CN101416019B - 安装有嵌入式激光瞄准仪的枪械 - Google Patents

安装有嵌入式激光瞄准仪的枪械 Download PDF

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CN101416019B
CN101416019B CN200780010235.7A CN200780010235A CN101416019B CN 101416019 B CN101416019 B CN 101416019B CN 200780010235 A CN200780010235 A CN 200780010235A CN 101416019 B CN101416019 B CN 101416019B
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dovetail rail
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CN101416019A (zh
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威廉·R·霍德-沃特尔
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Cosman company
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G1/00—Sighting devices
    • F41G1/32—Night sights, e.g. luminescent
    • F41G1/34—Night sights, e.g. luminescent combined with light source, e.g. spot light
    • F41G1/35—Night sights, e.g. luminescent combined with light source, e.g. spot light for illuminating the target, e.g. flash lights
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G11/00—Details of sighting or aiming apparatus; Accessories
    • F41G11/001—Means for mounting tubular or beam shaped sighting or aiming devices on firearms
    • F41G11/003—Mountings with a dove tail element, e.g. "Picatinny rail systems"

Abstract

激光瞄准仪嵌入在安装轨道内，该安装轨道另外还用于将附件附连到诸如手枪或步枪的小型武器发射装置上。所述安装轨道具有沿着所述安装轨道的轴线延伸的横向轮廓，用于与所述附件的配合特征部接合。所述激光瞄准仪至少部分位于所述安装轨道的所述横向轮廓内，且具有大致平行于所述安装轨道的所述轴线延伸的瞄准轴线。

Description

安装有嵌入式激光瞄准仪的枪械
技术领域
本发明涉及在枪械或其他小型可发射武器装置上的激光瞄准仪及其安装件。 
背景技术
激光瞄准仪用作瞄准装置时特别有效，这是因为激光将光斑照射到目标上，而不需要使用者将眼睛对准瞄准装置，而将眼睛对准瞄准装置会限制使用者对目标或目标周围环境的视野或使该视野模糊。在激光瞄准仪被安装到枪械上的情况下，激光瞄准仪发出沿着从枪械发射出的弹体的期望飞行路径的光束。然而，激光瞄准仪必须与枪筒有偏距地安装，从而使激光束大致与弹体的初始飞行路径平行但有偏距地延伸。在近距离下，这一偏距会导致接近初始偏距的明显瞄准误差。在较长距离下，通过对激光瞄准仪进行小的角度调整能补偿该偏距。 
