CN101952521B - 龙头的电容性耦合配置 - Google Patents

龙头的电容性耦合配置 Download PDF

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CN101952521B
CN101952521B CN2008801208226A CN200880120822A CN101952521B CN 101952521 B CN101952521 B CN 101952521B CN 2008801208226 A CN2008801208226 A CN 2008801208226A CN 200880120822 A CN200880120822 A CN 200880120822A CN 101952521 B CN101952521 B CN 101952521B
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valve
electronic operation
touch sensor
outlet
manually operated
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CN101952521A (zh
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罗伯特·W·罗登贝克
大卫·M·伯克
乔尔·D·萨瓦斯基
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Masco Corp
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Delta Faucet Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/05—Arrangements of devices on wash-basins, baths, sinks, or the like for remote control of taps
    • E03C1/055—Electrical control devices, e.g. with push buttons, control panels or the like
    • E03C1/057—Electrical control devices, e.g. with push buttons, control panels or the like touchless, i.e. using sensors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
    • E03C1/05—Arrangements of devices on wash-basins, baths, sinks, or the like for remote control of taps
    • E03C1/055—Electrical control devices, e.g. with push buttons, control panels or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96—Touch switches
    • H03K17/962—Capacitive touch switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/94052—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated with evaluation of actuation pattern or sequence, e.g. tapping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/94084—Transmission of parameters among sensors or between sensor and remote station
    • H03K2217/94089—Wireless transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/1842—Ambient condition change responsive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/9464—Faucets and spouts

Abstract

龙头(10)包括出口(12)，引导流体流过出口(12)的通道，位于通道内的可电子操作的阀(22)，位于通道内并与可电子操作的阀串接的手动阀(20)以及控制手动阀(20)的手动把手(14)。龙头(10)还包括手动阀把手(14)上的第一触摸传感器(26)，出口(12)上的第二触摸传感器(28)，直接耦接至第一和第二触摸传感器(26，28)中的一个并电容性耦合至第一和第二触摸传感器(26，28)中的另一个的电容传感器(30)，以及耦接至电容传感器(30)的控制器(24)。控制器(24)被配置成监控来自电容传感器(30)的输出信号并对用户敲击出口(12)和手动阀把手(14)中的一个、用户抓握出口(12)和用户抓握手动阀把手(14)进行分辨。控制器(24)还被耦接至可电子操作的阀(22)以响应来自电容传感器(30)的输出信号来控制可电子操作的阀(22)。

