CN101286934A - Cross-layer routing method based on multi-node collaborative beam forming in wireless sensor network - Google Patents
Cross-layer routing method based on multi-node collaborative beam forming in wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101286934A CN101286934A CNA2008100600560A CN200810060056A CN101286934A CN 101286934 A CN101286934 A CN 101286934A CN A2008100600560 A CNA2008100600560 A CN A2008100600560A CN 200810060056 A CN200810060056 A CN 200810060056A CN 101286934 A CN101286934 A CN 101286934A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- node
- leader cluster
- layer
- beam forming
- routing table
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a cross-layer routing method based on multi-node cooperative beam forming in a wireless sensor network, which at least comprises the two steps of routing table establishment and data transmission. During the establishment process of a routing table, cluster head nodes establish the routing table and design a beam forming vector for every next hop node; during the process of data transmission, all nodes in the cluster adjust respective signal sending amplitude and phase according to the beam forming vector and establish connection with the next hop node so as to transmit data cooperatively. By cooperative beam forming and cross-layer routing of all sensor nodes, the method of the invention can not only obtain comparatively high diversity gain and improve the energy efficiency of the network, but also can bear the load of data transmission by cooperative working of all the nodes in every cluster during the communication process, thereby ensuring comparatively balanced energy consumption of all the nodes in the whole cluster and prolonging the survival time of the network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of radio sensing network, relate in particular to cross-layer routing method wherein based on multi-node collaborative beam forming.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of the communication technology, embedded computing technique and sensor technology and increasingly mature, the wireless sensor node with perception, computing capability and communication capacity begins to occur, and has caused people's very big concern.This wireless sensor node constitutes various environmental informations or the monitoring target information in wireless sense network perception in phase, collection and the processing network's coverage area, and is distributed to the user who needs these information.Wireless sense network merges information world in logic with real physical world, profoundly changed the interactive mode of man and nature, can be widely used in numerous areas such as military affairs, industrial or agricultural control, biologic medical, environmental monitoring.
In the existing radio sensing network, all be based on the mode work of sub-clustering.The wireless sensor node basis of laying at random is divided into several bunches in the position separately, and each bunch all has a bunch of head.The data of each wireless sensor node perception are all transmitted to other leader cluster nodes or aggregation node by leader cluster node in bunch.Several aggregation nodes are arranged in each leader cluster node, have the function that inserts extraneous network, as the outlet of whole radio sensing network data.Therefore the flow direction of data converges in radio sensing network, and each data flow all is to flow to aggregation node.
Corresponding wireless sense network each leader cluster node when starting at first will be sought some the paths that can arrive aggregation node, when data will send, select a suitable path according to current network state, the data that will send are jumped through one by each leader cluster node on the path or the multi-hop forwarding is sent to aggregation node.
During network startup, the routing table of each leader cluster node all is blank, all can't be linked into aggregation node.So aggregation node sends a broadcast frame, represent the existence of oneself to contiguous leader cluster node.Oneself can directly be linked into aggregation node with regard to clear and definite when this moment, contiguous leader cluster node was received the broadcast frame that aggregation node sends, in routing table, make corresponding mark.Through this first leg, the contiguous leader cluster node of aggregation node has all been set up the path of own cut-in convergent node, and has upgraded routing table, and all the other leader cluster nodes still can't be linked into aggregation node.During second leg, can one jump to the outside ID of broadcasting oneself of leader cluster node that reaches aggregation node, expression is through oneself arriving aggregation node, reached aggregation node with regard to clear and definite oneself can jumping to through one when this moment, their contiguous leader cluster nodes were received the ID of certain leader cluster node, in routing table, make corresponding mark by this node.Through this second leg, some have all set up the path of own cut-in convergent node from aggregation node leader cluster node far away, and upgraded routing table, it should be noted that these leader cluster nodes may obtain the path of many cut-in convergent nodes by a plurality of intermediate tufts head nodes.Through behind several bouts, each leader cluster node can both be set up a complete routing table, has obtained the path of cut-in convergent node.
