CN101953700A - 具有加固管腔的柔性进入组件 - Google Patents

具有加固管腔的柔性进入组件 Download PDF

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CN101953700A
CN101953700A CN2010101824335A CN201010182433A CN101953700A CN 101953700 A CN101953700 A CN 101953700A CN 2010101824335 A CN2010101824335 A CN 2010101824335A CN 201010182433 A CN201010182433 A CN 201010182433A CN 101953700 A CN101953700 A CN 101953700A
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吉恩·A·施特伦
丹尼·贝里
保罗·D·理查德
卡朗·内吉欧
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    • A61B17/3431—Cannulas being collapsible, e.g. made of thin flexible material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3417—Details of tips or shafts, e.g. grooves, expandable, bendable; Multiple coaxial sliding cannulas, e.g. for dilating
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    • A61B17/3423—Access ports, e.g. toroid shape introducers for instruments or hands
    • A61B2017/3429—Access ports, e.g. toroid shape introducers for instruments or hands having a unitary compressible body, e.g. made of silicone or foam
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3462—Trocars; Puncturing needles with means for changing the diameter or the orientation of the entrance port of the cannula, e.g. for use with different-sized instruments, reduction ports, adapter seals
    • A61B2017/3464—Trocars; Puncturing needles with means for changing the diameter or the orientation of the entrance port of the cannula, e.g. for use with different-sized instruments, reduction ports, adapter seals with means acting on inner surface of valve or seal for expanding or protecting, e.g. inner pivoting fingers

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种具有加固管腔的柔性进入组件。上述具有加固管腔的柔性进入组件用于通过单一切口插入。进入组件包括具有近侧端和远侧端的泡沫主体和贯穿泡沫主体的多个管腔，每个管腔包括延伸了主体长度的套筒。

