CN102944535A - Monitoring method for layering condition of whole blood in centrifugal cup and photoelectric sensing device - Google Patents
Monitoring method for layering condition of whole blood in centrifugal cup and photoelectric sensing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944535A CN102944535A CN2012105018981A CN201210501898A CN102944535A CN 102944535 A CN102944535 A CN 102944535A CN 2012105018981 A CN2012105018981 A CN 2012105018981A CN 201210501898 A CN201210501898 A CN 201210501898A CN 102944535 A CN102944535 A CN 102944535A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a monitoring method for a layering condition of whole blood in a centrifugal cup and a photoelectric sensing device. The monitoring method is used for detecting different blood layers in the centrifugal cup. The device provided by the invention comprises an optical transmitter, an optical receiver and an electronic circuit; the electronic circuit is composed of a light source driving module and a photoelectric signal processing module; the light source driving module is connected to the optical transmitter; the photoelectric signal processing module is connected to the optical receiver; a certain included angle is formed between the axis of the optical transmitter and the axis of the optical receiver; the optical transmitter is driven by the light source driving module to transmit a detecting light beam to the detecting region on the shoulder of the centrifugal cup; diffuse reflection light of the blood layer in the centrifugal cup is used as signal light to be received by the optical receiver, and a photoelectric signal is output and analyzed and processed by the photoelectric signal processing module; and a red blood cell layer is judged by an analyzing and processing module by using a slope detection method. The method and device provided by the invention can be used for reducing the light loss, increasing the utilization ratio of light energy, and further increasing the signal to noise ratio of a sensor and improving the adaptability of the sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to blood processing apparatus, specially refer to the photoelectric sensing apparatus spare that is used for surveying blood layer in the Centrifuge Cup in the centrifugal blood separation equipment.
Background technology
In the process of using Centrifuge Cup that blood constituent is separated, need to utilize and survey the best opportunity that surveillance technology judges that the blood component separation finishes, and implement corresponding automated control operation.For example, in the blood plasma collecting instrument, need to judge the best opportunity that sampled plasma finishes with sensor.In self-blood reclaiming device, need to utilize sensor to judge whether red blood cell is filled in the Centrifuge Cup, prevents that red blood cell from overflowing.
In the centrifugal blood detachment process, various blood constituents cause them to be formed separately from each other the blood layer because proportion is different thereby centrifugal force that be subject to varies in size, and the outside is red red blood cell layer, the inboard is flaxen plasma layer, and middle thinner one deck is called tunica albuginea layer (mainly containing leucocyte).Usually adopt the non-contact optoelectronic sensing technology to survey different blood constituents.The principle of this technology is: utilize light reflection or the transmissison characteristic difference of blood constituent, realize difference to blood constituent by the variation of surveying and analyze photosignal.The detecting strategy that existing Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus adopts mainly contains following several.
1. use catoptron and coaxial optical fiber leaded light, transmit and receive common light path, namely adopt same lens to realize spotlighting and light harvesting detection.This scheme as shown in Figure 1, Emission Lasers is radiated on the Centrifuge Cup 01 behind lens 03 and catoptron 02 through being positioned at the simple optical fiber 05a conduction of coaxial optical fiber 04 central authorities again., behind catoptron 02 and lens 03, be focused at and be positioned on the discrete multifiber 05b that distributes of coaxial optical fiber 04 periphery from the flashlight of Centrifuge Cup 01, after conduction, received by light activated element.
2. the use spectroscope transmits and receives not altogether light path.This scheme as shown in Figure 2, the optical transmitting set 06 that is made of light source and lens is placed on a side of spectroscope 07, the oblique fire of emission light beam is on spectroscope 07, its reflecting part shines on the detection of a target blood layer 08, again behind spectroscope 07, its transmissive portion is received by the light activated element 09 that is placed on spectroscope 07 opposite side from the flashlight of target blood layer 08.
Above-mentioned two kinds of Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus all are mounted on the centrifugal borehole wall, and sensor is away from light detecting area because receiving light path is long, the flashlight that receives a little less than.In addition, the signal intensity that they receive also is subjected to the restriction of Centrifuge Cup shape, if receiving light path and Centrifuge Cup shoulder detecting area surface normal angle are very large, a little less than the reflection that the party makes progress, so that the signal intensity that detects is fainter.For the scheme that adopts optical fiber light-guiding, although its profile is small and exquisite, assembling is complicated, and also there are the loss of luminous energy in the optically-coupled between light source and the optical fiber and crooked optical fiber itself.In addition, owing to transmit and receive common light path, the parasitic light that utilizing emitted light produces easily seals in the flashlight, thereby reduces the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of photosignal.For adopting spectroscopical scheme, although utilizing emitted light does not produce interference to flashlight, because light splitting causes optical energy loss very large, utilization ratio of optical energy is very low.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, a kind of new monitoring method and and Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus are provided.Method and apparatus of the present invention is intended to reduce the loss of light, improves the utilization factor of luminous energy, and then improves the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of sensor, the more important thing is and wants so that this sensor simple in structure can be applicable to the Centrifuge Cup of difformity structure, improves its adaptability.
