CN100487527C - Method and system for driving a bi-stable display - Google Patents
Method and system for driving a bi-stable display Download PDFInfo
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- CN100487527C CN100487527C CNB2005101035564A CN200510103556A CN100487527C CN 100487527 C CN100487527 C CN 100487527C CN B2005101035564 A CNB2005101035564 A CN B2005101035564A CN 200510103556 A CN200510103556 A CN 200510103556A CN 100487527 C CN100487527 C CN 100487527C
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Abstract
Methods and systems are disclosed for providing video data and display signals. In one embodiment, a system is configured to display video data on an array of bi-stable display elements, where the system includes a processor, a display comprising an array of bi-stable display elements e.g. interferometric modulators, a driver controller for monitoring changes in the relevant image data portion of memory and which is connected to the processor and configured to receive video data from the processor, and an array driver configured to receive video data from the driver controller and display signals from the processor, and to display the video data on the array of bi-stable display elements using the display signals. A method of displaying data on a bi-stable display includes transmitting display signals from a processor to a driver of an array of bi-stable display elements, and updating an image displayed on the array of bi-stable display elements, wherein the updating is based on signals from the driver associated with portions of the image that have changed and performed on a periodic basis that is based at least in part upon the transmitted display signals.
Description
Technical field
Technical field of the present invention relates to MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS).
Background technology
MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) (MEMS) comprises micromechanical component, driver and electronic component.Micromechanical component can adopt deposition, etching or other several portions that can etch away substrate and/or institute's deposited material layer maybe can add several layers and make with the micromachined technology that forms electricity and electromechanical assembly.One type MEMS device is called as interferometric modulator, and it is a kind of bistable display element.Interferometric modulator can comprise the pair of conductive plate, one of them or the two all can be transparent whole or in part and/or be reflectivity, and can relative motion when applying a suitable electric signal.One of them plate can comprise a quiescent layer that is deposited on the substrate, and another plate can comprise a metal partion (metp) that separates by a clearance and this quiescent layer.Said apparatus is with a wide range of applications, and comprises display application, and in this technology, utilizes and/or revises the characteristic of these types of devices so that its performance can be used for improving existing product and makes still undeveloped at present new product is useful with the slope.If a display that comprises a bistable display component array is by together using with existing flat-panel monitor but not is configured to utilize the controller and the driver of the characteristic of bistable display element to operate, then can't utilize favourable refreshing and renewal process and can't reduce the power demand of driving display best.Therefore, expectation has controller and the drive system and the method for the improvement that is used for bi-stable display.
Summary of the invention
System of the present invention, method and device all have many aspects, and arbitrary single aspect all can not determine its desired characteristic separately.Now, its main characteristic is carried out brief discussion, this not delimit the scope of the invention.Checking this argumentation, especially reading title for after the part of " embodiment ", how people provides the advantage that is better than other display device if can understanding feature of the present invention.
One first embodiment comprises a kind of system that is configured to display video data on a bistable display component array, and described system comprises: one is configured to the processor of receiving video data; One comprises the display of a bistable display component array; One driving governor, itself and described processor carry out data communication and are configured to from described processor receiving video data; And array driver, it is configured to receive shows signal from described driving governor receiving video data and from described processor, and further is configured to use described shows signal to show described video data on described bistable display component array.In aspect of first embodiment, described bistable display component array comprises interferometric modulator.In the second aspect of first embodiment, described shows signal is controlled at the speed of display video data on the bistable display component array.In the third aspect of first embodiment, described shows signal comprises the instruction that is used to control a drive scheme of bistable display component array by array driver.In the fourth aspect of first embodiment, described array driver is from described processor receiving area information, described area information identifies a bistable display element group of described bistable display component array, and wherein said shows signal is used to control the refresh rate of the bistable display element group that is identified.First embodiment one the 5th aspect in, described driving governor is a non-bistable display driver controller.First embodiment one the 6th aspect in, described array driver is configured to according to described shows signal described array partition be become one or more zones.First embodiment one the 7th aspect in, described array driver is configured to a stagger scheme display video data.
One second embodiment comprises a kind of system that is used for display video data on a bistable display component array, and described system comprises: a processor; One comprises the display of a bistable display component array; One is connected to the driving governor of described processor, and described driving governor is configured to from described processor receiving video data and described video data is provided and is used on described bistable display component array showing the shows signal of described video data; An and array driver that is connected to described driving governor and display, described array driver is configured to receive described video data and shows signal from described driving governor, and uses described shows signal to show described video data on described bistable display component array.In the first aspect of second embodiment, described bistable display component array comprises the interfere type display element.In the second aspect of second embodiment, described shows signal comprises and is used to be controlled at the information that shows the speed of described video data on the described bistable display component array.In the third aspect of second embodiment, described array driver is from described processor receiving area information, described area information identifies a bistable display element group of described bistable display component array, and wherein said shows signal is used to control the refresh rate of the bistable display element group that is identified.In the fourth aspect of second embodiment, described shows signal comprises the instruction that is used to control a drive scheme of described bistable display component array by described array driver.Second embodiment one the 5th aspect in, described array driver is configured to according to described shows signal described array partition be become one or more zones.Second embodiment one the 6th aspect in, described array driver is configured to a stagger scheme display video data.
One the 3rd embodiment comprises a kind of method of video data, it comprises: the driver that shows signal is transferred to a bistable display component array from a processor, and being updated in the image that shows on the described bistable display component array, wherein said renewal is based on from the signal of described driver and one and implements on the periodic basis based on the shows signal of being transmitted at least in part.In the first aspect of the 3rd embodiment, described method also comprises the demonstration speed of determining video data and produces shows signal according to determined demonstration speed at least in part.In the second aspect of the 3rd embodiment, described method also comprises at least a portion of the shows signal that execution is transmitted, and wherein performed shows signal is used to control the renewal frequency of the shown image of described bistable display component array.In the third aspect of the 3rd embodiment, described method also comprises uses the information that is contained in the described shows signal that described array partition is become one or more bistable display element groups, wherein upgrade shown image and comprise the image that shows on the described one or more bistable display element groups that are updated in described array, each group in wherein said one or more groups all uses the information that is contained in the described shows signal to upgrade with a refresh rate.In the fourth aspect of the 3rd embodiment, described shows signal transfers to array driver from a driving governor.The 3rd embodiment one the 5th aspect in, described shows signal transfers to array driver from a processor.The 3rd embodiment one the 6th aspect in, described bistable display component array comprises interferometric modulator.The 3rd embodiment one the 7th aspect in, be updated in image shown on the described array and comprise with a stagger scheme and show described image.
One the 4th embodiment comprises a kind of system that is used for display video data on bi-stable display, and it comprises: the member that is used for shows signal is transferred to from a processor driver of a bistable display component array; And being used to upgrade member by the shown image of described bistable display component array, wherein said renewal is based on the described shows signal of transmitting.In the first aspect of the 4th embodiment, described bistable display component array comprises interferometric modulator.In the second aspect of the 4th embodiment, described system comprises in addition: be used for determining that one of video data shows the member of speed, and be used for producing according to determined demonstration speed at least in part the member of shows signal.In the third aspect of the 4th embodiment, described system also comprises the member that is used to transmit the information that identifies one group of interferometric modulator, and wherein upgrading shown image is that described bistable display element group is implemented.In the fourth aspect of the 4th embodiment, described shows signal transfers to array driver from a driving governor.One the 5th aspect of the 4th embodiment comprises the member of at least a portion that is used to carry out the refreshing instruction that is transmitted in addition, and wherein performed instruction is used to control the renewal frequency of the shown image of described bistable display component array.The 4th embodiment one the 6th aspect in, described shows signal transfers to array driver from a processor.
One the 5th embodiment comprises a kind of system, and it comprises: the member that is used to provide video data; The member that is used for display video data; And be used for receiving described video data and irrespectively upgrading the member of the described video data on the described member that is used for display video data with the pre-refresh cycle of determining from the described member that is used to provide video data.
One the 6th embodiment comprises a kind of system, and it comprises: the member that is used to provide video data; The member that is used for display video data; And be used for receiving described video data and upgrading the member of the described video data on the described member that is used for display video data with a refresh cycle that can on-the-fly modify from the described member that is used to provide video data.
One the 7th embodiment comprises a kind of system that is configured to display video data on a bistable display component array, and described system comprises: first member that is used for receiving video data; The member that is used for display video data on the element arrays that can watch; Be used for second member that is used for the first member receiving video data of receiving video data from described; And the 3rd member, it is used for from the described second member receiving video data that is used for receiving video data, receives shows signal from described first member that is used for receiving video data; And use described shows signal to be updated in the member of the image that shows on the described array.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the networked system of an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is first-class axle figure, it shows the part of an embodiment of an interferometric modulator array of display, wherein one of one first interferometric modulator removable reflection horizon is in an off-position, and a removable reflection horizon of one second interferometric modulator is in an excited target position.