具体对于旨在较短距离内射中目标的手枪而言，理想的是减小该偏距的量。申请人的在先美国专利No.4,934,086描述了将激光瞄准仪安装在枪械的后座弹簧管内。该弹簧管的安装将激光瞄准仪定位成靠近枪筒，保护了激光瞄准仪不受外部震动的影响，并避免了外部附件的妨碍。然而，并非在所有手枪上都有这样的内置安装位置，因而激光瞄准仪还必须通过传统的轨道和专用适配器在外部进行安装。 
以与安装到枪械上的观测器和其他附件相同的方式从诸如皮卡汀尼(Picatinny)型轨道的传统附属安装件安装激光瞄准仪模块。通常，激光瞄准仪模块包括用于接合枪械上的附属安装件的接收器。例如，在激光瞄准仪模块内形成有燕尾形接收器，以与枪械上的皮卡汀尼型轨道接合。可利用配合接收器从枪械上不同类型的附属安装件(包括从其他类型的轨道)安装激光瞄准仪模块，也可利用夹紧装置或其他形式的用于接合 枪筒、枪身或未另行用作附属安装件的其他部件的附件将激光瞄准仪模块安装在枪械上。 
通常期望的是，以能取下并能够在枪械间换用(通常只需尽可能少的调节)的方式安装激光瞄准仪。同样，为此目的采用了轨道、特别是皮卡汀尼型轨道。这些轨道能与枪械枪身一体形成，或被夹到、或以其它方式附连到枪筒或枪身上。 
枪械上存在的附属安装件以及用于接合这些附属安装件的接收器都趋于使激光瞄准仪偏离枪筒。用于将激光瞄准仪附连到枪械部件(未另行布置为安装件)上的可选适配器结构也趋于使激光瞄准仪偏离枪筒。在附属安装件中，诸如皮卡汀尼型轨道的轨道安装件使激光瞄准仪偏离被所述轨道本身以及任何用于将轨道固定到枪筒或枪身的附件所占据的空间。此外，用于接合轨道的接收器会占用更多的空间，从而使激光瞄准仪更加偏离枪筒。已知的以这样的方式安装的激光瞄准仪模块也受到震动的影响，从而会妨碍枪械的操作或运行，特别是在激光瞄准仪安装成偏离枪筒更远的情况下更是如此。 
发明内容
本发明利用附属安装件占据的空间来构成用于激光瞄准仪的副安装件，以实现使激光瞄准仪尽可能少地偏离枪筒，从而保护激光瞄准仪不受外部震动的影响，并减少激光瞄准仪给枪械安全操作和运转带来的妨碍。为安装附件提供轨道或其他特征部的附属安装件可以是枪械的一体部分，或者可作为附属物附连到枪械上。激光瞄准仪优选嵌入在附属安装件内，而不会影响它们作为用于将附件附连到枪械上的主安装件或副安装件的功能，而且还优选地不会增加附属安装件的尺寸。 
换言之，本发明利用否则会被附属安装件占据的空间，从而将激光瞄准仪定位成更加靠近枪筒，具体而言，将其定位在受保护的空间内，与作为传统附件安装的激光瞄准仪的轮廓相比，该受保护的空间具有较小的外轮廓。其内嵌入有激光瞄准仪的附属安装件为其他的附件提供了主安装件或副安装件，从而附加或增强了其他的功能性。除了传统的枪 械之外，本发明还可应用于其他的可发射装置，包括得益于瞄准的气枪、彩弹球发射器、弓弩以及其他小型武器。 
本发明的一种作为小型可发射武器装置的新型附属安装件的形式包括用于安装附件的传统燕尾形轨道。该传统轨道具有渐缩侧壁，所述渐缩侧壁(a)沿着所述燕尾形轨道的纵向轴线延伸，(b)沿着所述燕尾形轨道的正交横向轴线间隔开，位于与形成在所述附件内的燕尾形接收器的配合侧壁接合的位置。然而，与传统附件安装件不同，激光瞄准仪在与所述燕尾形轨道的所述纵向轴线大致对准的位置处嵌入所述燕尾形轨道，并沿着所述燕尾形轨道的所述横向轴线定位成至少部分位于所述渐缩侧壁之间。 
优选的是，所述激光瞄准仪沿着所述燕尾形轨道的所述横向轴线位于所述渐缩侧壁之间的中央。所述燕尾形轨道的所述渐缩侧壁可具有相对的V形轮廓，所述V形轮廓的顶点沿着所述横向轴线对齐。所述激光瞄准仪优选包括通过公共外壳而对准的光束产生器和校准光学元件。 