Description

龙头的电容性耦合配置
本发明的背景及摘要
本发明涉及用于龙头的激活的电容传感器的改进。更具体地，本发明涉及电容性触摸传感器在龙头出口和龙头把手内的放置或者靠近龙头出口和龙头把手的放置以感应龙头的用户的触摸，然后基于来自电容传感器的输出信号控制龙头。
在一个示例性的实施例中，龙头包括龙头的出口内的触摸传感器，以及手动阀把手内的另一个触摸传感器。出口内的触摸传感器允许用户仅仅通过敲击出口来打开和关闭水流。在该示例性的实施例中，龙头对敲击出口以打开或关闭水流，以及长时间握住或抓握出口进行分辨，举例来说，将它从水槽的一个盆转动至另一个盆。因此龙头提供了一种简单方便的方法来打开和关闭水流而不调整水的流速和温度。
把手内的触摸传感器也可以用于敲击控制，它对握住或抓握把手以调整水流速或温度，以及仅仅敲击把手以切换水流关闭或打开进行分辨。把手内的触摸传感器提供附加的用于龙头的输入数据源，该输入数据源允许龙头更精确地判定用户的意图，从而在直观和容易使用的同时提供更大的节水量。
根据本公开所示的实施例，一种龙头包括出口，引导流体流过出口的通道，位于通道内的可电子操作的阀，位于通道内并与可电子操作的阀串接的手动阀，以及控制手动阀的手动把手。龙头还包括手动阀把手上的第一触摸传感器，出口上的第二触摸传感器，直接耦接至第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的一个并电容性耦合至第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的另一个的电容传感器，以及耦接至电容传感器的控制器。电容传感器提供输出信号。控制器被配置为监控来自电容传感器的输出信号并对用户敲击电容传感器和手动阀把手中的一个、用户抓握电容传感器和用户抓握手动阀把手进行分辨。控制器还被耦接至可电子操作的阀以响应来自电容传感器的输出信号来控制可电子操作的阀。
根据本公开所示的另一个实施例，提供一种控制龙头内的流体流动的方法，该龙头具有出口，引导流体流过出口的通道，位于通道内的可电子操作的阀，位于通道内并与可电子操作的阀串接的手动阀，以及控制手动阀的手动把手。该方法包括在手动阀把手上设置第一触摸传感器；在出口上设置第二触摸传感器；设置电容传感器，将第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的一个直接耦接至电容传感器，将第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的另一个电容性耦合至同一电容传感器；监控来自电容传感器的输出信号以检测用户对第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器两者的触摸；以及响应监控步骤，控制可电子操作的阀。
在考虑到下面的对作为实施本发明的最佳方式的示例的说明性实施例的详细说明，本发明额外的特征和优点对于本领域技术人员来说是很明显的。
附图说明
对附图的详细说明特别地参照如下附图：
图1是包括电容传感器系统的流体输送组件的方框图；
图2是具有单个电容传感器的双电极的电容性耦合传感系统的实例；
图3是说明通过绝缘体电容性耦合龙头体中枢的流体输送组件的出口的方框图；
图4图解响应图1和图2的第一和第二电极上的短的敲击和较久的抓握的信号振幅输出；
图5是说明由控制器执行的以分辨对图1和图2的电容传感器系统的第一和第二电极的短的敲击和较久的抓握的步骤；以及
图6是说明基于电容传感器的输出控制流体流动的工作状态图。
具体实施方式
为帮助理解本发明的原理的目的，现在将参照某些图解的实施例并使用具体的文字描述这些实施例。尽管如此，要理解的是这并非意欲限制本发明的范围。本文中所描述的本发明的这样的变更和进一步的变形，以及本发明的原理的进一步应用对于本发明所属技术领域的技术人员来说是容易想到的，是被考虑到并希望被保护的。
图1是图解本发明的传感龙头系统10的一个实施例的方框图。举例来说，系统10包括用于将诸如水的流体输送进水槽盆内的出口12，以及至少一个用于以手动方式控制水流过出口12的手动阀把手14。示例性地，热水源16和冷水源18被耦接至手动阀体组件20。在一个示例性的实施例中，为热水和冷水源16、18提供独立的手动阀把手14。在另一个示例性的实施例中，诸如对于厨房应用，使用单个手动阀把手14以用于热水和冷水输送。在这样的厨房实施例中，手动阀把手14和出口12通常通过单个安装孔(hole mount)耦接至盆。阀体组件20的输出耦接至致动器驱动阀22，该致动器驱动阀22由来自控制器24的输入信号电子控制。示例性地，阀20和22位于引导流体流过出口12的通道内。在示例性的实施例中，致动器驱动阀22可以是磁性闩锁液控电磁阀(magnetically latchingpilot-controlled solenoid valve)。
