CN101542928A - 分布式天线通信系统及其实现方法 - Google Patents

分布式天线通信系统及其实现方法 Download PDF

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CN101542928A
CN101542928A CNA2007800392843A CN200780039284A CN101542928A CN 101542928 A CN101542928 A CN 101542928A CN A2007800392843 A CNA2007800392843 A CN A2007800392843A CN 200780039284 A CN200780039284 A CN 200780039284A CN 101542928 A CN101542928 A CN 101542928A
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base station
signal
repeater hub
multiport repeater
communication
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CN101542928B (zh
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S·谢纳特
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Commscope Connectivity LLC
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LGC Wireless LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium

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Abstract

本发明提供了分布式天线通信系统和实现分布式天线通信系统的方法。根据本发明的实施例，分布式天线系统包括：基站，被配置用于与电信网络通信；多端口中继器集线器，被连接到基站以接收来自基站的通信信号并且分发通信信号到多端口中继器集线器的多个端口，所述多端口中继器集线器包括扫描器，所述扫描器用于扫描多个频率信道以识别从基站接收的通信信号的一个或多个信道；以及多个天线装置，分别被耦合到多端口中继器集线器的端口中的一个。

Description

分布式天线通信系统及其实现方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信领域，并且更具体来说，涉及无线通信的分布式天线系统。
背景技术
常规的分布式天线系统(DAS)提供无线通信的室内覆盖。传输功率在分布式室内安装地点的若干天线之中分配以使用比单天线系统所需要的更少的传输功率来提供大覆盖区域。典型的DAS的天线被连接到蜂窝基站并且被用于蜂窝移动通信。
DAS可以使用无源或有源组件来实现。无源DAS使用无源分路器来实现并且为了最小化基站和天线之间的信号退化，一般采用大直径同轴电缆。常规的无源DAS的安装需要包括现场勘测和由有经验的专家进行系统设立的计划阶段以确保覆盖区域和信号强度遍及整个系统是合适的。因此，实现无源DAS系统将是昂贵的。
有源DAS采用有源放大器并且在一些情形下采用将来自基站的射频(RF)信号变到用于通信至天线装置的中频(IF)的频率转换器。在天线装置处，IF信号再一次上变频至RF。这样的有源DAS实现只需要薄同轴电缆，但是性能将被提高，超过了无源DAS实现的性能。为了有源DAS能够适应由移动设备和基站所使用的各种通信信道和频率，有源组件需要处理各种频带。由于需要处理各种频带的有源组件，所以实现有源DAS系统也将是昂贵的。
因此，所需要的是改进的分布式天线系统。本发明正是针对此目的。
发明内容
本发明提供了分布式天线通信系统以及实现分布式天线通信系统的方法。根据本发明的实施例，分布式天线系统包括：基站，被配置用于与电信网络通信；多端口中继器集线器，被连接到基站以接收来自基站的通信信号并且将通信信号分发到多端口中继器集线器的多个端口，所述多端口中继器集线器包括用于扫描多个频率信道以识别从基站接收的通信信号的一个或多个信道的扫描器；以及多个天线装置，分别被耦合到多端口中继器集线器的端口中的一个。
附图说明
相应于本发明的特定示范实施例来描述本发明并且据此参考附图，在附图中：
