CN102415065B - 在有路由的网络中冗余主机连接的方法和装置 - Google Patents

在有路由的网络中冗余主机连接的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN102415065B
CN102415065B CN201080019938.8A CN201080019938A CN102415065B CN 102415065 B CN102415065 B CN 102415065B CN 201080019938 A CN201080019938 A CN 201080019938A CN 102415065 B CN102415065 B CN 102415065B
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switch
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coupled
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CN102415065A (zh
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S·加普塔
A·甘瓦尼
P·科甘蒂
虞顺佳
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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Brocade Communications Systems LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/55—Prevention, detection or correction of errors
    • H04L49/557—Error correction, e.g. fault recovery or fault tolerance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4604—LAN interconnection over a backbone network, e.g. Internet, Frame Relay
    • H04L12/462—LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone
    • H04L12/4625—Single bridge functionality, e.g. connection of two networks over a single bridge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/28—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/48—Routing tree calculation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/58—Association of routers
    • H04L45/586—Association of routers of virtual routers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/66—Layer 2 routing, e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/76—Routing in software-defined topologies, e.g. routing between virtual machines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/65—Re-configuration of fast packet switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/70—Virtual switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/20—Support for services
    • H04L49/201—Multicast operation; Broadcast operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/35—Switches specially adapted for specific applications