Method of the present invention be with light wave as information carrier, with diffusing as flashlight of blood layer, this flashlight is collected by photodetector and is converted into electric signal, with this electric signal as the analyzing and processing object.Because each blood layer has different reflection characteristics, plasma layer is relatively the most weak, the tunica albuginea layer is relatively the strongest, the red blood cell layer mediates, the flashlight that they produce and corresponding photosignal intensity difference, can realize the detection of different blood layers is distinguished by the Strength Changes of analyzing photosignal, detecting the red blood cell layer, and then speed and the time of blood are advanced in control.
The monitoring method of whole blood layering situation in a kind of Centrifuge Cup, it is characterized in that, the method is to inject whole blood by host computer control infusion pump and valve in Centrifuge Cup, send detecting light beam by a light emitting members and shine search coverage on described Centrifuge Cup, this search coverage is the shoulder of Centrifuge Cup, and the whole blood that enters in the Centrifuge Cup diffuses because the formed plasma layer of centrifugal rotation, tunica albuginea layer and red blood cell layer also produce detecting light beam respectively by search coverage successively; Receive diffusing of different blood layers by a light-receiving member, be converted into electric signal via diffusing of will receiving of a photoelectric conversion part; Transfer to the analysis module of main frame after described electric signal is processed via an electronic circuit module, and by this electric signal of analysis module computing to judge whether to detect the red blood cell layer, main frame is according to the pump speed of judged result control infusion pump and the folding of valve; Described analysis and processing module is processed electric signal and is adopted the slope diagnostic method, and this diagnostic method is to differentiate whether detect the red blood cell layer according to the threshold ratio of one or more slope value and setting.
In Centrifuge Cup of the present invention in the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation, analyzing and processing is the slope diagnostic method in the described analysis module, this diagnostic method is that the single-point slope is judged, its process is: the photosignal sampled value of record unit time, calculate the variable quantity of each sampled value within the unit interval, the i.e. slope of this sampled point is if the slope value K that calculates then is judged as and detects the red blood cell layer greater than default fiducial value D1.
In Centrifuge Cup of the present invention in the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation, analyzing and processing is the slope diagnostic method in the described analysis module, this diagnostic method is that 2 slopes are judged, its process is: the photosignal sampled value of record unit time, calculate the variable quantity of each sampled value within the unit interval, i.e. the slope of this sampled point, the starting stage of judging, default aggregate-value A is 0, and as the slope value K that calculates during greater than default fiducial value D2, aggregate-value A adds 1; When slope value less than zero the time, aggregate-value A makes zero, and as aggregate-value A during greater than default threshold value, is judged to be and detects the red blood cell layer.
In Centrifuge Cup of the present invention in the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation, analyzing and processing is the slope diagnostic method in the described analysis module, this diagnostic method is that the multiple spot slope is judged, its process is: the photosignal sampled value of record unit time, calculate the variable quantity of each sampled value within the unit interval, the i.e. slope of this sampled point, the starting stage of judging, default two fiducial value D3 and D4 and an aggregate-value A, wherein aggregate-value A is 0, fiducial value D3 is less than fiducial value D4, and when the slope value that calculates during greater than fiducial value D3 and less than fiducial value D4, aggregate-value A adds 1; When the slope value that calculates during greater than fiducial value D4, aggregate-value A adds c, 1＜c＜10, when the slope value that calculates less than 0 the time, aggregate-value A makes zero; As aggregate-value A during greater than default threshold value, judge and detect the red blood cell layer.
In Centrifuge Cup of the present invention in the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation, processing the electric signal method at described analysis module is that the slope diagnostic method is also used simultaneously the amplitude diagnostic method is arranged, the amplitude diagnostic method is to determine first a baseline, surpass threshold value and then think and detect the red blood cell layer when amplitude and baseline are poor, any diagnostic method detects first the red blood cell layer in amplitude diagnostic method and the slope diagnostic method, and main frame is according to can judged result controlling the pump speed of infusion pump and the folding of valve.