图1示例了根据本发明实施例的分布式天线通信系统；
图2示例了根据本发明实施例的多端口中继器集线器；
图3示例了选择和设置根据本发明实施例的分布式天线系统中的频带宽度的方法；
图4示例了根据本发明实施例的天线装置；
图5示例了根据本发明的备选实施例的分布式天线通信系统。
具体实施方式
图1示例了根据本发明实施例的分布式天线通信系统100。如图1中所示，微微基站收发机子系统(也可以被称为BTS或基站)102经由回程链路106而被通信地耦合至通信网络104。在通信网络104之内，回程106被耦合到基站控制器(BSC)108，所述基站控制器又被耦合到移动交换中心(MSC)110。MSC 110被耦合到公共交换电话网(PSTN)112(例如对于运营商通信而言)并且也可以被耦合到因特网114(例如对于数据通信而言)。
BSC 108可以执行各种常规的功能，包括无线电信道分配、在基站之间的呼叫切换、配置基站102、处理警报和执行网络管理功能。MSC 110可以执行各种常规的功能，包括电路交换和将诸如呼叫振铃和漫游之类的应用和呼叫特征提供到移动用户。在实施例中，某些特征一般由BSC 108来执行并且MSC 110可以改由基站102来执行。例如，基站102可以包括本地服务器，所述本地服务器被配置具有Linux操作系统以执行这些功能。
基站102也被通信地耦合到多端口中继器集线器116，例如通过无线链路。基站102可以位于蜂窝业务供应商的现场。集线器116被通信地耦合到多个天线装置118。天线装置一起形成了一个或多个覆盖区域。典型地，集线器116和天线装置118位于室内。例如，集线器116可以位于商业建筑的公共间(utility closet)中，而天线装置118可以分布遍及该建筑以形成大体包括该建筑内占用区域的一个或多个覆盖区域。天线装置118通过链路122而被耦合到集线器116。在实施例中，链路122包括诸如CAT 5电缆和RJ-45连接器或者同轴电缆(例如，“薄”同轴)之类的通常用于商业建筑之内的计算机联网的电缆连接和连接器。同样地，集线器116和天线装置118可以安装在使用先前存在于建筑中的电缆连接的建筑中。
在覆盖区域之内的移动通信设备120(例如手机)经由天线装置118、集线器116、基站102和回程106中的一个或多个而被通信地耦合到通信网络104。
基站102可以是微微基站(pico base station)。微微基站输出低功率(即少于1瓦)、包括单个收发装置并且使用因特网协议(IP)回程连接，在因特网协议回程连接中话音信号被转换成IP分组，以用于经由回程106的通信。备选地，微微基站可以使用回程106的T1或者E1连接。
经由微微基站102的通信可以在特定通信频带的单信道之内。例如，在1900MHz频带中的CDMA通信(即1850-1910MHz上行链路和1930-1990MHz下行链路)使用1.25MHz信道用于各个上行链路和下行链路。因此，微微基站102可以操作在这些用于各个上行链路和下行链路的1.25MHz信道的单单一个信道之内。如另一个示例，基站102可以操作在850MHz频带之内的单个200kHz GSM信道中(即824-849MHz上行链路和869-894MHz下行链路)。
备选地，基站102可以是宏基站(macro base station)或者微基站(micro base station)。宏基站包括多个收发机装置、输出高功率(即10瓦或更多)并且经由包括一个或多个T1连接(在美国)或者E1连接(在欧洲)的回程106而被通信地耦合到通信网络104。类似于宏基站，微基站包括多个收发机装置并且经由回程连接而被通信地耦合到电话网络。然而，相比于宏基站的输出功率，微基站输出相对低的功率(即1-2瓦)到天线。
多个基站102可以被耦合到多端口中继器集线器116。例如，分别操作在相应的上行链路和下行链路信道中的两个或两个以上微微基站可以被通信地耦合到集线器116。多个基站102也可以被通信地耦合到基站控制器108或者耦合到一个或多个不同的基站控制器。
根据本发明的实施例，图2示例了图1的多端口中继器集线器116。集线器116包括基站端口124，所述基站端口124被配置为通信地耦合到基站102(图1)或者耦合到多个基站102，例如经由一个或多个无线链路。在集线器116之内，基站端口124被通信地耦合到信号再生器126。该信号再生器126接收来自基站端口124的下行链路通信信号并且将该信号分发到分发端口(distribution port)128。信号再生器126也可以执行信号处理功能，例如滤波和放大。从分发端口128中，信号被提供到天线装置118(图1)。在分发端口128处接收来自天线装置118的上行链路信号。信号再生器126接收来自分发端口128的上行链路通信信号并且将它们提供给基站端口124。由基站102从基站端口124中接收上行链路信号。如果集线器116接收来自不同基站的多个信号，那么这些信号可以被组合。例如，组合器可以被耦合到端口124以在信号被传递到集线器116的其它组件之前组合信号。