在替代的实施例中，热水源16和冷水源18可以被直接连接至致动器驱动阀22以提供无需任何手动控制的全自动龙头。在另一个实施例中，控制器24控制电子比例阀(未显示)以便水从热水和冷水源16、18被供给至出口12。
因为致动器驱动阀22是由控制器24电子控制，可以如本文所讨论的使用来自电容传感器30的输出来控制水的流动。如图1所示，当致动器驱动阀22打开的时候，可以通过把手14和阀体组件20的手动阀构件的操作以手动控制模式操作龙头系统。相反地，当设定手动控制的阀体组件20来选择水温和流速时，当用户的手触摸传感器时，致动器驱动阀22可以被触摸控制，如下面所讨论地切换水流的打开和关闭。
第一触摸传感器电极26电耦接至手动阀把手14。示例性地，出口12具有电容性耦合至第一电极26的第二触摸传感器电极28。示例性地，出口12由导电材料构成，以形成第二触摸传感器电极28。替代地，独立的电极28可以被耦接至出口12。
第一电极26直接耦接至控制器24的电容传感器30。在图1的实施例中，使用电线将第一电极26与电容传感器30连接。要理解的是，根据本发明可以使用任何传统的电容传感器30。举例来说，参见通过引用被并入本文的第6,962,168号美国专利。由于往往出口12是可动的，因此并不希望有至出口12的电极28的电线连接。因此，如下面更详细地讨论的，出口12的电极28电容性耦合至电极26。要理解的是，在另一个实施例中，出口12上的第二电极28可以被直接耦接至电容传感器30，并且把手14上的第一电极26可以被电容性耦合至第一电极28。
图2是使用单个电容传感器30的双电极的电容性耦合传感配置的实例。虽然本文明确地揭示图2的实施例用于诸如龙头的液体输送设备，但是要理解的是本文使用的传感和控制技术也可以有其它的应用。
图3图解单安装孔龙头31的补充细节。举例来说，通过把手14和中枢32之间的金属与金属接触，龙头体中枢32电耦接至手动阀把手14。手动阀把手14以传统的方式可动地耦接至龙头体中枢32，以通过阀20控制水流和温度。由于手动阀把手14和龙头体中枢32是电连接的，第一电极26可以按照要求被耦接至手动阀把手14或中枢32。
出口12通过绝缘体34被耦接至龙头体中枢32。在一个实施例中，诸如用于厨房龙头，出口12可相对于龙头体中枢32旋转。在另外的实施例中，出口12可以相对于龙头体中枢32固定。出口12可以包括与出口12电绝缘的拉出式或拉下式喷头。
如上所讨论的，手动阀把手14被电连接至龙头体中枢32。出口12通过绝缘体34电容性地耦合至体中枢。当用户的手触摸手动阀把手14时，直接与接地的电容耦接。因此，与触摸出口12的时候相比，当用户触摸把手14的时候，控制器24的电容传感器30检测到更大的电容差异。这导致，与触摸出口12的时候相比，当用户的手触摸手动阀把手14时会产生更大振幅的输出信号。通过将输出信号的振幅与预定阈值进行比较，控制器24能够检测到龙头何处被触摸以及龙头被触摸多长时间，以使得控制器24作出如下面所讨论的水激活决定。
下面是用于处理两个电极26、28的“触摸”条件的算法的说明，使用检测电容变化的单个电容传感器30将这两个电极彼此电容性耦接。对电极26、28如何以及何时被触摸的判读被用于判定何时开动电子阀22。
应该理解的是，本文详细描述的方法和设备可以与下述专利申请中揭示的龙头结合在一起使用：于2007年12月11日提交的公开号为WO2008/088534并且标题为“多模式自动龙头”的PCT国际专利申请，以及于2006年12月29日提交的序列号为11/641,574并且公开号为2007/0157978的美国专利申请，上述专利申请公开的内容通过引用被特意并入本文。
举例来说，首先将描述用于分辨对出口12或把手14的短的敲击和较久的抓握的检测算法的第一实施例。下面的定义将在检测算法的第一实例中使用。“敲击”是短持续时间的触摸，目的是将水或流体打开或关闭。“抓握”具有较长持续时间，诸如当用户握住出口12以使得出口从水槽盆的一个区域移动到另一个区域时或者当用户握住手动阀把手14以调节流体的流速或温度时。下面的定义适用于第一实施例。在下面讨论的第二实施例中敲击和抓握被不同地判定。
·转换速率：输出信号的最大变化率，用单位/秒表示。(例如：计数/秒，伏特/秒，LSbs/秒)
·直接耦接：电极电阻性地耦接或连接至传感器的输入这样的连接。
·电容性耦合：电极至传感器的输入的连接，由于通过具有规定介电常数的一些材料物理地分隔，该连接本质上是电容性的。在此类构造中的连接中不存在电阻性的元件。
·敲击：当传感器的输出信号在预先规定的阈值的绝对值上方越过持续某个时间段tR，并且满足下面的条件：TTAP_MIN≤tR＜TTAP_MAX时发生的事件。
·抓握：在任意时间传感器的输出信号在预先规定的阈值的绝对值上方越过持续至少TTAP_MAX时发生的事件。
·触摸：被定义为在任意时间当传感器的输出信号在预先规定的阈值的绝对值上方越过持续至少TTAP_MIN时发生的事件。
·释放：被定义为在任意时间当传感器的输出信号在预先规定的阈值的绝对值下方越过时发生的事件。
·TTAP_MIN：传感器的输出信号必须在预先规定的阈值的绝对值上方越过以够条件成为敲击情形的规定的、最小的时间量。