Description

具有加固管腔的柔性进入组件
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2009年5月19日提交的美国临时申请第61/179,446号的权益，其全部内容通过引用合并于此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在单一切口外科手术操作中使用的柔性进入组件。更特别地，本发明涉及一种具有多个器械管腔的柔性进入组件。
背景技术
用于执行闭合外科手术操作的方法和设备是已知的。这种手术操作大大减少了手术后的恢复时间并将对患者的创伤降到最小。典型地，这些手术操作包括通过患者的腹壁插入一个或者多个进入组件并对腹腔吹气。腹腔镜或者其它观察器械通过进入组件中的一个或者直接通过腹壁而插入以向医生提供腹腔的图像。然后，医生能够通过操纵已经贯穿进入组件的器械在腹腔内执行手术操作。
已经插进腹腔中的进入组件的数量、大小和构造限制了医生可用来完成闭合手术操作的器械的数量和类型。由于传统的进入组件被构造为仅为单一器械提供进入，因此任何附加器械的同时使用需要相应的进入组件。对于完成手术操作所必需的每个附加的进入组件，必须产生附加的切口。每个附加的切口增加了手术的长度，并且可能延长手术后的恢复时间。
因此，希望提供一种用于通过患者体内的单一切口插入的进入组件，该进入组件提供用于容纳一个或者多个手术器械的多个管腔。
发明内容
因此，提供了一种用于通过单一切口插入的进入组件。进入组件包括主体(例如泡沫主体)，所述主体具有近侧端、远侧端和贯穿泡沫主体的多个管腔，每个管腔包括延伸了主体长度的至少一部分的套筒。
泡沫主体可以包括中央部和在中央部的近侧端处的上凸缘。主体可以具有在中央部的远侧端处的下凸缘，上凸缘的直径可以大于中央部的直径。进入组件可以包括三个管腔。套筒可以和主体一体形成，或者替代地，套筒可以与主体牢固地固定在一起。套筒可以由聚合物和塑料中的一种构成。套筒可以限定圆形横截面。套筒可以包括编织材料。进入组件可以进一步包括通过多个管腔插入的一个或者多个套管组件。主体可以包括聚对二甲苯涂层。也可以采用其他各种涂层，例如亲水涂层、疏水涂层、生物制剂涂层、防感染涂层和止痛(analgesic)涂层。
进一步提供了一种进入体腔的方法。该方法包括步骤：产生一穿过腹壁的切口；提供具有柔性主体和多个管腔的进入组件，所述管腔贯穿柔性主体并且每个管腔包括延伸了主体长度的套筒；压缩柔性主体以使得柔性主体可以通过切口插入；通过切口插入经压缩的主体；释放经压缩的主体以允许主体朝原始形状恢复；以及通过多个管腔中的一个或者多个来容纳套管组件。
该方法可以进一步包括通过一个或者多个套管组件来容纳一个或者多个器械以及将一个或者多个套管组件移出的步骤。该方法可以进一步包括通过多个管腔中的一个来容纳气门组件的步骤。主体可以包括聚对二甲苯涂层。也可以采用其他各种涂层，例如亲水涂层、疏水涂层、生物制剂涂层、防感染涂层和止痛涂层。
附图说明
此处参照附图公开了柔性进入组件的实施例，其中：
图1是根据本公开的进入组件的实施例的立体图；
图2是图1的进入组件的俯视图；
图3是沿着图2的线3-3截取的图1和图2的进入组件的横截面侧视图；
图4是具有穿过其的切口的组织部分的立体图，同时以虚像示出了下方的身体器官；
图5是准备通过组织中的切口插入的图1的进入组件的立体图；
图6是通过组织中的切口定位的图1的柔性进入组件的立体图；
图7是部分以横截面示出的图1的进入组件的侧视图，包括容纳在其中的旋塞阀和一对套管组件；
图8是根据本公开的进入组件的可选实施例的立体图；
图9是图10的进入组件的俯视图；以及
图10是沿着图9的线10-10截取的图9和图10的进入组件的横截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图详细描述本发明的进入组件的实施例，其中相似的附图标记表示几幅视图的每幅中相同或者相对应的元件。如本领域所公知的，术语“近侧”指的是靠近用户或者操作者、例如外科医生或者内科医生的部分或者部件，而“远侧”指的是远离用户的部分或者部件。
参照图1-3，公开了一种使用于单一切口手术中的进入组件10。进入组件10是柔性的或者可压缩的以允许其通过患者体内的单一切口插入，以使得进入组件会在插入之后在切口内膨胀并密封。另外，进入组件10的柔性特征使得通过其插入的手术器械绕手术器械的轴线被操纵，从而允许手术器械更大程度的运动以使手术器械相对于被操作的组织定位。
仍参照图1-3，进入组件10包括限定了多个管腔16、18、20的柔性主体或者外壳12。主体12可以由各种材料形成，诸如硅树脂、热塑性弹性材料(TPE)、橡胶、泡沫、凝胶等。这样，进入组件10的主体12可以被压缩或者挤压，并通过患者体内的切口插入。在一个实施例中，主体12包括注入有诸如CO2或者氮气的惰性气体以形成泡沫结构的TPE材料。为了在所有外表面上产生润滑表面，主体12可以用诸如聚对二甲苯(Parylene N)或聚氯代对二甲苯(Parylene C)的润滑剂涂敷。也可以采用其他各种涂层，例如亲水涂层、疏水涂层、生物制剂涂层、防感染涂层和止痛涂层。这样，涂层有利于主体12插进切口中和并有利于套管组件(图8)通过主体插入。
仍参照图1-3，从侧面看时，主体12限定了大体上为沙漏的形状，主体12包括具有上凸缘24和下凸缘28的中央部22，其中上凸缘24位于中央部22的近侧端26处，下凸缘28位于中央部22的远侧端30处。上凸缘24和下凸缘28帮助防止进入组件10通过患者切口“I”(图4)的纵向运动。
管腔16、18、20贯穿主体12并限定了被构造为容纳套管组件50(图7)、气门组件60和/或其他吹气设备的纵向轴线。如图所示，管腔16、18、20分别包括延伸了主体12长度的套筒16a、18a、20a。套筒16a、18a、20a可以与主体12一体形成，或者相反，使用粘合剂、超声焊接或者其它适当的方式使套筒牢固地固定到主体12上。套筒16a、18a、20a可以由塑料、聚合物或者其它适当的材料形成，并被构造为当套管组件或者其他设备通过其插入时防止主体12的破裂。典型地，套筒16a、18a、20a由比主体12更硬或者更不易变形的材料形成以抵抗拉伸。套筒16a、18a、20a也可以用润滑剂涂敷以有助于套管组件50和/或气门组件60插入。
现在参照图4-7，现在将描述进入组件10在单一切口外科手术操作中的使用。虽然进入组件10将被描述为涉及用于切除和移出身体器官的手术操作，但是本公开的方案可以被改进为在任意闭合手术操作中使用，不应当被理解为局限于此处所描述的手术操作。
先参照图4，单一切口“I”穿过体组织“T”形成并位于诸如肾“K”的体器官上方。现在转向图5，一旦已经通过体组织“T”形成了切口“I”，则挤压或者压缩进入组件10的主体12以将主体12缩小到相对更小的直径以通过切口“I”插入。如上文所记载的，主体12是由允许进入组件10被压缩的柔性材料所形成的。应当认识到，主体12在被插进切口之前可以被压缩成任意适当的构造，而不仅仅是图5中所示的构造。例如，在一个实施例中，在插入主体12之前，主体12在其远侧端处被夹紧而外壳12的近侧端实质上保持未压缩，并且被夹紧的远侧端插入到切口中。