When a leader cluster node has data to send, at first table of query and routing obtains the ID that next jumps leader cluster node, and this ID is encapsulated in the forwarding claim frame, is exported by the TX module, if the leader cluster node of being chosen is idle, then feeds back an acknowledgement frame and connect; If the leader cluster node chosen is not idle, then or wait for a period of time and send the request of forwarding or table of query and routing once more once more, seek a new path.After connecting, export by the TX module after the data encapsulation that leader cluster node just will send with next jumping leader cluster node of choosing.Next is jumped leader cluster node and accepts after the data the own routing table of inquiry again, the path of a cut-in convergent node of searching.Transmit through several times in this way, in the aggregation node that data will be transmitted.
In the described in the above routing mode, all independently finish in network layer, the network layer table of query and routing just is encapsulated in id information when determining next jumping leader cluster node ID and gives the output of TX module in the frame.Treat the data that send to each leader cluster node TX module indistinction, and transmit with identical power.The burden of this routing mode leader cluster node can be very heavy, so that exhaust all energy prematurely, causes the frequent adjustment of network needs bunch head, and along with the inefficacy of part leader cluster node, can occur partly not having the zone of ignorance of sensor node in the network.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide in a kind of wireless sense network cross-layer routing method based on multi-node collaborative beam forming.
What the present invention will solve is in the existing route mode, the burden of leader cluster node is heavy, so that exhausts all energy prematurely, causes the frequent adjustment of network needs bunch head, and along with the inefficacy of part leader cluster node, the problem that part does not have the zone of ignorance etc. of sensor node can appear in the network.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the present invention comprises routing table foundation and two processes of transfer of data at least; Set up in the process in routing table, leader cluster node is set up routing table and is beam shaping vector of each next-hop node design; In data transmission procedure, all nodes in bunch are adjusted amplitude and phase place that oneself sends signal according to the beam shaping vector, and connect cooperative data transmission with next-hop node.
Set up in the process in routing table, in order to realize multi-node collaborative beam forming, each node is when receiving the ID of other leader cluster node broadcasting oneself in bunch, need estimate that the channel fading coefficient estimates to adopt known channel estimation method to realize to the channel fading coefficient between itself and the next-hop node; Simultaneously channel estimation results is fed back to leader cluster node.The channel estimation results of each node feedback in leader cluster node is collected bunch, and set up a channel fading coefficient sample set.The beam shaping vector computer is that each next jumping leader cluster node is according to formula according to channel response
Design a collaborative beam forming vector, wherein i is collaborative transmitting node sequence number, h
iBe the channel fading coefficient between i collaborative transmitting node and the receiving node, N is a bunch interior nodes number.This beam shaping vector is submitted to the route layer, and is written in the routing table with the ID of next-hop node.
In data transmission procedure, network layer is read next and is jumped leader cluster node ID and corresponding beam shaping vector from routing table, and with ID, data that send and beam shaping vector encapsulated delivery to bunch in each node, the route layer of each node extracts ID from the signal that receives, data and beam shaping vector, and work in coordination with emission with giving the TX module after ID and the data encapsulation, according to the beam shaping vector amplitude and the phase place of the signal of TX module output are adjusted simultaneously.
By collaborative beam forming, the signal that next jumping leader cluster node is received can be expressed as
And the signal indication that the leader cluster node pattern of working independently receives is R=h
iS, the average energy that receives under the collaborative work mode as can be seen is N times under the single antenna working method.
The present invention strides layer design by network layer and physical layer, is collaborative beam forming vector of each next jumping leader cluster node design by the beam shaping vector computer according to the characteristic of channel, submits to network layer and leaves in the routing table; Is that each collaborative transmitting node distributes a collaborative beam forming vector by network layer according to the next-hop node that transmits, and each cooperative nodes is adjusted the amplitude and the phase place of own TX module output signal according to the collaborative beam forming vector.
Advantage of the present invention: the present invention is based on multi-node collaborative beam forming and stride a layer routing Design, can obtain higher diversity gain, improve the energy efficiency of network; Simultaneously, in communication process, each node cooperative work in each bunch has been shared the burden of transfer of data, makes that the energy consumption of each node is relatively more balanced in whole bunch, the life span that prolongs network.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that wireless sense network is used schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is that method for routing of the present invention is used schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Radio sensing network shown in Fig. 1, comprising leader cluster node, bunch inner sensor node and aggregation node, each sensor node all is divided into several bunches to be organized.Wherein thin arrow is represented is that the data of each sensor node perception are all jumped through one by leader cluster node or multi-hop arrives aggregation node in the traditional Routing Protocol.The flower arrow is illustrated in the cross-layer routing method based on multi-node collaborative beam forming of the present invention, and the data of each sensor node perception all are under the control of leader cluster node, and the collaborative transmission of each node in bunch is jumped or multi-hop arrives aggregation node through one.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as schematic flow sheet of the present invention, comprise route foundation and two processes of transfer of data.
