CN101193600A - 实施内窥镜或关节镜手术的钳子 - Google Patents

实施内窥镜或关节镜手术的钳子 Download PDF

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CN101193600A
CN101193600A CNA2006800205202A CN200680020520A CN101193600A CN 101193600 A CN101193600 A CN 101193600A CN A2006800205202 A CNA2006800205202 A CN A2006800205202A CN 200680020520 A CN200680020520 A CN 200680020520A CN 101193600 A CN101193600 A CN 101193600A
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body assembly
piston
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S·利夫内
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Bovie Medical Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1604—Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps
    • A61B17/1606—Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps of forceps type, i.e. having two jaw elements moving relative to each other
    • A61B17/1608—Chisels; Rongeurs; Punches; Stamps of forceps type, i.e. having two jaw elements moving relative to each other the two jaw elements being linked to two elongated shaft elements moving longitudinally relative to each other
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909—Handles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00017—Electrical control of surgical instruments
    • A61B2017/00137—Details of operation mode
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • A61B2017/00473—Distal part, e.g. tip or head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2901—Details of shaft
    • A61B2017/2902—Details of shaft characterized by features of the actuating rod
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29—Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B17/2909—Handles
    • A61B2017/2912—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2913—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston cams or guiding means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28—Surgical forceps
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    • A61B17/2909—Handles
    • A61B2017/2912—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2919—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston details of linkages or pivot points
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
