CN100528090C - 带有短距离联接的磁共振成像兼容驱动器的针芯取样活组织检查装置 - Google Patents

带有短距离联接的磁共振成像兼容驱动器的针芯取样活组织检查装置 Download PDF

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CN100528090C
CN100528090C CNB2005101329765A CN200510132976A CN100528090C CN 100528090 C CN100528090 C CN 100528090C CN B2005101329765 A CNB2005101329765 A CN B2005101329765A CN 200510132976 A CN200510132976 A CN 200510132976A CN 100528090 C CN100528090 C CN 100528090C
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约翰·A·希布纳
凯文·D·普雷德莫
劳伦斯·布伦
文森特·J·康蒂尼
詹姆斯·E·德沃夏斯凯
埃里克·R·纳文
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Devicor Medical Products Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/02Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
    • A61B10/0233Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
    • A61B10/0266Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments means for severing sample
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/02Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
    • A61B10/0233Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
    • A61B10/0283Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments with vacuum aspiration, e.g. caused by retractable plunger or by connected syringe
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00535Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00535Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
    • A61B2017/00539Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated hydraulically
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00535Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated
    • A61B2017/00544Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets pneumatically or hydraulically operated pneumatically

Abstract

一种针芯取样活组织检查装置,通过由气动旋转马达或者由压电驱动马达驱动,可以兼容地在磁共振成像(MRI)环境中使用。该针芯取样活组织检查装置获得用于诊断或治疗目的的组织样本,如乳房组织活组织检查样本。该活组织检查装置可以包括具有远侧穿刺尖端的外部套管、切割器腔、与所述的切割器腔连通的侧组织端口以及至少一个布置在侧组织端口的远侧的流体通路。内部切割器可以在切割器腔内推进,行经过侧组织端口,以切割组织样本。

Description

带有短距离联接的磁共振成像兼容驱动器的针芯取样活组织检查装置
技术领域
本发明总的涉及活组织检查装置,更具体的说,涉及具有用于切割组织的切割器的活组织检查装置。
背景技术
