CN101686865A - 三维液压可控的用于替换椎体的选择性扩张式椎间融合器 - Google Patents

三维液压可控的用于替换椎体的选择性扩张式椎间融合器 Download PDF

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CN101686865A
CN101686865A CN200880016846A CN200880016846A CN101686865A CN 101686865 A CN101686865 A CN 101686865A CN 200880016846 A CN200880016846 A CN 200880016846A CN 200880016846 A CN200880016846 A CN 200880016846A CN 101686865 A CN101686865 A CN 101686865A
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fusion device
lumbar fusion
implant
invasive lumbar
expanding
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CN101686865B (zh
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T·M·D·格罗茨
R·普雷蒂
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Howmedica Leibinger Inc
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INNVOTEC SURGICAL Inc
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Abstract

一种植入物(1110)包括两个缸,所述两个缸具有活塞,所述活塞包括三个渐进级,所述渐进级提供了70毫米的总扩张高度和25毫米的闭合高度。进一步地,尽管图中示出了两缸布置中的三级渐进式活塞,但也可使用单个缸。进一步地,所使用的级可多于三个或少于三个。本文给出的上部构件(1125)具有弯曲构型。在底部(1124)和上部构件(1125)上设置了表面纹理以便确保其与需要设置该装置的椎骨的端部实现良好的抓握。活塞的调节使得当装置扩张时能够为该装置提供了适当的取向。

Description

三维液压可控的用于替换椎体的选择性扩张式椎间融合器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于稳定椎骨运动节段(vertebral motion segment)的医疗装置。更特别地,本发明涉及一种远程启动的可受到液压控制的选择性扩张式椎间融合器(SEC)和用于提供三维受控脊柱矫正以便改进脊柱的椎体间牵引和融合且用于替换椎体的插入方法。
目前无法实现端板的牵引和扩张
常规的椎间融合器或植入物的特征在于具有菜豆形本体,所述本体包括被设置在用于与相邻的椎骨节段或端板接触的外表面上的涂覆有羟基磷灰石的表面,如图1所示。常规的脊柱椎间融合器通常在试用植入物形成插入路径之后通过被牵引脊柱的神经孔(neuroforamen)而从后部被前后排列地插入。
用于实现体间(interbody)稳定的这些现有装置存在重大且明显的限制,这些限制包括无法对端板进行扩张和牵引。目前的用于进行体间稳定的装置包括静态隔离件,所述静态隔离件包括钛、PEEK和由VICTREX(Victrex USA Inc,3A Caledon Court;Greenville,SC 29615)生产的高性能热塑性聚合物、碳纤维或可吸收聚合物。目前的体间隔离件无法保持体间脊柱前凸且会导致形成直的节段或甚至导致形成脊柱后凸节段,并且带来了“平背综合症(flatback syndrome)”等临床问题。端板之间的分离增加了神经元,尤其是神经孔,所可以利用的空间。现有的静态椎间融合器无法可靠地增加神经元的空间。因此,所希望的是提供一种扩张式椎间融合器,所述扩张式椎间融合器将会从后部增加椎体之间的用于神经元的空间,或至少能保持自然骨骼的轮廓从而避免出现神经失用症(神经牵拉)或占位。
骨与生物材料之间存在不良界面
常规的体间稳定装置的另一问题是在骨与生物材料之间存在不良界面。常规的静态体间隔离件在骨与生物材料之间形成了不牢固的界面。尽管这种植入物的表面通常设有一系列脊部或涂覆有羟基磷灰石,但该脊部会平行于所施加的水平矢量或左右运动。即,对于施加到端板的任一侧104上的移动而言,该脊部或涂层几乎并未提供任何阻力。因此,植入物与其所寄生的骨之间的运动使得在同种异体移植物、钛和聚合物隔离件中会普遍地出现骨不连合的现象。常规的装置通常并不在相邻的椎骨之间扩张。
因此,需要提供一种扩张植入物的方式以便改善即时固定力,该即时固定力会超过愈合时的最终强度。这种可扩张的植入物在理想情况下将会使界面的稳定性最大化并且增强了稳定的固定。这种可扩张的体间植入物的即时固定有利地将提供与愈合时所实现的稳定性相似的稳定性。这种植入物的价值在于将会增强病人的早期术后复原。常规的大尺寸静态装置需要神经系统结构的大面积暴露
常规的体间隔离件的另一问题在于,该隔离件所具有的较大直径需要大面积的暴露。用于体间隔离件的现有装置包括结构性同种异体移植物、带螺纹的椎间融合器、圆柱形椎间融合器和飞旋标形椎间融合器。常规的装置在安全性和功效方面存在明显缺陷。在体间隔离件的安全性方面,从前部或后部进行安放的方案会导致神经元被损伤。常规的脊柱椎间融合器无法进行扩张,这降低了其固定性能。
给神经元带来的风险主要是由于在为体间空间提供足够支承所需的椎间融合器的较大尺寸与实现装置的插入所可利用的较小空间之间的不一致性所造成的,尤其是当从后部或从后路进行安放时更是如此。现有的飞旋标形椎间融合器的形状与部分变平的菜豆相似。这种飞旋标形椎间融合器的植入需要大面积暴露且可能损伤脉管和神经结构,这既是因为该椎间融合器无法变得更小和更大也是由于该椎间融合器的插入需要在植入物的插入和扩张过程中进行机械操作。一旦目前的飞旋标形植入物准备借助于试验隔离件形成的向着前部脊柱的路径而被插入,则现有的静态椎间融合器被推向端点,从而希望其到达所需的解剖学目的地。在神经根和脉管结构位于接近插入位点的位置处的情况下,且由于该常规装置具有实心的相对较大的尺寸,因此这种限制为病人埋下了出现椎间孔(神经经过的位点)占位且神经和脉管可能受伤的隐患。
