doubled light is measured with light power meter.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated, the present embodiment is implemented take technical solution of the present invention under prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, embodiments of the invention are elaborated.
1) choosing a slice size is 30 * 10 * 0.5mm, and the 5%mol that thickness is 0.5mm mixes magnesium Z cutting lithium columbate crystal.The equal polishing of +/-Z of crystal, wherein+Z face is parallel with surface level and towards Z axis positive dirction, and-Z face is parallel with surface level and towards Z axis negative direction.
2) with Matlab software simulation, meet the needed periods lambda of accurate phase-matching condition:
Wherein: the scope of λ is 1518-1627nm, refractive index can be obtained by Sellmeier equation.
When the temperature that obtains wafer is 15.15 ℃, E light can be in O light broadband SHG center frequency multiplication, the cycle that can realize in this position O, E optocoupler merging generation slower rays is 19.5 μ m simultaneously, wherein: the scope of O light broadband SHG is: 1.537-1.558 μ m, E optical sccond-harmonic generation and forbidden band centre wavelength are 1.549 μ m.
3) according to the cycle obtaining, crystal is carried out to room temperature polarization, specific as follows:
First according to the cycle fabrication cycle electrode mask plate calculating; Pyroelectric effect by crystal is carried out orientation, determine wafer+Z face; Wafer is cleaned, guarantee surperficial no-sundries; With the method for ion beam sputtering wafer+Z-direction plated electrode; On the metal film of plane of crystal, etch and geometric figure that mask plate is completely corresponding, the object connecting up to realize selectivity diffusion and metallic film, photoetching has following seven main process: gluing, front baking, exposure, development, corrode and remove photoresist; Design polarized circuit, the electrode configuration of electric field polarization adopts the mode of liquid electrode contact conventionally; Finally with high voltage pulse electric field, polarize, in the region, farmland that has electrode, the coercive field that utilizes high-voltage electric field to overcome crystals makes the spontaneous polarization direction reversion of the electricdomain in this region, farmland; In region, electrodeless farmland, the polarised direction of electricdomain still keeps original direction, and wherein ,+Z face is parallel with surface level and towards z axle positive dirction.External electric field used is high voltage pulse electric field, because the coercive field of lithium columbate crystal is 21kv/mm, so be applied to peak impulse voltage on the lithium niobate crystal chip that thickness is 0.5mm, be greater than 10.5kv/mm, the real surface of the length of recurrence interval and number of times and electrode is long-pending relevant, can calculate by formula below:
Wherein: I
polfor polarization current, Q is the electric charge that transports of plane of crystal, t
polit is the polarization time.
4) give the wafer plating Y-direction electrode having polarized, specific as follows:
First, at the photoresist of the +/-Z of the crystal having polarized face and +/-X face painting thick layer 1 μ m, sample is put on the pad of vacuum sputtering machine (target of use is silver) chamber central authorities; Vacuumize, first use mechanical pump, sample chamber pressure is reduced to 5Pa; Spatter in advance substrate (lithium niobate) at power 200W, 4 minutes time; Close shielding power supply, after cooling 5 minutes, open vacuum chamber and take out PPLN, get final product at the PPLN of Y-direction plated electrode crystal.
5) as shown in Figure 2 room temperature to control be 15.15 ℃, put polarization splitting prism before PPLN to make the incident of O light, the tunable laser of 1520-1620nm is inputted as fundamental wave, the Y-direction of PPLN adds electrode, at PPLN, measures the power of frequency doubled light below with light power meter.
6) apply the voltage that is no more than 400V/mm, large when near fundamental wave wavelength 1549nm, the power of frequency doubled light all can be than making alive not, when voltage is 80V/mm, the power of frequency doubled light is maximum.Show that herein, frequency doubled light has obtained enhancing.
In other embodiments, also can select other cycle or other aperiodicity polarization nonlinear crystal, can also realize this object; Facilities and equipments that simultaneously can be as shown in Figure 2 less take volume and realize the temperature that changes the cycle of PPLN and testing while, regulate frequency multiplication to strengthen the position in O light broadband SHG.