Set up in the process in described route, the same with traditional Routing Protocol, during network startup, the routing table of each leader cluster node all is blank, all can't be linked into aggregation node.So aggregation node sends a broadcast frame, represent the existence of oneself to contiguous leader cluster node.The leader cluster node that this moment is contiguous and bunch in each sensor node bunch can directly be linked into aggregation node with regard to clear and definite own place when receiving the broadcast frame that aggregation node sends, simultaneously by the channel estimator of physical layer the channel fading coefficient between itself and the next-hop node is estimated that the channel estimator here can adopt known channel estimation method to realize according to the signal that receives.The channel estimator of each node is directly submitted to network layer with the estimated channel fading coefficients, at this moment, leader cluster node just can directly be written to the channel fading coefficient in the channel fading coefficient sample set, and other sensor nodes are then encapsulated the channel fading coefficient and give the TX module and pass to leader cluster node by network layer.The channel estimation results of each node feedback in leader cluster node is collected bunch, and set up a channel fading coefficient sample set, and be that each next jumping leader cluster node is according to formula by the beam shaping vector computer of physical layer according to the channel fading coefficient
Design a collaborative beam forming vector, submit to network layer, wherein i is collaborative transmitting node sequence number, h
iBe the channel fading coefficient between i collaborative transmitting node and the receiving node, N is a bunch interior nodes number.Implementation method those skilled in the art of the beam shaping vector computer here can be referring to relevant patent and data.Network layer is written to the collaborative beam forming vector of calculating and the ID of aggregation node in the routing table.Through this bout, the contiguous leader cluster node of aggregation node has all been set up the path and the corresponding beam shaping vector of own cut-in convergent node, and has upgraded routing table, and all the other leader cluster nodes still can't be linked into aggregation node.
During second leg, can one jump to the outside own ID of broadcasting of leader cluster node that reaches aggregation node, expression is passed through and oneself can be arrived aggregation node.Reached aggregation node with regard to clear and definite oneself can jumping to through one when this moment, contiguous leader cluster node was received the ID of certain leader cluster node by this node, simultaneously they are also as the way of each leader cluster node in the first leg, collect each sensor node estimated channel fading coefficients, set up channel fading coefficient sample set, calculate the collaborative beam forming vector, the ID of record Next-Next-Hop leader cluster node and corresponding beam shaping vector in routing table.Through this second leg, some have all set up the path and the corresponding beam shaping vector of own cut-in convergent node from aggregation node leader cluster node far away, and upgraded routing table, it should be noted that these leader cluster nodes may obtain the path of many cut-in convergent nodes by a plurality of intermediate tufts head nodes.Through behind several bouts, each leader cluster node can both be set up a complete routing table, has obtained the path and the corresponding beam shaping vector of cut-in convergent node.
In data transmission procedure, leader cluster node at first table of query and routing obtains next ID that jumps leader cluster node and corresponding beam shaping vector, and with the encapsulation of ID and beam shaping vector give the TX module be transferred to bunch in each node, the route layer of each node extracts ID and beam shaping vector from the signal that receives, and ID is encapsulated in to transmit gives the TX module in the claim frame and work in coordination with emission with other nodes, the while is adjusted according to the amplitude and the phase place of the signal that the beam shaping vector is exported the TX module.If the leader cluster node of being chosen is idle, then feeds back an acknowledgement frame and connect; Otherwise leader cluster node or wait for a period of time once more to send and transmit claim frame, perhaps table of query and routing once more, the process above repeating is once sought a new path.With choose next jump after leader cluster node connects each node in being transferred to bunch by the TX module after the data encapsulation that leader cluster node just will send.The route layer of each node extracts data from the signal that receives, and data are encapsulated with ID give the TX module and work in coordination with emission with other nodes, according to the beam shaping vector amplitude and the phase place of the signal of TX module output are adjusted simultaneously.Next is jumped leader cluster node and accepts after the data the own routing table of inquiry again, repeats the work of the leader cluster node of original transmission data, and transmit in the path of a cut-in convergent node of searching and connect with its next-hop node.Transmit through several times in this way, in the aggregation node that data will be transmitted.