因此,所需要的是提供一种使侵入性降至最低程度的扩张性脊柱椎间融合器,该脊柱椎间融合器能够在使侵入性降至最低程度的情况下被插入更小的孔内。这种使侵入性降至最低程度的脊柱椎间融合器有利地可在施加液压力从而在三维方向上进行完全位置控制或调节的情况下产生扩张,所述液压力的施加是通过连接的较薄且易弯曲的液压管线进行的。该较薄的液压管线将代替刚性插入工具,由此完全防止了给脊柱周围脆弱的神经末梢和神经根带来外伤。由于液压控制系统产生了明显的机械杠杆作用,因此有利地可通过尺寸最小的插入引导杆工具插入该扩张式椎间融合器,所述插入引导杆工具能够引导该椎间融合器穿过经椎间孔途径而到达预定目的地,同时降低了对神经根造成外伤的风险。即,由病人外部的医师控制的液压控制系统提供了机械优点。
该尺寸最小的插入工具可罩住多条液压管线以便精确地插入和扩张该椎间融合器,且在插入之后可简单地使该工具与扩张的椎间融合器分离开来。应该注意到:在这种液压系统中,更小更薄的管线有利地还增加了(与手动驱动或操纵的外科手术工具相反)为实现植入物的适当扩张所需的调节力(单位为磅每英寸),植入物必须将力直接施加在介入位置处。即,对于在脊柱植入物外科手术中真正使侵入性降至最低程度的方案来说,所需要的是这样一种设备和方法,该设备和方法提供了必要的较大量的力从而使得能够在安全地远离介入位置的情况下相对于椎骨端板适当地扩张和调节该椎间融合器。
还需要提供一种更小的扩张脊柱椎间融合器,所述脊柱椎间融合器更易于被操作性地插入病人体内,同时将带来的外科手术外伤降至最低限度,而常规的相对较大的装置则会在椎骨区域的有限空间中对神经根带来不必要的外伤。
体间骨生成的容量有限
现有的体间植入物为骨移植物提供的空间是有限的。足够的骨移植物或骨移植物替代物对于固体体间关节固定术来说是非常关键的。所希望的是提供一种可扩张的体间椎间融合器,所述椎间融合器将允许将较大体积的骨移植物材料安放在椎间融合器内并放在该椎间融合器周围,以便充注椎骨间空间。此外,常规的体间植入物缺少完全稳定端板并防止端板移动的能力。因此,还希望提供这样一种扩张脊柱椎间融合器,其中椎骨端板所承受的力既起到了牵引椎骨端板而使其分开的作用,又起到了保持椎骨端板防止其移动的作用。这种体间椎间融合器将能够对运动节段进行稳定,由此减轻微移动并减缓假性关节病(融合不完全)和疼痛。
理想情况下,需要提供这样一种脊柱椎间融合器或植入物,该脊柱椎间融合器或植入物能够从前部增加宽度方面的扩张率以便像蛤一样张开,从而使其伸展到计算出的程度下。此外,需要提供这样一种脊柱椎间融合器,该脊柱椎间融合器不仅可调节整个后部扩张量,也可调节中间和侧部的可变扩张,从而使得既保持了正常的脊柱前凸弯曲,又使得可对脊柱侧凸或骨缺陷进行调节。这种脊柱椎间融合器或植入物将允许正常的脊柱序列(spinal alignment)在外科手术之后进行复位并刚性地以机械方式将脊柱节段保持在一起,直至出现愈合。
还需要提供一种扩张式椎间融合器或植入物,所述扩张式椎间融合器或植入物能够保持椎骨或关节节段并提高拉出强度,从而在将植入物引入关节固定术骨块内时,将植入物固定损失的几率降至最低程度。
如果这种椎间融合器可从前部扩张而远离神经结构且可沿前部脊柱的轴线进行扩张,而不是均匀地扩张,则也是希望的,均匀的扩张会占据椎体表面内部的更多空间。
发明内容
为了克服常规脊柱植入物的前述缺点,本发明的一个方面提供了一种将侵入性降至最低程度的扩张脊柱植入物,该植入物在本文中也被称作选择性扩张脊柱椎间融合器(SEC),该选择性扩张脊柱椎间融合器从后部被插置在上部椎骨端板与下部椎骨端板之间。所述SEC植入物限定出内部腔体以便接收骨传导材料从而促进椎间空间中新骨的形成。该植入物还可选择性地产生扩张以便回复相邻椎骨之间的椎间盘高度,从而提供三维的矫正性脊柱序列,并且实现椎体的替换。
所述选择性扩张式椎间融合器在其第一状态下或未扩张状态下的直径为约0.4-1cm,从而使得能够在最小的侵入性下将该选择性扩张式椎间融合器从后部插置通过有孔的空间或者插置在处于工作空间中的椎弓根之间,所述工作空间的直径为约1cm。所述植入物在主缸处或者借助于位于远离病人位置处的注射器而在液压作用下启动,从而使得能够进行三维受控脊柱矫正。
所述SEC植入物包括限定出两个或更多个缸的6-4钛合金缸体和用于灌注来自远程材料源的骨移植材料的中心腔体。钛活塞被设置在所述缸中并通过位于远程位置处的主缸或注射器对所述钛活塞进行独立的液压启动。
一旦被插置在所述端板之间,则所述植入物有利地借助于最小的力就可产生扩张,所述力是通过液压控制管线在远程施加的。所述扩张有利地大于未扩张的高度。
骨接合板或可选的楔形板被保持而以自由浮动的方式捕获性地接合活塞的顶部上,从而通过活塞的垂直扩张而施加所需的前部/后部矫正角度。由于所述椎骨端板在一端处借助于非常类似于蛤壳的韧带被保持在一起,因此随着活塞相对于所述端板垂直地产生扩张,可对活塞的垂直扩张量进行调节以便形成所需的前部/后部矫正角度。
可选的脊柱前凸板或底板可被设置成辅助缸体的底部,所述底部被置靠在第二椎骨端板上。所述可选的脊柱前凸板以类似于楔形件的方式成一定角度,从而提供了处在达20度范围内的脊柱前凸矫正角度。当需要前部/后部矫正角度的极值时,所述顶板和/或可选的底板可被构造成楔形件以便施加达20度的附加前部/后部角度。
脊柱的左侧矫正和右侧矫正是通过使两个或更多个缸产生不同的椎骨扩张而实现的。每个活塞受到主缸或注射器的独立控制,所述主缸或注射器位于体外(位于远离病人的位置处)且与辅助缸进行液压连通以使活塞和顶板进行垂直和横向移动,从而从前部或后部、从中间或从侧部对脊柱畸形进行矫正,从而提供三维脊柱矫正。
所述缸体和相应的活塞包括优选类型的6-4钛合金以便实现极高的强度并实现与骨的相容性。所述缸体还限定出中心腔体,所述中心腔体具有用于接收来自供应管线的一定量骨移植材料的入口,所述供应管线被连接至远程材料源,所述远程材料源用于在压力下将所述骨移植材料供应至所述腔体。所述中心腔体延伸通过与两个端板相邻的缸体,从而使得当活塞产生扩张时,骨移植材料在适当的压力下被灌输穿过所述腔体以便充注所述端板之间的所需空间。