在实施例中，信号再生器126通过将从基站端口124中接收的射频(RF)信号转换成提供给分发端口128的中频(IF)信号而执行频率转换。在该情形下，信号再生器126也将从分发端口128中接收的IF信号转换成提供给基站端口124的RF信号。
在备选实施例中，信号再生器126将从基站端口接收的RF信号转换成随后被提供给分发端口128的基带信号。例如，RF信号可以被分成同相(I)和正交(Q)信号分量，所述同相和正交信号分量随后被数字采样并且复用，以用于在基带处传输至分发端口128。信号再生器126也可以将从分发端口128接收的基带信号(例如I和Q数字信号分量)转换成用于提供给基站端口124的RF。I和Q信号可以分别传输而不是复用I和Q信号(例如，使用CAT-5电缆内的单独导线)。
如图2所示，多端口集线器116可以包括用于执行信道扫描功能的信道扫描器130和用于控制集线器116的操作的控制器132。扫描器130在基站端口124处截取从基站102接收的信号以识别基站102操作在其中的一个或多个占线信道，或者在多个基站的情形下，各基站操作在其中的信道。扫描器130可以向集线器控制器132报告它的测量结果，而集线器控制器132随后配置信号再生器126以在一个或多个所识别的信道上操作。这可以包括对于所识别信道设置信号再生器126的滤波器的中心频率和带宽、放大器和其它信号处理元件。
在实施例中，信道识别和配置功能由集线器116自动执行(即无需用户干预)以促进分布式天线系统100的实现。图3示例了选择并设置根据本发明实施例的分布式天线系统中的频率带宽的方法134。集线器116(图2)包括合适的软件和/或硬件以执行方法134的步骤。通过自动执行信道检测，安装者不需要手动地配置集线器116。这使系统100的安装和执行更简单并且将避免特别有经验的专家来安装系统100的需要。
在步骤136中，发起信道的扫描。例如，信道的扫描可以响应于集线器116被连接到基站102而发起，或者在集线器116被通电时而发起。另外，信道的扫描可以在检测到来自基站102信号的损失时发起或者以周期的间隔而发起。
在步骤138中，扫描信道。这可以由扫描器130以不大于信道带宽的增量(例如200kHz)而扫描越过某个频率范围(例如1900MHz频带)以及测量在各测量频率处的接收的信号强度(即RSSI)来完成。在特定的信道中，基站102传输信号到集线器116，而该特定的信道可以被识别，因为它可以被期望具有相比于其它信道更大的测量接收信号强度。更具体地，所关心的频率范围可以被分成数量m个间隔，所述间隔不大于信道带宽。那么，变量n可以被初始化为值0，指示第一间隔。当变量n的值等于0时，所接收的信号强度可以被测量和记录。随后，变量n可以增加1，因而它等于1。当变量n的值等于1时，接收信号强度可以被测量和记录。该过程随后可以在各间隔重复，直到n的值等于m，m指示所关心的整个频率范围已经被扫描。
如此，一个或多个占线的下行链路信道被识别。在步骤140中，一旦一个或多个下行链路信道通过扫描而被识别，信号再生器126被配置为在这些下行链路信道上操作并且被配置为在各下行链路信道的对应上行链路信道上操作。这可以由集线器控制器132设置信号再生器126的一个或多个合适的参数来完成，所述参数用于调谐信号再生器126的频率转换和放大电路。备选地，信号再生器126可以被配置为一旦信道被识别并且同时剩余信道的扫描继续时就在特定信道上操作而不是在信号再生器126被配置之前识别所有的占线信道。
在实施例中，虽然可以识别多个上行链路和下行链路信道，基站102只在一个上行链路和一个下行链路信道中传输。在该情形下，单个上行链路和单个下行链路信道被识别并且再生器126被合适地配置。