    • H04L49/351—Switches specially adapted for specific applications for local area network [LAN], e.g. Ethernet switches

Abstract

本发明的一个实施例提供一种交换机。该交换机包括管理机制和配置机制。在操作期间，管理机制被配置成与伙伴交换机结合操作交换机作为单个逻辑交换机。配置机制被配置成向逻辑交换机分配虚拟交换机标识符。

Description

在有路由的网络中冗余主机连接的方法和装置
技术领域
本公开内容涉及网络管理。更具体而言，本公开内容涉及一种用于有助于在有路由的网络中从一个网络设备到多个设备的链路聚合的方法和系统。
背景技术
随着在数据通信网络中实施更多任务关键应用，对于网络设计师而言高可用性的操作作为价值命题正在变得日益更为重要。经常希望在多个网络设备之间划分常规聚合链路(从一个设备到另一设备)，从而节点失败或者链路失败不会影响多归属设备的操作。
同时，第2层(例如以太网)联网技术继续演变。已经传统上成为第3层(例如IP)网络特性的更多类似于路由的功能正在向第2层中迁移。值得注意的是大量链路透明互连(TRILL)协议的近来发展允许以太网交换机更像路由设备一样工作。TRILL克服常规生成树协议的固有低效率，这迫使第2层交换机耦合于逻辑生成树拓扑中以避免回路。TRILL通过在交换机中实施路由功能并且在TRILL报头中包括跳跃计数来允许路由桥接器(R桥接器(RBridge))耦合于任意拓扑中而无回路风险。
尽管TRILL给第2层网络带来诸多合乎需要的特征，但是当具有TRILL功能的设备与非TRILL设备耦合时一些问题仍未解决。具体而言，当非TRILL设备使用链路聚合来耦合到多个TRILL设备时，现有技术未提供一种完全利用TRILL网络的可扩展和灵活解决方案。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施例提供一种交换机。该交换机包括管理机制和配置机制。在操作期间，管理机制被配置成与伙伴交换机结合操作交换机作为单个逻辑交换机。配置机制被配置成向逻辑交换机分配虚拟交换机标识符。
在对这一实施例的一种变形中，交换机是能够在无需网络拓扑基于生成树的情况下进行路由的第2层交换机。
在对这一实施例的一种变形中，交换机是配置成根据TRILL协议来操作的路由桥接器。
在对这一实施例的一种变形中，配置机制还被配置成将通向逻辑交换机的链路的成本设置为零。
在对这一实施例的一种变形中，交换机包括配置成用虚拟交换机标识符标记帧的入口交换机字段的帧标记机制，其中从耦合到交换机的设备接收帧。
在对这一实施例的一种变形中，交换机包括配置成向伙伴交换机通知与耦合到交换机和伙伴交换机的设备关联的介质访问控制(MAC)地址的可达性的通信机制。
在又一变形中，在检测到在设备与伙伴交换机之间的链路失败时，配置机制被配置成将设备与虚拟交换机去关联。
在又一变形中，在检测到在设备与交换机之间的链路失败时，通信机制被配置成经由交换机间通信信道向伙伴节点通知失败。
在对这一实施例的一种变形中，交换机包括配置成通报虚拟交换机等效于交换机和伙伴交换机二者的通信机制，由此有助于向耦合到两个交换机的设备或者从耦合到两个交换机的设备的多径路由。
在对这一实施例的一种变形中，在帧的入口交换机标识符与虚拟交换机标识符相同时、或者在帧的入口交换机标识符不同于虚拟交换机标识符并且在设备与交换机之间的链路并非主要链路时，交换机丢弃与同时耦合到交换机和单独物理交换机的设备所属的多播组对应的所接收的多播帧。
在对这一实施例的一种变形中，在同时耦合到交换机和单独物理交换机的第二本地设备在与从耦合到交换机的第一本地设备始发的多播帧对应的多播组中时交换机向第二设备转发多播帧。
附图说明
图1图示了根据本发明一个实施例的示例网络，其中向经由划分的聚合链路耦合到非TRILL设备的两个物理TRILLR桥接器分配虚拟R桥接器标识符。
图2呈现了如下流程图，该流程图图示了根据本发明一个实施例的在入口物理R桥接器配置来自双归属终端站的入口帧的TRILL报头的过程。
图3A图示了根据本发明一个实施例的入口TRILL帧的示例报头配置，该报头配置在它的入口R桥接器别名字段中包含虚拟R桥接器别名。
图3B图示了根据本发明一个实施例的入口TRILL帧的示例报头配置，该报头配置在它的TRILL选项字段中包含虚拟R桥接器别名。
图4呈现了如下流程图，该流程图图示了根据本发明一个实施例的在参与链路聚合的伙伴R桥接器转发单播TRILL帧的过程。
图5A呈现了根据本发明一个实施例的如何能够在双归属终端站之间处置多播的例子。
图5B呈现了如下流程图，该流程图图示了根据本发明一个实施例的转发多播帧的过程。
图6图示了根据本发明一个实施例的其中双归属终端站的物理链路之一经历失败的场景。