Fig. 3 A is a system block diagram, and it shows that one comprises an embodiment of the electronic installation of one 3 * 3 interferometric modulator array of display.
Fig. 3 B is the synoptic diagram of the embodiment based on a client computer in the Radio Network System of server shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 C is the exemplary calcspar configuration of client computer shown in Fig. 3 B.
Fig. 4 A is the graph of a relation of removable mirror position and the voltage that applies of an exemplary embodiment of interferometric modulator shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 B is one group of synoptic diagram that can be used for driving the row and column voltage of interferometric modulator array of display.
Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B show an exemplary sequential chart that can be used for writing to the 3 interferometric modulator array of display of 3 x shown in Fig. 3 A the row and column signal of a Frame.
Fig. 6 A is the sectional view of an interferometric modulator shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 6 B is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.
Fig. 6 C is a sectional view of another alternate embodiment of an interferometric modulator.
Fig. 7 is the high-level flowchart of a client computer control procedure.
Fig. 8 one is used to initiate and move the process flow diagram of the client computer control procedure of a reception/procedure for displaying.
Fig. 9 one is used for sending to client computer the process flow diagram of the server controls process of video data.
Figure 10 is the calcspar of the Typical Disposition of demonstration one processor and a driving governor, a driver and a display.
Figure 11 one shows and the calcspar of an embodiment of driving circuit that described demonstration and driving circuit comprise a processor, a driving governor, array driver and a bistable element array of display.
Figure 12 is a process flow diagram, the process of its demonstration one video data on the bistable element array.
Figure 13 one shows and the calcspar of an embodiment of driving circuit that described demonstration and driving circuit comprise a processor, a driving governor, array driver and an array of display.
Figure 14 is a process flow diagram, and it shows the process of another video data on interferometric modulator array.
Figure 15 is a synoptic diagram, and it shows that one is configured to use the array driver of an area update optimizing process.
Figure 16 be one show one can with the synoptic diagram of the mutually integrated controller of array driver.
Embodiment
Hereinafter explanation is at some specific embodiment.But, the present invention can implement by being permitted different ways.Mentioned in this manual " embodiment " or " embodiment " mean in conjunction with the described certain device of this embodiment, structure or feature and are contained among at least one embodiment.Term " in one embodiment ", " according to an embodiment " or " in certain embodiments " of the appearance of diverse location place may not all refer to identical embodiment in this manual, but neither repel the embodiment independent or that substitute of other embodiment.In addition, illustrated that some embodiment can show and various features that other embodiment can not show.Equally, illustrated and to have been required not to be the desired various requirement of other embodiment by some embodiment.
In one embodiment, the display on a kind of device comprises member (for example interferometric modulator) array of meeting display video data above at least one driving circuit and.Described herein video data is meant any displayable data, comprise can static state or the picture, figure and the words that show of the form of dynamic image (for example a series of frame of video that when the observer observes, can provide the motion outward appearance, the stock quotation of for example continuous continuous variation shows, " video clipping " or indicate the data of the existence of an action event).Video data described herein also refers to any control data, comprises the instruction (display mode) of the processing video data about how, for example frame rate, and data layout.Described array is to be driven with display video data by driving circuit.
Current flat-panel monitor controller that has and driver (for example, being used for LCD and plasma scope) have been designed to use with need refresh the display that shows an observable image always.The display of another kind of type comprises a bistable display component array.Can in a time cycle of growing, observe and need not refresh display always at the image that reproduces on the bistable element array, thus relatively low for keeping the required power of shown image.In this display, can use various utilize the bistable display element characteristics refresh and renewal process reduces the power demand of display.If a bistable display component array is by together using with existing flat-panel monitor but not is configured to utilize the controller and the driver of the characteristic of bistable display element to operate, then can't utilize favourable refreshing and renewal process and can't reduce the power demand of driving display best.Therefore, expectation has controller and the drive system and the method for the improvement that is used for bi-stable display.For the bistable display element that comprises interferometric modulator as herein described, the controller of these improvement and driver can be carried out refreshing and renewal process of the special performance that can utilize the bistable display element.
In one embodiment, disclose a kind of system that is used for going up display video data at a client apparatus (for example mobile phone) that comprises an interferometric modulator array of display.Described system uses a typical driving governor to provide video data as array driver.Described array driver also is connected to a processor, and described processor is configured to carry out one or more signals that are used to drive the special procedure for displaying of described array display and send correspondence to described array driver.Described array driver is configured to receive shows signal, reach and use described shows signal to show described video data on described interferometric modulator array from described driving governor receiving video data and from described processor.Shows signal mentioned herein comprises instruction, information, data or the signal that is used to show described video data by array driver.In another embodiment, disclose a kind of system that is used to use bistable driving governor display video data on an interferometric modulator array.In this system, described driving governor is configured to provide described video data and shows signal for show described video data on described interferometric modulator array from described processor receiving video data and to array driver.
In alternate embodiment, described array driver can receive shows signal from a server that communicates with client apparatus.In certain embodiments, from the shows signal of server can by array driver with one with network interface that server communicates between be connected and be sent to array driver.In other embodiments, server is sent to array driver by the processor in the client apparatus with shows signal.
In this explanation, can be with reference to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings, identical parts use identical number-mark from start to finish.The present invention can implement in arbitrary configuration is used for the device of display image (no matter no matter is dynamic image (for example video) or still image (for example rest image), be character image or picture also).More specifically, the present invention can implement in numerous kinds of electronic installations below (but being not limited to) for example or be associated with these electronic installations: mobile phone, wireless device, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer or portable computer, gps receiver/omniselector, camera, the MP3 player, video camera, game machine, wrist-watch, clock, counter, TV monitor, flat-panel monitor, computer monitor, automotive displays (for example mileometer display etc.), the driving cabin control device reaches/the territory display, video camera scenery display (for example backsight video camera display of vehicle), electronic photo, electronics billboard or label, projector, building structure, packing and aesthetic structures (for example image display on jewelry).The MEMS device that has similar structures with MEMS device described herein also can be used for non-display application, for example is used for electronic switching device.
The spatial light modulator that is used for imaging applications has the different form of many kinds.Transmissive type liquid crystal display (LCD) modulator by the control crystalline material reverse and/or orientation with blocking-up or come light is modulated by light.Reflective spatial light modulator then utilizes different physical influences to control the light quantity that reflexes to imaging surface.The example of this reflective modulator comprises reflective LCD and digital micro-mirror device.Another example of spatial light modulator is one by interfering the interferometric modulator that light is modulated.Interferometric modulator is the bistable display element, and it uses one to have at least one optical resonator removable or deflectable wall.The color of the constructive interference decision visible light of outgoing in described chamber in the described optics cavity.When described movably wall (being made of metal at least in part usually) during towards described chamber static positive mobile, the interference of light in the described chamber obtains modulation, and should modulation can influence in the color of the light of the front of modulator place's outgoing.At interferometric modulator is under the situation of direct-viewing type device, and described front normally manifests the surface of the image of being seen by the observer.
Fig. 1 shows the networked system according to an embodiment.One server 2 (for example Web server) but be coupled to a network 3 with mode of operation.Server 2 can be corresponding to a Web server, mobile phone server, push mail server and similar service device.
Network 3 can include spider lines or wireless network, for example WiFi network, mobile telephone network, blueteeth network and similar network.
Network 3 can mode of operation be coupled to various devices.The example that can be coupled to the device of network 3 comprises computing machine (for example laptop computer 4), PDA(Personal Digital Assistant) 5 (it can comprise wireless handheld device, for example Blackberry, Palm Pilot, Pocket PC and similar device), and mobile phone 6 (for example the mobile phone that is started by Web, Smartphone, and similar device).Also can use multiple other devices, for example Desktop PC, set-top box, digital media player, hand-held PC, GPS (GPS) guider, Vehicular display device or other displays static and that move.For ease of discussing, in this article all these devices are referred to as client apparatus 7.
Fig. 2 shows that one comprises the bistable display element embodiment of an interfere type MEMS display element.In these devices, pixel is in bright state or dark state.Under bright (" opening (on) " or " opening (open) ") state, display element reflexes to the user with most of incident visible light.Be in dark (" closing (off) " or " closing (closed) ") state following time, display element reflects the incident visible light to the user hardly.Decide on different embodiment, can put upside down the light reflectance properties that " on " reaches " off " state.The MEMS pixel can be configured to mainly reflect under selected color, also can realize colored the demonstration except that black and white.
