CN101801278A - 外科手术器械 - Google Patents

外科手术器械 Download PDF

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CN101801278A
CN101801278A CN200880106469A CN200880106469A CN101801278A CN 101801278 A CN101801278 A CN 101801278A CN 200880106469 A CN200880106469 A CN 200880106469A CN 200880106469 A CN200880106469 A CN 200880106469A CN 101801278 A CN101801278 A CN 101801278A
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movable member
instrument
cable
nearside
handle
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李佑镇
安德烈斯·查莫罗
理查德·罗斯
马尔温·A·吉莱斯
艾琳·M·赫内柏利
詹姆斯·C·霍伦贝克
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Cambridge Endoscopic Devices Inc
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Cambridge Endoscopic Devices Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909Handles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B50/00Containers, covers, furniture or holders specially adapted for surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments, e.g. sterile covers
    • A61B50/30Containers specially adapted for packaging, protecting, dispensing, collecting or disposing of surgical or diagnostic appliances or instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909Handles
    • A61B2017/2912Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2919Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston details of linkages or pivot points
    • A61B2017/292Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston details of linkages or pivot points connection of actuating rod to handle, e.g. ball end in recess
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • A61B2017/2929Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft with a head rotatable about the longitudinal axis of the shaft

Abstract

一种医疗器械,其具有:近侧控制手柄和远侧工具,该近侧控制手柄和该远侧工具通过伸长形的器械轴、近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件、缆线控制装置、手柄处的致动构件以及联接器互相联接,该器械轴用于在内部穿过解剖体内部,该近侧可移动构件和该远侧可移动构件,近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件分别将近侧控制手柄和远侧工具与器械轴互相联接,缆线控制装置,其设置在可移动构件之间;在手柄上处的致动构件用于通过可移动构件控制远侧工具通过可移动构件,以及联接器,其用于选择性地接合或脱离接合该致动构件的可分离的缆线节段。

Description

外科手术器械
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及医疗器械,并且更具体地说,本发明涉及意在用于微创手术或其它形式的外科手术或医疗手术或技术中的人工操作的手术器械。于此描述的器械主要用于腹腔镜手术,但是,应当了解,本发明的器械还能够用于包括腔内手术等在内的多种其它手术。
背景技术
当前市场上可获得的内窥镜器械和腹腔镜器械主要由于在它们的应用中缺乏灵活性而导致极难学会操作并使用。例如,当在外科手术过程中使用典型的腹腔镜器械时,器械工具的定向完全由目标和切口的位置所决定。这些器械一般通过将患者自身的切口区域用作支轴以利用支轴效应来起作用。因此,诸如缝合、打结及精细解剖等常见工作对手术师来说已经变复杂。人们已经对各种腹腔镜器械研究了若干年,通常通过设置额外的关节来克服此缺陷,所述关节往往由用于附加控制的分离设置的控制构件进行控制。但是,即使是这样,这些器械仍不能提供足够的灵活性以使外科医生能够在任何随意选择的方位处执行诸如缝合之类的常见工作。同样,此类现有的器械并未提供将该器械保持在特定位置中的有效方式。此外,现有器械需要使用双手以有效地控制该器械。
在美国专利No.7,147,650中示出了一种改进的器械,其具有提高了的灵活性并包括尤其是带有近侧和远侧可弯曲构件的旋转特征。虽然该器械已经具有改进的特征,但依然存在对于更经济的可用器械的需要,并且其中手柄是可重复使用的,而器械的尖端是一次性的或可再使用的。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种改进的腹腔镜或内窥镜器械,其中器械的一部分是可重复使用的,而一部分是一次性的。在此描述的实施方式中,器械的手柄端是可重复使用的,而器械的远侧部或尖端是一次性的。通过能够重复使用手柄部,该器械是更为经济可用的。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种改进的腹腔镜或内窥镜外科手术器械,其使得外科医生能够更灵活地操纵该外科手术器械的工具端。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种改进的外科手术器械或医疗器械,其具有多种应用,穿过切口、穿过固有体孔或管腔内地。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种锁定特征,其对该器械的其它控制是重要的属性,其使得外科医生能够相差无几地将该器械锁定在所需的位置中。这使得外科医生在其后更容易执行外科手术,而不必同时将该器械保持在特定的弯曲构型中。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种改进的医疗器械,用使用者的一只手就能够有效地控制该医疗器械。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种改进的医疗器械,其特征在于在使得能够旋转已锁定的器械尖端的同时,将该器械的位置锁定在预先选定的位置中的能力。