根据本发明的另一方面,使机械杠杆作用从所述主缸连通至所述辅助缸的液压流体有利地为受时间控制的可固化聚合物,如甲基丙烯酸甲酯。可通过众所周知的适当的添加催化剂的成分来调节粘性和固化时间。当聚合物产生固化时,该聚合物使活塞产生硬化并将所述活塞固定地锁定在适当位置处并因此实现所需的前部/后部、中间/侧部、上部/下部脊柱矫正量。
因此,本发明的关键特征在于,可在仅1cm的工作空间中将大体上不可压缩的钛植入物从后部插置在椎弓根之间或插置通过有孔的空间。所述植入物随后可相对于其原始插入尺寸产生相当大程度的扩张,以便提供紧密受控的全范围三维脊柱矫正。刚性钛合金缸体对液压介质存在限制,这种限制使得固化聚合物基本上不受压缩力的影响,从而使植入物比常规的可能植入物要坚固得多。有利地,目前的6-4钛缸体构型能够在椎骨上承受超过12,000牛顿的压缩力或约3000磅的压缩力。这在常规的扩张植入物中是无法实现的,在常规的扩张植入物中,扩张聚合物并未受到基本上不可压缩的钛本体的限制。进一步地,可固化聚合物的结构完整性不会随着时间产生劣化,原因在于其被限制在植入物的钛合金本体或缸体中。此外,由于在活塞扩张的整个试验过程和稍后的整个实际过程中,都可借助于“外科医生对施加压力的触碰或感知”的方式而相对于骨对植入物进行调节,因此降低了出现骨端板受伤和最终衰耗的倾向性风险。因此,由于在试验扩张的过程中,使用了从注射器流向活塞的流体如盐水,因此使得实现了触觉优点。其后,使用用来进行最后扩张的液体(甲基丙烯酸甲酯聚合物)并借助于新注射器实现最后的经过预先计算的扩张,所述新注射器使用仪表、X射线相片、临床外观以及对椎体上的压力进行感测的方式形成所需的安全且矫正性的SEC扩宽效应。在常规的植入物系统中,无法进行这种加压调节。
在本发明的另一方面中,多个辅助缸和活塞被设置(具有或不具有顶板)被设置在SEC植入物中。所述多个辅助活塞提供了三维矫正表面。选择性扩张式椎间融合器中的每个辅助活塞与位于远程主缸中的多个缸中相应的一个缸存在液压连通,从而在三维方向上(X、Y和Z轴)在多个高度处对辅助缸进行独立的受控扩张。
外科医生调节主缸或注射器以便为中间/侧部(X轴)、前部/后部(Z轴)提供受控角度,且外科医生可从上部/下部调节选择性扩张式椎间融合器以便进行垂直调节(Y轴)。因此,可在远程通过液压管线实现三维控制,同时将病人的外伤降至最低限度。
主缸或独立的材料源还有利地通过管线将可注射的骨移植材料供应至所述选择性扩张式椎间融合器中的输入端口并因此供应至设置在所述辅助缸体中的腔体以便充注所述选择性扩张式椎间融合器和介于相邻椎体之间的后扩张空间。这使得骨诱导和骨传导骨移植材料能够基本上完全地灌满介于所述椎体之间的所述后扩张空间,从而增强融合。
使侵入性降至最低程度的小型插入工具既从后部插入未扩张的选择性扩张式椎间融合器又罩住了在所述主缸与所述辅助缸之间连通的液压管线。所述插入工具还罩住了用于将液态或浆料态的骨移植材料连通至所述辅助缸并连通进入椎间空间内的管线。有利地,使用的是薄液压管线。用于所述液压管线的小尺寸管道有利地使得可采用液压高压,而不会出现管线破裂的危险。所述辅助缸和活塞的尺寸可产生变化以便增加机械优点。
根据本发明的一个方面,所述主缸包括一个或多个带螺纹的活塞,所述活塞向下旋转进入相应的缸内从而提供了机械优点。在本实例中,螺距控制了旋转压力且因此控制了机械优点。例如,在螺纹密度为每英寸10条螺纹的情况下,旋钮或活塞需要旋转10转才能移动一英寸。二十条螺纹则需要每英寸20转,但旋转力将减少50%。在主缸处的旋转扭矩相同的情况下,更精细的节距会使作用在辅助缸上的向上的力增加50%。通常情况下,所述主缸实现了200-500psi的压力。正如众所周知地,所述辅助缸可大于所述主缸以便增加压力(psi)且因此增加所述辅助缸中的扩张力。所述系统的其它优点包括:
所述主缸是由透明丙烯酸材料制成的一次性物品。
所述插入工具的柄是一次性的且在聚合物硬化时可易于拆除该柄。
所述主缸机构是杠杆或螺钉装置或注射器。这种带螺纹的主缸活塞或其等效替代方式产生旋转以便为所述辅助活塞提供机械优点,所述机械优点是由上述螺纹的螺距提供的。
液压管线通过插入工具接近辅助活塞,且主缸与辅助缸之间存在直接连接,而没有止回阀。
由于液压控制系统使得外科医生能够在远离病人身体的位置处施加控制力从而在三维方向上扩张并调节所述脊柱植入物,因此该系统提供了使侵入性降至最低程度的过程。(无限可调的高度和横向角度,不限于增量位置)。
楔形板提供了0-20度左右的前部/后部脊柱矫正。所述可选的底部或脊柱前凸板也具有约0-20度(前部/后部)的角度以便从前部至后部矫正脊柱前凸角度。
所述辅助缸具有放气阀,所述放气阀的作用在于使得可在体外(身体外部)充注该缸。
由于液压系统提供了机械优点,因此选择性扩张式椎间融合器在其未扩张状态下具有最小化的尺寸和直径,所述尺寸和直径小于制备的神经孔的直径。所述选择性扩张式椎间融合器因此可从后部被插入且被接合在相邻椎骨的端板之间以便有效地牵引椎间区域、回复用于神经元的空间、稳定运动节段、并阻止了病理节段的运动。所述选择性扩张式椎间融合器通过形成刚性脊柱节段而促进了脊柱关节固定术。
所述选择性扩张式椎间融合器使得能够将相对大量的骨生长传导剂或诱导剂包含在该选择性扩张式椎间融合器内部并与相邻骨直接连通,这是一个显著的优点。重要的是,这导致产生了比相邻骨和软组织失效力更大的固定力。
应该意识到:由楔形板形成的矫正表面在扩张时保持了恒定的角度。通常情况下,一个选择性扩张式椎间融合器被用于从后部进行融合-但外科医生也可选择任何插入矢量。所述椎间融合器可被用作椎间融合器或间隔器,以便促进融合,和/或以便矫正例如脊柱侧凸、脊柱后凸和脊椎前移等的一些畸形。
所述选择性扩张式椎间融合器及其插入方法的临床目标将神经根受损的侵入性风险降至最低限度、减轻了痛苦、改善了功能且使得可在融合手术之后对病人进行早期固定。一旦出现愈合(融合或关节固定术),则植入物被包括在骨内部且其作用变为静止作用。
本发明的选择性扩张式椎间融合器提供了更多的内部和外部移植骨空间暴露程度、使得更易于实现定向插入同时更为安全、降低了对神经根和其它组织造成插入损伤的风险、且因此显著改善了中长期治疗效果。
附图说明
本发明为清晰起见提供了启发性示图。结合下面的描述、所附权利要求书和附图可以更好地理解本发明的前述及其它特征、方面和优点,在所述附图中:
图1示出了根据本发明的一个方面的脊柱,图中示出了将选择性扩张式椎间融合器从后部插入并安放在第4节腰椎与第5节腰椎之间的情况。该图同时示出了从前部被置于第4节腰椎与第5节腰椎之间的椎骨间隙中的植入物,大多数的腰部融合是在L5与S1之间实施的,植入物被固定在L5与S1之间。外科医生可根据融合的需求而在任何脊柱高度处使用该选择性扩张式椎间融合器;