所述渐缩侧壁优选外伸在支撑所述渐缩侧壁的基座的相对两侧。所述激光瞄准仪的外壳可完全嵌入在所述轨道的所述渐缩侧壁之间的空间内，或者可嵌入在包括所述侧壁之间的空间和所述基座两侧之间的空间的较大空间内。 
所述燕尾形轨道可与所述可发射装置一体形成，或者可通过夹具或其他紧固件附连到所述可发射装置上。所述燕尾形轨道也可形成为适配器的一部分，该适配器使得所述燕尾形轨道成为副安装件，并且该适配器具有用于与所述可发射装置上的主安装件接合的接收器。例如，所述适配器的接收器可形成为燕尾形接收器，用于接合附连到所述可发射装置上的作为主安装件的燕尾形轨道。 
所述燕尾形轨道的外安置表面(land surface)优选与所述渐缩侧壁相互连接。穿过所述外安置表面在所述燕尾形轨道内形成用于向所述激光瞄准仪供电的电池室。所述电池室用的可重新定位的盖可形成为所述燕尾形轨道的所述外安置表面的一部分。 
本发明的另一形式改进了用于将附件安装到小型可发射武器装置上 的皮卡汀尼型轨道，以结合激光瞄准仪，该激光瞄准仪至少部分嵌入在具有用于与所述附件的对应轮廓特征部接合的T形轮廓的所述皮卡汀尼型轨道的一部分内。所述皮卡汀尼型轨道的所述T形轮廓包括支承外伸平台的基座，该外伸平台具有用于接合所述附件的相对倾斜侧壁。所述T形轮廓沿着所述皮卡汀尼型轨道的纵向轴线延伸。所述激光瞄准仪沿着光轴发出校准光束，所述光轴在所述皮卡汀尼型轨道的所述T形轮廓内与所述皮卡汀尼型轨道的所述纵向轴线大致对准。可在所述外伸平台内穿过在所述平台的相对倾斜侧壁之间延伸的外安置表面形成电池室。所述电池室用的可重新定位的盖优选形成所述外安置表面的一部分。 
本发明的作为用于将附件安装到小型可发射武器装置上的适配器系统的另一形式包括适配器体部，该适配器体部具有接收器和从所述接收器支承的安装轨道。所述安装轨道具有沿着用于与所述附件的配合特征部接合的所述安装轨道的轴线延伸的横向轮廓。所述接收器可适配于所述可发射装置，以使所述安装轨道的所述轴线大致平行于所述可发射装置的发射轴线。发光瞄准装置至少部分定位在所述安装轨道的所述横向轮廓内，并具有大致平行于所述安装轨道的所述轴线延伸的瞄准轴线。 
优选的是，所述横向轮廓部分地由所述安装轨道的相对倾斜侧壁形成，且所述发光瞄准装置定位在所述安装轨道的所述相对倾斜侧壁之间的中央。在所述安装轨道内还可形成有用于向所述发光瞄准装置供电的电池室。所述电池室用的盖优选封闭所述安装轨道内的所述电池室。 
优选的是，所述横向轮廓部分地由所述外安置表面形成，且所述安装轨道的所述外安置表面包括大致垂直于所述安装轨道的所述轴线延伸的一组后座槽。所述接收器可与所述可发射装置一体形成，或者可形成为用于直接附连到所述可发射装置或用于附连到安装轨道(该安装轨道附连到所述可发射装置)的夹具。例如，所述夹具可包括用于接合所述可发射装置的枪筒或枪身的配合特征部。可选的是，所述夹具可包括呈用于接合所述可发射装置的安装轨道的接收器形式的配合特征部。 
附图说明
图1为示出了在与手枪的机匣一体形成的安装轨道内嵌入有激光瞄准仪的手枪的立体图。 
图2为皮卡汀尼型轨道的横截面的放大端视剖面图，示出了嵌入在所述安装轨道的平台部分内的激光瞄准仪。 
图3为安装轨道的局部剖切部分的放大图，示出了与安装轨道的纵向轴线大致平行对准的嵌入式激光瞄准仪。 
图4为同一皮卡汀尼型轨道的横截面的放大端视剖面图，示出了一部分嵌入在所述安装轨道的平台部分和一部分嵌入在所述安装轨道的基座部分的较大激光瞄准仪。 
图5为同一安装轨道的局部剖切部分的放大图，示出了与安装轨道的纵向轴线大致平行对准的较大嵌入式激光瞄准仪。 
图6为位于管形公共外壳内并连接至便携电源的激光瞄准仪组件的部分分解放大图。 
图7为具有安装轨道和接收器的适配器的放大立体图，且在安装轨道内嵌入有激光瞄准仪。 
图8为适配器在相对侧的立体图，示出了形成在安装轨道内用于对激光瞄准仪供电的电池室。 
图9为适配器的倒置立体图，示出了接收器以及用于导通和断开激光瞄准仪的拨动开关的细节。 
图10为另一倒置立体图，示出了从电池室取下的盖。 
