CN101171578B - 带自动总线检测的多协议现场设备接口 - Google Patents

带自动总线检测的多协议现场设备接口 Download PDF

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CN101171578B
CN101171578B CN2006800149715A CN200680014971A CN101171578B CN 101171578 B CN101171578 B CN 101171578B CN 2006800149715 A CN2006800149715 A CN 2006800149715A CN 200680014971 A CN200680014971 A CN 200680014971A CN 101171578 B CN101171578 B CN 101171578B
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CN101171578A (zh
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奥尔登·C·罗素二世
师图尔·A·哈里斯
马科斯·佩卢素
戴尔·W·博格松
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Fisher Rosemount Systems Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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    • G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
    • G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
    • G06F13/382—Information transfer, e.g. on bus using universal interface adapter
    • G06F13/387—Information transfer, e.g. on bus using universal interface adapter for adaptation of different data processing systems to different peripheral devices, e.g. protocol converters for incompatible systems, open system
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
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    • G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
    • G05B2219/25014—Fieldbus general name of bus connected to machines, detectors, actuators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
    • G05B2219/25217—Configure communication protocol, select between several

Abstract

一种用于使现场设备(12)耦合至通用计算机(14)的多协议接口(10)。所述接口(10)包括测量电路(32)，用以执行所连接的过程通信回路(16)上的多个测量，以确定过程通信回路的类型。然后，若所述接口(10)包括与所测得的回路类型匹配的协议接口模块(26，28)，则可以启用该协议接口模块(26，28)。还提供一种用于把现场设备(12)耦合至通用计算机(14)的方法(100)。按照一种方案，若所述接口(10)确定过程通信回路(16)未被供电，则用来自通用计算机(14)的电能对该回路(16)供电。

Description

带自动总线检测的多协议现场设备接口
技术领域
一般地说，本发明涉及用于把现场设备耦合至通用计算机的多协议接口，特别涉及一种带自动总线检测的多协议现场设备接口，以及一种使用多协议接口把现场设备耦合至通用计算机的方法。
背景技术
