CN100550890C - 经过ip呼叫路由语音的系统和方法 - Google Patents

经过ip呼叫路由语音的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN100550890C
CN100550890C CNB028263480A CN02826348A CN100550890C CN 100550890 C CN100550890 C CN 100550890C CN B028263480 A CNB028263480 A CN B028263480A CN 02826348 A CN02826348 A CN 02826348A CN 100550890 C CN100550890 C CN 100550890C
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D·瓦西洛夫斯基
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/0016—Arrangements providing connection between exchanges
    • H04Q3/0029—Provisions for intelligent networking
    • H04Q3/0045—Provisions for intelligent networking involving hybrid, i.e. a mixture of public and private, or multi-vendor systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H04L12/2856—Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access
    • H04L12/2869—Operational details of access network equipments
    • H04L12/2898—Subscriber equipments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22—Alternate routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1069—Session establishment or de-establishment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/1066—Session management
    • H04L65/1101—Session protocols
    • H04L65/1104—Session initiation protocol [SIP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/0024—Services and arrangements where telephone services are combined with data services
    • H04M7/0057—Services where the data services network provides a telephone service in addition or as an alternative, e.g. for backup purposes, to the telephone service provided by the telephone services network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • H04Q3/0016—Arrangements providing connection between exchanges
    • H04Q3/0025—Provisions for signalling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/03—Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption
    • H04W12/033—Protecting confidentiality, e.g. by encryption of the user plane, e.g. user's traffic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2207/00—Type of exchange or network, i.e. telephonic medium, in which the telephonic communication takes place
    • H04M2207/18—Type of exchange or network, i.e. telephonic medium, in which the telephonic communication takes place wireless networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup

Abstract

根据呼叫请求中的目的地地址，支持无线电话的基于IP的架构中的SIP服务器确定呼叫是系统内呼叫还是系统内呼叫。对于系统内呼叫，SIP服务器在始发设备和目的地设备间直接路由VOIP分组。然而对于系统间呼叫，尤其是加密的呼叫，SIP服务器使用与PSTN相连的本地调制解调器库例示了电路开关的呼叫，而不是通过公共因特网路由VOIP分组。这样就获得了服务质量保证并且减少了等待时间。