·TTAP_MAX：传感器的输出信号必须在预先规定的阈值的绝对值上方越过以够条件成为敲击情形的规定的、最大的时间量。信号必须在该时间之前降至阈值以下，以便仍够条件成为敲击情形。如果信号在超过该时段后仍处于阈值上方，则出现抓握情形。
图4示出了如上所讨论的使用单个电容传感器30的双电极26、28的电容性耦合传感配置的典型输出响应信号。图4中能够看到人对各个电极26、28的触摸之间的区别。可能的算法阈值设定在图4的图表中显示。举例来说，图4在线80处示出了下阈值振幅，在线82处示出了中间阈值振幅，在线84处示出了上阈值振幅。
由于所选择的连接至特别的电极的传感器的转换速率，对于输出信号来说将用最小的时间量达到它的最大振幅并达到某个稳态水平。图4中所示的是，直接耦接的第一电极26在位置90处被敲击，传感器的最大输出电平小于如位置92所示出的如果第一电极26被抓握最小时间量以允许达到稳态水平可达到的最大输出电平。直接耦接的电极26和电容性耦合电极28的转换速率可以不同。电容性耦合电极28的最大可达到振幅小于直接耦接的电极26的最大可达到振幅。举例来说，图4的位置86示出当电容性耦合电极28被敲击的时候的信号的振幅，位置88示出当电极28被抓握以允许达到稳态水平的时候电容性耦合电极28的最大可达到振幅。在给定系统中给定传感器可达到的最大稳态水平可以取决于下面条件而变化：
1.什么或谁在触摸传感器，
2.系统所采用的特殊类型的电容性传感技术，
3.两个电极之间的电容量和分隔材料的关联的介电常数，
4.电极附近的能增加被感应的总电容的任意导电材料。
在为两者间绝缘的两个电极使用两个分离的传感器的系统中，分辨两个电极的敲击、抓握和释放是相当简单的任务。然而，由于如图1和2所示的使用电容性耦合电极26、28和单个电容传感器30的系统的行为，使得检测的方式也不同。表1到3显示能够使用不同的传感构造精确地判定的可能的检测状态。
如表1所示，双传感器双电极配置能够精确地分辨多达16种不同的状态。缺陷是控制算法也必须处理并判定当前所表现的是什么状态。表2显示什么状态是可能使用如图1和2所示的具有电容性耦合电极的单个传感器，双电极配置而判定的。
(表1)
使用双传感器双电极传感配置可检测的状态
Figure GPA00001158957800062
(表2)
使用具有电容性耦合电极的单传感器配置可检测的状态
  E1触摸   E2触摸   敲击   抓握   状态
  0   0   0   0   1
  0   0   1   0   2
  0   1   0   0   3
  0   1   0   1   4
  1   0   0   0   5
  1   0   0   1   6
(表3)
所示的是通过除去分别检测对电极1和电极2的敲击的需要对表2中的状态的进一步简化。
对于表1中显示的实例，各个传感器/电极的阈值可以被判定以致在任意时间传感器的信号越过上述阈值，电极便被定义成已被触摸。如果信号越过阈值持续规定的时间段，如上面的定义部分所定义的，可以关于电极是否已经被敲击或抓握而设定标志。在该实例中对于一个电极出现的确切状态能够同时对于第二电极出现。在该构造中，各个传感器能够具有它自己的用于判定何时传感器已经被触摸和释放的阈值的设定。那些阈值的设定可以使用从原始的传感器信号判定的“动态基线”来判定。动态基线是基于传感器的原始的输出电平的计算水平。这样，“基线”将趋于以基线的计算所定义的方式追踪原始信号。具有独立的阈值对于使用电容性耦合电极的单传感器应用的情形是不可能的。
表2描述能够在图1和2中所示的应用中判定的可检测状态。图4示出了，如果电极28被触摸足够长的时间以达到稳态振幅，位置88处的最大可达到水平并不与如位置92所图解的电极26的最大可达到振幅一样大，该电极26被直接耦接至电容传感器30。如果图4中所示的上阈值84被调节成在电极28的最大振幅之上，但是在电极26的最大振幅之下，能够在两者之间做出判定。然而，归因于与各个电极的转换速率关联的上升时间，第一电极26上的敲击事件可能永不越过如位置90示出的上阈值84，并不能可靠地区别对电极28的敲击和对电极26的敲击。为此，算法可以被设计成使用表2中所示状态的缩小的子集，如表3中所反映的。
这种类型的传感的实例处于用于管道工程(plumbing)应用的电子阀22的控制下。正被讨论的算法将执行下列步骤：
1.如果第一电极26(直接耦接的电极)被触摸并且电子阀22(这以后称作EV)被关闭时，将做出请求以打开EV 22。
2.如果在EV 22被打开的同时电极26、28二者之一被敲击，将做出请求以关闭EV 22。
3.如果第一电极26被抓握并且EV 22被打开，将不对EV 22采取动作。
4.如果第二电极28被抓握并且EV 22被打开，将不对EV 22采取动作。
5.如果第二电极28被抓握并且EV 22被关闭，将不对EV 22采取动作。
6.如果在EV 22被关闭的同时电极26、28二者之一被敲击，将做出请求以打开EV 22。
代替设法判定两个电极26、28之间的差异，更合适地，我们专注于判定传感器的信号是否已经越过如图4所示的三个动态阈值80、82、84中的一个。因此，当从7个可能的状态变成6个时，检测表2的状态所需要的算法中一个以上的步骤可以被节省。算法将遵从下面的规则：(传感器的信号＝SIG，UT＝上阈值，MT＝中间阈值，LT＝下阈值。)