工业中使用现场设备控制比如炼油等的过程操作。现场设备，如变送器，通常是过程通信回路的一部分，并位于现场中，以测量并且向控制室装置发送过程变量，比如压力、流量或温度。譬如阀控制器之类的现场设备，也是过程控制回路的一部分，并且根据经过程控制回路接收到的或者内部产生的控制信号控制阀的位置。其他类型的控制器比如控制电机或螺线管。控制室装置也是过程通信回路的一部分，使得控制室中的操作员或计算机能够根据从现场中的变送器接收到的过程变量监测过程，并通过向适宜的控制设备发送控制信号，从而控制过程。过程通信回路有时包括便携式通信机，它能够监测并在过程通信回路上发送信号。通常，这种便携式通信机用于对形成过程通信回路的现场设备进行配置。有如这里所用的那样，术语“过程通信回路”是指携带过程信号的任何物理连接和介质，而不考虑这样的连接是否形成实际的回路。因此，过程通信回路可以是
Figure G2006800149715D00011
或FOUNDATIONTM现场总线段，尽管这样的段不是严格意义上的回路。
随着低功率微处理器的出现，现场设备经历了明显的变化。多年前，现场设备仅测量特定的过程变量，比如温度，并产生模拟指示，这种模拟指示的形式是在4和20(mA)之间变化的电流，用以指示所测量的温度。当前，许多现场设备采用数字通信技术以及更为复杂的控制和通信技术。现场设备通常采用低功率电子设备，这是因为在许多安装中，它们仍需要以小到4mA的电流而运行。这样的设计就要求禁止使用多种商业上可用的微处理器电路。然而，甚至是低功率微处理器，也是能够针对这种现场设备的多种功能的。
以上述这种微处理器为基础的现场设备的适用性有很大的增加。这种现场设备有时被称作“智能的”。用于配置、测试和诊断这些智能现场设备的软件应用程序的适用性也有很大的增加。通常，使用通用计算设备(如个人计算机(PC)或便携式膝上计算机)和智能现场设备之间的调制解调器来实现与所述计算设备的连接。存在大量的过程通信协议，支持各种过程控制任务，如
Figure G2006800149715D00021
FOUNDATIONTM现场总线、
Figure G2006800149715D00022
和Profibus协议。此外，相同的过程装置中使用多个通信协议也是常见的。
在美国专利6,839,790中，可以找到一种用于把通用计算设备耦合至具有各种过程通信协议的过程通信网络技术。该专利提出一种包括可重新配置的电路的接口设备，所述可重新配置的电路提供对于若干可选现场总线网络中的所选现场总线网络的访问。然而，该专利所教导的技术通常需要用户具有对其所连接的现场总线的具体类型的先验知识。因此，如果用户希望连接至Profibus网络，则用户必须知晓该选择，而且该接口会对其自身进行重新配置。然而，如果用户不知晓所使用的过程通信协议的类型，或者用户的选择是错误的，则该接口将会开始使用与实际使用的协议不兼容的协议去进行通信。这可能引起危险的信令电平，其可能损坏或者以其他方式对过程控制回路上的通信造成恶化；损坏或者以其他方式对接口模块自身造成恶化，或者可能干扰过程控制回路的正常工作。
发明内容
本发明公开一种用于把现场设备耦合至通用计算机的多协议接口。所述接口包括回路测量电路，该电路执行所连接过程通信回路上的多种测量，以确定过程通信回路的类型。然后，如果所述接口包括与所检测到的回路类型匹配的协议接口模块，则可以启用该协议接口模块。本发明还提供一种用于把现场设备耦合至通用计算机的方法。按照一种方案，若所述接口确定过程通信回路未被供电，则用来自通用计算机的电能对该回路供电。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种实施例用于把现场设备耦合至通用计算设备的多协议接口的概略示意图；
图2是本发明实施例的调制解调器模块18的框图；
图3是本发明实施例使用多协议过程通信模块把通用计算机耦合至过程通信回路的方法流程图；
图4是本发明实施例把通用计算机耦合至过程通信回路的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
图1是本发明一种实施例用于把现场设备耦合至通用计算设备的多协议接口的概略示意图。多协议接口10把现场设备12耦接至以膝上计算机为例示出的通用计算设备14。多协议接口10与现场设备12之间的耦接可以通过直接连接来实现，例如通过现场设备内的配线端子，或者通过过程通信回路16来实现。多协议接口10包括被配置成为耦接至过程通信回路的网络连接电路18，以及被配置为耦接至通用计算设备14的连接器模块20。连接器模块20可以包括用于连接至计算机14的任何适宜形式的连接器。所述适宜的例子包括但不限于，通用串行总线(USB)连接、标准串行连接(如采用DB9或DB25连接器的连接)、并行连接、PCMCIA连接、PCI连接，以及火线连接。在连接器模块20包含与通用计算设备14的有线连接情况下的本发明实施例中，优选的做法是通过有线通信接口对多协议接口10供电。还可以将本发明的实施例实践为，多协议接口模块10与通用计算设备14之间的数据通信是无线连接的。适宜的无线连接示例包括：红外通信、蓝牙通信，以及WIFI通信(如IEEE 802.11b或IEEE 802.11g)。此外，随着通用计算设备技术的发展，可以使用适于通用计算机的任意适宜的数据通信来实践本发明的实施例一不论是当前已知的还是之后开发的。