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    • A61B2017/2912—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston
    • A61B2017/2919—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston details of linkages or pivot points
    • A61B2017/292—Handles transmission of forces to actuating rod or piston details of linkages or pivot points connection of actuating rod to handle, e.g. ball end in recess
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B2017/2926—Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2932—Transmission of forces to jaw members
    • A61B2017/2933—Transmission of forces to jaw members camming or guiding means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • A61B2017/2946—Locking means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B2017/347—Locking means, e.g. for locking instrument in cannula
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • A61B2090/033—Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin
    • A61B2090/034—Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin abutting on parts of the device itself
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/03—Automatic limiting or abutting means, e.g. for safety
    • A61B2090/033—Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin
    • A61B2090/034—Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin abutting on parts of the device itself
    • A61B2090/035—Abutting means, stops, e.g. abutting on tissue or skin abutting on parts of the device itself preventing further rotation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2218/00—Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2218/001—Details of surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body having means for irrigation and/or aspiration of substances to and/or from the surgical site
    • A61B2218/007—Aspiration

Abstract

用于实施内窥镜或关节镜手术的钳子包括主体组件、管组件和相对于主体枢转的一对把柄。管组件可去除地附着到主体组件上。管组件包括中空管和尖端组件。尖端组件包括用于实施手术的刀片。尖端组件和刀片通过绳缆连接到主体和刀片上。当把柄枢转时，绳缆滑入管内以移动刀片。当需要不同的管组件和其它类型的尖端组件时，所安装的就被除去并被所需的新的管组件或尖端组件代替。

Description

实施内窥镜或关节镜手术的钳子
本申请要求临时申请序列号为60/676,645和60/717,074的美国专利申请的优先权，该文献在此作为参考并入本文。
背景技术