Fig. 2 is first-class axle figure, and it shows two adjacent pixels in a series of pixels of a Visual Display array, and wherein each pixel comprises a MEMS interferometric modulator.In certain embodiments, an interferometric modulator array of display comprises a row/column array that is made of these interferometric modulators.Each interferometric modulator comprises a pair of reflection horizon, and this is positioned to each other to have a variable-sized optical resonance cavity at a distance of a variable and controlled distance at least to form one to the reflection horizon.In one embodiment, one of them reflection horizon can be moved between the two positions.Be referred to herein as on the primary importance of release conditions, the local reflex layer that the position of this displaceable layers distance one is fixed is far away relatively.On the second place, the position of this displaceable layers is more closely near this local reflex layer.Decide position according to removable reflection horizon, from the incident light of this two layers reflection can with mutually long or mutually the mode of disappearing interfere, thereby form the mass reflex or the non-reflective state of each pixel.
The pixel array portion that shows in Fig. 2 comprises two adjacent interferometric modulator 12a and 12b.In the interferometric modulator 12a in left side, demonstration one movably high reflection layer 14a is in an off-position, and this off-position is apart from fixing local reflex layer 16a one preset distance.In the interferometric modulator 12b on right side, demonstration one movably high reflection layer 14b is in an excited target position, and this excited target position is near fixing local reflex layer 16b.
When not applying voltage, air gap 19 remains between a layer 14a, the 16a, and deformable layer is in the mechanical relaxed state shown in interferometric modulator pixel 12a among Fig. 2.Yet after a selected row and column applies potential difference (PD), the capacitor that forms at the respective pixel place of described row and column electrode intersection is recharged, and electrostatic force pulls to these electrodes together.If voltage is enough high, then displaceable layers generation deformation, and be forced on the fixed bed (can on fixed bed, deposit a dielectric material (not shown in this Figure), preventing short circuit, and the control separation distance), shown in the interferometric modulator 12b on right side among Fig. 2.Regardless of the potential difference (PD) polarity that is applied, the behavior is all identical.This shows that the may command reflection is similar in many aspects to row/example excitation used in traditional LCD and other display techniques to the row/row excitation of non-reflection interference type modulator state.
Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 shows that one uses the example process and the system of an interferometric modulator array in a display application.Yet this process and system also can be applicable to other displays, for example plasma scope, EL, OLED, STN LCD and TFT LCD display.
Current, existing flat-panel monitor controller and driver are to be designed to almost only together use with the display that need refresh always.Therefore, if in one second, do not refresh many times, will disappear part second of shown image on for example plasma scope, EL, OLED, STN LCD and TFT LCD panel then.Yet, because the interferometric modulator of type mentioned above can make its state keep a longer time cycle under situation about not refreshing, wherein the state of interferometric modulator can remain in one of two states under situation about not refreshing, thereby can will use the display of interferometric modulator to be called bi-stable display.In one embodiment, by applying the state that a bias voltage (be called sometimes and latch voltage) keeps pixel element to the one or more interferometric modulators that constitute pixel element.
Generally speaking, a display device need use one or more controllers and driving circuit correctly to control this display device usually.Driving circuit for example is used to drive the driving circuit of LCD, can directly be bonded to display panel self and along the location, edge of display panel self.Perhaps, driving circuit can be installed on display panel (in its edge) is connected on the flexible circuit element of remainder of an electronic system.In both cases, driver all is usually located at the interface of display panel and described electronic system remainder.
Fig. 3 A is a system block diagrams, and it shows that one can comprise some embodiment of the electronic installation of various aspects.In this exemplary embodiment, described electronic installation comprises a processor 21 1, and it can be any general purpose single-chip or multicore sheet microprocessor, for example ARM,
Pro, 8051,
Power
Or any special microprocessor, for example digital signal processor, microcontroller or programmable gate array.According to convention in the industry, processor 21 can be configured to carry out one or more software modules.Except that carrying out an operating system, also this processor can be configured to carry out one or more software applications, comprise web browser, telephony application, e-mail program or any other software application.
Fig. 3 A shows the embodiment of an electronic installation, and described electronic installation comprises that one is connected to the network interface 27 of a processor 21, and according to some embodiment, described network interface can be connected to array driver 22.Network interface 27 comprises suitable hardware and software, so that described device can carry out reciprocation by a network and another device (server 2 for example shown in Figure 1).Processor 21 is connected to driving governor 29, and driving governor 29 is connected to array driver 22 and frame buffer 28 again.In certain embodiments, processor 21 also is connected to array driver 22.Array driver 22 is connected to and drives array of display 30.Each assembly shown in Fig. 3 A shows the configuration of an interferometric modulator display.Yet this configuration also can be used with lcd controller and driver in LCD.As shown in Figure 3A, driving governor 29 is connected to processor 21 by a bus 36 in parallel.Although a driving governor 29 (a for example lcd controller) usually as one independently integrated circuit (IC) be associated with system processor 21, these controllers can make up by many kinds of modes.It can be used as hardware and is embedded in the processor 21, is embedded in the processor 21 or fully-integrated with example, in hardware and array driver 22 as software.In one embodiment, driving governor 29 receives the display message that is produced by processor 21, with this information suitably reformatting so that the information of high-speed transfer after to array of display 30, will formaing then is sent to array driver 22.
The self-driven controllers 29 of array driver 22 receive the information after the format and video data are reformated into one group of parallel waveform, and the parallel waveform per second of this group many times is applied to from hundreds of of the x-y pel array of display, thousands of lead-in wires sometimes.Existing flat-panel monitor controller and driver (for example above just described) are to be designed to almost only together use with the display that need refresh always.Because bi-stable display (for example interferometric modulator array) does not need thisly to refresh right, thereby can utilize bi-stable display to realize the feature of cpable of lowering power demand.Yet,, may not make the advantage optimization of bi-stable display if use the controller and the driver that together use with existing display to operate bi-stable display.Therefore, expectation has controller and the drive system and the method for the improvement that is used for bi-stable display.For the high speed bi-stable display, interferometric modulator for example mentioned above, the preferable execution of the controller of these improvement and driver is hanged down refresh rate pattern, video rate refresh mode and is used to realize the unique pattern of the unique function of bistable modulator.According to method and system as herein described, bi-stable display can be configured to reduce in every way power demand.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A, array driver 22 is by data link 31 self processors 21 receiving video datas of walking around driving governor 29.Data link 31 can comprise serial peripheral interface (" SPI "), I
2C bus, universal serial bus or any other interface that can have.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A, processor 21 provides array to array driver 22, so that array driver 22 can be optimized the power needs of array of display 30 (for example interferometric modulator display).In one embodiment, for example intending being used for can be by the packet header message identification and by data link 31 transmission by the video data of the part of the display of server 2 defineds.In addition, processor 21 can be routed to array driver 22 along data link 31 with primitive such as for example graphic primitives.These graphic primitives can for example be used to draw the primitive of shape and text corresponding to instruction.
Still referring to Fig. 3 A, in one embodiment, video data can provide to array driver 22 by data link 33 automatic network interfaces 27.In one embodiment, the control information that network interface 27 is analyzed from server 2 transmission, and whether decision should be routed to processor 21 or array driver 22 with the video of input.
In one embodiment, the video data that provides by data link 33 is not stored in the frame buffer 28 as common situation in many examples.Should also be clear that in certain embodiments, also can use one second driving governor (not shown) to provide video data as array driver 22.Data link 33 can comprise SPI, I
2C bus or any other interface that can have.Array driver 22 also can comprise address decoder, row and row driver and the similar device of display.Network interface 27 also can be at least in part in response to provide to the video data of network interface 27 embedded instruction and video data is directly provided to array driver 22.
It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that and to use arbitrated logic to control the visit of being undertaken by network interface 27 and processor 21, to prevent data collision occurring at array driver 22 places.In one embodiment, one driver in operation on the processor 21 passed through during the time interval of not used by processor 21 usually, for example during being generally used for the time interval that vertical blanking postpones and/or horizontal blanking postpones, allow the data transmission of automatic network interface 27, control the timing of described data transmission to array driver 22.
Preferably, this design allows server 2 to walk around processor 21 and driving governor 29, and directly the part of array of display 30 is carried out addressing.For example, in the embodiment shown, this allows server 2 directly addressing to be carried out in the array of display zone of the pre-regulation of one in the array of display 30.In one embodiment, the data volume that transmits between network interface 27 and array driver 22 is relatively low, thereby uses for example (I between integrated circuit
2C) universal serial bus such as bus or serial peripheral interface (SPI) bus transmits.Yet, should also be clear that and when utilizing the display of other types, also will use other circuit usually.The video data that provides by data link 33 can advantageously show under the situation of no frame buffer 28 and the intervention that has little or no from processor 21.