图2是本发明实施例的网络连接电路18的框图。正如所表示的那样，网络连接电路18包括微处理器38，它被配置为通过线路46耦接至连接模块20(图1所示)。所述电路18还包括耦接至微处理器38的模数转换器36。转换器36通过控制逻辑34耦接至测量电路32。微处理器38还耦接至外部数据总线40，它通过该总线40与只读存储器42和随机存取存储器44实现交互。通过数据总线40，微处理器38还能与第一协议接口模块26和协议接口模块28实现交互。每一个模块26和28都被设计为根据标准过程通信协议而进行通信。例如，第一协议接口模块26可以被配置为根据
Figure G2006800149715D00041
协议而通信，而第二协议接口模块28被配置为根据FOUNDATIONTM现场总线协议而通信。另外，虽然图2示出一对模块，但本发明的实施例可以通过采用三个或更多个该协议接口模块而得到实践。每一个协议接口模块允许根据其各自的过程通信协议而进行通信。
如上所述，如果过程控制回路上的协议接口模块的类型错误，则不兼容的信号电平、数据干扰或者其他所不希望有的影响都会减弱过程通信网络的通信能力，或者甚至会损坏有关设备。按照本发明的实施例，所述网络连接电路18包括回路测量电路32。如图2所示，模块18包括一对端子50、52，其中的每一个被耦接至协议接口模块26和28中的每一个，并耦接至回路测量电路32。使用回路测量电路32，就使得在启用协议接口模块26或28之一之前，能够使网络连接电路18对所连接的过程通信回路进行各种测量。
优选的是，多协议接口10的电路便于符合固有安全要求。符合固有安全要求意味着符合比如下述标准中的一个或更多部分的固有安全规范：1998年由Factory Mutual Research颁布的，题为APPROVALSTANDARD INTRINSICALLY SAFE APPARATUS AND ASSOCIATED APPARATUSFOR USE IN CLASS I，II AND III，DIVISION 1 HAZARDOUS(CLASSIFIED)LOCATIONS，CLASS NUMBER 3610。
当以过程操作控制回路时，接口10必须不吸入(sink)或者放出(source)直流电流(DC)。为了满足针对FOUNDATIONTM现场总线的固有安全要求，接口10必须不会向过程控制回路注入任何能量。由于这两个协议具有两种基本不同的(且发生冲突的)通信方式，所以，接口10的电路必须不吸入
Figure G2006800149715D00043
过程控制回路中的电流，也不能向FOUNDATIONTM现场总线段注入能量(施加电压)。
如图2所示，网络连接电路18包括回路测量电路32，它包括一个或多个单独的测量信号调整电路。优选的是，电路32包括能够从网络吸入(sink)小幅度短时间电流的电路。按照另一实施例，电路32可以包括三个或更多个单独的测量调整电路，其对FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络连接器上的电压信号进行缩放，以测量DC电压、通信信号幅度以及网络或回路的噪声。测量电路32还可以包括测量网络上的DC电压的测量电路。这些各种信号调整电路全部对控制逻辑块34进行馈给。控制逻辑块34包括连接至模数转换器36的复用器。微处理器38通过总线40来访问控制逻辑块34。尽管图2示出微处理器38与转换器36之间的连接与数据总线40是分离的，但本发明的实施例能够以转换器36通过任意适合的外部总线(包括串行外设总线(SPI))耦合至微处理器38而得以实践。当接口10被首次开启或供电时，微处理器38命令模数转换器36监测网络连接端子50和52上的DC电压。在这样的状态期间，接口10不会以任何方式(即吸入/放出电流或施加电压)而干扰网络(也被称作过程控制回路)。如果不存在网络连接，则在回路连接上测得的电压将会接近于零。当过程控制回路耦合至端子50和52时，将会测量DC电压。
Figure G2006800149715D00051
过程控制回路将导致对约为12和50伏特之间的直流电压进行测量，而FOUNDATIONTM现场总线回路连接将导致对9和32伏特之间的直流电压进行测量。一旦识别出直流电压，则测量极性，以确定回路连接引线是否为正确的连接。具体地说，如果公共引线50和引线52之间测量到的直流电压的极性为负，则意味着回路连接引线被颠倒。这时，微处理器38优选地发送消息告知用户必须颠倒回路连接引线。按照一种实施例，当接口10确定极性颠倒时，接口10确保当稍后启用协议接口模块时该模块将以如下方式被启用：使用接口电路自动地修正颠倒的极性。仅使用在接入每一个协议接口单元前对端子进行颠倒的开关来实现这个修正。然而，可以使用其他形式的电路和/或方法来自动地修正极性。