今天的内窥镜和关节镜手术器械(endoscopic and arthroscopicsurgical instruments)包含多种不同的设计。例如，虽然所有的器械都被设计成能够实施相同的功能，但是每种器械都可具有不同的形状，以便为外科医生提供更好的途径来实施手术。例如，一对钳子可包括从一对把柄延伸的管。导片设置在管的一端以便实施手术。管在一对钳子的刀片附近向上弯曲，以便将病人身上的所需入口提供给外科医生来进行第一次切割。然而，如果外科医生需要在同一病人的不同部位实施第二次切割，外科医生就必须使用另外一对不同的钳子，钳子的管弯曲到不同取向。
基于以上方面，容易与手术室的目前实际情况联系起来，在手术室内必须以高成本保持大量特殊器械的存货。管理和维持此存货成本高且复杂。器械之间因缺乏灵活性而直接增大了每个手术成本，同时维持各种不同的器械需要训练有素的人员和无菌设施及容量。
附图说明
通过结合附图参考下面的详细描述，本发明的其它优点将更容易理解，其中：
图1是钳子的剖面侧视图；
图2是尖端组件的剖面侧视图，表示出绳索处于尾部位置，而尖端组件的尖端内的刀片处于闭合位置；
图3是尖端组件的剖面侧视图，表示出绳索处于前方位置，而刀片处于开放位置；
图4是管组件的剖面侧视图，其中刀片处于开放位置；
图5是刀片的剖面侧视图；
图6是沿图5的A-A面所作的刀片的剖面前视图；
图7是刀片的底视图；
图8是尖端的剖面侧视图；
图9是尖端的底视图；
图10是绳索的侧视图；
图11是绳索的底视图；
图12是绳索的侧视图，表示出绳索保持器装配到绳索的绳索端部；
图13是绳索的底视图，表示出绳索保持器装配到绳索的绳索端部；
图14是主体组件的剖面侧视图；
图15是主体组件的剖面前视图，表示出啮合管组件适配器的锁件；
图16是主体组件的剖面前视图，表示出压下的活塞和从管组件适配器上脱开的锁件；
图17是活塞的剖面侧视图；
图18是沿图17的A-A线所作的活塞的剖面前视图；
图19是锁件的顶视图；
图20是锁件的侧视图；
图21是锁件的剖面图；
图22是锁件的底视图；
图23是绳索保持器的顶视图；
图24是绳索保持器的剖面侧视图；
图25是绳索保持器的端视图；
图26是另一主体组件的剖面前视图，表示出活塞处于松弛位置，锁件与管组件的适配器啮合；
图27是图26的主体组件的剖面前视图，表示出活塞被压下，锁件与管组件的适配器脱开；
图28是抓取机构组件的部分剖面侧视图，表示出闭合位置的筒夹爪；
图29是抓取机构组件的部分剖面侧视图，表示出开放位置的筒夹爪；
图30是是抓取机构组件的部分剖面顶视图，表示出闭合位置的筒夹爪；
图31是抓取机构组件的部分剖面顶视图，表示出开放位置的筒夹爪；
图32是钳子的部分剖面侧视图，其中把柄闭合，管组件的刀片处于闭合位置；
图33是钳子的部分剖面侧视图，其中把柄开放，管组件的刀片处于开放位置；
图34是钳子的部分剖面侧视图，其中把柄伸展到加载位置，用于将管组件移动或插入主体组件；
图35是钳子的另一实施例的剖面侧视图，表示出插入主体组件的吸气单极电极；
图36是钳子的另一实施例的剖面侧视图，表示出插入主体组件的吸气双极电极；
图37是钳子的另一实施例的剖面侧视图，表示出插入主体组件的抓取组件的指部和电极柱；
图38是钳子的另一实施例的剖面侧视图，表示出抓住电极柱已将电极保持在主体组件内的抓取组件的指部；
图39是钳子的另一实施例的剖面侧视图，表示出插入主体组件的吸气电极。
具体实施方式
参照附图，在整个几个附图中相同的附图标记表示相同的部分，钳子通常用40表示。钳子40用于在内窥镜或关节镜类手术过程中实施多种操作过程。一种通用的操作过程是切割。然而，诸如，它们能够用来实施其它类操作过程例如抓取、操纵或烧蚀。
钳子40包括主体组件42、管组件46和一对对置的把柄48，50。把柄48，50包括上把柄48和下把柄50。把柄48，50与主体组件42枢转相连。把柄螺丝52将每个把柄固定到主体组件42上，但是允许把柄48，50枢转。聚四氟乙烯垫圈54介于每个把柄48，50与主体组件42之间，用于在相对于主体组件42枢转每个把柄48，50时减小摩擦。
管组件46，如图4所示，包括沿管轴DD在适配器58与尖端组件60之间延伸的中空管56。适配器58环绕管56并在环绕适配器58的槽63中限定出多个锁孔或凹痕62。管56和适配器58每个都限定出中空内部59。冲洗口66形成在适配器58中并从适配器58延伸。冲洗口66在适配器58的中空内部59限定出管路68，以便冲洗管组件46。绳缆70经销钉83与刀片90相连并穿过管组件46延伸到适配器58之外。
尖端组件60，如图2和3所示，从管56的远端71延伸，用于实施切割操作。绳缆70，如图10-13所示，穿过管56延伸并使尖端组件60与把柄48，50互连。绳缆70是平的或至少具有平坦的端部，其厚度为T，在刀片端部74与绳缆端部76之间延伸。刀片端部74设置在毗邻尖端组件60的主体134中(如图14所示)。绳缆端部76设置在主体组件42中，毗邻把柄48，50。绳缆70在每个刀片端部74和绳缆端部76之前渐减到减小的宽度W。刀片端部74从减小的宽度W延伸，并具有包括前斜刃78和顶刃79的通常为梯形的形状。刀片端部74限定出与前斜刃78对置并毗邻减小的宽度W的肩部80。刀片端部74限定出尖端销孔83。绳缆端部76具有从减小的宽度W延伸的通常为矩形的形状。绳缆端部76限定出剪切销孔84。绳缆保持器86，为了安装到绳缆端部76上，是具有圆形横截面的通常为子弹形的形状(如图23-25所示)。绳缆保持器86限定出剪切销孔84。狭槽85限定在绳缆保持器86中，尺寸至少等于绳缆70的厚度T。绳缆保持器86还限定出穿过狭槽85延伸的剪切销孔84。绳缆端部76的厚度T插入狭槽85内，剪切销孔84沿相同的轴对准。剪切销钉88穿过剪切销孔84插入，以将绳缆保持器86保持到绳缆端部76上。