对患有恶性肿瘤、处于癌前病变状态以及患有其它病症的患者的诊断和治疗是人们长期深入研究的领域。用于检查组织的非侵入性方法包括:触诊、X射线成像、磁共振成像(MRI)、计算机断层扫描(CT)以及超声成像。当医师怀疑组织可能包含癌细胞时,可以利用切开手术或经皮手术来进行活组织检查。对于切开手术,使用手术刀来形成较大的切口,以直接观察和接触所关注的组织块。然后可以将整块(切除活组织检查)或部分块(切口活组织检查)去除。在经皮活组织检查手术中,将针状器械插入穿过较小的切口,以接触所关注的组织块,并获得供随后检查和分析用的组织样本。
抽吸和针芯取样是两种用于从体内获取组织的穿刺方法。在抽吸过程中,使组织分解成碎片并且通过细针将其随流体介质吸出。与大多数其它取样技术相比,抽吸方法侵害性较小,但是由于通过抽吸切开的组织结构被破坏,仅留下用于分析的个别细胞,因此其应用有限。在针芯活组织检查中,以保护个别细胞和用于组织学检查的组织结构的方式获得组织的核心或者碎片。使用的活组织检查类型依赖于各种因素,没有一个过程对于所有的病例都是理想的。
目前以商标名MAMMOTOMETM出售的活组织检查器械可以从Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc公司买到,用于获得乳房活组织检查样本,例如在Hibner等人的2003年10月23日公开的申请号为No.2003/0199753的美国专利申请中所描述的,该文献在此全部引入作为参考。MAMMOTOMETM活组织检查器械适于仅通过一次经皮插入刺穿元件或钻孔口器到患者的乳房中而从患者获得多个组织样本。在将组织从周围组织切割下之前,操作者用MAMMOTOMETM活组织检查器械来“活性地”地获取(使用真空)组织。通过远程致动的真空系统将组织抽取到钻孔口器的远端处的侧端口内。一旦组织位于侧端口内,将切割器旋转并且通过钻孔口器的腔体将切割器推进越过所述侧端口。当切割器推进越过所述侧端口的开口时,其将位于所述端口内的组织从周围的组织切割开。当切割器缩回时,其将组织与其一块拉出并且将组织样本存放于患者体外。
MAMMOTOMETM针芯取样活组织检查器械的这种形式有利地兼容使用磁共振成像(MRI)系统。具体地说,在该器械中避免使用铁质材料,从而MRI系统中的强磁场不吸引该器械。另外,选择材料和电路,以通过不与由被检查的组织发出的弱RF场干涉而避免MRI图像中的伪像。具体地说,与所述的器械远距离放置的控制台提供真空、切割器马达控制以及图形用户界面。因此,柔性的驱动轴联接用于切割器平移和旋转的旋转运动。
尽管这种器械为MRI系统中的临床诊断和治疗过程提供了很多优点,然而存在其中需要提供不通过柔性驱动轴系到控制台上的MRI兼容针芯取样器械的临床应用。驱动轴尽管是柔性的,但是由于其有限的弯曲半径,它仍旧造成了限制。另外,驱动轴的每一段存在许多内在的扭曲,尤其是如果需要较长的驱动轴时,所述扭曲形成可能不利地作用于闭环控制的机械延迟。
在美国专利No.6,758,824中有描述了另一种普遍公知的用于进行针芯活组织检查取样的方法,其中使用气压来转动液压回转马达使切割器旋转,并且转动液压往复致动器使切割器平移。尽管一些人认为通过柔性气流导管连接的远程气源的使用是方便且经济的,然而这些普遍公知的气动针芯活组织检查系统具有一些缺点。
气动驱动马达的一个内在问题是反应时间慢并且在负载条件下不能保持所需的输出轴速度。这种现象与驱动该系统的气体的可压缩性有关。在活组织检查装置包含旋转和平移的中空切割器的情况下,如果遇到致密组织,气动驱动切割器的旋转速度可能下降,从而导致不一致的组织样本。并且如果切割器通过气动驱动的活塞-气缸机构来平移,那么切割器的平移速度可能会或者不会因为组织密度而改变。因此,当对异质组织进行取样时,切割器旋转速度和平移速度之间的不协调关系,加上气动驱动切割器的内在不良反应,经常导致组织样本重量的不同。应当认为当切割器穿过孔口的转数超过最低转数时,组织样本的重量更大并且更一致。
因此,非常需要一种针芯活组织检查装置,其能够以接近MRI机器和其它成像形式的方式使用而避免由通过相对长的机械驱动轴连接而造成的不便,并且避免由普遍公知的气动针芯活组织检查系统造成的样本尺寸不一致。
发明内容
本发明通过提供一种针芯取样活组织检查系统来解决现有技术中的这些和其它问题,所述活组织检查系统可以与磁共振(MRI)系统近距离兼容使用而不需要旋转机械驱动轴。作为替代,柔性动力导管驱动联接到活组织检查手持件上的旋转非铁马达。
