CN101366168A - 用于静音可变的电机速度控制的方法和装置 - Google Patents
用于静音可变的电机速度控制的方法和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/10—Commutator motors, e.g. repulsion motors
- H02P25/14—Universal motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/04—Single phase motors, e.g. capacitor motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using ac to ac converters without intermediate conversion to dc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Abstract
一种用于控制AC电机速度的装置,包括:适合与AC电机的电源端并联耦合的开关;与所述开关和电机的并联组合串联耦合的电容;所述电容适合于将来自AC电源的AC电源电压提供给包括所述电机和开关的并联电路;以及控制电路,其用于控制所述开关的导通时间从而改变所述电机的速度。优选地,所述开关以两倍于所述AC电源电压线频率的频率被脉宽调制,而且当所述AC电机两端的电压为0伏特时,所述开关被开启。所述装置用于在最小化所述电机中的噪声时提供所述电机速度的连续可变控制。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求于2005年6月6日提交的、标题与本发明相同的、共同转让的美国临时申请No.60/687,828的优先权,其全部公开的内容被结合于此作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及用于给交流(AC)负载如电机负载特别是给AC风扇电机提供可变功率的负载控制设备,更具体地,本发明涉及一种静音可变的风扇速度控制,其允许在风扇速度控制中基本上完全可变。
背景技术
用于风扇电机的已知的控制器存在的问题为:过去使用的一些技术有严重的缺陷。例如,已知的完全可变风扇速度控制。图1A显示了现有技术中的完全可变风扇速度控制10,其中通过开关电路14来控制开关12以改变所述触发三极管开始导通时的相位角,由此提供可变的速度控制,所述开关12典型地包括双向半导体开关,例如触发三极管。所述风扇速度控制10被耦合在AC电源16和风扇电机18之间。如本领域技术人员所熟知的,通过控制触发三极管开始导通时的相位角(即,所述AC电源每半个周期触发三极管的导通时间),可以控制提供给风扇电机的功率量并由此可以控制风扇电机的速度。
虽然现有技术中风扇速度控制10提供了基本上完全可变的速度控制,但是这种电路存在这样的问题:当通过所述相位角技术来控制风扇电机时,在该风扇电机中可能产生机械噪声和噪声,这会令人烦恼和分心。图1B显示了所述AC输入线电压30A的波形、通过开关施加给风扇电机的电机电压30B、以及通过所述风扇电机的电机电流30C。如从上述波形可以看出,所述电机电压30B具有大的不连续性以及由此的谐波,其导致在所述风扇电机中产生噪声和振动。图1C显示了进一步的波形:图表{a}和{b}显示了接近低速工作和接近高速工作时的线电压32A以及通过所述风扇电机的电机电流32B、32C的波形,图表{c}和{d}显示了接近低速工作和接近高速工作时线电压32A以及风扇电机两端的电机电压32D、32E的波形。提供给所述风扇电机的电机电压32D、32E中的谐波引起了大量的令人分心的噪声和振动,因此期望一种更好的解决方案。
图1D显示了另一种现有技术的方法,该方法提供一种静音的风扇速度控制20。在这种方法中,多个半导体开关21、22、23,例如触发三极管,被提供。电容24被提供与开关22串联而电容25被提供与开关23串联。与风扇电机相串联的电容的不同的值导致不同的风扇速度。通过控制开关22、23来选择性地在电路中插入或者移除电容24、25,多个离散的风扇速度被提供。如果图1D中的开关21被导通,则所述风扇电机18以全速工作。如果开关22或23或这些开关的组合被导通,则依据它们串联的电容,风扇电机将以某个较慢的速度工作。由此,通过图1D所示的电路,可以获得多达四个不同的离散的速度。