发明内容
为了实现本发明的前述和其它优点和特征,提供了一种外科手术器械,其包括:器械轴,其具有近端和远端;工具,其设置于器械轴的远端;控制手柄,其联接于器械轴的近端;远侧运动构件,其用于将器械轴的远端联接至远侧工具;近侧运动构件,其用于将器械轴的近端联接至手柄;致动装置,其在远侧运动构件与近侧运动构件之间延伸,用于将近侧运动构件的运动联接至远侧运动构件以便控制工具的定位;致动缆线,其从手柄延伸至工具用于控制工具的致动。致动缆线被分成两个相互接合缆线段,其使近侧运动构件能够与控制手柄断开连接。
根据本发明的另一方面,外科手术器械可进一步包括:旋转装置,其邻近控制手柄设置并且能够相对于控制手柄旋转以便导致器械轴和工具的对应旋转;至少近侧运动构件可包括近侧可弯曲构件,旋转装置包括适于使工具绕远侧工具滚动轴线旋转的旋钮,并且旋钮可设置在控制手柄与近侧可弯曲构件之间;致动杆可在手柄上的枢轴点处有手柄支撑并用于控制致动缆线;滑动件可设置用于获取所述工具致动缆线的近端和致动杆,并且该致动杆被支撑于手柄处用于控制滑动件的平移,并进而控制工具的操作;锁定机构可设置成用于将工具的位置固定于选定位置处并且具有锁定状态和解锁状态,该锁定机构包括设置在近侧运动构件周围的球和承窝布置以及用于锁定球和承窝布置的束带构件;承窝构件可包括拼合承窝,并且束带构件闭合该拼合承窝以将承窝锁定在球上;可设置角柄,其由手柄以可枢转的方式支撑,并能够操作以接合和脱离接合缆线节段;以及筒夹,其可支撑在手柄中,用于闭合在缆线节段的周围。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,提供一种医疗器械,其具有近侧控制手柄和远侧工具,近侧控制手柄和远侧工具通过长形器械轴、近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件、缆线控制装置、手柄处的致动构件以及联接器互相联接,该长形器械轴用于在内部穿过解剖体,近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件分别将近侧控制手柄和远侧工具与器械轴互相联接,缆线控制装置设置在可移动构件之间,手柄处的致动构件通过可移动构件控制远侧工具,联接器用于选择性地接合或脱离接合致动构件的分离的缆线段。
在本发明的相关方面中,联接器包括筒夹和获取接头,筒夹附连至缆线节段中的一个,获取接头位于缆线节段中的另一个上,筒夹用于保持获取接头以接合缆线节段;枢转构件可设置在手柄上,枢转构件包括至少一个链节,其能够操作以控制设定筒夹的开启位置和闭合位置的凸轮;枢转构件可呈手柄顶部处的角柄形以有助与舒服地持握手柄;并且筒夹包括快速断开连接机构,该快速断开连接机构具有基部和弹簧,该基部中定位有筒夹,并且弹簧将基部偏压至筒夹的闭合位置。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,提供一种控制医疗器械的方法,该医疗器械具有包括控制手柄的近端和包括远侧工具的远端,并且控制手柄和远侧工具通过长形器械轴互相联接,工具由工具控制缆线致动,该方法包括设置近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件,近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件分别将近侧控制手柄和远侧工具与器械轴互相联接,近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件互相联接以使近侧可移动构件处的运动控制远侧可移动构件,将工具控制缆线分成分力的缆线节段并将分离的缆线节段互相锁定以使工具控制缆线是可操作的。进一步的步骤可包括从器械的近端手动控制远侧工具绕其纵向远侧工具轴线的旋转。
根据本发明的另一实施方式,提供一种器械,其具有近侧控制手柄和远侧工具,近侧控制手柄和远侧工具通过如下装置互相联接,即,长形器械轴;近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件,其分别将近侧控制手柄和远侧工具与器械轴互相联接;设置在可移动构件之间以使近侧可移动构件处的运动控制远侧可移动构件进而控制远侧工具的装置;支撑在手柄处、用于控制远侧工具的装置,该装置包括在手柄与远侧工具之间延伸的工具控制缆线,工具控制缆线包括适于具有接合状态和脱离状态中的一种的分离的缆线段。
根据本发明的另一方面,在控制手柄处提供一种控制构件,并是能够由使用者控制操纵以经由近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件控制远侧工具绕其远侧工具轴线的旋转;当控制缆线节段处于其脱离接合状态中时,能够将近侧运动构件与控制手柄断开连接;包括联接器,其用于选择性地接合或脱离接合分离的缆线段;其中,联接器可包括筒夹和获取接头,该筒夹附连至缆线节段中的一个,获取接头位于缆线节段中的另一个上,筒夹用于保持获取接头以接合缆线节段;以及其中,筒夹包括快速断开连接机构,该快速断开连接机构具有基部和弹簧,基部中定位有筒夹,弹簧将基部偏压至筒夹的闭合位置。
附图说明
通过结合附图可以根据本发明了解到若干其它的优点,在所述附图中:
图1是根据本发明构建的外科手术器械的第一实施方式的立体图,其带有一次性的轴部和可重复使用的手柄部;
图2是图1的器械和轴的断片分解立体图;
图3是沿图1的线3-3获得的器械的局部侧视剖面图;
图4是沿图3的线4-4获得的器械的端面剖面图,示出了束带圈锁定和第一释放位置;
图4A和4B是释放/锁定杆的相应位置的另一立体图;
图5是与图3所示类似的剖面图,但器械轴部从手柄部释放出来并且手柄向上移动;
图6是与图5所示类似的剖面图,但从手柄部移除了器械轴部;
图7是沿图6的线7-7获得的器械的断片端面剖面图,示出了束带圈的旋转和第二释放位置并且移除了轴球;
图8是与图6所示类似的剖面图,但从手柄部完全移除了器械轴部;
图9是器械略微放大的断片分解立体详图;
图10是用于末端执行器致动缆线的联接装置的分解立体图;
图11是沿图8的线11-11获得的用于操作图10的联接装置的致动装置的端面剖面图;
图12是沿图8的线12-12获得的将器械轴部锁定至手柄部的装置的端面剖面图;
图13是沿图3的线13-13获得的器械轴锁定装置与接合的缆线联接装置的剖面平面图,但示出在使用时被拔出的末端执行器;
图14是沿图8的线14-14所见的器械轴锁定装置与处于释放位置中的缆线联接装置的剖面平面图;