在与本发明的各方面一致的一个方面中,活组织检查装置包括联接到受压气源上的旋转液压驱动马达。该驱动马达驱动切割器驱动组件,该切割器驱动组件以相对于其纵向平移的固定比率使圆柱形切割器沿切割器腔旋转。应当理解的是,穿过孔口的切割器转数与切割器旋转速度成正比并且与平移速度成反比的关系。因此,切割器旋转速度和平移速度之间的不协调关系加上气动驱动切割器的内在不良反应,可能会导致在采集异质组织样本时由于经过开口的切割器转数的不同引起组织样本重量的不同。然而,下面描述的切割器驱动组件基于旋转驱动轴和平移驱动轴之间的固定传动比,有利地保持了在任何速度时切割器旋转速度和平移速度之间的固定关系。例如,当切割器旋转速度下降时,切割器平移速度也下降,这使得通过孔口的切割器转数相同。同样,当切割器旋转速度增加时,切割器平移速度也增加,这使得通过开口时切割器转数相同。因此,由于下面描述的切割器驱动组件内在地保持了通过孔口时切割器的转数,不因遇到组织的密度不同,所以消除了与气动驱动切割器有关的通过孔口时切割器转数不一致的问题。
在本发明的另一个方面,固定比的切割器组件由压电驱动马达提供动力,该压电驱动马达有利地与MRI系统近距离兼容使用。
(1)本发明涉及一种活组织检查装置,包括:
穿刺管,在其远端附近具有用于接收脱垂的组织的孔口;
切割器管,其可在所述穿刺管内纵向地移动;
切割器驱动组件,其被可操作地构造成与切割器管的旋转速度成恒定比例地将所述切割器管向远侧平移经过所述孔口,用于切割所接收的脱垂组织;以及
非铁旋转马达,其被联接到向切割器驱动组件输入的输入端上。
(2)如项目(1)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述非铁旋转马达包括液压旋转马达。
(3)如项目(2)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述液压旋转马达包括气动旋转马达。
(4)如项目(1)所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括真空辅助组件,其选择性地与切割器管连通,以实现组织脱垂。
(5)如项目(4)所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括在切割器管的远端和真空辅助组件之间连通的真空腔。
(6)如项目(1)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述非铁马达包括压电旋转马达。
(7)如项目(6)所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括将所述压电旋转马达联接到切割器驱动组件上的柔性驱动轴。
(8)如项目(1)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述切割器驱动组件进一步包括连接到平移轴和旋转驱动轴的单输入-双输出齿轮箱组件。
(9)如项目(8)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述切割器驱动组件进一步包括联接在所述平移轴和切割器管之间的平移托架以及联接在旋转驱动轴和切割器管之间的旋转托架。
(10)本发明还涉及一种活组织检查装置,包括:
穿刺管,在其远端附近具有用于接收脱垂的组织的孔口;
切割器管,其可在所述穿刺管内纵向地移动;
切割器驱动组件,其被可操作地构造成与切割器管的旋转速度成恒定比例地将所述切割器管向远侧平移经过所述孔口,用于切割所接收的脱垂组织的孔口;以及
液压旋转马达,其被连接到向切割器驱动组件输入的输入端上。
(11)如项目(10)所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括真空辅助组件,其选择性地与切割器管连通,以实现组织脱垂。
(12)如项目(11)所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括在切割器管的远端和真空辅助组件之间连通的真空腔。
(13)如项目(10)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述切割器驱动组件进一步包括连接到平移轴和旋转驱动轴的单输入-双输出齿轮箱组件。
(14)如项目(13)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述切割器驱动组件进一步包括联接在所述平移轴和切割器管之间的平移托架以及联接在旋转驱动轴和切割器管之间的旋转托架。
(15)本发明还涉及一种活组织检查装置,包括:
穿刺管,在其远端附近具有用于接收脱垂的组织的孔口;
切割器管,其可在所述穿刺管内纵向地移动;
切割器驱动组件,其被可操作地构造成与切割器管的旋转速度成恒定比例地将所述切割器管向远侧平移经过所述孔口,用于切割所接收的脱垂组织的孔口;以及
压电旋转马达,其被联接到向切割器驱动组件输入的输入端上。
(16)如项目(15)所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括真空辅助组件,其选择性地与切割器管连通,以实现组织脱垂。