但是,这不允许连续或者完全或者接近完全的可变的速度控制。可以通过提供另外的电容和开关来获得更多的离散的速度等级,但是随着更多的元件被添加,电路将会变得不必要的复杂、大型和昂贵。这种类型的速度控制的示例被描述于1991年2月12日公布的、题为SWITCHING CIRCUITPROVIDING ADJUSTABLE CAPACITIVE SERIES VOLTAGE DROPPINGCIRCUIT WITH A FRACTIONAL HORSEPOWER MOTOR的美国专利No.4992709,其被公开的全部内容作为引用被结合于此。
不过,图1D中所示的系统提供了静音的风扇速度控制。图1E显示了图1D中的现有技术的风扇速度控制20的线电压34A、电机电压34B、以及电机电流34C的波形。如所观察的,所述波形相当的连续和平滑,没有图1A中所示系统的不连续性。由于开关21、22、23要么是导通的或者要么是断开的,而且不是根据图1A中风扇速度控制的相位切断技术来被操作,因此这些波形没有显示出不连续性。图1F显示了进一步的波形:其中图表{a}和{b}显示了在接近低速工作和接近高速工作时线电压36A和通过风扇电机的电机电流36B、36C的波形,图表{c}和{d}显示了在接近低速工作和接近高速工作时线电压36A和风扇电机两端的电机电压36D、36E的波形。
虽然这种现有技术的系统提供了静音的风扇速度控制,但是它仍存在速度不能连续地或完全可变地或接近完全可变地被控制的缺陷。
因此,期望一种更令人满意的解决方案,其提供静音的风扇速度控制和接近完全的可变的速度控制、以及甚至连续的可变的风扇速度控制的优点。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于控制AC电机速度的装置,该AC电机由来自AC电源的AC电源电压来驱动,该装置包括:适合于被串联耦合在所述AC电源和AC电机之间的串联电容;分流开关,适合于以并联电连接被耦合到所述AC电机的两端;以及控制电路,用于控制所述开关的导通时间。所述分流开关具有控制输入,该控制输入被耦合到用于所述分流开关的控制的控制电路。依据所述分流开关的导通时间所述电机速度是可控制的。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方式,所述控制电路用于产生脉宽调制信号以控制所述分流开关的导通时间。所述脉宽调制信号具有用于改变所述电机速度的可变的占空因数。根据另一实施方式,所述装置包括以并联电连接被耦合到所述串联电容两端的旁路开关来为串联电容设置旁路从而实现所述AC电机基本上的全速工作。
本发明还提供一种用于控制AC电机速度的方法,所述AC电机由来自AC电源的AC电源电压来驱动,该方法包括步骤:将第一电容以串联电连接耦合在所述AC电源和AC电机之间;将第一分流开关以分流电连接耦合在所述AC电机的两端,所述开关具有用于控制所述第一开关的导通时间的控制输入;以及控制所述开关的导通时间以改变所述电机的速度。依据所述分流开关的导通时间所述电机速度是可控制的。
根据一优选实施方式,所述控制步骤包括产生脉宽调制信号,该信号用于控制所述第一开关的导通时间。所述脉宽调制信号具有用于改变所述电机速度的可变的占空因数。根据另一实施方式,所述方法还包括步骤:将第二开关以并联电连接与所述第一电容耦合;以及闭合所述第二开关来为所述第一电容设置旁路从而实现所述电机基本上的全速工作。
通过下面参照附图对本发明的描述,本发明的其他特征和优点将变得更加清楚。
附图说明
在下面的参照附图的详细的说明书中将对本发明进行更详细的描述,其中附图为:
图1A显示现有技术的可变风扇速度控制;
图1B显示图1A中的电路的波形;
图1C显示图1A中的电路的进一步的波形;
图1D显示另一现有技术的风扇速度控制;
图1E显示图1D中的电路的波形;
图1F显示图1D中的电路的进一步的波形;
图2显示了根据本发明用于提供连续可变的静音风扇速度控制的电路的简化电路图;
图3A是图2中的电路的控制电路的简化框图;
图3B是图3A中控制电路中的微处理器的控制环的流程图;
图4显示图2的电路中的波形;
图5A是解释图2中的电路当开关关闭时的工作的电路图;
图5B进一步是辅助解释图2中的电路在开关开启时的工作的图;
图6A显示图2中的电路的电机电压波形;
图6B显示对由图2中的本发明的风扇速度控制、图1A中的现有技术的风扇速度控制、以及图1中的现有技术的风扇速度控制进行操作的风扇电机的声音测量的图表;
图6C显示图6B中的图表的噪声水平测量的数值;
图7显示图2中的电路的进一步波形;
图8显示根据本发明的电路的第二实施方式的简化电路图;
图9显示根据本发明的电路的第三实施方式的简化电路图;以及
图10显示图9中的风扇速度控制的操作模式相对风扇电机的期望速度的图表。
具体实施方式
以上的概述以及接下来的优选实施方式的详细描述,在结合附图阅读时可以被更好的理解。为了例证本发明,这里描述了图中所示的当前优选的实施方式,其中在附图中的多个视图中的相同的数字代表了类似的部分,然而应该理解的是,本发明不局限于公开的特定的方法和装置。
