CN101558686B - Luminaire control system and method - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
- H05B45/22—Controlling the colour of the light using optical feedback
Abstract
The present invention provides a system and method for controlling one or more light-emitting elements which are driven by forward currents to generate mixed light for use, for example, through a luminaire. The system has one or more light sensors for acquiring feedback optical sensor data and a user interface for providing reference data representative of a desired mixed light. The system also has a controller for transforming either the sensor data or the reference data into the coordinate space of the other and to determine a difference between the sensor and the reference data in that coordinate space. The controller is configured to adjust the forward currents during operating conditions so that the sensor data matches the setpoint data. The present invention also provides a system and method that can at least partially compensate certain temperature induced effects when transforming the optical sensor or the reference data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lighting field and more specifically relate to the light emitted color of light source and strength control.
Background technology
Such as the exploitation of the luminous flux of the luminaire of solid semiconductor and Organic Light Emitting Diode (LED) and the progress in improving made that these equipment are suitable for using in common illumination is used, these application comprise building, amusement and highway lighting.Light emitting diode is becoming step by step and is having competitiveness with light source such as incandescent lamp, fluorescent light and high-intensity discharge lamp.
One of them challenge of solid state lighting is that design can arrange and keep by multicolour, for example the mixing light intensity launched of blue and yellow or red, green and blue led and system and/or the method for colourity.This can become challenge when the light of LED emission can change according to the condition of work that is different from the electric current that offers LED.Traditionally, can proofread and correct this dependent system applies based on the bulk of optical feedback by signal that one or more optical sensor provides.These sensors can detect a radiative part and can be used to determine colourity and the intensity of detected light.In turn, correspondingly can use the drive current of regulating LED about the information of described colourity and intensity.But, must solve a large amount of influences so that can produce effective feedback control.For example, at first, for actual purpose, the spectral response of human eye is not enough critically simulated in the spectral response of the rgb color sensor that known cost is calculated.Secondly, the spectral power distribution of LED (SPD) can change with the LED working temperature.
For example, Fig. 1 illustrates together by CIE match colors function
The normalization spectral response of the standard human viewer of expression and typical case are in the response of commercially available rgb color sensor.Clearly visible sensor characteristics and the feature of match-on criterion human viewer inexactly.Frequency spectrum mismatch, even less than illustrated frequency spectrum mismatch can produce the light effect of not expecting in the system based on the multi-color LED of FEEDBACK CONTROL.
As knowing in the art, the mean value of the SPD that the SPD that describes by Ф (λ) can be by determining to utilize the weighting of corresponding match colors function is transformed into corresponding CIE tristimulus value(s).Can represent this conversion at the following equation that is used for above-mentioned CIE match colors function:
With
Like this, the tristimulus value(s) of determining according to the signal that has not enough the accurate rgb color sensor of response and provide can not provide the actual useful indication of CIE tristimulus value(s).As known, can use each autoexcitation in the definite color space separately of other match colors functions.
Disclose a kind of for according to the ad hoc fashion following feedback with reference to both method and system of RGB LED control light fixture of tristimulus value(s) such as the known solution of No. 6507159 United States Patent (USP) example.According to the feedback tristimulus value(s) with reference to the forward current of relatively regulating the driving LED light fixture between the tristimulus value(s), up to relatively between two excitation values, not creating a difference.Described tristimulus value(s) is used certain filtered sensor combination and determines.But, even under the controlled laboratory condition of temperature, matched filter and sensor also are complicated accurately to produce CIE match colors function.So, useful filtered sensor combination is expensive, as GP.Eppeldauer at " A Reference TristimulusColorimeter ", Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of the InternationalColor Association of the Optical Engineering Society, SPIE 4421, the 749-752 pages or leaves (2002), Bellingham, WA discusses among the USA.And, only from intensity, do not isolate colourity (being color) based on the FEEDBACK CONTROL of CIE tristimulus value(s), so aspect the colour fluctuation may not be effective suppressing a large amount of not expecting.
B.T.Barnes at " A Four-Filter Photoelectric Colorimeter; " Journal of the Optical Society of America 29, (10), 448-452 page or leaf, (1939) described in, how according to wavelength coverage with the match colors function
Be separated into
With
And how this simplifies the spectral response requirement for the RGB sensor.The Barnes definition:
Wherein l and s represent long and short wavelength zone.For the situation different with the laboratory quality tool, common practice in the prior art is to use blue electric-wave filter-detecting device that the suitable scaled version of response is represented
With
Spectral response.But this method does not solve the effect that how to alleviate the RGB sensor spectral response mismatch of not expecting during operation usually.
B.A.Wandell and J.E.Farrell are at " Water into Wine:ConvertingScanner RGB to Tristimulus XYZ " Device-Independent Color Imaging andImaging Systems Integration, Proc.SPIE 1909, the 92-101 page or leaf has described how can convert the RGB sensing data to the XYZ tristimulus value(s) according to the predetermined transformation matrix of least square solution scheme during calibration steps by using in (1993).Described calibration steps uses from the data of desirable CIE match colors sensor and from the measurement of one group of SPD of each sensor and obtains calibration data from imperfect RGB sensor.But Wandell does not instruct and uses the least square with real-time feedback device to solve scheme, perhaps is applied to light source control.Described conversion only is applied to the rgb color sensing data of the measurement of each pixel of image.
G.D.Finlayson and M.S.Drew at " Constrained Least-SquaresRegression in Color Spaces; " Journal of Electronic Imaging 6, (4), the 484-493 page or leaf has been described the method for the solution that suffers same restrictions that people such as being similar to above Wandell proposes in (1997).