A kind of photoelectric sensing apparatus for the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation in the Centrifuge Cup, it is characterized in that, described Centrifuge Cup and photoelectric sensing apparatus are installed in the centrifugal well that can weaken ambient light impact, described photoelectric sensing apparatus is installed in Centrifuge Cup head fixed head below, this photoelectric sensing apparatus includes optical transmitting set, optical receiver and electronic circuit, the axis of described optical transmitting set and optical receiver is in the same plane, and the angle that is 20～40 degree between the axis of optical transmitting set and optical receiver, the surface normal angle of the axis of described optical receiver and search coverage are 0～20 degree; Described electronic circuit includes light source driver module and Photoelectric Signal Processing module, described light source driver module connects described optical transmitting set, the Photoelectric Signal Processing module connects described optical receiver, the detecting light beam that described optical transmitting set sends exposes to the search coverage that is positioned at the Centrifuge Cup shoulder, the blood layer produces in the Centrifuge Cup diffuses and is received and be converted into electric signal transmission to the Photoelectric Signal Processing module that is positioned at main frame by optical receiver, by this this electric signal of Photoelectric Signal Processing resume module and the conveying of the signal after will processing main frame.
In Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention, described optical transmitting set is comprised of light source and the convergent lens that is positioned at light source the place ahead, described light source is LED or for laser diode, and described light source sends wavelength and is in red visible light between 600～770 nm; Described optical receiver comprises receiver lens and is positioned at the light activated element at receiver lens rear; Described light activated element is photodiode or for phototriode or for photoelectric cell.
Based on technique scheme, monitoring method and the Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of whole blood layering situation compared with prior art have following technological merit in the Centrifuge Cup of the present invention:
1. the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation employing diffuse reflection in the sealing hydro-extractor receives the blood layer signal and judges whether monitor the red blood cell layer through multiple analysis in the Centrifuge Cup of the present invention, and then the pump speed of infusion pump and the switching of valve in the main control system, thereby for the supply situation of whole blood and follow-up further processing provide the control foundation, reach the purpose of accurate control centrifuging.
2. Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention is installed to the below of Centrifuge Cup head fixed head, and take to make the simple structure of optical transmitting set and optical receiver distribution in a certain angle, do not use optical fiber and spectroscope, avoided because the luminous energy loss problem that optical fiber and spectroscope cause, and utilizing emitted light and flashlight can the phase mutual interference, has improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of photosignal.
3. Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention diffusing as signal with the blood layer, and the surface normal that makes optical receiver and surveyed area at an angle, so that received signal strength is not subjected to the restriction of Centrifuge Cup shape and structure, both can be used for the taper Centrifuge Cup and also can be used for the cydariform Centrifuge Cup, improved its applicability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus structural representation that utilizes fiber optic conduction of prior art.
Fig. 2 is a kind of Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus structural representation that utilizes the spectroscope conduction of prior art.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the installation site synoptic diagram of Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 5 whole blood enters the view when the photoelectric sensing apparatus sensing point is passed through in each layering successively in the Centrifuge Cup process.
Fig. 6 whole blood enters the theory curve of the numerical value change of each layering that photoelectric sensing apparatus detects in the Centrifuge Cup process.
Fig. 7 whole blood enters the amplitude change curve of each layering that photoelectric sensing apparatus detects in the Centrifuge Cup process.
Fig. 8 is the slope time history plot that the photosignal amplitude obtains after through 5 slope calculation methods.
Fig. 9 is the aggregate-value time history plot that draws with continuous multiple spot slope determining method.
Embodiment
Below we come Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention done further with specific embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings and elaborate; structure in the hope of the detailed process of understanding the inventive method and photoelectric sensing apparatus more clearly forms, but can not limit protection domain of the present invention with this.
As information carrier, with diffusing as flashlight of blood layer, collected by photodetector and be converted into electric signal by this flashlight with light wave for method of the present invention, with this electric signal as the analyzing and processing object.Because each blood layer has different reflection characteristics, plasma layer is relatively the most weak, the tunica albuginea layer is relatively the strongest, the red blood cell layer mediates, and the flashlight that they produce and corresponding photosignal intensity difference can realize the detection of different blood layers is distinguished by the Strength Changes of analyzing photosignal.
