CN103278150B - A kind of light of detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method - Google Patents

A kind of light of detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method Download PDF

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CN103278150B
CN103278150B CN201310171187.7A CN201310171187A CN103278150B CN 103278150 B CN103278150 B CN 103278150B CN 201310171187 A CN201310171187 A CN 201310171187A CN 103278150 B CN103278150 B CN 103278150B
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microwave
frequency
coupler
photo
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CN103278150A (en
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宋开臣
于晋龙
叶凌云
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C19/00Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
    • G01C19/58Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
    • G01C19/64Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
    • G01C19/72Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
    • G01C19/721Details

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Gyroscopes (AREA)

Abstract

The light that the invention discloses a kind of detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method.The present invention realizes a kind of bi-directional light electrical oscillator, utilizes phase locking frequency multiplying technology to produce along the microwave against two-way high stability in fiber optic loop, for measuring the method for angular velocity of rotation.Its core is to adopt frequency locking technology, by the microwave oscillation Frequency Locking in a direction on high stability standard time reference source, the relative chamber stabilizing another direction optical-electronic oscillator is long, eliminate temperature drift and the optics parasitic noise of optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, drastically increase by Sagnac effect (Sagnac? the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the bi-directional oscillating difference frequency signal effect) caused.The light of detection angle speed of the present invention carries microwave gyroscope method and has the features such as measuring accuracy is high, easy realization.