But Fig. 2 illustrates the example of RGB led module light emitted SPD under two different operating temperature identical quiescent operation condition.Ambient temperature is once at 25 degrees centigrade with once at 70 degrees centigrade.Further for the different operating Temperature Influence, the different LED drive current in different color LED can cause the power consumption of different brackets and therefore cause different LED junction temperatures.When the SPD in different peak wavelength displacements relatively during with the different SPD that differently widens this situation can occur, and thereby can make the colourity of mixed light change in nonlinear mode according to drive current and the working temperature of each LED.In addition, the thermal coupling between the different color LED can produce interdependent property between the LED junction temperature.Therefore, the Grassman color law of addition of knowing can not provide the mixed light color, and accurate describe do not considered heating certainly and intersecting any optical sensor that adds thermal effect and be employed the light that detection produces of LED simultaneously.
So the light fixture feedback control system can stand a large amount of influences, comprise that the RGB sensor with different sensitivity will provide the problem for different unique responses of the light of identical SPD.The SPD of color LED described above changes and also will change in the response of RGB sensor.So the variation of the RGB sensor signal that changes in response to SPD also will be unique.Further, the RGB sensor of approximate ideal sensor will be in response to identical SPD, provides and the ideal transducer different signal of comparing.And the response of RGB sensor can also change with its temperature.
So need a kind of luminaire control system and the method that can control light that light fixture produces effectively.
This background information be provided to disclose the applicant believes may the information relevant with the present invention.Might not mean and admit, perhaps should be interpreted as that any information before constitutes prior art of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide luminaire control system and method.According to an aspect of the present invention, provide one or more luminescence units (LEE) that a kind of control drives by forward current to produce the method for mixed light.Said method comprising the steps of: the sensing data that obtains the expression mixed light; Adjustment point (setpoint) data of expression expectation mixed light are provided; Sensing data is transformed into first data of in the coordinate of pre-color coordinate system, representing; Be transformed into second data of in the coordinate of described pre-color coordinate system, representing with adjusting point data; Compare the difference between first and second data and definite first and second data; In response to the difference between first and second data regulate described forward current so as to reduce described first data and described second data between difference.
According to another aspect of the present invention, provide one or more luminescence units (LEE) that a kind of control drives by forward current to produce the system of mixed light.Described system comprises one or more optical sensors of the sensing data that obtains the expression mixed light; The user interface of the adjustment point data of expression expectation mixed light is provided; Controller, this controller is transformed into sensing data first data of representing in the coordinate of pre-color coordinate system, described controller also will be adjusted point data and be transformed into second data of representing in the coordinate of described pre-color coordinate system, described controller also compares the difference between first and second data and definite first and second data, and described controller is further regulated described forward current in response to the difference between first and second data; Wherein said controller is arranged to the difference that reduces between described first data and described second data and is reduced to up to the absolute value of described difference and is lower than predetermined thresholding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 diagram is by CIE match colors function
The normalization spectral response of the standard human viewer of expression and typical case are in the response of commercially available one group of rgb color sensor.
Fig. 2 is shown in the example of two SPD of the RGBLED module of 25 degrees centigrade and 70 degrees centigrade environment temperature work.
Fig. 3 diagram is used for according to one embodiment of present invention based on the feedback of LEE light fixture and the architecture of control system.
Fig. 4 illustrates the example of the recurrence tessellation of rgb color space according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 illustrates the block scheme of LEE working temperature compensation method example according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 illustrates the block scheme of the processing example of white mode conversion according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 diagram is used for the block scheme of the schematic Color Range mapping processing of colourity pattern conversion according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 diagram is the block scheme of schematic universal transform method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 indicative icon is used feedback and the control system of PI control scheme according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Definition
Term " LEE " is used for definition when for example when using electric potential difference at its two ends or electric current is encouraged by it, in for example visibility region, sends the equipment of radiation in the zone of the electromagnetic spectrum of infrared and/or ultraviolet region or the zone combination.So luminescence unit can have monochrome, accurate monochrome, polychrome or broader frequency spectrum emission characteristic.The example of luminescence unit comprises that semiconductor, organism, polymer/polymeric light emitting diode, optical pumping fluorescent coating light emitting diode, optical pumping receive-crystallo-luminescence diode or other similar devices of understanding easily as those of ordinary skills.And, the term luminescence unit is used to define and sends radiation, the concrete equipment of LED wafer (die) for example, and the combination that can be used to define the concrete equipment that sends radiation and shell equally or be packaged together, described concrete equipment is placed on shell or encapsulation is inner.
As used herein, term " approximately " refer to from nominal value+/-10% change.Should be understood that this variation always is included in any set-point that provides here, no matter whether it is mentioned especially.
Unless otherwise definition, all technology used herein have identical implication with scientific terminology with the common understanding of general technical staff of the technical field of the invention.
The invention provides the feedback and the control system that are provided for the electric current of the one or more LEE of light fixture for control.Described feedback and control system can with for detection of the optical sensor of the light emitted part of LEE, be used for carrying out interactive operation with user interface and the temperature sensor system of user information exchange.Described temperature sensor system can comprise for the LEE junction temperature sensing system of monitoring LEE temperature and also comprise alternatively for the sensor temperature system that monitors the optics sensor temperature.
According to the present invention, described feedback can so be disposed with control system so that color or the intensity of light are relevant in the preset expected color space coordinates of certain signal used herein and selection.The degree of correlation can be directly linear proportional.These signals can comprise the input and output signal of system or by it being transformed to the signal of deriving in the predetermined expectation color space.These signals can comprise the signal of indication mechanism adjustment point.The desired output of the adjustment point descriptive system of system and the operating period that can change between two expectation states of triggering change by the user.Described system can be arranged to the mode of being scheduled to a large amount of typical cases and carry out described conversion.