(17)如项目(16)所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括在切割器管的远端和真空辅助组件之间连通的真空腔。
(18)如项目(16)所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括将压电旋转马达联接到切割器装置组件上的柔性驱动轴。
(19)如项目(15)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述切割器驱动组件进一步包括连接在压电旋转马达、平移轴和旋转驱动轴之间的单输入-双输出齿轮箱组件。
(20)如项目(19)所述的活组织检查装置,其中,所述切割器驱动组件进一步包括联接在所述平移轴和切割器管之间的平移托架以及联接在旋转驱动轴和切割器管之间的旋转托架。
通过附图和对其进行的描述,可清楚地了解本发明的这些或者其它目的和优点。
附图说明
尽管说明书解释了具体指出本发明并明确要求本发明权利的权利要求书,然而应当认为,通过结合附图参考下面的说明,这些将更易于理解,其中:
图1是一种针芯取样活组织检查系统的局部轴测示意图,该系统包括具有短行程切割器的手持件,该切割器有利的是气动驱动;
图2是一种针芯取样活组织检查系统的局部轴测示意图,该系统包括具有短行程切割器的手持件,该切割器有利的是压电驱动;
图3是图1中手持件的探头组件去除机架时的轴测图;
图4是图3中探头组件沿线4-4截取的轴测剖视图,其中切割器和托架组件设置在近侧位置;
图5是图3中探头组件沿线4-4截取的轴测剖视图,其中切割器和托架组件设置在近端位置和远端位置之间;
图6是图3中探头组件沿线4-4截取的轴测剖视图,其中切割器和托架组件设置在远端位置;
图7是图3中探头组件的分解轴测图;以及
图8是沿近侧方向观察时用于图1-2的机架的单输入-双输的驱动组件的分解轴测图。
具体实施方式
气动活组织检查装置
在图1中,气动针芯取样活组织检查系统10包括可以舒适地单手握持并且可以单手操纵的手持件30。手持件30可以包括探头组件32和可拆卸地连接的机架34。探头组件32可例如通过第一侧管38和第二轴向管40被可操作地连接到真空源36上。第一和第二管38、40可以由柔性、透明或者半透明材料,如硅管、PVC管或者聚乙烯管制成。使用透明材料使得能够观察流过管38、40的物质。
第一管38可以包括用于连接到多个流体源的Y形连接件42。Y形连接件42的第一近端可以延伸到控制模块46内的第一螺线管控制旋转阀44,而Y形连接件42的第二近端可以延伸到控制模块46内的第二螺线管控制旋转阀48。控制模块46内的第一螺线管控制旋转阀44可以可操作地将真空源36或者压缩气源50连接到侧管38上。应当理解的是,在本说明书中压缩气体指的是气压为大气压或大于大气压。在一种构造中,当致动阀44时,从真空源36向管38供应真空,并且没有致动阀44时,通过管38供应来自压缩气源50的受压空气。如虚线54所示,与阀44连接的螺线管可以由控制模块46中的微处理器52控制。可以采用微处理器52来基于可移动地支撑在探头组件32内的切割器55(如图7所示)的位置自动调节阀44的位置。可以采用控制模块46内的第二螺线管控制旋转阀48来将生理盐水供应装置56(例如生理盐水供应袋,或者供选择的是,生理盐水的密封储存器)连接到管58上或者用来封闭管58的近端。例如,当致动手持件30上的一个开关60时,旋转阀48可以由微处理器52致动来供应生理盐水。当致动旋转阀48时,第一旋转阀44可以自动地停用(例如通过微处理器52),以防止真空和生理盐水在侧管38内互相作用。如果需要,可以在侧真空管38内包含旋塞阀61,以允许通过注射器直接将生理盐水注入管38内。例如,可以采用注射器注入,以增加管内生理盐水的压力,从而排除可能发生的任何阻塞,例如组织阻塞流体通路。
在一种形式中,可以采用轴向真空管40,以通过组织储存组件62将真空从真空源36连通到探头组件32。轴向管40可以通过探头组件32内的切割器55提供真空,以帮助在切割之前将组织脱垂进入侧孔口64内。当进行切割之后,可以采用轴向管40内的真空来帮助将切割组织样本从探头组件32抽出并且使其进入到组织储存组件62内。机架34可以包括用于可操作地将手持件30连接到控制模块46的控制索66。
气动驱动马达70有利地取代了在普遍公知的MRI兼容的针芯取样活组织检查系统中使用的可选转驱动电缆。气动驱动马达70位于手持件30的近侧。该气动驱动马达70具有两条气体输入管路68和69。当将压缩气体施加到两条管路68、69中的一条上时,气动驱动马达70的输出轴(未示出)沿给定方向旋转。当将压缩气体施加到两条管路68、69中的另一条上时,气动驱动马达70的输出轴沿相反方向旋转。在每一种情况下,不运送压缩气体的气体输入管路68、69是用于压缩气体的排出管路或者排气管路。这种在关/输入1开和输入2排气/输入1排气和输入2开之间的转换可以通过控制气动转换阀72的微处理器52来实现,该气动转换阀72接收来自气源73的压缩空气并且选择性地将该压缩空气转换到气体输入管路68、69。压缩气体通过马达叶片组件(未示出)旋转气动驱动马达70的输出轴。然后该气体驱动马达70的输出轴驱动切割器驱动组件(图1中未示出)的输入轴。