The above-mentioned embodiment that is used for illustrating the principle of the invention should not be regarded as limitation of the scope of the invention under any way.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and in the wireless sense network of any suitable laying, to realize principle of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1, in a kind of wireless sense network based on the cross-layer routing method of multi-node collaborative beam forming, it is characterized in which comprises at least that routing table is set up and two processes of transfer of data; Set up in the process in routing table, leader cluster node is set up routing table and is beam shaping vector of each next-hop node design; In data transmission procedure, all nodes in bunch are adjusted amplitude and phase place that oneself sends signal according to the beam shaping vector, and connect cooperative data transmission with next-hop node.
2, as in claim 1 described a kind of wireless sense network based on the cross-layer routing method of multi-node collaborative beam forming, it is characterized in that described routing table sets up the physical layer that process comprises each sensor node and carry out channel estimating according to the broadcast message of other leader cluster nodes that receive.
3, as in claim 1 described a kind of wireless sense network based on the cross-layer routing method of multi-node collaborative beam forming, it is characterized in that described routing table sets up the physical layer that comprises each sensor node in the process and give network layer with the estimated channel fading coefficients and encapsulate and feed back to leader cluster node.
4, as in claim 1 described a kind of wireless sense network based on the cross-layer routing method of multi-node collaborative beam forming, it is characterized in that described routing table is set up comprises in the process that the leader cluster node network layer collects the channel fading coefficient of each sensor node feedback, and sets up channel fading coefficient sample set.
5, as in claim 1 described a kind of wireless sense network based on the cross-layer routing method of multi-node collaborative beam forming, it is characterized in that described routing table is set up comprises in the process that the leader cluster node network layer gives physical layer with the channel fading coefficient sample set of collecting, computing system beam shaping vector, and jump leader cluster node ID with next and write routing table entry.
6, as in claim 1 described a kind of wireless sense network based on the cross-layer routing method of multi-node collaborative beam forming, it is characterized in that comprising in the described data transmission procedure that next jumping leader cluster node ID and corresponding beam shaping vector that leader cluster node will be chosen are encapsulated by network layer, give the output of TX module, be distributed to each sensor node.
7, as in claim 1 described a kind of wireless sense network based on the cross-layer routing method of multi-node collaborative beam forming, it is characterized in that comprising in the described data transmission procedure that each sensor node network layer goes out next from the extracting data of receiving and jumps leader cluster node ID and beam shaping vector, the encapsulate forwarded claim frame is given the TX module with the collaborative emission of other nodes, and adjusts the amplitude and the phase place of TX module output signal according to the beam shaping vector.
8, as in claim 1 described a kind of wireless sense network based on the cross-layer routing method of multi-node collaborative beam forming, it is characterized in that comprising in the described data transmission procedure that each sensor node network layer of step goes out the data that will transmit from the extracting data of receiving, and encapsulate and give the TX module, and adjust the amplitude and the phase place of TX module output signal according to the beam shaping vector with the collaborative emission of other nodes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100600560A CN101286934B (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2008-03-05 | Cross-layer routing method based on multi-node collaborative beam forming in wireless sensor network |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100600560A CN101286934B (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2008-03-05 | Cross-layer routing method based on multi-node collaborative beam forming in wireless sensor network |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101286934A true CN101286934A (en) | 2008-10-15 |
| CN101286934B CN101286934B (en) | 2010-12-29 |
Family
ID=40058913
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100600560A Expired - Fee Related CN101286934B (en) | 2008-03-05 | 2008-03-05 | Cross-layer routing method based on multi-node collaborative beam forming in wireless sensor network |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101286934B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101521926B (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-12-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Cooperative routing method for large-scale wireless distribution network |
| CN102860085A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-01-02 | 国际商业机器公司 | Adaptive wireless sensor network and method of routing data in a wireless sensor network |
| CN101729220B (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2013-06-05 | 电子科技大学 | Feedback method for cooperating relay transmission |
| US9357472B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2016-05-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adaptive wireless sensor network and method of routing data in a wireless sensor network |