For FEEDBACK CONTROL, for the difference of determining output and adjust between the some signal can compare this two signals.Difference typical case is considered to export and the deviation of adjusting a little.Use each difference to determine every LEE is organized the change of electric drive electric current separately then, wherein said change to drive current be reduce the instantaneous output separately of light fixture and the difference between the desired output needed.So in public color space, before they can be compared, be obtainable at the informational needs of adjusting some signal or sensor signal or be encoded in the two.So any one signal or two signals may need to be transformed in the public color space of selecting.According to the present invention, described public color space is predetermined expectation color space discussed above.Usually, controller is arranged in response to instantaneous and comparison desired output, regulates the drive current of luminescence unit.According to embodiments of the invention, regulate drive current with the difference between the adjustment point RGB data that reduce to represent the feedback RGB sensing data of instantaneous output and describe desired output, up to the absolute value of described difference less than the thresholding of being scheduled to.
According to one embodiment of present invention, can be by optical sensor at the public color space of the response definition of certain predetermined operation condition of optical sensor.Particularly, each response can be used as the reference function of coordinate system, and described coordinate system is applied to defining predetermined expectation color space.
Should be noted that the light emitted output during with sensor interaction separately of LEE that above-mentioned instantaneous output represents light fixture.Instantaneous output is with typical case's processed and characteristic of postponing to depend on feedback system afterwards.As known to, the instantaneous value typical case of the feedback signal when it is in fact processed is corresponding to output before, should before output depend on that its propagates the time that output signal spends till it is processed by feedback and control system by the feedback system part.In digital control system, owing to may be only present the sampling of the output signal of returning with negate at interval or at a time, so additional delay can occur.Delay in feedback and the control system can also be processed and occur up to these data from the data that are sampled signal because of maintenance in storer.
According to one embodiment of present invention, described feedback and control system be arranged to the RGB sensing data be transformed into the coordinate of reference data and comparison the two.According to another embodiment, described feedback and control system be arranged to reference data be transformed into the coordinate of RGB sensing data and comparison the two.According to another embodiment, described feedback and control system are arranged to the coordinate that reference and RGB sensing data is transformed into the pre-color space, and this color space is different from the color space of reference and RGB sensing data.Common described feedback and control system are arranged in response to output or are sampled signal and the comparison of adjustment point signal, the forward drive current of regulating luminescence unit is to reduce described RGB sensing data and with reference to the difference between the RGB data, till the absolute value of described difference no longer exceeds the predetermined threshold of expectation.
Control method and the dynamic perfromance of feedback and control system
According to the present invention, no matter when feed back with control system and handle input or adjust point value, or output valve, for example in order to determine output and the deviation of adjusting point, all may need to consider the information of certain condition of work and relevant system works pattern.Described system can be in the static mode of operation, be apparent that for the user input and output parameter of system does not change or described system can work in translative mode in this pattern, output parameter changes with the change of input parameter in this translative mode.Although the input and output parameter can not change, the internal system parameters of the state of descriptive system or its assembly and variable can change.Translative mode for example comprises, when the light emitted color of light fixture or intensity are transformed into the desired destination value from initial value.Therefore, feedback and control system need also to detect when being effective and treatment system state fully in translative mode.
According to the present invention, for example, digital feedback and control system can be implemented conversion in the mode of stepping iteration, revise color or colourity or the two up to the output that obtains expectation with incremental steps predetermined or that dynamically determine size at every turn.If change well afoot and receive the order that needs new conversion, described feedback and control system can be waited for finishing of initial conversion before its starts conversion newly.Replacedly, when initial conversion well afoot, described system can upgrade conversion parameter, and if desired, regulates the timing of conversion in order to can realize this conversion according to timetable predetermined or otherwise expectation.Different embodiment can be by various these diverse ways that is used in combination.
Control system can also be carried out stack conversion and can be arranged to and finish, upgrades or even interrupt one or more ongoing conversions in a predetermined manner in the mode of time multiplexing.Described control system can also be arranged to the conversion of synchronous stack time multiplexing in order to obtain the illuminating effect of expectation.Different embodiment can be arranged to different speed or frequency and carry out the stepping conversion.For example, can carry out stepping intensity with 50Hz regulates.
When feedback and control system were identified for the new drive current of LEE of light fixture, it can also verify that drive current does not exceed the maximum drive current of permission according to design and the condition of work of the total system that comprised light fixture at that time.According to one embodiment of present invention, described feedback and control system can back be calibrated drive current so that prevent from not expecting or for the harmful one or more influences of the system component that comprises light fixture from the initial value of determining.These influences can comprise since for example the intensity increase cause overheated, flicker and the color error ratio do not expected.Drive current can back be calibrated in the predetermined mode of a large amount of differences, and described mode can be different according to the specific reasons that is alleviated by demand or influence.This can comprise the deepening of one or more LEE, described LEE itself cannot or even overheated but need deepening in order to for example keep the colourity of expectation because it is overheated to prevent them to reduce the drive current of one or more other LEE.
Should be noted that to provide drive current with a large amount of different-formats that comprise for example simulation or pulse format.Pulse format can comprise the drive current of pulse-length modulation, pulse code modulation (PCM) or pulse number modulation (PNM).It should further be appreciated that the pulse scheme can modulate by frequency, amplitude or duration of pulse in order to improve time averaging drive current resolution in addition, be suppressed at flicker that the harmonic(-)mean drive current do not expect or coding and for example produce additional information in the light in response to drive current.So drive current control and calibration can be to regulate for example thing of pulse width, pulse height or the impulse density of drive current.Should be noted that different embodiment can use these or other know one or its their combination in numeral and the analogue drive current control scheme.