气动驱动马达70的一个例子可以从Pro-Dex Micro Motors公司MMR-0770型而获得。
将开关10安装在机架的上壳74上,以使操作者能用单手使用手持件30。单手操作允许操作者的另一支手空闲,以例如用来握持超声成像装置。开关60可以包括用于手动致动切割器55运动的两位摇臂开关76(例如摇臂开关76的向前运动使切割器55沿前进(远侧)方向运动,以便进行组织取样,并且按键开关76的向后运动沿相反方向(近侧)致动切割器55)。供选择的是,切割器55可以由控制模块46自动地驱动。可以在机架34上设置附加开关78,以允许操作者根据需要致动生理盐水流进入到侧管38内(例如,开关78可以被构造成当用户按压开关78时,对阀48操作,以向管38提供生理盐水流。)
作为供选择的构造,应该注意的是,在此描述的气动驱动马达驱动组件可以使切割器在活组织检查装置内旋转和平移,其中切割器沿针的整个长度平移,以从患者身上提取组织。
压电马达驱动针芯取样活组织检查系统
在图2中,压电驱动的活组织检查系统10a与上述图1中描述的活组织检查系统类似,但是包括一些变化。具体的是,压电马达70a有利地完全或者部分地取代了普遍公知的机械的可旋转驱动电缆。压电驱动马达70a可以位于紧邻切割器驱动组件(在图2中未示出)近侧的位置。压电驱动马达70a通过电缆79由马达驱动器电路77驱动,该电路由电源72供电。应当理解的是,压电晶体材料的运动使连接到压电驱动马达70a的输出轴(未示出)上的转子旋转。然后压电驱动马达70a的输出轴驱动切割器驱动组件的输入轴。压电驱动马达70a的一个例子可以从Shinsei公司的型号为USR 10-E3N的驱动电机和型号为D6060的电子驱动器获得。
本压电马达的一个设计方面是马达的低功率密度。这导致压电马达与传统的给定额定功率的DC马达相比,具有相对大的体积。结果是压电驱动马达70a太大而不能直接连接到切割器驱动组件107的输入轴(图3)上,压电驱动马达70a的输出可以驱动可旋转驱动电缆81。这允许压电驱动马达70a与机架间隔一定距离设置,以减小机架质量。作为另外的供选择构造,一个压电马达可以旋转切割器组件,并且第二压电马达可以平移切割器组件。基于其材料性能,压电马达尤其适于MRI应用。应当注意的是,在此描述的压电马达驱动组件可以使切割器在活组织检查装置内旋转和平移,其中切割器沿针的整个长度平移,以从患者身上提取组织。
短行程切割器驱动组件
省略图1中的气动驱动马达70或者供选择的图2中的压电驱动马达70a,现在对手持件30的组成元件进行描述。图3示出了从机架34断开的探头组件32。探头组件32包括上壳80和下壳82,每个壳都可以由如聚碳酸脂的硬质生物相容的塑料注塑成型。探头组件32的最后组装之后,上下壳80、82可以通过许多已知的用于连接塑料部件的方法(包括但不限于超声焊接、按扣、过盈配合、以及胶接)中的任何一种沿连接边缘84连接到一起。
图4-7更详细地示出了探头组件32。图4示出了向近侧缩回的切割器组件和托架86。图5示出了部分推进的切割器组件和托架86。图6示出了向远侧推进的切割器组件和机架86。具体参照图7,探头组件32可以包括位于探头组件32的手柄89远端的活组织检查针(探头)88,用于插入到患者的皮肤内,以获取组织样本。针88包括细长的金属套管90,其可以包括用于接收切割器55的上部切割器腔92和用于提供流体和气体通路的下部真空腔94。切割器55可以设置于套管90内,并且可以被同轴地布置在切割器腔92内。
套管90可以具有任何适合的横截面形状,包括圆形或者椭圆形横截面。与套管90远端相邻且位于该远端近侧的是侧组织接收端口(侧孔口)64,用于接收要从患者身上切割的组织。针88的尖端可以由连接到套管90远端上的单独的端件96形成。端件96的尖端可以用于穿刺患者的皮肤,从而侧组织接收端口可以定位在欲取样的组织块处。端件96可以具有所示出那样的双侧、扁平状的尖端,或者具有适于穿透患者软组织的其它任何形状。
针88的近端可被连接到管接头套管98上,该管接头套管具有贯穿其内的纵向穿孔100以及通向孔100的变宽的中心部分的横向开口102。可以插入侧管38的远端,以便牢固地固定到管接头套管98的横向开口102内。这种连接允许流体(气体或液体)在下部真空腔94和侧管38之间连通。