Description

A kind of light of detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method
Technical field
The invention belongs to high accuracy gyroscope technical field, the light particularly relating to a kind of detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method.
Background technology
In inertial navigation field, gyroscope is normally adopted to detect carrier angular velocity of rotation.Gyroscope is widely used in the Guidance and control such as spacecraft, aircraft, guided missile, submarine, naval vessel, and the precision measurement in the fields such as military affairs, industry, science plays an important role.Common high accuracy gyroscope instrument mainly contains three types: mechanical gyro, laser gyro and optical fibre gyro.Laser gyro and optical fibre gyro are all optical gyroscope, although degree of stability is no more than mechanical gyro, have compact conformation, sensitivity high, occupy most of market share of high accuracy gyroscope at present.
The principle of optical gyroscope detection angle speed is based on Sagnac effect (Sagnac effect).In closed light path, what sent by same light source produces different optical path differences along the two-beam that (CW) and counter clockwise direction (CCW) are transmitted clockwise due to rotation, thus produces phase differential or difference on the frequency.The method of interference type optical fiber gyroscope detection angle speed is the angular velocity of rotation that phase differential by detecting the two-beam that clockwise direction (CW) and counter clockwise direction (CCW) are transmitted determines closed light path.The method of conventional dry interferometric optical fibre gyro detection angle speed due to luminous power utilization factor low, the restriction such as temperature error, parasitic noise, its precision is difficult to further lifting.The method of resonance type optical gyroscope detection angle speed determines angular velocity of rotation by detection clockwise direction (CW) and counter clockwise direction (CCW) two-beam resonance frequency difference.Conventional resonance formula optical gyroscope mainly laser gyro and resonance type optical fiber gyro.Laser gyro is optical gyroscope the most ripe the earliest, is also the optical gyroscope that current precision is the highest, but the method shortcoming of this detection angle speed there is latch up effect, and system maintenance cost is high, and production difficulty is large.The fiber lengths that its advantage of method of resonance type optical fiber gyro detection angle speed mainly needs is short, be easy to microminiaturized, but very high to light source requirements, need the strong coherent source of arrowband live width, the resonance type optical fiber gyro measuring accuracy of current realization is lower, is difficult to reach practical.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the deficiency overcoming existing optical gyroscope detection angle speed method, provide a kind of light of detection angle speed to carry microwave gyroscope method.
The method that the present invention detects angular velocity of rotation comprises the following steps: a kind of light of detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method, it is characterized in that, the method is carried in microwave gyroscope at the light of detection angle speed and is realized, the light of described detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope and comprises the first laser instrument, beam splitter, first electrooptic modulator, first photo-coupler, frequency regulator, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, second photo-coupler, first photodetector, first electrical filter, first microwave power distributor, first electric amplifier, second electrooptic modulator, second photodetector, second electrical filter, second microwave power distributor, second electric amplifier, difference frequency testing circuit, frequency divider, standard time source, phase detector, the parts such as low-pass filter, the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the light that the first laser instrument exports is through beam splitter, be divided into two-beam, light beam along clockwise direction (CW) sends into the first electrooptic modulator, light after ovennodulation sends into the first photo-coupler, from first photo-coupler export light through frequency regulator laggard enter optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, the first photodetector is sent into through the second photo-coupler again from the light of ring cavity outgoing, convert light signal to electric signal, send into the first electrical filter afterwards, filtered microwave telecommunication number sends into the first microwave power distributor, first microwave power distributor has two-way to export, the first via exports and is connected to the first electrooptic modulator through electric amplifier, form a positive feedback oscillation loop, second tunnel exports and exports as clockwise direction resonant microwave, represent with RF#1.
Step 2, the another light beam that beam splitter separates in the counterclockwise direction (CCW) sends into the second electrooptic modulator, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity is entered again through the second photo-coupler, the second photodetector is sent into through frequency regulator and the first photo-coupler again from the light of ring cavity outgoing, convert light signal to electric signal, send into the second electrical filter afterwards, filtered microwave telecommunication number sends into the second microwave power distributor, second microwave power distributor has three tunnels to export, the first via exports and is connected to the second electrooptic modulator through the second electric amplifier, form another positive feedback oscillation loop, second tunnel exports as exporting as clockwise direction resonant microwave, represent with RF#2, 3rd tunnel exports and together send into phase detector with standard time source after frequency divider frequency division, phase demodulation exports and be connected to frequency regulator after low-pass filter, for regulating resonance frequency, thus form a unidirectional Frequency-locked-loop.
Step 3, difference frequency testing circuit detect that the clockwise resonant microwave output RF#1 that step 1 obtains and the anticlockwise resonant microwave that step 2 obtains export the difference on the frequency of RF#2, i.e. beat frequency, is designated as .
Step 4, by following formula, angular velocity of rotation can be obtained
Wherein, sfor the area that annular light path is surrounded, λfor the wavelength that microwave oscillation centre frequency is corresponding, lfor ring cavity girth.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention is in conjunction with optical-electronic oscillator technology and conventional resonance optical gyroscope technology, and the light constructed based on the detection angle speed of Sagnac effect (Sagnac effect) principle carries microwave gyroscope method.The method obtains high stability microwave oscillation by optoelectronic oscillation in long optical fibers ring and replaces traditional optical generation, and for the measurement of angular velocity of rotation.The huge advantage of this method is that the frequency stability of microwave oscillation signal is high, can reach 10 -13, and a direction oscillation frequency can be locked onto on the higher standard time reference source of degree of stability, such as atomic clock, thus the relative chamber stabilizing another direction optical-electronic oscillator is long, eliminates temperature drift and the optics parasitic noise of optic fiber ring-shaped cavity.Meanwhile, the precision that the difference frequency of microwave signal detects can detect higher than optical difference frequency far away, and the former can detect difference on the frequency by amplifying the multiple methods such as frequency multiplication, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), and the latter is detected by photodetector, be thus limited to the size of luminous power, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is difficult to improve.Angular velocity detection method provided by the invention has the features such as measuring accuracy is high, easy realization, can meet the requirement of high accuracy gyroscope application.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of system that a kind of light applying detection angle speed of the present invention carries microwave gyroscope method;