The monitoring method of whole blood layering situation is to inject whole blood by host computer control infusion pump and valve in Centrifuge Cup in the Centrifuge Cup of the present invention, send detecting light beam by a light emitting members and shine search coverage on described Centrifuge Cup, this search coverage is the shoulder of Centrifuge Cup, and the whole blood that enters in the Centrifuge Cup diffuses because the formed plasma layer of centrifugal rotation, tunica albuginea layer and red blood cell layer also produce detecting light beam respectively by search coverage successively; Receive diffusing of different blood layers by a light-receiving member, be converted into electric signal via diffusing of will receiving of a photoelectric conversion part; After processing via an electronic circuit module, described electric signal transfers to the analysis module of main frame, and by this electric signal of analysis module computing to judge whether to detect the red blood cell layer, analysis and processing module is processed electric signal and is adopted the slope diagnostic method, this diagnostic method is to differentiate whether detect the red blood cell layer according to the threshold ratio of one or more slope value and setting, and whether the main frame foundation detects the judged result of red blood cell layer and control the pump speed of infusion pump and the folding of valve.
When blood carried out component separating in Centrifuge Cup, the photosignal of photoelectric sensing apparatus can exist various noises and variation owing to following reason: mechanical shock produces periodic noise; Electronic noise produces acyclic random noise; Light source is decayed because luminescent device is aging, so that signal integral body weakens; Optical receiving set spare is because the pollutions such as dust cause that signal integral body weakens; Different blood is because the difference of haemolysis situation is different to scattering of light, so that plasma signal is different with the amplitude difference of red blood cell layer signal; Centrifuge Cup surface smoothness, thickness difference or inhomogeneous, different or inhomogeneous to scattering of light, so that the whole baseline of signal changes; Ambient light produces sensor and disturbs, so that the whole baseline of signal uprises; Advance the difference of blood speed, the difference of blood rbc hematocrit ratio causes that minute aspect is different by the speed of monitoring point, and the pace of change of signal is different.Therefore, for the time of judging that timely and accurately the red blood cell layer arrives, need with using specific evaluation algorithm.
Analysis module in the above-mentioned main frame is processed the electric signal method can be independent slope diagnostic method, also can be independent amplitude diagnostic method.Also or the combination of slope diagnostic method and amplitude diagnostic method, as long as one of them method determines the red blood cell layer, i.e. exportable control signal.
For the slope diagnostic method, its roughly method be: (1) calculates the slope on the every bit, when slope surpasses a fixing threshold value, is judged to be and detects the red blood cell layer; (2) calculate slope on the every bit, when the slope of continuous several points all surpasses a fixing threshold value, be judged to be and detect the red blood cell layer; (3) calculate slope on the every bit, when the slope of continuous several points all be on the occasion of and the accumulated value of slope when surpassing a fixing threshold value, be judged to be and detect the red blood cell layer.
For the amplitude diagnostic method, its roughly method be: (1) determines first baseline, when the difference of amplitude and baseline during above a fixing threshold value, is judged to be and detects the red blood cell layer; (2) on the basis of (1), threshold value is unfixing, and threshold size progressively reduces in time.
Below we are described in detail respectively for above-mentioned slope diagnostic method and amplitude diagnostic method:
One, slope diagnostic method:
In the slope diagnostic method, at first calculate the slope of each sampled signal, also be the change amount signal in the unit interval, slope calculations can with 2 computing methods, also can be used the multiple spot computing method.
2 computing methods:
5 computing methods:
After calculating every slope, can differentiate the red blood cell layer with following methods:
1) single-point slope determining method: according to every slope Δ p/ Δ t as judgment value.Work as judgment value
Greater than decision content D1(5≤D1≤300 mv/s) time, can be judged as and detect the erythrocyte layer.
2) continuous multiple spot slope determining method: according to every slope
As judgment value.In the starting stage of judging, default aggregate-value A is 0, works as slope
Greater than D2(1≤D2≤30 mv/s) time, aggregate-value A adds 1; Work as average gradient
Less than 0 o'clock, aggregate-value A set to 0; When aggregate-value A greater than threshold values N(5≤N≤50) time, can be judged as and detect the erythrocyte layer.
3) continuous multiple spot slope value accumulation determining method: according to every slope
As judgment value.Judge starting stage, default aggregate-value A is 0, works as slope
Greater than D3(1≤D3≤30 mv/s) and less than D4(5≤D4≤100 mv/s, during D3≤D4), aggregate-value A adds 1; Work as slope
During greater than D4, aggregate-value A adds m(1＜m＜10); When slope Δ p/ Δ t less than 0 the time, aggregate-value A sets to 0; When aggregate-value A greater than threshold values N(5≤D≤50) time, can be judged as and detect the erythrocyte layer.
