CN102045252A - 用于内容连网的自适应多接口使用 - Google Patents

用于内容连网的自适应多接口使用 Download PDF

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CN102045252A
CN102045252A CN2010105167328A CN201010516732A CN102045252A CN 102045252 A CN102045252 A CN 102045252A CN 2010105167328 A CN2010105167328 A CN 2010105167328A CN 201010516732 A CN201010516732 A CN 201010516732A CN 102045252 A CN102045252 A CN 102045252A
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CN102045252B (zh
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J·D·索恩顿
V·L·雅各布森
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Cisco Technology Inc
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Palo Alto Research Center Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
    • G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/54—Organization of routing tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/70—Routing based on monitoring results
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H04L45/748—Address table lookup; Address filtering using longest matching prefix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/50—Network services
    • H04L67/60—Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests, e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources
    • H04L67/63—Routing a service request depending on the request content or context
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/45—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping
    • H04L61/4505—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols
    • H04L61/4511—Network directories; Name-to-address mapping using standardised directories; using standardised directory access protocols using domain name system [DNS]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/22—Parsing or analysis of headers

Abstract

本发明涉及用于内容连网的自适应多接口使用。一个实施例提供一种系统，其在网络中转发具有层次结构化可变长度标识符(HSVLI)的分组。HSVLI指示一条内容并且指示从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的邻近分量的层次结构。HSVLI的长度并非固定的。在操作期间，所述系统接收分组，其包括对于具有HSVLI的一条内容的兴趣。随后，所述系统基于下述中的一个或多个确定用于HSVLI的转发信息：与HSVLI匹配的内容的知识、转发策略、以及关于网络的上下文信息。接下来，所述系统用转发信息配置转发引擎。所述系统然后基于转发信息转发分组。

Description

用于内容连网的自适应多接口使用
技术领域
本公开通常涉及促进通过数据网络的通信。更具体地说，本公开涉及在内容中央连网中自适应使用多接口转发设备。
背景技术
因特网和电子商备的兴旺继续促进网络工业的革命性变革。如今，大量信息交换(从在线电影观看到日常新闻传送、零售、以及即时传信)是在线进行的。日渐增加的因特网应用也正变得移动化。然而，当前因特网操作在极大地基于位置的寻址方案上。也就是说，内容消费者仅仅可以通过明确地向与物理对象或位置紧密关联的地址(例如IP地址)请求内容来接收内容。这种受限的寻址方案正变得渐渐不足以满足不断变化的网络需求。
因特网的当前架构围绕对话模型演进，这种模型是在二十世纪70年代为ARPAnet创建的，以允许地理上分布的用户使用少量的大型固定计算机。这种架构是在电话网络的影响之下设计出来的，在电话网络中，电话号码是必要的程序，其沿着从源到目的的路径来配置交换机。并不令人讶异的是，ARPAnet的设计者从未企盼它演变成为如今无所不在的疯狂增长的因特网。人们现在从因特网企盼得到比ARPAnet被设计用于的多得多的东西。理想地，因特网用户应能在任何地方任何时间访问任何内容。这种访问难以通过当前的位置/设备绑定IP协议而保证。
在当前基于web的命名结构下，主机的想法在包含对应内容的名称中是隐式的。例如，http://www.ama zon.com/index.html可以通过将接驳到机器www.amazon.com而被找到。然而，这种接驳需要域名系统(DNS)来将人可读的主机名称转译为IP地址(例如209.34.123.178)。在当前计算机系统中，没法在不获知文件存储在哪台主机上的情况下查阅一条内容，并且尽管那样与文件关联的内容仍可能改变。
在当前技术中，转发是这样的处理：分组交换网络中的节点将分组从源发送到目的。网际协议(IP)路由器典型地在其各输入端口之一(例如网络接口)处接收分组。接下来，路由器执行查找来基于分组的目的地址标识分组应被转发到的输出端口。然而，现有的路由器不提供用于将转发引擎配置为转发不使用传统IP地址的内容兴趣的方式。
发明内容
一个实施例提供一种系统，其在网络中转发具有层次结构化可变长度标识符(HSVLI)的分组。HSVLI指示一条内容并且指示从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的邻近分量的层次结构。HSVLI的长度并非固定的。在操作期间，所述系统接收分组，其包括对于具有HSVLI的一条内容的兴趣。随后，所述系统基于下述中的一个或多个确定用于HSVLI的转发信息：与HSVLI匹配的内容的知识、转发策略、以及关于网络的上下文信息。接下来，所述系统用转发信息配置转发引擎。所述系统然后基于转发信息转发分组。
在一些实施例中，与HSVLI匹配的内容的知识包括下述中的一个或多个：与HSVLI匹配的内容的位置、与HSVLI匹配的内容的可用性、以及与HSVLI匹配的内容的重要性或优先级。
在一些实施例中，HSVLI的一个或多个分量包括域名系统(DNS)名称、并且确定转发信息包括：基于HSVLI中的DNS名称确定输出接口。
在一些实施例中，策略包括下述中的一个或多个：关于与HSVLI匹配的内容的策略规则、关于与HSVLI匹配的内容的安全约束、以及用于发现与HSVLI匹配的内容的源的战略规则。
在一些实施例中，上下文信息包括关于下述中的一个或多个的信息：物理层连接性，其包括：WiFi连接性、局域网(LAN)连接性、广域网(WAN)连接性、以及其它有线或无线连接性；对等节点，其可能存储与HSVLI匹配的内容；网络成本；网络延时；以及电池状态。
在一些实施例中，用转发信息配置转发引擎是响应于下述中的一个或多个的：本地网络的状态改变，基于从网络中的另一节点接收到的信息的路由协议的执行，以及接收到指示与一个或多个输出接口关联的延迟的统计信息。