具体实施方式
图1所示的传统手枪10包括通常的构件，即，枪筒12、滑动件14和带有一体式握把18的机匣(或枪身)16、以及以燕尾形轨道20的形式形成在机匣16中的附属安装件。可以从燕尾形轨道20安装各种附件，这些附件包括战术灯、激光瞄准仪模块以及支承装置。然而，图1所示的发明将燕尾形轨道20改型为容纳激光瞄准仪22。 
图2和图3示出了其内类似地容纳有激光瞄准仪26的可供选择的燕尾形轨道30的放大图。燕尾形轨道30具有传统的轮廓呈T形的皮卡汀 尼型轨道结构。基座32(其形成所述T形的基部)支承外伸平台34(其形成所述T形的横杆)，该外伸平台具有沿着燕尾形轨道30的纵向轴线40不间断延伸的渐缩侧壁36和38。纵向轴线40与枪械的枪筒大致对准。沿着燕尾形轨道30的正交横向轴线42间隔开的渐缩侧壁36和38形成为组合表面，这些组合表面具有相对的V形轮廓，所述V形轮廓的顶点44和46沿横向轴线42对齐、。可通过将接收器(未示出)的用于附连附件的表面配合到燕尾形轨道30上而接合渐缩侧壁36和38的V形轮廓。基座32的侧面48和50提供了用于接合接收器的间隙。 
嵌在燕尾形轨道30的平台34内的激光瞄准仪26占据了平台34的渐缩侧壁36和38之间的空间，否则该空间将形成为燕尾形轨道30的实心部分或形成为燕尾形轨道30内的凹部。激光瞄准仪26具有光轴28，该光轴大致与燕尾形轨道30的纵向轴线40对准，但是优选为可调节的，以确保与安装有激光瞄准仪26的枪械或其他发射装置的发射轴理想地对准。此外，激光瞄准仪26优选沿着横向轴线42位于渐缩侧壁36和38之间的中央。燕尾形轨道30还包括在横向轴线42的方向上横跨燕尾形轨道30的一组后坐槽52。激光瞄准仪26优选安装在后坐槽52下方，从而抑制了暴露于环境，或者避免了与后坐槽52的任何期望功能相干涉。 
图4和图5示出了将较大的激光瞄准仪56嵌入在同样的皮卡汀尼式燕尾形轨道30内的不同位置。图4和图5的激光瞄准仪56部分嵌在平台34内、部分嵌在基座32内，而不是如图2和图3所示那样完全嵌在燕尾形轨道30的平台34内。平台34所提供的额外空间使得较大的激光瞄准仪56可嵌在燕尾形轨道30内，而不突出到后坐槽52内。 
激光瞄准仪56具有与纵向轴线40大致对准的光轴58，并还优选是可调节的，以使该光轴58与安装着激光瞄准仪56的小型武器装置发射出的弹体或其他发射物的预期飞行路径精确对准。激光瞄准仪56还沿着横向轴线42位于平台34的渐缩侧壁36和38之间的中央。 
因此，燕尾形轨道30的整个T形轮廓内的空间都可用来嵌入诸如激光瞄准仪26和56之类的激光瞄准仪。这使得激光瞄准仪26和56可更加靠近小型武器发射轴地安装在被保护的环绕空间内，而不占用额外的 空间，也不会带来不必要的妨碍。虽然预期到本发明作为对皮卡汀尼型轨道的改型而特别有益，可是本发明还有利于其他安装轨道，特别是尺寸或形状不同、但提供类似的具有足够横向空间以嵌入激光瞄准仪的燕尾形安装系统的那些皮卡汀尼型轨道。 
如图6所示，用于本发明目的的典型激光瞄准仪62包括在公共外壳70内沿着公共光轴对准的激光二极管64和校准透镜66。该外壳内也可包括有附加部件，这些部件包括用于使激光二极管64在导通和断开之间交替以节约能量的控制电路(未示出)和用于按照需要对准激光瞄准仪62的校准透镜所用的调节部件。枪载电源72通过由开关74中断的电路向激光二极管64供应电能。优选为一个或多个电池形式的该电源72可定位在公共外壳70的延伸部内，或者可定位在燕尾形轨道或小型武器的发射装置内的其他部位，例如位于枪械的握把内。开关74还能安装在燕尾形轨道内，或安装在小型武器的发射装置内的其他部位。在申请人的美国专利No.5,509,226中更加详细地描述了一种能组装在公共外壳内的激光瞄准仪的实施例，这里通过参考结合该专利。 