图15是将器械轴附连至手柄部的装置的第二实施方式的断片分解立体图;
图16是图15的附连装置的分解侧视剖面图;
图17是图15和16所示的实施方式的侧视剖面图,并示出了附连至手柄部的器械轴;
图18是用于将器械轴附连至手柄部的装置的第三实施方式的断片分解立体图;
图19是图18的附连装置的分解侧视剖面图;
图20是图18和19所示的实施方式的侧视剖面图,并示出了附连至手柄部的器械轴;
图21是沿图18的线21-21获得的分离束带圈的装置的断片剖面图;
图22是与图21所示类似的剖面图,示出了被部分分离的束带圈;
图23是将器械轴附连至手柄部的装置的第四实施方式的断片分解立体图;
图24是将适当的器械轴与带有正确的手柄构造的末端执行器匹配的指引装置(indexing means)的断片分解侧视图;
图25是沿图24的线25-25获得的器械轴的近端的端视图;
图26是沿线26-26获得的旋钮和轴接收器远端的端视图;
图27是指引装置的第一替代实施方式的示意性端视图;
图28是指引装置的第二替代实施方式的示意性端视图;
图29是缆线联接装置的替代实施方式的断片侧视剖面图;
图30是与图29所示类似的剖面图,但示出在使用时被拔出的末端执行器缆线;
图31是图29的缆线联接装置的分解立体图;
图32是与图19所示类似的剖面图,但示出了释放中的缆线联接装置;
图33是图32的实施方式的分解剖面图,并示出从手柄部移除的器械轴部;
图34是缆线联接装置的另一替代实施方式的侧视剖面图;
图35是与图34所示类似的剖面图,但示出了在使用时被拔出的末端执行器缆线;
图36是图34的缆线联接装置的分解立体图;
图37是与图34所示类似的剖面图,但示出了释放中的缆线联接装置;以及
图38是图37的实施方式的分解立体图,并示出了从手柄部移除的器械轴部。
具体实施方式
本发明在附图中以一种外科手术器械为例进行说明,该外科手术器械具有两个部分,以使可分离的器械轴部可以是一次性的而可重复使用的手柄部可消毒并重复使用若干次。这样允许使用高质量的器械手柄部,同时保持器械的整体价格合理。
本发明的器械可以用于执行微创手术。“微创手术”于此指的是一种外科手术,在这种外科手术中,外科医生通过小的伤口或切口进行手术,这种小切口被用以达到手术部位。在一个实施方式中,切口长度的范围为直径1毫米到20毫米,优选为直径5毫米到10毫米。这种手术不同于需要较大的切口才能达到手术部位的那些手术。因而,优选地使用灵活的器械用于插过这种小切口和/或插过固有的体腔或腔,从而将该器械定位在用于特定外科手术或医疗手术的内部目标部位处。也可以通过经皮的或外科手术的方式到达内腔、脉管或腔,或者通过解剖体中固有的孔的引入将外科手术器械引入到解剖体中。
除了用在腹腔镜手术中之外,本发明的器械还可以用于多种其它的医疗或外科手术中,这些手术包括但不限于结肠镜手术、上消化道手术、关节内窥镜手术、鼻窦手术、胸腔手术、前列腺手术、阴道手术、整形外科手术和心脏手术。根据具体的手术,该器械可以是刚性的、半刚性的或柔性的。
尽管在此参照“外科手术器械”进行,但是,可以设想,本发明的原理同样可以应用于其它医疗器械,而并非必需用于外科手术,并且包括但不限于诸如导管以及诊断器械和器具、治疗器械和器具之类的其它器具。
在于此描述的器械中包括多个独特的特征。例如,设置构造为使用球和承窝布置的锁定机构,该球和承窝布置设置在遵循弯曲动作的近侧运动构件的周围,其中用环形束带圈将球和承窝布置保持在固定的特定位置中,并由此也将近侧可弯曲构件和远侧可弯曲构件保持在特定的弯曲状态下,或者换句话说,锁定在该位置中。束带圈包括锁定杆,该锁定杆方便地邻近器械手柄定位,而且易于操作以锁定和解锁束带圈,进而锁定和解锁末端执行器的位置。束带圈优选地还是能够旋转的,以使得锁定杆能够方便定位或者能够在左手用户和右手用户之间切换(旋转)。该锁定控制使得外科医生能够在执行某个任务时需关注的自由度减少一个。通过将可弯曲部锁定在特定位置处,这使得外科医生能够腾出手来控制器械的其它自由度,诸如旋钮的操纵进而控制末端执行器的方位。
本发明的主要特征涉及该器械部分是一次性的并且部分是可重复使用的能力。那样,器械成本由于不必为每次手术更换整个器械而得到显著降低。在一个实施方式中,在手柄处设置分离装置,在手柄处,远侧运动构件、工具、器械轴和近侧运动构件与器械的手柄是可分离的。这使得远侧部件可与手柄接合和脱离接合。器械的手柄部是可重复使用的,由此器械的那部分的成本实质上遍布于若干器械的使用。
图1是本发明的外科手术器械10的一种实施方式的立体图。在该外科手术器械中,工具和手柄运动构件或可弯曲构件都能够沿任意方向弯曲。它们经由缆线(优选地为四根缆线)以这样一种方式互相连接,以使得近端构件处的弯曲动作在远端构件处提供的相关的弯曲。近侧弯曲由器械用户所进行的控制手柄的运作或偏转来控制。换句话说,外科医生握持手柄,并且一旦该器械就位,手柄处的任何运动(偏转)就直接控制近侧可弯曲构件,该近侧可弯曲构件进而经由缆线来控制远侧可弯曲构件处的对应的弯曲或偏转。该动作进而控制远侧工具的定位。
近侧可弯曲构件优选地通常大于远侧可弯曲构件,以便提供增强的人类工程学控制。在所示实施方式中,近侧可弯曲构件与远侧可弯曲构件的直径比可以为约三比一。在根据本发明的一种变型中,可以提供其中远侧可弯曲构件沿与近侧可弯曲构件相同的方向弯曲的弯曲动作。在替代实施方式中,可弯曲、可转动或挠性构件可设置为通过使致动缆线旋转180度而沿反向弯曲,或者可被控制成根据用于缆线的远端支撑点与近端支撑点之间的关系而沿实际上任意其它的方向弯曲。
如已指出的那样,产生于远侧可弯曲构件处的弯曲动作的幅度由近侧可弯曲构件的尺寸相较于远侧可弯曲构件的尺寸来决定。在所述实施方式中,近侧可弯曲构件通常大于远侧可弯曲构件,结果,在远侧可弯曲构件处产生的运动幅度大于近侧可弯曲构件处的运动幅度。近侧可弯曲构件能够在任意方向(大约360度)上弯曲,从而控制远侧可弯曲构件以沿相同或相反的方向但同时在同一平面内弯曲。而且,如图1所示,外科医生能够仅仅通过绕图1中由旋转箭头R1示出的旋转方向滚动轴向旋钮24而使器械的工具绕其纵向轴线弯曲和滚动至任意方位。
在本说明书中参照可弯曲构件进行说明。这些构件也可称为可转动构件,可弯曲部或挠性构件。在于此所给出的描述中,诸如“可弯曲部”、“可弯曲节段”、“可弯曲构件”或“可转动构件”等的术语指的是与在接合点处枢转的元件对比能够以可控的方式弯曲的器械的元件。术语“可移动构件”被当作是可弯曲部和接合点的总称。本发明的可弯曲元件使得能够制造出这样的器械,该器械能够沿任意方向弯曲而不会出现任何奇点,并且该器械的特征还在于沿任意方向弯曲的现成的能力,所有均优选地采用单一的一体或单体结构。“一体”或“单体”结构的定义是——仅仅由单一的整体构件构成的结构,而不是由多个组装或匹配的部件形成的结构。
这些可弯曲构件的定义是——一种器械元件,其或者形成为控制装置或者形成为受控装置,也就是能够受到张力或压缩力的约束以从直线偏转至曲线构造而不会出现任何折点或奇点——。可弯曲构件可以采用如图3中于此所示的这类一体结构的形式,可以由可接合的盘等构成,可以包括波纹管布置或可以包括可移动环组件。对于多种形式的可弯曲构件参照2005年7月20日提交的共同待审申请No.11/185,911、2006年8月16日提交的共同待审申请No.11/505,003和2006年9月19日提交的共同待审申请No.11/523,103,将这些申请全部以参引的方式结合于此。