But described system can comprise for example square-law or logarithm deepening execution intensity-conversion in the mode of perception linearity, perhaps can use the predetermined deepening curve of the expectation of other replacements.
For stability and the response time of improving, the intensity that described feedback and control system can be arranged to according to the amplitude of drive current or feedback or sensor signal changes a large amount of internal parameter controls in a predetermined manner.Internal parameter control can be calibration factor or other known parameters of determining proportion integration differentiation (PID) difference signal separately, and described parameter can be conditioned in order to realize the dynamic perfromance of feedback and control system.For this reason, feedback can be obtained with the data that keep relevant feature work condition with control system and use these data to be used for the control of self calibration purpose and improvement.Different embodiment can store these data and participate in self calibration temperature evaluation based on predetermined scheme in nonvolatile memory, for example when in the preset range in condition of work for example or at predetermined interval or frequency when carrying out work.
Adopt the architecture based on the system of light fixture of feedback and control system
Fig. 3 diagram is according to the architecture example of the light fixture combination of employing feedback of the present invention and control system.Described light fixture comprises the one or more LEE40 for generation of light.LEE40 is electrically connected to power supply 30 via current driver 35.Power supply 30 can be based on for example AC/DC or DC/DC converter.Light fixture with a plurality of colored LEE can comprise the independent current driver for every kind of color.The forward current that independent current driver can be used to provide different at every turn is to different colored LEE40.
One or more RGB sensors 50 are provided, and this sensor can be calibrated to detect the luminous flux output of light that light fixture produces.In one embodiment, the LEE40 for every kind of color provides independent optical sensor 50.In addition, color filters can be associated with one or more optical sensors 50.Each RGB sensor 40 is electrically connected to amplifier and the signal converter 55 that the signal that detects can be converted to the electric signal of handling by control system 60.
As shown in the figure, control system 60 can control amplifier and amplification and the integral control signal of signal converter 55.Should be understood that each RGB sensor 50 can detect the photocurrent that is enough to provide stable and the quantity of the luminous flux of enough signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is provided to signal.RGB sensor 50 can be detected by them with (stray) or the surrounding environment light that suppresses to be scattered in conductively-closed.But the embodiment of replacement can be arranged to and for example detect surrounding environment light.
User interface 65 is coupled to control system 60 and is provided for obtaining from user or other opertaing devices the device of the relevant information of the luminous flux output of colour temperature, colourity and/or expectation light fixture and expectation, and described opertaing device is such as for example being other suitable equipment that 24 hours able to programme timers, theatre lighting control desk or those of ordinary skills will understand easily.The total system that comprises user interface can be configured to allow different modes to control the light that one or more light fixture is launched in a large amount of different modes.Possible system configuration can provide light that scope launches from direct modification to the ability of input information with the pre-programmed light level to the user, and described program can be by system in the time of expectation, automatically be carried out at interval etc.
The information that user interface provides is converted into the suitable electric reference signal that control system 60 is used that is used for.Control system 60 receives with the luminous flux from light fixture from optical sensor 50 in addition and exports relevant feedback data.Therefore control system 60 is identified for sending to the suitable control signal of current driver 35 in order to obtain expectation luminous flux and the colourity of light that light fixture produces.Control system 60 can be other digital information processing systems that microcontroller, microprocessor or those of ordinary skills will understand easily.
In one embodiment, as illustrating in Fig. 3, control system 60 can operationally be coupled to one or more LEE temperature sensors 45 alternatively.LEE temperature sensor 45 provides the information about the temperature of LEE40 under condition of work.About the information of LEE40 temperature can be used to peak value-centre wavelength displacement that light flux variations that compensation temperature brings out and feature LEE specified temp bring out then.
For example, by the forward voltage of measurement LEE, the resistance of the thermistor of measurement and LEE thermo-contact, or the voltage of thermopair can be determined the temperature of LEE40.Therefore, thus control system 60 can be controlled current driver 35 with the drive current of the adaptive described group of LEE40 of mode of feedforward.
Similarly, one or more temperature sensor unit 45 can provide the information of the working temperature of relevant optics RGB sensor 50.This information can be used in the change of temperature correlation of the spectral response that solves optical sensor and the corresponding effect that compensation is not expected.
In one embodiment, control system 60 is in response to the signal from RGB sensor 50 and temperature sensor 45, because only can show lower long-time stability in keeping the output of constant light flux and colourity in response to the digital feedback control system 60 of optical sensor 50.
According to embodiments of the invention, the temperature sensor unit can be other temperature sensor unit of the working temperature of forward voltage sensors system or the LEE that is used for definite light fixture.As illustrating in Fig. 3, the embodiment of control system can be arranged to and handle the signal that one or more voltage sensors unit 70 provides.The voltage sensor unit is operably connected to the LEE of light fixture in order to detect the forward voltage of LEE40.As known in the art, can handle voltage sensor signals in order to determine the junction temperature of LEE based on the instantaneous drive current of each LEE.For example, can utilize and have the band-pass filter voltage sensor signals that centre frequency equals about AC line frequency twice.Control system 60 can be alternatively constantly the sampled voltage sensor signal to measure the residue ripple current that is caused by incomplete power filter and the PWM that regulates current driver 35 and drive the duty cycle of signal in order to alleviate for the not desired effects from the luminous flux output of LEE40.The sample frequency of voltage sensor signals can be configured to the typical case greater than about 300Hz in order to minimize visual flicker.
Referring now to instantiation the present invention is described.Will be appreciated that following example intention is used for describing embodiments of the invention and not having intention and limit the present invention by any way.