图7至图10所示的本发明另一实施方式将激光瞄准仪76安装在适配器80的安装轨道78内，该适配器80的安装轨道78作为副安装件。该适配器80还包括用于接合主安装轨道(未示出)的接收器81，该接收器81能被附连到小型武器发射装置上或与小型武器发射装置一体形成。 
副安装轨道78以及接收器81包括优选为皮卡汀尼型的燕尾形接合件的配合特征部。例如，副安装轨道78具有基座82支承外伸平台84的T形轮廓。平台84的侧壁86和88具有组合表面，这些组合表面具有相对的V形，以接合附属接收器(未示出)内的具有相似形状的侧壁。包含有一组后坐槽92的外安置表面90横跨两个侧壁86和88。 
突出有基座82的适配器接收器81也包括一对呈V形构造的侧壁94和96，用于接纳例如可以与小型武器发射装置一体形成或形成为小型武器发射装置的附件的主安装轨道的配合侧壁(未示出)。在接收器81内可结合有包括固定螺钉或其他紧固结构在内的夹具，以将适配器80固定到主安装轨道上。
激光瞄准仪76嵌在副安装轨道78内，位于在没有激光瞄准仪76的情况下将被基座82和外伸平台84所占据的空间内，该基座82和外伸平台84一起形成安装轨道78的T形轮廓。激光瞄准仪76的光轴98大致与纵向轴线100或安装轨道78对准，但是为了校准激光瞄准仪而优选是可调节的。激光瞄准仪76的至少一部分嵌在平台94的渐缩侧壁94和96之间，激光瞄准仪76的其余部分嵌在安装轨道78的基座92内。此外，激光瞄准仪76定位在渐缩侧壁94和96之间的中央。 
在安装轨道78内穿过外安置表面90形成有电池室104。在电池室104内示出了两个纽扣式电池106和108，用以对激光瞄准仪76供电。用于该电池室104的滑盖110形成了外安置表面90的一部分。 
穿过安装轨道78、具体而言在基座92内形成有拨动开关112，其用于使激光瞄准仪76与电池106和108电连接和断开。拨动开关112具有可在中间位置和两个端点位置中的任何一个之间移动的开关臂114，在该中间位置激光瞄准仪76被断开，而在两个端点位置中的任何一个处激光瞄准仪76被连接以向该激光瞄准仪供电。臂114的相对端部处的旋钮116和118为手动移动开关提供了把手，并为将拨动开关112的移动限制在断开和导通位置之间提供了止动件。 
因此，除了将激光瞄准仪76嵌在适配器80的安装轨道78内，还在安装轨道78内形成电池室104，以向激光瞄准仪76供电，且穿过安装轨道78形成有开关112，以导通和断开激光瞄准仪76。激光瞄准仪76、电池室104和开关112一起在否则会由适配器80的安装轨道78占据的空间内形成完全整装的激光模块，该激光模块可借助于适配器接收器81在小型发射装置之间换用。 
例如通过根据传统皮卡汀尼规格来形成接收器81和安装轨道78可将接收器81设置成安装轨道78的配合件，或者可将接收器81设置成与不同式样的安装轨道配合，从而从适配器80突出的副安装轨道78不同于旨在由形成在适配器80内的接收器81接合的主安装轨道。除了为附连附件提供不同的安装轨道选择之外，可采用适配器80作为用来有意偏置其他附件的上升装置。不管怎样，激光瞄准仪76都以受保护方式嵌在 副安装轨道内，除了执行适配器的其他功能另外所需的空间之外无需额外的空间。 
可选的是，接收器81能设置成用于接合小型武器发射装置的其它部件(诸如枪筒)的夹具，而通常不用于安装附件。接收器还可与小型武器装置的机匣或枪身一体形成，且该一体结构的安装轨道能被改型为除结合激光瞄准仪之外还结合电池室或结合用于操作激光瞄准仪的开关。相反地，具有改型为结合激光瞄准仪的安装轨道的适配器能电连接到小型武器发射装置上或连接到小型武器发射装置的附件上以获得电力或开关控制。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于小型可发射武器装置的附属安装件，所述附属安装件包括：
用于安装附件的燕尾形轨道，
燕尾形轨道的渐缩侧壁，所述渐缩侧壁沿着所述燕尾形轨道的纵向轴线延伸，并沿着所述燕尾形轨道的正交横向轴线间隔开，位于与形成在所述附件内的燕尾形接收器的配合侧壁接合的位置，