Fig. 3 A shows that also one is coupled to the configuration of the processor 21 of a driving governor 29 (for example interferometric modulator controller).Driving governor 29 is coupled to array driver 22, and array driver is connected to array of display 30 again.In this embodiment, driving governor 29 realizes the optimization of array of display 30 and provides information to array driver 22, and need not to have independent being connected between array driver 22 and processor 21.In certain embodiments, processor 21 can be configured to communicate with a driving governor 29, and driving governor 29 can comprise that one is used for temporarily storing the frame buffer 28 of one or more video data frames.
As shown in Figure 3A, in one embodiment, array driver 22 comprises a horizontal drive circuit 24 and the column drive circuit 26 that signal is provided to a pixel array of display 30.Array section shown in Fig. 2 illustrates with line 1-1 in Fig. 3 A.For the MEMS interferometric modulator, described row/row excitation protocol can utilize the hysteresis property of these devices shown in Fig. 4 A.It for example may need, and one 10 volts potential difference (PD) makes a displaceable layers be deformed into actuated state from release conditions.Yet, when described voltage when this value reduces, reduce when being back to below 10 volts at described voltage, described displaceable layers will keep its state.In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A, before voltage drop was low to moderate below 2 volts, displaceable layers can not discharge fully.Therefore, in the example shown in Fig. 4 A, exist one to be approximately the voltage range that 3-7 lies prostrate, exist one to apply voltage window in this voltage range, described device is stabilized in and discharges or actuated state in this window.Be referred to as " lag windwo " or " stability window " in this article.
For an array of display with hysteresis characteristic shown in Fig. 4 A, OK/the row excitation protocol can be designed to be expert at during the gating, the pixel that is energized is applied about 10 a volts voltage difference to selected in current, and to d/d pixel being applied one near 0 volt voltage difference.After gating, it is poor to apply about 5 a volts steady state voltage to pixel, and gating makes its residing any state so that its maintenance is expert at.After being written into, in this example, each pixel is all born one and is in " stability window " interior potential difference (PD) that 3-7 lies prostrate.This characteristic makes pixel design shown in Figure 2 be stabilized in an existing foment or release conditions under identical the voltage conditions that applies.Because each pixel of interferometric modulator, no matter be in foment or release conditions, basically all be one by described fixed reflector and capacitor that mobile reflection horizon constituted, therefore, this steady state (SS) can be kept under the voltage in the lag windwo and consumed power hardly.If the current potential that is applied is constant, then there is not electric current to flow into pixel basically.
In the typical case uses, can be by determining that according to one group of desired actuated pixels in first row one group of row electrode forms a display frame.After this, a horizontal pulse is put on the electrode of the 1st row, thereby encourage the pixel corresponding with determined alignment.After this, determined one group of row electrode is become corresponding with desired one group of actuated pixels in second row.After this, with a pulse put on the 2nd the row electrode, thereby according to determined row electrode encourage the 2nd the row in respective pixel.The pixel of the 1st row is not subjected to the influence of the pulse of the 2nd row, thereby the state that keeps it to set at the impulse duration of the 1st row.The property mode repeats above-mentioned steps to the row of whole series in order, to form described frame.Usually, repeating this process continuously by the speed with a certain desired frame number/second to refresh and/or upgrade these frames with new video data.Also have a variety of row and the row electrodes that are used to drive pel array to be known also and can be used by people with the agreement that forms the array of display frame.
Fig. 3 B shows an embodiment of a client apparatus 7.Exemplary client computer 40 comprises a shell 41, a display 42, an antenna 43, a loudspeaker 44, an input media 48, reaches a microphone 46.Shell 41 comprises injection moulding and vacuum forming usually by any the making in the known many kinds of manufacturing process of those skilled in the art.In addition, shell 41 can include but not limited to plastics, metal, glass, rubber and pottery by any the making in the many kinds of materials, or the one combination.In one embodiment, shell 41 comprises the moveable part (not shown) that can have different colours with other or comprise the moveable part exchange of unlike signal, picture or symbol.
The display 42 of exemplary client computer 40 can be any in the numerous kinds of displays, comprises reference example such as Fig. 2,3A and the described bi-stable display of 4-6 as mentioned.
In other embodiments, display 42 comprises flat-panel monitors such as plasma scope for example mentioned above, EL, OLED, STN LCD or TFT LCD or non-tablet display such as CRT or other tube arrangements for example, and these displays are known by the those skilled in the art.Yet for ease of the explanation present embodiment, display 42 comprises just like interferometric modulator display as herein described.
Fig. 3 C schematically shows the assembly among the embodiment of exemplary display device 40.Example illustrated demonstration client computer 40 comprises a shell 41 and can comprise that other are at least partially enclosed within the assembly in the shell 41.For example, in one embodiment, exemplary client computer 2040 comprises a network interface 27, and this network interface 27 comprises that one is coupled to the antenna 43 of a transceiver 47.Transceiver 47 is connected to processor 21, and processor 21 is connected to again regulates hardware 52.Regulate hardware 52 and be connected to a loudspeaker 44 and a microphone 46.Processor 21 also is connected to an input media 48 and a driving governor 29.Driving governor 29 is coupled to one frame buffer 28 and is coupled to array driver 22, and array driver 22 is coupled to an array of display 30 again.One power supply 50 provides power according to the designing requirement of this specific example client computer 40 to all component.
The overall operation of processor 21 common control examples client computer 40, as hereinafter being described in more detail, server 2 can be shared or give to operation control also with server 2 (not shown) certainly.In one embodiment, processor 21 comprises a microcontroller, CPU or is used for the logical block of the operation of control examples client computer 40.Regulating hardware 52 generally includes and is used for sending signals and from the amplifier and the wave filter of microphone 46 received signals to loudspeaker 44.Adjusting hardware 52 can be the discrete component in the exemplary client computer 40, perhaps can incorporate in processor 21 or other assemblies.
In one embodiment, microphone is the input media of exemplary client computer 40.When using microphone, can provide voice command to come the operation of control examples client computer 40 by the user to device input data.
In one embodiment, driving governor 29, array driver 22, and array of display 30 be applicable to the display of arbitrary type as herein described.For example, in one embodiment, driving governor 29 is a traditional display controller or bistable display controllers (a for example interferometric modulator controller).In another embodiment, array driver 22 is a legacy drive or a bistable display driver (a for example interferometric modulator display).In another embodiment, array of display 30 is a typical array of display or a bistable array of display (a for example display that comprises an interferometric modulator array).
In one embodiment, array driver 22 comprises a register, this register can be set to a predefined value, is a stagger scheme and should be shown on the bi-stable display with a stagger scheme with indication institute input video stream, and video flowing is not converted to the progressive scan form.In this way, bi-stable display does not need interlaced video data is interlocked-the progressive scan conversion.
In certain embodiments, the control programmability is present in several locational display controllers that can be arranged in electronic display system as mentioned above.In some cases, the control programmability is present in the array driver 22 of the interface between electronic display system and display assembly self.The those skilled in the art will know, can number of hardware arbitrarily and/the territory component software in and in different configurations, implement above-mentioned optimization.
In one embodiment, circuit is to be embedded in the array driver 22, and to utilize the following fact: the set of the output signal of most of graphics controllers all comprises a signal that is used for describing the horizontal active region that array of display 30 is addressed.This horizontal active region can change by the register setting value in the driving governor 29.These register setting values can be changed by processor 21.This signal is commonly called display and enables (DE) signal.In addition, most of display video interfaces all utilize a horizontal pulse (LP) or a horizontal synchronizationization (HSYNC) signal, with the end of indication data line.The circuit that pair of L P counts can be determined the vertical position of current line.When refresh signal is regulated, making up an area update function according to the DE of from processor 21 (sending the signal of horizontal zone) and LP counter circuit (sending the signal in vertical zone).