图2是椎体的侧视图,图中示出了安放根据本发明的一个方面的选择性扩张式椎间融合器的情况;
图3是椎体的顶视图,图中示出了安放根据本发明的一个方面的选择性扩张式椎间融合器的情况;
图4A是处于未扩张状态下的根据本发明的一个方面的选择性扩张式椎间融合器的前部透视图;
图4B是根据本发明的一个方面的图4A所示选择性扩张式椎间融合器的后部透视图;
图4C是图4A所示选择性扩张式椎间融合器的后部透视图,图中示出了根据本发明的一个方面的液压和骨移植物输入端口的细节;
图4D是图4A所示选择性扩张式椎间融合器的透视图,且为清晰起见移除了楔形板;
图4E是图4A所示选择性扩张式椎间融合器的透视图,图中示出了由根据本发明的一个方面的选择性扩张式椎间融合器本体限定出的缸和骨移植物灌输腔体;
图4F示出了根据本发明的一个方面的楔形板的另一视图;
图4G示出了根据本发明的一个方面的楔形板和脊柱前凸板的细节;
图5A是处于扩张状态下的根据本发明的一个方面的选择性扩张式椎间融合器的前部透视图;
图5B是选择性扩张式椎间融合器的顶部透视图,图中示出了用于进行骨移植物灌输的腔体和使得根据本发明的一个方面的楔形件进行横向移动的凹部;
图5C是处于扩张状态下的根据本发明的一个方面的选择性扩张式椎间融合器的后部透视图;
图5D是图5C所示选择性扩张式椎间融合器的透视图,且为清晰起见移除了选择性扩张式椎间融合器本体;
图6是根据本发明的一个方面的选择性扩张式椎间融合器的另一可选实施例的透视图;
图7A是用于对根据本发明的一个方面的选择性扩张式椎间融合器进行液压控制的主缸的透视图。存在多个其它可选的实施例,其中活塞的扩张大部分是用最简单的一次性注射器实现的;
图7B是图7A所示内部的视图;
图8是根据本发明的一个方面的主缸的另一可选实施例的透视图;
图9A是根据本发明的一个方面的保持着选择性扩张式椎间融合器、液压管线和骨移植物供应管线的插入工具的透视图;
图9B是图9A所示插入工具的近视图;
图10A示出了根据本发明的一个方面的用于对多个辅助缸进行独立控制的液压管线的一个实施例;
图10B示出了根据本发明的一个方面的用于图10A所示液压管线的接头的近视图;
图11是根据本发明的用于替换椎体的植入物的侧视图;
图12是根据本发明的用于替换椎体的植入物的斜视图;
图13是根据本发明的被用作用于替换椎体的植入物的伸缩装置的侧视图;
图14是根据本发明的被用作用于替换椎体的植入物的伸缩装置的透视图;
图15是脊柱的后部视图,图中示出了根据本发明的用于在适当位置处替换椎体的植入物;和
图16是根据本发明的用于替换椎体的植入物的透视图,图中示出了插入工具和液压管线。
具体实施方式
参见图1,图中示出了椎骨节段或端板,且存在代表平均椎间空间的平均达8mm的间隙。在插入选择性扩张式椎间融合器100之间实施了完全的椎间盘切除术。利用标准技术移除占据空间102的椎间盘,所述标准技术包括咬骨钳、刮除术、以及端板制备以使软骨下骨放血。后部纵向韧带被分开从而使得椎间空间可产生扩张。
椎间空间102借助于旋转刮刀(图中并未示出,这是一种已公知的装置,该装置看起来像是宽螺钉驱动器,该装置可被水平地置于椎间盘空间内并旋转90度从而将端板分开)被牵引至约10mm的大小。
选择性扩张式椎间融合器从后部(沿箭头102的方向)被插置在如图1(侧视图)所示的第4节腰椎与第5节腰椎之间或被插入任何选定的椎间空间内。根据本发明的一个方面,选择性扩张式椎间融合器在其未扩张状态下缩减成较小的尺寸,从而使得其能够从后部或经椎间孔被插置通过如图所示的空间102。选择性扩张式椎间融合器的尺寸为:12mm宽、10mm高和28mm长,以便有利于从后部插入并由此将病人受外伤和神经根受伤的风险降至最低限度。也可使用其它可选的尺寸。一旦就位,则选择性扩张式椎间融合器可相对于其未扩张尺寸产生相当大程度的扩张,使得可产生20度或更大度数的脊柱前凸。图2和图3是侧视图和顶视图,分别示出了将选择性扩张式椎间融合器100放置在椎体上的情况。
图4A示出了从相对于脊柱的前部位置或后部位置观察到的选择性扩张式椎间融合器100。图中示出了处于闭合或未扩张位置处的选择性扩张式椎间融合器。
参见图4A至图4E,选择性扩张式椎间融合器100包括本体或块体106,所述本体或块体限定出用于相应的活塞110a、110b的一个或多个辅助缸108a、108b。活塞设有O形环112a、112b从而与缸实现紧密密封。块体106还限定出中心腔体114,以便在选择性扩张式椎间融合器产生完全扩张时或者在扩张过程中将骨移植材料灌入椎间空间内,下面将对扩张过程进行描述。
如图4C所示,块体106进一步限定出用于附接液压管线的中心输入端口或主输入端口116和用于传输浆料态或液态骨移植材料的管线,下面将对此进行描述。块体106限定出骨移植物灌注导管,所述导管从位于主输入端口116中的骨移植物输入端口119延伸至位于中心腔体114中的骨移植物出口端口120以便将骨移植材料灌注在所述腔体中。
块体106进一步限定出局部液压流体输入端口122a、122b(图4C),所述端口通往相应的辅助缸108a、108b以便驱动活塞和使选择性扩张式椎间融合器扩张,这是通过从位于体外的主缸进行遥控而实现的,且力与常规装置相比大大提高。
应该意识到:每个辅助活塞110a、110b受到独立的液压管线122a、122b的独立控制,所述液压管线被连接至位于远离病人和植入位置的位置处的主缸(下面将会结合图7a至图8对此进行描述),因此将位于紧邻神经根位置处的外科手术工具所带来的主动介入降至最低限度。尽管图中示例性地示出了两个辅助缸,但应该意识到:本发明不限于此,而是相反地,易于对选择性扩张式椎间融合器块体106进行变型以便限定出多个辅助缸,每个辅助缸受到独立的液压管线的独立控制,从而产生不同的扩张,从而使得可根据特定的应用,而为其提供基本上无限多种的与空间相关的调节。
再次参见图4A至图4G,前部/后部矫正板或楔形板124通过相应的压装螺钉(hold down screw)126a和126b被活动地保持而捕获性地接合在活塞110a、110b的顶部上。板124使得当缸产生垂直扩张时,能够沿前部/后部方向进行脊柱矫正。板124具有骨接合顶表面,所述骨接合顶表面设有两个细长的狭槽128a、128b,所述压装螺钉被设置在所述狭槽中。该细长狭槽128a、128b使得易于产生扩张,且由于该狭槽使得板124可随着活塞产生的不同程度的扩张而沿横向略微移动,因此该狭槽有利于在活塞之间形成角度。板还限定出腔体114以便灌输骨移植材料,所述腔体与由选择性扩张式椎间融合器块体限定出的腔体114具有共同的延伸范围且与其相同。这使得能够通过楔形板的骨接合表面将骨移植材料直接灌入相邻的椎体内。