图1示出了本发明的器械的优选实施方式。在图2至14中示出了进一步的细节。图1在立体图中示出了外科手术器械10,如同在外科手术期间会发生的那样。例如,器械可以用于穿过腹壁的腹腔镜外科手术。为此,设有插入部位,在该部位处设置有插管或套针。器械10的轴14适于穿过该插管或套针以便将器械的远端设置于手术部位处。在图1中示出末端执行器16。图1中所示的器械的实施方式通常与覆盖远侧构件20的护套98一起使用,以阻止体液进入远侧可弯曲构件20。与在此结合的在前申请中的情况一样,轴14包括外轴管32和内轴管34。
图2示出了临时使用单独的护套46覆盖整个远侧可弯曲构件和末端执行器。该护套46仅用于运输器械并且一旦器械位于手柄上的适当位置中就被丢弃掉。护套46将钳口保持在打开位置中,如图2所示,并还将远侧可弯曲构件保持在基本笔直的位置中。通过这样做,将致动缆线保持在特定对准的位置中并准备与器械的手柄部接合。代替使用预先形成的护套,还可以作为替代地将偏压装置用在器械中,以保持器械缆线的预定位置,通常其中的钳口保持开启。
利用本发明的器械能够执行滚动运动。这可依靠旋钮24相对于手柄12绕纵向轴线的旋转而发生。这在图1中由旋转箭头R1表示。当沿任一方向旋转该旋钮24时,这导致了器械轴14的对应旋转。这在图1中由旋转箭头R2示出。该相同的运动还导致远侧可弯曲构件和末端执行器16绕对应于器械尖端的轴线的旋转,在图1中示出为绕纵向尖端或工具轴线P的旋转。在图1中参照器械尖端处的旋转箭头R3。
在锁定(或者解锁)该器械时,旋钮24的任何旋转都会将器械尖端保持在相同的角度位置处,但是会旋转尖端(工具)的方位。对于尖端旋转特征的进一步的说明参照2005年12月14日提交的共同待审申请No.11/302,654,特别是图25-28,将该申请全部以参引的方式结合于此。
经由近侧可弯曲构件18,可以使手柄12相对于器械轴纵向中心轴线倾斜一定角度。这种倾斜、偏转或弯曲可被当作是处在纸张的平面内。借助缆线,该动作会导致远侧可弯曲构件20处对应弯曲至一位置,在该位置中将尖端沿着轴线并与器械轴纵向中心轴线成对应的角度引导。近侧可弯曲构件18处的弯曲由外科医生借助手柄12通过沿基本上任意方向操纵手柄来进行控制,所述任意方向包括图1中的纸张平面之内和之外。该操纵直接控制近侧可弯曲构件处的弯曲。对于与该弯曲有关的进一步的描述,参见2006年9月27日提交的共同待审的申请No.11/528,134和2007年1月2日提交的共同待审的申请No.11/649,352,将两篇申请均全部以参引的方式结合于此。
由此,手柄处的控制用来在近侧运动构件处弯曲器械,进而控制远侧运动构件和工具的定位。工具的“位置”主要由这种弯曲或运动动作决定,而且可以被当作远侧运动构件的远端处的坐标位置。实际上,可以考虑近侧运动构件和远侧运动构件处以及器械尖端处的坐标轴。该定位处是三维的。当然,该器械定位还在一定程度上受到外科医生在切口点处或在插管或套针处枢转器械的能力的控制。另一方面,工具的“方位”涉及工具相对于近端旋转控制构件绕所示远端尖端或工具轴线P的旋转定位。
在附图中,示出了一组钳口,然而,其它工具或装置可以容易地适于与本发明的器械一起使用。这些其它工具或装置包括但不限于摄像机、检测器、光学器件、观测仪器、流体输送装置、注射器等。工具可包括诸如钳口、剪刀、握持器、持针器、微型解剖器、施钉器、敲平头钉器、抽吸冲洗工具和施夹器等多种铰接工具。此外,工具可包括诸如刀片、探针、冲洗器、导管或抽吸孔口等非铰接工具。
图1的外科手术器械示出了使用中的根据本发明的外科手术器械10的优选实施方式,可将该外科手术器械通过贯穿患者皮肤的位于插入部位处的插管而插入。于此所示的许多部件,诸如器械轴14、末端执行器16、远侧可弯曲构件20和近侧可弯曲构件18等可与在2005年7月20日提交的共同待审的美国申请No.11/185,911中描述的器械部件相似且以相同的方式相互作用,将该申请全部以参引的方式结合于此。例如,如图6所示,近侧可弯曲构件18是整体有槽的结构,其包括盘130、凸部131和槽132。于此所示的许多其它部件,尤其是器械的手柄端部处的部件可类似于2006年9月27日提交的共同待审的美国申请No.11/528,134中描述的部件,将该申请全部以参引的方式结合于此。同样全部以参引的方式结合的还有2004年4月12日提交的美国申请No.10/822,081;2005年10月3日提交的美国申请No.11/242,642和2005年12月14日提交的美国申请No.11/302,654,所有这些申请为本受让人共同所有。
如例如图1-3所示,近侧可弯曲构件18与远侧可弯曲构件20之间的控制借助于弯曲控制缆线100来提供。在所示实施方式中,设置有四条这样的控制缆线100,以便提供所需的全方向弯曲。然而,在本发明的其它实施方式中,可以使用更少或更小数量的弯曲控制缆线。弯曲控制缆线100延伸穿过器械轴14,并穿过近侧可弯曲构件和远侧可弯曲构件。弯曲控制缆线100沿着其大致全部长度受到约束,以便有助于“顶推”和“拉拔”动作,如在前述2007年1月2日提交的共同待审的申请No.11/649,352中进一步详细描述的那样。缆线100还在它们经过近侧可弯曲构件的锥形缆线引导部以及穿过近侧可弯曲构件自身时受到约束。
锁定装置与球和承窝布置相互作用以对缆线的定位进行锁定和解锁,缆线的定位进而控制近侧可弯曲构件的角度并由此控制远侧可弯曲构件和末端执行器的角度。该锁定控制使得外科医生能够在执行某些任务时要关注的自由度少一个。通过将可弯曲部锁定于特定位置处,这使得外科医生能够腾出手控制器械的其它自由度,比如旋钮24的操纵以及进而末端执行器的方位等。
图1中所示的器械被看作是手枪握把式。然而,本发明的原理也可适用于其它形式的手柄,比如直的内嵌式手柄等。在图1中,示出了钳口夹持或致动装置30,其主要包括可在万向球27中具有单个指孔的杆22。该球27安装在杆22的自由端处。外科医生使用球27来控制该杆22。还可以提供或由杆22直接控制或由单独的释放按钮控制的相关释放功能。将该释放功能用于释放已致动或闭合的工具或末端执行器。
在所示器械中,当将近侧可弯曲构件构造和设置成优选地能够进行完全360度弯曲时,该器械的手柄端部可以沿任意方向偏斜或偏转。手柄相对于器械轴的这种移动使该器械在近侧可弯曲构件18处弯曲。该动作进而经由弯曲控制缆线100使远侧可弯曲构件沿相同方向弯曲。如前所述,可通过将控制缆线从其一端至另一端旋转或扭转180度而利用相反方向的弯曲。
在于此所述的主要实施方式中,手柄12采用手枪握把的形式,且包括角柄13,以有助于在外科医生的手的动作与器械之间获得舒适的接触面。在该实施方式中,角柄13具有其它的功能,即,为锁定和解锁工具控制缆线提供致动枢转,如在下面更详细地描述的那样。工具致动杆22在图1中示出为可枢转地附连于手柄的基部。杆22致动滑动件28(见图3),该滑动件28控制从该滑动件延伸至器械的远端的工具致动缆线38。该缆线38控制钳口的开度和闭合度,并且杆的不同位置控制施加于钳口处的力。缆线例如在图8中示出为包括近侧缆线部38A和远侧缆线部38B。