In one embodiment, a driving governor 29 integrates with array driver 22.This embodiment is very common in the integrated system of for example cellular phone, wrist-watch and other small-area display equal altitudes.Special circuit in this integrated array driver 22 determines that at first which pixel thereby which row need refresh, and only selects those row with the pixel that has changed to upgrade.By sort circuit, can carry out addressing to specific row by non-succession order, view with changing as content.The advantage of this embodiment is, owing to only need to send the video data that has changed by interface, thereby can reduce the data rate between processor 21 and the array of display 30.By reducing required effective data rate between processor 21 and the array driver 22, can improve power consumption, noise immunity and the electromagnetic interference problem of system.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 show a kind of possible excitation protocol that is used for forming a display frame on 3 * 3 arrays shown in Fig. 3 A.Fig. 4 B shows one group of possible row and column voltage level of can be used for having the pixel of hysteresis curve shown in Fig. 4 A.In the embodiment of Fig. 4 A/4B, encourage a pixel to comprise and be set to-V being listed as accordingly
Bias, and will go accordingly be set to+Δ V-its can correspond respectively to-5 volts and+5 volts.Discharging pixel then can be set to+V by being listed as accordingly
BiasAnd will go accordingly and be set to identical+Δ V, form one 0 volts potential difference (PD) at described pixel two ends thus and realize.In the row of 0 volt of those wherein capable voltages maintenance, pixel is stable at its initial residing state, and is in+V with these row
BiasStill-V
BiasIrrelevant.Equally, encouraging a pixel to comprise is set to+V being listed as accordingly
Bias, will go accordingly be set to+Δ V-its can correspond respectively to 5 volts and-5 volts.Discharging pixel then can be set to-V by being listed as accordingly
BiasAnd will go accordingly and be set to identical-Δ V, form one 0 volts potential difference (PD) at described pixel two ends thus and realize.In the row of 0 volt of those wherein capable voltages maintenance, pixel is stable at its initial residing state, and is in+V with these row
BiasStill-V
BiasIrrelevant.
Fig. 5 B is the sequential chart of a series of row of demonstration and column signal, and these signals put on 3 * 3 arrays shown in Fig. 3 A, and it will form the demonstration shown in Fig. 5 A and arrange that wherein actuated pixels is non-reflectivity.Before writing the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel can be in any state, and in this example, all row all are in 0 volt, and all row all be in+5 volts.Under these institute's voltages that apply, all pixels are stable at its existing actuated state or release conditions.
In the frame shown in Fig. 5 A, pixel (1,1), (1,2), (2,2), (3,2) and (3,3) are encouraged.For realizing this effect, during " line time " of the 1st row, the 1st row and the 2nd row are set at-5 volts, and the 3rd row are set at+5 volts.This can not change the state of any pixel, because all pixels all remain in the stability window of 3-7 volt.After this, rise to 5 volts of pulses that are back to 0 volt that descend again then by one from 0 volt and come gating the 1st row.Actuate pixel (1,1) and (1,2) and discharge pixel (1,3) thus.Other pixel in the array is all unaffected.For the 2nd row is set at desired state, the 2nd row is set at-5 volts, and the 1st row and the 3rd row are set at+5 volts.After this, apply identical strobe pulse with actuate pixel (2,2) and discharge pixel (2,1) and (2,3) to the 2nd row.Equally, other pixel in the array is all unaffected.Similarly, by the 2nd row and the 3rd row are set at-5 volts and be listed as the 1st be set at+5 volts come the 3rd capable the setting.The strobe pulse of the 3rd row is set at the state shown in Fig. 5 A with the 3rd row pixel.After writing incoming frame, the row current potential is 0, and the row current potential can remain on+5 or-5 volts, and after this display will be stable at the layout shown in Fig. 5 A.Should be appreciated that, can use identical programs the array that constitutes by tens of or hundreds of row and columns.The timing, order and the level that should also be clear that the voltage that is used to implement the row and column excitation can alter a great deal in above-described General Principle, and above-mentioned example only is exemplary, can use any actuation voltage method.
Detailed structure according to the interferometric modulator of above-mentioned principle operation can be ever-changing.For example, Fig. 6 A-6C shows three kinds of different embodiment of moving lens structure.Fig. 6 A is a sectional view embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, wherein deposition one reflective material band 14 on the support member 18 of quadrature.In Fig. 6 B, reflecting material 14 only is at corner and is attached to support member 18 on the tethers 32.In Fig. 6 C, reflecting material 14 is suspended on the deformable layer 34.Because the structural design and the material therefor of reflecting material 14 can be optimized aspect optical characteristics, and the structural design of deformable layer 34 and material therefor can be optimized aspect the desired mechanical property, so this embodiment has some advantages.In many open files, comprise in the open application case of (for example) No. 2004/0051929 U.S., the manufacturing of various dissimilar interference devices has been described.Can use the known technology of a variety of people to make said structure, comprise a series of material depositions, patterning and etching step.
Fig. 7 shows the embodiment of a technological process, and it shows the high level flow chart of a client apparatus 7 control procedures.This flow chart description is used for showing with graphics mode the process of the video data that receives from a server 2 by network 3 by a client apparatus 7 (for example laptop computer 4, PDA5 or mobile phone 6) that is connected to a network 3.Decide on embodiment, can delete, add and reset the state among Fig. 7.
Refer again to Fig. 7, from state 74 beginnings, client apparatus 7 sends the signal that an indication client apparatus 7 has been got ready for video by network 3 to server 2.In one embodiment, the user can electronic installation such as mobile phone begins process shown in Figure 7 by for example connecting.Proceed to state 76 then, client apparatus 7 starts its control procedure.Hereinafter further discuss the example that starts a control procedure with reference to Fig. 8.
Fig. 8 shows the embodiment of a technological process, and this figure shows that one is used to start and move the process flow diagram of client apparatus 7 control procedures of a control procedure.This process flow diagram shows the described state 76 with reference to Fig. 7 in greater detail.Decide on embodiment, can delete, add and reset the state among Fig. 8.
Begin in decision-making state 84, client apparatus 7 determines whether the activity at client apparatus 7 places needs to start an application program at client apparatus 7 places or whether whether server 2 resided in the application program at client apparatus 7 places to client apparatus 7 transmission one execution one for execution or request from server 2 to client apparatus 7 transmission one application program.If do not need to start an application program, then client apparatus 7 remains in decision-making state 84.After starting an application program, proceed to state 86, client apparatus 7 startups one make the process of client apparatus reception and display video data.The storer of client apparatus 7 be transmitted or can be downloaded to described video data can as a stream for later visit from server 2.Video data can be video or rest image or text or pictorial information.Video data also can have various compression coding modes and can be the video data of staggered or progressive scan, and has various refresh rate.Array of display 30 may be partitioned into the zone with arbitrary shape and size, and wherein each zone receives to have and only is the video data of the peculiar characteristic in this zone (for example refresh rate or compression coding mode).These zones can change video data characteristics and shape and size.But these zone opening and closing also can be opened again.With video data, client apparatus 7 also can receive control data.Control data can comprise the order about for example video data characteristics (for example compression coding mode, refresh rate, and video data staggered or progressive scan) that is sent to client apparatus 7 from server 2.Control data can comprise and be used to the different instruction cutting apart the steering order of array of display 30 and be used for the zones of different of array of display 30.
In an exemplary embodiment, server 2 sends control data and video data by a wireless network 3 to a PDA, with the upper right corner at array of display 30 produce a clock that upgrades continuously, produce a picture that shows with the lantern slide form in the upper left corner of array of display 30, along the lower area of array of display 30 produce a ball match the score that periodically updates, and on whole array of display 30, produce one of continuous rolling and remind the cloud form bubble of buying bread to remind mark.Video data corresponding to the photo that shows with the lantern slide form resides in after download in the PDA storer, and is a stagger scheme.Clock and ball match video data are from server 2 stream transmission texts.The prompting mark is the text with figure, and it is the progressive scan form.Should be appreciated that shown here only is an exemplary embodiment.Also can have other embodiment, and these embodiment are included and are still belonged in the category of this explanation by state 86.
Proceed to decision-making state 88, client apparatus 7 is searched an order from server 2, and for example an order of reorientating a zone of array of display 30, the order or of refresh rate that changes a zone of array of display 30 exits command.