Fig. 2 is the block diagram of system that the another kind of light applying detection angle speed of the present invention carries microwave gyroscope instrument method;
In figure, the first laser instrument 1, beam splitter 2, first electrooptic modulator 3, first photo-coupler 4, frequency regulator 5, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity 6, second photo-coupler 7, first photodetector 8, first electrical filter 9, first microwave power distributor 10, first electric amplifier 11, second electrooptic modulator 12, second photodetector 13, second electrical filter 14, second microwave power distributor 15, second electric amplifier 16, difference frequency testing circuit 17, frequency divider 18, standard time source 19, phase detector 20, low-pass filter 21, second laser 22.Bold portion represents that light path connects, and is light-path; Dotted portion indication circuit connects, and is electric pathway.
Embodiment
Measuring principle of the present invention is summarized as follows:
Laser instrument, electrooptic modulator, photo-coupler, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, photodetector, electrical filter, electric amplifier etc. are adopted to form two two-way regenerative feedback loops in the present invention, utilization modulation and bi-directional RF/microwave signal that filtering frequency-selecting is stablized, frequency spectrum is clean, for responsive angular velocity of rotation.Meanwhile, PHASE-LOCKED LOOP PLL TECHNIQUE is adopted, by feedback regulation control resonance frequency, by the RF/Microwave semaphore lock of the loop oscillation in one of them direction on High-precision standard time reference source.
The present invention is based on optoelectronic oscillation technology, belong to bi-directional light electric oscillation method.The interval of the oscillating loop starting of oscillation pattern of optical-electronic oscillator and fundamental frequency f b by loop, the time delay of light signal is determined, namely f b =1/ τ, wherein τfor amount of delay, by τ= nl/Cdetermine, wherein nfor optical fibre refractivity, lfor loop-length, cfor the light velocity.So when light path changes, the interval of starting of oscillation pattern changes, the resonant microwave frequency of output changes.When gyroscope is with angular velocity Ω r during rotation, the light that clockwise direction (CW) and counterclockwise (CCW) propagate causes optical path difference due to Sagnac effect (Sagnac effect):
Wherein l cw , l ccw for suitable anticlockwise light path, sfor the area that annular light path is surrounded, cfor the light velocity, Ω r for angular velocity of rotation.
The difference on the frequency of the resonant microwave that the suitable counterclockwise bi-directional light electric oscillation that Sagnac effect (Sagnac effect) causes exports is:
Wherein λfor the wavelength that microwave oscillation centre frequency is corresponding, lfor ring cavity girth.
So the RF/Microwave signal beat frequency exported by detecting forward and reverse vibration can realize the measurement of angular velocity of rotation.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1, a kind of concrete embodiment is described.The light of detection angle speed of the present invention carries microwave gyroscope method and carries in microwave gyroscope at the light of detection angle speed and realize, the light of described detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope and comprises the first laser instrument 1, beam splitter 2, first electrooptic modulator 3, first photo-coupler 4, frequency regulator 5, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity 6, second photo-coupler 7, first photodetector 8, first electrical filter 9, first microwave power distributor 10, first electric amplifier 11, second electrooptic modulator 12, second photodetector 13, second electrical filter 14, second microwave power distributor 15, second electric amplifier 16, difference frequency testing circuit 17, frequency divider 18, standard time source 19, phase detector 20, the parts such as low-pass filter 21.
The method comprises the following steps:
1, the light that first laser instrument 1 exports is through beam splitter 2, be divided into two-beam, light beam along clockwise direction (CW) sends into the first electrooptic modulator 3, light after ovennodulation sends into the first photo-coupler 4, from first photo-coupler 4 export light through frequency regulator 5 laggard enter optic fiber ring-shaped cavity 6, the first photodetector 8 is sent into through the second photo-coupler 7 again from the light of ring cavity outgoing, convert light signal to electric signal, send into the first electrical filter 9 afterwards, filtered microwave telecommunication number sends into the first microwave power distributor 10, first microwave power distributor 10 has two-way to export, the first via exports and is connected to the first electrooptic modulator 3 through electric amplifier 11, form a positive feedback oscillation loop, second tunnel exports and exports as clockwise direction resonant microwave, represent with RF#1.
2, the another light beam that beam splitter 2 separates in the counterclockwise direction (CCW) sends into the second electrooptic modulator 12, optic fiber ring-shaped cavity 6 is entered again through the second photo-coupler 7, the second photodetector 13 is sent into through frequency regulator 5 and the first photo-coupler 4 again from the light of ring cavity outgoing, convert light signal to electric signal, send into the second electrical filter 14 afterwards, filtered microwave telecommunication number sends into the second microwave power distributor 15, second microwave power distributor 15 has three tunnels to export, the first via exports and is connected to the second electrooptic modulator 12 through the second electric amplifier 16, form another positive feedback oscillation loop, second tunnel exports as exporting as clockwise direction resonant microwave, represent with RF#2, 3rd tunnel exports and together send into phase detector 20 with standard time source 19 after frequency divider 18 frequency division, phase demodulation exports and be connected to frequency regulator 5 after low-pass filter 21, for regulating resonance frequency, thus form a unidirectional Frequency-locked-loop.
3, difference frequency testing circuit 17 detects that the clockwise resonant microwave output RF#1 that step 1 obtains and the anticlockwise resonant microwave that step 2 obtains export the difference on the frequency of RF#2, i.e. beat frequency, is designated as .
4, by following formula, angular velocity of rotation can be obtained
Wherein, sfor the area that annular light path is surrounded, λfor the wavelength that microwave oscillation centre frequency is corresponding, lfor ring cavity girth.
Accompanying drawing 2 is systems that the light of the second application detection angle speed of the present invention carries microwave gyroscope method, with the difference of the first embodiment be, along counterclockwise input light by two independently laser instrument provide, the annexation of remainder is identical with the course of work.
Those skilled in the art person can be easy to, not departing under the thought of the present invention and range of condition that claims limits, can make multiple change and change according to text description provided by the present invention, accompanying drawing and claims.Every above-described embodiment is carried out according to technological thought of the present invention and essence any amendment, equivalent variations, all belong within protection domain that claim of the present invention limits.