Two, amplitude diagnostic method:
1) first step, baseline is judged.The photosignal sampled value of record unit time, and the mean value that calculates every continuously n (3≤n≤10) sampling is as judgment value.In the starting stage of judging, the mean value of n point sampling before at first calculating according to formula
And standard deviation
:
If the number percent of the standard deviation of gained and mean value
Less than 10%, mean value then
As baseline, σ is as baseline standard deviation; If instead number percent
Greater than 10%, first sampled point of jettisoning P then
0, introduce lower some P
nCalculate the mean value of next group n point sampling
And standard deviation sigma:
If the standard deviation that calculate this moment and the number percent of mean value
Still greater than 10%, then continue to do the mean value of next group n point sampling and the calculating of standard deviation, until number percent
Less than 10%, and average
As baseline,
As baseline standard deviation.
2) second step, the red blood cell layer is differentiated.After baseline was determined, the mean value that continues the every m point of calculating (1≤m≤5) sampling compared differentiation as judgment value and baseline value.Method of discrimination can have following:
A kind of mode is that fixed threshold is judged during judgement: when judgment value and baseline value
Difference be baseline standard deviation
N when doubly (3≤N≤10) are above, can be judged as and detect the erythrocyte layer.
Also having a kind of mode during judgement is that dynamic threshold is judged: at 0～T in the time period, when judgment value and baseline value
Difference be baseline standard deviation
N1 when doubly (3≤N1≤20) are above, can be judged as and detect the erythrocyte layer; As not detecting the red blood cell layer in the time period at 0～T, then at T～2T in the time period, when judgment value and baseline value
Difference be baseline standard deviation
N2 when doubly (2≤N2≤20) are above, just can be judged as and detect the erythrocyte layer.As not detecting the red blood cell layer in the time period at T～2T, then at 2T～3T in the time period, when judgment value and baseline value yet
Difference be baseline standard deviation
N3 when doubly (1≤N3≤20) are above, can be judged as and detect the erythrocyte layer.The like, until find the erythrocyte layer.Wherein, N3≤N2≤N1 also is that decision threshold reduces in time gradually.
In the above-mentioned differentiation algorithm, the method advantage that amplitude is differentiated is that calculated amount is little, in case baseline is definite, and can be according to the direct judge of current sampled value.When shortcoming is to determine baseline, responsive to noise ratio, when noise is large, be difficult for determining baseline value.And when because light source weakens, or owing to polluted on the optical receiver, cause when background signal and red blood cell signal reduce simultaneously, when also being the signal overall attenuation, may cause that erroneous judgement or judging point delay.The slope diagnostic method uses the rate of change of signal as basis for estimation, owing to during red blood cell layer process check point, will inevitably cause the quick variation of signal, therefore not need to determine baseline, and be not subjected to the impact of signal overall attenuation, therefore can be called the method for discrimination that the slope diagnostic method is a kind of optimization.
In actual use, two kinds of methods can be used simultaneously, as long as wherein a kind of method determines the red blood cell layer, namely be thought to detect and finish, to improve the correct judgment of red blood cell layer.
The design of photoelectric sensing apparatus in the present invention is made of following three service parts:
1. optical transmitting set: its task is that the emission detection light beam is as information carrier.
2. optical receiver: its task is to collect flashlight and be converted into electric signal.
3. electronic circuit: it comprises light source driving circuit and photoelectric signal processing circuit, and they are connected with optical receiver with optical transmitting set respectively.Wherein, light source driving circuit is used for driving the light source of optical transmitting set; Photoelectric signal processing circuit is for the treatment of the photosignal of optical receiver output.
The photoelectric sensing apparatus that the present invention is used for whole blood layering condition monitoring in the Centrifuge Cup is installed in Centrifuge Cup head fixed head below.This photoelectric sensing apparatus includes optical transmitting set, optical receiver and electronic circuit, described electronic circuit includes light source driver module and Photoelectric Signal Processing module, described light source driver module connects described optical transmitting set, the Photoelectric Signal Processing module connects described optical receiver, the detecting light beam that described optical transmitting set sends exposes to the search coverage that is positioned at the Centrifuge Cup shoulder, the blood layer produces in the Centrifuge Cup diffuses and is received and be converted into electric signal transmission to the Photoelectric Signal Processing module that is positioned at main frame by optical receiver, is delivered on the infusion pump and valve that is connected with main frame by this this electric signal of Photoelectric Signal Processing resume module and with control signal.