可以是细长管状切割器的切割器55可以被至少部分地设置于上部切割器腔92内,并且可以被支撑,用于在切割器腔92内平移和旋转。切割器55可以被支撑在真空腔94内,以便可以沿远侧和近侧方向平移。切割器55可以具有尖锐的远端106,用于切开通过侧组织接收端口64接收在上部切割器腔92内的组织。切割器55可以由任何合适的材料形成,包括但不限于金属、聚合物、陶瓷或者这些材料的组合。为了切割通过侧组织端口64接收在切割器腔92内的组织,切割器55可以通过适合的切割器驱动组件107在切割器腔92内平移,从而远端106从侧组织端口64的近侧位置(图4中示出)向侧组织端口64的远侧位置(图6中示出)移动。在供选择的实施例中,可以采用外部切割器(未示出),其中外部切割器与内部套管针同轴地滑动,并且该内部针可以包括侧组织接收口。
管接头套管98支撑在探头的上下壳80、82之间以确保切割器55和管接头套管98之间正确地对准。切割器55可以是中空管,其中样本腔108穿过切割器5轴向延伸。切割器55的近端可以延伸穿过切割器齿轮110的轴向孔。切割器齿轮110可以是金属的或者聚合物的,并且包括多个切割器齿轮齿112。切割器齿轮110可以由旋转驱动轴114驱动,该旋转驱动轴114具有多个设计用于与切割器齿轮齿112啮合的驱动齿轮齿116。如图4-6所示,驱动齿轮齿116可以沿驱动轴114的长度延伸,以便在切割器55从最近侧位置向最远侧位置平移时,啮合切割器齿轮齿112。当驱动轴114被旋转地驱动时,驱动齿轮齿116可以连续地与切割器齿轮齿112啮合,以旋转切割器55。当切割器通过组织接收端口64向远侧推进来切割组织时,驱动轴114旋转切割器55。驱动轴114可以由硬质的工程塑料(如液晶聚合材料)注塑成型,或者可供选择地可以由金属或者非金属材料制成。驱动轴114包括从该轴114向远侧延伸的第一轴端120。轴端120例如由模制在探头壳80、82内侧上的支承面结构122支撑,用于在探头下壳82内旋转。类似的,第二轴端124从旋转驱动轴114向近侧延伸,并且支撑在也可以模制在探头下壳82的内侧上的第二支承面结构126上。当将旋转驱动轴114安装在探头下壳82内时,可以在每一轴端120、124上设置一个O形环和轴衬(未示出),以提供旋转支撑并且使轴114产生的可听到的噪音隔音。
如图4-6所示,驱动托架134设置在探头组件32内,以容纳切割器齿轮110,并且在向远侧方向和近侧方向平移时运送该切割器齿轮和相连接的切割器55。驱动托架134可以由硬质聚合物模制并具有沿轴向贯穿其内延伸的圆柱形孔136。一对J形钩状延伸部分从驱动托架134的一侧伸出。钩状延伸部分140可旋转地将切割器55支撑在切割器齿轮110的任意一侧上,以在驱动托架134向近侧和远侧平移期间提供切割器齿轮110和切割器55向近侧和远侧的平移。钩状延伸部分140与切割器55和切割器齿轮110沿合适的方向对准,以便切割器齿轮齿112与驱动齿轮齿116啮合。
驱动托架134支撑在平移轴142上。轴142通常平行于切割器55和旋转驱动轴114地支撑。通过采用导螺杆型驱动,平移轴142的旋转提供驱动托架134的平移(并且因此还提供切割器齿轮110和切割器55的平移)。轴142在其外表面上包括外部导螺杆螺纹结构,如导螺杆螺纹144。螺杆螺纹144延伸到驱动托架134中的孔136内。导螺杆螺纹144与配置在通孔口136的内表面上的内部螺旋状螺纹表面结构(未示出)啮合。因此,当轴142旋转时,驱动托架134沿轴142的螺纹结构144平移。切割器齿轮110和切割器55与驱动托架134一起平移。轴142向反方向的旋转使驱动托架134和切割器55向反方向平移。平移轴142可以由硬质工程塑料(如液晶聚合材料)制成或者供选择地可以由金属或者非金属材料制成。带有导螺杆螺纹结构144的平移轴142可以是模制、机械加工或者以其它工艺形成。同样,驱动托架134可以经过模制或者机械加工,以形成孔136内的内部螺旋状螺纹。根据轴142的旋转方向,轴142的旋转向远侧和近侧方向驱动托架和切割器齿轮110和切割器55,从而切割器55在探头组件32内平移。切割器齿轮110可以牢固地连接到切割器55上,从而切割器以与驱动托架134相同的方向和相同的速度平移。
在一种形式中,在导螺杆144的远端和近端,缩短螺旋状螺纹,从而螺纹的有效螺距宽度是零。在螺纹144的这些最远侧和最近侧位置,因为托架实际上脱离了螺纹144,所以不管轴142是否继续旋转,驱动托架134的平移不再由轴142驱动。如压缩的螺旋弹簧150a和150b(图7)的偏置构件,,设置在邻近螺杆螺纹144的远端和近端的轴142上。当托架脱离螺纹144时,弹簧150a-b使驱动托架134向后偏置成与导螺杆螺纹144啮合状态。当轴142继续沿相同的方向旋转时,零螺距宽的螺纹与弹簧150a-b结合地使托架134(并且由此使切割器55)在轴的端部“自由滑行”。在轴142的螺纹部分的近端,驱动托架134与弹簧150a啮合。在轴142的螺纹部分的远端,驱动托架134与弹簧150b啮合。