Claims (7)
1. the Enhancement Method of the frequency multiplication based on periodic polarized lithium niobate, it is characterized in that, first lithium columbate crystal is carried out to room temperature electric field polarization, crystal+Z face on negative farmland area change electricdomain polarised direction, in the Y-direction both sides of crystal, carry out vacuum coating sputtering electrode; Then crystal is carried out to ordinary light-struck Y-direction both sides making alive to lithium columbate crystal with high-voltage power supply simultaneously, by the slow light effect producing, realize the enhancing of frequency multiplication.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the cycle that described electric field polarization adopts obtains in the following manner:
1) determine and meet the needed polarization cycle Λ of accurate phase matching bar simultaneously, meet:
Wherein: λ is first-harmonic light wavelength,
for the refractive index of first-harmonic E light,
for the refractive index of first-harmonic O light,
for the refractive index of frequency multiplication E light, Λ
0for the cycle of I type frequency multiplication, Λ
1be the cycle of 0 type frequency multiplication, Λ
2for the cycle in forbidden band;
2) because O light broadband SHG not only requires accurate phase matching, also require Group-velocity Matching, the required cycle is at the place, point of contact of Λ-λ relation curve; Therefore with matlab software simulation Λ
0, Λ
1and Λ
2with the graph of a relation of λ, try to achieve the intersection point in three cycles, the cycle that intersection point is corresponding can be realized O, E light frequency multiplication and forbidden band simultaneously; By changing temperature, can obtain different intersection points; And can allow intersection point drop on Λ at a certain specific temperature
1the point of contact place of-λ curve, this puts corresponding temperature and cycle, the broadband that can simultaneously realize O light doubly, E optical sccond-harmonic generation and forbidden band, be needed cycle and temperature.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described room temperature electric field polarization refers to: adopt room temperature Polarization technique, sex reversal performance period in cycle according to obtaining, obtains periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described vacuum coating sputtering electrode refers to: adopt vacuum coating equipment to adopt the method for sputter to plate electrode in the Y-direction both sides of periodic polarized lithium columbate crystal.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described ordinary light irradiates and refers to: by the temperature that accurately controls environment, adopt outgoing fundamental frequency light in continuously adjustable laser instrument, through polarization splitting prism, produce ordinary light and incide plane of crystal, the alive while of Y-direction both sides at high-voltage power supply to lithium columbate crystal, the frequency doubled light intensity of outgoing is measured by light power meter.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the fundamental light wave length of described laser instrument is 1518-1627nm, and optical direction is x direction.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the enhancing of described frequency multiplication refers to: adopt output voltage to be no more than the high-voltage power supply of 10KV at the Y-direction making alive of lithium columbate crystal, by the slow light effect producing, strengthen O optical sccond-harmonic generation, O light also can partly change E light into simultaneously, the shg efficiency of E light is much larger than O light, and when ignoring the transition loss of fundamental light wave to frequency multiplication light wave, the maximum multiple that can derive frequency multiplication enhancing is:
wherein: S is the multiple that slower rays strengthens, d
33be that 0 type frequency multiplication is the nonlinear factor of use, d
31nonlinear factor for the use of I type frequency multiplication.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104460175A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-03-25 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Design method of all-optical wavelength converter for segmental QPM (quasi-phase-matched) crystals |
| CN109239948A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 深圳大学 | Non-paraxial autoacceleration frequency multiplication light beam regulation device and method |
| CN110879439A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-13 | 电子科技大学 | Periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film optical waveguide difference frequency amplifier |
| CN111082299A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-28 | 北京理工大学 | All-solid-state tunable intermediate infrared frequency comb generation device |
| CN113311636A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-27 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for generating second harmonic in lithium niobate waveguide structure |
| CN114552363A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-27 | 西南技术物理研究所 | Lithium niobate blocking voltage setting method of solid laser |
| CN114706254A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-07-05 | 成都理工大学 | Broadband frequency multiplication method and system for dense light wave multiplexing system |
| CN115116829A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-09-27 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing lithium niobate single crystal film domain wall enhanced force electric coupling response device |
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| CN104460175A (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2015-03-25 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Design method of all-optical wavelength converter for segmental QPM (quasi-phase-matched) crystals |
| CN104460175B (en) * | 2014-12-13 | 2017-06-23 | 华北电力大学（保定） | A kind of method for designing for being segmented quasi-phase-matching crystals AOWC |
| CN109239948A (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-18 | 深圳大学 | Non-paraxial autoacceleration frequency multiplication light beam regulation device and method |
| CN109239948B (en) * | 2018-10-30 | 2023-12-01 | 深圳大学 | Non-paraxial self-acceleration frequency multiplication light beam regulating and controlling device and method |
| CN110879439A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-13 | 电子科技大学 | Periodically polarized lithium niobate thin film optical waveguide difference frequency amplifier |
| CN111082299A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-04-28 | 北京理工大学 | All-solid-state tunable intermediate infrared frequency comb generation device |
| CN111082299B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-04 | 北京理工大学 | All-solid-state tunable intermediate infrared frequency comb generation device |
| CN113311636A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-27 | 南京邮电大学 | Method for generating second harmonic in lithium niobate waveguide structure |
| CN114552363A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-05-27 | 西南技术物理研究所 | Lithium niobate blocking voltage setting method of solid laser |
| CN114552363B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-08-15 | 西南技术物理研究所 | Lithium niobate blocking voltage setting method of solid laser |
| CN114706254A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-07-05 | 成都理工大学 | Broadband frequency multiplication method and system for dense light wave multiplexing system |
| CN115116829A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-09-27 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing lithium niobate single crystal film domain wall enhanced force electric coupling response device |
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