1.如果|SIG|＞|UT|持续时期tR，并且tR≥TTAP_MIN，并且EV被关闭，将做出请求以打开EV。这由表3的状态5和6反映。
2.如果|SIG|＞|MT|持续时期tR，已经被释放，并且TTAP_MIN≤tR＜TAP_MAX，如果EV先前被打开则将做出请求以关闭EV，或者如果EV先前被关闭，则将做出请求以打开EV。这由表3的状态2反映。
3.如果|SIG|＞|MT|持续时期tR，EV被打开，并且tR≥≥TTAP_MAX，不采取动作。这由表3的状态4和5所反映。
4.如果|SIG|＜|MT|，不管EV的状态是怎样的，都不采取动作。
状态表
  计时器状态   计时器启用 tR
  0   1 tR＜tMIN
  1   1 tMIN≤tR＜tMAX
  2   1 tMAX≤tR
  3   0 tR＝0
(表4)
  EV状态 EV
  0   关闭
  1   打开
(表5)
  |SIG|状态   信号激活 |SIG|
  0   1   |SIG|≤|MT|
  1   1   |MT|＜|SIG|≤|UT|
  2   1   |UT|＜|SIG|
  3   0   |SIG|≤|MT|
  4   0   |MT|＜|SIG|≤|U T|
  5   0   |UT|＜|SIG|
(表6)
(表7)
  动作 说明
  0 没有动作
  1 打开EV，禁用计时器，tR＝0
  2 禁用计时器，tR＝0
  3 信号＝未激活，禁用计时器，tR＝0
  4 启用计时器
  5 打开EV，禁用计时器，tR＝0，信号＝未激活
  6 关闭EV，禁用计时器，tR＝0
  7 信号＝激活
(表8)
处理流程
1.表4中的状态是基于tR的当前值和计时器是否启动而定义的。
2.如表5中所示的EV状态是在做出EV状态的变化的时候被定义的。
3.表6中的|SIG|状态是基于与规定的阈值水平、MT和UT有关的传感器信号的当前值而被调节的。状态0到2对应于信号被定义成“激活”的时候，状态3到5对应于信号被定义成“未激活”的时候。
4.表8是基于表7中所示的条件而将采取的可能的动作的列表。
5.表7显示取决于EV的状态、|SIG|状态和计时器状态而将采取的各种动作。
在本发明的另一个示例性的实施例中，提供了一种算法，其基于在来自电容传感器30的输出信号的前端检测到的斜率的变化来检测用户在第一或第二电极26、28上的敲击。图5是图解控制器24所执行的以监控电容传感器30的输出并判定何时电极26、28被敲击或抓握以控制流体流动的步骤的流程图。
处理在方框40开始。如方框42所图解的，开始没有敲击或抓握被检测到。如方框44所图解的，控制器24输入来自电容传感器30的传感器数据。然后在方框46控制器24判定是否检测到输出信号的正的斜率。举例来说，在图4中的位置86、88、90和92处的触摸的前端被检测为出现正的斜率。检测到的斜率必须大得足以将它与逐步的振幅增加区分开来，举例来说，诸如用户的手接近龙头的时候，如图4中的位置94所示出的。在示例性的实施例中，为了在方框46检测到正的斜率，斜率必须增加大约10个计数点。
如果在方框46并未检测到正的斜率，控制器24返回至方框44以输入另外的传感器数据。如果在方框46检测到正的斜率，在方框48控制器24判定正的斜率是否由电磁干扰(EMI)所引起。举例来说，如果某人启动龙头附近的洗碗机或其它电器，可能发生电磁干扰。控制器24可以通过证实正的斜率在后面的时间间隔，举例来说，正的斜率开始被检测到之后的10ms仍然存在，来测试EMI事件。如果在10ms后信号仍具有正的斜率，控制器24判定正的斜率的是由对电极26或28的触摸引起的，而不是由EMI事件引起的。
如果在方框48检测到EMI事件，控制器24返回至方框44以输入另外的传感器数据。如果在方框48未检测到EMI事件，在方框50控制器24输入另外的传感器数据。然后在方框52控制器24判定是否检测到输出信号的负的斜率。举例来说，输出信号的负的斜率如图4的输出信号的部分86、88、90和92的后端所示。如果在方框52检测到负的斜率，控制器24判定已经检测到“敲击”，如方框54所示。然后如下面讨论的，控制器24将控制电子阀22以响应敲击。然后控制器24返回至开始方框40以监控对电极26、28的下一次触摸。
如方框56所示，如果在方框52并未检测到负的斜率，控制器24判定自从在方框46检测到正的斜率开始所经过的时间是否小于最大经过的时间，该最大经过的时间是敲击事件所允许的。示例性地，敲击事件的最大经过的时间是大约300ms。如果经过的时间小于敲击事件的最大时间，控制器24返回至方框50以输入另外的传感器数据。如方框58所示，如果在方框56经过的时间超过敲击事件所允许的最大时间，控制器24检测到“抓握”。接下来，如方框60所示，控制器24判定已经发生的抓握的类型。在示例性的实例中，控制器24分辨方框62处的“强”抓握和在方框64处的“弱”抓握。方框62处的强抓握在用户抓握用来调整流体的流动或温度的手动阀把手14的时候发生。方框64处的弱抓握在用户抓握出口12的时候发生。然后，控制器24将如下面讨论地控制电子阀22以相应检测到的强或弱抓握。
