CN103402443A - 外科器械以及用于外科器械的电池 - Google Patents
外科器械以及用于外科器械的电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了多个实施例,其涉及与外科器械一起使用的电池组。所述电池组可包括多个电芯并且所述多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此不电连接。所述电池组可包括用于互连所述多个电芯的开关或其它机构,并且还可包括放电开关或插头或者可与放电开关或插头结合使用,所述放电开关或插头能够例如通过电阻元件将所述电池组的阳极电连接到所述电池组的阴极。
Description
背景技术
越来越多的外科器械由一个或多个电池电芯供电。此类器械包括多种电动工具并且可用于多种外科手术环境中。例如,电池供电的外科器械可包括马达驱动式工具(切割器、抓紧器、装订器等)和/或非马达驱动式工具(例如,RF切割器/凝固器、超声切割器/凝固器、激光切割器/凝固器等)。电池供电的器械目前也用于多种不同的外科手术环境中,所述外科手术环境包括例如内窥镜式环境、腹腔镜式环境、开放式环境等。
电池供电的外科器械通常使用一次电芯,所述一次电芯为预充电的并且通常旨在用于单次放电(例如,一次性使用)。这避免了与对二次可再充电电芯再灭菌和再充电相关联的困难。然而,一次电芯存在与装运、储存和处理有关的附加挑战。
发明内容
多个实施例可涉及如下外科器械,所述外科器械包括端部执行器和操作地联接到端部执行器的柄部。柄部可包括致动端部执行器的触发器并且还可限定具有第一非对称横截面形状的第一腔体和具有第二非对称横截面形状的第二腔体。第一电池组可被定位在第一腔体内并且可与柄部和端部执行器中的至少之一电接触。第一电池组可包括:具有对应于第一非对称横截面形状的横截面形状的第一壳体、以及彼此电连接并且定位在第一壳体内的第一组多个电芯。第二电池组可被定位在第二腔体内并且可与柄部和端部执行器中的至少之一电接触。第二电池组可包括:具有对应于第二非对称横截面形状的横截面形状的第二壳体、以及彼此电连接并且定位在第二壳体内的第二组多个电芯。
另外,多个实施例可涉及包括电池组的外科系统。电池组可包括壳体和定位在壳体内的多个电芯。多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此可不电连接。电池组还可包括具有打开位置和闭合位置的第一开关。在闭合位置,第一开关可电互连多个电芯。第一开关可被机械地偏置到打开位置。电池组还可包括具有打开位置和闭合位置的放电开关。放电开关可被定位成当处于闭合位置时将电池组的阳极电连接到电池组的阴极。放电开关可被机械地偏置到闭合位置,并且可通过壳体的一部分保持在打开位置。
根据多个实施例,电池组可包括多个电芯,其中所述多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此不电连接。电池组还可包括限定内部腔体的壳体,所述内部腔体具有至少一个内部腔体壁。所述至少一个内部腔体壁可包括电连接到电池组的阳极的第一电极以及电连接到电池组的阴极的第二电极。电池组还可包括定位在内部腔体内的电池漏极。电池漏极可包括第一触点和第二触点,所述第一触点和第二触点彼此电连接并且与至少一个内部腔体壁接触。电池漏极可被定位在第二位置和内部腔体内的第一位置,在所述第一位置处第一触点和第二触点不与第一电极和第二电极电接触,在所述第二位置处第一触点与第一电极电接触并且第二触点与第二电极电接触。
另外,多个实施例可涉及如下外科器械,所述外科器械包括端部执行器、操作地联接到端部执行器的柄部、和电池组。柄部可包括致动端部执行器的触发器并且可限定腔体。电池组可被定位在腔体内并且可与柄部和端部执行器中的至少之一电接触。此外,电池组可包括壳体、多个电芯和可运动凸块。可运动凸块可具有第一位置和第二位置,在所述第一位置处可运动凸块电隔离所述多个电芯中的至少一部分,在所述第二位置处可运动凸块不电隔离所述多个电芯。
附图说明
多个实施例的结构在所附权利要求书中进行了详细描述。然而,结合以下描述和如下附图可最好地理解多个实施例(有关手术的组织和方法两者)及其优点:
图1和图2为外科切割和紧固器械的一个实施例的透视图;
图3为图1和图2的外科切割和紧固器械的端部执行器的一个实施例的分解图。
图4和图5为图1和图2的外科切割和紧固器械的端部执行器和轴的一个实施例的分解图。
图6为图1和图2的外科切割和紧固器械的端部执行器的一个实施例的侧视图。
图7为马达驱动式内切割器的一个实施例的分解图。
图8和图9为图7的内切割器的柄部的一个实施例的局部透视图。
图10为图7的内切割器的柄部的一个实施例的侧视图。
图11为外科切割和紧固器械的电路的一个实施例的示意图。
图12为助力电动内切割器的一个实施例的柄部的侧视图。
图13为助力电动内切割器的另一个实施例的柄部的侧视图。
图14和图15示出了闭合触发器锁定机构的一个实施例。
图16示出了闭合触发器锁定机构的另一个实施例。
图17-22示出了闭合触发器锁定机构的另一个实施例。
图23A-B示出了可用于外科器械的关节点处的万向接头(“U型接头”)的一个实施例。
图24A-B示出了可用于外科器械的关节点处的扭转线缆的一个实施例。
图25-31示出了带助力的电动双行程外科切割和紧固器械的另一个实施例。
图32-36示出了带助力的双行程电动外科切割和紧固器械的一个实施例。
图37-40示出了具有此类触觉位置反馈系统的电动外科切割和紧固器械的一个实施例。
图41和图42示出了可用作运转马达传感器的可变传感器的一个实施例的两种状态。
图43示出了包括一对非对称电池组的外科器械的一个实施例。
图44示出了位于图43的外科器械的柄部的外面的电池组的一个实施例。
图45示出了图43的外科器械的柄部的一个实施例,其中示出了用于容纳电池组的腔体。
图46示出了图44的电池组的一个实施例,其中示出了正极触点和负极触点。
图47示出了与放电插头结合的图44的电池组的一个实施例。
图48示出了外科器械和电池组的一个实施例的示意图。
图49示出了图48所示的电池组和外科器械的替代实施例。
图50示出了图48的电池组的另一个实施例。
图51-53示出了实现图48所示的电池组原理图的电池组的一个机械实施例。
图54-59示出了实现图48所示的电池组原理图的电池组800的另一个机械实施例。
图60和图61示出了从壳体移除的图57-58的电池漏极的一个实施例。具体实施方式
多个实施例涉及电池供电的外科器械以及包括有利于装运、储存和处理的结构的电池。例如,根据一个实施例,电池组可包括在具有非对称横截面形状的壳体内的机械联接和电联接在一起的多个电芯。可选择壳体内的电芯的数量和类型以将潜在意外放电的能量降低到阈值水平之下。结合电池组使用的外科器械可包括限定多个腔体的柄部。每个腔体可具有非对称横截面形状并且腔体中的至少一个可具有尺寸设定成容纳电池组的非对称横截面形状。附加的腔体和/或多个腔体可容纳附加的电池组。根据多个实施例,单个壳体内的成组的多个电芯可降低与将每个电芯单独装载到柄部内相关联的不便性。同时,限制组合在一起的多个电芯的数量可降低装运、储存和处理期间的安全风险。
根据多个实施例,外科器械可使用一个或多个电池组,每个电池组包括多个电芯和用于电连接多个电芯的至少一个开关。开关可具有打开位置和闭合位置,在所述打开位置电芯彼此电分离,在所述闭合位置电芯彼此电连接。当电池组安装在外科器械中时,开关可从打开位置转换到闭合位置。以此方式,外科器械可利用与多电芯型电池组相关联的电力。然而,同时,可在开关处于打开位置的情况下装运电芯以降低用于短路和/或电弧的可得能量并因此降低装运、储存和处理期间的安全风险。在某些实施例中,本文所述的电池和电芯可具有放电开关,所述放电开关用于将负载连接到电池或电芯的端子上以使电池放电。例如,在处理之前,放电开关可为闭合的。以此方式,可在处理之前或其后不久使电池放电。因此,可降低因处理产生的电池安全风险。
在描述电芯、电池、电池组和相关外科器械的实施例之前,提供了电池供电的外科器械的示例实施例的详细说明。尽管本文所述的外科器械包括用于切割和缝合的电动工具,但应当理解,本文所述的电池构型可结合任何合适类型的电外科器械进行使用,所述电外科器械包括例如切割器、抱握器、装订器、RF切割器/凝固器、超声切割器/凝固器、激光切割器/凝固器等。
图1和图2为外科切割和紧固器械10的一个实施例的透视图。图示实施例是内窥镜式器械,并且一般来讲,本文所述的器械10的实施例是内窥镜式外科切割和紧固器械。然而,应该指出的是,根据其它实施例,器械可为非内窥镜式外科切割和紧固器械,例如腹腔镜式或开放式外科器械。
图1和图2示出的外科器械10包括柄部6、轴8和在关节枢轴14处可枢转地连接至轴8的关节连接的端部执行器12。关节控制器16可邻近柄部6设置,以使端部执行器12围绕关节枢轴14旋转。在图示实施例中,端部执行器12能够充当内切割器以夹持、切断和缝合组织,但是在其它实施例中,可使用不同类型的端部执行器,例如用于其它类型的外科手术装置(例如,抓紧器、切割器、装订器、施夹器、进入装置、药物/基因理疗装置、超声、射频或激光装置等)的端部执行器。