器械10具有手柄部12和可拆卸的轴部14,如图1所示。器械的主要部件与在2007年1月2日提交的申请No.11/649,352所示的类似,特别是在可弯曲构件、器械轴和末端执行器的结构方面更是如此。这包括用于使得轴和近侧可弯曲构件能够在支承件或支承表面208和210(图3)内旋转的装置。支承件208连接在转接件26与球120之间,而支承表面210位于颈部206与器械轴之间。在储存或运输之前,可将单独的部分12和14,或作为替代地组装好的器械密封在消毒包装或多个无菌包装中。
如图2所示,通过释放束带圈200,可将轴部14容易地与手柄部12分离。轴部包括轴连接器212。缆线部38B设有端部连接接头40。通过绕枢轴272提升角柄13使轴连接器212与缆线连接接头40脱离接合,由此使得轴部14与手柄部12彼此脱离接合。接着通过如下进一步详细描述的那样,插入并锁定到手柄中,可将新轴部容易地附连至消毒手柄。图1示出了当将角柄13枢转至锁定或向下位置时发生的接合的轴和手柄部。还可见图3中的锁定位置。
图3示出了轴14与手柄部12之间的连接的略示意性的剖面图。将拼合毂202构造并设置成使得球120能够被拔出拼合毂202。使用束带圈200锁定和解锁该拼合毂202,如稍后更详细描述的那样。拼合毂202的其它细节还参照图2和9。近侧可弯曲构件18安装至轴连接器212,其由手柄部,特别是由旋钮24予以指引。在图3中,将轴连接器212示出为借助于旋钮24的轴接收器部300(见图8)连接至旋钮24。轴连接器212借助于轴锁定组件或装置260锁定在手柄部12中。线性锁定轴连接器,但组件260使得轴部能够相对手柄部旋转。在图3中,将钳口致动远侧缆线部38B(也参见图8)示出为终止于联接接头40。正是联接接头40被缆线联接构件或装置320所获取以致将工具致动缆线38的两部分38A和38B实质上连接在一起。
拼合毂部分或瓣202A-202D均具有锥形面378(见图3和4),以便在将轴部插入到手柄部中的过程中,当将球120以接近的方式推到在这些瓣上时,起到斜坡的作用,以迫使这些瓣分开。部分202A-202D的这些内表面或边缘是有斜面的或锥形的以使得球能够更容易地通过。拼合毂202借助于支柱230支撑于手柄,支柱230如图6和9示出的那样在382处示出为变薄了,以便起到柔性活动铰链的作用,由此使得毂瓣能够更为迅速地扩展。该结构有助于轴与手柄之间的接合和脱离接合。
束带圈200具有两个凸缘201A和201B,其在图5中示出为跨接在相应的圆周沟槽203A和203B中。沟槽203A和203B设置在拼合毂202的外表面上。该连接获取束带圈同时使得拼合毂能够如在下文中更详细叙述的那样线性分离。束带圈200基本上由如图2和9所示的角度锁定构件或装置140控制。角度锁定构件140可枢转地与束带圈200附连。角度锁定构件140构成并设置为使得束带圈200不仅能够足够宽松以调整轴相对于手柄的角度,而且还能够扩展到使拼合毂部分能够足够扩展以便由此使得能够将球120移除或插入到拼合毂202中的尺寸,如图6和7所示。这使轴部能够与手柄部脱离接合。
将束带圈凸缘201A和201B以及沟槽203A和203B的尺寸确定成使得当束带圈200足够宽松以便将球120从拼合毂上移除时,在不将束带圈200的端部200A与200B分开的情况下,不会将束带圈200从拼合毂上移除,如图23的位置中所示。凸缘201的深度大致相同而沟槽略深,以致在将束带圈拉紧时,不会阻碍将压力施加在位于拼合毂部分的表面386上的束带圈的表面384处,如图3中所示位置中那样。
在本发明的器械的优选实施方式中,实际上可认为存在束带圈200的3个单独的可操作位置。另外,束带圈200的完全拆卸位置在图23中示出。图4用实线示出了处于锁定的第一位置中的束带圈。在图4中示出的假想位置和图4A中用实线示出的位置描述了第二位置,在该第二位置中,以将束带圈全部释放,使得能够改变轴的角度或作为选择,可使束带圈旋转以用于左手或右手应用。从图4A的位置,链节390可以如在图4B中所见的那样顺时针旋转至第三位置,这将束带圈进一步释放成足以将一次性轴部从手柄部上移除,而束带圈依然宽松地附连至拼合毂,如图15所示,或附连至轴的球部,如图18所示。第四位置在图23中示出为,以将束带圈端部断开连接,因此,它能够通过其自身或者从丢弃的轴部或者从手柄部完全移除。
连接器212具有指引特征,其可将缆线100指引至旋钮24和/或将带有不同的工具或末端执行器的轴匹配至特定的手柄。如图8和图24-26所示,旋钮24的轴接收器部300设有肋302(也参见图9),其与连接器212的外表面上的槽306匹配。还优选地在每个肋302上设有锥形端304并在连接器212上设有斜坡216,以在组装过程中帮助对准这些构件。可使用不同的肋型以及不同的厚度,例如在图26中所示的肋302A和槽306A。图27示意性地示出了在接收器300中彼此分开120度的三个肋302B的型式,这三个肋302B与以假象线示出的连接器212的外侧上三个等距的槽306B匹配。作为另一指引特征,一组肋和槽可以比其它的宽。图28描述了与八个狭槽306C匹配的八个肋302C的布置。当如图3所示,将连接器完全插入到接收器中时,连接器212上的台肩308与接收器中的座310接触,并且压线头102位于凹处312中。
将旋钮24用键固定至近侧可弯曲构件18,并当使旋钮旋转过旋转角度R1时,轴部14和近侧可弯曲构件在支承件或支承表面208、210上旋转。在间隙孔316与柱214之间的支承表面上同样存在旋转。为了在缺少连接器时,将旋钮和接收器部保持在连接位置中,在旋钮的近端上设置轮缘234,其宽松地装配在手柄半件中的径向沟槽236中,如图3和8所示。
通过包括带有半圆形轮缘264的门262的轴锁定构件或装置260的致动而将轴连接器212锁定在适当位置中,在门处于向下位置中时,该轮缘264与柱214中的沟槽218宽松地接合。门262跨接在壁318上的滑座266中。链节268将门262可枢转地连接至角柄13上的接头270。当如图8和12所示将角柄抬起时,轮缘264越过沟槽218,并且轴连接器能够自由向远端滑出接收器。在销轴272处将角柄铰接至手柄,并该角柄具有分别如图3和5所见的两个位置。在角柄上有凸起274,该凸起卡扣在手柄中的微凹276中,以将手柄保持在任何位置中。角柄的结构包括护罩278,其封闭地适应于手柄中的开口280以防止污染。可使用其它锁定装置并且当杆220处于释放位置中时,在拼合毂和束带圈足以将球120包含在拼合毂202内的情况下,也可以不需要锁定装置。
图15-17示出了束带圈、毂与轴部之间替代的附连装置。在该实施方式中,拼合毂可借助于连同轴部14和球120一起移除的可分离的前部或圈420而与轴部分离,如图15-17所示。圈420被示出为在圈上包括均与拼合毂中的凹处424对准的多个指状物422。该部置提供了圈420与拼合毂部的对准,以及束带圈凸缘201A和201B与它们对应的沟槽203A和203B的对准。该结构还留下了用于拼合毂部的端部202A-202D的间隙空间,这使得它们能够扩展而无需绑靠在圈420的近端表面上,如图17所示。当拉紧束带圈200并且圈的内表面384在表面386上施加压力时,指状物422优选地通过活动铰链426附连至圈420,以使得它们能够与拼合毂部一起扩展。将凸缘201和沟槽203的尺寸确定为,使得能够将圈420从拼合毂和束带圈上移除,但不会将束带圈从拼合毂上移除,除非端部200A和200B断开连接(参照用于示出束带圈自身的断开连接的图21-23)。