参见图4F和图4G,前部/后部矫正板124设有向下延伸的边缘130以便在活塞产生不同程度的扩张时与活塞接合,从而确保楔形板稳固地置于适当位置处。板124能够提供前部/后部矫正的原因在于,其可像楔形件那样沿前后方向成一定角度从而具有0-5度或更大度数的矫正角度a。板124还限定出骨移植物腔体114以便使得骨生长传导剂或诱导剂能够与椎骨端板直接连通,所述椎骨端板是与板124相接合的端板。
选择性扩张式椎间融合器可选地设有脊柱前凸底板132,所述脊柱前凸底板包括骨接合表面,所述骨接合表面限定出腔体,所述腔体与骨移植物腔体14具有相同的延伸范围从而使得骨移植材料能够被灌入相邻的与之接合的椎体内。脊柱前凸底板还具有达20度的前部/后部角度b(参见图6)以便矫正脊柱前凸。
参见图4G,顶板124和可选的脊柱前凸底板132用作两块端板,从而提供了矫正表面,所述矫正表面冲击椎体以便进行脊柱矫正。脊柱前凸底板132包括骨接合表面,所述骨接合表面限定出腔体,所述腔体与骨移植物腔体114具有相同的延伸范围,从而使得骨移植材料能够被灌入相邻相对的椎体内。脊柱前凸底板也具有达20度的前部/后部角度b以便对脊柱前凸进行矫正。因此,楔形板和脊柱前凸底板可提供20度或更大度数的脊柱前凸矫正角度。
通过端板的不同楔形成形且通过计算可变活塞扩张度而为外科医生提供对矢状序列的控制。该植入物使得在冠状面和矢状面中控制脊柱序列的过程中具有无可比拟的机动性。
由于椎骨端板在一端处通过非常类似于蛤壳的韧带被保持在一起,因此可对活塞沿垂直方向扩张靠在端板上的过程进行调节以便形成所需的前部/后部矫正角度。因此,顶板124无需被构造成楔形件。在需要前部/后部矫正角度极值的情况下,顶板和/或底板可具有一定角度而成为具有相应的上述矫正角度的楔形件。
图5A至图5D示出了处于扩张状态下的选择性扩张式椎间融合器。液压流体从主缸(图7A)流动通过独立的液压输入管线而进入缸内,所述输入管线被附接至液压输入端口122a、122b。每条液压管线受到独立调节,由此使得可将不同量的材料充注在每个缸和活塞腔体内,从而将活塞和中间/侧部楔形板向上推至所需高度以便实现脊柱矫正。
根据本发明的一个方面,使机械杠杆作用从主缸连通至辅助缸或注射器和活塞的液压流体有利地为受时间控制的可固化聚合物,如甲基丙烯酸甲酯。可通过众所周知的适当的添加催化剂的成分来调节粘性和固化时间。这种催化剂可得自LOCTITE Corp.,1001 Trout BrookCrossing,Rocky Hill Connecticut 06067。当聚合物产生固化时,该聚合物使活塞产生硬化并将所述活塞固定地锁定在适当位置处并因此实现所需的脊柱矫正量,所述矫正量是由医师确定的。
应该意识到:缸体106和活塞110a、110b包括具有生物相容性的大体上不可压缩的材料如钛,且优选为6-4型钛合金。缸体106和活塞110a、110b完全限制了该可固化的聚合物,所述聚合物被用作用于提高活塞的液压流体。当扩张的活塞实现了所需脊柱矫正时,可固化的聚合物产生硬化,从而将适当的脊柱序列大体上不变地锁定在适当位置处。钛活塞和缸体对聚合物的限制提供了这样的优点,即使得聚合物和所需量的脊柱序列基本上不受剪切力和压缩力的影响。
例如,即使可能对聚合物进行压缩,但其仅可被压缩至达到该限制性缸体的结构性限制的程度。即,通过将可固化的聚合物置于该6-4钛缸体内,两个或更多个缸体在所述缸体中产生扩张,使得聚合物基本上是不可压缩的,尤其是沿横向方向更是如此。应该意识到,与常规的扩张植入物相比,用于限制液压材料的6-4钛缸体提供了极高的稳定性和极高的对横向力的阻力。进一步地,可固化聚合物的结构完整性不会随着时间产生劣化,原因在于其被限制在植入物的钛合金本体或缸体中。
提出的6-4钛缸体构型能够承受椎骨上的超过12,000牛顿的压缩力或约3000磅的压缩力。这在常规的扩张植入物中是无法实现的,在常规的扩张植入物中,扩张聚合物并未受到基本上不可压缩的钛本体的限制。
根据本发明的另一方面,可注射的骨移植材料134沿独立的骨移植物输入管线被供应至骨移植物输入端口119从而通过骨移植物出口端口120被灌入腔体114内。
骨移植物输入管线在主缸处或从独立来源受到控制,从而使得能够在压力的诱导下通过选择性扩张式椎间融合器的骨接合表面的腔体114将骨移植材料134灌入相邻的椎骨内。因此,骨移植材料在压力下充注在介于相邻椎体之间的后扩张空间中。这使得骨诱导和/或骨传导骨移植材料大体上灌满了介于椎体之间的后扩张空间,从而促进了融合(参见图5C、图5D)。
使侵入性降至最低程度的液压控制的三维操纵
参见图6,选择性扩张式椎间融合器的另一可选实施例包括多个辅助缸且相应的活塞110a、110b、110n被设置在选择性扩张式椎间融合器本体106中。多个辅助缸和活塞110b、110b、110n中的每个辅助缸和活塞设有独立的与之相关的液压管线122a、122b、122n,所述液压管线与主缸中的多个缸中相应的一个缸进行独立连通,从而在三维方向(X轴、Y轴和Z轴)上在多个高度处使辅助缸产生独立受控的扩张。
在主缸处,设置了多个带螺纹的缸(或一次性注射器)和活塞,每个缸和活塞通过独立的液压管线122a、122b、122n与选择性扩张式椎间融合器中的辅助缸和活塞110a、110b、110n中相应的一个辅助缸和活塞存在独立连通。
多个活塞110a、110b、110n的骨接合表面提供了选择性扩张式椎间融合器的矫正表面。因此,通过适当地调节主缸中的活塞,或根据由独立注射器设置的流体,外科医生可独立地控制选择性扩张式椎间融合器中的辅助缸的扩张以便在三维方向上实现多个高度以使其适应特殊的矫正应用。并不需要设置顶板或楔形板。
选择性扩张式椎间融合器中的辅助活塞110a、110b、110n的骨接合表面111可设有专用涂层以便实现骨生长,该涂层例如为羟基磷灰石。另一种可选方式是,选择性扩张式椎间融合器活塞的骨接合表面111可被制成波纹状,或要不然设有一系列骨接合凸部或腔体以便促进融合。
如前所述,使机械杠杆作用从主缸连通至选择性扩张式椎间融合器辅助缸和活塞110a、110b、110n的液压流体为受时间控制的可固化聚合物,如甲基丙烯酸甲酯,该聚合物在固化后进行所需的三维扩张时将选择性扩张式椎间融合器固定地锁定在适当位置处。