在一些实施例中，系统周期性地或者连续地更新用于通过在网络中发现节点来确定转发信息的数据库，以及建立与发现的节点的安全隧道以接收所述内容。
在一些实施例中，层次结构包括下述中的一个或多个：全局可路由名称、组织名称、版本标识符、以及摘要。
在一些实施例中，系统同时通过多个输出接口转发分组。
在一些实施例中，系统从节点接收上下文和策略信息，并且将上下文和策略信息病毒式地传播到另一节点。
附图说明
图1示出根据实施例的分组具有HSVLI的示例性网络。
图2示出根据实施例的将具有HSVLI的分组经由两个不同的路由转发到同一网络的示例性系统。
图3示出根据实施例的转发与内容中两个不同兴趣对应的分组的示例性系统。
图4表示根据实施例的转发具有HSVLI的分组的示例性高级架构。
图5表示示出根据实施例的转发具有HSVLI的分组的处理的流程图。
图6表示示出根据实施例的运行发现协议来标识提供内容并且建立至其的隧道的节点的处理的流程图。
图7表示根据实施例的转发具有HSVLI的分组的装置。
在附图中，类似参考数字表示相同附图元件。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例整合不同的信息流来在给定多个同时连接性选项的情况下做出关于如何配置特定内容集合中的兴趣的转发的判断。具体地说，本发明实施例促进配置接收内容中的兴趣而非地址的转发引擎，其中，配置可以是基于内容的知识、转发策略以及关于网络的上下文信息的。本发明实施例还促进多个转发选项当中的更精细粒度的判断。
内容中央网络-其中路由是基于兴趣而非地址的-将新方法带给了内容传送。代替在应用级别将网络流量看作内容通过其行进的端到端对话，内容部分地基于给予其的名称而被请求或者返回，并且网络负责将内容从提供商路由到消费者。内容包括可以在通信系统中传送的数据，并且可以是任何形式的数据，例如文本、图像、视频和/或音频。消费者和提供商可以是计算机处的人或网络内部或外部的自动化处理。在这样的网络中，一条内容可以表示整个内容或内容的相应部分。例如，报纸文章可以表示为作为数据分组而实施的多条内容。一条内容也可以与通过例如认证数据、创建日期、内容拥有者等的信息来描述或者增强该条内容的元数据关联。
在内容中央网络中，不像传统的IP网络，分组可以由HSVLI标识。例如，“abcd/bob/papers/ccn/news”可以是内容的名称，并且标识(一个或多个)对应分组，即来自在名为“ABCD”的组织处的名为“Bob”的用户的“ccn”报纸集合的“news”文章。
为了请求一条内容，节点通过内容名称来表示(例如广播)该内容中的兴趣。一条内容中的兴趣可以是根据内容的名称或标识符对内容的询问。如果在网络中可用，则内容从存储内容的任何节点被路由回到它。路由基础架构智能地将兴趣传播到可能具有信息的预期的节点，并且然后沿着兴趣经过的路径将可用内容载送回去。
图1示出根据本发明实施例的网络的示例性架构。在该示例中，网络180包括节点100-145。网络中的每一节点耦合到一个或多个其它节点。网络连接185是这种连接的示例。网络连接示出为实线，但每条线也可以表示子网络或超级网络，其可以将一个节点耦合到另一节点。网络180可以是本地网络，超级网络或子网络。这些网络中的每一个可以互连，从而一个网络中的节点可以到达其它网络中的节点。网络连接可以是宽带、无线、电话、卫星或任何类型的网络连接。节点可以是计算机系统、端点表示用户、和/或可以生成兴趣或者发源内容的设备。
根据本发明实施例，消费者可以生成一条内容中的兴趣，然后将该兴趣发送到网络180中的节点。该条内容可以由可以位于网络内部或外部的发行商或内容提供商存储在网络180中的节点。例如，在图1中，一条内容中的兴趣在节点105发源。如果内容在该节点处不可用，则兴趣流动到耦合到第一节点的一个或多个节点。例如，在图1中，兴趣流动(兴趣流150)到并不具有可用内容的节点115。接下来，兴趣从节点105流动(兴趣流155)到也不具有内容的节点125。兴趣然后流动(兴趣流160)到确实具有可用内容的节点130。内容的流然后反向折回其路径(内容流165、170和175)，直到其到达节点105，在此，内容得以传递。其它处理(例如认证)可以被包括在内容的流中。
在网络180中，内容持有者(节点130)与兴趣生成节点(节点105)之间的路径中的任何数量的中间节点(节点100-145)可以随着其行进穿过网络而参与缓存内容的本地副本。缓存通过隐式地共享对本地缓存内容的访问而减少了对于接近于其它订户定位的第二订户的网络负载。