器械10的柄部6可包括用于致动端部执行器12的闭合触发器18和击发触发器20。应当理解,具有涉及不同手术任务的端部执行器的器械可具有用于操纵端部执行器12的不同数量或类型的触发器或其它合适的控制器。端部执行器12被显示为优选地通过细长轴8与柄部6分开。在一个实施例中,器械10的临床医生或操作者可利用关节控制器16使端部执行器12相对于轴8进行关节动作,如在Geoffrey C.Hueil等人的提交于2006年1月10日的名称为“Surgical Instrument Having An Articulating EndEffector”的、未决的美国专利申请No.11/329,020中对此作了更详细的描述,该专利申请以引用方式并入本文中。
在该实例中,除了别的以外,端部执行器12包括钉槽22和可枢转平移的夹持构件,例如砧24,其以确保有效地缝合和切断被夹持在端部执行器12中的组织的间隔来保持。柄部6包括手枪式夹持件26,由临床医生将闭合触发器18可枢转地拉向手枪式夹持件26,以使得砧24朝向端部执行器12的缝钉槽22夹紧或闭合,从而夹持定位在砧24和槽22之间的组织。击发触发器20在闭合触发器18的更外侧。如以下进一步描述的,一旦闭合触发器18被锁定在闭合位置,击发触发器20即可朝向手枪式夹持件26稍微旋转,以使得其可由操作者单手触及。然后,操作者可将击发触发器20可枢转地拉向手枪式夹持件26以缝合和切断被夹持在端部执行器12中的组织。在其它实施例中,可使用除砧24之外的不同类型的夹持构件,例如相对的夹具等。
应当理解,本文所使用的术语“近侧”和“远侧”是相对于握持器械10的柄部6的临床医生而言的。因此,端部执行器12相对于更近侧的柄部6处于远侧。还应当理解,为便利和清楚起见,本申请结合附图使用空间术语,例如“竖直”和“水平”。然而,外科器械在多个取向和位置中使用,并且这些术语并不旨在进行限制,也并不是绝对的。
闭合触发器18可首先被启动。一旦临床医生对于端部执行器12的定位感到满意,则临床医生可将闭合触发器18拉回至其紧邻手枪式夹持件26的完全闭合、锁定的位置。然后,可致动击发触发器20。当临床医生移除压力时,击发触发器20返回到打开位置(如图1和图2所示),如下文将更全面描述。位于柄部6上并且在此实例中位于柄部6的手枪式夹持件26上的释放按钮160在被压下时可释放锁定的闭合触发器18。
图3为端部执行器12的一个实施例的分解图。如图示实施例所示,除了先前提到的槽22和砧24之外,端部执行器12还可包括切割器32、滑块33、可移除地安装在槽22中的钉仓34和螺杆轴36。例如,切割器械32可为刀。砧24可在连接至槽22的近端的枢转点25处可枢转地打开和闭合。砧24还可包括位于其近端处的凸块27,所述凸块27插入机械闭合系统(以下进一步描述)的组件中以打开和闭合砧24。当致动(即通过器械10的使用者拉动)闭合触发器18时,砧24可围绕枢转点25枢转至夹紧或闭合位置。如果端部执行器12的夹持令人满意,则操作者可致动击发触发器20,如以下更详细说明的,使刀32和滑块33沿槽22纵向行进,从而切割被夹持在端部执行器12内的组织。滑块33沿着槽22的运动使得钉仓34的缝钉被驱动穿过被切断的组织并且抵靠闭合的砧24,砧24转动缝钉以紧固被切断的组织。名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating An E-Beam Firing Mechanism”的美国专利No.6,978,921提供了关于此类双行程切割和紧固器械的更多细节,该专利以引用方式并入本文中。根据多个实施例,滑块33可为仓34的一体部分,使得当刀32在切割操作之后回缩时,滑块33并不回缩。
应该指出的是,虽然本申请描述的器械10的实施例使用缝合被切断的组织的端部执行器12,但是在其它实施例中,可使用用于紧固或密封被切断的组织的不同技术。例如,也可使用利用RF能或粘合剂来紧固被切断的组织的端部执行器。名称为“Electrosurgical Hemostatic Device”的美国专利No.5,810,811公开了使用RF能紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,该专利以引用方式并入本文中。名称为“Surgical Stapling Instruments Structured ForDelivery Of Medical Agents”的美国专利申请No.11/267,811和名称为“Surgical Stapling Instruments Structured For Pump-Assisted Delivery OfMedical Agents”的美国专利申请No.11/267,383公开了使用粘合剂紧固被切断的组织的切割器械,这两个专利申请均引用方式并入本文中。因此,虽然本文的描述涉及切割/缝合操作等,但是应当认识到这仅是示例实施例,而并不旨在进行限制。也可使用其它组织紧固技术。
图4和图5为端部执行器12和轴8的一个实施例的分解图,并且图6为其侧视图。如图示实施例中所示,轴8可包括由枢轴连接件44可枢转地连接的近侧闭合管40和远侧闭合管42。远侧闭合管42包括开口45,砧24上的凸块27插入开口45中以打开和闭合砧24,如下文更详细地描述。近侧脊管46可设置在闭合管40、42内。经由锥齿轮组件52与次(或远侧)传动轴50连通的主旋转(或近侧)传动轴48可设置在近侧脊管46内。次传动轴50连接到与螺杆轴36的近侧传动齿轮56接合的传动齿轮54。当击发触发器20的致动造成主传动轴48旋转(如下文详细说明)时,锥齿轮组52a-c使二级传动轴50旋转,这继而又由于传动齿轮54、56的接合而导致螺杆轴36旋转,这使刀/滑块驱动构件32沿槽22纵向行进而切割被夹紧在端部执行器12内的任何组织。立式锥齿轮52b可位于近侧脊管46远端的开口57中且能够在其中枢转。远侧脊管58可用来包封次传动轴50和传动齿轮54、56。在本文中有时将主传动轴48、次传动轴50和关节活动组件(例如锥齿轮组件52a-c)整体称作“主传动轴组件”。
将轴承38螺纹接合在螺旋传动螺杆36上。轴承36还连接到刀32。当螺旋传动螺杆36向前旋转时,轴承38朝远侧穿越螺旋驱动螺杆36,从而驱动切割器械32并且在该过程中驱动滑块33以执行切割/缝合操作。滑块33可由例如塑料制成,并且可具有倾斜的远侧表面。当滑块33穿越槽22时,前倾表面可向上推动或驱动钉仓34中的缝钉穿过被夹紧的组织,并撞击砧24。砧24使缝钉弯折,从而缝合被切断的组织。当刀32回缩时,刀32与滑块33可脱离,从而使滑块33留在槽22的远端处。
由于缺乏使用者对切割/缝合操作的反馈,因此医生普遍不太接受只通过按下按钮来致动切割/缝合操作的马达驱动式外科器械。相比之下,多个实施例可提供下述马达驱动式内切割器,所述马达驱动式内切割器具有对端部执行器中的切割器械的部署、加载力和/或位置的使用者反馈。
图7-10示出了马达驱动式内切割器、特别是其柄部6的一个实施例,其提供关于端部执行器中的切割器械的部署和加载力的使用者反馈。此外,该实施例可利用使用者在回缩击发触发器20时提供的动力来对器械供能(所谓的“助力”模式)。如图示实施例中所示,柄部6包括外部下侧件59、60和外部上侧件61、62,它们配合在一起以在整体上形成柄部6的外部。例如锂离子电池之类的电池64可设置在柄部6的手枪式夹持件26中。尽管电池64示为包括单个电芯,但应当理解,在一些实施例中电池64可包括连接在一起的多个电芯。电池64可对设置在柄部6的手枪式夹持件26上部内的马达65供电。根据多个实施例,马达65可为DC有刷驱动马达,其具有大约5000RPM的最大转速。马达65可驱动包括第一锥齿轮68和第二锥齿轮70的90°锥齿轮组件66。锥齿轮组件66可驱动行星式齿轮组件72。行星式齿轮组件72可包括连接到传动轴76的小齿轮74。小齿轮74可驱动配对的环形齿轮78,该环形齿轮通过传动轴82来驱动螺旋齿轮筒80。环84可螺旋接合在螺旋齿轮筒80上。因此,当马达65旋转时,环84利用介于其间的锥齿轮组件66、行星式齿轮组件72和环形齿轮78而沿螺旋齿轮筒80行进。
柄部6还可包括与击发触发器20连通的马达运转传感器110,其检测击发触发器20何时被操作者朝着柄部6的手枪式夹持件部分26拉回(或“闭合”),从而致动端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作。传感器110可为比例传感器,例如变阻器或可变电阻器。当拉回击发触发器20时,传感器110检测出该运动并发出指示要供给马达65的电压(或功率)的电信号。当传感器110为可变电阻器等时,马达65的转速可与击发触发器20的运动量大致成比例。也就是说,如果操作者仅轻微拉动或闭合击发触发器20,则马达65的转速较低。当完全拉回击发触发器20(或处于完全闭合位置)时,马达65的转速为其最大值。换句话讲,使用者越用力拉动击发触发器20,施加到马达65上的电压就越大,从而使得转速就越大。