For structure of the present invention and the concrete installation site on blood processing apparatus, we can find out obviously on Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 that wherein, Fig. 3 is the structural representation of Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention.Fig. 4 is the installation site synoptic diagram of Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention.The present invention is mainly concerned with a kind of Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus.Blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus is applied on the blood processing apparatus, for detection of with distinguish Centrifuge Cup in different blood layers.On different blood processing apparatus, the rotatable portion of Centrifuge Cup may there are differences, but fixed cup head part is identical, and all is to fix by gripping plate.Centrifuge Cup photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention is installed in Centrifuge Cup head fixed head below.Centrifuge Cup among the present invention and photoelectric sensing apparatus are installed in the centrifugal well of sealing of a maskable ambient light impact, can shield like this ambient light for the impact of surveying light, avoid causing erroneous judgement.
Photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention includes optical transmitting set, optical receiver and electronic circuit.The effect of optical transmitting set is to produce detecting light beam, and it is made of light source and convergent lens.Light source can adopt red LED, laser diode etc.; The divergent beams that convergent lens can send light source are converged to small light spot.The effect of optical receiver is detectable signal light and output photoelectric signal, and it is made of light activated element and receiver lens.Light activated element can be the photoelectric devices such as phototriode, photodiode, photoelectric cell.Electronic circuit comprises light source driving circuit and photoelectric signal processing circuit two parts, and they are connected with optical receiver with optical transmitting set respectively.Wherein, light source driving circuit is used for driving the light source of optical transmitting set, and photoelectric signal processing circuit is for the treatment of the photosignal of optical receiver output.Described light source is LED or for laser diode, and this light source sends as wavelength and is in red visible light between 600～770 nm.
Below Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention is fixed on Centrifuge Cup head fixed head, has certain distance with the Centrifuge Cup shoulder.The light beam irradiates that optical transmitting set sends is in the search coverage of Centrifuge Cup shoulder, and the normal angle of optical receiver axis and search coverage is 0～20 degree.The optical signals optical receiver that the reflection of Centrifuge Cup inner blood produces receives and is converted into photosignal.Above-mentioned optical transmitting set and optical receiver are in the same plane, and are the angle of 20～40 degree between the axis of optical transmitting set and optical receiver.
Above-mentioned electronic circuit includes light source driver module and Photoelectric Signal Processing module, optical receiver is connected on the Photoelectric Signal Processing module in the electronic circuit, and the light signal that optical receiver receives is converted into electric signal and is processed by the electronic signal process module; On light source driver module in the electronic circuit is connected in the optical transmitting set.
Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention is applicable to the Centrifuge Cup of different contour structures, and wherein one type Centrifuge Cup is the taper Centrifuge Cup, and its inner core is conical, and the Centrifuge Cup of another kind of type is the cydariform Centrifuge Cup, and its inner core is cylindrical.
Embodiment 1
The Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus of present embodiment comprises optical transmitting set, three parts of optical receiver and electronic circuit.As shown in Figure 5, photoelectric sensing apparatus is made of light source 1a, convergent lens 1b, receiver lens 3a, light activated element 3b, light source driving circuit 4a, photoelectric signal processing circuit 4b.Wherein light source 1a and convergent lens 1b are combined into optical transmitting set 4, and receiver lens 3a and light activated element 3b are combined into optical receiver 5, and light source driving circuit 4a and photoelectric signal processing circuit 4b are combined into electronic circuit.Optical transmitting set and optical receiver axis are positioned at same plane, and the angle between them is 30 degree.Above-mentioned light source 1a is that wavelength is the red visible light of 650nm.
The installation site of present embodiment Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus as shown in Figure 6, photoelectric sensing apparatus 5 is installed in for clamping and the fixing below of the fixed head 7 of Centrifuge Cup head 2b by support 6, optical receiver axis and detecting area surface normal angle are 10 degree.
In present embodiment Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus, light source 1a adopts red laser diode, and wavelength is 650nm, and convergent lens 1b and receiver lens 3a adopt glass lens.Laser diode is driven by light source driving circuit 4a and sends the laser beam that wavelength is 650nm, and light activated element 3b adopts phototriode.
When photoelectric sensing apparatus was worked, the laser beam of light source 1a emission was radiated at the shoulder 2a search coverage place of Centrifuge Cup 2 after convergent lens 1b assembles, and spot diameter is less than 0.5mm.The about 20mm of distance (detection range) between receiver lens 3a and the detection hot spot.
When blood carries out component separating in Centrifuge Cup, blood meeting separating layer blood plasma, tunica albuginea layer and red blood cell layer, along with pouring into blood plasma of blood driven out of, the various blood floor of separating will pass through the light beam detection district successively, their the generation received lens 3a that diffuses collects on the photosurface of phototriode 3b, the photosignal of its generation is imported into and carries out analyzing and processing among the photoelectric signal processing circuit 4b, and compares with threshold value.