After receiving an order from server 2, client apparatus 7 proceeds to decision-making state 90, and determines that whether order received when being in decision-making state 88 is one to exit command.If when being in decision-making state 90, the order of determining when being in decision-making state 88 to be received is one to exit command, and then client apparatus 7 continues to state 98, stops to carry out described application program and resets.Client apparatus 7 also can be sent to server 2 with state or other information, and/or can receive this similar communication from server 2.Do not exit command if determine the order that receives from server 2 when being in decision-making state 88 when being in decision-making state 90, then client apparatus 7 is back to state 86.If when being in decision-making state 88, do not receive order from server 2, then client apparatus 7 proceeds to decision-making state 92, in decision-making state 92, client apparatus 7 is searched an order from the user, and for example an order or that stops a zone of update displayed array 30 exits command.If when being in decision-making state 92, client apparatus 7 does not receive order from the user, and then client apparatus 7 is back to decision-making state 88.If when being in decision-making state 92, receive an order from the user, then client apparatus 7 proceeds to decision-making state 94, and in decision-making state 94, client apparatus 7 determines that whether the order that receives is one to exit command in decision-making state 92.If when being in decision-making state 94, the order that receives from the user when being in decision-making state 92 is not one to exit command, and then client apparatus 7 self-decision states 94 proceed to state 96.At state 96 places, the user command that client apparatus 7 is received when server 2 is sent in the state 92 of being in, for example one stops the order in a zone of update displayed array 30, and after this it is back to decision-making state 88.If when being in decision-making state 94, the order of determining when being in decision-making state 92 to be received from the user is one to exit command, and then client apparatus 7 continues to state 98, and stops to carry out described application program.Client apparatus 7 also can be sent to server 2 with state or other information, and/or can receive this similar communication from server 2.
Fig. 9 shows that one is used for sending to client apparatus 7 control procedure of video datas by server 2.Server 2 to client apparatus 7 send control information and video data for demonstration.Decide on embodiment, can delete, add or reset the state among Fig. 9.
From state 124 beginning, server 2 waits for that among embodiment (1) one passes through the request of data of network 3 from client apparatus 7, perhaps in embodiment (2), and server 2 transmission video datas and do not wait for request of data from client apparatus 7.These two embodiment have included wherein server 2 or client apparatus 7 can initiate to make video data to be sent to the situation of the request of client apparatus 7 from server 2.
Server 2 continues to decision-making state 128, determines whether to receive from the ready response of the indication client apparatus 7 of client apparatus 7 (ready transport indicator) in decision-making state 128.If do not receive ready transport indicator when the state 128 of being in, then server 2 remains in decision-making state 128 until receiving a ready transport indicator.
In case receive ready transport indicator, server 2 promptly proceeds to state 126, and in state 126, server 2 sends control data to client apparatus 7.The storer of client apparatus 7 be transmitted or can be downloaded to described control data can as a stream for later visit from server 2.Described control data can be divided into the zone with arbitrary shape and size with array of display 30, and can be a certain specific region or All Ranges definition video data characteristics, for example refresh rate or stagger scheme.Control data can make these zones open or close or open again.
Continue to state 130, server 2 sends video data.The storer of client apparatus 7 be transmitted or can be downloaded to described video data can as a stream for later visit from server 2.Video data can comprise moving image or rest image, text or picture.Video data also can have various compression coding modes and can be the video data of staggered or progressive scan, and has various refresh rate.Each zone can receive to have and only be the video data of the peculiar characteristic in this zone (for example refresh rate or compression coding mode).
Server 2 proceeds to decision-making state 132, and in decision-making state 132, server 2 is searched an order from the user, a for example order that stops a zone of update displayed array 30, increases the order of refresh rate or exits command.If when being in decision-making state 132, server 2 receives an order from the user, and then server 2 proceeds to state 134.At state 134 places, server 2 is carried out the order that receives from the user in state 132, proceed to decision-making state 138 then.If when being in decision-making state 132, server 2 does not receive order from the user, and then server 2 proceeds to decision-making state 138.
In state 138, server 2 determines whether client apparatus 7 needs to take measures, and for example take measures reception and stored video data are for follow-up demonstration, increase message transmission rate or expect that next group video data is a stagger scheme.If when being in decision-making state 138, server 2 is determined needs client computer to take a measure, and then server 2 proceeds to state 140, in state 140, server 2 sends an order of taking this measure to client apparatus 7, and after this server 2 proceeds to state 130.If when being in decision-making state 138, server 2 is determined does not need client computer to take a measure, and then server 2 proceeds to decision-making state 142.
Continue to decision-making state 142, server 2 determines whether end data is transmitted.If in decision-making state 142, server 2 determines not end data transmission, and then server 2 is back to state 130.If when being in decision-making state 142, server 2 decision end data transmission, then server 2 proceeds to state 144, and in state 144, server 2 end data are transmitted and are sent one to client computer and withdraw from message.Server 2 also can be to client apparatus 7 transferring status datas or other information, and/or can receive this similar communication from client apparatus 7.
Figure 10 is the calcspar of the Typical Disposition of a demonstration one drive circuit and corresponding display.For example, assembly shown in Figure 10 shows that one is used to drive the Typical Disposition of the LCD driving circuit of a LCD 240, and described LCD driving circuit has a LCD driving governor 220 and a lcd driver 230.
In Figure 10, LCD driving governor 220 processors 210 (for example processor 210 of personal computer, personal digital assistant or digital telephone) common and the associated electrical system are united use.Although driving governor 220 common conducts independently integrated circuit (IC) are associated with processor 210, yet this driving governor 220 can make up by many kinds of modes.For example, driving governor 220 can be used as hardware and is embedded in the processor 210, is embedded in the processor 210 or fully-integrated with example, in hardware and array driver 230 as software.In one embodiment, driving governor 220 receive the display message that produces by processor 210, with this information suitably reformatting in case high-speed transfer to array of display 240, and will format after information be sent to driver 230 to be used for display video data on array of display 240.
Figure 11 is a calcspar of simplifying, an embodiment of electronic installation shown in its displayed map 3A.In this embodiment, described device comprises the processor 21 that is connected to driving governor 29.Bistable array driver 22 is connected to processor 21 and is connected to driving governor 29 by data link 31.Array driver 22 provides signal with display video data to bistable array of display 30.In this embodiment, array of display 30 is an interferometric modulator display.Array driver 22 can advantageously be configured to utilize one or more meetings to reduce the procedure for displaying of the power demand of array of display 30.Hereinafter will discuss several processes in these procedure for displaying further in detail.
As shown in figure 11, array driver 22 can be used to control driving governor 29 receiving video datas of typical displays (for example LCD) certainly.For utilization can be used for refreshing and/or upgrading the procedure for displaying of bistable display element, array driver 22 also is coupled to processor 21 by a data link 31.Processor 21 is configured as the bistable display element and carries out favourable procedure for displaying.Data link 31 can be any data link that is suitable for shows signal self processor 21 is sent to array driver 22.In one embodiment, data link 31 can comprise a serial peripheral interface (" SPI ") or another suitable interface.In the embodiment shown in fig. 11, processor 21 provides instruction to come video data with the procedure for displaying that reduces the power demand of array of display 30 according to meeting to array driver 22.Embodiment illustrated in fig. 11 make driving circuit comprise one can extensively obtain be not the special configuration driving governor 29 (for example lcd controller) that is used to drive the bistable array of display-for example non-bistable driving governor the time, can utilize the feature of array of display 30.By using a driving governor common, that can extensively obtain, can reduce the cost and the complexity of the feature that makes up array of display.
Figure 12 is a process flow diagram, and its demonstration one is according to an embodiment of embodiment process 400 of video data on a bistable display component array of driving circuit shown in Figure 11.Particularly, the process among Figure 12 400 shows that use non-bistable driving governor 29 shown in Figure 11 drives an array of display 30.
In the state 410 of process 400, array driver 22 is from non-bistable driving governor 29 receiving video datas.Because driving governor 29 is a non-bistable driving governor, thereby driving governor 29 does not provide shows signal to come specific displaying scheme video data on array of display 30 that can advantageously utilize the characteristic of bistable display element according to array driver 22.Therefore, be not that self-driven controller 29 receives shows signal, in state 420, array driver 22 uses data link 31 self processors 21 shown in Figure 11 to receive shows signal.In state 430, owing to received video data and suitable shows signal, thereby the shows signal display video data on array of display 30 that in state 430, uses self processor 21 to receive.In the alternate embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A, array driver 22 receives shows signal by network interface 27 (Fig. 3 A) from server 2 (Fig. 1).In this embodiment, server 2 is configured to determine that one is used for sending corresponding shows signal with display video data on array 30 correspondingly at the procedure for displaying of display video data on the array 30 and to array driver 22.
Figure 13 is the calcspar of the simplification of another embodiment of electronic installation shown in the displayed map 3A.In Figure 13, processor 21 is connected to driving governor 29, and in the present embodiment, driving governor 29 is a bistable driving governor.Driving governor 29 is connected to array driver 22, and array driver is connected to array of display 30 again.In the present embodiment, driving governor 29 is configured to have display renewal and refresh process and provides the signal that can be reduced in the required power of video data on the array of display 30 to array driver 22, and need not to have independent being connected between array driver 22 and processor 21.This embodiment further is shown among Figure 14, Figure 14 show one be used for according to embodiment illustrated in fig. 13 on a bistable display component array process 500 of video data.In the state 510 of process 500, array driver 22 is from a bistable driving governor 29 receiving video datas.In state 520, array driver 22 also receives shows signal from bistable driving governor 29.In state 530, the shows signal display video data on array of display 30 that uses self-driven controller 29 to receive.