尖端组件60包括刀片90和尖端92。刀片90，如图5-7所示，是相对于尖端92枢转以实施切割操作的单作用刀片90。然而，本发明并不局限于单作用刀片90，而还可以是双作用刀片90，甚至是爪，在此各个部件相对彼此枢转。刀片90是平的且通常为矩形形状。刀片90由底面94、上面96、前部98和后部100界定。刀片90的底面94限定出凹陷的切割区102。刀片90的上面96，与底面94和切割区102对置，向刀片90的前部98环行。圆形的上面96和凹陷的切割区102赋予刀片90“爪子”这样的外观。刀片90的后部100限定出伸入刀片90的刀片洞106，刀片90还限定出穿过刀片90和刀片洞106延伸的尖端销孔82和绳缆销孔83。最后，刀片90包括在底面94与上面96之间延伸的第一刀片止动件107和第二刀片止动件109。
参照图8和9，尖端92包括在圆柱形颈部110与切割部分112之间延伸的轴108。轴108具有直径H。颈部110具有小于轴108的直径H的外部直径D。颈部110限定出围绕颈部110的至少一个外部圆周槽114。颈部110在插入管56的远端71时被啮合，以便将尖端组件60保持到管56上。颈部110可通过诸如铜焊、激光焊接、粘合剂或焊接安装到轴108上。当轴108焊接到管56上时，焊接化合物就施加到槽114和表面110上。此外，在将颈部111插入管56的远端71之前粘合剂可施加到槽114和表面110上。作为另一实施例，颈部111可压合到管56的远端71内。切割部分112从轴108延伸，与颈部110对置。尖端92是用圆棒形成的，并包括顶面116，顶面116向前倾斜到切割部分112上，从而使切割部分112的高度小于轴108的直径H。切割部分112的宽度小于或等于轴108的直径H。切割部分112和一部分轴108限定出通常为矩形形状的切口118。颈部110和轴108限定出绳缆口120，绳缆口120伸入切口118，从而形成一个连续的尖端室122。切口118，在毗邻尖端92的前部124的位置，限定出前弯曲表面126。切口118，在毗邻颈部110和绳缆口120的位置，限定出后弯曲表面128。髋部130沿尖端92的底部形成在后弯曲表面128上，用于为绳缆70的肩部80提供止动件。
轴108，在毗邻切割部分112的位置，也限定出穿过轴108和中空内部59延伸的尖端销孔82。绳缆70的刀片端部74插入中空内部59，并且绳缆70的绳缆销孔83与刀片90对准。此外，刀片90的尖端销孔82与尖端92对准。刀片90装配到刀片端部74上，绳缆销钉132插穿对准的绳缆销孔83，以便将刀片枢转连接到绳缆70上。同样，通过将刀片插入尖端92的尖端销孔82与尖端销钉133之间的中空内部59，刀片90装配到尖端92上，尖端销钉133插穿对准的尖端销孔82，以便将刀片90枢转连接到尖端92上。由于尖端92直接与管56相连，因此尖端92仍然静止。当把柄48，50彼此相对移动时，由于在管56内部滑动绳缆70，导致刀片端部74向前/向后移到中空内部59，绳缆销孔83相对于仍旧静止的尖端销孔82向前/向后滑动。因此，绳缆销孔83相对于固定的尖端销孔82的移动，导致刀片90绕尖端销钉133枢转，同时将切割部件移到尖端92的中空内部59中和从其中移出。切割部件相对于切割表面的移动能够使切割操作发生。
主体组件42，如图14所示，包括主体134和从主体134延伸的臂136。主体组件42限定出沿公共轴穿过主体134和臂136延伸的通道138。主体134沿通道138限定出圆形室140。臂136沿通道138限定出也是圆形的筒夹室142。筒夹室142的直径小于室140的直径，并延伸到螺旋部分143和锁定的螺母197。支座144形成在臂136的外部上，用于为每个把柄48，50提供止动件。主体组件42包括限定出伸向开口148的螺旋孔146的上面96。开口148在锁定轴BB上的螺旋孔146与室140之间延伸。
锁件150设置在开口148中。锁件150包括大小适合配合到开口148内的基底152。锁销154从基底152悬垂，用于啮合管组件46上的相应锁定槽62。从基底152的顶部158附近向锁销154倾斜的锁定斜坡156形成在基底152的相反侧面上。主体134也限定出与开口148交叉的锁孔160。弹簧帽162与螺旋孔146螺旋啮合，弹簧帽162将弹簧164压缩和限制在弹簧帽162与锁件150之间，以便将锁件150向室140偏置。弹簧帽162可限定出用于接收一部分弹簧164的小孔199。此外，锁件150可限定出用于接收一部分弹簧164的弹簧凹坑159。弹簧凹坑159和小孔199在弹簧压缩和释放时有助于将弹簧164维持在这个位置。