一旦在强抓握和弱抓握之间作出判定，控制器24为抓握释放窗口值设定计时器，如方框66所示。然后控制器24输入另外的传感器数据，如方框68所示。接下来，在方框70控制器24判定在释放窗口内是否检测到抓握释放。如果没有，在方框68控制器24继续输入传感器数据。如果在方框70检测到抓握释放，控制器24返回至开始方框40以监控对电极26、28的下一次触摸。由表示用户已经释放电极26、28的输出信号的负的斜率来检测到抓握释放。
在图5的实施例中，为了被认为是敲击事件，来自电容传感器30的输出不必到达下阈值水平，诸如图4中的水平80。因此，图5的实施例提供了对电极26、28的敲击的改进的检测。当电极26、28被抓握较长时段时，举例来说，在图4的位置88和92处达到稳态振幅。这些稳态水平比如上所讨论的持续时间较短的敲击更容易被预测。在图5的实施例中，上阈值水平84被设定来分辨对把手14上的第一电极26的强抓握和对出口12上的第二电极28的弱抓握。一旦检测到抓握，如果检测到位置88处的稳态信号的振幅，则判定自振幅低于上阈值84开始已经发生了对出口12的抓握。如果在位置92所指示的抓握期间输出信号在上阈值84之上，则检测到对把手14的强抓握。
当第一和第二电极26、28在图4的位置92和88处被分别抓握的时候，稳态信号的最大振幅可以被调节。举例来说，中枢32可以包括金属部分，该金属部分延伸进绝缘体34内。中枢32的金属部分与金属出口12部分重叠。中枢32和出口12之间金属重叠的量影响电容性耦合电极26的输出信号的信号振幅。因此，通过减小中枢32和出口12之间的金属重叠，响应于对耦接至出口12的第二电极28的触摸的信号振幅88可以被减小。增加第一和第二电极26、28的最大信号输出之间的信号振幅差异促进对手动阀把手14的强抓握和对出口12的弱抓握之间的分辨。
图6是本发明的第二实施例的工作状态图。如果水被关闭，对把手14或出口12的敲击将使得水被打开。表示把手14被抓握的强抓握也将使水打开。然而，当水被关闭时，对出口12的弱抓握将不会使水打开。当水被打开时，对把手14或出口12的敲击将使水关闭。然而，当水被打开时，对把手14和出口12各自的强抓握和弱抓握将不会使水关闭。因此，当水被打开时，用户可以调节出口的位置或者抓握把手14并调节水的温度或流速，而无需将水关闭。
虽然已经在附图中和前面的说明中详细说明和描述了本发明，但是该描述被认为是示例性的而在性质上并非是限制性的。仅仅说明的实施例，以及被认为有助于进一步启发被说明的实施例的这样的替换的实施例已经被显示和描述。要理解的是能够在不脱离下述权利要求的范围的前提下作出对上文的变化和变形。

Claims (30)

1.一种龙头，其特征在于，包括：
出口；
引导流体流过所述出口的通道；
位于所述通道内的可电子操作的阀；
位于所述通道内并与所述可电子操作的阀串接的手动阀；
控制所述手动阀的手动阀把手；
在所述手动阀把手上的第一触摸传感器；
在所述出口上的第二触摸传感器；
电容传感器，所述电容传感器直接耦接至所述第一触摸传感器和所述第二触摸传感器中的一个，并电容性耦合至所述第一触摸传感器和所述第二触摸传感器中的另一个，所述电容传感器提供输出信号；以及
耦接至所述电容传感器的控制器，所述控制器被配置为监控来自所述电容传感器的所述输出信号，并对用户敲击所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个、用户抓握所述出口以及用户抓握所述手动阀把手进行分辨，所述控制器还被耦接至所述可电子操作的阀以响应来自所述电容传感器的所述输出信号来控制所述可电子操作的阀，
当在预定的时段内检测到所述输出信号的正的斜率和所述输出信号的负的斜率两者时，所述控制器判定用户已经敲击所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个。
2.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，响应检测到用户敲击所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个，所述控制器在打开和关闭位置之间切换所述可电子操作的阀。
3.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，当所述第一触摸传感器和所述第二触摸传感器中的任何一个在比预定时间更短的时段内被触摸和释放时，所述控制器切换所述可电子操作的阀。
4.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，所述可电子操作的阀是磁性自锁阀。
5.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，所述控制器进一步判定是否是电磁场相互作用，而不是所述用户在所述出口或所述手动阀把手上的敲击引起了所述输出信号的所述正的斜率。
6.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，当所述输出信号的所述正的斜率和所述输出信号的所述负的斜率之间的时间长度大于所述预定时间时，所述控制器进一步判定用户已经抓握所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个。