Description

经过IP呼叫路由语音的系统和方法
技术领域
本发明一般涉及在因特网协议(VOIP)系统上对无线语音的非无线部分提供服务质量保证，并且涉及定位并连接到服务小区站点外的目标设备。
背景技术
无线电话，比如但不限于使用码分多址(CDMA)扩频调制技术进行通信的无线电话，使用无线电话空中通信协议在空中与系统架构进行通信，所述协议例如称为IS-95A、IS-95B和IS-2000的CDMA协议。系统架构包括基站(BTS)、基站控制器(BSC)及其它组件，它把无线电话连到另一通信设备，比如通过陆线或另一无线通信系统。
随着因特网的发展，使用因特网协议(IP)的计算机间通信普遍存在。而且，不仅希望便于使用IP的计算机数据通信，而且希望便于使用IP的语音通信。作为在电话架构中使用IP提供的一个优点，可以消除诸如开关这样的许多硬件，并且可以替代地使用现有的计算机和软件，以降低成本。为此，引入了所谓的IP上语音(VOIP)。然而如这里所认识到的，VOIP数据是等待时间敏感的(即期望语音数据不会在彼此交谈的人之间的传输中过度延迟)。
为了把始发设备与目标设备相连，使用一辅助的基于IP的协议，称为会话启动协议(SIP)。通过使用SIP这样的协议，无线设备与一IP地址和一唯一标识字符分组地址相关，比如“sip://MY_PHONE@qualcomm.com”。SIP服务器充当端点和它们相关的IP地址及分组地址的目录。因而，为了参与诸如VOIP这样的基于IP的通信，设备必须向SIP服务器注册其IP地址。当始发设备请求到基于IP的目标设备的连接时，SIP服务器或者把目标IP地址给予始发设备，或者它与目标设备建立连接然后充当始发和目标设备的代理。
在任一情况下，当始发设备向同一服务系统中的目标设备作出呼叫(“系统内呼叫”)时，与系统相关的SIP服务器获知两个地址，因而或许使用诸如“加密”选项这样的一个或多个选项在两个设备间建立IP连接。另一方面，如果目标设备与始发设备不在同一无线服务系统中(“系统间呼叫”)，其地址就不会出现在SIP服务器数据库中，因而SIP服务器把呼叫请求转发至其它SIP服务器，直到定位了目标地址或者直到请求超时为止。
如本发明所认识到的，由于分组传输是基于IP的，因此系统内呼叫和系统间呼叫尤其会导致在因特网的公共可接入部分上发射分组，导致不可预期的和可能波动的延迟。在诸如VOIP这样的等待时间敏感的应用中，这会严重地损害性能，因为呼叫方在使被叫方听见其声音时会经历过度的延迟，反之亦然。
如上所述，始发到同一服务系统内的目标站的标准IP上语音电话呼叫通过SIP服务器的帮助而使用因特网协议(IP)路由技术连到目标方。始发到始发服务系统外的目标站并且始发到PSTN上的目标站的VOIP电话呼叫要求在始发分组系统(“内联网”)和PSTN的边界处的格式转换。“VOIP网关”是在VOIP和PSTN格式间转换的本领域公知的设备。为了执行该转换，VOIP网关要求获悉在始发IP系统(内联网)内使用的语音编码和语音呼叫信令。因此，VOIP系统采用标准化的语音编码技术。越来越重视的另一种VOIP呼叫的情况是加密的VOIP呼叫。加密的VOIP呼叫使用的语音编码包括：在两个(或多个)参与电话间交换加密建立信息，随后交换加密的语音分组。这些加密的语音分组不被VOIP网关所理解，并且必须使用数据网络在参与电话间交换。换言之，在参与的电话间要求端对端的数据连接。观察到上述关键内容后，本发明提供了这里所公开的解决方案。
发明内容
因特网上语音(VOIP)系统包括与一无线通信始发设备进行通信的基于IP的架构组件。SIP服务器与架构组件通信，调制解调器库与SIP服务器相关并连到PSTN。SIP服务器选择性地使用调制解调器库来例示从始发设备到目标设备的电路开关的呼叫。在一优选实施例中，SIP服务器仅为了要求语音呼叫等待时间特性和端对端数据连接性的系统间呼叫例示电路开关的呼叫，例如可由以下指示：例如未向SIP服务器注册的目标设备的地址或其部分，以及/或者特定的SIP呼叫建立参数。这样，SIP服务器不为系统内的呼叫例示一电路开关的呼叫，例如对一目标设备的呼叫，该目标设备当前由与始发设备相同的内联网所服务。
在一特别优选的非限制性的实施例中，目标设备的IP地址为“sip://DN@service.com”，电路交换呼叫是用IP地址的DN(域名)部分所例示的。在一实施例中，SIP服务器把DN映射到调制解调器库，并且通过PSTN完成该呼叫。可以使用所传递的附加信息把VOIP呼叫标识为要求例示电路交换呼叫的安全呼叫，所传递的附加信息可能包括任选的SIP呼叫参数。