除了设置所识别信道的中心频率之外，配置信号再生器126也可以包括设置信道带宽。在实施例中，信道带宽被固定。例如，带宽可以固定在5MHz，5MHz对容纳诸如GSM(需要200kHz信道带宽)、CDMA(需要1.25MHz信道带宽)和UMTS(需要5MHz信道带宽)之类的一般蜂窝通信协议的信道宽度来说足够宽。备选地，DAS系统100可以基于所检测的信号带宽和/或协议而设置带宽。在该情形下，扫描器130和/或集线器控制器132也可以测试所接收的信号以识别其信道的宽度，所述信道的宽度可以依赖于它操作所用的协议而不同。如果扫描器130检测到GSM信号，那么它设置带宽到200kHz；如果它检测到CDMA信号，那么它设置带宽到1.25MHz；如果它检测到UMTS信号，那么它设置带宽到1.25MHz，等等。如果集线器116接收多个相邻的或者间距小的信道，信号再生器126的带宽可以被调节以包括多个信道。例如，如果三个1.25MHz带宽的CDMA信道是相邻的，那么带宽应当至少被设置为3.75MHz，从而包括所有三个信道。
在实施例中，协议通过确定近似的信道带宽而识别。在该情形下，信道扫描以一定间隔来执行，所述间隔充分地小，从而可以检测所关心的最窄信道带宽。例如，假设GSM的信道带宽200kHz是所关心的最窄信道带宽。通过以近似200kHz或者更少的间隔进行接收信号强度测量，GSM信号将引起指示非占线信道的若干低值测量结果，并且对占线信道而言，具有较大值的单信号强度测量结果将紧跟在中等值信号强度测量结果之后，并且继之以中等值信号强度测量结果。这两个中等强度相邻测量结果反映了边带。对于CDMA信号而言，若干低值测量将指出非占线信道，而对于占线信道而言，将检测到具有较大值的近似6个相邻的信号强度测量结果，因为信道带宽是1.25GHz或者近似6乘以200kHz。同样，对于CDMA信号而言，可以期望边带检测为在大值测量之前紧跟的两个中等值信号强度测量结果以及在大值测量之后紧跟的两个中等值信号强度测量结果。对于UTMS信号而言，若干低值测量结果将指示非占线信道，并且对占线信道而言，将检测具有较大值的将近25个相邻信号强度测量结果，因为信道带宽是5.0GHz或者近似25乘以200kHz。同样地，对于UTMS信号而言，可以期望边带检测为在大值测量之前紧跟的一些中等值信号强度测量结果并且在大值测量之后紧跟的一些中等值信号强度测量结果。在该方案中，有必要指定是否有多个占线信道。这是因为具有相对窄的带宽的一个协议的相邻信道可能检测为具有更宽带宽的不同协议的单个信道。在该情形下，集线器116可以接受用户输入以指定有多个信道。
图4示例了根据本发明实施例的天线装置118。如图4所示，天线装置118包括接口端口142，接口端口142被配置为经由链路122(图1)而被通信地耦合到集线器116(图1)。另外，天线装置118包括频率转换器144，所述频率转换器144可以将经由接口142从集线器116接收的IF或者基带信号转换成用于经由天线146传输到移动通信设备120的RF信号。相反地，由天线146从移动通信设备120中接收的RF信号可以被转换成用于通信至集线器116的IF或基带。
天线装置118也可以包括用于控制天线装置118的操作的控制器148。在实施例中，天线装置控制器148接收来自集线器116的消息，该消息识别基站102操作的上行链路和下行链路信道。在该情形下，频率转换器144可以被配置为使用相同的这些信道来发送信号到天线146并且接收来自天线146的信号。
在实施例中，天线装置118的天线114与天线装置118的壳体集成，从而天线114和壳体是一体的并且不需要额外的步骤来设立天线114(不同于安装天线装置118)。这也使系统100的的安装和实现更简单并且将避免特别有经验的专家来安装系统100的需要。
正如所提到的，DAS系统100可以使用诸如CAT 5电缆和RJ-45连接器或者同轴电缆之类的电缆连接和连接器，所述电缆连接和连接器一般用于商业建筑之内的计算机联网。这些电缆一般从电信公共房间或者壁橱延伸到商业建筑之内的办公室和其它工作空间。这些现有的电缆可以作为链路122来使用，可以被用于通信地将集线器116连接到各天线装置118。同样地，集线器116和天线装置118可以使用先前存在于建筑中的电缆连接而安装在建筑内。这使系统100的安装和实现更简单并且将避免特别有经验的专家来安装系统100的需要。
在实施例中，向系统100的安装者提供了集线器116和天线装置118之间的正确连接的可视的或声音的指示。在该情形下，各天线装置118可以包括连接指示器150，用于提供集线器116和天线装置118之间的正确连接的指示。各天线装置118可以被插入RJ-45输出口，所述RJ-45输出口经由电缆(例如CAT 5电缆)而被连接到集线器116。因此，天线装置118可以经由电缆和输出口而从集线器116中接收功率，从而使天线装置118不需要额外的功率源。众所周知，根据以太网上功率(POE)技术，功率可以使用以太网电缆来传递。当该功率源由连接指示器150感测时(例如通过感测电流或者电压)，连接指示器150的第一发光二极管(LED)可以被点亮。连接指示器150也可以感测天线装置118是否能够与集线器116交换通信消息(例如，消息可以在集线器控制器132和天线装置控制器148之间交换)。假如这样的话，连接指示器150的第二LED可以被点亮。这也使系统100的安装和实现更简单并且将避免特别有经验的专家来安装系统100的需要。替代点亮第一和第二LED，第一和第二声音音调可以由连接指示器150发出以作出对应的指示。