释放活塞166，如图15-18所示，包括设置在头部170与端部172之间的活塞杆168。活塞杆168设置在沿活塞轴BB的锁孔160中。活塞杆168通常是棒状并限定出穿过活塞杆168和活塞斜坡174延伸的狭槽177，狭槽177形成在活塞杆168上，毗邻端部172并向端部172倾斜。当活塞166设置在锁孔160中时，活塞斜坡174与锁定斜坡156对置，锁定斜坡156将力施加到沿锁定轴AA的活塞斜坡174上。锁定斜坡156和活塞斜坡174沿两个相反方向相对于活塞轴(侧向轴)BB倾斜，以使活塞斜坡174与锁定斜坡156的表面对置并滑动啮合锁定斜坡156的表面。
当释放活塞166沿活塞轴AA压向主体134时，活塞斜坡174沿锁定斜坡156移动并将锁件150沿锁定轴BB从活塞166向上推开。当这种情况发生时，锁销154就从管组件46的锁定槽62中脱开。当锁销154从锁定槽62中脱开时，管组件46就在主体134的室140内自由旋转，并使不同的锁定槽62与锁销154对准。由于尖端组件60与管组件46的管56之间固定连接，尖端组件60与整个管组件46一起旋转。因此，如果相对于主体组件42和把柄48，50，需要尖端组件60的不同径向取向，那么管组件46就经锁销154旋转并锁定到优选的取向上。当活塞166释放时，从锁定弹簧164施加于锁件150的力就导致锁销154自动啮合锁定槽62。
为了提高外科医生抓取主体134来使用释放活塞166从而用一只手释放管组件46的能力，在与释放活塞166的头部170对置的锁定轴AA上，帽173形成在主体134上(如图26和27所示)。帽173覆盖释放活塞166的端部172，以便当外科医生抓住主体134时，一个手指能够驻留在帽173上，另一个手指能够驻留在头部170上。这允许外科医生沿锁定轴AA将头部170向帽173挤压，以便用一只手释放锁销154。
抓取组件175包括筒夹176和茎干178。筒夹176包括筒夹壳180和从筒夹壳180延伸的爪181。筒夹壳180通常为圆形，并限定出用于接收一部分茎干178的茎干口182。茎干口182穿过筒夹壳180伸入爪内。爪181包括从筒夹壳180延伸以便能够抓取绳缆端部限制器86的两个或更多个指部184。在“松弛”位置，指部184从筒夹壳180分歧(如图29和31所示)。当指部184设置在筒夹室142内部时，指部184就被筒夹室142“限制”，以便它们以通常平行的关系130从筒夹壳180延伸(如图28和30所示)，并抓取和保持安装到绳缆70上的绳缆端部限制器86。当管组件46插入主体134且指部184在筒夹室142内部时，绳缆端部限制器86就啮合并保持绳缆端部76并被保持在筒夹176内。茎干178包括茎干轴190和一对以相隔及平行的关系从茎干178延伸的茎干臂192。茎干臂192每个限定出沿同一轴对准的茎干孔194。
当抓取组件175设置在筒夹室142内时，阻尼弹簧195就包围筒夹室142内部的茎干轴190。阻尼弹簧195位于筒夹壳180与螺旋螺母197之间。据此，当抓取组件175在筒夹室142内向后拉时，阻尼弹簧195就压缩在筒夹壳180与螺旋螺母197之间。当抓取组件175释放时，阻尼弹簧195就压迫抓取组件175在筒夹室142中向前滑动并打开把柄48，50。
顶部链环196和底部链环198用来使茎干178和上下把柄48，50互连。每个链环在其对置的两端限定出链环孔204和茎干孔194。每个把柄48，50限定出链环孔204。顶部和底部链环198插入茎干178的臂之间，顶部和底部链环198的茎干孔194与茎干臂192的茎干孔194对准。茎干螺丝208穿过所有的茎干孔194插入，以便将链环196，198保持在茎干臂192上，同时允许链环196，198相对于把柄48，50枢转。顶部链环196的链环孔204与上把柄48的链环孔204对准。链环螺丝200穿过链环孔204插入，同时允许顶部链环196相对于上把柄48枢转。底部链环198的链环孔204与下把柄50的链环孔204对准。链环螺丝200穿过链环孔204插入，同时允许底部链环198相对于下把柄50枢转。
参照图34，将管组件46加载和卸载到主体组件42内是通过以下方式容易地实现的：将上下把柄48，50伸展开即彼此拉开，以便链环96，98使得茎干178将指部184和绳缆端部保持器186一路推入主体室140(如图34所示)。当筒夹176的指部184和绳缆端部保持器186进入主体室140时，指部184和绳缆端部保持器186不再受筒夹室142的限制不再啮合绳缆端部76，如果管组件46已经加载到主体组件42内的话。如果活塞166也压下并且锁销154不再啮合锁定槽62，那么管组件46可从主体42中取出。
参照图33，当上下把柄48，50闭合即向彼此推拉时，链环196，198导致茎干178将指部184和绳缆端部保持器86推入筒夹室142。每个指部184上的斜坡188沿位于主体室140与筒夹室142之间的阶梯206骑行。由于筒夹室142的直径小于主体134的室140的直径，因此斜坡188和阶梯206合作以便将指部184闭合到绳缆端部保持器86上。当绳缆端部保持器186被抓住时，如果管组件46插入主体组件42，则绳缆端部保持器186就拉绳缆端部76。