传统分组转发是基于分配给节点(或节点的接口)的地址的。在IP寻址中，地址的层次划分得以使用，从而地址的第一部分标识网络，后面的部分标识该网络内的子网络，地址的结束标识子网络内的特定主机。这种布置允许分配唯一地址的责任被委派并且由此是分布的，从而因特网可以缩放至世界范围的大小。当将分组转发到输出端口时，其也通过限制IP路由器需要处理的信息量来使得能够进行缩放。
在一个实施例中，分组由具有层次结构化的HSVLI所标识。该HSVLI的层次结构提供了超越IP地址的层次结构的几个优点。这种标识符可以明确地通过名称而不是隐含地通过包括子网掩码的IP路由表条目来描述结构。因此，在HSVLI中，可以通过检查来检测层次中的命名错误，而基于IP的子网掩码错误可能将分组路由到错误的地址，并且更难以检测。
转发引擎可以使用各种方法来针对与转发信息关联的条目来匹配兴趣。例如，本发明实施例可以使用最长前缀匹配查找，其可以有利于具有HSVLI的分组的转发。例如，“/parc/home/smetters”中的兴趣将与“/parc/home/smetters/test.txt”和“/parc/home/smetters/bar.txt”(即这两个名称所标识的分组)都匹配。就名称分量的数量而言，最长匹配被看作是最佳的，因为它是最特定的。
本发明实施例使用上述基于HSVLI的路由处理，其中，内容反向折回兴趣路径并且在节点处进行高速缓存。这种新颖的路由机构可以有效地防止分组循环。节点可以确定复制分组何时根据替选路径到达并且拒绝转发它。因此，不必具有仅基于生成树的转发的限制，因为多个和可能环回的路径不会产生分组循环并且因此成本较小。节点可以一次标识并且使用朝向内容的潜在源的多条可能的路径，这使得能够进行传统IP路由无法进行的各种战略，在传统IP路由中，类似多播的路由或泛洪被禁止。对于任何特定内容集合，可以不仅存在一个而是几个可能的转发集合中的兴趣的接口选项，并且它们可以具有不同的特性。本发明实施例提供一种用于配置转发引擎来实现不同情况的最佳战略的手段。
在本发明一些实施例中，系统可以标识并且同时沿着多条路径朝向内容的潜在源转发分组。这种同时转发使得系统能够完成利用IP不可能完成的各种战略。例如，朝向内容的每一路径可以具有不同的特性，系统随后使用它们来配置转发引擎。
图2示出根据实施例的将具有HSVLI的分组经由两个不同的路由转发到同一网络的示例性系统。在该示例中，移动设备200通过接口230耦合到无线路由器210。注意，接口可以对应于发送兴趣并且接收内容的端口。进而，无线路由器210通过网络连接240耦合到网络220，网络220可以是内容中央网络。移动设备200表示一条可用内容中的兴趣250。移动设备200可以通过包括但不限于Wi-Fi、蓝牙
Figure BSA00000315230900061
和无线载波连接(即蜂窝网络连接)的所有可用连接性来广播兴趣250。接收兴趣并且具有与兴趣匹配的内容的任何网络节点可以进行响应。图2示出网络220用内容260进行响应，内容260通过无线路由器210转发回到移动设备200。
在选取接口中使用的准则的一个示例是在同一接口上对先前相似的兴趣的响应。例如，在图2中，兴趣250可以初始地在两个接口230和270上得以同时广播。系统于是可以发现通过接口270更快地接收与兴趣匹配的内容。系统将仅通过接口270而不是在接口230上进一步转发后续兴趣280-1、2、3、......。该示例示出系统可以基于其接收匹配内容所花费的时间改变其转发信息。
系统也可以基于转发的成本改变其对兴趣的转发。导致这种转发判断的策略的示例是用户偏好通过可用的Wi-Fi热点连接而不是更昂贵的载波网络来访问大型文件。
图2还示出兴趣280-1、2、3......的序列。虽然系统通过接口230和270广播兴趣250，但系统决定通过接口270转发后续兴趣280-1、2、3、.....。此外，系统也可以因为更好的网络条件(例如更低的延时)决定将这些兴趣转发到接口230。系统可以基于响应于在接口230和270上先前广播的兴趣250而返回的内容确定这种更低的延时。系统也可以在一个接口或另一接口上交替地转发各个兴趣，或者使用各种多播抑制技术在多个接口上同时发送它们。例如，系统可以连续地探测更好的连接性，并且根据该探测的结果转发兴趣。注意，响应于兴趣280-1、2、3、......，网络经由接口270将内容290-1、2、3、......返回到移动设备200。