如前所述,可注射的骨移植材料沿独立的骨移植物输入管线被供应至骨移植物输入端口119以便注入腔体114内,从而进入选择性扩张式椎间融合器与相邻骨之间的体间空间。
外科医生能够通过调节主缸的方式对选择性扩张式椎间融合器矫正表面相对于中间/侧部(X轴)的角度和沿前部、后部方向(Z轴)的角度进行遥控。外科医生还可在垂直平面中调节选择性扩张式椎间融合器,使其从主缸或动力源/流体源向上部/向下部(Y轴)移动以便控制植入物高度。因此,通过液压管线实现了三维的遥控,同时将病人外伤降至最低限度。本发明的该方面有利地使得不那么需要在介入位置处手动操纵SEC植入物以便实现所需的扩张角度。这种常规的用外科工具进行手动操纵而进入介入位置的方式需要对神经根进行进一步牵引并可能导致病人出现严重的外伤。
参见图7A和图7B,根据本发明的一个方面,位于远离病人位置处的主缸140通过对选择性扩张式椎间融合器中的辅助缸110a、110b进行独立液压控制而在三维方向上对选择性扩张式椎间融合器进行受控操纵和调节。主缸140包括缸体142,所述缸体限定出两个或更多个带螺纹的缸143。相应的带螺纹的拧紧活塞向下旋转进入带螺纹的缸内,由此将力施加到处在相应液压控制管线中的液压流体上,所述液压控制管线与选择性扩张式椎间融合器中相应的辅助缸110a、110b进行独立连通并通过机械杠杆作用启动所述辅助缸。用于将机械杠杆作用施加在辅助缸处的旋转力受到主缸中的带螺纹的活塞的螺距的控制,或在另一可选实施例中,通过使用注射器的方式控制所述旋转力,所述注射器中的一个注射器用作用于每个活塞的主缸或用作辅助缸以便调整活塞高度。
在图7B中,带螺纹的活塞144a、144b被设置在液压缸中,所述液压缸与液压管线14ba、148b连通,所述液压管线被联接至液压输入端口116a、116b以便对辅助缸110a、110b进行独立液压控制,如前所述。
对于另一带螺纹的缸和活塞组件150来说,则将一定量的浆料形式或液体形式的骨移植材料供应给该组件,且该组件的运转方式与前两个组件是相同的,以便通过骨移植物供应管线152在压力下将骨移植材料供应至SEC骨移植物输入端口119。因此,骨移植材料在压力下受力而离开主缸并通过腔体114进入椎间空间内。
另一可选的主缸系统
参见图8,图中提供了主缸的另一可选实施例以便对SEC植入物中的每个辅助缸进行独立液压控制。主缸154设有两个或更多个缸156a、156b和相关的活塞157a、157b。由外科医生控制的杠杆158被附接到每个活塞上。液压流体通过管线148a、148b被供给进入插入的SEC植入物内。杠杆在选择性扩张式椎间融合器中的辅助缸内部形成了1磅与10磅的压力比,并因此使辅助缸靠在椎骨端板上。在机械上,这为外科医生提供了10∶1的提升力优点。外科医生所需的施加力借助于杠杆和液压系统而成倍增加,从而使选择性扩张式椎间融合器如前所述地产生受控扩张而靠在端板上,从而在三维方向上形成了任何所需的脊椎矫正效应。
如果外科医生在杠杆上施加一磅的力,则活塞施加10磅的力。主缸中的活塞使液压流体移置通过液压管线148a、148b。该液压管线是柔性导管,直径不超过3mm。薄的液压管线是希望设置的,这样可在选择性扩张式椎间融合器中的辅助缸处提供机械优点。如果在柄上施加一磅的压力,则选择性扩张式椎间融合器中相应的活塞将具有10磅的提升力。如果SEC植入物内部的每个辅助缸都具有200磅的提升力,则外科医生需要施加在主活塞缸上的压力量为20磅,或为该提升力的十分之一,这与预定的机械优点是一致的。
通常情况下,如果外科医生的病人受到麻醉而处在部分混乱的解剖学麻醉松懈状态下,则植入物扩张而施加在椎骨端板上的力可能需要达到30磅。在这种情况下,外科医生将仅需要将3磅的压力施加在杠杆158上。当然,也可使用不同于10∶1的力比以便优化牵引力,同时使注射压力最小化。
在压力施加过程中,通过通常的外科手术原则、通过视觉检查点且通过安全仪表对该过程进行引导,所述安全仪表示出了与植入物扩张过程直接相关地被施加的扩张量。该仪表示出了辅助活塞的高度且因此示出了选择性扩张式椎间融合器的垂直扩张和角度扩张。这转化为澄清横向扩张百分比的能力。即,如果外科医生选择形成一定角度,则他会使右边的辅助缸扩张例如14mm并使左边的辅助缸扩张12mm。
主缸154优选包括透明塑料以便使得能够以视觉可见的方式表示出其中的液压流体的高度,或包括半透明的塑料注射器以便有利于准确测量辅助缸植入物中的用于使活塞扩张的注射量。用于设置仪表高度的旋钮159被设置在每个缸中。被附接到旋钮上的指示器记录相对于充注线、泄放线或最大高度线的缸高度。主缸和辅助缸中充注有液压流体。通过已公知的方式对缸进行泄放而去除空气。旋钮指示器被指示到泄放线上。一系列增量标记被设置在泄放线与最大高度线之间,以便向外科医生表明辅助缸响应于外科医生对主缸的控制性输入而达到的精确高度。
应该意识到:主动液压系统与辅助液压系统的相互作用可具有多种等效的变型。例如,主缸154的主缸功能也可由一个或多个注射器来提供。每个注射器用作主缸并通过薄液压管线与相应的辅助缸独立地相联,从而实现独立启动,正如前面描述地那样。用作主缸的单个注射器也可与一个或多个辅助缸选择性地相联以便独立启动辅助缸。正如众所周知地那样,沿注射器的长度会设置一系列的分级标示,对这些分级标示进行校准,从而使得外科医生能够将植入物中相应的辅助缸处的选定活塞置于精确的高度处。
如前所述,SEC植入物还使椎间空间从10mm垂直地扩张至16mm或更大的尺寸。此外,通过改变主缸内部的活塞直径,被施加进入辅助缸内的力可增加许多倍,从而形成主要的力差。前面的特征使得外科医生能够获得这样一种脊柱矫正系统,该系统可根据所需要的变化对畸形进行矫正,从而产生正常的序列。
参见图9A,应该意识到:液压控制管线148和骨移植物供应管线152具有最小的尺寸且被设置在极窄的插入工具180(图9A和图9B)内部。插入工具180小到足以从后部将选择性扩张式椎间融合器100插入狭窄的插入开口内,而不会导致使病人出现严重外伤的风险。图9B示出了插入工具180(为清晰起见进行了简化)的放大视图。插入工具180包括柄182和用于罩住液压控制管线和骨移植物供应管线(为清晰起见图中并未示出)的中空内部。该液压控制管线和骨移植物供应管线通过该插入工具的近端被连接至主缸。该工具的远端或插入端保持着选择性扩张式椎间融合器100。在优选模式下,插入工具的插入端被贴合地装配在选择性扩张式椎间融合器液压输入端口116中。在实施外科手术之前,液压控制管线和骨移植物供应管线被分别连接至液压输入端口122a、122b和骨移植物供应输入端口。