再转向附图,图2显示了根据本发明的连续可变的静音的风扇速度控制50的简化框图。所述风扇速度控制50具有热端子(hot terminal)44,其与AC电源40耦合,风扇速度控制50还具有负载端子46,该负载端子46与风扇电机42连接。虽然典型地,所述风扇电机42为无刷的同步或者感应电机,但是风扇电机42可以是无刷的或者是有刷的电机。所述风扇速度控制50还包括中性端子48,中性端子48与所述AC电源40和风扇电机42连接。AC电源40通过串联电容52向风扇电机42提供功率。所述串联电容52优选地具有18μm的电容值。
分流开关54被设置在所述风扇42两端,分流开关54可以是合适的半导体设备,例如,起双向开关作用的两个反串连接的场效应管(FETs),或者在整流桥中的单个FETs,其也起双向开关的作用。控制电路56通过提供脉冲信号给所述开关54的栅极来控制所述开关54的导通时间。特别地,通过脉宽调制(PWM)信号来驱动开关54从而控制所述导通时间。当所述开关54导通时,所述风扇电机42基本上被短路,这样在所述风扇电机的两端基本上没有电压。当所述开关未导通时,所述的电源电压的一部分通过所述电容52被提供给所述风扇电机42。这样的效果是根据所述开关54的导通时间来改变提供给所述风扇电机42的功率。当开关54连续导通时,没有功率被传送给所述风扇电机42并且其速度将下降或者所述风扇电机将保持静止。随着所述开关54的导通时间下降,所述风扇速度上升。当所述开关54在整个时间,即在整个AC线周期期间都不导通时,所述风扇电机达到其通过串联电容52所允许达到的最大速度。
为获得全速工作,旁路开关58被选择地提供与电容52并联来分流所述电容并由此施加所述全部AC电源电压给所述风扇电机42。也可以通过所述控制电路56来控制所选的旁路开关58。
此外,正如以下将要解释的,因为所述切换发生在所述电机电压为零并且所述电机电流中的不连续性被减少时,所以本发明提供了静音的风扇速度控制。本发明没有图1中的现有技术的电路的缺点,该现有技术的电路产生大量的噪声,并且本发明不局限于图1D中的现有技术电路的离散速度设置。
为了减小所述噪声,可以确定,当所述风扇电机两端的电机电压VM基本上为0时,优选地闭合所述开关54。所述风扇电机两端的电压VM通过VM监控器电路60而被监控。所述VM监控器电路60优选地作为零交叉检测电路被执行,该检测电路可以识别所述电机电压VM的零交叉。零交叉被定义为当所述电机电压转变通过0时的时刻,即当所述电机电压从正值变到0或者从负值变到0时的时刻,例如,图4中的零交叉61A,所述VM监控器电路60提供表示所述电机电压VM的零交叉的信号给所述控制电路56。所述VM监控器电路60的输出信号的静止状态为逻辑高电平。当零交叉发生时,所述VM监控器电路60将短暂地使所述输出信号跳动至逻辑低电平。
当所述电机电压VM为0(即,已检测到零交叉)时,闭合所述分流开关54。相信这具有降低洛仑兹力的效果,洛仑兹力引起风扇振动并引起噪声。此外,闭合所述分流开关54为所述电机电流环流提供了路径,从而减少了所述电机电流的不连续性并有助于将引起噪声操作和振动的磁力最小化。
还可以确定,用于所述脉宽调制信号的合适的频率是所述AC电源电压的线频率的两倍。因此,对于60赫兹的AC主频率,所述脉宽调制信号的频率优选为120赫兹。
图3A为图2中的电路的控制电路的简化框图。所述控制电路包括锁存器56A,锁存器56A具有两个有源低输入(即,设置输入和复位输入)和一个输出。所述锁存器56A的输出为所述分流开关54提供控制信号。所述锁存器56A的设置输入从所述VM监控器电路60中被接收并控制所述分流开关54的开启。微处理器56B接收所述锁存器56A的输出并提供控制信号给锁存器56A的复位输入以控制所述分流开关54的关闭。所述微处理器56B还包括用于所述旁路开关58的控制的输出。所述微处理器56B可以为任何合适的处理设备,例如可编程逻辑设备(PLD),微控制器,或者专用集成电路(ASIC)。
此外,所述微处理器56B接收期望的风扇速度输入56C,风扇速度输入56C被所述微处理器用来确定所述分流开关54的开启时间的长度。所述期望的风扇速度输入56C可以从所述风扇速度控制50的用户接口被接收,所述用户接口包括一个或者多个用于允许用户调节所述风扇速度的调节器。所述期望的风扇速度输入56C也可以从通信电路被接收,所述通信电路允许所述风扇速度控制50从控制系统的其它设备中接收表示期望的风扇速度的信号。所述通信电路可以与通信链路耦合,例如,有线串行通信链路,电力线载波(PLC)通信链路,或者无线串行通信链路,例如红外(IR)或射频(RF)通信链路。这样的控制系统的示例在与本申请同一天提交的、题为SYSTEMFOR CONTROL OF LIGHTS AND MOTOR、代理人申请案编号05-12143-P2、共同转让的、共同未决的美国专利申请中有详细的描述,其全部内容作为参考结合于此。