7.如权利要求6所述的龙头，其特征在于，如果所述控制器判定所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个被用户抓握，则所述控制器基于检测到的正的和负的斜率之间的所述输出信号的振幅来进一步判定所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的哪一个被用户抓握。
8.如权利要求7所述的龙头，其特征在于，如果所述检测到的正的和负的斜率之间的所述输出信号的所述振幅大于预定阈值，则所述控制器判定所述手动阀把手被用户抓握。
9.如权利要求8所述的龙头，其特征在于，如果所述检测到的正的和负的斜率之间的所述输出信号的所述振幅小于所述预定阈值，则所述控制器判定所述出口被用户抓握。
10.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，所述可电子操作的阀是电子比例阀，并且其中所述控制器响应用户与所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器接触的持续时间，指示所述可电子操作的阀进行位置的变化。
11.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，进一步包括：龙头体中枢，所述手动阀把手能够移动地与所述龙头体中枢耦接以控制所述手动阀，所述手动阀把手电耦接至所述龙头体中枢，并且其中所述出口通过绝缘体被耦接至所述龙头体中枢，以致所述出口与所述龙头体中枢电绝缘。
12.如权利要求11所述的龙头，其特征在于，所述出口能够旋转地耦接至所述龙头体中枢。
13.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，所述第一触摸传感器包括耦接至所述手动阀把手的第一电极，所述第一电极直接耦接至所述电容传感器。
14.如权利要求13所述的龙头，其特征在于，所述第二触摸传感器包括在所述出口上的第二电极，所述第二电极被电容性耦合至所述第一电极。
15.如权利要求14所述的龙头，其特征在于，所述出口由导电材料形成以提供所述第二电极，所述龙头进一步包括位于所述出口和所述手动阀把手之间的绝缘体，以致所述第二电极被电容性耦合至所述第一电极。
16.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，响应来自所述电容传感器的所述输出信号，所述控制器按如下方式控制所述可电子操作的阀：
如果所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的任何一个被敲击同时所述可电子操作的阀被关闭，则所述控制器打开所述可电子操作的阀；
如果所述第一触摸传感器被抓握并且所述可电子操作的阀被关闭，则所述控制器打开所述可电子操作的阀；
如果所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的任何一个被敲击同时所述可电子操作的阀被打开，则所述控制器关闭所述可电子操作的阀；
如果所述第一触摸传感器被抓握并且所述可电子操作的阀被打开，则不对所述可电子操作的阀采取动作；
如果所述第二触摸传感器被抓握并且所述可电子操作的阀被打开，则不对所述可电子操作的阀采取动作；以及
如果所述第二触摸传感器被抓握并且所述可电子操作的阀被关闭，则不对所述可电子操作的阀采取动作。
17.如权利要求1所述的龙头，其特征在于，所述控制器判定所述输出信号(SIG)的振幅，并将所述振幅与上阈值(UT)、中间阈值(MT)和下阈值(LT)比较，然后所述控制器按下述方式控制所述可电子操作的阀：
(a)如果|输出信号(SIG)|＞|上阈值(UT)|持续时期tR，并且tR≥TTAP_MIN，以及所述可电子操作的阀被关闭，则所述控制器将所述可电子操作的阀打开；
(b)如果|输出信号(SIG)|＞|中间阈值(MT)|持续时期tR，并且TTAP_MIN≤tR＜TTAP_MAX，如果所述可电子操作的阀先前已打开，则所述控制器关闭所述可电子操作的阀，而如果所述可电子操作的阀先前已关闭，则所述控制器打开所述可电子操作的阀；
(c)如果|输出信号(SIG)|＞|中间阈值(MT)|持续时期tR，并且所述可电子操作的阀被打开，以及tR≥TTAP_MAX，则不采取动作；以及
(d)如果|输出信号(SIG)|＜|中间阈值(MT)|，无论所述可电子操作的阀是否被打开或关闭，都不采取动作；
其中，TTAP_MIN表示传感器的输出信号必须在预先规定的阈值的绝对值上方越过以够条件成为敲击情形的规定的、最小的时间量；
TTAP_MAX表示传感器的输出信号必须在预先规定的阈值的绝对值上方越过以够条件成为敲击情形的规定的、最大的时间量。
18.一种控制龙头内的流体流动的方法，所述龙头具有出口，引导流体流过所述出口的通道，位于所述通道内的可电子操作的阀，位于所述通道内并与所述可电子操作的阀串接的手动阀，以及控制所述手动阀的手动阀把手，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
在所述手动阀把手上设置第一触摸传感器；
在所述出口上设置第二触摸传感器；
设置电容传感器；