图7呈现了如下流程图，该流程图图示了根据本发明一个实施例的处置如下链路失败的过程，该链路失败影响与虚拟R桥接器关联的终端站。
图8图示了根据本发明一个实施例的有助于分配虚拟R桥接器 ID的交换机的示例架构。
具体实施方式
呈现下文描述以使本领域技术人员能够实现和运用本发明，并且在具体应用及其要求的背景中提供下文描述。本领域技术人员将容易清楚对公开的实施例的各种修改，并且这里限定的一般原理可以应用于其它实施例和应用而不脱离本发明的精神实质和范围。因此，本发明并不限于所示实施例而是将被赋予以与权利要求书一致的最广范围。
概述
在本发明的实施例中，通过形成逻辑虚拟交换机并且向共享聚合链路的多个交换机分配虚拟交换机标识符来解决提供一种提供多设备链路聚合的可扩展和灵活方式这样的问题。例如在TRILL网络中，当终端站耦合到两个单独R桥接器并且通向这些R桥接器的链路形成聚合链路时，生成虚拟TRILL R桥接器标识符(ID)，并且终端站视为逻辑耦合到虚拟R桥接器。用虚拟R桥接器别名作为终端站的入口R桥接器别名以标记来自终端站的传入帧，并且在TRILL网络的其余部分内为该帧进行路由。以相似方式耦合到相同物理TRILL R桥接器的其它终端站可以使用与它们的入口R桥接器别名相同的虚拟R桥接器别名。在TRILL网络的其余部分看来，这样的双归属终端站表现为直接耦合到虚拟R桥接器。使用这样的虚拟R桥接器别名允许多个双归属终端站共享相同虚拟R桥接器，随着双归属终端站的数目增长，这是一种可扩展解决方案。当聚合链路之一失败时，受影响的终端站不再视为耦合到虚拟R桥接器。终端站代之以将视为用操作链路耦合到物理R桥接器。这一配置允许快速保护切换和及时拓扑汇聚。
虽然使用基于TRILL协议的例子来呈现本公开内容，但是本发明的实施例并不限于TRILL网络或者在开放系统互联参考模型(OSI参考模型)的特定层中限定的网络。
术语“R桥接器”指代如下路由桥接器，这些桥接器实施如在可从http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-trill-rbridge-protocol-16获得的通过引用合并于此的IETF草案“RBridge：Base Protocol Specification”中描述的TRILL协议。本发明的实施例并不限于应用于R桥接器之中。也可以使用其它类型的交换机、路由器和转发器。
术语“终端站”指代无TRILL功能的网络设备。“终端站”是相对于TRILL网络的术语。“终端站”未必意味着网络设备为终端主机。终端站可以是主机、常规第2层交换机、IP路由器或者任何其它类型的网络设备。此外。终端站可以耦合到与TRILL网络相距更远的其它交换机、路由器或者主机。换而言之，终端站可以是用于多个网络设备进入TRILL网络的聚合点。
术语“双归属终端站”指代具有通向两个或者更多TRILL R桥接器的聚合链路的终端站，其中聚合链路包括通向不同R桥接器的多个物理链路。包括多个物理链路的聚合链路作为通向终端站的一个逻辑链路来工作。虽然这里使用术语“双”，但是术语“双归属终端站”并未使共享聚合链路的物理R桥接器的数目限于两个。在各种实施例中，其它数目的物理R桥接器可以共享相同聚合链路。当在本公开内容中使用“双归属终端站”时，也可以使用术语“多归属终端站”。
术语“帧”指代可以通过网络一起传送的比特组。“帧”不应解释为使本发明的实施例限于第2层网络。“帧”可以替换为指代比特组的其它术语、比如“分组”、“单元”或者“数据报”。
术语“R桥接器标识符”指代可以用来标识R桥接器的比特组。注意TRILL标准使用“R桥接器ID”来表示向R桥接器分配的48位中间系统到中间系统(IS-IS)系统ID而使用“R桥接器别名”来表示作为“R桥接器ID”的缩写的16位值。在本公开内容中，“R桥接器标识符”作为通用术语来使用而不限于任何比特格式并且可以指代“R桥接器ID”或者“R桥接器别名”或者任何可以标识R桥接器的其它格式。
网络架构
图1图示了根据本发明一个实施例的示例网络，其中向经由划分的聚合链路耦合到非TRILL设备的两个物理TRILL R桥接器分配虚拟TRILL标识符。如图1中所示，TRILL网络包括六个R桥接器101、102、103、104、105和106。终端站113耦合到R桥接器102；终端站114耦合到R桥接器103；而终端站115耦合到R桥接器105。终端站111和112均为双归属并且耦合到R桥接器104和105。目标在于允许双归属终端站使用通向两个单独TRILL R桥接器的两个物理链路作为具有相同介质访问控制(MAC)地址的单个逻辑聚合链路。这样的配置将实现真正冗余度并且有助于快速保护切换。