所述控制电路56还包括电源56D,其用于产生DC电压以激励所述锁存器56A、微处理器56B、以及所述电扇速度控制50的其它的低电压电路系统。所述电源56D被耦合在所述风扇速度控制50的热端子44和中性端子48之间。
为产生用于控制所述分流开关54的PWM信号,所述锁存器56A接收来自所述VM监控器电路60和微处理器56B的输入。优选地,所述控制电路56驱动所述分流开关54在所述电机电压VM的零交叉处导通。特别地,当所述锁存器56A在所述设置输入处接收的来自所述VM监控器电路60的信号为低脉冲(即,约为0伏)时,所述锁存器将所述输出推向逻辑高电平(即,VCC),由此驱动所述分流开关54导通。根据所述期望的风扇速度输入56C,所述微处理器将在驱动所述锁存器56A的复位输入为低(即,约为0伏)之前,在一段时间内保持对锁存器56A的复位输入的输出为高(即,在VCC)。因此,所述锁存器56A将驱动所述输出使所述分流开关54的为低从而导致所述分流开关停止导通。
图3B是用于控制所述风扇速度的微处理器56A的控制环300的流程图。期望的风扇速度输入56C在输入302处被提供给所述控制环300。在步骤304,如果所述期望的风扇速度输入302为全速,则旁路开关58将在步骤306被闭合并且该过程循环直到所述期望的风扇速度改变。如果在步骤304所述期望的风扇速度输入302不为全速,则在步骤308所述旁路开关58被断开。接着,根据所述期望的风扇速度输入302,所述分流开关54的期望的开启时间,tON被确定。步骤310中所述开启时间tON的确定通过线性函数可以被简单地计算,例如,tON=(1-DFS)/fPWM,其中DFS为以0%和100%之间的百分比形式的期望的风扇速度,而fPWM为所述PWM信号的频率(即,120Hz)。
在步骤312,所述微处理器56A等待直到所述锁存器56A的输出从逻辑低电平转变为逻辑高电平。当在输入314所述锁存器56A的输出为高时,所述分流开关54被闭合。在步骤316,所述微处理器56B等待在步骤310处确定的开启时间tON的长度。然后,在步骤318通过驱动所述锁存器56A的复位输入为低来使锁存器56A复位。由此,所述锁存器56A的输出将转变为逻辑低电平,从而使所述分流开关54断开。最后,所述处理环循环来察看在步骤302处所述期望的风扇速度是否变化。
当所述控制电路56包括作为单独的硬件设备的所述锁存器56A时(如图3A所示),锁存器56A的功能可以替代地通过所述微处理器56B的软件来被完全执行。例如,所述微处理器56B可以接收来自所述VM监控器电路60的信号并且直接控制响应于来自VM监控器电路60的信号的所述开关54。
图4为图2中的电路的波形图,显示所述线电压62A,电机电压62B,电机电流62C,以及分流开关控制信号62D。尽管所述电机电压62B和电机电流62C是非正弦的,但是所述开关54在电机电压为零时切换并且电机电流基本上是连续的。如图4所示,所述开关54以两倍于所述线电压62A的频率被操作。
图6A显示了图2的电路中的电机电压62B进一步的细节。所述开关54导通的时间ΔT被显示。当所述开关54未导通时,电压被施加到所述风扇电机42。所述时间周期ΔT与所述电机电压的周期的比率表示所述PWM信号的占空因数。在图6A中,所述占空因数略小于50%。所述占空因数在0%至100%之间被改变以控制所述风扇速度。当所述占空因数为0%时,所述风扇电机以全速工作,该速度由所述串联电容52所确定。当所述占空因数为100%时,所述风扇电机静止。
图5A显示了当所述开关54关闭时的等效电路图,其显示了电流64从AC电压源40流经所述电容52以及流经所述感应风扇电机42。所述风扇电机42用电感LM与电阻RM串联的模型来显示。
图5B显示了当所述开关54被开启时的等效电路。通过所述电容的电流66在包括所述电容52、所述开关54、以及所述AC电压源40的环路中循环。如图5B中所示,感应电流68连续地循环流经所述风扇电机42流和所述闭合的开关54。如图4中所示,当所述开关54导通时,所述风扇电机42中的感应电流68开始减小,然后反转极性并且以渐小的速率开始增加直到所述开关再度被关闭。如图4中所示,当所述风扇电机两端的电机电压为0伏,即在电压负向零交叉61A和正向零交叉61B时所述开关54被开启。
如图6A所示,所述开关开启时间的值,ΔT,控制所述风扇速度。开启时间ΔT越大,风扇速度减小。如图5B所示,当所述开关闭合时,所述电流68循环通过所述风扇电机。