如上所述，
Figure G2006800149715D00052
和FOUNDATIONTM现场总线过程通信回路上所使用的工作直流电压之间存在交迭。因此，单独的直流电压不能用于可靠地指示设备10所连接的回路的类型。为了确定回路的类型，接口10使用测量电路32对过程控制回路的直流阻抗进行实际测量(优选的是具有合理的直流电压和正确的引线极性)。接口10通过在很短时间内(比如5毫秒)吸入小量电流(比如1mA)来测量网络DC阻抗，然后测量过程通信回路上所产生的电压脉冲的形状和幅度。这种干扰产生了沿着过程控制回路的电压脉冲，它与过程控制回路自身的直流阻抗成比例。
Figure G2006800149715D00061
和FOUNDATIONTM现场总线过程控制回路之间存在有区别的阻抗范围。接口10响应其产生的干扰而观察到的信号还包含可以出现在过程控制回路上的任何
Figure G2006800149715D00062
或FOUNDATIONTM现场总线通信信号。使用适宜的低通滤波器对通信信号自身进行滤波，从而设备10仅观察到短持续时间脉冲的影响。模数转换器36测量有关的干扰的幅度，以便根据该电压测量而确定网络的类型。FOUNDATIONTM现场总线网络具有所计算的约为50欧姆的阻抗。网络具有所计算的大于约125欧姆的阻抗。如果所检测到的网络或过程控制回路的类型符合协议接口模块26或28之一，则可以通过启用相应的协议接口模块而进行通信。
图3是本发明实施例使用多协议过程通信模块把通用计算机耦合至过程通信回路的方法流程图。当多协议接口首次加电时，方法100从块102处开始。可以在接口被首次耦合至通用计算机并从计算机接收电操作能量时执行这一步骤；或者在用户启用接口模块上的开关或其他适合的对象开启该设备时执行这一步骤。方法100继续进行到方框104，在此处多协议接口监测其过程通信端子两端上的电压。持续进行这一步骤，直到在过程通信或回路端子两端上观察到非零电压。一旦发生这样的情况，则控制进行到方框106，这时，多协议接口使用上文所述的回路测量电路来执行一个或多个与回路有关的测量。执行所述与回路有关的测量，直到能够辨别出过程通信回路的类型，或者直到进行了所有可用的测量。图3示出可供选择的方图108，这是可以根据本发明的实施例而加以采用的。具体地说，一旦执行与回路有关的测量，则能够自动地把关于过程通信回路的类型的意见提供给用户。然后，用户可以确认过程通信选择，而且将会启用相关的介质访问单元。假设提供给用户的自动意见不允许用户简单地选择介质访问。例如，如果用户错误地相信其正在与过程通信回路实行交互，但多协议接口通过其与通用计算设备14的连接报告与回路有关的测量实际上指示的是FOUNDATIONTM现场总线回路，则用户的选择将默许为FOUNDATIONTM现场总线意见，或者默许为不启用回路上的接口10。由此，防止用户错误地相信过程通信回路是
Figure G2006800149715D00071
对通信和/或设备造成损坏或恶化。在方图110处，与和回路有关的测量并可选地与方图108所示的用户对自动意见的应答相对应的有关的协议接口模块被启用。
本发明的实施例通常包括检测电路，其自动检测过程通信回路的通信协议。另外，本发明的实施例还优选地自动检测通信协议的参数，以启用适合的通信。本发明的实施例通常建议不兼容协议的用户，并保护用户免于使用错误的通信协议用于所连接的设备。例如，当连接至加电的
Figure G2006800149715D00072
回路时，该设备自动启用通用计算设备与回路上的
Figure G2006800149715D00073
现场设备之间的
Figure G2006800149715D00074
通信。当连接至供电的FOUNDATIONTM现场总线一段时，该设备自动地检测FOUNDATIONTM现场总线协议参数，并自动地启用通用计算设备与该段上的FOUNDATIONTM现场总线现场设备之间的FOUNDATIONTM现场总线通信。
图4是本发明实施例把通用计算机耦合至过程通信回路的方法流程图。当接口首次被供电时，方法200从方框202处开始。可以在接口首次耦合至通用计算机、或用户启用接口上的开关时执行方框202。在方框204处，所述接口进行与过程通信端子有关的至少一个测量。适宜的测量包括：试图检测电压；试图检测过程通信端子之间的连续性；或者任何其他适宜的测量。在方框206处，所述接口使用与回路有关的测量的结果，确定过程通信回路是否已经被连接至该接口。如果没有，则控制返回方框204，并且方法继续等待回路连接。然而，如果方框206确定过程通信回路已经耦合至接口的端子，则控制进行到方框208，这时，所述接口确定回路是否已经供电。这个步骤可以通过使用例如电路32的测量电路测量新连接的回路的电压和/或阻抗来完成。如果新连接的回路没有加电，则控制进行到方框210，这时，所述接口使用从其与通用计算机的连接(比如通过USB连接)所接收到的能量来向过程控制回路供电。一旦在方框210处该接口对过程通信回路供电，则控制进行到方框212。如果方框208确定过程通信回路已经供电，则控制从方框208进行到方框212。在方框212处，再次采用该接口的测量电路进行多个测量，以确定该接口所连接的过程控制回路的类型。一旦进行了足够的测量，或者如果已经进行了全部的测量，则控制进行到方框214，这时，启用与所检测到的回路类型相匹配的协议接口模块。如果所检测到的回路类型不与任何可用的协议接口模块相匹配，则该接口将仅会登记错误，而不会启用错误的协议接口模块。