然而在常规TRILL网络中，双归属式连接性不会提供所需结果，因为TRILL协议依赖于MAC地址学习以基于帧的入口TRILL R桥接器ID来确定终端站的位置(即终端站耦合到哪个入口R桥接器)。这样，终端站可以仅表现为经由单个物理R桥接器可达。例如假设终端站112与终端站113进行通信。入口R桥接器将为R桥接器104和105，而出口R桥接器将为R桥接器102。来自终端站112的传入帧将使得R桥接器104或者R桥接器105被标记为它们的入口R桥接器ID。当R桥接器102接收这些帧并且执行MAC地址学习时，R桥接器102将假设终端站112正在移动并且耦合到R桥接器104或者R桥接器105(但是并非二者)。R桥接器102将向R桥接器104或者105发送来自终端站113的帧。因而使用通向终端站112的物理链路中的仅一个物理链路，这不利于在终端站12与R桥接器104和105之间具有冗余链路这样的目的。
在本发明的实施例中，如图1中所示，R桥接器104和105被配置成针对终端站111和112在特殊“干线”模式中操作。终端站111和112将R桥接器104和105视为具有对应虚拟R桥接器ID的共同虚拟R桥接器108。双归属终端站111和112被视为经由虚线代表的逻辑链路逻辑上耦合到虚拟R桥接器108。虚拟R桥接器108被视为可选地用零成本链路(也由虚线代表)逻辑上耦合到R桥接器 104和105。来自终端站111或者112的传入帧用虚拟R桥接器108的别名作为它们的传入R桥接器别名来标记。因而TRILL网络中的其它R桥接器可以了解终端站111和112均经由虚拟R桥接器108而可达。另外，R桥接器104和105可以向虚拟R桥接器108通报它们的相应连接性(可选地经由零成本链路)。因此可以在其它R桥接器选择经由R桥接器104和105向虚拟R桥接器108(在帧中标记为出口R桥接器)发送帧时实现多径化。在下文描述中，参与链路聚合并且形成虚拟R桥接器的R桥接器称为“伙伴R桥接器”。
由于两个伙伴R桥接器作为单个逻辑R桥接器来工作，所以每个R桥接器学习的MAC地址可达性与其它伙伴R桥接器共享。例如在正常操作期间，终端站111可以选择仅经由通向R桥接器105的链路发送它的传出帧。因而仅R桥接器105将学习终端站111的MAC地址(和终端站111耦合到的在R桥接器105上的对应端口)。这一信息然后由R桥接器105与R桥接器104共享。由于来自终端站111的帧将以虚拟R桥接器108的别名作为它们的入口R桥接器别名，所以当网络中的设备向终端站111发送回帧时，这些帧将以虚拟R桥接器108的别名作为它们的出口R桥接器别名，并且可能向R桥接器104或者105发送这些帧。当R桥接器104接收这样的帧时，它可以基于R桥接器105共享的MAC可达性信息来确定应当向它的伙伴R桥接器105发送这一个帧。
应当注意虚拟R桥接器108并非聚合链路的特定集合所特有。换而言之，双归属终端站111和112均可以共享相同虚拟R桥接器108。这一特征使本解决方案可扩展，因为多个双归属终端站可以逻辑上附着到相同虚拟R桥接器。
此外，无需终端站改变它被配置用于链路聚合的方式。如使用现有链路聚合方法的常规物理R桥接器这样的情况那样，双归属终端站仅需被配置成具有通向虚拟R桥接器的聚合链路。因此，双归属终端站不需要知晓在聚合链路另一端的虚拟R桥接器实际上是两个物理R桥接器。另外，也无需TRILL网络的其余部分(除了R桥 接器104和105之外)知道虚拟R桥接器108实际上并非一个物理R桥接器。也就是说，在TRILL网络的其余部分看来，虚拟R桥接器108无法区别于任何物理R桥接器。因此，本发明无需对于TRILL网络的其余部分的额外配置。
帧处理
图2呈现了如下流程图，该流程图图示了根据本发明一个实施例的在入口物理R桥接器配置来自双归属终端站的入口帧的TRILL报头的过程。在操作期间，参与链路聚合的R桥接器从终端站接收入口以太网帧(操作202)。R桥接器然后标识接收的帧的目的地MAC地址(操作204)。基于目的地MAC地址，R桥接器对出口TRILL R桥接器别名执行查找(操作206)。接着，R桥接器基于出口TRILL R桥接器别名来确定下一跳TRILL R桥接器(操作208)。(假设TRILL协议或者其它路由协议中的路由功能负责填充在每个R桥接器的转发信息库)。
随后，R桥接器设置帧的TRILL报头(操作210)。在这样做事，R桥接器将虚拟R桥接器设置为用于帧的入口R桥接器。基于操作206的结果来设置TRILL报头的出口R桥接器。
R桥接器然后设置帧的外以太网报头(操作212)。在这样做时，R桥接器将下一跳R桥接器的MAC地址(操作208的结果)设置作为外以太网报头中的目的地MAC地址。R桥接器还将本地发送R桥接器的MAC地址设置为外以太网报头中的源MAC地址。在设置外以太网报头之后，R桥接器向下一跳R桥接器发送TRILL封装帧(操作214)。
图3A图示了根据本发明一个实施例的入口TRILL帧的示例报头配置，该报头配置在它的入口R桥接器别名字段中包括虚拟R桥接器别名。在这一例子中，TRILL封装帧包括外以太网报头302、TRILL报头303、内以太网报头308、以太网有效负荷310和以太网帧校验序列(FCS)312。