因此,所述风扇速度控制50提供风扇电机42的连续可变的、静音控制。图6B显示了使用图2中的本发明的风扇控制50、图1A中的现有技术风扇速度控制10、以及图1D中的现有技术风扇速度控制20的风扇电机的近似的声音测量图表。所述风扇电机对每种风扇速度控制以不同的RPM水平(转每分钟)工作并且记录所述声音测量。使用具有周围的噪声水平为17dBA的相同风扇电机进行所有测试。图6C中显示了图6B中的声音测量的数值。
如图6B中的图表所示,所述风扇速度控制50提供了静音操作,该静音操作非常类似于由所述现有技术的静音风扇控制20产生的噪声水平。相反,所述风扇速度控制50提供连续可变的风扇速度控制,而所述现有技术的静音风扇控制20不能提供所述风扇电机的连续可变操作。此外,所述连续可变的风扇速度控制50与所述现有技术的连续可变的风扇速度控制10相比,提供了关于产生噪声水平的改进的操作。
图7显示了图2中的电路的另外的波形。特别地,图表{a}中显示了在风扇电机接近低速工作时的线电压70A和通过风扇电机的电机电流70B。图表{b}中显示了在风扇电机接近高速工作时的线电压70A和通过风扇电机的电机电流70C。图表{c}中显示了在风扇电机接近低速度工作时线电压70A和风扇电机两端的电机电压70D以及图表{d}中显示了在风扇电机接近高速度工作时线电压70A和风扇电机两端的电机电压70E。
参考图2,所述分流开关54、旁路开关58、和电容52、以及所述控制电路56,可以被包括在定位在接线盒中的墙式安装控制中。由于存在所述中性线,所以用于操作所述分流开关54和旁路开关58的控制电路的电源可以由所述热线和中性线之间的电势产生的功率来提供。
通常,当以极低速度开启风扇电机时,所述风扇电机的启动会有问题。为了克服这个问题,当启动所述风扇电机42且所述风扇的期望启动速度低时,通过将所述分流开关52断开一段预定时间以驱动所述风扇电机42在最大速度,所述控制电路56最初“启动”(“kick-starts”)所述风扇电机42。在这段时间之后,所述风扇电机42以可接受的速度工作并且所述控制电路随之用所述PWM信号来操作所述分流开关52并且以期望的较低的速度驱动所述风扇电机。备选地,所述控制电路56可以闭合所述旁路开关58以在所述预定的时间段内提供全部AC电源电压给风扇电机,断开旁路开关58,并且驱动风扇电机至期望的较低速度。
图8显示了根据本发明的第二实施方式中的风扇速度控制80的简化电路图。所述风扇控制80包括与所述分流开关54并联的电容82。旁路开关84与所述电容82串联并且被控制电路86控制以选择性地从所述风扇速度控制80的电路中移除电容82。优选地,所述电容82的电容为4.7μF。
当所述开关84断开时,所述风扇速度控制80以与图2中的风扇速度控制50相同的方式进行工作。但是,当所述开关84闭合时,所述电容82与所述风扇电机42并联并且为高频电流提供流向中性的路径。所述电容82通过消除所述风扇电机42两端的电机电压中的高频分量从而起滤波器的作用,其进一步减小了由风扇电机产生的可听到的噪声。
如果所述风扇电机42的全速是所期望的,所述开关58被闭合来为所述电容52设置旁路,并且所述开关84被断开以将所述电容82从所述风扇速度控制80的电路中移除。由于当开关84闭合时有些电流将流经电容82,因此所述风扇电机42在最大的可能的速度处无法运行。由此,当所述最大风扇速度是所期望的时,所述开关84是断开的。
图9显示了根据本发明的第三实施方式中的风扇速度控制90的简化电路图。所述风扇速度控制90包括与所述端子44、46串联的被切换的电容网络91。所述切换电容网络91包括多个开关92、93、94、95,每一个都分别被控制电路99控制。三个开关93、94、95的每一个都分别与三个电容96、97、98中的一个相串联。
所述风扇速度控制90提供三种不同的操作模式以驱动所述风扇电机42。第一种操作模式(在此被称为“120Hz AC buck”模式)以与图8中的风扇速度控制80相似的方式进行工作。在这种模式中,所述被切换的电容网络91的开关中的一个(例如,开关93)一直闭合从而一个串联电容(例如,电容96)与端子44、46串联。当控制电路99保持开关84为闭合时,控制电路99提供脉宽调制信号,以优选约为120Hz的频率,来控制所述分流开关54和风扇电机42的速度。为提供全部的AC电压给所述风扇电机42,控制电路99使开关92闭合并且使开关84断开。
第二种操作模式(在此被称为“静态电容切换”模式)以与图1D中的现有技术的风扇速度控制20相似的方式进行工作。在这种模式中,所述分流开关54和开关84保持断开并且所述开关93、94、95被选择性地断开或者闭合以提供所述风扇电机42速度的离散的阶段。