图3示出根据实施例的转发与内容中两个不同兴趣对应的分组的示例性系统。在该示例中，移动设备200表示来自两个不同名称空间(“parc.com”和“/photo/ca/baybridge”)的内容中的兴趣，并且通过接口230和具有安全链路340的接口同时从这两个不同的名称空间拉出内容。如果用户在通过公共Wi-Fi连接拉出San Francisco Bay Bridge的图片的同时需要安全隧道来访问“/parc.com/jim”，则该示例可以出现。用于名称空间“/photo/ca/baybridge”的web服务器310返回与San Francisco Bay Bridge的图片中的兴趣匹配的内容。用于名称空间parc.com的安全服务器350返回与“/parc.com/jim”中的兴趣匹配的内容。
本发明实施例可以将转发引擎配置为通过单个或多个接口转发兴趣分组，允许在低级别多个接口当中的精细粒度动态选取。
图4表示示出根据实施例的转发具有HSVLI的兴趣分组的处理的高级架构。在该示例中，分组转发系统包括转发引擎400和连接性代理405。转发引擎400包括转发信息库(FIB)410、战略层415、端口420-A至420-D，其分别耦合到应用430、无线路由器435、移动设备440、以及锁定的移动设备445。在图4中各部件之间的双向箭头表示双向通信、源与目的箭头之间的可编程能力、或统计反馈。注意，端口具有输入侧(即输入端口)和输出侧(例如输出端口)。
FIB 410是可以促进通过最长匹配名称前缀的查找来确定可以将兴趣转发到哪个(哪些)接口的数据库。战略层415可以是硬件或软件，当查找产生多个接口时在多个接口当中进行精细粒度的逐个分组的判断。注意，端口可以与各个应用、本地网络或信道或隧道(例如安全加密的链路)进行通信。
考虑兴趣到达转发引擎400中的端口420-A。典型地，转发引擎400包括内容存储部分(CS，未示出)，其为先前接收到的内容的本地高速缓存。假设在端口420-A到达的新的兴趣与CS中的任何内容不匹配，则兴趣被发送到FIB 410，用于查找。系统可以使用各种查找方法，例如最长前缀匹配或精确匹配。如果系统在FIB 410中未找到匹配，则兴趣被发送到连接性代理405。连接性代理405可以用关于新内容集合的转发信息来配置FIB 410，假设连接性代理能够标识朝向该内容集合的方向(例如接口/隧道)。
在一个实施例中，连接性代理405确定待插入到FIB 410中的一个或多个条目，其指示如何基于兴趣、内容和/或转发策略来转发兴趣。系统于是可以将兴趣再次注入转发引擎400，这可以确保对于兴趣的匹配。
如果连接性代理405不能确定转发兴趣并且到达内容集合的方式，则兴趣可以被丢弃。注意，如果系统不能匹配FIB 410中的兴趣，则系统不立即丢弃兴趣。反之，系统将兴趣传递到连接性代理405，连接性代理405允许动态动作来标识FIB 410中先前未配置的路径。例如，连接性代理405可以对与用于公共因特网中动态交叠路由的兴趣关联的HSVLI的前缀执行域名系统(DNS)查找。例如，当连接性代理不运行时，转发引擎400可以仍然被配置为丢弃不匹配的兴趣。
如果系统标识用于FIB 410中的兴趣的匹配，则兴趣和对应的一个或多个输出端口可以被发送到战略层415。战略层415使用FIB 410中的成功查找的结果来确定哪些输出端口用于兴趣。注意，系统可以仍然将兴趣发送到连接性代理405，而不管在FIB 410中找到匹配。这种操作促进了机会本地广播，以找到内容以及对内容集合的特定路径的动态配置。
连接性代理405可以通过配置战略层415来控制所实现的策略，而无需处理每一单独分组。在一个实施例中，连接性代理405可以用在多个接口当中进行选取的规则来配置战略层415。例如，这种规则可以指定基于优先级的接口选择、基于循环序列的接口选择、或基于精细粒度的响应时序的接口优先级。在另一实施例中，配置代理405可以将可执行程序安装在战略层415中，从而战略层415可以执行程序来处理分组。可执行程序使得战略层415能够具有对转发分组的地方的精细粒度控制。
各种方法可以用于配置转发引擎400，以将兴趣传递到连接性代理405。例如，使用最长前缀匹配，FIB 410中的零长度前缀条目将与不匹配于较长“规则”条目的任何兴趣匹配。与零长度前缀匹配的兴趣将使得使用正常处理(即通过输出端口进行转发)将兴趣转发到连接性代理。相似地，与连接性代理405关联的接口可以被添加到用于FIB 410中的任何条目的列表。添加该条目可以允许对于特定路径以及机会广播的配置。简言之，从转发引擎400到连接性代理405的兴趣的传递可以通过FIB 410中的特殊情况处理(如当一点也没有匹配时那样)，或者通过FIB 410中的正常条目。