TRILL报头303包括版本字段(表示为“V”)、保留字段(表 示为“R”)、多目的地指示字段(表示为“M”)、选项字段长度指示字段(表示为“OP-LEN”)和跳跃计数字段(表示为“HOP CT”)。也包括出口R桥接器别名字段304和入口R桥接器别名字段306。
在一些实施例中，除了在入口R桥接器别名字段中携带虚拟R桥接器的别名之外，还有可能在TRILL选项字段中包括物理入口R桥接器别名。这一配置可以有助于端到端拥塞通知并且有助于多播删除(pruning)场景。
另外也有可能在TRILL选项字段而不是源R桥接器别名字段中携带虚拟R桥接器标识符。传入帧的入口R桥接器别名字段用来承载物理入口R桥接器(该R桥接器为形成虚拟R桥接器的伙伴R桥接器之一)的别名。这一配置允许TRILL网络中的其它R桥接器标识实际物理入口R桥接器以及虚拟入口R桥接器。
图3B图示了根据本发明一个实施例的入口TRILL帧的示例报头配置，该报头配置在它的TRILL选项字段中包含虚拟R桥接器别名。在这一例子中，帧的选项字段长度字段“OP-LEN”表明它的TRILL选项字段305的长度。TRILL选项字段305包括虚拟R桥接器别名307。入口R桥接器别名字段306承载物理入口R桥接器的别名。为了恰当标识R桥接器别名，假设TRILL网络中的出口R桥接器能够识别TRILL选项字段305。注意选项区的第一八位组的前两比特为关键逐步跳跃(CHbH)比特和关键入口到出口(CItE)比特。CHbH比特可以设置为零而CItE比特可以设置为一。以这一方式，仅需入口和出口R桥接器解析选项字段，而中转R桥接器仅需透明转发帧。也有可能将CHbH比特设置为一，以需要中转R桥接器解析字段。这一配置允许TRILL网络中的R桥接器做出更智能路由决策。
在一个实施例中，当处理接收的帧时，出口物理R桥接器确定帧的内以太网报头的以太类型字段表明返回数据流应当去往相同物理入口R桥接器以有助于在终端站的状态性操作。换而言之，对于某些类型的数据流(比如通过以太网的光纤信道(FCoE))，希望返回数据路径穿越相同入口物理R桥接器。例如回顾图1，假设终 端站112生成去往终端站114的FCoE业务。向R桥接器104发送来自终端站112的入口帧。在向作为出口R桥接器的R桥接器103发送这些帧之前，R桥接器104对它们的TRILL选项字段中的虚拟R桥接器108的别名和入口R桥接器别名字段中的R桥接器104的别名进行编码。当解析这些帧时，R桥接器103确定它们的以太类型字段表明这些帧用于FCoE业务。因而R桥接器103维持如下理解：对于在MAC地址对(即终端站112和114的MAC地址)之间的FCoE业务，从终端站114到终端站112的帧应当以R桥接器104的别名(而不是虚拟R桥接器108的别名)作为它们的出口R桥接器别名。这一配置保证从终端站114到终端站112的FCoE业务总是穿过R桥接器104和在终端站112上的相同端口。
在伙伴R桥接器用恰当TRILL和外以太网报头封装入口帧并且向帧的目的地发送它之后，有望响应于该发送在相反方向上从目的地接收帧。图4呈现了如下流程图，该流程图图示了根据本发明一个实施例的在参与链路聚合的伙伴R桥接器接收和转发单播TRILL帧的过程。
在操作期间，伙伴R桥接器接收TRILL帧(操作402)。R桥接器然后确定帧的出口R桥接器别名是否对应于本地R桥接器或者与本地关联的虚拟R桥接器(操作403)。如果帧的出口R桥接器别名与本地R桥接器和与本地关联的虚拟R桥接器均未匹配(即帧并非去往本地R桥接器)，则R桥接器基于帧的出口R桥接器别名向下一跳R桥接器发送帧(操作405)。
另一方面，如果满足在操作403中的条件，则R桥接器在它的MAC地址表中执行查找以识别与帧的在它的内以太网报头中的目的地MAC地址对应的输出端口(操作404)。注意在形成虚拟R桥接器的两个伙伴R桥接器之间共享MAC可达性信息。因此即使R桥接器尚未接收具有相同源MAC地址的入口帧(即R桥接器尚未本地学习MAC地址)，R桥接器仍然可以基于从伙伴R桥接器共享的MAC可达性信息来确定目的地MAC地址经由本地链路而可达。随 后，R桥接器向与帧的在它的内以太网报头中的目的地MAC地址对应的本地输出端口发送帧(操作408)。
多播
在多播的情况下，帧的出口R桥接器别名字段携带用于多播树的根R桥接器的别名，并且多播帧通常可以到达TRILL网络中的所有R桥接器。可以实施特殊过程以最小化与双归属终端站的业务复制。
图5A呈现了根据本发明一个实施例的如下例子，该例子举例说明如何能够在双归属终端站之间处置多播。在这一例子中，终端站513是分别经由链路507和509与R桥接器506和504双归属的。终端站512是分别经由链路503和505与R桥接器506和504双归属的。链路507和509形成用于终端站513的链路干线，而链路504和505形成用于终端站512的链路干线。两个链路干线均对应于虚拟R桥接器508。终端站514为耦合到R桥接器506的独立终端站。在链路干线中的链路之中，一个链路被选为主要链路。例如链路509为用于终端站513的链路干线的主要链路，而链路505为用于终端站512的链路干线的主要链路。下文描述不同多播场景和对应R桥接器转发行为。