集线器116也可以包括在各分发端口128中的连接指示器152(图2)。当连接指示器152感测由天线装置118所汲取的功率时(例如通过感测电流)，连接指示器152的第一LED可以被点亮。连接指示器152也可以感测集线器116是否能够与天线装置118交换通信消息。假如是这样的话，连接指示器152的第二LED也可以被点亮。替代点亮第一和第二LED，第一和第二声音音调可以由连接指示器152发出以作出对应的指示。
在实施例中，在各天线装置118处的信号功率被自动调节，从而集线器116和各天线装置118之间的信号损失独立于出现于集线器116和特定的天线装置118之间的损失量而被补偿。对于下行链路而言，这可以通过采用天线装置控制器148中的自动增益控制电路和/或各天线装置118中的频率转换器144来完成，从而使天线装置118将预定的功率水平输出到它的天线146，而与从集线器116接收的信号功率无关。对于上行链路而言，由各天线装置118发送到集线器116的信号的功率水平可以被调节类似于下行链路信号的量。这假设电缆损失在集线器116和各天线装置118之间的两个方向上是类似的。然而，因为上行链路和下行链路信道可以在不同的IF频率处，所以对于上行链路和下行链路而言，电缆损失可以不同。因此，上行链路的功率水平也可以被调整以补偿所预期的损失量的差别。该自动信号增益控制也使系统100的安装和实现更简单并且将避免特别有经验的专家来安装系统100的需要。
在实施例中，集线器控制器132可以测量集线器116和各天线装置118之间的往返信号(round-trip signal)损失(例如，通过激活各天线装置118中的环路交换机(loop switch))。集线器控制器132可以使用该信息来自动设置集线器116中的下行链路传输水平。集线器控制器116也可以发送消息到各天线装置118，所述消息使天线装置118基于所测量的往返信号损失而设置它的上行链路传输功率水平。可以独立于其它的功率水平而设置集线器116和各天线装置118之间的下行链路和上行链路功率水平，因为各天线装置可能经历不同的损失。下行链路和上行链路功率水平的该自动设置也使系统100的安装和实现更简单，并且将避免特别有经验的专家来安装系统100的需要。
在实施例中，集线器116包括无线调制解调器154。在该情形下，调制解调器可以经由基站102和网络104来发送消息到网络操作者的操作中心并且可以经由基站102和网络104来从网络操作者的操作中心接收消息。例如，控制消息可以由调制解调器来接收，所述控制消息使集线器116和天线装置118的输出功率由网络操作者基于由集线器116测量的往返信号损失或者基于其它测量参数而设置。网络操作者也可以接收和响应识别DAS系统100中故障情况的警报消息。
在备选实施例中，集线器116可以经由诸如以太网之类的网络连接而被通信地耦合到网络104，而不是通过调制解调器154，用于在集线器116和网络操作者的操作中心之间进行控制和警报消息的通信。图5示例了根据本发明的备选实施例的分布式天线通信系统156。系统156执行如具有下述不同的上面所描述的系统100的同样的功能。如图5所示，集线器116经由连接器158和电缆160而被通信地耦合到网络104。例如，电缆160可以被连接到基站控制器(例如，图1的BSC 108)。在集线器116的内部，连接器158可以被耦合到诸如以太网网络分组交换机(Ethemet network packet switch)之类的网络交换机162。交换机160可以被连接到控制器132和连接器164。基站102经由链路166经由端口124而被通信地耦合到集线器116。链路166可以是如图1中的无线链路。基站102也可以经由链路168和连接器164而被通信地耦合到集线器116。链路168是诸如以太网链路之类的网络链路。
基站102经由集线器116而被通信地耦合到网络104(经由电缆160和168以及交换机162)，而不是如图1中被直接连接到网络104。因此，电缆160、168和交换机160用作基站102和集线器116的回程。同样，控制器132和网络104之间以及控制器132和基站102之间的通信是经由交换机162的。多个基站102可以被连接到集线器116，并且因此，多个基站102可以经由集线器116和交换机162而被通信地耦合到网络104。例如，交换机162的单独端口可以专用于各类似的基站。