现参照图18-20,其用于手柄与轴部之间的连接和断开连接的另一个实施方式。束带圈200具有不同深度的凸缘201A和201B。沟槽布置包括圈420中的沟槽203A和拼合毂处的沟槽203B。在该实施方式中,凸缘201A比凸缘201B具有更大的深度,以使凸缘201B可越过沟槽203B并使得圈420能够与束带圈200一起移除,同时将束带圈200保持在圈420上,如图18和19所示。如图23所示,束带圈200可通过分离端部200A和200B而完全从圈420和拼合毂上卸下。
角度锁定构件140主要包括释放/锁定杆220,其控制束带圈200的长度或外部周长。对杆220的作用的进一步的解释参照图4和7的两个剖面图,以及图4A和4B的两个立体图。图4示出了处在轴部与手柄部完全接合并且锁定束带圈的位置中的器械。图7另一方面示出了带有至少部分被释放的束带圈的器械。在稍后的位置中,可进一步释放束带圈200的端部200B,如图23所示。
如图4所示,杆220在销轴222处枢转,该销轴222连接至束带圈的端部200A。端部200A是钩状的(参见图4A和4B)并位于杆中的槽226中。推动杆220的一端或另一端将束带圈200的端部200B枢转过枢转销轴222的中心线,或者如图4中以实线所示拉紧束带圈,或者如图4中以虚线所示放松束带圈。在杆220的实线位置中,将末端执行器的角度锁定在适当位置中。当沿图4中的(还参见图4A)箭头410的方向枢转杆220时,如在图4中以虚线所示的位置中所示,放松束带圈200。在该放松或释放位置中,末端执行器的角度能够由拼合毂202中的球120的旋转而随意改变。同样,在该释放位置中,可使束带圈200在其沟槽中旋转,以使得能够旋转调整杆200的位置以便于使用。在图7的剖面图中示出了这种作为替代的旋转位置,其中,已经使束带圈从图4的位置顺时针旋转。图7也示出了处于其放松位置中的杆220。
杆220支撑位于槽226中并在一端处绕销轴392枢转的链节390。链节390的另一端承载穿过束带圈200的端部200B中的孔的相应的柱394。这些柱借助于旋钮400而终止。旋钮400将束带圈200的端部200B保持在与链节390的旋转关系中,但当移除束带圈时(参见图22),易于释放端部200B。柱孔布置为在位置406与408之间的旋转链节390提供了控制。如图4B和7所示,链节390已经沿箭头412的方向从位置406旋转到位置408,这将束带圈有效地放松到足以使拼合毂扩展以移除轴和球。从那个位置开始,束带圈的端部200B可通过借助于指示器401(图23)沿箭头414(图22)的方向指引旋钮400而移除,以使得相应柱394上的接头396与端部200B处的键槽402对齐。一旦对齐,就可沿图22中的箭头416的方向向外拉动旋钮400,并可在旋钮中的凹处398越过柱394时将端部200B卸下。旋钮上的轮缘404防止旋钮与端部200B分离。接着将束带圈200从拼合毂202和/或圈420上随意完全移除,如图23所示。
在前述器械结构中,近侧可弯曲构件18已经被直接安装至旋钮24,但现在连接器212与接收器300使得能够将近侧可弯曲构件18从旋钮24上移除。图8的分解剖面图示出了轴部14连同近侧可弯曲构件18、球120和连接器212与手柄部12的分离。连接器212附连至可弯曲构件18的近端并且将缆线100示出为穿过近侧可弯曲构件18和连接器212。缆线终止于弹性垫片104(或弹簧)处并在102处压接。由此,弯曲控制缆线的近端终止于连接器212处。连接器212具有柱214,其穿过旋钮中的间隙孔314和手柄的径向壁318中的间隙孔316。柱214在其近端处具有斜坡216以有助于组装。柱214还具有周向沟槽218,其被轴锁定构件或装置260接合。如图8所示,近侧可弯曲构件18和连接器柱214还在其中心孔中承载钳口致动缆线部38B。图8还示出了缆线端接头40,其附连至缆线部38B的最端部并从柱214向外延伸。
如前所示,将角柄13在图1和3中示出为处于其闭锁位置中并在图2和5中示出为处于其释放位置中。如前所述,角柄的枢转致使器械的轴部相对于其手柄部锁定。除此以外,角柄的枢转还用于通过获取缆线接头40而控制缆线部之间的内接合。这是通过在至少图3、10、11、13和14所示的缆线联接构件或装置320箝位或释放来实现的。箝位构件或装置320包括具有多个均带有凹处324的钳口322的主收集构件,该钳口322获取缆线38上的接头40。钳口在图10的放大立体图中最清楚地显示。钳口布置在相应的弹簧臂328的端部,该弹簧臂328绕进而接合至缆线38的手柄部38A的基部330周向布置。钳口322通常借助于弹簧臂328的动作而偏压至诸如图14所示的开启位置。
箝位构件320的钳口322在它们的外表面上有斜面326,其与筒夹332的锥形表面334相互作用。该相互作用控制箝位构件的开度和闭合度。筒夹332通常通过如图13中所示载靠在托架338的壁上的弹簧336向远端推进。弹簧336布置在钳口构件322的近端处的座部与托架338中的座部之间的凹穴中。托架338的颈部340固定附连至钳口322的基部330,并附连至缆线部38B。该附连可通过多个不同的构件例如通过胶接在一起。参照示出342处的胶接的图13的剖面图。
托架338适用于进而固定至手柄12的引导件344内的滑行运动。引导件344由模制为手柄的一部分的套筒346支撑。在图13中,将弹簧336示出为推进筒夹332,并且其锥形表面334在弹簧臂328的偏压下靠在斜面326上。该动作保持钳口闭合,由此将缆线接头40获取在其中且基本上由此将分离的缆线部38A与38B结合在一起。一旦将缆线部分结合在一起,致动缆线就起到相对于器械的近端部受控的单个操作缆线的作用。托架338使缆线在执行其工具致动功能时能够滑动。托架338在图13中示出为沿箭头348的方向向近端拉出,以表示带有闭合钳口322的托架338能够从图3所示的平衡位置向近端自由移动。
现参照用于说明释放功能的图14,该释放功能使得器械的轴部能够从器械的手柄部分离或卸下。通过抵靠在筒夹332的表面354上的凸轮352的动作来开启钳口322以释放接头40。如图14所示,凸轮352的动作向近端推动筒夹332以便从接头40的周围释放钳口。弹簧臂328构造并设置成通常促进臂分离。
图14示出了器械的平衡位置,在该位置中,滑动件28已经沿箭头350的方向推进缆线38。该动作将钳口322的表面置靠在柱356上。此定位确保连接器212与缆线联接构件320之间的适当对准。这确保了在将角柄13抬起或降下时在缆线接头40处的对准。抬起角柄提升了接头270以及连同其一起的销轴372,如图11所示。此动作继续向上拉动分散在连接器212周围的轭状物364的臂366。轭状物364支撑于在臂370处。臂366承载枢转销轴368,该枢转销轴368附连至柱356的臂362,该柱356的臂362进而安装在从模制于手柄的侧部的凸耳360伸出的销轴358上。柱356起到用于轴连接器212近端和钳口322的表面的止挡件作用。如图14所示,柱356具有凸轮352,其在抬起角柄13时,该凸轮352接合筒夹354的表面并推靠在该表面上。