此外,所述风扇控制90可用于在第三种操作模式中运行。在这种模式中,所述开关84、93、94、95被保持在断开状态并且所述开关54和92被两个PWM信号有效地控制。所述开关以互补的方式在未导通状态和导通状态之间切换,这样当开关54导通时,开关92断开,反之亦然。以这种方式,所述风扇电机42不是与所述AC电压源40连接,或者就是允许通过风扇电机42的电流流经开关54而被短路。在2005年6月21日公布的、题为CIRCUIT DEVICE FOR DRIVING AN AC ELECTRIC LOAD的专利号为6909258的美国专利中对这种操作模式进行了更详细的描述,其全部内容作为参考结合于此。
在本发明的一个优选实施方式中,风扇速度控制90可用于在操作模式之间交替地切换以提供连续可调的、静音的风扇速度操作。所述第一种操作模式(即,“120Hz AC buck”模式)提供风扇电机连续可调的速度。但是,一些从市场上可获得的风扇电机在较高速度下使用所述第一种操作模式时不能如期望的那么静音。所述第二种操作模式(即,“静态电容切换”模式)允许在较高速度下非常静音的操作,但是由于控制不是连续可变的,这种模式受到限制。然而,在风扇电机高速工作时,一般人通常看不出风扇电机的速度中的离散阶段之间的差异。当风扇电机以低速工作并且通常由人眼所见的风扇速度中的变化更显著时,所述连续可变控制最被期望作为风扇速度控制90的特征。
因此,如图10所示,风扇速度控制90的优选的操作方法是,当风扇电机以低速(低于最大风扇速度的40%左右)工作时使用第一种操作模式(即,“120Hz AC buck”模式),并且当风扇电机以高速(高于最大风扇速度的40%左右)工作时使用第二种操作模式(即,“静态电容切换”模式)。所述控制电路99用于确定期望的风扇速度并且使风扇速度控制90在操作模式间切换。在图10中,用于改变操作模式的阈值约为最大风扇速度的40%,而且提供了某些滞后。由于风扇电机的工作特性中的广泛差异,用于改变操作模式的阈值优选地可以由用户通过风扇速度控制90的用户界面来改变以确定用于特定应用的最佳阈值。
对本发明关于风扇电机的控制已经进行了描述,但是本发明的负载控制设备可以被用于控制任意类型的电机或者其它类型的负载,例如白炽灯。
尽管根据本发明的具体的实施方式对本发明进行了描述,但是许多其它的变型和修改以及其它的应用对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。因此,本发明不受在此特定公开的限制,而仅受权利要求的限制。
Claims (36)
1.一种用于控制AC电机速度的装置,该AC电机由来自AC电源的AC电源电压来驱动,该装置包括:
串联电容,适合于以串联电连接被耦合到所述AC电源和AC电机之间;
分流开关,适合于以分流电连接被耦合到所述AC电机的两端,所述开关具有控制输入;以及
控制电路,其被耦合到所述控制输入以控制所述分流开关的导通时间;
由此依据所述分流开关的导通时间所述电机的速度是可控制的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述控制电路用于产生用于控制所述分流开关的导通时间的脉宽调制信号,所述脉宽调制信号具有用于改变所述电机速度的可变的占空因数。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述可变的占空因数是连续可变的。
4.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述可变的占空因数是离散可变的。
5.根据权利要求2所述的装置,其中,在通过所述脉宽调制信号来控制所述分流开关之前,所述控制电路用于当启动所述电机时将所述分流开关断开一段预定的时间。
6.根据权利要求2所述的装置,还包括:
旁路开关,以并联电连接被耦合到所述串联电容的两端,用于为所述串联电容设置旁路从而获得所述电机的基本上全速操作;
其中,在通过所述脉宽调制信号来断开所述旁路开关和控制所述分流开关之前,所述控制电路用于当启动所述电机时将所述旁路开关闭合一段预定的时间。
7.根据权利要求2所述的装置,还包括:
第一串联开关,以串联电连接与所述串联电容耦合,所述第一串联开关具有控制输入;
第二串联电容,适合于以串联电连接被耦合在所述AC电源和AC电机之间;以及
第二串联开关,以串联电连接与所述第二串联电容耦合,所述第二串联开关具有控制输入;
其中所述控制电路用于当离散地控制所述第一串联开关和第二串联开关时保持所述分流开关是未导通的,从而依据所述第一串联开关和第二串联开关的导通状态所述电机速度是离散可控的。
8.根据权利要求6所述的装置,其中所述控制电路还用于在期望的电机速度高于预定阈值时通过脉宽调制信号来控制所述分流开关,并且在所述期望的电机速度低于预定阈值时离散地控制所述第一串联开关和第二串联开关。