当出口R桥接器(比如R桥接器504)从TRILL网络接收去往终端站512的多播帧时，它首先确定入口R桥接器别名是否与它的关联虚拟R桥接器别名相同。例如R桥接器504将确定帧的入口R桥接器别名是否为虚拟R桥接器508的别名。如果是这样，则丢弃帧。否则，R桥接器504进一步确定它的通向终端站512的链路是否为主要链路。在这一情况下，由于链路505为用于通向终端站512的链路干线的主要链路，所以R桥接器504可以向终端站512转发多播帧。如果链路505并非主要链路，则丢弃帧。
当入口R桥接器(比如R桥接器506)从独立终端站514接收多播帧时(其中终端站513和/或终端站512在多播组中)，需要R桥接器506向终端站513和/或终端站512转发帧。换而言之，如果 本地双归属终端站在从独立终端站本地接收的多播帧的多播组中，则多播帧无论在本地R桥接器与双归属终端站之间的链路是否为主要链路都由本地R桥接器转发。注意如果附加终端站在多播组中则也将向TRILL网络的其余部分转发帧。多播帧将最终到达作为与虚拟R桥接器508对应的另一伙伴节点的R桥接器504。然而由于排除R桥接器504向终端站513和/或终端站512转发多播帧(因为帧以虚拟R桥接器508的别名作为它的入口R桥接器别名)，所以可以避免业务复制。
类似地，如果终端站513生成向R桥接器506发送的多播帧并且终端站512在多播组中，则虽然链路503并非通向终端站512的链路干线中的主要链路，但是R桥接器506将向终端站512直接转发这个帧。
图5B呈现了如下流程图，该流程图图示了根据本发明一个实施例的转发多播帧的过程。在操作期间，在本地物理R桥接器接收多播帧之后，R桥接器首先确定是本地(即从耦合到R桥接器的终端站)还是从TRILL网络接收多播帧(操作530)。如果本地接收帧，则R桥接器进一步确定本地连接的终端站是否在多播组中(操作532)。
如果本地连接的终端站在多播组中，则R桥接器向本地连接的终端站转发帧(操作534)。可选地，假设在多播组内有可以经由TRILL网络到达的附加终端站，R桥接器可以向TRILL网络进一步转发帧(操作536)。
如果从TRILL网络接收帧(见操作530的右分支)，则R桥接器然后确定本地连接的终端站是否在多播组中(操作542)。如果不是，则R桥接器向TRILL网络中的其它R桥接器转发帧(操作552)。如果本地连接的终端站在多播组中，则R桥接器进一步确定本地连接的终端站是否是双归属的(操作544)。如果它并非双归属的，则R桥接器向本地连接的终端站转发帧(操作534)。如果它为双归属的，则R桥接器然后确定帧的入口R桥接器别名是否与双 归属终端站的关联虚拟R桥接器的别名相同(操作546)。如果它们相同，则丢弃帧(操作554)。否则，R桥接器进一步确定它的通向双归属终端站的链路是否为主要链路(操作548)。如果该链路为主要链路，则R桥接器经由该链路向双归属终端站转发帧(操作550)。否则，丢弃帧(操作554)。
失败处置
图6图示了根据本发明一个实施例的其中双归属终端站的物理链路之一经历失败的场景。在这一例子中，假设终端站611和612均是经由它们的相应聚合链路与R桥接器605和604双归属的。具体而言，终端站612经由链路620耦合到R桥接器605并且经由链路622耦合到R桥接器604。R桥接器605和604形成虚拟R桥接器608。假设链路622在操作期间失败。R桥接器604可以检测这一失败并且通知R桥接器605。
因而，R桥接器605中断用虚拟R桥接器608的别名标记来自终端站612的帧。代之以用R桥接器605的别名标记用于来自终端站612的帧的源R桥接器别名。换而言之，由于终端站612不再具有通向R桥接器605和604的聚合链路，所以虚拟R桥接器608对于终端站612而言不再存在。在来自终端站612的TRILL封装帧到达网络中的其它出口R桥接器之后，这些R桥接器将了解与终端站612对应的MAC地址与R桥接器605而不是虚拟R桥接器608关联。因而将向R桥接器605发送去往终端站612的将来帧。注意在拓扑汇聚过程期间，R桥接器604可以继续接收去往终端站612的帧。R桥接器604可以向所有端口(除了从其接收帧的端口之外)洪泛这些帧或者可选地向R桥接器605转发这些帧，因而有最少数据损失。
图7呈现了如下流程图，该流程图图示了根据本发明一个实施例的处置如下链路失败的过程，该链路失败影响与虚拟R桥接器关联的终端站。在操作期间，伙伴R桥接器检测到通向与虚拟R桥接器关联的终端站的物理链路失败(操作702)。R桥接器然后将终端站与虚拟R桥接器去关联(操作704)并且返回到如针对非干线端 口的正常操作和/或洪泛操作。另外，R桥接器将它自己的别名(物理入口R桥接器的别名)放入来自终端站的入口帧的TRILL报头中的源R桥接器字段中(操作706)。可选地，R桥接器可以经由它自己的R桥接器标识符向TRILL网络中的其它R桥接器广播终端站的MAC可达性(操作708)。