同样，把柄48，50彼此相对的移动使得刀片90相对于尖端组件60中的尖端92移动。然而，把柄48，50不象将管组件46从主体组件42上加载和卸载时伸展得那么开。因此，当把柄48，50移开时(如图33所示)，链环196，198导致茎干178将指部184推向筒夹室142，从而又将绳缆70向前推穿过管56。当绳缆70在管56中向前移动时，绳缆端部70和刀片90在绳缆销孔83处，在尖端组件60中向前滑动。然而，由于刀片90经尖端销孔82仍然仅仅与尖端92枢转相连，因此刀片90从尖端92的中空内部59中旋转出来。同样，当把柄48，50一起移动时，如图32所示，链环196，198导致茎干178将指部184在管56中向后拉。当绳缆70在管56中向后移动时，绳缆端部76和刀片90，在绳缆销孔83处于尖端组件60中向后滑动。据此，刀片90通过围绕尖端销钉133枢转而旋转到尖端92的中空内部59。
钳子40内有四个止动件，这些止动件操作以限制刀片90相对于尖端92旋转。首先，当把柄48，50闭合时，主体组件42上的止动件144限制把柄48，50的行进，从而限制刀片90进入尖端组件60的尖端92的量。其次，尖端92的后弯曲表面128上的髋部130为绳缆70的肩部80提供止动件，以限制刀片90的行进和避免刀片90的切割区102穿过尖端92延伸。第三，绳缆70的前斜刃78与第一刀片止动件107配合，以限制刀片90的行进和刀片90相对于尖端92的闭合。第四个包括的机械止动件是当刀片90上的刀片止动件109接触绳缆70上的顶部边缘79时(如图3所示)，用于将刀片90相对于尖端92的开放限制到通常不大于50-60度的角度CC(如图3所示)。
将绳缆端部76保持到绳缆保持器86上的剪切销钉88具有比尖端销钉133和绳缆销钉132低的剪切力。这意味着，如果由于移动把柄48，50而将太大的力施加到整个管组件46上，那么剪切销钉88将破裂，而尖端销钉133和绳缆销钉132则不会。这一点是重要的，因为剪切销钉88在主体室140内部并且在剪切销钉88应该破裂的外科手术过程中不会导致任何松动部分意外地进入病人体内。
参照图35和36，这些图中表示出钳子240的另一实施例。钳子240适合包括电极组件241诸如吸入式烧蚀电极组件241来代替管组件46。电极组件241包括在适配器258与烧蚀端部243之间延伸的中空管256。适配器258环绕管256并限定出环绕适配器258的多个锁孔262和槽263。把手259从适配器258延伸，用于供使用者抓取以旋转电极组件241。管256和适配器258每个限定出中空内部270。冲洗孔266形成在适配器258上并从其中延伸。冲洗孔266在适配器258的中空内部270限定出管路268，用于通过从发生手术操作的身体区域抽吸或泵吸流体来冲洗管组件246。至少一个管256在烧蚀端部243与适配器258的锁孔262及槽263之间延伸。当仅有一个电极245时，电极组件241是单极电极组件241(如图35所示)。对于单极电极组件241，正电源经过电极245，负电源或地线附着到地垫上，以便电能经过病人进入地垫。此电力用于切割、密封、烧蚀和凝结。
然而，当有两个电源给予尖端243施加电能时，电极组件241就是双极电极组件241(如图36所示)。在双极电极组件241中，电源插头248代替弹簧帽162，其中电源插头248限定出内轴，该内轴为引线249提供穿过电源插头248进入主体134以便在两个良好分离的地点接触适配器58的通道。引线249然后延伸到电极尖端243，在此处每个引线给尖端243的单独绝缘部分充电。绝缘区域之间的放电用于进行双极切割、密封、烧蚀和凝结。此外，为了使电极245冷却，使盐水通过冲洗孔266，穿过中空管256，穿出或穿入烧蚀端243。需要盐水提供有效的组织烧蚀并避免电极245熔化。虽然盐水是作为冷却剂公开的，但是本发明不限于使用盐水，因为也可以使用其它任何种类的冷却剂，只要其使得电极245充分冷却以及组织烧蚀即可。
如图37和38所示，当使用电极组件241时，就不需要把柄48，50的铰式接合。因此，电机组件241也包括从适配器258延伸并模拟绳缆端部86的延伸部251。为了将电极组件241装配到主体组件42上，把柄48，50分开并处于开放位置。当把柄48，50处于开放位置时，链环196，198导致茎干178将指部184在筒夹室142中向前推(如图37所示)。然后，柱体251插入指部184之间，并且把柄48，50闭合。闭合把柄48，50导致茎干178将指部184在筒夹室142中向后拉并围绕延伸部251(如图38所示)。这样有效地将电极组件241锁定到主体组件42上，并且还保持把柄48，50固定和闭合，以便外科医生在手术过程中能够抓住把柄48，50，从而灵活操纵电极组件214。为了使外科医生与通过电极组件214的电能进一步绝缘，茎干178和主体134用塑料或一些其它绝缘型材料形成。然而，把柄48，50可以用任何类型的金属或其它类型的非绝缘材料制成，因为把柄是通过用非传导材料制成或构成的主体与电极组件214绝缘的。
或者是，参照图39，当使用电极组件214时，电极组件214也包括从适配器258延伸、直径至少稍稍小于筒夹室142的直径的轴干253。为了将电极组件241装配到主体组件42上，把柄48，50分开并处于开放位置。当把柄48，50处于开放位置时，链环196，198导致茎干178将指部184在筒夹室142中向前推。当电极组件241插入主体组件42时，轴干253就压到指部184上，从而在轴干253也进入筒夹室142时压迫指部184进入筒夹室142。这样也导致把柄48，50闭合。电极组件241借助啮合电极组件241的锁定槽262的锁销154锁定到主体组件42内。