柄部6可包括邻近击发触发器20的上部的中间柄部件104。柄部6还可包括连接在中间柄部件104上的柱和击发触发器20上的柱之间的偏置弹簧112。偏置弹簧112可将击发触发器20偏置到其完全打开位置。这样,当操作者释放击发触发器20时,偏置弹簧112将击发触发器20拉向其打开位置,从而移除传感器110的致动,从而停止马达65的旋转。此外,借助于偏置弹簧112,每当使用者闭合击发触发器20时,使用者将感受到对闭合操作的阻力,从而向使用者提供关于马达65所施加的旋转量的反馈。另外,操作者可停止回缩击发触发器20以因此将力从传感器100移除,从而使马达65停止。这样,使用者即可停止部署端部执行器12,从而为操作者提供对切割/紧固操作的一定程度的控制。
螺旋齿轮筒80的远端包括驱动环形齿轮122的远侧传动轴120,所述环形齿轮122与小齿轮124配合。小齿轮124连接到主传动轴组件的主传动轴48。这样,马达65的旋转使得主传动轴组件旋转,从而致动端部执行器12,如上所述。
螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84可包括设置在开槽臂90的槽88内的柱86。开槽臂90在其相对端94上具有开口92,开口92容纳连接在柄部外侧件59、60之间的枢轴销96。枢轴销96还穿过击发触发器20中的开口100和中间柄部件104中的开口102而设置。
另外,柄部6可包括反向马达(或行程结束)传感器130和止动马达(或行程开始)传感器142。在多个实施例中,反向马达传感器130可为位于螺旋齿轮筒80的远端的限位开关,使得螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84在环84到达螺旋齿轮筒80的远端时接触并触动反向马达传感器130。反向马达传感器130在启动时向马达65发送信号,以使其旋转反向,从而在切割操作后撤回端部执行器12的刀32。
止动马达传感器142可为例如常闭限位开关。在多个实施例中,其可位于螺旋齿轮筒80的近端处,以使得环84在其到达螺旋齿轮筒80的近端时触动开关142。
在操作中,当器械10的操作者将击发触发器20拉回时,传感器110检测击发触发器20的部署,并向马达65发送信号以使得马达65以例如与操作者回缩击发触发器20的用力程度成比例的速度正向旋转。马达65的正向旋转继而使得行星式齿轮组件72的远端处的环形齿轮78旋转,从而使得螺旋齿轮筒80旋转,使螺纹连接在螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84沿螺旋齿轮筒80朝远侧行进。螺旋齿轮筒80的旋转还驱动如上所述的主传动轴组件,这继而部署端部执行器12中的刀32。也就是说,使得刀32和滑块33纵向穿过槽22,从而切割被夹持在端部执行器12中的组织。此外,在使用缝合型端部执行器的实施例中使端部执行器12产生缝合操作。
当端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作完成时,螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84将已到达螺旋齿轮筒80的远端,从而使反向马达传感器130被触动,传感器130将信号发送至马达65以使马达65的旋转反向。这继而使得刀32回缩,并且还使螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84运动回到螺旋齿轮筒80的近端。
中间柄部件104包括与开槽臂90接合的后侧肩106,如图8和图9中最佳显示。中间柄部件104还具有与击发触发器20接合的前移阻挡件107。如以上所解释,开槽臂90的运动受马达65旋转的控制。当随着环84从螺旋齿轮筒80的近端朝远端行进,开槽臂90逆时针旋转时,中间柄部件104将自由地逆时针旋转。因此,当使用者将击发触发器20拉回时,击发触发器20将与中间柄部件104的正向运动阻挡件107接合,使得中间柄部件104逆时针旋转。然而,由于后侧肩106结合开槽臂90,因此中间柄部件104仅在开槽臂90允许的情况下才能够逆时针旋转。这样,如果马达65由于某种原因应该停止旋转,则开槽臂90将停止旋转,并且使用者将无法进一步拉回击发触发器20,因为中间柄部件104由于开槽臂90而无法逆时针旋转。
图41和图42示出了可用作运转马达传感器110的可变传感器的一个实施例的两种状态。传感器110可包括表面部分280、第一电极(A)282、第二电极(B)284、以及位于电极282、284之间的可压缩的电介质材料286(例如EAP)。传感器110可被定位成使得在回缩时表面部分280接触击发触发器20。因此,当击发触发器20回缩时,电介质材料286被压缩,如图42中所示,使得电极282、284之间更接近。电极282、284之间的距离“b”直接关系到电极282、284之间的阻抗,距离越大阻抗就越大,距离越小阻抗就越小。这样,由于击发触发器20的拉回而使电介质材料286被压缩的量(图42中以力“F”表示)与电极282、284之间的阻抗成比例,这可用于按比例控制马达65。
图7-10中还示出了用于通过回缩闭合触发器18来闭合(或夹持)端部执行器12的砧24的实例闭合系统的组件。在图示实施例中,闭合系统包括轭250,该轭通过穿过闭合触发器18和轭250中的对齐的开口插入的销251连接到闭合触发器18。闭合触发器18围绕枢轴销252枢转,并且枢轴销252插入穿过闭合触发器18中的另一开口,该开口偏离销251插入穿过闭合触发器18的位置。因此,闭合触发器18的回缩使得通过销251附接到轭250的闭合触发器18的上部逆时针旋转。轭250的远端通过销254连接到第一闭合托架256。第一闭合托架256连接到第二闭合托架258。闭合托架256、258共同限定开口,近侧闭合管40(见图4)的近端被安放并保持在该开口中,使得闭合托架256、258的纵向运动引起近侧闭合管40的纵向运动。器械10还包括设置在近侧闭合管40内的闭合杆260。闭合杆260可包括窗口261,位于柄部外部件中的一个(例如图示实施例中的外部下侧件59)上的柱263设置在窗口261中,以将闭合杆260固定地连接到柄部6。这样,近侧闭合管40能够相对于闭合杆260纵向运动。闭合杆260还可包括远侧轴环267,其装配在近侧脊管46中的腔269内并由帽271(参见图4)保持在腔内。
在操作中,当轭250由于闭合触发器18的缩回而旋转时,闭合托架256、258使得近侧闭合管40朝远侧(例如,远离器械10的柄部末端)运动,从而使得远侧闭合管42朝远侧运动,继而使得砧24围绕枢转点25旋转至夹紧或闭合位置。当闭合触发器18从锁定位置解锁时,使得近侧闭合管40朝近侧滑动,从而使得远侧闭合管42朝近侧滑动,继而利用插入远侧闭合管42的窗口45中的凸块27使得砧24围绕枢转点25枢转至打开位置或未夹持位置。这样,通过回缩并锁定闭合触发器18,操作者可将组织夹持在砧24和槽22之间,并可在切割/缝合操作后通过将闭合触发器18从锁定位置释放来松开该组织。
图11为器械10的电路的一个实施例的示意图。当操作者在锁定闭合触发器18后开始拉回击发触发器20时,传感器110被启动,从而使电流从中流过。如果常开反向马达传感器开关130打开(表明还未到达端部执行器行程的端部),电流将流向单刀双掷继电器132。由于反向马达传感器开关130未闭合,则继电器132的线圈134将不通电,因此继电器132将处于其未通电状态。该电路还包括仓闭锁传感器开关136。如果端部执行器12包括钉仓34,则传感器开关136将处于闭合状态,从而允许电流流动。相反,如果端部执行器12不包括钉仓34,则传感器开关136将断开,从而防止电池64为马达65供电。
当钉仓34存在时,传感器开关136闭合,从而为单刀单掷继电器138供电。当为继电器138供电时,电流流经继电器138,流过可变电阻器传感器110,并经由双刀双掷继电器140到达马达65,从而为马达65供电并使其正向旋转。
当端部执行器12到达其行程末尾时,反向马达传感器130被启动,从而闭合开关130并为继电器132供电。这使继电器132处于其通电状态(图11中未示出),从而使得电流绕过仓闭锁传感器开关136和可变电阻器110而流向常闭双刀双掷继电器140并流回马达65,但以导致马达65反向旋转的方式经过继电器140。
由于止动马达传感器开关142是常闭的,因此电流将流回至继电器132以保持其通电,直至开关142断开。当刀32完全回缩时,止动马达传感器开关142被启动,导致开关142断开,从而将马达65断电。
在其它实施例中,可使用通断型传感器而不是比例型传感器110。在此类施例中,马达65的转速将不与操作者施加的力成比例。确切地讲,马达65一般以恒速旋转。但是由于击发触发器20与齿轮传动系啮合,因此操作者仍将感受到力反馈。
图12为根据另一个实施例的助力电动内切割器的柄部6的侧视图。图12的实施例与图7-10的实施例类似,不同的是在图12的实施例中不存在与螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84连接的开槽臂90。相反,在图12的实施例中,环84包括当环84在螺旋齿轮筒80上向下(和向后)行进时随环84一起运动的传感器部分114。传感器部分114包括凹口116。反向马达传感器130可位于凹口116的远端,并且止动马达传感器142可位于凹口116的近端。当环84在螺旋齿轮筒80上向下(和向后)运动时,传感器部分114与其一起运动。此外,如图12所示,中间件104可具有延伸到凹口116中的臂118。