多径化
本发明的实施例也可以有助于相等成本或者接近相等成本的多径化。以图1中的网络拓扑为例。假设终端站111与终端站114进行通信。最短路径穿越R桥接器104和R桥接器103。因而，从终端站114到终端站111的业务(去往虚拟R桥接器108)将总是穿过R桥接器104而不是在R桥接器105与R桥接器104之间拆分。
在一个实施例中，如果希望业务拆分，则伙伴R桥接器可以例如经由表明RBx→{RB1，RB2}(其中RBx表示虚拟R桥接器别名而RB1和RB2表示物理R桥接器别名)的消息向TRILL网络的其它部分通报虚拟R桥接器108等于R桥接器14和R桥接器105。这可以使用现有路由协议(比如IS-IS协议)所支持的控制消息来完成。因而对于给定数据流集合，R桥接器103可以选择R桥接器104作为出口R桥接器，而对于其它流，R桥接器103可以选择R桥接器105作为出口R桥接器。
示例交换机系统
图8图示了根据本发明一个实施例的有助于分配虚拟R桥接器ID的交换机的示例架构。在这一例子中，R桥接器800包括多个通信端口801、分组处理器802、虚拟R桥接器管理模块804、虚拟R桥接器配置模块805、存储设备806和TRILL报头生成模块808。在操作期间，通信端口801从终端站接收帧(并且向终端站发送帧)。分组处理器802从接收的帧提取和处理报头信息。如结合图2描述的那样，分组处理器802对接收的帧基于它们的以太网报头进一步执行路由。注意通信端口801包括用于与一个或者多个伙伴R桥接器通信的至少一个交换机间通信信道。可以经由规则通信端口并且 基于任何开放或者专有格式实施这一交换机间通信信道。另外，伙伴R桥接器之间的交换机间通信无需为直接端口到端口通信。虚拟R桥接器管理模块804管理与伙伴R桥接器的通信并且处置各种交换机间通信，比如MAC地址信息共享和链路失败通知。
虚拟R桥接器配置模块805允许用户配置和分配用于虚拟R桥接器的标识符。它也负责与伙伴R桥接器通信以共享彼此的存储于储存器806中的MAC地址可达性信息。另外，TRILL报头生成模块808为入口帧生成与虚拟R桥接器对应的TRILL报头。注意可以用硬件以及用软件实施上文提到的模块。在一个实施例中，可以用与R桥接器800中的一个或者多个处理器耦合的存储器中存储的计算机可执行指令实施这些模块。在执行时，这些指令使处理器执行前述功能。
概括而言，本发明的实施例提供一种用于有助于跨有路由的网络中的不同交换机的链路聚合。在一个实施例中，形成虚拟R桥接器以提供从终端站到多个物理R桥接器的聚合链路。使用虚拟R桥接器作为用于来自终端站的入口帧的入口R桥接器。这样的配置提供一种对跨多个交换机的链路聚合的可伸缩和灵活解决方案。
这里描述的方法和过程可以实施为可以在计算机可读非瞬态存储介质中存储的代码和/或数据。当计算机系统读取和执行在计算机可读非瞬态存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时，计算机系统执行实施为数据结构和代码并且存储于介质内的方法和过程。
这里描述的方法和过程可以由硬件模块或者装置执行和/或包含于硬件模块或者装置中。这些模块或者装置可以包括但不限于专用集成电路(ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、在特定时间执行特定软件模块或者一条代码的专用或者共享处理器和/或现在已知或者以后开发的其它可编程逻辑器件。当激活硬件模块或者装置时，它们执行包含于它们内的方法和过程。
已经仅出于图示和描述的目的而呈现对本发明实施例的前文描述。它们并非为了穷举或者限制本公开内容。因而，本领域技术人员将清楚诸多修改和变化。本发明的范围由所附权利要求书限定。

Claims (21)

1.一种交换机，包括：
用于基于帧的以太网报头来对所述帧进行路由的装置；
用于与单独物理交换机结合操作所述交换机作为单个逻辑交换机的装置；以及
用于向所述逻辑交换机分配虚拟交换机标识符的装置；以及
用于利用所述虚拟交换机标识符标记帧的入口交换机字段的装置；
其中所述交换机是能够在无需网络拓扑基于生成树拓扑的情况下进行路由的第2层交换机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中所述交换机是配置成根据大量链路透明互连(TRILL)协议来操作的路由桥接器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，还包括：用于将通向所述逻辑交换机的链路的成本设置为零的装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中从耦合到所述交换机的设备接收所述帧。