Example
Example 1
In first example, described control system can be arranged to and read RGB sensing data [R G B] and use predetermined conversion so that light emitted CIE tristimulus value(s) X, the Y of derivation LEE and the approximate value of Z.This can be by for example utilizing the linear algebra relation
Control system is programmed to carry out, wherein use 3 * 3 transformation matrixs
N
TBe transposition and N
+It is the pseudoinverse of N.M is desirable tristimulus value(s) M
IjN * 3 matrixes and N be corresponding n * 3 matrixes for the rgb color sensing data of the identity set of n SPD.M and N can be determined during calibration steps, described step use n SPD and utilize the rgb color sensor characterize they with determine N and, for example, utilize the spectrometer of accurately calibrating to determine M.Next can be for example by making error function
Minimize by least square solution scheme and determine T.This method can provide the mode of the average RMS error that alleviates the tristimulus space between the ideal transducer data of the RGB sensing data of training the measurement of gathering for SPD and measurement.Should be noted that T that use obtains is the approximate value of linear interpolation from [the X Y Z] that [the R G B] of SPD obtains during calibration process.
As knowing in the art
And
Wherein represent intensity by CIE tristimulus value(s) Y.In one embodiment, controller is utilized different predetermined matrices T
XyYBe configured to directly utilize chromaticity coordinate x, y and intensity Y convert [R G B] value to coordinate space [x y Y], in this example
Should be noted that every group of rgb value is associated with specific colourity and intensity.Therefore for actual purpose, if the gain of RGB sensor is calibrated fully linearly for intensity, then can realize the change expected in the intensity by control system by sufficiently calibrating all rgb values.
In addition, can use the error function except the error function of equation 5, for example, the summation of absolute difference.Further, in error function, different weights can be endowed in order to obtain the control effect of different expectations to each value in [X Y Z] and/or [R G B] matrix.
Minimization process can be used the coordinate space except [X Y Z].Should be noted that, CIE1931 chromaticity coordinate x and y be perception nonlinear and, if color feedback system control light source, can be advantageously with meaning linearization x and the y of certain perception.For example, aberration color specification system (UCS:Uniform Chromaticity Scale) color space coordinates such as CIE1976 provides linearizing this form and by (CIE 2004) following providing
With
So can use coordinate [u ' v ' Y] in an embodiment of the present invention.Should be noted that the perception such as CIELAB that also might be transformed into other unifies color space, its vacuum metrics is the color difference
Requirement may need the more nonlinear transformation of the tristimulus value(s) of complex process like this.
The advantage of using xyY or u ' v ' Y coordinate to be used for the color FEEDBACK CONTROL is that color and intensity are shown by the independent face of land.So can not need by calibration Y the additional calculations of xy or u ' v ' is realized the change expected in the intensity.Be separated in fact and can independently change and not have basically the interactional color that is not coupled and intensive parameter, can help to reduce the colourity of the not expecting drift that during digital processing, is caused by the Floating-point Computation quantization error.
Example 2
In another embodiment, can advantageously directly use the undressed RGB sensing data operation control system of feedback with regard to counting yield.In such an embodiment, control system no longer must be at conversion RGB sensing data when these data are fed.On the contrary, the input data of user's appointment are become the RGB sensor coordinates from the coordinate transform such as for example XYZ tristimulus or xyY colourity and intensity, so that control system is relatively adjusted a little and the rgb color feedback data.In such an embodiment, conversion needs only to take place when the user specifies the input data to change.Described control system is operated the colourity and the intensity that arrange and keep expecting in the RGB sensor coordinates in the present embodiment.
Conversion T for predetermined, can determine the target rgb value from following equation:
Should be noted that the conversion T that uses can as above be determined in equation 11.Replacedly, can directly determine T in mode same as described above the rgb value in utilizing the error function separately that in the XYZ color space coordinates, defines rather than the rgb color space coordinate that in equation 5, uses
-1
If 0≤R
T≤ R
Max, 0≤G
T≤ G
MaxAnd 0≤B
T≤ B
Max, and R wherein
Max, G
MaxAnd B
MaxBe that maximum when LEE each rgb color sensor output during with full power operation can reach value, the user specifies XYZ or other so, and for example, the xyY value is positioned at color and the intensity gamut of LEE.If do not satisfy any of these condition, LEE can not obtain color and/or the intensity of appointment so.
Example 3
Described controller is arranged to each data in one or more predetermined RGB sensing datas is transformed into predetermined separately expectation color space in the present embodiment, the for example XYZ data training of the remaining RGB sensing data of conversion set as mentioned above simultaneously is even the average least squares error of remaining data is increased.Can use this embodiment to guarantee that control system can carry out the calibration process that keeps white light RGB sensing data.
The additional constraint of calibration steps can be represented as M
w=N
wT, wherein N
wBe the RGB sensing data of predetermined " white " SPD, and M
wIt is corresponding XYZ tristimulus value(s).Described transformation matrix can be determined by following equation:
T wherein
jBe the j row of T, M
jBe the j row of M, and M
w=[1 1 1].
Utilize the CIE1976 UCS color space coordinates u ' be conducive to CIE tristimulus value(s) XYZ and v ' and intensity Y to dispose described controller in one embodiment.
Example 4
In one embodiment of the invention, the form of least squares approach can be used to carry out conversion between hue coordinate system.Least square and affined least square solution scheme all are the linear affined transformations between RGB coordinate and XYZ tristimulus coordinate.Thereby this non-linear enough little maximum error of impliedly supposing led driver and rgb color sensor is as follows:
And be acceptable little for the RGB sensing data of all actual purpose and present embodiment.