9.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述控制电路以依据所述AC电源电压的线频率的频率来控制所述分流开关的导通时间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其中所述控制电路以两倍于所述AC电源电压的线频率的频率来控制所述分流开关的导通时间。
11.根据权利要求1所述的装置,还包括:
电机电压监控电路,适合于被耦合到所述电机以监控所述电机两端的电压;所述电机电压监控电路具有被耦合到所述控制电路的输出。
12.根据权利要求11所述的装置,其中当所述电机两端的电压接近于0伏时所述控制电路使得所述分流开关变为导通。
13.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其中所述分流开关包括半导体设备。
14.根据权利要求13所述的装置,其中所述半导体设备包括两个反串连接的场效应管。
15.根据权利要求13所述的装置,其中所述半导体设备包括整流桥中的场效应管。
16.根据权利要求1所述的装置,还包括以并联电连接被耦合于所述串联电容两端的旁路开关,用于为所述串联电容设置旁路以获得所述电机的基本上全速操作。
17.根据权利要求16所述的装置,其中所述旁路开关包括半导体设备。
18.根据权利要求1所述的装置,还包括:
分流电容,适合于以分流电连接被耦合在所述AC电机的两端。
19.一种用于控制AC电机速度的方法,该AC电机由来自AC电源的AC电源电压来驱动,该方法包括以下步骤:
将第一电容以串联电连接耦合在所述AC电源和AC电机之间;
将第一开关以分流电连接耦合在所述AC电机的两端,所述第一开关具有用于控制所述第一开关的导通时间的控制输入;以及
控制所述第一开关的导通时间以改变所述电机的速度;
由此依据所述第一开关的导通时间所述电机速度是可控的。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其中所述控制步骤包括产生脉宽调制信号来控制所述第一开关的导通时间,所述脉宽调制信号具有可变的占空因数以改变所述电机速度。
21.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述可变的占空因数是连续可变的。
22.根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述可变的占空因数是离散可变的。
23.根据权利要求20所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
当开启所述电机时将所述第一开关断开一段预定量的时间以获得所述电机的最大速度操作;以及
在所述预定量的时间过去之后用所述脉宽调制信号来控制所述第一开关。
24.根据权利要求20所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
将第二开关以并联电连接与所述第一电容耦合;
当启动所述电机时将所述第二开关闭合一段预定量的时间来为所述第一电容设置旁路从而获得所述电机的基本上全速操作;
在所述预定量的时间终止后断开所述第二开关;以及
在所述预定量的时间流逝后用所述脉宽调制信号来控制所述第一开关。
25.根据权利要求20所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
将第二开关以串联电连接与所述第一电容耦合,所述第二开关具有控制输入;
将第二电容以串联电连接耦合在所述AC电源和AC电机之间;以及
将第三开关以串联电连接与所述第二电容耦合,所述第三开关具有控制输入;以及
离散地控制所述第二开关和第三开关,同时保持所述第一开关未导通;
由此依据所述第二开关和第三开关的导通状态所述电机速度是离散可控的。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
当期望的电机速度高于预定阈值时用脉宽调制信号来控制所述第一开关;以及
当所述期望的电机速度低于预定阈值时离散地控制所述第二开关和第三开关。
27.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述控制步骤包括以依据所述AC电源电压的线频率的频率来控制所述第一开关的导通时间。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中所述控制步骤包括以两倍于所述AC电源电压的线频率的频率来控制所述第一开关的导通时间。