As most of flat-panel monitors, bi-stable display consumes its most of power between frame updating period.Therefore, be saving power, hope can be controlled the renewal frequency of bi-stable display.For example, if the variation between the consecutive frame of a video flowing is very little, then can be more refresh display continually not, and can or can not undermine image quality hardly.As an example, in the desk-top application of typical PC, the image quality that on interferometric modulator display, shows will be can be because of refresh rate reduces variation, this is because interferometric modulator display is not easy to cause flicker because of reducing refresh rate as other displays of great majority.Therefore, in service in some application, the PC display system can reduce for example refresh rate of bistable display element such as interferometric modulator, and very little to the influence of the output of display.
Similarly, if the refresh rate of display device is higher than the frame rate that display is fed, then display device can reduce power demand by reducing refresh rate.Although on common display such as for example LCD, can not reduce refresh rate, yet bi-stable display (for example interferometric modulator display) can make the state of pixel element keep a longer time cycle, thereby can reduce refresh rate when needed.As an example, can refresh (refresh rate is 1/60sec=16.67ms) with the speed of per second 60 times if the frame rate of the video flowing that shows is 15Hz and bistable PDA display on a PDA, but then typical each Frame of bi-stable display upgrades nearly for four times to display.For example, the frame rate of 15Hz is that every 66.67ms upgrades once.For a refresh rate is the bi-stable display of 16.67ms, and each frame can show on display device nearly 66.67ms/16.67ms=4 time.Yet refreshing each time of display device all needs certain power, thereby can reduce power by reducing the number of times that display device is upgraded.As for above-mentioned example, when using bi-stable display device, but each frame of video is eliminated nearly the output that refreshes for 3 times and can not influence display.More specifically, because the connection and the off-state of pixel do not need pixel is refreshed and can be maintained in the bi-stable display, thereby one the Frame from video flowing only need on display device, upgrade once, remain to then till a new frame of video prepares to show always.Therefore, bi-stable display can not reduce power demand by not showing with being refreshed before can obtaining a new frame of video.
In one embodiment, skip some frames in the video flowing according to one programmable " frame-skipping count value ".Referring to Figure 11 and 13, in certain embodiments, array of display driver 22 is programmed for to be skipped the several times that bi-stable display can have and refreshes.In one embodiment, the register-stored one in the array driver 22 is represented the value of a frame-skipping count value, and for example 0,1,2,3,4,5 or the like.Then, array driver 22 addressable these registers are so that definite frequency that array of display 30 is refreshed.For example, value 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 can represent each frame of driver respectively, every a frame, per three frames, per four frames, per five frames, and per six frame updates once.In one embodiment, this register can pass through a communication bus (parallel or serial type) or a direct serial link (for example, by a SPI) is programmed.In another embodiment, register can be from programming with the direct connection of a driving governor (for example, driving governor 29 (Figure 12)).Simultaneously, for no longer needing the communication port of any serial or parallel beyond the above-mentioned high speed data transmission link, can be at the controller place register programming information be embedded in the data transmission stream and at the driver place and extract from this stream.
In one embodiment, the user of array of display 30 decision will be stored in the frame-skipping count value in the array driver 22.Then, the user can be updated periodically this frame-skipping count value according to the concrete purposes of for example bi-stable display.In another embodiment, processor 21 or driving governor 29 are configured to monitor the use of array of display 30 and revise the frame-skipping count value automatically.For example, driving governor 29 can determine a video feed in the variation of each succession frame very little, thereby the frame-skipping count value is set at one greater than 0 value.In the embodiment shown in fig. 11, processor 21 can be configured by data link 31 or transmits the frame-skipping count value by the data that are embedded in the high-speed data-flow.In one embodiment, processor 21 or driving governor 29 can partly be set the frame-skipping count value according to one by user-selected video quality and video properties at that time.
One of them center function of described controller is will representative to intend the data formatting of the image show and be sent to driver on display.This view data resides in the specific part of the storer of wherein staying the system that has described controller usually.Because array of display 30 does not need to upgrade when keeping an image always, thereby in one embodiment, the variation of the associated picture data division of driving governor 29 or processor 21 monitoring storeies also only is sent to bi-stable display with the part that is associated with the image section that has changed in the view data.In this way, can reduce change by the part that has changed of refresh display only to array of display 30.Ability on concrete bi-stable display is decided, and these variations can send on the pixel basis one by one, both can define to send on the basis, rectangular area that vertical boundary also can define horizontal boundary or only define on the basis, rectangular area of vertical size one one and send.
Be similar to the embodiment that frame-skipping mentioned above is optimized, can implement area update optimization by the one or more registers in the array driver 22, wherein said register can be by driving governor 29 automated programmings or by processor 21 programmings.In one embodiment, array driver 22 comprises the register of the part that can define whole viewing area.Be in operation, array driver 22 can be passed to the video data of the part that described register defined array of display 30.Thereby, thereby except that reducing the power demand that required pixel varied number reduces array of display 30, also because of will only using a part that reduces of data bandwidth between driving governor 29 and the array of display 30 further to realize the reduction of power.In one embodiment, for example, the bi-stable display on the mobile phone can show the current time with the HH.MM.SS. form at the corner of display.Driving governor 29 or processor 21 can automatically and/or according to user's input determine that the sub-fraction of current renewal bi-stable display and the value of adjusting in the register define this zone.Therefore, that part that is only changing in the refresh display.In this example, also can set a frame-skipping register is used in combination with area update.More specifically, the jump rate register can be set for make the zone defined in the area update register for example per second only upgrade once.In this way, can further reduce power by the combination of various optimizations.
Most of images as Computer Graphic Demonstration be with complete " gradual " mode in each frame time from the top to bottom scan, wherein gradual meaning from the top of display scanned each row successively to the bottom of display.Yet, most of entertainment contents, for example TV receiver, VCR, and other consumer electronics on content displayed be to receive and show in " interlocking " mode.Used herein term " interlocks " and means the the 1st, the 3rd, the 5th in the scan image and all the other odd-numbered lines in a video frame time, then scanning the the 2nd, the 4th, the 6th and all the other even number lines in next video frame time.The speed that the version of this kind so-called " field " must adopt when making view data through video system has reduced by 50%.
Since the computer graphics system in most of modern times and basically all flat consumer electronics's display systems only use gradual scanning, thereby, usually the material that interlocks is changed into gradual scan format on gradual type scanner, to show.This is realized with real-time mode by an IC (or one group of IC) with powerful calculating ability usually, described IC insert the odd-numbered line data in each even number line frame and in each odd-numbered line frame in insertion even number of lines certificate.Yet, owing to can scan each row of bi-stable display by arbitrary order, thereby array of display 30 can directly receive and write to the appropriate row in the bi-stable display device.Thereby, can select every an odd-numbered line every an even number line and in the odd-numbered line frame by selection in the even number line frame, and on bi-stable display, show the terleaved video content.Therefore, on bi-stable display, can show terleaved video, and need not to carry out the interpolation of terleaved video and can be as the loss of image quality in other type of displays, not occurring.
In one embodiment, array driver 22 comprises a register, this register can be set to a predefined value, is a stagger scheme and should be shown on the bi-stable display with a stagger scheme with indication institute input video stream, and video flowing is not converted to the progressive scan form.In this way, array of display 30 does not need intercrossed data is interlocked-the progressive scan conversion.In one embodiment, the one bistable controller (for example driving governor 29) that together uses with the bistable driver (for example array driver 22) that is not built-in with this kind feature will be distinguished this ability of array of display 30, produce correct row address pulse and view data is correctly lined up sequence to realize identical result.
Above-mentioned three kinds of optimal way can advantageously be used in parallel to each other, so that show interlaced video data with the frame rate that reduces on the part of display.
In certain embodiments, the control programmability is present in several locational display controllers that can be arranged in electronic display system as mentioned above.
In some cases, the control programmability is present in the array driver of the interface between electronic display system and display assembly self.The those skilled in the art will know, can reach the above-mentioned optimization of enforcement in different configurations in number of hardware and/or the component software arbitrarily.