另一方面，一种VOIP的方法包括：从第一服务系统中的始发无线设备接收对具有一IP地址的目标设备的呼叫请求。然后，该方法确定目标设备是否在第一服务系统中。如果目标设备在第一服务系统中，则不是用公共因特网而在第一服务系统内的始发设备和目标设备间建立通信。否则，使用PSTN在目标设备和始发设备间建立电路交换呼叫，尤其当呼叫被加密时。在任一种情况下，都不使用因特网连接来完成VOIP呼叫，所述因特网连接可能受到不可预测的延迟，因特网连接比如公共可接入的因特网部分。
还有一方面，计算机程序设备包括用于在SIP服务器处接收呼叫请求的装置。所述呼叫请求由一无线通信始发设备产生，它指示目标设备。该程序设备还包括用于确定是否向SIP服务器注册了目标设备的装置。提供了装置用于：当向SIP服务器注册了目标设备时，不使用公共因特网而在目标设备和始发设备间发射IP分组。然而，还提供了装置用于：当未向SIP服务器注册目标设备时，也许仅当呼叫被加密时，使用例示的电路交换连接在目标设备和始发设备间发射IP分组。
本发明的细节，包括其结构和操作，都可以参照附图来理解，附图中相同的数字是指相同的部件，附图中：
附图说明
图1是当前优选的发明的无线通信系统的框图；
图2是在图1所示的系统中所使用的总逻辑的流程图；以及
图3是电路交换呼叫例示逻辑的流程图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，示出一系统，一般指明为系统10，用于使用基于IP的电话架构14在始发无线通信设备12和目标通信设备间实施通信。架构14一般不是公共可接入的因特网的一部分。在一非限制性的实施例中，设备12是由Kyocera、Samsung或其它使用码分多址(CDMA)原理以及CDMA空中(OTA)通信空中接口协议的制造商所制造的移动电话，所示空中接口协议比如在IS-95A、ID-95B、UCDMA、IS-2000中定义的协议，以及其它用于和架构14通信的协议。
例如，对上述内容进行扩展，本发明可应用的无线通信系统包括：诸如模拟高级移动电话系统(AMPS)这样的个人通信服务(PCS)和蜂窝系统，以及下列数字系统：CDMA、时分多址(TDMA)、以及使用TDMA和CDMA技术的混合系统。CDMA蜂窝系统在电信工业联盟/电子工业联盟(TIA/EIA)标准IS-95中描述。组合的AMPS和CDMA系统在TIA/EIA标准IS-98中描述。其它通信系统在国际移动电信系统2000/通用移动电信系统(IMT-2000/UM)中描述，标准覆盖了那些称为宽带CDMA(WCDMA)、cdma2000(比如cdma20001x或3x标准)或者TD-SCDMA的标准。
本发明应用于任何无线通信设备12；为了说明起见假定设备12是一电话12。通常，本发明所应用的无线通信设备可以包括但不限于：无线手机或电话、蜂窝电话、数据收发机或者寻呼和定位接收机，并且根据需要可以是手提的、或者像车载(包括汽车、卡车、轮船、飞机、火车)那样便携的。然而，尽管无线通信设备通常被视为是移动的，然而可以理解，在某些实现中本发明也可以应用于“固定的”单元。而且，本发明应用于传输包括数字化视频信息在内的语音和/或数据信息所使用的数据模块或调制解调器，并且可以使用有线或无线链路与其它设备通信。而且，可以使用指令引发调制解调器或模块以预定的协调或相关方式工作，以便在多条通信信道上传输信息。无线通信设备有时也称为用户终端、移动站、移动单元、订户单元、移动无线电或无线电话、无线单元、或者在某些通信系统中简称为“用户”和“移动”。
如图1所示，无线电话12使用上述系统中的一个或多个与至少一个第一架构组件16通信，所述第一架构组件16接入一SIP服务器18，所述SIP服务器18执行本发明的逻辑。第一组件16最好是一基站(BTS)，但它也可由以下实现：基站控制器(BSC)、移动交换中心(MSC)、到卫星系统的网关、或者其它架构组件或者上述两个或多个的组合。在任一情况下，第一组件16不仅支持与无线设备12通信的必要协议和系统，还支持IP以及伴随的协议或者IP协议栈。
如图1所示，SIP服务器18与因特网20的公共可接入的部分通信。同样，调制解调器库22与SIP服务器18相关联。调制解调器库22可以采用到公共交换电话网(PSTN)24的VOIP网关，所述网络24使用诸如ISUP这样的信令协议并且使用诸如SS7这样的物理系统。
考虑到上述本发明的结构，应该理解，本发明的逻辑按照下面讨论的流程图在图1所示的结构上执行。这里流程图说明了本发明逻辑的结构，如同包含在计算机程序软件中。本领域的技术人员会理解，所示流程图说明了逻辑元件的结构，比如按照本发明起作用的计算机程序代码元件或电子逻辑电路。显然，本发明在其基本实施例中由一机器组件实现，该机器组件以指示数字处理装置(即计算机、控制器、处理器等等)执行与图示对应的一系列功能步骤的方式来呈现逻辑元件。