燕尾形轨道的基座，所述基座具有相对的侧面，所述侧面与所述燕尾形轨道的渐缩侧壁相邻并且沿着纵向轴线沿伸，所述侧面的形状能为所述燕尾形接收器的配合侧壁提供空间从而使得所述燕尾形轨道的渐缩侧壁结合，以及
激光瞄准仪，其在与所述燕尾形轨道的所述纵向轴线大致对准的位置处嵌入所述燕尾形轨道，并沿着所述燕尾形轨道的所述横向轴线定位成至少局部位于所述渐缩侧壁之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的附属安装件，其中，所述激光瞄准仪沿着所述燕尾形轨道的所述横向轴线位于所述渐缩侧壁之间的中央。
3.根据权利要求2所述的附属安装件，其中，所述燕尾形轨道的所述渐缩侧壁具有相对的V形轮廓，所述V形轮廓的顶点沿着所述横向轴线对齐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的附属安装件，其中，所述激光瞄准仪包括通过公共外壳而对准的光束产生器和校准光学元件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的附属安装件，其中，所述渐缩侧壁外伸在用于支撑所述渐缩侧壁的所述基座的相对的侧面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的附属安装件，其中，所述公共外壳嵌入在一空间内，所述空间包括所述渐缩侧壁之间的空间，也包括所述基座的侧面之间的空间。
7.根据权利要求6所述的附属安装件，其中，所述公共外壳完全嵌入在所述渐缩侧壁之间的空间内。
8.根据权利要求6所述的附属安装件，其中，所述公共外壳的第一部分嵌入在所述渐缩侧壁之间的空间内，而所述公共外壳的第二部分嵌入在所述基座的侧面之间的空间内。
9.根据权利要求1所述的附属安装件，其中，所述燕尾形轨道与所述小型可发射武器装置一体形成。
10.根据权利要求1所述的附属安装件，所述附属安装件还包括用于将所述燕尾形轨道附连到所述小型可发射武器装置上的夹具。
11.根据权利要求10所述的附属安装件，其中，所述夹具包括用于接合所述小型可发射武器装置的枪筒的特征部。
12.根据权利要求1所述的附属安装件，其中，所述燕尾形轨道形成为适配器的一部分，所述适配器使得所述燕尾形轨道成为副安装件，并且所述适配器具有用于与所述小型可发射武器装置上的主安装件接合的适配器接收器。
13.根据权利要求12所述的附属安装件，其中，所述适配器的接收器为燕尾形接收器，用于接合附连到所述小型可发射武器装置上的作为主安装件的燕尾形轨道。
14.根据权利要求1所述的附属安装件，其中，所述燕尾形轨道的外安置表面与所述渐缩侧壁相互连接。
15.根据权利要求14所述的附属安装件，其中，穿过所述外安置表面在所述燕尾形轨道内形成用于向所述激光瞄准仪供电的电池室。
16.根据权利要求15所述的附属安装件，其中，所述电池室用的可重新定位的盖形成为所述燕尾形轨道的所述外安置表面的一部分。
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WO2007136885A3 (en) 2008-11-06
WO2007136885A2 (en) 2007-11-29
CN101416019A (zh) 2009-04-22
WO2007136885A9 (en) 2009-01-15
US20070180752A1 (en) 2007-08-09
US20090013580A1 (en) 2009-01-15
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US7743547B2 (en) 2010-06-29

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