尽管已经参考优选实施例描述了本发明，然而本领域的技术人员可以理解，在不背离本发明的精神和范围的前提下，可以在形式和细节上进行改变。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于把现场设备耦合至通用计算机的多协议接口，所述接口包括：
连接器模块，被配置为耦合至所述通用计算机；
多个过程通信端子，可耦合至过程通信回路；
第一协议接口模块，耦合至所述多个过程通信端子，并被配置为按第一协议进行通信；
第二协议接口模块，耦合至所述多个过程通信端子，并被配置为按与第一协议不同的第二协议进行通信；
回路测量电路，可耦合至所述过程通信端子；以及
微处理器，耦合至第一和第二协议接口模块以及所述回路测量电路，所述微处理器被配置为：根据所述回路测量电路做出的与回路有关的测量而确定过程通信回路的类型，启用具有与所确定的过程通信回路类型相匹配的协议的协议接口模块进行通信。
2.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述连接器模块包括USB连接器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述连接器模块包括串行连接器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述连接器模块包括并行连接器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述连接器模块包括火线连接器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述连接器模块包括PCMCIA连接器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述连接器模块包括PCI连接器。
8.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述连接器模块包括无线连接。
9.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，至少一个所述与回路有关的测量包括所述过程通信端子两端电压的测量。
10.根据权利要求9所述的接口，其中，至少一个所述与回路有关的测量包括回路阻抗的测量。
11.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述接口是安全的。
12.根据权利要求1所述的接口，其中，所述微处理器根据用户对于提供给用户的回路类型建议的响应而确定过程通信回路的类型。
13.一种使用多协议接口把现场设备耦合至通用计算机的方法，所述方法包括：
由所述通用计算机给所述多协议接口供电；
检测耦合至所述接口的过程通信回路；
执行所述过程通信回路上与回路有关的多个测量，以确定所述过程通信回路的类型；以及
自动启用具有与所确定的过程通信回路类型相匹配的接口的协议接口模块。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，至少一个所述与回路有关的测量包括所述过程通信回路两端电压的测量。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中，至少一个所述与回路有关的测量包括回路阻抗的测量。
16.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，还包括确定所述过程通信回路是否被供电，如果所述过程通信回路未被供电，则有选择地由所述通用计算机向所述过程通信回路供电。
17.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述与回路有关的测量中的至少一个包括检测所述过程通信回路连接的极性，并在自动启用所述协议接口模块前自动地颠倒不正确的极性。
18.根据权利要求13所述的方法，其中，所述与回路有关的测量中至少一个包括检测所述过程通信回路连接的极性，如果所检测到的极性不正确，则向用户报告错误。
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