将所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的一个直接耦接至所述电容传感器；
将所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的另一个电容性地耦合至同一电容传感器；
监控来自所述电容传感器的输出信号以检测用户对所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器两者的触摸，当在预定的时段内检测到所述输出信号的正的斜率和所述输出信号的负的斜率两者时，判定用户已经敲击所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个；以及
响应所述监控步骤，控制所述可电子操作的阀。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述监控步骤包括对用户敲击所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个、用户抓握所述出口以及用户抓握所述手动阀把手进行分辨。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括：判定是否是电磁场相互作用，而不是所述用户在所述出口或所述手动阀把手上的敲击引起了所述输出信号的所述正的斜率。
21.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述输出信号的所述正的斜率和所述输出信号的所述负的斜率之间的时间长度大于所述预定时间时，所述监控步骤判定用户已经抓握所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述监控步骤判定所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个被用户抓握，则所述监控步骤然后基于检测到的正的和负的斜率之间的所述输出信号的振幅来判定所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的哪一个被用户抓握。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述检测到的正的和负的斜率之间的所述输出信号的所述振幅大于预定阈值，则所述监控步骤判定所述手动阀把手被用户抓握。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法，其特征在于，如果所述检测到的正的和负的斜率之间的所述输出信号的所述振幅小于所述预定阈值，则所述监控步骤判定所述出口被用户抓握。
25.如权利要求24所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括：在所述监控步骤期间，响应检测到用户敲击所述出口和所述手动阀把手中的一个，在打开和关闭位置之间切换所述可电子操作的阀。
26.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，响应来自所述电容传感器的所述输出信号，所述控制器按如下方式控制所述可电子操作的阀：
如果所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的任何一个被敲击同时所述可电子操作的阀被关闭，则所述控制器打开所述可电子操作的阀；
如果所述第一触摸传感器被抓握并且所述可电子操作的阀被关闭，则所述控制器打开所述可电子操作的阀；
如果所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器中的任何一个被敲击同时所述可电子操作的阀被打开，则所述控制器关闭所述可电子操作的阀；
如果所述第一触摸传感器被抓握并且所述可电子操作的阀被打开，则不对所述可电子操作的阀采取动作；
如果所述第二触摸传感器被抓握并且所述可电子操作的阀被打开，则不对所述可电子操作的阀采取动作；以及
如果所述第二触摸传感器被抓握并且所述可电子操作的阀被关闭，则不对所述可电子操作的阀采取动作。
27.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述可电子操作的阀是电子比例阀，并且其中所述控制器响应用户与所述第一触摸传感器和第二触摸传感器接触的持续时间，指示所述可电子操作的阀进行位置的变化。
28.如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一触摸传感器包括耦接至所述手动阀把手的第一电极，所述第一电极直接耦接至所述电容传感器。
29.如权利要求28所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二触摸传感器包括所述出口上的第二电极，所述第二电极被电容性地耦合至所述第一电极。
30.如权利要求29所述的方法，其特征在于，所述出口由导电材料形成以提供所述第二电极，所述龙头进一步包括位于所述出口和所述手动阀把手之间的绝缘体，以致所述第二电极电容性地耦合至所述第一电极。
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