If Δ E for example
MaxExceed predetermined thresholding, the Color Range of the RGB LEE in the rgb color space coordinate can be segmented so.Sampled point quantity by increase being used for interpolation and the sampling grating of using more accurate color space can make this segmentation of easy implementation.For example, as illustrating in Fig. 4, this can be caught easy implementation.Fig. 4 illustrates the example of the recurrence tessellation of rgb color space.Can use the respective objects coordinate on the top of each triangle t then, for example u ' v ' and u ' v ' Y are transformation matrix Tt of each triangle t calculating.The one group of rgb color space coordinate that is positioned at the LEE gamut can be fit to be positioned at a specific triangles then and be used then for this leg-of-mutton transformation matrix T
tCarry out conversion.
As definite transformation matrix { T
tThe time consider that an aspect is adjacent a pair of these matrixes and with the top data is transformed into identical coordinates of targets and does not consider that in two matrixes which is used in the conversion of RGB vector along common edge.By using suitable boundary conditions in error function, this can be caught easily when determining the least square solution of triangular mesh.
For example, if the RGB vector of given measurement must determine which triangle it occupies and therefore should use which transformation matrix.The method example comprises following:
N=2 wherein
s, s is the grade that recurrence is divided, and M has target three-dimensional array under the triangle of storage.Approximately 3/4ths of array element will be invalid, because they can not be passed through the xyz index.Save storer if desired, M can use known computational science technology to be stored as sparse array, perhaps uses decision tree to realize described array able to programmely.Also described recurrence triangle solution in No. 7140752 United States Patent (USP), wherein the multivariate function of the lineoid of the definition constant luminous intensity of expression and colourity are represented by piecewise linear function rather than radial basis function.
Example 5
Control system can make up with temperature compensation alternatively in the above-described embodiments.As described, the channel gain of the SPD of LEE and rgb color sensor can show significant temperature dependency.Therefore, the rgb color sensing data can depend on the working temperature of LEE and the working temperature that might depend on the RGB sensor, is wherein identifying these dependences among one or more transformation matrix T as defined above.
In one embodiment the temperature dependency of SPD and RGB channel gain can be on the gamut of its working temperature by interpolation linearly and can use for the transformation matrix of predetermined one or more low working temperatures and other one or more transformation matrixs of being used for predetermined one or more elevated operating temperatures and dispose described control system.In one or more temperature of measuring, the RGB sensing data is transformed into the problem that is transformed the RGB sensing data that u ' v ' Y for example or xyY are the high and low temperature conversion of linear interpolation then.Feedback system can be equipped with the device of the temperature that is used for acquisition LEE and/or RGB sensor in the present embodiment.For the working temperature between these ultimate values, can use two matrixes to determine two groups of color feedback system parameters, and the parameter of expectation can be used between these values of each color channel by interpolation linearly.
In another embodiment, described control system can be arranged to piecewise linear interpolation in each interval of one group of predetermined continuous working temperature interval.Described working temperature can cover the scope of the whole expectation of working temperature at interval.But this only can help to suppress to use the generation of the luminous illusion of perception that an interval causes by linear interpolation on the gamut of working temperature.
Fig. 5 illustrates the block scheme of LEE working temperature compensation method example according to an embodiment of the invention.In first step, for example based on the signal from temperature sensor or forward voltage sensors acquisition, determine the LEE working temperature.Should be noted that for digital processing and can convert described sensor signal to digital format from analog format.Can determine LEE working temperature based on the LEE light fixture with respective numbers sensor of RGB according to following form.Implication
For white light, can calculate other temperature correction factors.This correction factor can be made of the temperature correction at last two points of black body locus (black body locus).These constants can be changed on described track then linearly in the mirek input based on current goal CCT.The realization example of this calculating illustrates in following form.Implication
Be generally the above-mentioned correction factor that is used for white light that given CCT or mirek value are calculated, can be applied to according to one embodiment of present invention then, use the formula in the following form to calculate suitable luminescence unit temperature correction.Implication
As being apparent that for those of ordinary skills, can realize similar calculating for colorama.
Similarly, can adopt the temperature compensation of sensor signal in an embodiment of the present invention.Signal can obtain from a large amount of different temperatures sensors, wherein can use A/D converter that described signal is carried out analog to digital conversion.Following form provides according to one embodiment of present invention, uses by a realization of the sensor signal of temperature correction.Implication
In another embodiment of the present invention, can be based on adjusting some S
(R, G, B)Rather than actual instantaneous sensor signal be similar to the temperature compensation of sensor signal, and in the present embodiment, sensor temperature is proofreaied and correct can be by as giving a definition:
In the present embodiment, because it is based on adjusting point rather than momentary signal, so can upgrade P more quickly
TC (R, G, B)Constant.
Example 6
As everyone knows, human eye is non-linear for the susceptibility that light intensity changes.In other words, the relative change in the intensity can not be perceived as relative change identical in the brightness.Rea, M., Ed.2000 is at " The IESNA Lighting Handbook ", Ninth Edition.NewYork, NY:Illuinating Engineering Society of North America has described in p.27-4 and how to have used the square-law deepening to come approximately linear brightness deepening.Just as is known, can by normalization and then a square desired intensity realize appreciable linear deepening.In order to utilize the multicolour light source such as for example realizing appreciable linear deepening based on the light fixture of RGB LED, must at first determine the initial ratio of colouring intensity and during deepening, keep these ratios then in order to also can keep identical colourity in the new intensity of expectation.Described control system can be arranged to and use the deepening of following program square-law in one embodiment:
Example 7
Such as for example CIE1931 colourity, satisfy Grassman color law of addition in any linear color space of CIE1976 UCS or the specific RGB of light fixture etc. as known.In order to specify conversion gradually smoothly between the color two users, be exactly enough so specify the straight linear interpolation colourity between the color along two.But this may need floating point instruction and the performance of the control system that may slow down when it is implemented in microcontroller or similar disposal system.So, for the real-time diminuendo between initial and expectation target color and intensity, using the differential digital analytical algorithm is useful along straight-line interpolation, described algorithm for example Ashdown at " Radiosity:A Programmer ' s Perspective ", New York, NY:JohnWiley﹠amp; Sons, pp.200-202, the algorithm of describing in (1994).