继续图4，连接性代理405包括判断层450，其基于数据库455设置转发规则。数据库455包括与兴趣匹配的内容的知识460(即HSVLI)、转发策略465、以及关于网络的上下文信息470。本发明实施例可以使用连接性代理405来整合数据库455中的信息并且配置转发信息库410来在动态网络环境中找寻内容。
与兴趣匹配的内容的知识460包括关于内容的信息，例如可以通过路由协议而学到的内容的位置、内容的可用性、以及内容对端用户的重要性或优先级。有很多不同方式来进行路由，以传播并且发现关于内容的位置和可用性的信息。
转发策略465可以包括策略规则、关于内容的特定集合的安全约束(例如个人信息)、以及通用战略规则(例如尝试所有输出端口来发现集合中的最快的内容的源)。系统可以基于HSVLI的前缀标识特定集合，并且可以将策略规则、约束以及战略与该前缀关联。
关于网络的上下文信息470可以包括关于可用物理层连接(Wi-Fi、LAN、载波网络等)、对等体的知识、网络成本、网络延时、以及电池状态的信息。对于从转发引擎400发送到判断层450的兴趣，判断层450可以与数据库455交互以确定如何配置FIB 410来控制朝向可以与兴趣匹配的内容的输出兴趣的转发。
判断层450可以聚合来自内容的知识460、转发策略465和上下文信息470的信息。基于在数据库455中可用的信息，连接性代理405可以例如通过在公共因特网上创建隧道连接来设置用于新端口的配置。
作为示例，考虑端口420-A上的“www.google.com/michael jackson/photo/”中的兴趣的到达。系统可以执行以下操作来创建新的端口。系统首先接收兴趣，该兴趣并不能被CS中的任何内容所满足。系统然后查找FIB 410中的兴趣。如果系统在FIB 410中未找到匹配，则系统将兴趣发送到连接性代理405。在连接性代理405内，判断层450聚合来自数据库455的关于内容、策略和可用网络的信息。具体地说，连接性代理405使用内容的知识460(例如，当与兴趣的HSVLI关联的标识符的前缀是DNS名称时)、转发策略465(例如尝试本地，使用最短延迟或最小往返时间、或没有关于给定集合的约束)、以及来自数据库455的上下文信息470(例如Wi-Fi和邻近网络节点)来确定如何转发兴趣。
如果兴趣的HSVLI包含域名，则连接性代理405执行DNS查找来发现可以对其创建隧道以用于网络交叠传送的IP地址。判断层450于是配置转发引擎400来创建经由相应输出端口的新隧道连接。判断层450还配置转发信息库410，从而“www.google.com”中的兴趣将在所有可用本地网络端口上首先被广播(以找寻本地副本，如果可用)，并且然后在与交叠隧道对应的端口上转发(如果尚未被满足)。随后，连接性代理405可以将兴趣再次注入转发引擎400，从而其可以根据新建立的配置而被转发。
作为第二示例，考虑从“www.bankofamerica.com/account/report”获得个人财务报告中的兴趣。以下是判断层450可以用于确定转发信息的每一群组内的匹配准则。内容的知识480可以使用与兴趣关联的前缀是具有可经由隧道到达的内容的DNS名称。转发策略465可以确定外部归属Wi-Fi网络是否应使用安全加密隧道，用于匹配“www.bankofamerica.com/account/report”的前缀。上下文信息470可以确定可用的机场Wi-Fi和/或载波网络。连接性代理405现在可以配置转发引擎400来使用端口420-c上的安全隧道，并且添加FIB条目，从而这些兴趣被转发到端口420-c，以确保没有展现关于请求的信息。
图5表示示出根据实施例的转发具有HSVLI的分组的处理的流程图。在操作期间，系统接收分组，其包括对于具有HSVLI的一条内容的兴趣(操作500)。例如，系统可以从转发引擎400或者从与系统关联的任何端口在连接性代理405处接收分组。随后，系统基于下述中的一个或多个确定用于HSVLI的转发信息：与HSVLI匹配的内容的知识460、转发策略465、以及关于网络的上下文信息470(操作510)。接下来，系统用转发信息配置转发引擎(操作520)。