当驱动托架134脱离螺杆螺纹144时,弹簧150a或150b与驱动托架134啮合并将驱动托架134向后偏置成与轴142的螺杆螺纹144啮合,在该位置处轴142的连续旋转再次使驱动托架脱离螺杆螺纹144。因此,只要轴142的旋转保持相同的方向,那么驱动托架134(和切割器55)将继续“自由滑行”,当托架由弹簧150a或150b选择性地偏置到螺纹144上并且然后由轴142的旋转使其脱离螺杆螺纹144时,切割器55的远端向近侧和远侧平移一小段距离。当切割器处于图6中所示的最远侧位置,其中切割器55的远端106设置于侧组织端口64的远侧时,弹簧150b将与驱动托架134啮合,并且在驱动托架脱离螺杆螺纹144时,反复地迫使驱动托架134向后与螺杆螺纹144啮合。因此,在切割器55被推进使得切割器55的远端106向远侧平移经过侧组织端口64来切割组织,并到达图6中所示的位置之后,轴142的继续旋转将导致远端106前后振荡、向近侧和远侧平移一小段距离,直到轴142的旋转方向相反为止(以便例如将切割器55向远侧缩回到图4中所示的位置)。切割器55处于图6所示的其最远侧位置时,在弹簧150b的偏置力作用下,驱动托架134轻微移动与螺杆螺纹144相啮合和脱离与螺杆螺纹144的啮合,使得切割器55的远端106在套管90内反复地往复运动一小段距离,该距离可以约等于螺纹144的螺距,并且该距离短于切割器在经过侧组织端口64时移动的距离。如下所述,切割器55的这种往复运动可以提供交替的覆盖和揭开至少一个设置于侧组织端口64远侧的流体通路。
由于导螺杆144的零螺距宽度端为切割器55的轴向平移提供确定的停止,因此消除了驱动托架134(即切割器55)接近螺纹的远端和近端时降低其速度的需要。这种确定的停止减小了驱动托架134相对于轴142的所需定位精度,从而导致过程的初始化中的校准时间减少。驱动托架134在平移轴142的最远侧和最近侧位置的自由滑行消除了在操作中要将轴142旋转精确的转数的需要。更确切地,平移轴142仅仅需要平移至少最低转数,以确保驱动托架已经沿导螺杆144的整个长度平移并平移到零螺距宽度螺纹处。另外,驱动托架134的自由滑行消除了将所述装置复位的需要,从而允许探头组件32插入到患者的组织内,而不用首先连接到机架34上。在将探头组件32插入后,将机架34连接并且可以开始取样。
如图7所示,可以设置非旋转后部管152,其中该管152可以从切割器55的近端延伸,该近端刚好位于切割器齿轮110的近侧。后部管152可以是中空的,并且可以具有基本上与切割器55相同的内径,并且可以由与切割器55相同的材料组成。密封件154可以设置在切割器55和后部管152之间,以使切割器55能相对于后部管152旋转,同时提供在后部管152和切割器55之间的气密密封。后部腔156可以穿过管152的长度延伸,并且可以与切割器55内的样本腔108对准。后部腔156将切除的组织样本从样本腔108经探头组件32传送到组织储存组件62。样本腔108和后部腔156同轴地对准,以在组织接收端口64和组织储存组件62之间提供连续的、通常为直管的无阻塞通路,用来输送组织样本。切割器55和管152的内表面可以涂有水性润滑材料,以帮助切除的组织样本向近侧输送。
为了将后部管152固定到驱动托架134上,侧延伸部分158可以由后部管152支撑并且从该后部管152向远侧延伸。延伸部分158将管152连接到驱动托架134上,从而后部管152随切割器55平移,并且使腔108、156在整个切割循环过程中保持连续的不透流体地连通。
单输入-双输出机架齿轮箱组件
在图8中,旋转驱动轴114和平移轴142由单驱动输入端180通过机架齿轮箱组件182经由单根可旋转输入端55(还是在图1中示出)驱动。而单驱动输入端180由气动驱动马达70(图1)或者压电马达70a(图2)驱动。可旋转驱动输入端180连接到驱动电缆输入联接器352上,以便向机架34提供旋转驱动。驱动轴354从输入联接器352向近侧外壳356延伸。在近侧外壳356内,输入齿轮360被安装到位于垫圈362和轴承389之间的输入驱动轴354上,以便啮合位于平移驱动轴364和旋转驱动轴366上的相应齿轮。输入齿轮360与平移轴齿轮370和旋转轴齿轮372的相互作用将旋转驱动传送给平移和旋转驱动轴364、366。平移和旋转驱动轴364、366从近侧外壳356穿过中心外壳374的一对孔延伸。平移和旋转齿轮370、372在近侧外壳和中心外壳之间由轴承376分开。