Experiment shows, when in Centrifuge Cup, carrying out the centrifugal blood separation, air layer, plasma layer, tunica albuginea floor and red blood cell floor can be successively by light beam detection districts 10, its flow process demonstrates detected air 11, blood plasma 12, tunica albuginea layer 13 and the red blood cell layer 14 of being followed successively by of photoelectric sensor temporal evolution as shown in Figure 5 among Fig. 5.
On testing process basis shown in Figure 5, the detection light signal that detects through photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention is converted to after the photosignal, and the relation of photosignal value and disengaging time as shown in Figure 6.As seen from the figure, when initially-separate, what a phase detection arrived in Fig. 5 is air, photosignal corresponding A～B, in Fig. 5 the b phase detection to be the mixture of air and blood plasma, corresponding B～the D of photosignal, what the c phase detection arrived in Fig. 5 is plasma layer, the corresponding D～E of photosignal, in Fig. 5 the d phase detection to be the tunica albuginea layer, corresponding E～the F of photosignal, afterwards phase detection to be the red blood cell layer, the corresponding G of photosignal.Because the purpose of photoelectric sensing apparatus of the present invention detects erythrocytic amount in the Centrifuge Cup, make it reach required requirement and can stop again to Centrifuge Cup input whole blood.In practice, the photosignal value of the red blood cell layer that detects and the photosignal value of plasma layer differ greatly, so can at E～F stage setting threshold, stop to input whole blood in Centrifuge Cup in case can send instruction above threshold value.
As what point out in the inventive method, when blood carries out component separating in Centrifuge Cup, the photosignal of blood layer sensor can exist various noises and variation, the actual signal of measuring not is smooth curve shown in Figure 6, but the noisy curve of tool, as shown in Figure 7, so just need above-mentioned amplitude determining method or slope determining method to judge whether to detect the red blood cell layer.Fig. 7 shows is one its transverse axis is time shaft with the photosignal temporal evolution curve of random noise, and its longitudinal axis is the amplitude of photosignal.But because the interference of ambient light is arranged, signal base line is higher, can't detect the red blood cell interface with the amplitude method, can only come to judge whether detecting the red blood cell layer with Slope Method.We adopt first 5 Slope Methods to calculate its slope, the curve that draws as shown in Figure 8, it is the time dependent curve of slope that photosignal amplitude with Fig. 7 obtains after through 5 slope calculation methods.Fig. 9 then is the time dependent curve of aggregate-value that draws with continuous multiple spot slope determining method, can see that an aggregate-value obviously exceeds the position of other times point, namely is the time that the red blood cell layer arrives.Contrast Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 can find out, when the red blood cell layer arrives, amplitude has larger variation on the one hand, corresponding to is the rate of rise (show as on the occasion of) that continuous multiple spot is arranged in the sudden change position, uses multiple spot slope rule and can demonstrate more significantly the red blood cell layer from aggregate-value.
Use the determination methods that amplitude is differentiated and the slope differentiation is used simultaneously in the present embodiment.Amplitude is differentiated the use fixed threshold, gets n=8 when baseline is judged, namely calculates mean value and the standard deviation of continuous 8 sampled points; Get m=4 during differentiation, calculate the mean value of adjacent 4 sampled points; Compare threshold N=3 namely when the difference of signal value and baseline during greater than 3 times standard deviation, differentiates for detecting the red blood cell layer.The slope diagnostic method adopts continuous multiple spot slope diagnostic method, and slope calculations is used 5 computing methods, the slope fiducial value D2=30mv/s of setting, and accumulative total compare threshold N=5 namely when continuous 5 slope is arranged all greater than 30mv/s, is judged as and detects the red blood cell layer.
Undoubtedly; methods that the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation and photoelectric sensing apparatus also have other similarly to install and substitute except above-mentioned structure composition and method of discrimination in the Centrifuge Cup of the present invention; generally speaking, protection scope of the present invention also comprises other conversion that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that and substitutes.
Claims (7)
1. the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation in the Centrifuge Cup, it is characterized in that, the method is to inject whole blood by host computer control infusion pump and valve in Centrifuge Cup, send detecting light beam by a light emitting members and shine search coverage on described Centrifuge Cup, this search coverage is the shoulder of Centrifuge Cup, and the whole blood that enters in the Centrifuge Cup diffuses because the formed plasma layer of centrifugal rotation, tunica albuginea layer and red blood cell layer also produce detecting light beam respectively by search coverage successively; Receive diffusing of different blood layers by a light-receiving member, be converted into electric signal via diffusing of will receiving of a photoelectric conversion part; Transfer to the analysis module of main frame after described electric signal is processed via an electronic circuit module, and by this electric signal of analysis module computing to judge whether to detect the red blood cell layer, main frame is according to the pump speed of judged result control infusion pump and the folding of valve; Described analysis and processing module is processed electric signal and is adopted the slope diagnostic method, and this diagnostic method is to differentiate whether detect the red blood cell layer according to the threshold ratio of one or more slope value and setting.