配置转发信息可以涉及配置FIB 410的条目。例如，FIB 410可以包含前缀作为条目以及与每一条目关联的一个或多个输出端口。系统也可以修改现有条目，从而其与兴趣匹配，并且从而输出端口对应于连接性代理405所配置的转发信息。随后，系统基于转发信息转发分组(操作530)。转发分组可以涉及通过(一个或多个)输出端口发送分组并且由战略层415选择。
在一些实施例中，当其无法与接收到的FIB 410中的兴趣匹配时，系统不必触发连接性代理405。也就是说，连接性代理405可以响应于内容的知识460、转发策略465和上下文信息470的改变而在任何时间配置转发引擎400，该连接性代理405可以连续监控。例如，可对节点访问(上下文信息470的一部分)的本地网络可以随着节点四处移动而动态地改变。通过其它连接性代理执行路由协议可以导致可以找到各种前缀之下的内容的地方的知识的改变。这些改变可以导致对FIB 410的配置的改变。
到数据库455的更新的另一源是转发引擎400，其可以将统计信息提供给连接性代理405。例如，关于在不同接口(端口)上检索内容的一致双向延迟的统计信息可以由连接性代理405用于改变FIB410中的多个接口的优先级。战略层415与判断层450之间的双向箭头的一个方向表示从战略层415到判断层450的统计信息的流。
连接性代理405也可以执行主动操作来更新数据库455。例如，连接性代理405可以周期性地或者连续地在本地网络上运行发现协议来标识其可以对于信息的交换而与之建立安全隧道的节点。此外，连接性代理405可以发现网络中的特定移动节点不再可访问，因为节点被其拥有者移动。
图6表示示出根据实施例的运行发现协议来标识提供内容并且建立至其的隧道的节点的处理的流程图。在操作期间，系统可以周期性地或者连续地更新数据库(例如数据库455)来通过发现网络中的节点确定转发信息(操作600)。接下来，系统可以建立与发现的节点的安全隧道，以接收与兴趣匹配的内容(操作610)。
系统可以基于统计信息的流以及战略层415与判断层450之间的性能信息来配置FIB 410。战略层415可以提供基于性能的调谐，以在改变条件下利用多个连接。战略层415也可以用于进行最后一分钟或精细时间缩放调整，以供端口使用。作为用于战略层415与判断层450之间的信息流的该闭合循环的控制机构，阈值机构可以用于基于统计信息和性能反馈数据来设置什么工作以及什么不工作的条件。
以下示例示出判断层450如何使用来自战略层415的信息来再次注入兴趣并且重新配置端口。判断层450可以设置规则来在所有可用的端口上广播特定兴趣。对于后续兴趣，判断层450通知转发引擎400将所有输出兴趣路由到导向至公共Wi-Fi的端口。但基于Wi-Fi接口正糟糕地执行的从战略层415到判断层450的实时信息，判断层450重新配置FIB 410，以对用于正较好地执行的本地网络的替选端口赋予优先级。
作为另一示例，判断层450可以基于战略层415存储并且收集并且转发到判断层450的历史性能数据(例如往返时间(RTT)和层2性能数据)设置新的转发规则。
系统也可以从网络上的其它设备学习策略。一旦设备关联为属于特定设备族，例如，系统就可以从该设备检索并且证实配置信息。该情况的示例是从该设备直接到转发策略465的策略信息的流。
系统可以促进关于设备和策略的知识的病毒式传播。例如，系统(其可以位于网络中的节点)可以请求或者与另一授权的节点共享关于用于内容集合(例如特定图片)的源位于网络各项(terms)的何处的信息。这种信息可以包括例如源直接连接到的(一个或多个)本地网络的标识符以及源可以使用的(一个或多个)IP地址的多个项。这种关于设备的上下文知识可以用于选择并且配置到它们的连接，例如交叠隧道。系统所处的节点于是可以将该信息传播到另一节点。在具有连续运动移动设备的环境(例如机场)中，很多节点可以在几分钟内通过这种信息而“感染”彼此。例如，节点1可以“感染”节点2，节点2可以“感染”节点3，节点3可以“感染”节点4，依此类推。
这种关于设备和策略的知识的病毒传播可以由系统的用于在没有其它节点的知识的情况下通过名称检索内容的能力以及系统的安全模型实现，系统的安全模型可以允许安全验证待从最小配置引导的信息。作为另一示例，新设备可以动态地从旧的替换设备得知数据库，无需完全重新配置。
系统可以在多个端口上转发兴趣。也就是说，系统可以尝试并行地经由多个网络路径检索内容，并且没有在生成树上转发的限制，生成树将限制在任何一个节点处到单个链路的转发。例如，同一内容集合(例如同一前缀名称空间)中的兴趣序列可以在多个端口上分离。此外，用户可能想要下载视频然后登机，并且与视频关联的兴趣可以同时分布在多个端口上，以改进下载时间。例如，视频的不同分段可以由同时兴趣请求。作为对照示例，转发策略465可以指定为所有兴趣使用所有可用端口，以确保较高的可靠性。判断层450可以负责设置1加1冗余。