5.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中用于向所述单独物理交换机通知与耦合到所述交换机和所述单独物理交换机其二者的设备关联的介质访问控制(MAC)地址的可达性的装置。
6.根据权利要求4所述的交换机，其中用于在检测到在所述设备与所述单独物理交换机之间的链路失败时将所述设备与所述虚拟交换机去关联的装置。
7.根据权利要求4所述的交换机，其中用于在检测到在所述设备与所述交换机之间的链路失败时经由交换机间通信信道向所述单独物理交换机通知所述失败的装置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中用于通报所述虚拟交换机等效于所述交换机和所述单独物理交换机二者、由此有助于向耦合到两个交换机的设备或者从耦合到两个交换机的设备进行的多径路由的装置。
9.根据权利要求4所述的交换机，其中用于在以下情况时丢弃与耦合到所述交换机和所述单独物理交换机其二者的设备所属的多播组对应的所接收的多播帧的装置：
当所述帧的入口交换机标识符与所述虚拟交换机标识符相同时；或者
当所述帧的入口交换机标识符不同于所述虚拟交换机标识符并且在所述设备与所述交换机之间的链路并非主要链路时。
10.根据权利要求1所述的交换机，其中用于在耦合到所述交换机和所述单独物理交换机其二者的第二本地设备在与从耦合到所述交换机的第一本地设备始发的多播帧对应的多播组中时，向所述第二本地设备转发所述多播帧的装置。
11.一种用于在交换机中操作的方法，包括：
基于在交换机接收的帧的以太网报头来对所述帧进行路由；
将所述交换机配置为包括一个或者多个单独物理交换机的单个逻辑交换机，所述逻辑交换机具有虚拟交换机标识符；
利用所述虚拟交换机标识符标记帧的入口交换机字段；以及
在无需网络拓扑基于生成树拓扑的情况下执行第2层路由功能。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括根据大量链路透明互连(TRILL)协议执行第2层路由功能。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括向邻居通报从所述交换机到所述逻辑交换机的零成本链路。
14.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括向单独物理交换机通知与耦合到所述交换机的设备关联的介质访问控制(MAC)地址的可达性。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中在检测到在所述设备与所述单独物理交换机之间的链路失败时，所述方法还包括将所述设备与所述虚拟交换机去关联。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中在检测到在所述设备与所述交换机之间的链路失败时，所述方法还包括经由交换机间通信信道向所述单独物理交换机通知所述失败。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括通报所述虚拟交换机等效于所述交换机和所述单独物理交换机二者、由此有助于向耦合到两个交换机的设备或者从耦合到两个交换机的设备进行的多径路由。
18.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括在以下情况时丢弃与耦合到所述交换机和所述单独物理交换机其二者的设备所属的多播组对应的所接收的多播帧：
当所述帧的入口交换机标识符与所述虚拟交换机标识符相同时；或者
当所述帧的入口交换机标识符不同于所述虚拟交换机标识符并且在所述设备与所述交换机之间的链路并非主要链路时。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法，还包括在耦合到所述交换机和所述单独物理交换机其二者的第二本地设备在与从耦合到所述交换机的第一本地设备始发的多播帧对应的多播组中时，向所述第二本地设备转发所述多播帧。
20.一种交换机装置，包括：
帧处理装置，用于基于帧的以太网报头来对所述帧进行路由；
交换机间通信装置，用于与单独物理交换机通信；
管理装置，用于与所述单独物理交换机结合操作所述交换机作为单个逻辑交换机；
配置装置，用于向所述逻辑交换机分配虚拟交换机标识符；
帧标记装置，用于利用所述虚拟交换机标识符标记帧的入口交换机字段；以及
路由装置，用于在无需网络拓扑基于生成树拓扑的情况下执行第2层路由功能。
21.根据权利要求20所述的交换机装置，其中从耦合到所述交换机的设备接收所述帧。
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