在操作中,当器械10的操作者朝手枪式夹持件26回缩击发触发器20时,运转马达传感器110检测到该运动并发送信号以向马达65供电,此外,这还使螺旋齿轮筒80旋转。当螺旋齿轮筒80旋转时,螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84前进(或者回缩,具体取决于旋转方向)。而且,由于击发触发器20的拉回,中间件104与击发触发器20一起逆时针旋转,这是由于与击发触发器20接合的前移阻挡件107导致的。中间件104的逆时针旋转导致臂118随着环84的传感器部分114一起逆时针旋转,使得臂118保持设置在凹口116中。当环84到达螺旋齿轮筒80的远端时,臂118将接触并因此触动反向马达传感器130。相似地,当环84到达螺旋齿轮筒80的近端时,臂118将接触并因此触动止动马达传感器142。此类动作可分别使马达65反转和停止,如上所述。
图13为根据另一个实施例的助力电动内切割器的柄部6的侧视图。图13的实施例类似于图7-10的实施例,不同的是在图13的实施例中,臂90中没有槽。相反,螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84包括竖直槽126。臂90包括设置在槽126中的柱128,而不是狭槽。当螺旋齿轮筒80旋转时,螺纹接合在螺旋齿轮筒80上的环84前进(或者回缩,具体取决于旋转方向)。当环84由于设置在槽126中的柱128而行进时,臂90逆时针旋转,如图13所示。
如上所述,在使用双行程电动器械时,操作者首先向后拉动并锁定闭合触发器18。图14和图15示出了用于将闭合触发器18锁定到柄部6的手枪式夹持件部分26的闭合触发器18锁定机构的一个实施例。在图示实施例中,手枪式夹持件部分26包括钩150,其由扭转弹簧152偏置以围绕枢轴点151逆时针旋转。此外,闭合触发器18包括闭合杆154。当操作者拉回闭合触发器18时,闭合杆154接合钩150的倾斜部分156,从而向上(或者图14-15中的顺时针)旋转钩150,直到闭合杆154完全通过倾斜部分156、进入钩150的下陷的凹口158中,从而将闭合触发器18锁定就位。操作者可通过向下推动位于手枪式夹持件26的后侧或相对侧上的滑动释放按钮160来释放闭合触发器18。向下推动滑动释放按钮160使钩150顺时针旋转,使得使闭合杆154从下陷的凹口158释放。
图16示出了根据多个实施例的另一种闭合触发器锁定机构。在图16的实施例中,闭合触发器18包括具有箭头部分161的楔形件160。箭头部分161由片簧162向下(或顺时针)偏置。楔形件160和片簧162可由例如模制塑料制成。当拉回闭合触发器18时,箭头部分161能够从柄部6的手枪式夹持件26中的开口164插入。箭头部分161的下斜切表面166接合开口164的下侧壁168,从而促使箭头部分161逆时针旋转。最终下斜切表面166完全通过下侧壁168,从而移除作用在箭头部分161上的逆时针方向的力,使下侧壁168滑入位于箭头部分161后面的凹口170中的锁定位置。
为了将闭合触发器18解锁,使用者按下闭合触发器18相对侧上的按钮172,使箭头部分161逆时针旋转并使得箭头部分161从开口164滑出。
图17-22示出了闭合触发器锁定机构的另一个实施例。如该实施例中所示,闭合触发器18包括纵向柔性臂176,纵向柔性臂176包括从其中延伸的侧销178。臂176和销178可由例如模制塑料制成。柄部6的手枪式夹持件26包括开口180,开口180具有设置在其中的横向延伸的楔形件182。当拉回闭合触发器18时,销178接合楔形件182并且销178由楔形件182的下表面184向下压(例如,臂176顺时针旋转),如图17和18所示。当销178完全穿过下表面184时,作用在臂176上的顺时针方向的力被移除,并且销178逆时针旋转,使得销178停置在楔形件182后面的凹口186中,如图19所示,从而锁定闭合触发器18。销178进一步通过从楔形件184延伸的柔性阻挡件188而在锁定位置中保持就位。
为了将闭合触发器18释放,操作者可进一步挤压闭合触发器18,从而使销178接合开口180的倾斜后壁190,促使销178向上越过柔性阻挡件188,如图20和图21所示。销178然后在开口180中自由地从上部槽192移出,使得闭合触发器18不再被锁定到手枪式夹持件26,如图22所示。
图23A-B示出了可被用于外科器械(例如器械10)的关节点处的万向接头(“U型接头”)195。U型接头195的第二构件195-2在水平面上旋转,第一构件195-1位于该水平面中。图23A示出直线(180°)取向的U型接头195,图23B示出呈大约150°取向的U型接头195。可在主传动轴组件的关节点14处用U型接头195代替锥齿轮52a-c(例如见图4),以使端部执行器12进行关节活动。图24A-B示出扭转缆线197,其可用于代替锥齿轮52a-c和U型接头195,以实现端部执行器12的关节连接。
图25-31示出带助力的电动双行程外科切割和紧固器械10的另一个实施例。图25-31的实施例类似于图6-10的实施例,不同的是图25-31的实施例包括替代的齿轮驱动组件,而不是螺旋齿轮筒80。图25-31的实施例包括齿轮箱组件200,其包括设置在机架201中的数个齿轮,其中这些齿轮连接在行星式齿轮72与传动轴48近端处的小齿轮124之间。如下面进一步解释,齿轮箱组件200通过击发触发器20为使用者提供有关端部执行器12的部署和加载力的反馈。而且,使用者可通过齿轮箱组件200为系统提供动力,以辅助端部执行器12的部署。在这种意义上,如同上述实施例,图25-31的实施例是另一种助力电动器械10,其向使用者提供关于切割器械32所感受到的加载力的反馈。
在图示实施例中,触发器20包括两个部件:主体部分202和加劲部分204。主体部分202可由例如塑料制成,而加劲部分204可由更刚性的材料(例如金属)制成。在图示实施例中,加劲部分204邻近主体部分202,但根据其它实施例,加劲部分204可设置在主体部分202的内部。枢轴销207可插入穿过击发触发器构件202、204中的开口并可为击发触发器20围绕其旋转的点。此外,弹簧222可将击发触发器20偏置成沿逆时针方向旋转。弹簧222可具有连接至销224的远端,销224连接至击发触发器20的构件202、204。弹簧222的近端可连接至柄部外部下侧件59、60中的一者。
在图示实施例中,主体部分202和加劲部分204在其上端部分(分别)包括齿轮部206、208。齿轮部206、208接合齿轮箱组件200中的齿轮(如下文所解释),以驱动主传动轴组件并为使用者提供关于端部执行器12部署的反馈。
如图示实施例中所示出,齿轮箱组件200可包括六(6)个齿轮。齿轮箱组件200的第一齿轮210接合击发触发器20的齿轮部206、208。此外,第一齿轮210接合更小的第二齿轮212,更小的第二齿轮212与大的第三齿轮214共轴。第三齿轮214接合更小的第四齿轮216,更小的第四齿轮216与第五齿轮218共轴。第五齿轮218为90°锥齿轮,其接合连接至小齿轮124的配对的90°锥齿轮220(图31中清晰显示),小齿轮124驱动主传动轴48。
在操作时,当使用者回缩击发触发器20时,运转马达传感器(未示出)被启动,其可向马达65提供信号,使之以与操作者回缩击发触发器20的程度或力成比例的速度旋转。这使得马达65以与来自传感器的信号成比例的速度旋转。此实施例中未示出传感器,但其可类似于上述地运转马达传感器110。传感器可位于柄部6中,使得其在击发触发器20回缩时被压缩。此外,可使用通/断型传感器,而不是比例型传感器。
马达65的旋转使锥齿轮66、70旋转,由此使得行星式齿轮72旋转,从而通过传动轴76使环形齿轮122旋转。环形齿轮122与小齿轮124啮合,所述小齿轮124连接到主传动轴48。因此,小齿轮124的旋转驱动主传动轴48,这致动端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作。
小齿轮124的向前旋转继而使得锥齿轮220旋转,从而通过齿轮箱组件200的其它齿轮来使第一齿轮210旋转。第一齿轮210接合击发触发器20的齿轮部206、208,从而在马达65为端部执行器12提供向前的驱动时使击发触发器20逆时针旋转(并且在马达65反向旋转以回缩端部执行器12时逆时针旋转)。这样,使用者通过其握持击发触发器20来感受有关端部执行器12的加载力和部署的反馈。因此,当使用者缩回击发触发器20时,操作者将感受到与端部执行器12受到的加载力有关的阻力。类似地,当操作者在切割/缝合操作后释放击发触发器20以使其能够返回到其初始位置时,使用者将感受到来自击发触发器20的顺时针旋转力,该力通常与马达65的反向速度成比例。
还应该指出的是,在此实施例中,使用者可施加力(代替或补充来自马达65的力)以通过回缩击发触发器20来致动主传动轴组件(并因此致动端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作)。也就是说,击发触发器20的回缩使得齿轮部206、208逆时针旋转,这导致齿轮箱组件200的齿轮旋转,从而使小齿轮124旋转,由此使得主传动轴48旋转。