Example 8
In another embodiment of the application that for example is suitable for needs generation white light, can utilize one group of continuous described control system of piecewise linearity arranged spaced of black body locus, described track covers the scope of the expectation of colour temperature.Then by specify along two users between the CT the piecewise linearity black body locus linearly interpolation colourity carry out and to specify white light diminuendo level and smooth between the colour temperature (CT) two users.In one embodiment, along the CT of black body locus at interval in reciprocal (reciprocal) colour temperature by equably at interval.The typical flat of Shi Yonging is 10 in the art
-6K
-1, be also referred to as mired (microreciprocal) Kelvin or mirek unit.Linear interpolation in CIE 1976 UCS color spaces is equivalent to approx in the linear interpolation in the CT space and described system and can be calibrated to use actual relevant resolution, for example resolution that is conveniently quantized in mirek then.
Example 9
For need using following method from the application of the highlight flux basically of light fixture output:
Rt wherein, Gt and Bt are the target rgb values before being employed the intensity deepening.This algorithm can guarantee that in lacking the intensity deepening redness, green and blue led specify color to carry out work maximum basically intensity and user.
The target rgb value need be converted into as mentioned above LEE driver or equivalently, is used for the pulse width modulated duty cycle factor D of the electric current multiplier of simulation LEE driver.This can realize by following calculating:
Wherein:
Wherein when red, green and blue LEE carried out work with full strength, each matrix element was corresponding to the corresponding RGB sensor values that produces.
According to one embodiment of present invention, because working temperature, the input intensity calibration may be because two different former thereby be required.Usually, described intensity will be restricted to one lower in two limit of acquisition.First intensity calibration produces from the LEE working temperature of restriction.According to an embodiment, when the LEE temperature exceeds predetermined maximum LEE working temperature, for example about 90 degrees centigrade the time, but the maximum proof strength is back calibrated by (temperature de-rating) form that descends according to predetermined temperature rating.Below provide a form examples.This will guarantee that the LEE temperature does not exceed maximum LEE temperature and adjusts point regardless of colourity or intensity.Should be noted that for actual purpose LEE junction temperature and cannot exceed the temperature inferred near the dedicated temperature sensor of placement greater than the amplitude of certain offset temperatures, for example about 10 degrees centigrade.So temperature rating decline form can be restricted to about 80 degrees centigrade.But the junction temperature of LEE can directly infer that from its forward voltage described voltage can be so that need not consider temperature drift in the configuration of feedback control system.
In the embodiment of PWM control, the second intensity calibration algorithm can reach the constant colourity of assurance under its peaked situation at one of PWM channel.In one embodiment, but the maximum proof strength of when the PWM level reaches first threshold value, successively decreasing.And if when maximum PWM value drops to described maximum intensity will increase progressively when being lower than second threshold value.
Usually, as mentioned above, but system with the typical case use in above-mentioned two proof strength values than small intensity.Following form is summarized according to an embodiment of the invention intensity ratings decline example and is provided thresholding and the scaled values example.
Example 10
As mentioned above, operate various data and parameter by feedback and control system.Fig. 6,7 and 8 provides the further details of relevant data-switching of the present invention, expression and conversion embodiment aspect.The schematic example embodiment of institute's using method comprises three kinds of data of different types, comprises local parameter, lasting attribute and global variable.Local parameter is illustrated as solid arrow and is illustrated in and transmits the function call parameter that is used for unique purposes in the given function.Lasting attribute is illustrated as dotted arrow, and is managed and be kept in the nonvolatile memory by independent control and management firmware module.Global variable is illustrated as the black matrix arrow and is included in the temporary variable of the global scope that needs on each firmware module.These embodiment can realize in firmware.
Fig. 6 diagram is as the block scheme of the processing example of the white mode conversion of a method part that is applied to producing white light.Described method comprises that CCT (correlated colour temperature) scope reduces to handle and the CCT interpolation is handled.These processing can be used to the input CCT or the colourity mapping that exceed the light fixture gamut are got back on corresponding obtainable CCT and the colourity.
The CCT scope reduces to handle the requested CCT of assurance and is positioned at the scope that light fixture can be supported.Described data can be calibrated and be implemented as described at following form with mirek.Implication
According to an embodiment, use the CCT interpolation to handle to import the CCT value to be mapped to adjustment point value for one or more optical sensors.Therefore handling for each color channel operates in the interpolation of summarizing in the following form, for example be that the light fixture based on RGB moves three times, with the sensor of interest signal in the calculating target color space.Implication
Fig. 7 diagram is handled the block scheme of example as the Color Range mapping of the colourity pattern conversion that is applied in a method part that produces expectation colourity colorama in the expectation color space.The conversion of colourity pattern is similar to illustrated CCT conversion in Fig. 6.Usable range mapping is handled and is shone upon/reduce on the input colourity of light fixture scope outside is got back to approximate colourity in this scope.Diagram is used the embodiment of u ' v ' chromaticity coordinate in following form.Implication
Illustrated color interpose module is used to the export target color point in Fig. 7, RtGtBt for example, and in one embodiment, can be as described in following form, being implemented.Implication
The block scheme of the universal transform method example that Fig. 8 illustrates as uses in above-mentioned color and white mode conversion method.Following form provides the realization example of each submodule of universal transform method.