鉴于上述教导，可以对本发明作出许多修改和变型。此外，权利要求中的附图标记仅仅是为了方便起见，不能解读为具有任何限定意义。

Claims (26)

1.一种用于保持管组件(46)的适配器(58)的主体组件(42)，所述主体组件(42)包括：
具有轴向孔(140)的壳体(134)，所述壳体(134)包括顶面(96)，所述顶面(96)限定出沿一个轴(BB)延伸并向所述轴向孔(140)开放的横向孔(148)，所述壳体(134)限定出沿一个锁定轴(AA)延伸的侧向孔(160)，所述侧向孔(160)与所述横向孔(148)相交，
设置在所述横向孔(148)中的锁件(150)，所述锁件(150)包括锁定触点(156)和与所述锁定触点(156)轴向相隔的锁销(154)，
包括活塞杆(168)的活塞(166)，所述活塞杆(168)设置在所述侧向孔(160)中并与所述横向孔(148)相交，所述活塞杆(168)包括活塞触点(174)，所述活塞触点(174)与所述锁件(150)的所述锁定触点(156)滑动交界，以便在所述活塞(166)沿所述锁定轴(AA)移动时将力施加于所述锁定触点(156)上，以及使所述锁销(154)沿所述活塞轴(BB)移动并移到所述轴向孔(140)内，借此啮合所述适配器(58)并将所述管组件(46)保持到所述主体组件(42)内。
2.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述活塞触点(174)还包括相对于所述活塞轴(BB)倾斜的活塞斜坡(174)，所述锁定触点(156)与所述活塞斜坡(174)滑动交界，以便在所述锁定触点(156)沿所述活塞斜坡(174)滑动时沿所述活塞轴(BB)移动所述锁销(154)。
3.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述锁定触点(156)进一步被限定为与所述活塞斜坡(174)对置的相对于所述活塞轴(BB)倾斜的锁定斜坡(156)，所述活塞斜坡(174)和所述锁定斜坡(156)滑动交界。
4.如权利要求3所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述锁定斜坡(156)沿与所述活塞轴(BB)成第一角度的方向倾斜，所述活塞斜坡(174)沿与所述活塞轴(BB)成第二角度的方向倾斜。
5.如权利要求4所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述第一角度和所述第二角度相等，所述锁定斜坡(156)包括锁定斜坡(156)表面，所述活塞斜坡(174)包括活塞斜坡(174)表面，所述两个表面滑动接触。
6.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述活塞杆(168)限定出狭槽(177)，所述锁件(150)的锁销(154)穿过所述狭槽(177)延伸。
7.如权利要求6所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述锁件(150)进一步包括基底(152)，所述基底(152)穿过所述狭槽(177)移动延伸，所述锁销(154)和所述锁定触点(156)位于所述活塞杆(168)的对置两侧上。
8.如权利要求7所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述活塞触点(174)进一步被限定为相对于所述活塞轴(BB)倾斜的活塞斜坡(174)，所述锁定触点(156)与所述活塞斜坡(174)滑动交界，以便在所述锁定触点(156)沿所述活塞斜坡(174)滑动时使所述锁销(154)沿所述活塞轴(BB)移动。
9.如权利要求8所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述活塞斜坡(174)进一步被限定为形成在所述活塞杆(168)上，从而限定出V形缺口。
10.如权利要求9所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述活塞斜坡(174)进一步被限定为在所述狭槽(177)平行的对置两侧上形成于所述活塞杆(168)中的一对活塞斜坡(174)。
11.如权利要求10所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述锁定触点(156)进一步被限定为与所述相应活塞斜坡(174)滑动交界的一对锁定触点(156)。
12.如权利要求11所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述锁定触点(156)进一步被限定为相对于所述活塞轴(BB)平行倾斜并与所述活塞斜坡(174)对置的一对锁定斜坡(156)。