尽管在图25-31中未示出,但是器械10还可包括反向马达传感器和止动马达传感器。如上所述,反向马达传感器和止动马达传感器可分别检测切割行程的结束(刀32和滑块33的完全部署)和回缩操作的结束(刀32的完全回缩)。与上述图11相关的类似电路可用于为马达65适当地供电。
图32-36示出了带助力的双行程电动外科切割和紧固器械10的另一个实施例。图32-36的实施例类似于图25-31的实施例,不同的是在图32-36的实施例中,击发触发器20包括下部228和上部230。下部228、上部230两者均与穿过下部228、上部230设置的枢轴销207连接并围绕其枢转。上部230包括与齿轮箱组件200的第一齿轮210接合的齿轮部232。弹簧222连接至上部230,使得上部被偏移而沿顺时针方向旋转。上部230还可包括下臂234,其与击发触发器20的下部228的上表面接触,使得当使上部230顺时针旋转时下部228也顺时针旋转,并且当下部228逆时针旋转时上部230也逆时针旋转。相似地,下部228包括与上部230的下肩接合的旋转阻挡件238。这样,当使上部230逆时针旋转时下部228也逆时针旋转,当下部228顺时针旋转时上部230也顺时针旋转。
图示实施例还包括给马达65传送信号的运转马达传感器110,在多个实施例中,该信号可使马达65以与操作者回缩击发触发器20时施加的力成比例的速度旋转。传感器110可为例如变阻器或某些其它可变电阻传感器,如本文所述。此外,器械10可包括在与击发触发器20上部230的前表面242接触时被触动或切换的反向马达传感器130。当被启动时,反向马达传感器130将信号发送至马达65,以使其反向。此外,器械10可包括在与击发触发器20的下部228接触时被触动或驱动的止动马达传感器142。当被启动时,止动马达传感器142发送信号以停止马达65的反向旋转。
在操作中,当操作者将闭合触发器18回缩到锁定位置时,击发触发器20略微回缩(这借助于本领域所知的机构,其中包括名称为“SurgicalStapling Instrument Incorporating An E-Beam Firing Mechanism”的美国专利No.6,978,921和名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Incorporating A FiringMechanism Having A Linked Rack Transmission”的美国专利No.6,905,057,这两个专利均以引用方式并入本文中),因此使用者可握持击发触发器20来初始化切割/缝合操作,如图32和图33所示。此时,如图33所示,击发触发器20的上部230的齿轮部232与齿轮箱组件200的第一齿轮210运动接合。当操作者回缩击发触发器20时,根据多个实施例,在触动运转马达传感器110之前,击发触发器20可旋转较小的量(例如5度),如图34中所示。传感器110的启动使马达65以与由操作者施加的回拉力成比例的速度正向旋转。如上所述,马达65正向旋转引起主传动轴48旋转,由此使得端部执行器12中的刀32被部署(例如,开始穿过槽22)。连接至主传动轴48的小齿轮124的旋转导致齿轮箱组件200中齿轮210-220旋转。由于第一齿轮210与击发触发器20的上部230的齿轮部232接合,使得上部230逆时针旋转,这导致下部228也逆时针旋转。
当刀32被完全部署(例如,在切割行程结束)时,上部230的前表面242触动反向马达传感器130,反向马达传感器130将信号发送至马达65,使其反方向旋转。这使得主传动轴组件反方向旋转以回缩刀32。主传动轴组件反向旋转使得齿轮箱组件中的齿轮210-220反转,使得击发触发器20的上部230顺时针旋转,由此使得击发触发器20的下部228顺时针旋转,直到当刀32完全回缩时上部230的前表面242触动或致动止动马达传感器142,从而使马达65停止。这样,使用者通过其握持击发触发器20而感受到有关端部执行器12部署的反馈。因此,当使用者回缩击发触发器20时,操作者将感受到与端部执行器12的部署有关的阻力,特别是与由于刀32受到的加载力有关的阻力。类似地,当操作者在切割/缝合操作后释放击发触发器20以使其能返回到其初始位置时,使用者将感受到来自击发触发器20的顺时针旋转力,该力通常与马达65的反向速度成比例。
还应该指出的是,在此实施例中,使用者可施加力(代替或补充来自马达65的力)以通过回缩击发触发器20来致动主传动轴组件(并因此致动端部执行器12的切割/缝合操作)。也就是说,回缩击发触发器20使得上部230的齿轮部232逆时针旋转,由此使得齿轮箱组件200的齿轮旋转,从而使小齿轮124旋转,由此使得主传动轴组件旋转。
上述实施例采用助力使用者反馈系统,这些系统带或不带用于双行程电动外科切割和紧固器械的自适应控制(例如,使用设置在马达、齿轮传动系和端部执行器的闭环系统外部的传感器110、130、142)。也就是说,由于击发触发器20被(直接或间接地)啮合到马达65和主传动轴48之间的齿轮传动系中,由使用者施加的用以回缩击发触发器20的力可添加到由马达65施加的力。在其它实施例中,可向使用者提供有关端部执行器12中的刀32位置的触觉反馈,但未使击发触发器20啮合到齿轮传动系中。图37-40示出了具有此类触觉位置反馈系统的电动外科切割和紧固器械10的一个实施例。
在图37-40示出的实施例中,击发触发器20可具有下部228和上部230,类似于图32-36中示出的器械10。然而,不同于图32-36的实施例,上部230不具有与部分齿轮传动系配合的齿轮部。相反,器械10包括第二马达265,所述第二马达265带有螺纹接合在其中的螺杆266。当马达265旋转时,螺杆266纵向往复进出(取决于旋转方向)马达265。器械10还包括编码器268,其响应主传动轴48的旋转,将主传动轴48(或主传动轴组件的其它零件)的增量角运动转化成例如对应的一系列数字信号。在图示实施例中,小齿轮124包括连接至编码器268的近端传动轴270。
器械10还包括可使用微控制器或一些其它类型的集成电路实现的控制电路(未示出),该控制电路接收来自编码器268的数字信号。根据来自编码器268的信号,控制电路可计算端部执行器12中刀32部署的阶段。也就是说,控制电路可计算刀32是否完全部署、完全回缩或处于中间阶段。基于对端部执行器12部署阶段的计算结果,控制电路可将信号发送至第二马达265以控制其旋转,从而控制螺杆266的往复运动。
在操作中,如图37所示,当闭合触发器18未锁定到夹持位置时,击发触发器20远离柄部6的手枪式夹持件26旋转,使得击发触发器20的上部230的前表面242不与螺杆266的近端接触。当操作者拉回闭合触发器18并将其锁定在夹持位置时,击发触发器20略微朝闭合触发器18旋转,以使得操作者可握持击发触发器20,如图38所示。在此位置,上部230的前表面242接触螺杆266的近端。
当使用者随后回缩击发触发器20时,运转马达传感器110可以在初始旋转量(例如5度的旋转)后被启动,使得(如上所述)传感器110将信号发送至马达65,以使其以与由操作者施加到击发触发器20的回缩力的量成比例的正向速度旋转。马达65的正向旋转通过齿轮传动系使得主传动轴48旋转,由此使得刀32和滑块33沿着槽22运动并切割夹持在端部执行器12中的组织。控制电路接收来自编码器268的关于主传动轴组件的增量旋转的输出信号,将信号发送到第二马达265以使第二马达265旋转,由此使得螺杆266回缩到马达265中。这使得击发触发器20的上部230逆时针旋转,从而使击发触发器的下部228也逆时针旋转。这样,由于螺杆266的往复运动与主传动轴组件的旋转相关,器械10的操作者能够通过他/她握持击发触发器20来感受有关端部执行器12位置的触觉反馈。然而,由使用者施加的回缩力不直接影响主传动轴组件的驱动,因为击发触发器20并未啮合到该实施例中的齿轮传动系中。
通过对来自编码器268的输出信号对主传动轴组件的增量旋转进行跟踪,控制电路可计算刀32何时被完全部署(例如,完全伸展)。此时,控制电路可将信号发送至马达65以反转方向,从而使刀32回缩。马达65反转方向使主传动轴组件反向旋转,这也被编码器268检测。基于编码器268检测到的反向旋转,控制电路将信号发送至第二马达265以使其反转,使得螺杆266开始从马达265纵向延伸。此动作促使击发触发器20的上部230顺时针旋转,由此使得下部228顺时针旋转。这样,操作者可感受来自击发触发器20的顺时针方向的力,这为操作者提供了关于刀32在端部执行器12中的回缩位置的反馈。控制电路可确定刀32何时完全回缩。此时,控制电路可将信号发送至马达65以使其停止旋转。
根据其它实施例,可使用反向马达传感器和止动马达传感器而不是用控制电路来确定刀32的位置,如上所述。此外,可使用通/断开关或传感器而不是用比例传感器110来控制马达65的旋转。在此类实施例中,操作者不能够控制马达65的转速。确切地说,马达将以预编程的速度旋转。