Can described at following form, carry out and realize intensity-conversion.Implication
Can described at following form, carry out and realize chroma conversion.Implication
Can carry out and realize R described in the following following form
tG
tB
tCalibration.Implication
Example 11
In Fig. 9 indicative icon the feedback of employing proportional integral (PI) FEEDBACK CONTROL scheme and the example embodiment of control system.The equation that use provides in following form can be realized described example.As shown in the figure, embodiment is not from adjusting difference signal derivation derivative (D) signal between point and the instantaneous output.Will easily understand P, the I or the combination of D control element that there are a plurality of replacements.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is example and can changes it in many ways.These current or following modification should not be considered to deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills significantly all such modifications be included in the scope of claims subsequently by intention.
Claims (22)
1. one or more luminescence units (LEE) of being driven by forward current of a control said method comprising the steps of to produce the method for mixed light:
A) obtain the sensing data of representing mixed light by optical sensor;
B) provide expression to expect the adjustment point data of mixed light;
C) sensing data is transformed into first data of in the coordinate of pre-color coordinate system, representing;
D) will adjust point data and be transformed into second data of in the coordinate of described pre-color coordinate system, representing;
E) difference between comparison first and second data and definite first and second data;
F) regulate described forward current in response to the difference between first and second data so as to reduce described first data and described second data between difference; And
Repeating step is a) to f) up to the absolute value of described difference be reduced to be lower than predetermined thresholding till;
Wherein said method also comprises the step of the temperature of obtaining described optical sensor, with the change of the temperature correlation of the spectral response that solves optical sensor and the corresponding effect that compensation is not expected.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein predetermined hue coordinate system is corresponding to ICE xyY system of chromatic coordinates.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein predetermined hue coordinate system is corresponding to CIE u ' v ' Y system of chromatic coordinates.
4. method according to claim 1, wherein provide described sensing data by one or more optical sensors, each sensor is provided at the response of the predetermined operation condition of respective sensor, the reference function that the described predetermined hue coordinate of each response definition is.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein said sensing data comprises the average weighted information of representing one or more response functions.
6. method according to claim 1 wherein provides described adjustment point data via user interface.
7. method according to claim 1, wherein the linear change of light intensity when in predetermined hue coordinate system, being expressed corresponding to the Strength Changes of light emitted substantial linear perception.
8. method according to claim 1, wherein the sensor by predetermined quantity provides sensing data and the predetermined quantity quantity corresponding to the different nominal colors of one or more LEE.
9. method according to claim 8, the predetermined quantity of wherein said sensor is corresponding to the quantity of forward current.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein the transformative transducer data comprise and carry out first linear transformation.
11. method according to claim 1, wherein conversion adjustment point data comprises execution second linear transformation.
12. according to one of any described method of claim 1-11, be used for using in feedback control system.
13. one or more luminescence units (LEE) that a control is driven by forward current are to produce the system of mixed light, described system comprises:
A) obtain one or more optical sensors of sensing data of expression mixed light;
B) provide expression to expect the user interface of the adjustment point data of mixed light;
C) controller, described controller is transformed into sensing data first data of representing in the coordinate of pre-color coordinate system, described controller also will be adjusted point data and be transformed into second data of representing in the coordinate of described pre-color coordinate system, described controller also compares the difference between first and second data and definite first and second data, and described controller is further regulated described forward current in response to the difference between first and second data;
Wherein said controller be arranged to the difference that reduces between described first data and described second data up to the absolute value of described difference be reduced to be lower than predetermined thresholding till;
Wherein said system also comprises one or more temperature sensors, is used for obtaining the temperature of described optical sensor, with the change of the temperature correlation of the spectral response that solves optical sensor and the corresponding effect that compensation is not expected.
14. system according to claim 13, wherein predetermined hue coordinate system is corresponding to ICE xyY system of chromatic coordinates.
15. system according to claim 13, wherein predetermined hue coordinate system is corresponding to CIE u ' v ' Y system of chromatic coordinates.
16. system according to claim 13, each sensor in wherein said one or more optical sensors is provided at the response of predetermined operation condition, and a reference function of the described predetermined hue coordinate of each response definition system.
17. system according to claim 13, wherein said sensing data comprises the average weighted information of representing one or more response functions.
18. system according to claim 13, wherein the linear change of light intensity when in predetermined hue coordinate system, being expressed corresponding to the Strength Changes of light emitted substantial linear perception.
19. system according to claim 13, wherein the sensor of sensing data by predetermined quantity be provided and described predetermined quantity corresponding to the quantity of the different nominal colors of one or more LEE.
20. system according to claim 13, the predetermined quantity of wherein said sensor is corresponding to the quantity of forward current.
21. system according to claim 13, wherein the transformative transducer data comprise execution first linear transformation.
22. system according to claim 13, wherein conversion adjustment point data comprises execution second linear transformation.
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| JP6300129B2 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2018-03-28 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Light source device and projector |
| US10045427B2 (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2018-08-07 | Philips Lighting Holding B.V. | System and method of autonomous restore point creation and restoration for luminaire controllers |
| KR102271161B1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2021-07-05 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | Light emitting module and lighting apparatus having thereof |
| EP3300653B1 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-07-03 | Smart Eye AB | Head/eye tracking with light source preheating |
| CN106993356B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2019-09-24 | 欧普照明股份有限公司 | Photochromic method of adjustment, device, dimming driving circuit and lighting system |
| CN110285949B (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2020-11-20 | 杭州罗莱迪思科技股份有限公司 | LED color coordinate testing method |
| CN112449460A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-05 | 一飞(海南)科技有限公司 | RGBW four-color LED light calibration method |
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| US6552495B1 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-04-22 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Adaptive control system and method with spatial uniform color metric for RGB LED based white light illumination |
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