骨移植物供应管线和液压控制管线在选择性扩张式椎间融合器被定位之后被安全地收回。由于液压流体在运行之后可硬化就位,因此可通过在运行之后进行切割的方式释放该液压管线。
当外科医生将选择性扩张式椎间融合器锁定就位时,插入工具和液压管道被移除且可固化的聚合物保持在选择性扩张式椎间融合器辅助缸中。
根据本发明的一个方面,控制选择性扩张式椎间融合器移动的液压流体是受时间控制的可固化聚合物,该聚合物在预定时间之后产生硬化,从而将SEC插入物固定地锁定在所需扩张位置处。该液压流体优选为甲基丙烯酸甲酯或具有受时间控制的固化速率的其它相似的廉价聚合物。受时间控制的可固化聚合物通常包括催化剂和聚合物。催化剂可具有众所周知的成分从而决定聚合物产生固化的时间。这种受时间控制的可固化聚合物在商业上可得自多家制造商,如LOCTITECorp.,Henkel-Loctite,1001 Trout Brook Crossing Rocky Hill,CT06067。
光可固化聚合物
正如所属领域技术人员易于理解地,可使用任何等效的可固化聚合物,所述聚合物具有用于传输液压力的第一可流动状态,且该状态在固化时变为第二固体状态。在第一状态下,可固化聚合物将从主缸以液压方式施加的力传递至辅助缸,从而使得通过升高辅助活塞的方式实现了矫正作用。可固化聚合物在固化时变为第二固体状态,从而将辅助活塞的矫正性高度锁定就位。这种等效的可固化聚合物是一种通过施加可见光或紫外线或借助于其它辐射源产生固化的聚合物,所述辐射源会激活该聚合物使之变为固体状态。对于另一种甲基丙烯酸甲酯液态聚合物来说,当其与粉末相结合时,只要粉末与液体进行混合,则就会变为粘性流体;该粘性流体起初是较稀的且可自由流动。逐渐地,在几分钟之后,该流体就开始变稠,一旦位于活塞内部时,其状态则会经过膏状和布丁状(puddy)而变为水泥状固体,因此将处于扩张位置处的选择性扩张式椎间融合器固定在精确的矫正量下。
这种光可固化聚合物的实例是由Hackensack,N.J的MASTER BONDInc.生产的UV10LC-12。这种聚合物的特征在于,一旦暴露于可见光源或紫外光源,就会迅速固化。根据光源的光强度,固化时间从几秒至不到一分钟不等。正如所属领域技术人员众所周知地,可设置极薄的光纤管线作为除如图所示的多条液压管线以外的附加管线以便将光线从光源直接传输至辅助缸中的聚合物,从而实现固化。
另一种可选方式是,可通过辐射源如低水平电子束辐射激活可固化的聚合物从而使其固化或启动固化。电子束有利地可穿透那些紫外光无法透过的材料且可被直接施加从而将活塞锁定在其升高位置或矫正位置处。
应该意识到:由于固化聚合物被完全限制在植入物本体内,即被限制在包括6-4钛的缸体内,因此要想使矫正植入物失效就需要施加相当大的应力量。这是特别有利的,因为被限制在钛本体内使得位于矫正位置处的植入物能够承受达到钛本体的结构性失效界限的压缩力,即能够承受处在8000牛顿直到12,000牛顿范围内的压缩力。
液压控制管线
参见图10A和图10B,液压管线200被设置以便从主缸处对选择性扩张式椎间融合器的多个辅助缸进行远程液压控制。液压管线200包括被设置在中心轴线周围的多条独立的液压管线202。每条液压管线202都使得可从主缸对独立的辅助缸进行独立启动,正如前面描述地那样。骨移植物供应管线204沿管线200的中心轴线被设置。独立的液压管线202可在插入选择性扩张式椎间融合器之前与相应的辅助缸输入端口对齐并与之相连以便为每个辅助缸提供独立的液压控制。
带螺纹的端部206可被插入选择性扩张式椎间融合器的相似的带螺纹的中心输入端口116内以便防止被拉出。
总而言之,对脊柱植入物的远程液压控制在实施后部插入的过程中是特别有利的,这是因为在与相邻的脊髓和血管神经复合体邻近的位置处没有机械联接件或工具所处的解剖学空间。本发明提供的液压控制提供了较强的机械杠杆作用且因此将力提高到以前无法实现的程度。进一步地,这种液压力的施加方向和施加大小都是可选择的。
现在可能使带孔的端板产生扩张以便支承前部脊柱。这将立即形成可靠的稳固固定,这种固定将导致功能性脊柱运动节段立即稳定,且使复杂的体间畸形在矢状平面和冠状平面中立即得到矫正。
选择性扩张式椎间融合器提供了超越现有技术的优点,该优点包括对冠状平面畸形的矫正;引入体间脊柱前凸并且对体间空间进行了早期固定,且固定的刚性要大于目前的间隔装置。这种早期稳定性会改善术后疼痛、使得无需设置包括椎弓根螺钉在内的后部植入物、并且提高了关节固定术的成功率。重要的是,选择性扩张式椎间融合器改进了神经元所可获得的空间,同时改善了脊柱前凸。传统的植入物受限于间隔器效应,这是因为如果位于植入物中和位于植入物周围的骨移植物产生融合且当其融合时,位于椎间盘位置处的被动充注物会等待最终融合的出现。通过扩张并“成形”为经过计算的从生理学上对脊柱角度进行矫正的形状,选择性扩张式椎间融合器将脊柱立即固定在其适当的无痛苦功能位置处。当被灌入的骨诱导/骨传导骨移植材料进行愈合时,病人逐渐康复且植入物逐渐变成惰性和静止态,被埋置在骨内且不再需要该植入物。
尽管已经结合目前被认为最实用也最优选的实施例对本发明进行了描述,但应该理解:本发明并不限于上面披露的实施例和可选方式,而是相反地旨在覆盖被包括在以下权利要求书的范围内的各种变型和等效布置。
例如,可设置等效的扩张表面以使扩张的选择性扩张式椎间融合器稳定地靠在骨上。使选择性扩张式椎间融合器进行三维远程受控扩张的液压流体可使用添加剂的其它成分。相似地,可通过一条或多条管线将各种类型的用于促进骨生长的生源流体材料注射至选择性扩张式椎间融合器,且可设置不同的出口孔以便施加骨移植材料从而充注椎间空间,而不会偏离本发明的范围。
进一步地,本发明可包括这样的脊柱植入物,所述脊柱植入物包括载荷或压力传感器,所述载荷或压力传感器记录由病人的椎骨端板施加在植入物的背部接合表面上的不同压力和压力密度从而产生矫正信号,这例如是通过计算机控制实现的,所述计算机控制例如是由外科医生实现的或者是由计算机控制的机构实现的从而使病人的脊柱重新对齐。本发明可进一步包括响应于传感器信号而实时且连续地进行这些调节的系统,从而使得植入物的形状会产生变化以使病人的脊柱或机构重新对齐。优选地,这种系统预想用来在植入物的安装过程中设置活塞的位置。