在图29-33中示出了缆线联接构件的替代实施方式,如联接构件460。在该实施方式中,缆线端接头40已经替换成容纳在连接器212的柱214中的通道450中的弹簧承载的缆线连接器440。当移除轴部14时,弹簧446向远端偏压连接器440以将末端执行器钳口保持在开启位置中。弹簧446将凸缘448推靠在可弯曲构件18的近端上,如图29所示。这消除了对如图2中的护套46的需要,并有助于将钳口在平衡位置处保持开启。连接器440具有锥形端444以有助于组装并包括能够被指状物462占据的沟槽442,该指状物462示出为被接合在图29和30的位置中,并通常如图31所示偏压至开启位置。
指状物462附连至活动铰链部464处的套筒466,当被引导件470的柔性臂472所偏压时,活性铰链部464使得指状物462能够向内折曲。引导件470在套筒466上方的移动使得指状物462落入到凹槽442中,并由此获取该连接器440,如图30所示。指状物462模制为套筒466的一部分并具有键480,该键480在引导件470的键槽478中滑动以确保指状物462与柔性臂472的适当对准。将套筒466在468处胶接至缆线38并在附连至手柄12的引导件470中滑动。当抬起角柄13时,护罩278的凸轮表面474使得柔性臂472的端部上的凸轮从动轮476提升,这使得它能够返回至其如图32所示的平衡位置。这使得指状物462能够返回到其平衡位置由此释放连接器440。图33是图32的实施方式的分解剖面图,并示出了从手柄部移除的器械轴部。当将角柄13往下压时,凸轮表面474在从动轮476处推动柔性臂472,并同样将指状物462推至如图29所示的位置。这是用于缆线联接器的锁定位置。当由滑动件28拉动缆线38时,套筒466起到托架的作用,如图30所示。
图29和30均示出了联接接头441,其被获取以使致动缆线的近端和远端相互连接。图29更多示出了平衡位置而图30示出了缆线38,其被沿箭头443的方向拉动以便致动末端执行器。在图30中,将套筒示出为向右移动并且弹簧446更为受压。图32示出了角柄,其已经被抬起以释放器械的远端部,并且指状物462和柔性凸轮474均释放至脱离接合位置。最后,在图33中将轴部示出为与手柄部分离。
图34-38还示出了缆线联接构件或装置500的另一替代实施方式。在该实施方式中,将带有其端部接头441的连接器440插入到滑块502中的镗孔518中,滑块502还起到托架的作用。带有键孔形开口506的弹簧装载的门504以可滑动的方式安装在滑块502的横向通道507中。键孔开口的上部轮缘508被弹簧510向下推进从而以形成旋转关系的方式接合连接器440的沟槽442。门504顶部上的颈部512将弹簧510支靠在支架514上,该支架514又支撑颈部512的端部上的止挡件516。该布置确保当不存在连接器440时,门504不会掉出滑块502。
托架502在固定至手柄的滑道520中行进。通过旋转角柄来操作释放装置或构件522。构件522包括推动件524,其跨接在引导件526中并与通过在端部凸耳530中枢转的连杆528连接至角柄13。同样是夹持/释放位置的平衡位置示于图34中。将轴部示出为邻接固定位置滑道520的远端,缆线38是平衡的,弹簧446在伸展位置处,托架502在滑道520的远端处,并且推动件524示出为在门504的下方对齐。在图35的剖面图中,连接器440借助于门504而被夹持住。图35还示出了托架502,其通过缆线38而被由箭头所示向近端拉出,该缆线38又连接至滑动件28。弹簧510将门504保持向下并闭锁,但连接器440能够在滑块502内自由旋转。图37示出了抬起的角柄和推动件524,该推动件524与门接触并向上推动该门以将键孔开口506的宽部与连接器轴对准,因而可如图38所示将连接器440退出。
在使用本发明的外科手术器械以后,可易于将已使用或污染的轴部14从手柄部12上卸下并如下文中所述予以丢弃。在这一点上,参照如下方式进行说明,即,出于对轴部进行替代的目的,该轴部是能够易于拆卸的。处于解释的目的,于此主要参照第一实施方式进行说明。为了释放轴部14,如图2和5中所示,通过操纵角度锁定装置140以使得拼合毂部202A-202D能够足够扩展从而能够去除球120来释放束带圈200。一旦释放了束带圈,就可在将轴部14丢弃时,将球从拼合毂202上拉出,并由此从手柄部12上卸下。在卸下手柄部之前,将角柄13如图2和5所示向上抬起,这释放了轴锁定构件260与缆线联接构件320。接着将轴部14抓握在球120的颈部206处,并直接从手柄部12上拉出并丢弃。在消毒手柄部12后,可易于将新的轴部14附连至它。
如图2所示,新的轴部14可装配有临时护套46,该临时护套46是半刚性的并紧密地装配在末端执行器和远侧可弯曲构件20的上方以将末端执行器钳口保持开启,这确保将轴部14的近端处的接头40全部插入到轴连接器212中。当将轴部14插入到手柄部12中时,这是缆线联接装置320与接头40的适当对准所需要的。在将轴部14插入到手柄部12中时,护套46还将远侧可弯曲构件20相对于用于正确对准的轴和轴连接器212而言保持为笔直的,并由此将近侧可弯曲构件18相对于该轴和轴连接器212而言保持为笔直的。同样优选地是设置在此描述的呈肋和沟槽形式的指引装置,这些肋和沟槽确保轴连接器212与旋钮24以固定的方式旋转,并还设置有匹配装置以确保将特定的末端执行器或工具正确匹配到适当的手柄结构。
下面描述新轴部与手柄部的插入的步骤。当轴部14进入手柄部12时,球120的球形表面204接触相应的拼合毂部202A-202D的锥形面378并迫使它们分离,直到球形表面204能够越过拼合毂和角形表面380上形成的点,如图6和7所示。角形表面380使得球120能够利用部分202A-202D的较小扩展越过拼合毂,以使其更容易将球滑进和滑出拼合毂。将拼合毂部附连至手柄的支柱230具有形成有助于拼合毂部的扩展的活动铰链的变薄的区域382。虽然前面将图6描述为示出了轴部的移除,但还可认为示出了在将轴部14插入到手柄部12中时的相对定位。
继续该插入步骤,接下来,将轴连接器212的柱214借助于柱214的自由端处的锥形面216引导到旋钮24的轴接收器部300的间隙孔314和手柄壁318中的间隙孔316中。可使轴14旋转直到诸如轴接收器上的肋302和轴连接器212上的沟槽306的指引特征在拼合毂部的推进下匹配为止,该拼合毂部试图返回至记忆位置并在球120的远侧施加近侧压力。肋302在304处是锥形的并且连接器212在216处是锥形的以有助于对准。一旦适当对准,轴连接器212可向近端滑动,直到连接器上的台肩308接触轴接收器部300的座部310,如图5所示。
在轴接收器300中设有凹处312,以允许容纳用于终端压线头102和弹性垫片104的间隙。但连接器位于接收器中时,将缆线连接接头40引导到由接头上的斜坡42引导的缆线联接钳口322。当连接器212全部位于接收器300中时,柱214的端部邻接并接触柱356的一侧,如图14所示。钳口322的面邻接柱356的另一侧,如由托架弹簧336所推进的那样。图14还示出了设定有适当的距离D以确保接头40邻接并优选地接触缆线38附连至滑动件28的部分。除此以外,该定位提供了接头40与钳口322中的凹处324的对准以便在释放筒夹332时,钳口322获取接头40。
一旦使得轴部适当就位,接着轴部14就现在已准备好被锁定至手柄。使角柄13顺时针或向下旋转至如图3所示的位置。这释放了筒夹332并且钳口322获取接头40,同时轴锁定装置260以与手柄形成旋转关系的方式锁定轴连接器212。接着束带圈200由释放/锁定杆220拉紧,并可去除护套46,同时在继续拉护套的远端的同时逐渐挤压钳口夹杆22。现在就可以使用该器械了。