本文中的图43-61描述了结合电动外科装置使用的电池和电池构型的实施例。下文所述的电池和电池构型可用于任何合适的电动外科器械,所述电动外科器械包括例如上文所述的器械实施例。除了或者取代上文所述的实施例的功能,采用图43-61的电池和电池构型的外科器械可包括如下端部执行器,所述端部执行器用于切割、夹持、激光切割和/或凝固、RF切割和/或凝固、超声切割和/或凝固等。有关外科器械和电池组的附加细节描述于2010年9月17日提交的名称为“POWER CONTROL ARRANGEMENTSFOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND BATTERIES”的美国专利申请序列No.____________中,该专利申请的全文以引用方式并入本文。
图43示出了包括一对非对称形状电池组506的外科器械500的一个实施例。器械500可包括柄部502、触发器504和端部执行器501。根据多个实施例,柄部502、触发器504和端部执行器501可以类似于本文所述的各种柄部6、触发器18、20和端部执行器12的方式工作。除了或取代上文所述的功能,端部执行器501可包括如下外科工具,所述外科工具用于切割、夹持、激光切割和/或凝固、RF切割和/或凝固、超声切割和/或凝固等。
器械502的柄部502可容纳电池组506,如图所示。电池组506可电连接到器械500的电路514并为其供电。电路可位于柄部502中(如图所示)、端部执行器501中、或器械500内的位置的任何组合中。使用时,电路514可为端部执行器501处的至少一个外科工具的操作供电。例如,电路514可包括电动马达,所述电动马达用于操作电动切割器、抱握器、或其它机械装置。除了马达之外或者取代马达,电路514可包括用于实现RF、超声、或其它类型的非马达供能式外科工具的合适电路元件。
图44示出了位于柄部502外面的电池组506的一个实施例。电池组506可具有非对称横截面形状。例如,在图44所示的实施例中,电池组506具有半卵形形状。应当理解,可使用其它非对称横截面形状。如图所示,电池组506包括三个电芯508。电芯508可为任何合适类型的电芯,包括例如锂离子电芯,例如CR123型电芯和/或CR2型电芯。电芯508可彼此串联或并联地电连接。可针对电池组506的任何意外放电的能量来选择电芯508的数量。例如,可选择连接的电芯508的数量,以使得可用于电弧或短路的累积能量低于点燃通用装运和/或包装材料所需的能量。根据多个实施例,可通过适当的政府规定来限定此值。
图45示出了柄部502的一个实施例,其中示出了用于容纳电池组506的腔体510、512。腔体510、512可具有非对称横截面形状,所述非对称横截面形状对应于电池组506的横截面形状。这可允许将电池组506容纳在腔体510、512内,如图43所示。腔体510的内部529也示于图45中。壁530可包括触点532、534。触点532、534可连接到电路514并且能够当电池组506安装在腔体510内时将电池组506连接到电路514。应当理解,腔体512可包括类似的内部和类似的触点。然而在图45中为清晰起见省去了这些元件的图示。
图46示出了电池组506的一个实施例,其中示出了正极触点518和负极触点520。在电池组506插入腔体510内时,电极触点518和520可连接到示于图45中的触点532、534以在电池组506和电路514建立连接。电极触点518、520示为位于电池组506的第一端部522上。然而,应当理解,电极触点518、520可被定位在电池组506的任何其它表面上,所述表面包括例如端部524、平面526、和/或曲面528。因此,触点532、534可被定位在腔体510的内部529的对应表面上。
电池组506和腔体510、512的非对称横截面形状可确保将电池组506以正确的极性插入器械500内。例如,由于非对称横截面形状,因此电池组506的端部522可仅沿一个取向装配到柄部502的腔体510中,从而确保正确的电极518、520、532、534彼此接触。类似地,电池组506的端部522可仅沿一个取向装配到腔体512内。由于腔体512的横截面形状与腔体510的横截面形状相补,因此腔体512中的电极触点518、520的取向可与腔体510中的电极触点518、520的取向相反。因此,当腔体510、512具有相补的横截面形状(如图所示)时,触点(未示出)在腔体512内的位置也可反转以确保正确的极性。
可依赖临床医生来认定将具有电极518、520的电池组506的端部522适当地插入腔体510、512内。然而,根据多个实施例,可操纵电池组506的形式以使电池组506的端部524难以或不可能插入腔体510、512内。例如,在图46中,电池组506示为具有位于端部524处的任选凸缘522。凸缘522可延伸超过电池组506以确保端部524不能够被插入腔体510、512中的一者内。尽管示出的器械500采用两个电池组506并且限定两个腔体510、512,但应当理解,可使用多个或额外的电池组以及对应腔体。
图47示出了与放电插头540结合的电池组506的一个实施例。例如,在电池组506的使用完成时,可将放电插头540附接到电池组506的端部522。在某些实施例中,放电插头540可具有稍大于电池组506的横截面积并且可在端部522之上滑动。放电插头可包括通过电阻元件546彼此电连接的电极触点542、546。电阻元件546可为具有任何合适电阻和/或阻抗的任何合适电阻元件。当放电插头就位时,电极触点542、546可接触正极触点518和负极触点520。这可将电阻元件546设置为与电池组506串联,从而使得电芯漏电。以此方式,电池组506可在处理之前或期间漏电,从而降低危险性处理。
图48示出了外科器械602和电池组600的一个实施例的示意图。外科器械602可以类似于上文所述的外科器械10、500的方式工作。例如,器械602可为采用电池电源的任何合适类型的外科器械,所述外科器械包括例如具有用于切割的电动工具、用于缝合的电动工具、用于切割和/或凝固的RF工具、用于切割和/或凝固的超声工具、用于切割和/或凝固的激光工具等的器械。外科器械602可包括一对电极604、606,当电池组600连接到外科器械603时所述一对电极604、606可与电池组600的一对电极608、610连接。
电池组600可包括多个电芯612。电芯612可为任何合适类型的电芯。根据多个实施例,电芯可为锂离子电芯,例如CR123型电芯和/或CR2型电芯。开关614可具有打开位置和闭合位置。开关614可为任何合适类型的机械开关或固态开关。当开关614处于打开位置时,电芯612可彼此电分离。当开关614处于闭合位置时,电芯612可彼此电连接。例如,在图48中,电芯612示出为并联连接。然而,在多个实施例中,电芯612可串联连接或以任何其它期望构型连接。当电池组600连接到外科器械602时,可将开关614接合到闭合位置。例如,使用外科器械602的临床医生可在电池组600连接到器械602之前或之后来手动地接合开关614。另外,根据多个实施例,当电池组600连接到器械602(例如,通过将电池组600的至少一部分设置在外科器械602内)时,开关614可自动地接合至闭合位置。
电池组600还可包括放电系统616。放电系统616可包括放电开关618和电阻元件620。电阻元件620可为具有任何合适电阻和/或阻抗的任何合适电阻元件。放电开关618可具有打开位置和闭合位置。当放电开关处于打开位置时,电阻元件620可不电连接到电池组。当放电开关618处于闭合位置时,电阻元件620可电连接到电池组600的所有电芯612上。以此方式,当闭合放电开关618时,电芯612可漏电。放电开关620可为任何类型的机械开关或固态开关。例如,当电池组614安装到器械602时或从器械602移除外科器械602时,放电开关618可手动地或自动地从打开位置转换到闭合位置。在一些实施例中,电芯612可递送足够的能量并/或电阻元件620可被设计为使得当器械602处于使用状态时可闭合放电开关618。
图49示出了图48所示的电池组600和外科器械602的替代实施例。如图49所示,开关614可包括至少一个打开部分622和至少一个接触器624。如图所示,至少一个接触器624可为外科器械602的一部分。以此方式,当电池组600安装到外科器械602从而使得至少一个连接器部分与至少一个打开部分622电接触时,电芯612可彼此电连接。
图50示出了图48的电池组600的另一个实施例。如图50所示,开关614被实现为具有打开部分634、接触器636和可运动凸块631。接触器636可例如通过弹簧630而机械偏压打开部分634。可运动凸块631可被定位在打开部分634和接触器636之间。可运动凸块631可由绝缘材料(例如塑料)制成。以此方式,当可运动凸块631就位时,电芯612可彼此不电连接。当电池组600准备使用时,可例如由临床医生移除凸块631。当移除凸块631时,接触器636可被机械地推压成电接触打开部分634,从而导致电芯612彼此电连接。根据多个实施例,凸块631可包括如下部分632,所述部分632能够被外科器械的对应部分638容纳。当电池组600安装到器械时,外科器械602的部分638可接触凸块631,这趋于将其从打开部分634和接触器636之间移除。凸块631可由聚合物或任何合适的电绝缘材料制成。另外,根据多个实施例,凸块631可具有约1密耳的厚度。