图7表示根据实施例的转发具有HSVLI的分组的装置。
根据实施例，用于在网络中转发具有HSVLI的分组的装置700包括处理器705、存储器710、存储部分715、接收机构720、确定机构725、配置机构730、以及转发机构735，它们全部可以通过各种手段彼此进行通信。
在一些实施例中，机构720-735可以是处理器705的一部分。此外，在一些实施例中，系统可以不包括分离的处理器和存储器。反之，除了执行它们的特定任务之外，机构720-735分离地或者一致地可以是通用计算引擎的一部分。
存储部分715存储待由处理器705执行的程序。具体地说，存储部分715存储实现用于转发具有HSVLI的分组的系统(应用)的程序。在操作期间，应用程序可以从存储部分715加载到存储器710中，并且由处理器705执行。结果，用于转发具有HSVLI的分组的装置700可以执行上述各功能。用于转发具有HSVLI的分组的装置700可以耦合到可选显示器750、键盘740以及指点设备745。装置700还耦合到网络755，网络755可以是以内容为中心的。
在实施例中，处理器705激活接收机构720并且为其提供分组。接下来，处理器705激活确定机构725，并且向其提供分组指示的HSVLI，并且可选地向其提供分组。随后，处理器705激活配置机构730，并且向其提供从确定机构725获得的转发信息。接下来，处理器705通过下述激活转发机构735，并且向其提供从确定机构725获得的转发信息：将与分组关联的兴趣再次注入转发引擎400，并且从转发信息库410获得转发信息。

Claims (6)

1.一种由计算机实施的用于在网络中转发具有层次结构化可变长度标识符(HSVLI)的分组的方法，其中，所述计算机包括处理器，所述方法包括：
接收分组，其包含对于具有HSVLI的一条内容的兴趣，
其中，所述HSVLI指示一条内容并且是层次结构化的，并且包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的邻近分量；以及
其中，相应HSVLI的长度并不固定；
基于下述中的一个或多个来确定用于HSVLI的转发信息：
与HSVLI匹配的内容的知识；
转发策略；以及
关于所述网络的上下文信息；
用所述转发信息来配置转发引擎；以及
基于所述转发信息转发所述分组。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中，与HSVLI匹配的内容的知识包括下述中的一个或多个：
与HSVLI匹配的内容的位置；
与HSVLI匹配的内容的可用性；以及
与HSVLI匹配的内容的重要性或优先级。
3.权利要求2的方法，
其中，HSVLI的一个或多个分量包括域名系统(DNS)名称；以及
其中，确定转发信息包括：基于HSVLI中的DNS名称确定输出接口。
4.权利要求1的方法，其中，所述策略包括下述中的一个或多个：
关于与HSVLI匹配的内容的策略规则；
关于与HSVLI匹配的内容的安全约束；以及
用于发现与HSVLI匹配的内容的源的战略规则。
5.权利要求1的方法，其中，上下文信息包括关于下述中的一个或多个的信息：
物理层连接性，其包括下述中的一个或多个：WiFi连接性、局域网(LAN)连接性、广域网(WAN)连接性、以及其它有线或无线连接性；
对等节点，其可能存储与HSVLI匹配的内容；
网络成本；
网络延时；以及
电池状态。
6.一种用于在网络中转发具有层次结构化可变长度标识符(HSVLI)的分组的装置，包括：
处理器；
存储器；
接收机构，其被配置为接收分组，其包括对于具有HSVLI的一条内容的兴趣，
其中，HSVLI指示一条内容并且是层次结构化的，并且包括从最一般级别到最特定级别排序的邻近分量；以及
其中，相应HSVLI的长度并不固定；
确定机构，其被配置为基于下述中的一个或多个确定用于HSVLI的转发信息：
与HSVLI匹配的内容的知识；
转发策略；以及
关于网络的上下文信息；
配置机构，其被配置为用转发信息配置转发引擎；以及
转发机构，其被配置为基于转发信息转发分组。
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