尽管现在已经描述了与本发明的原理相关的有限数目的实施方式,但对于本领域普通技术人员而言应该明白的是,可以将其多个其它的实施方式和变型设想为落入到如所附权利要求书所限定的本发明的范围内。例如,尽管已经将角柄描述为通过其来发动缆线联接的装置,但应该明白的是,可使用其它现存的器械构件或附加构件来发动该动作。在一个其它的示例中,工具致动杆可适用于缆线联接的功能。

Claims (22)

1.一种外科手术器械,包括:
器械轴,其具有近端和远端;
工具,其设置于所述器械轴的远端;
控制手柄,其联接于所述器械轴的近端;
远侧运动构件,其用于将所述器械轴的远端联接至所述工具;
近侧运动构件,其用于将所述器械轴的近端联接至所述手柄;
致动装置,其在所述远侧运动构件与所述近侧运动构件之间延伸,用于将所述近侧运动构件的运动联接至所述远侧运动构件,以便控制所述工具的定位;
以及致动缆线,其从所述手柄延伸至所述工具,用于控制所述工具的致动;
所述致动缆线被分成两个能够相互接合的缆线节段,所述两个能够相互接合的缆线节段使得所述近侧运动构件能够与所述控制手柄断开连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,进一步包括旋转装置,所述旋转装置邻近所述控制手柄设置并且能够相对于所述控制手柄旋转以便导致所述器械轴和工具的对应旋转。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外科手术器械,其中,至少所述近侧运动构件包括近侧可弯曲构件,所述旋转装置包括适于使所述工具绕远侧工具滚动轴线旋转的旋钮,并且所述旋钮设置在所述控制手柄与近侧可弯曲构件之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,包括致动杆,所述致动杆在所述手柄上的枢轴点处由所述手柄支撑并用于控制所述致动缆线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,包括滑动件和致动杆,所述滑动件用于获取所述工具致动缆线的近端,所述致动杆被支撑于所述手柄处,用于控制所述滑动件的平移并进而控制所述工具的操作。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,包括锁定机构,所述锁定机构用于将所述工具的位置固定于选定位置处并且具有锁定状态和解锁状态,所述锁定机构包括设置在所述近侧运动构件周围的球和承窝布置以用于锁定所述球和承窝布置的束带构件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的外科手术器械,其中,承窝构件包括拼合窝,并且所述束带构件闭合所述拼合承窝以将所述承窝锁定在所述球。
8.根据权利要求1所述的外科手术器械,包括角柄,所述角柄由所手柄以可枢转的方式支撑,并能够操作以接合和脱离接合所述缆线节。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外科手术器械,包括在所述手柄中被支撑筒夹,用于闭合在所述缆线节段的周围。
10.在一种医疗器械中,所述医疗器械具有:近侧控制手柄和远侧工,所述近侧控制手柄和所述远侧工具通过长形器械轴、近侧可移动构件远侧可移动构件、缆线控制装置、所述手柄处的致动构件以及联接器互联接,所述长形器械轴用于在内部穿过解剖体,所述近侧可移动构件和述远侧可移动构件分别将所述近侧控制手柄和所述远侧工具与所述器轴互相联接,所述缆线控制装置设置在所述可移动构件之间,所述手柄的致动构件用于通过所述可移动构件控制所述远侧工具,所述联接器用选择性地接合或脱离接合所述致动构件的可分离的缆线节段。
11.根据权利要求10所述的医疗器械,其中,所述联接器包括筒夹获取接头,所述筒夹附连至所述缆线节段中的一个,所述获取接头位于述缆线节段中的另一个上,所述筒夹用于保持所述获取接头以接合所述线节段。
12.根据权利要求11所述的医疗器械,在所述手柄上包括枢转构件,述枢转构件包括至少一个链节,所述链节能够操作以控制设定所述筒夹开启位置和闭合位置的凸轮。
13.根据权利要求12所述的医疗器械,其中,所述枢转构件在所述柄的顶部处形成角柄以有助于舒服地持握所述手柄。
14.根据权利要求13所述的医疗器械,其中,所述筒夹包括快速断开连接机构,所述快速断开连接机构具有基部和弹簧,所述基部中设置有筒夹,所述弹簧将所述基部偏压至所述筒夹的闭合位置。
15.一种控制医疗器械的方法,所述医疗器械具有包括控制手柄的近端和包括远侧工具的远端,所述控制手柄和所述远侧工具通过长形器械轴互相联接,所述工具由工具控制缆线致动,
所述方法包括:
设置近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件,所述近侧可移动构件和所述远侧可移动构件分别将所述近侧控制手柄和所述远侧工具与所述器械轴互相联接,
将所述近侧可移动构件和所述远侧可移动构件互相联接以使所述近侧可移动构件处的运动控制所述远侧可移动构件,
将所述工具控制缆线分成分离的缆线节段和将所述分离的缆线节段互相锁定,以使所述工具控制缆线是可操作的。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,包括从所述器械的近端手动控制所述远侧工具绕其纵向远侧工具轴线的旋转。
17.一种器械,其具有近侧控制手柄和远侧工具,所述近侧控制手柄和所述远侧工具通过如下装置相互连接,即:
长形器械轴,
近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件,所述近侧可移动构件和远侧可移动构件分别将所述近侧控制手柄和所述远侧工具与所述器械轴互相联接,
设置在所述可移动构件之间以使所述近侧可移动构件处的运动控制所述远侧可移动构件并进而控制所述远侧工具的装置,
被支撑在所述手柄处、用于控制所述远侧工具的装置,所述装置包括在所述手柄与远侧工具之间延伸的工具控制缆线,所述工具控制缆线包括适于具有接合状态与脱离接合状态中的一种的分离的控制缆线节段。
18.根据权利要求17所述的器械,包括控制构件,所述控制构件位于所述控制手柄处,并能够由使用者控制操纵以经由所述近侧可移动构件和所述远侧可移动构件控制所述远侧工具绕其远侧工具轴线的旋转。
19.根据权利要求17所述的器械,其中,当所述控制缆线节段处于其脱离接合状态中时,能够将所述近侧运动构件与所述控制手柄断开连接。
20.根据权利要求19所述的器械,包括联接器,所述联接器用于选择性地接合或脱离接合所述可分离的缆线节段。
21.根据权利要求19所述的器械,其中,所述联接器包括筒夹和获取接头,所述筒夹附连至所述缆线节段中的一个,所述获取接头位于所述缆线节段中的另一个上,所述筒夹用于保持所述获取接头以接合所述缆线节段。
22.根据权利要求21所述的器械,其中,所述筒夹包括快速断开连接机构,所述快速断开连接机构具有基部和弹簧,所述基部中设置有所述筒夹,所述弹簧将所述基部偏压至所述筒夹的闭合位置。
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