图51-53示出了实现图48所示的电池组600原理图的电池组700的一个机械实施例。电池组700包括壳体707,所述壳体707在其中具有包括多个电芯的电池703,所述多个电芯可通过连接触点708、710而彼此互连。放电开关712在处于闭合位置时可将电阻元件714连接到电池703的所有端极上,从而导致它们放电。电池组700可包括定位在开关平台716上的一对触点706、704。接触器706、704可具有图51所示的打开位置以及闭合位置。在闭合位置中,接触器706、704可设置成与触点708、710电接触,从而使得电池703彼此互连。开关平台716、触点708、710和接触器704、706可共同来形成开关。根据多个实施例,当开关闭合(例如,接触器704、706与触点708、710接触)时,电池703的电芯可电互连。
可将开关平台716连接到包括一对锁定机构702的离合器705。在图51所示的位置中,离合器(包括锁定机构702)为接合的,从而将开关平台716保持在打开位置。电池组700还可包括放电开关712。在闭合位置中,放电开关712可将电阻元件714切换到电池703的整个阳极和阴极上,从而使电池放电。如图51所示,可通过弹簧718将放电开关机械地偏置到闭合位置。然而,可通过与壳体707的可运动部分或面板722接触的止动件720来克服弹簧718的偏置。
图52以横截面示出了图51的电池组700在插入外科器械750时的构型。可将电池组700插入由器械750限定的腔体754内。腔体754可被定位在器械750的任何部分处,包括在多个实施例中被定位在柄部处。腔体754可包括可与接触器706、708对准的一对触点756、758。可将电池组700沿箭头753方向插入器械750内。当插入电池组700时,接触器706、704可与触点756、758接触。这可将接触器706、708和开关平台716推至触点708、710,使得接触器706、704与触点710、708和触点756、758电气连通,由此可使电池703的电芯互连并且连接到器械750。
根据多个实施例,来自触点756、758的压力可克服离合器705的力,从而脱离锁定机构702,以允许开关平台716朝触点708、710平移。另外,在多个实施例中,腔体754的内部的一部分可包括一个或多个键控部分760、764,所述一个或多个键控部分760、764对准(例如机械性或电子地)与锁定机构702相关联的一个或多个接收器762、766。当键控部分760、764接触接收器762、766时,离合器705的锁定机构702能够脱离,从而允许开关平台716处于图52所示的位置。根据多个实施例,在开关平台716处于图52所示的位置之后,锁定机构702可重新接合,以将开关平台716锁定就位。根据多个实施例,这可使得电池组700在插入之后难以失去与器械750的电连接性。
腔体754的内部还可包括用于接触面板722的结构752(例如,延伸部)。例如,当电池组700插入腔体754中时,延伸部752可接触面板722,从而使其沿箭头755的方向滑动并且允许止动件720突出穿过壳体707(例如,由于弹簧718的偏置)。根据多个实施例,止动件720可接触腔体754的内壁,从而防止放电开关712闭合。图53示出了电池组700在从外科器械750移除之后的一个实施例。可通过锁定机构702将开关平台716锁定在图52所示的同一位置。另外,在腔体754的内壁内,止动件720可从壳体707突出适于闭合放电开关712的量。这可使电池703放电。
图54-61示出了实现图48所示的电池组600原理图的电池组800的另一个机械实施例。电池组800可包括限定内部腔体810的壳体802。壳体802可由顶盖804覆盖,所述顶盖804可利用一个或多个机械闩锁806、808固定到壳体802。图55示出了电池组800的一个实施例,其中顶盖804被移除以示出内部的多个电芯812。可使用任何合适数量和/或类型的电芯812。例如,可使用CR123和/或CR2电芯。图56示出了电池组800的一个实施例,其中壳体802的一部分被移除以显示出电芯812。
图57示出了包括电池漏极814的电池组800的一个实施例的剖视图。电池漏极814可被定位在内部腔体810内并且可在内部腔体810内沿箭头815的方向滑动。漏极814可包括至少两个触点818、816。触点818、816的一部分可接触内部腔体810的壁826。根据多个实施例,触点816、818可被偏置以紧压壁826施加力,以便抵制漏极814沿箭头815方向的运动。另外,在一些实施例中,壁826可限定一个或多个突出部或扣锁构件828,所述突出部或扣锁构件828被成形为被触点816、818中的一个或多个的一部分容纳以将漏极814保持在第一位置,如图57所示。另外,壁826可限定一个或多个电极824。可将电极824接线到电芯812,使得在整个电极824上建立的电连接可使电芯812的正极和负极短路。
漏极814的触点816、818可在漏极814的基部820处进行连接。根据多个实施例,触点816、818可彼此电短路、或可通过电阻元件822而彼此电连接。图58示出了正安装到外科器械850的电池组800的一个实施例。外科器械850可包括延伸构件852,所述延伸构件852能够容纳在内部腔体810内。延伸构件854可包括一个或多个电极854,所述一个或多个电极854被定位成当构件854被完全安装时来接触电池组800的电极855。以此方式,电池组800的电芯812可通过电极854、855为器械830提供电能。
当构件852插入内部腔体810中时,其可接触电池漏极820并且推压电池漏极820在箭头857方向上沿着内部腔体810运动。例如,由构件852提供给电池漏极820的力可克服由触点816、818例如结合扣锁构件828提供的漏极运动阻力。当完全安装时,如图59所示,构件852可将漏极814推到腔体810内直至触点816、818与电极824电接触。这可使得电芯812短路或使得它们通过电阻元件822而彼此电连接。当从器械850卸载电池组800时,可将构件852从腔体810移除。然而,漏极814可保持在图59所示的位置中。以此方式,电芯812可在处理之前或处理期间通过电阻元件822泄漏掉任何残余的电荷。这可例如最小化处理期间的任何意外电荷的能量。
图60和图61示出了从壳体802移除的电池漏极814的一个实施例。如图所示,漏极814可包括两组触点818、816和818′、816′。基部820可限定两组触点816、818,816′、818′之间的中央部分830。根据多个实施例,中央部分830能够接触构件852,如图58-59所示。现在参见图61,电阻元件822被示为安装到基部820。电阻元件822可为具有任何合适阻抗值和任何合适机械构型的元件。例如,如图61所示,电阻元件822可包括一个或多个表面安装组件。
应当理解,本文的附图和说明书中的至少一些已被简化以示出适于清楚地理解本公开的元件,同时为清晰起见移除了其它元件。然而,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,这些和其它元件可为所需的。然而,由于这些元件为本领域所熟知的并且由于它们不利于较好地理解本公开,因此本文未提供对这些元件的论述。
虽然已经描述了多个实施例,但应当知道,本领域技术人员在掌握了本公开的一些或全部优点之后可对这些实施例作出各种修改、变型和改型形式。例如,根据多个实施例,单个组件可替换为多个组件,并且多个组件也可替换为单个组件,以执行给定的一种或多种功能。因此,在不脱离所附权利要求书限定的本公开的范围和精神的情况下,本专利申请旨在涵盖所有这类修改、变型和改型形式。
以引用方式全文或部分地并入本文的任何专利、公布或其它公开材料均仅在所并入的材料不与本公开所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的范围内并入本文。由此,在必要的程度下,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将取代以引用方式并入本文的任何相冲突材料。如果据述以引用方式并入本文但与本文所述的现有定义、陈述或其它公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料和现有的公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
Claims (26)
1.一种外科器械,包括:
端部执行器;
操作地联接到所述端部执行器的柄部,其中所述柄部包括致动所述端部执行器的触发器,其中所述柄部限定第一腔体和第二腔体,其中所述第一腔体具有第一非对称横截面形状,并且其中所述第二腔体具有第二非对称横截面形状;
定位在所述第一腔体内的第一电池组,其中所述第一电池组与所述柄部和所述端部执行器中的至少之一电接触,并且其中所述第一电池组包括:
具有对应于所述第一非对称横截面形状的横截面形状的第一壳体;以及
彼此电联接并且定位在所述第一壳体内的第一组多个电芯;以及
定位在所述第二腔体内的第二电池组,其中所述第二电池组与所述柄部和所述端部执行器中的至少之一电接触,并且其中所述第二电池组包括:
具有对应于所述第二非对称横截面形状的横截面形状的第二壳体;以及
彼此电联接并且定位在所述第二壳体内的第二组多个电芯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述端部执行器包括至少一个工具,所述工具选自包括以下各项的组:切割器、抱握器、装订器、RF工具、超声工具和激光工具。