29.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述控制步骤包括监控所述电机两端的电压。
30.根据权利要求29所述的方法,其中所述控制步骤还包括当所述电机两端的电压接近0伏时使所述第一开关变为导通。
31.根据权利要求19所述的方法,其中所述第一开关包括半导体设备。
32.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述半导体设备包括两个反串连接的场效应管。
33.根据权利要求31所述的方法,其中所述半导体设备包括整流桥中的场效应管。
34.根据权利要求19所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
将第二开关以并联电连接与所述第一电容耦合;以及
闭合所述第二开关以为所述第一电容设置旁路从而获得所述电机的基本上全速操作。
35.根据权利要求34所述的方法,其中所述旁路开关包括半导体设备。
36.根据权利要求19所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
将第二电容以分流电连接耦合在所述AC电机的两端。
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- 2006-06-06 BR BRPI0613240-5A patent/BRPI0613240A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-06-06 US US11/447,728 patent/US7330004B2/en active Active
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106685282A (zh) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-17 | 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 | 电动器具及其电机调速装置 |
CN106685282B (zh) * | 2015-11-05 | 2024-01-05 | 广东美的生活电器制造有限公司 | 电动器具及其电机调速装置 |
CN105763130A (zh) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-07-13 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种单相多档电机 |
CN111780377A (zh) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-10-16 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种风机转速控制方法、装置及空调设备 |
CN111780377B (zh) * | 2020-06-16 | 2021-07-09 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种风机转速控制方法、装置及空调设备 |
Also Published As
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EP1894293A1 (en) | 2008-03-05 |
CN101366168B (zh) | 2011-08-10 |
EP1894293B1 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
MX2007015387A (es) | 2008-02-19 |
CA2611585A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
BRPI0613240A2 (pt) | 2012-12-04 |
WO2006133154A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
CA2611585C (en) | 2012-08-14 |
US20060273751A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
US7330004B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 |
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