本发明还包括在缸中使用任何的实心或管状盘簧和压缩流体以使植入板产生一些移动从而容纳病人的脊柱移动,所述压缩流体例如为气体,所述气体例如为空气。该实施例提供了减振器的形式。
植入物本身可例如由这样的材料制成,所述材料例如为钛、64钛、或其合金、316不锈钢或321不锈钢、具有生物可降解性和生物活性的材料,如干细胞、和聚合物如半晶质高纯聚合物,所述聚合物包括两个醚基团和酮基团的重复单体,例如聚醚醚酮(polyaryetheretherketone)(PEEK)TM或特氟龙。
最后,植入物可提供两个或更多个活塞,所述活塞同时运行从而对病人的脊柱侧凸进行协同的中间/侧部调节,且对病人脊柱进行前部/后部调节以便形成自然的脊柱前凸,且相对的前部扩张大于后部扩张。
本发明的优选实施例提供了用于替换椎体的植入物。因此,代替覆盖10-20毫米椎间盘空间的时,如上所述,本发明的该实施例的植入物可扩张至约70毫米,对于移除椎骨的那些情况来说扩张两个椎间盘空间和垂直空间。这种椎体的替换是用植入物替换一个或多个椎体及其相邻的椎间盘。在出现脊柱畸形时会采用椎体替换的方式。这种畸形带来的破坏可能以外伤型损伤的形式出现,例如椎体的断裂或爆发性损伤,或者是非外伤型畸形,所述非外伤型畸形是由于椎体中的骨的肿瘤或变性造成的。
治疗通常是通过移除椎体以及相邻椎间盘的方式实现的。剩余的空间必须被牵引才能操纵脊柱使其到达其矫正取向。本发明的该实施例提供了选择性可扩张的液压植入物,所述植入物可被插入以便充注被留下的空间。该植入物可在内部和后部位置处以及中间和侧部位置处被操纵,以便实现矫正的脊柱角度且以便确保脊柱前凸并矫正脊柱侧凸。
本发明因此提供了用于重新构建脊柱的前柱的设备。该装置可从前部或后部被放置。该装置尤其被设计以便替换由于病状而被移除的一个或多个椎体或椎体节段,如上所述,所述病状可包括变性、瘤、外伤或传染性病原。对于从前部或后部或侧部将植入物插入至脊柱或相邻接近组织的情况下,植入物从未扩张状态到扩张状态的扩张范围为0.1毫米至100毫米。
图11示出了位于两个椎骨1111、1112之间的适当位置处的植入物1110的侧视图。
图12是被定位在两个椎骨1111、1112之间的植入物1110的斜视图。
图13是图11和图12所示处于适当位置处的伸缩装置1110的侧视图。该装置的运行方式与上面结合用于替换椎间盘的牵引装置描述的运行方式是相似的。
图14是伸缩装置1110的透视图。
图15是脊柱的后视图,所述脊柱包括椎骨1111和1112以及被置于其间的植入物1110。
图16是上面结合图11-图15所讨论的植入物1110的透视图。图16也示出了被设置就位的具有液压管线1120的安装工具。安装工具仅用在安装装置时。该装置在替换椎间盘之前被安装和调节,其安装和调节所根据的是上面结合植入物描述的技术。目前优选的典型发明包括具有活塞的两个缸,在本实施例中,所述活塞包括三个渐进级,所述渐进级提供了70毫米的总扩张高度和25毫米的闭合高度。在图16中,第一级1121包括约15毫米、第二级1122包括约15毫米且第三级1123包括约15毫米。底部份额1124包括约20毫米的高度,且上部部分1125包括约5毫米的高度。所属领域技术人员将意识到:这些高度中的每个高度都可根据本发明的应用场合而产生变化。进一步地,尽管图中示出了两缸布置中的三级渐进式活塞,但也可使用单个缸。进一步地,所使用的级可多于三个或少于三个。本发明的装置具有55毫米的宽度和约45毫米的深度。如图所示的上部构件1125具有弯曲构型。在底部1124和上部构件1125上设置了表面纹理以便确保其与需要设置该装置的椎骨的端部实现良好的抓握。活塞的调节使得当装置扩张时,为该装置提供了适当的取向。
因此,所属领域技术人员应该理解:所有这种等效过程、布置和变型旨在被包括在以下权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (13)

1、一种用于在椎体之间提供支承的设备,所述设备包括:
a.底部,所述底部包括施加压力的第一骨接合表面;
b.与所述底部协同作用的多个可延伸构件,且每个可延伸构件都具有多个相互配合的级;
c.被联接至所述可延伸构件的端板,所述端板具有施加压力的第二矫正性骨接合表面。
2、根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述可延伸构件适于在液压作用下延伸。
3、根据权利要求1所述的设备,包括多个可延伸构件,所述多个可延伸构件具有与所述底部协同作用的多个相互配合的级。
4、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述多个可延伸构件适于独立地延伸。
5、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述多个相互配合的级以伸缩方式相互配合。
6、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述多个可延伸构件具有多个相互配合的级。
7、根据权利要求3所述的设备,其中所述多个可延伸构件中的至少一个可延伸构件具有至少三个相互配合的级。
8、根据权利要求1所述的设备,包括至少一个压力传感器以便检测在安装了所述设备之后由于脊柱移动而施加到所述设备上的压力。
9、根据权利要求8所述的设备,包括至少两个传感器以便检测由于脊柱移动而施加到所述设备上的压力。
10、根据权利要求8所述的设备,包括至少一个驱动构件,所述驱动构件被构造以便响应于由所述传感器感测到的压力而调节所述延伸构件中的至少一个延伸构件的位置。
11、根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中所述至少一个驱动构件处于计算机控制下以便操纵该驱动器实现响应性的矫正性植入物形状变化,这种变化使病人的脊柱响应于由所述传感器感测到的压力而重新对齐。
12、根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中所述驱动构件在计算机控制下响应于预先选择的规范和由所述传感器感测到的压力而调节所述可延伸构件的位置。
13、根据权利要求1所述的设备,所述设备被构造以便被插置在病人的相对的上部椎骨端板与下部椎骨端板之间从而重新构建病人的脊柱。
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