13.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述横向孔(148)和所述侧向孔(160)通常是垂直的。
14.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述横向孔(148)和所述轴向孔(140)通常是垂直的。
15.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述活塞(166)进一步包括从所述活塞杆(168)延伸的头部(170)，以便推动所述头部(170)，进而使所述活塞(166)沿所述锁定轴(AA)移动。
16.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，还包括附着到所述主体的所述顶面(96)上的弹簧帽(162)，所述弹簧帽(162)用于覆盖横向孔(148)，以便将所述锁件(150)保持在所述横向孔(148)内。
17.如权利要求16所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，还包括置于所述弹簧帽(162)与所述锁件(150)之间的弹簧，所述弹簧将力沿所述活塞轴(BB)施加于所述锁件(150)上，从而在使所述活塞(166)沿所述锁定轴(AA)移动时将所述锁销(154)偏置到所述轴向孔(140)内并阻抗所述活塞(166)。
18.如权利要求17所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述锁件(150)限定出与所述锁销(154)对置的弹簧凹坑(159)，一部分所述弹簧驻留在所述弹簧凹坑(159)中以便使所述弹簧嵌套在所述锁件内。
19.如权利要求17所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述弹簧帽(162)限定出小孔(199)，一部分所述弹簧驻留在所述小孔(199)中以便使所述弹簧嵌套在所述弹簧帽(162)内。
20.如权利要求16所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述弹簧帽(162)进一步包括电极(249)，外部电源与接触所述锁件(150)的所述电极(249)连接，从而将电流传输过所述锁销(154)并进入管组件(46)。
21.如权利要求20所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，进一步包括第二电极(249)，所述第二电极(249)用于将双极电流传输过所述锁销(154)并进入管组件(46)。
22.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述活塞(166)进一步包括端部(172)，螺丝帽(179)设置在所述端部(172)上，用于将所述活塞(166)保持在所述侧向孔(160)内。
23.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，还包括从所述主体延伸并覆盖所述侧向孔(160)的帽(173)，以便用一只手抓住所述主体组件(42)并使所述活塞(166)沿所述锁件移动。
24.如权利要求1所述的主体组件(42)，其特征在于，所述主体是用绝缘材料形成的，从而将所述主体与电流隔离。
25.一种用于保持管组件(46)的绳索(70)的主体组件(42)，所述主体组件(42)包括：
壳体(134)，所述壳体(134)限定出沿管轴(DD)延伸的孔(142)，
设置在所述孔(142)内以便沿所述管轴(DD)在所述孔(142)内滑动的抓取组件(175)，
所述抓取组件(175)包括多个指部(184)，所述指部(184)能够于所述指部(184)设置在所述孔(142)中时的闭合位置和所述指部(184)在所述孔(142)外部时的开放位置之间移动，以便响应所述抓取组件(175)和所述指部(184)沿所述管轴(DD)的滑动，抓住并释放管组件(46)的保持端(251)。
26.一种用于附着到主体组件(42)上的尖端组件，所述尖端组件包括：
限定出绳缆开口(120)的杆(108)，所述绳缆开口(120)沿管轴(DD)延伸，所述杆(108)限定出穿过所述杆(108)延伸并与所述绳缆开口(120)相交的尖端室(122)，所述杆(108)包括髋部(130)，
枢转地附着到所述杆(108)上用于实施切割操作的刀片(90)，
绳缆(70)，所述绳缆(70)沿所述管轴(DD)滑动设置并伸入所述杆(108)的所述绳缆开口(120)，以便使所述绳缆(70)在所述杆(108)上沿所述管轴(DD)滑动，
从所述绳缆(70)延伸的绳缆端部(74)，所述绳缆端部(74)枢转地附着到所述刀片(90)上，以便在所述绳缆(70)滑向所述刀片(90)时相对于所述杆(108)打开所述刀片(90)，在所述绳缆(70)从所述刀片(90)滑离时相对于所述杆(108)闭合所述刀片(90)，
从所述绳缆端部(74)突起、用于在所述绳缆(70)沿所述管轴(DD)移动时限制所述绳缆(70)的行进的肩部(80)。
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