3.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述第一组多个电芯包括选自组CR123电芯和CR2电芯中的至少一种电芯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,还包括联接到所述第一电池组的可移除放电插头,其中所述放电插头被定位成将所述第一电池组的阳极电连接到所述第一电池组的阴极。
5.根据权利要求4所述的外科器械,其中所述放电插头被定位成通过第一电阻元件将所述第一电池组的阳极电连接到所述第一电池组的阴极。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述第一非对称横截面形状为半卵形。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外科器械,其中所述第一非对称横截面形状和所述第二非对称横截面形状彼此相补。
8.一种外科系统,包括:
电池组,其中所述电池组包括:
壳体;
定位在所述壳体内的多个电芯,其中所述多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此不电连接;
具有打开位置和闭合位置的第一开关,其中在所述闭合位置,所述第一开关电互连所述多个电芯,并且其中所述第一开关被机械地偏置到所述打开位置;
具有打开位置和闭合位置的放电开关,其中所述放电开关被定位成当处于所述闭合位置时将所述电池组的阳极电连接到所述电池组的阴极,其中所述放电开关被机械地偏置到所述闭合位置,并且其中所述放电开关由所述壳体的一部分保持在所述打开位置。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外科系统,还包括:
端部执行器;
操作地联接到所述端部执行器的柄部,其中所述柄部包括致动所述端部执行器的触发器,其中所述柄部限定用于容纳所述电池组的腔体,并且其中所述腔体的内壁包括键控部分,所述键控部分对应于所述离合器的键控闩锁并且被定位成当所述电池组插入所述腔体中时接触所述离合器的键控闩锁以使所述离合器转换到释放状态并且使所述第一开关转换到所述闭合位置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的外科系统,其中所述端部执行器包括至少一个工具,所述工具选自包括以下各项的组:切割器、抱握器、装订器、RF密封工具和超声工具。
11.根据权利要求8所述的外科系统,其中所述离合器还被定位成当所述离合器处于接合状态时将所述第一开关保持在所述闭合位置。
12.根据权利要求8所述的外科系统,其中所述壳体的所述部分能够在所述电池组插入外科器械时相对于所述放电开关运动。
13.根据权利要求12所述的外科系统,其中所述壳体的所述部分包括可滑动面板。
14.根据权利要求8所述的外科系统,其中所述放电开关被定位成当处于所述闭合位置时通过电阻元件将所述电池组的阳极电连接到所述电池组的阴极。
15.根据权利要求8所述的外科系统,其中所述多个电芯包括选自组CR123电芯和CR2电芯中的至少一种电芯。
16.根据权利要求8所述的外科系统,其中所述电池组还包括紧邻所述第一开关定位的离合器,其中所述离合器具有接合状态和释放状态,其中所述离合器被定位成当处于所述接合状态时防止所述第一开关从所述打开位置转换到所述闭合位置,并且其中所述离合器包括键控闩锁,所述键控闩锁用于将所述离合器从所述接合状态转换到所述释放状态。
17.一种外科系统,包括:
电池组,其中所述电池组包括:
多个电芯,其中所述多个电芯中的至少一部分彼此不电连接;
限定内部腔体的壳体,所述内部腔体具有至少一个内部腔体壁,其中所述至少一个内部腔体壁包括电连接到所述电池组的阳极的第一电极以及电连接到所述电池组的阴极的第二电极;
定位在所述内部腔体内的电池漏极,其中所述电池漏极包括彼此电连接的第一触点和第二触点,其中所述第一触点和第二触点与所述至少一个内部腔体壁接触,并且其中所述电池漏极能够被定位在第二位置和所述内部腔体内的第一位置,在所述第一位置处所述第一触点和第二触点不与所述第一电极和第二电极电接触,在所述第二位置处所述第一触点与所述第一电极电接触并且所述第二触点与所述第二电极电接触。
18.根据权利要求17所述的外科系统,其中所述第一触点和第二触点通过电阻元件彼此电连接。
19.根据权利要求17所述的外科系统,其中所述电池组还包括至少一个扣锁构件,所述扣锁构件被定位成接合所述第一触点和所述第二触点中的至少之一以将所述电池漏极保持在所述第一位置。
20.根据权利要求17所述的外科系统,还包括:
端部执行器;
操作地联接到所述端部执行器的柄部,其中所述柄部包括致动所述端部执行器的触发器,其中所述柄部限定用于容纳所述电池组的腔体,其中所述柄部包括连接器,所述连接器被定位成当所述电池组插入所述腔体中时使所述多个电芯彼此连接,并且其中所述柄部限定延伸构件,所述延伸构件被定位成当所述电池组插入所述腔体中时接触所述电池漏极以将所述电池漏极推到所述第二位置。
21.根据权利要求20所述的外科系统,其中所述端部执行器包括至少一个工具,所述工具选自包括以下各项的组:切割器、抱握器、装订器、RF密封工具和超声工具。
22.根据权利要求17所述的外科系统,其中所述多个电芯包括选自组CR123电芯和CR2电芯中的至少一种电芯。
23.一种外科器械,包括:
端部执行器;
操作地联接到所述端部执行器的柄部,其中所述柄部包括致动所述端部执行器的触发器,其中所述柄部限定腔体;
定位在所述腔体内的电池组,其中所述电池组与所述柄部和所述端部执行器中的至少之一电接触,并且其中所述电池组包括:
壳体;和
多个电芯;和
可运动凸块,其中所述可运动凸块具有第一位置和第二位置,在所述第一位置所述可运动凸块电隔离所述多个电芯中的至少一部分,在所述第二位置所述可运动凸块不电隔离所述多个电芯。
24.根据权利要求23所述的外科器械,其中所述柄部还包括定位在第一腔体内并且与所述可运动凸块对准的钩结构,其中所述钩结构被定位成当所述电池组插入所述腔体中时使所述可运动凸块从所述第一位置转换到所述第二位置。
25.根据权利要求23所述的外科器械,其中所述端部执行器包括至少一个工具,所述工具选自包括以下各项的组:切割器、抱握器、装订器、RF密封工具和超声工具。
26.根据权利要求23所述的外科器械,其中第一组多个电芯包括选自组CR123电芯和CR2电芯中的至少一种电芯。
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US12/884,838 US9289212B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Surgical instruments and batteries for surgical instruments |
US12/884,838 | 2010-09-17 | ||
PCT/US2011/051366 WO2012037103A2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2011-09-13 | Surgical instruments and batteries for surgical instruments |
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2010
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2011
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AU2011302279A1 (en) | 2013-05-02 |
BR112013006416A2 (pt) | 2016-07-26 |
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CA2811563A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
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CA2811563C (en) | 2019-01-08 |
EP2615985B1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
JP6121328B2 (ja) | 2017-04-26 |
BR112013006416B1 (pt) | 2021-03-09 |
AU2014202718A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
US9289212B2 (en) | 2016-03-22 |
US20130324982A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 |
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