| CN109361599A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-02-19 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of cooperation packet transmission plan based on cluster |
| CN113709880A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-26 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Service self-adaptive satellite beam hopping system resource allocation method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100536433C (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2009-09-02 | 上海大学 | Global energy balanced intellectualized algorism for routing wireless sensing network |
| CN101014013A (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2007-08-08 | 上海大学 | Reliability-based secure routing method of wireless sensor network |
-
2008
- 2008-03-05 CN CN2008100600560A patent/CN101286934B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101521926B (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-12-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Cooperative routing method for large-scale wireless distribution network |
| CN101729220B (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2013-06-05 | 电子科技大学 | Feedback method for cooperating relay transmission |
| CN102860085A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-01-02 | 国际商业机器公司 | Adaptive wireless sensor network and method of routing data in a wireless sensor network |
| US9357472B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 | 2016-05-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | Adaptive wireless sensor network and method of routing data in a wireless sensor network |
| CN109361599A (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-02-19 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of cooperation packet transmission plan based on cluster |
| CN113709880A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-26 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Service self-adaptive satellite beam hopping system resource allocation method |
| CN113709880B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-06-16 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Service self-adaptive satellite beam hopping system resource allocation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101286934B (en) | 2010-12-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Qureshi et al. | Optimized cluster-based dynamic energy-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks in agriculture precision | |
| CN101286934B (en) | Cross-layer routing method based on multi-node collaborative beam forming in wireless sensor network | |
| Al-Karaki et al. | Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey | |
| Conti et al. | Multihop ad hoc networking: The reality | |
| CN101729331B (en) | Clustering method and device, routing method and device of cluster head and base station | |
| CN102547942B (en) | Wireless sensor network intelligent gateway applied to greenhouse environment monitoring | |
| CN104410997B (en) | A kind of clustering topology construction method for wireless sensor network | |
| CN107205254B (en) | Mobile sink node access and interference rejection method and system based on tight delay constraint | |
| CN106131918A (en) | The associating Path selection of energy acquisition node and power distribution method in wireless sense network | |
| CN102064860A (en) | Information acquisition system based on Bluetooth Ad Hoc network | |
| CN105072661A (en) | Clustering multi-hop routing protocol of wireless sensor network | |
| CN101594281A (en) | Collecting network data of wireless sensor method, system and relevant device | |
| CN106817739A (en) | A kind of wireless sensor and actor networks based on mobile sink node Energy Efficient are by agreement | |
| Wu et al. | Energy efficient chain based routing protocol for orchard wireless sensor network | |
| CN103916928A (en) | Wireless sensor network uneven clustering topology monitoring method and device | |
| Jan et al. | Dependability and reliability analysis of intra cluster routing technique | |
| CN104661278B (en) | A kind of sub-clustering cooperative routing method based on evolutionary Game | |
| CN108811023A (en) | A kind of SWIPT cooperation communication system relay selection methods based on glowworm swarm algorithm | |
| CN112888020B (en) | Radio network user data transmission method based on time reversal | |
| CN104301903A (en) | Wireless sensor network cluster selection protocol for survivability analysis and on basis of coverage | |
| CN103188758A (en) | Energy saving method for wireless sensor network | |
| CN107612797A (en) | A kind of intelligent domestic system | |
| Agrawal et al. | Layered clustering routing protocol with overlapping cluster heads in WSN | |
| CN102802166A (en) | Improved Zigbee network lamination method | |
| CN108880708A (en) | Compressed sensing link quality estimation method based on intertidal zone wireless sensor network |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| ASS | Succession or assignment of patent right |
Owner name: CAS JIAXING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK ENGINEERING CE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: CAS JIAXING CENTER MICROSYSTEMS INTITUTE BRANCH CENTER Effective date: 20100205 |
|
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20100205 Address after: 2, building 1, No. 778 Asia Pacific Road, Nanhu District, Zhejiang, Jiaxing Province, China: 314000 Applicant after: Jiaxing Wireless Sensor Network Engineering Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Address before: A, building four, block JRC, Asia Pacific Road, Nanhu District, Zhejiang City, Jiaxing Province, China: 314000 Applicant before: Microsystem Inst. Branch Center, Jiaxing Center, CAS |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20101229 Termination date: 20180305 |