换言之，逻辑可以由计算机程序包含，所述计算机程序由SIP服务器18内的处理器作为一系列计算机或控制元件可执行的指令来执行。这些指令可以驻留在例如RAM中、或者在硬驱或光驱上，或者指令可以被保存在磁带、电子只读存储器、或者可被动态改变或更新的其它适当数据存储设备上。
现在参照图2，示出当由始发设备12作出呼叫时执行的逻辑。从步骤26开始，呼叫被SIP服务器18所接收。移到判决菱形28，确定呼叫是系统间呼叫还是系统内呼叫。作出该判决的一种方式是确定是否向SIP服务器18注册了目标设备的IP地址。如果向SIP服务器18注册了目标设备的IP地址，逻辑就进行的步骤30以便不使用公共因特网20通过架构14把VOIP分组直接传递到目标设备。
相反，当未向SIP服务器18注册目标设备地址时，即当另外指出系统间呼叫时，优选的非限制性逻辑从判决菱形28进行到判决菱形31以确定呼叫是否是一个经加密的VOIP呼叫。如果是，逻辑就移到步骤32，其中使用图3所示的逻辑通过调制解调器库22和PSTN 24例示了到目标设备的电路交换呼叫。这样，为加密的呼叫避免了数据分组通过公共因特网20的传输，并且建立了点对点的通信。也就是，可以响应于一个或多个预定的SIP选项，比如“加密的”，而作出电路交换呼叫的例示，即，根据需要可以仅为加密的VIOP呼叫而不为未加密的VOIP呼叫例示电路交换呼叫，然而也可以处置所有的系统间呼叫。然而在图2所示的优选逻辑中，如果系统间呼叫未被加密，则在步骤33中，该逻辑通过常规的VOIP网关或经由公共因特网20递送呼叫。
现在参照图3，示出了电路交换呼叫例示逻辑的第一种实现。从步骤34开始，把目标设备的DN映射到调制解调器库22。例如，对于SIP地址为“sip://DN@qualcomm.com”的设备而言，地址的DN部分被映射到调制解调器库22。然后，在方框36处，使用调制解调器库22通过PSTN 24完成该呼叫。如上所述，这可以基于呼叫中的附加SIP信息来实施，比如“加密的”呼叫，指示了该呼叫被加密。
虽然这里示出并详细描述的“经过IP呼叫路由语音的系统和方法”完全能达到本发明的上述目标，然而应该理解，它是本发明目前优选的实施例，因此代表了由本发明广泛设想的主题，本发明的范围完全包含对于本领域技术人员显而易见的其它实施例，因此本发明的范围仅受所附权利要求所限制，除非特别指明，权利要求中单数的元件不仅指“一个且仅有一个”，而是指“一个或多个”。上述优选实施例的所有结构和功能性的等价物都通过引用结合于此，它们是本领域普通技术人员已知或稍后将得知的，这些等价物由权利要求所包含。此外，设备或方法不必要解决本发明所解决的每一个问题，因为它由权利要求所包含。而且，本公开内容中的任何元件、组件或方法步骤都不是为了公开，无论元件、组件或方法步骤是否在权利要求中特别指出。这里的任何权利要求元素都不应被视为在35U.S.C.§112、第六段的规定下，除非用短语“用于...的装置”特别强调了该元素，或者在方法权利要求的情况下，用“步骤”而不是“动作”来指出元素。

Claims (7)

1.一种因特网上语音VOIP系统，包括：
与至少一个无线始发设备通信的至少一个基于IP的架构组件；
与所述架构组件通信的至少一个SIP服务器；以及
与所述SIP服务器相关联并且连到PSTN的至少一个调制解调器库，所述SIP服务器选择性地使用所述调制解调器库来例示从所述始发设备到目标设备的加密系统间呼叫的电路交换呼叫。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，当所述目标设备的地址或该地址的一部分不在与所述始发设备相同的系统中时，所述SIP服务器开始例示到所述目标设备的电路交换呼叫。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述SIP服务器不为系统内呼叫例示电路交换呼叫。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述SIP服务器不对具有向所述SIP服务器注册的地址或该地址的一部分的目标设备例示电路交换呼叫。
5.如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电路交换呼叫是用IP地址的域名部分例示的。
6.如权利要求5所述的系统，其特征在于，所述SIP服务器把所述域名映射到所述调制解调器库，并且通过PSTN完成该呼叫。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，至少所述始发设备使用CDMA原理。
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