2. the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation in a kind of Centrifuge Cup according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described analysis module during analyzing and processing process of slope diagnostic method be: the photosignal sampled value of record unit time, calculate the variable quantity of each sampled value within the unit interval, the i.e. slope of this sampled point, if the slope value K that calculates then is judged as and detects the red blood cell layer greater than default fiducial value D1.
3. the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation in a kind of Centrifuge Cup according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described analysis module during analyzing and processing process of slope diagnostic method be: the photosignal sampled value of record unit time, calculate the variable quantity of each sampled value within the unit interval, the i.e. slope of this sampled point, in the starting stage of judging, default aggregate-value A is 0, as the slope value K that calculates during greater than default fiducial value D2, aggregate-value A adds 1; When slope value less than zero the time, aggregate-value A makes zero, and as aggregate-value A during greater than default threshold value, is judged to be and detects the red blood cell layer.
4. the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation in a kind of Centrifuge Cup according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the described analysis module during analyzing and processing process of slope diagnostic method be: the photosignal sampled value of record unit time, calculate the variable quantity of each sampled value within the unit interval, the i.e. slope of this sampled point, the starting stage of judging, default two fiducial value D3 and D4 and an aggregate-value A, wherein aggregate-value A is 0, fiducial value D3 is less than fiducial value D4, when the slope value that calculates during greater than fiducial value D3 and less than fiducial value D4, aggregate-value A adds 1; When the slope value that calculates during greater than fiducial value D4, aggregate-value A adds c, 1＜c＜10, when the slope value that calculates less than 0 the time, aggregate-value A makes zero; As aggregate-value A during greater than default threshold value, judge and detect the red blood cell layer.
5. the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation in each described a kind of Centrifuge Cup according to claim 1～4, it is characterized in that, processing the electric signal method at described analysis module is that the slope diagnostic method is also used simultaneously the amplitude diagnostic method is arranged, the amplitude diagnostic method is to determine first a baseline, surpass threshold value and then think and detect the red blood cell layer when amplitude and baseline are poor, any diagnostic method detects first the red blood cell layer in amplitude diagnostic method and the slope diagnostic method, and main frame is according to can judged result controlling the pump speed of infusion pump and the folding of valve.
6. photoelectric sensing apparatus that is used for the monitoring method of whole blood layering situation in the Centrifuge Cup claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Centrifuge Cup and photoelectric sensing apparatus are installed in the centrifugal well that can weaken ambient light impact, described photoelectric sensing apparatus is installed in Centrifuge Cup head fixed head below, this photoelectric sensing apparatus includes optical transmitting set, optical receiver and electronic circuit, the axis of described optical transmitting set and optical receiver is in the same plane, and the angle that is 20～40 degree between the axis of optical transmitting set and optical receiver, the surface normal angle of the axis of described optical receiver and search coverage are 0～20 degree; Described electronic circuit includes light source driver module and Photoelectric Signal Processing module, described light source driver module connects described optical transmitting set, the Photoelectric Signal Processing module connects described optical receiver, the detecting light beam that described optical transmitting set sends exposes to the search coverage that is positioned at the Centrifuge Cup shoulder, the blood layer produces in the Centrifuge Cup diffuses and is received and be converted into electric signal transmission to the Photoelectric Signal Processing module that is positioned at main frame by optical receiver, by this this electric signal of Photoelectric Signal Processing resume module and the conveying of the signal after will processing main frame.
7. Centrifuge Cup blood layer photoelectric sensing apparatus according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described optical transmitting set is comprised of light source and the convergent lens that is positioned at light source the place ahead, described light source is LED or for laser diode, and described light source sends as wavelength and is in red visible light between 600～770nm; Described optical receiver comprises receiver lens and is positioned at the light activated element at receiver lens rear; Described light activated element is photodiode or for phototriode or for photoelectric cell.
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| CN106525672A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-03-22 | 山东朗伯光谱设备有限公司 | Method and device for acquiring cell agglutination graph |
| CN116086894A (en) * | 2023-04-10 | 2023-05-09 | 北京市春立正达医疗器械股份有限公司 | Blood cell monitoring and guiding assembly after separation and method |
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