Claims (1)

1. the light of a detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method, it is characterized in that, the method is carried in microwave gyroscope at the light of detection angle speed and is realized, the light of described detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope and comprises the first laser instrument (1), beam splitter (2), first electrooptic modulator (3), first photo-coupler (4), frequency regulator (5), optic fiber ring-shaped cavity (6), second photo-coupler (7), first photodetector (8), first electrical filter (9), first microwave power distributor (10), first electric amplifier (11), second electrooptic modulator (12), second photodetector (13), second electrical filter (14), second microwave power distributor (15), second electric amplifier (16), difference frequency testing circuit (17), frequency divider (18), standard time source (19), phase detector (20), low-pass filter (21), the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the light that the first laser instrument 1 exports is through beam splitter (2), be divided into two-beam, light beam along clockwise direction (CW) sends into the first electrooptic modulator (3), light after ovennodulation sends into the first photo-coupler (4), the light exported from the first photo-coupler (4) through frequency regulator (5) laggard enter optic fiber ring-shaped cavity (6), the first photodetector (8) is sent into through the second photo-coupler (7) again from the light of ring cavity outgoing, convert light signal to electric signal, send into the first electrical filter (9) afterwards, filtered microwave telecommunication number sends into the first microwave power distributor (10), first microwave power distributor (10) has two-way to export, the first via exports and is connected to the first electrooptic modulator (3) through the first electric amplifier (11), form a positive feedback oscillation loop, second tunnel exports and exports as clockwise direction resonant microwave, represent with RF#1,
Step 2, the another light beam that beam splitter (2) separates in the counterclockwise direction (CCW) sends into the second electrooptic modulator (12), optic fiber ring-shaped cavity (6) is entered again through the second photo-coupler (7), the second photodetector (13) is sent into through frequency regulator (5) and the first photo-coupler (4) again from the light of ring cavity outgoing, convert light signal to electric signal, send into the second electrical filter (14) afterwards, filtered microwave telecommunication number sends into the second microwave power distributor (15), second microwave power distributor (15) has three tunnels to export, the first via exports and is connected to the second electrooptic modulator (12) through the second electric amplifier (16), form another positive feedback oscillation loop, second tunnel exports as exporting as clockwise direction resonant microwave, represent with RF#2, 3rd tunnel exports and together send into phase detector (20) with standard time source (19) after frequency divider (18) frequency division, phase demodulation exports and be connected to frequency regulator (5) after low-pass filter (21), for regulating resonance frequency, thus form a unidirectional Frequency-locked-loop,
Step 3, difference frequency testing circuit (17) detect that the clockwise resonant microwave output RF#1 that step 1 obtains and the anticlockwise resonant microwave that step 2 obtains export the difference on the frequency of RF#2, i.e. beat frequency, is designated as Δ f;
Step 4, by following formula, angular velocity of rotation Ω can be obtained r
Ω r = λ L 4 S Δ f ;
Wherein, S is the area that annular light path is surrounded, and λ is wavelength corresponding to microwave oscillation centre frequency, and L is ring cavity girth.
CN201310171187.7A 2013-05-10 2013-05-10 A kind of light of detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method Active CN103278150B (en)

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CN103278150B (en) * 2013-05-10 2015-10-28 浙江大学 A kind of light of detection angle speed carries microwave gyroscope method
CN103471579B (en) * 2013-09-29 2016-02-17 浙江大学 A kind of angular velocity detection method adopting two-way full reciprocity coupling light electrical oscillator
CN107941754B (en) * 2017-11-14 2021-06-01 陈志忠 Method for measuring refractive index of gas
CN108614126B (en) * 2018-05-30 2019-10-18 北京交通大学 Angular velocity measurement device and method based on wideband adjustable optical-electronic oscillator
CN109323690B (en) * 2018-10-31 2020-12-01 浙江大学 Polarization-preserving full-reciprocity bidirectional optical carrier microwave resonance system and angular velocity detection method thereof
WO2020087422A1 (en) * 2018-10-31 2020-05-07 浙江大学 Polarization-maintaining fully-reciprocal bi-directional optical carrier microwave resonance system and angular velocity measurement method thereof
CN109357672B (en) * 2018-10-31 2020-11-27 浙江大学 Two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system based on circulator structure and method for detecting angular velocity of two-way optical carrier microwave resonance system
EP3875903B1 (en) * 2018-10-31 2023-09-13 Zhejiang University Bidirectional optical-carrying microwave resonance system based on circulator structure and method for detecting angular velocity by said system
CN113418520B (en) * 2021-07-09 2022-12-13 赛德雷特(珠海)航天科技有限公司 Device and method for measuring working angular rate of electromagnetic gyroscope based on complementary voltage-controlled oscillator

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