图5也示出了服务器170，所述服务器170可以被耦合到交换机162。服务器170可以包括通用计算机系统和存储器并且可以包括诸如Linux之类的操作系统。服务器170可以提供额外的功能到集线器116。例如，通常由网络104的BSC 108和MSC 110所执行的某些特征可以改为由集线器116与服务器170一起来执行。
提供了本发明的前述详细说明是用于示例的目的而不是旨在详尽地描述本发明或者为了将本发明限定在所公开的实施例。因此，本发明的范围由所附权利要求限定。

Claims (35)

1.一种分布式天线系统，包括：
基站，被配置用于与电信网络通信；
多端口中继器集线器，被连接到所述基站以从所述基站接收通信信号并且将所述通信信号分发到所述多端口中继器集线器的多个端口，所述多端口中继器集线器包括扫描器，所述扫描器用于扫描多个频率信道以识别从所述基站接收的所述通信信号的一个或多个信道；和
多个天线装置，各耦合到所述多端口中继器集线器的所述端口中的一个。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述基站包括单信道微微基站。
3.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多端口中继器集线器包括信号再生器，其中所述信号再生器被配置为在一个或多个所识别的信道上执行信号处理。
4.根据权利要求3所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述信号再生器的中心频率和带宽被配置用于所述所识别的信道中的每一个。
5.根据权利要求4所述的分布式天线系统，其中对所有所述信道而言，所述带宽是固定的。
6.根据权利要求4所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述带宽根据所检测的信道宽度而调节。
7.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多端口中继器集线器被耦合到一个或多个另外的基站，所述一个或多个另外的基站各具有包括一个或多个相应信道的通信信号，并且其中所述多端口中继器集线器识别各基站的所述一个或多个相应信道。
8.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述通信信号由所述多端口集线器在射频处接收并且所述天线装置在中频处从所述多端口中继器集线器接收所述通信信号。
9.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述通信信号由所述多端口集线器在射频处接收并且所述天线装置在基带处从所述多端口中继器集线器接收所述通信信号。
10.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多端口中继器集线器包括用于在所述多端口中继器集线器和网络操作者之间进行控制和警报消息通信的无线调制解调器。
11.根据权利要求1所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多端口中继器集线器包括网络交换机，其中所述基站与所述电信网络经由所述网络交换机通信。
12.一种用于分布式天线系统的多端口中继器集线器，包括：
基站接口端口，被配置为与基站通信；
扫描器，用于扫描多个频率信道以识别从所述基站接收的通信信号的一个或多个信道；和
多个分发端口，从所述基站接口端口接收的所述通信信号被分发到所述多个分发端口，各分发端口被配置为与多个天线装置中对应的一个进行通信。
13.一种分布式天线系统，包括：
基站，被配置用于与电信网络通信；
多端口中继器集线器，被连接到所述基站以从所述基站接收通信信号并且将所述通信信号分发到所述多端口中继器集线器的多个端口，所述多端口中继器集线器包括各端口的连接指示器，所述连接指示器指示所述端口是否被正确地连接到其对应的天线；和
多个天线装置，各耦合到所述多端口中继器集线器的所述端口中的一个。
14.根据权利要求13所述的分布式天线系统，还包括多条电缆，其中各天线装置由电缆中的相应的一个电缆连接到所述多端口中继器集线器的对应端口并且其中各天线装置被配置为经由其相应的电缆而接收功率。
15.根据权利要求14所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述电缆包括具有RJ-45连接器的CAT-5电缆。