在中心外壳374的远侧,机架34包括用于向控制模块46提供有关驱动轴旋转的反馈信号的旋转编码器380。编码器380可以被安装在平移或者旋转驱动轴上。机架34还包括供选择的位于平移驱动轴364上的行星齿轮箱382。齿轮箱382在旋转驱动轴114和平移驱动轴142之间提供齿轮减速,以便形成用于驱动托架134平移和切割器55旋转的不同速度。在齿轮箱382和编码器380的远侧,驱动组件350包括外壳384。外壳384包括用于将平移轴142与平移驱动输入轴386相联接以及将旋转驱动轴114与旋转驱动输入轴388联接的连接件。驱动输入轴386、388的每一个具有远端,其具有可操作地与位于探头组件32内的相应驱动轴114、142上的狭缝啮合的形状。具体地说,平移驱动输入轴386具有啮合平移轴142的狭缝(图7所示)的形状,并且旋转驱动输入轴388具有啮合旋转驱动轴114的狭缝的形状。供选择的是,为了减少轴之间的连接长度,驱动输入轴可以具有模制界面而不是如图7和8所示的相配合的狭缝和尖端。平移和旋转驱动轴386、388从外壳384向远侧延伸,以便在探头组件32和机架34相连接时与驱动和平移轴114、142啮合。
尽管在此已经示出并描述了本发明的示例性形式,然而本领域普通技术人员可清楚地了解,这些实施例仅仅是作为例子提供。对于本领域技术人员来说,在不背离后附权利要求书的精神和范围的情况下,可以进行多种变型、改变和替换。另外,所描述的涉及本发明的每一元件可以被选择性的描述为用于执行该元件的功能的部件。
例如,尽管对微处理器控制模块46进行了有利地描述,可以理解的是,可以采用交替控制的方法。例如,手持件上的转换顺序可以致动气动阀,以引起旋转和平移。例如,可以手动地在手持件上将通向手持件的单根气体输入管路转换到旋转马达,以实现三种状态中的一种:关、顺时针和逆时针。
对于另一个例子,美国专利No.6,273,862中描述的针芯取样活组织检查系统也可以有利地从在此描述的MRI兼容动力源(例如气动、压电)中受益,上述美国专利的针芯取样活组织检查系统执行长的切割行程来取样并将样本从探头缩回。
对于又一个例子,尽管在此对真空辅助帮助实现诸如脱垂组织并通过探头提取组织进行了有利的描述,然而可以理解的是,与本发明一致的应用也会从气动或压电驱动的活组织检查装置中受益。
对于再一个例子,尽管在此描述的形式示例性地说明了压缩空气来驱动切割器驱动组件,然而可以理解的是,可以将不可压缩的流体用到与本发明的各方面一致的应用中。
对于再一个例子,尽管在此描述的形式示例性地说明了压缩空气来驱动切割器驱动组件,可以理解的是,在与本发明各方面一致的应用中,可以用真空来驱动气动马达然后来驱动切割器驱动组件。

Claims (9)

1.一种活组织检查装置,包括:
穿刺管,在其远端附近具有用于接收脱垂的组织的孔口;
切割器管,其能够在所述穿刺管内纵向地移动;
切割器驱动组件,其被可操作地构造成与切割器管的旋转速度成恒定比例地将所述切割器管向远侧平移经过所述孔口,用于切割所接收的脱垂组织;以及
非铁旋转马达,其被联接到向切割器驱动组件输入的输入端上。
2.如权利要求1所述的活组织检查装置,其特征为,所述非铁旋转马达包括液压旋转马达。
3.如权利要求2所述的活组织检查装置,其特征为,所述液压旋转马达包括气动旋转马达。
4.如权利要求1所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括真空辅助组件,其选择性地与切割器管连通,以实现组织脱垂。
5.如权利要求4所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括在切割器管的远端和真空辅助组件之间连通的真空腔。
6.如权利要求1所述的活组织检查装置,其特征为,所述非铁马达包括压电旋转马达。
7.如权利要求6所述的活组织检查装置,进一步包括将所述压电旋转马达联接到切割器驱动组件上的柔性驱动轴。
8.如权利要求1所述的活组织检查装置,其特征为,所述切割器驱动组件进一步包括连接到平移轴和旋转驱动轴的单输入-双输出齿轮箱组件。
9.如权利要求8所述的活组织检查装置,其特征为,所述切割器驱动组件进一步包括联接在所述平移轴和切割器管之间的平移托架以及联接在旋转驱动轴和切割器管之间的旋转托架。
CNB2005101329765A 2004-12-29 2005-12-29 带有短距离联接的磁共振成像兼容驱动器的针芯取样活组织检查装置 Expired - Fee Related CN100528090C (zh)

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US20060149163A1 (en) 2006-07-06
US20100049086A1 (en) 2010-02-25
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DE602005007694D1 (de) 2008-08-07
US7611474B2 (en) 2009-11-03
AU2005245738B2 (en) 2010-09-02
ES2308407T3 (es) 2008-12-01
AU2005245738A1 (en) 2006-07-13
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