参照图6，一旦柔性进入组件10通过切口“I”插入，则释放主体12上的压力，允许主体12在切口“I”内朝其初始的未压缩状态恢复。典型地，切口“I”形成为具有比初始未压缩状态下的外壳12的直径更小的尺寸。这样，当外壳12位于切口“I”内时，外壳12接触并压向切口“I”的内表面，从而使开口缩进并密封切口“I”。由于切口在形成时通常是狭长形的，因此外壳12位于切口内的部分可以是略微椭圆形的(从上方看时)。如上文所记载的，主体12包括上凸缘24和下凸缘28，以防止进入组件10通过体组织“T”内的切口“I”移动。
转向图7，一旦插入组件10已经定位在肾“K”上方，就可以将套管组件50和/或气门组件60通过密封的管腔16、18、20插入以对肾“K”进行操作。套管组件50包括被构造为密封地容纳器械5的外壳52和被构造为贯穿管腔16、18和20中的一个的细长套管52。外壳52可以包括吹气口53。虽然示出的是包括套管组件50，但是能够通过管腔16、18、20容纳的任意套管组件可以与进入组件10一起使用。气门组件60被构造为通过管腔16、18、20中的一个被容纳。气门组件60可以包括用以选择性地提供通过进入组件10的吹气的旋塞阀或者其他类型的阀门62。虽然示出的是包括气门组件60，但是能够密封地容纳在管腔16、18、20中的任意气门组件可以与进入组件10一起使用。
仍参照图7，一旦已经通过套管组件50的吹气口53或者气门组件60对体腔进行了适当地吹气，就可以对肾“K”进行操作以将肾从周围组织中切除。诸如组织抓紧器或者手术吻合器的一个或者多个手术器械通过套管组件50插入，并在套管组件50内被操纵以完成操作。如图所示，器械5可以通过已经容纳了套管组件50的任一密封管腔16、18、20在箭头“A”的方向上插入和缩回。由于进入组件10的柔性特征，套管组件50可以相对于进入组件10弯曲。这样，一旦通过套管组件50插入了器械5，操作器械5的近侧端5a就可以在任意方向上被操纵，如在箭头“B”所示的方向上被操纵。因此，进入组件10允许外科医生相对于正被操作的组织在各个位置上对器械5进行操纵或者定位。套管组件50也可以相对于彼此弯曲。这样，通过第一套管组件插入的第一器械可以相对于通过第二套管组件插入的第二器械被操纵。
在操作完成时，将套管组件50和气门组件60从相应的管腔16、18、20移出。然后压缩或者挤压进入组件10以使得进入组件10从切口“T”移出。然后以传统的方式闭合切口“T”。
现在转向图4-6，根据本公开的进入组件的可选实施例一般地示为进入组件110。进入组件110大体上类似于上文所描述的进入组件10，并且将仅仅描述涉及两者之间差异的部分。进入组件110包括限定了多个管腔116、118、120的主体112。管腔116、118、120中的每个分别包括套筒116a、118a、120a。套筒116a、118a、120a中的每个由编织网线形成。如上文所述的套筒16a、18a、20a一样，套筒116a、118a、120a被配置为当套管组件和其它设备通过其插入时防止主体112的破裂。
应当理解的是，可以对此处所公开的实施例做出各种改进。例如，如上文所记载的，公布的柔性进入组件可以提供多于所公开的三个管腔的多个管腔。另外，公布的管腔的直径或者构造不需要相同，而是可以依靠预计要用来穿过其中的手术器械而变化。因此，以上描述不应当理解为限制性的，但是仅仅作为特定实施例的范例。本领域技术人员可以在此所附的权利要求的范围和精神内想象出其他的改进。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于通过组织插入的进入组件，所述进入组件包括：
泡沫主体，其具有近侧端和远侧端；以及
多个管腔，其贯穿柔性的所述主体，每个管腔包括延伸了主体长度的至少一部分的套筒。
2.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中所述主体具有中央部和在所述中央部的近侧端处的上凸缘。
3.如权利要求2所述的进入组件，其中所述主体具有在所述中央部的远侧端处的下凸缘。
4.如权利要求2所述的进入组件，其中所述上凸缘的直径大于所述中央部的直径。
5.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中包括三个管腔。
6.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中所述套筒和所述主体一体形成。
7.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中所述套筒与所述主体牢固地固定在一起。
8.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中所述套筒限定圆形横截面。
9.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中进一步包括通过所述多个管腔插入的一个或者多个套管组件。
10.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中所述套筒由聚合物和塑料中的一种构成。
11.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中所述套筒包括编织材料。
12.如权利要求1所述的进入组件，其中所述主体包括聚对二甲苯涂层、亲水涂层、疏水涂层、生物制剂涂层、防感染涂层和止痛涂层中的至少一种涂层。
13.一种进入体腔的方法，包括以下步骤：
产生一穿过腹壁的切口；
提供具有泡沫主体和多个管腔的进入组件，所述管腔贯穿所述主体并且每个管腔包括延伸了主体长度的套筒；
压缩主体以使得其能够通过所述切口插入；
通过所述切口插入经压缩的主体；
释放经压缩的主体以允许主体朝原始形状恢复；以及
通过多个管腔中的一个或者多个来容纳套管组件。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，进一步包括通过一个或者多个所述套管组件来容纳一个或者多个器械的步骤。
15.根据权利要求13所述的方法，进一步包括将一个或者多个所述套管组件移出的步骤。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，进一步包括通过所述多个管腔中的一个来容纳气门组件的步骤。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述主体包括聚对二甲苯涂层。
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