16.根据权利要求14所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多端口中继器集线器的各端口的所述连接指示器指示所述天线装置是否从所述多端口中继器集线器汲取功率。
17.根据权利要求16所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多端口中继器集线器的各端口的所述连接指示器还指示所述多端口中继器集线器是否能够与其相应的天线装置交换通信消息。
18.根据权利要求14所述的分布式天线系统，其中各天线装置指示它是否经由其相应的电缆而接收功率。
19.根据权利要求18所述的分布式天线系统，其中各天线装置还指示它是否能够与所述多端口中继器集线器交换通信消息。
20.一种用于分布式天线系统的多端口中继器集线器，包括：
基站接口端口，被配置为与基站通信；
多个分发端口，从所述基站接口端口接收的通信信号被分发到所述多个分发端口，各分发端口被配置为与多个天线装置中的对应的一个通信；和
各分发端口的连接指示器，所述连接指示器指示所述分发端口是否被正确地连接到其对应的天线。
21.一种用于实现分布式天线系统的方法，包括以下步骤：
将多端口中继器集线器连接到基站；
扫描多个频率信道以识别从所述基站接收的通信信号的一个或多个信道，所述扫描由所述多端口中继器集线器自动执行；
将多个天线装置中的每一个连接到所述多端口中继器集线器的多个分发端口中的对应的一个；以及
提供各天线装置的指示，所述指示关于所述分发端口是否被正确地连接到其对应的天线装置。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中各天线装置的所述指示由所述多端口中继器集线器自动提供。
23.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述天线装置中的一个或多个的所述指示由所述一个或多个天线装置自动提供。
24.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中多个天线装置中的每一个到所述多端口中继器集线器的多个分发端口中的对应的一个的所述连接使用具有RJ-45连接器的CAT-5电缆来执行。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中各天线装置被配置为经由其相应的电缆而接收功率。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法，其中各天线装置的所述指示指示所述天线装置是否经由其相应的电缆而接收功率。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法，其中所述指示还指示所述天线装置是否能够与所述多端口中继器集线器交换消息。
28.根据权利要求21所述的方法，还包括自动调节在各天线装置的天线处的信号功率。
29.根据权利要求28所述的方法，其中在各天线处的信号功率独立于其它天线处的信号功率而被调节。
30.根据权利要求21所述的方法，其中所述多端口中继器集线器自动调节各天线装置的下行链路传输功率。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中所述多端口中继器集线器发送消息到各天线装置，所述消息使所述天线装置设置其上行链路传输功率。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法，其中各天线装置的下行链路和上行链路信号功率独立于其它天线装置处的信号功率而被调节。
33.一种分布式天线系统，包括：
基站，被配置用于与电信网络通信；
多端口中继器集线器，被连接到所述基站以从所述基站接收通信信号并且将所述通信信号分发到所述多端口中继器集线器的多个端口，所述多端口中继器集线器包括网络交换机，其中所述基站经由所述网络交换机与所述电信网络通信；和
多个天线装置，各耦合到所述多端口中继器集线器的端口中的一个。
34.根据权利要求33所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述多端口中继器集线器被配置为经由所述网络交换机而与网络操作者进行控制和警报消息通信。
35.根据权利要求33所述的分布式天线系统，其中所述基站包括单信道微微基站。
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