Figure 15 is the synoptic diagram of a demonstration array driver (for example array driver 22 shown in Fig. 3 A), and described array driver is configured to use an area update optimizing process.As an exemplary embodiment, the circuit that reaches mentioned herein is shown among Fig. 3 A.Array driver 22 comprises a horizontal drive circuit 24 and a column drive circuit 26.In the embodiment shown in fig. 15, circuit is embedded in the array driver 22, is contained in signal in the output signal set of driving governor 29 and describes the effective coverage that just is being addressed in the array of display 30 to use one.The signal that is used to describe the effective coverage is commonly referred to display and enables (DE) signal.The effective coverage of array of display 30 can determine by the register setting value in the driving governor 29, and can be by processor 21 (Fig. 3 A) change.The circuit that is embedded in the array driver 22 can be monitored this DE signal and be used it optionally some part of display to carry out addressing.In addition, most of display video interfaces all utilize a horizontal pulse (LP) or a horizontal synchronizationization (HSYNC) signal, with the end of indication data line.The circuit that pair of L P counts can be determined the vertical position of current line.When refresh signal is regulated, making up an area update function according to the DE of from processor 21 (sending the signal of horizontal zone) and LP counter circuit (sending the signal in vertical zone).The signal that horizontal drive circuit 24 is applied (for example-Δ V, 0 or+Δ V voltage level) be when DE is enabled, to determine by the value of delegation's pulse receiver.For a concrete row, if receive not existing usefulness of a horizontal pulse and DE signal, the voltage level of then going can not change, but a counter increases progressively counting.When the DE signal now with and when receiving horizontal pulse, horizontal drive circuit 24 applies required voltage level on described row.If the horizontal pulse counter indicates described row to be in the zone to be updated of display, then on described row, apply required signal.Otherwise, do not apply signal.
Figure 16 one shows the synoptic diagram of a controller that can integrate with array driver.In embodiment illustrated in fig. 16, a driving governor and array driver integrate.Special circuit in described integrated driving governor and the driver determines that at first which pixel thereby which row need refresh, and only selects and upgrade the row that those have the pixel that has changed.By sort circuit, can carry out addressing to specific row by non-succession order, view with changing as content.This embodiment is preferable, and this is because the video data that only changes need transmit by the interface between integrated manipulator and drive circuit and the array drive circuit, and can reduce the refresh rate between processor and the array of display 30.Effective refresh rate between reduction processor and the display controller can reduce power consumption, the electromagnetic interference problem of noise immunity and mitigation system is provided.
Although above describe in detail is to show, illustrate and point out the novel feature that is applicable to various embodiment of the present invention, yet should be appreciated that, the those skilled in the art can be to the various omissions of making of shown device or technology, alternative and change on form and details, and this does not deviate from spirit of the present invention.Should know,, thereby can not provide in the form of all features as herein described and advantage one and implement the present invention because some feature can use with other features or try out mutually independently.
Claims (56)
1, a kind of system that is configured to display video data on a bistable display component array, described system comprises:
One is configured to the processor of receiving video data;
One comprises the display of a bistable display component array;
One driving governor, itself and described processor carry out data communication and are configured to from described processor receiving video data; And
Array driver, it is configured to receive shows signal from described driving governor receiving video data and from described processor, and further is configured to use described shows signal to show described video data on described bistable display component array.
2, the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said bistable display component array comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators.
3, the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said driving governor are non-bistable display driver controllers.
4, the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shows signal are controlled at the speed that shows described video data on the described bistable display component array.
5, the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shows signal comprise the instruction that is used to control a drive scheme of described bistable display component array by described array driver.
6, the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said array driver are configured to according to described shows signal described array partition be become one or more zones.
7, the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said array driver is from described processor receiving area information, described area information identifies a bistable display element group of described bistable display component array, and wherein said shows signal is used to control a refresh rate of the described bistable display element group that identifies.
8, the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said array driver further are configured to show described video data with a stagger scheme.
9, the system as claimed in claim 1, it further comprises:
One with the memory storage of described processor electric connection, wherein said processor and described display electric connection, and described processor is configured to image data processing.
10, system as claimed in claim 9, it comprises that further one is configured to send to described processor the image source module of described view data.
11, system as claimed in claim 10, wherein said image source module comprise a receiver, transceiver, reach at least one in the transmitter.
12, system as claimed in claim 9, it further comprises:
One input media, it is configured to receive the input data and described input data is sent to described processor.
13, a kind of manufacturing one is used for the method for the system of display video data on a bistable display component array, and described method comprises:
One processor that is configured to receiving video data is provided;
One display that comprises a bistable display component array is provided;
One driving governor is provided, and described driving governor and described processor carry out data communication and are configured to from described processor receiving video data; And
Array driver is provided, described array driver and described driving governor carry out data communication and are configured to from described driving governor receiving video data, and carrying out data communication to receive shows signal from described processor with described processor, described array driver is configured to use described shows signal to show described video data on described display.
14, a kind of system that is used for display video data by method manufacturing as claimed in claim 13.
15, a kind of system that is used for display video data on a bistable display component array, described system comprises:
One processor;
One comprises the display of a bistable display component array;
One is connected to the driving governor of described processor, and described driving governor is configured to from described processor receiving video data and described video data is provided and is used on described bistable display component array showing the shows signal of described video data; And
One is connected to the array driver of described driving governor and described display, and described array driver is configured to receive described video data and shows signal and use described shows signal to show described video data on described bistable display component array from described driving governor.
16, system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said bistable display component array comprises the interfere type display element.
17, system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said array driver is configured to according to described shows signal described array partition be become one or more zones.
18, system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said shows signal comprise and are used to be controlled at the information that shows the speed of described video data on the described bistable display component array.
19, system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said array driver further is configured to show described video data with a stagger scheme.
20, system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said array driver is from described processor receiving area information, described area information identifies a bistable display element group of described bistable display component array, and wherein said shows signal is used to control a refresh rate of the described bistable display element group that identifies.
21, system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said shows signal comprise the instruction that is used to control a drive scheme of described bistable display component array by described array driver.
22, a kind of method of video data, it comprises:
Shows signal is transferred to a driver of a bistable display component array from a processor; And
Be updated in an image that shows on the described bistable display component array, wherein said renewal is based on the described shows signal of transmitting.
23, method as claimed in claim 22, it further comprises:
Determine that one of video data shows speed; And
Produce shows signal according to described determined demonstration speed at least in part.
24, method as claimed in claim 22, it further comprises at least a portion of carrying out the described shows signal of transmitting, wherein said performed shows signal is used to control the renewal frequency of the shown described image of described bistable display component array.
25, method as claimed in claim 22, it further comprises:
The division information that use is contained in the described shows signal becomes one or more bistable display element groups with described array partition, wherein upgrade a shown image and comprise an image that shows on the described one or more bistable display element groups that are updated in described array, each group in wherein said one or more groups is all upgraded by the refresh rate that is contained in the information defined in the described shows signal with one.
26, method as claimed in claim 22, wherein said bistable display component array comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators.
27, method as claimed in claim 22, wherein said shows signal transfers to array driver from a driving governor.
28, method as claimed in claim 22, wherein said shows signal transfers to array driver from a processor.
29, method as claimed in claim 22 wherein is updated in an image shown on the described array and comprises with a stagger scheme and show described image.
30, a kind of system that is used for display video data on bi-stable display, it comprises:
Be used for shows signal is transferred to from a processor member of a driver of a bistable display component array; And
One is configured to upgrade the array driver by the shown image of described bistable display component array, and wherein said renewal is based on the described shows signal of transmitting.
31, system as claimed in claim 30, wherein said bistable display component array comprises a plurality of interferometric modulators.
32, system as claimed in claim 30, wherein said conveying member comprises:
Array driver; And
One transfers to the driving governor of described array driver with described shows signal.
33, system as claimed in claim 30, wherein said conveying member comprises:
Array driver; And
One transfers to the processor of described array driver with described shows signal.
34, system as claimed in claim 30, it comprises in addition:
Be used for determining that one of video data shows the member of speed, wherein said shows signal is at least in part based on described determined demonstration speed.
35, system as claimed in claim 34, wherein said definite member comprises described processor, wherein said processor is configured to monitor the use of described array to determine described demonstration speed.
36, system as claimed in claim 34, wherein said definite member comprises a driving governor, wherein said driving governor is configured to monitor the use of described array to determine described demonstration speed.
37, system as claimed in claim 31, it comprises in addition:
The member that is used for definite one group of described interferometric modulator that is just using, and
Wherein upgrading described shown image is that described bistable display element group is implemented.
38, system as claimed in claim 37, the wherein said definite member that is used to determine comprises a driving governor.
39, system as claimed in claim 37, wherein said definite member comprises a processor.
40, a kind of system, it comprises:
One CPU (central processing unit);
A plurality of bistable display elements; And
One driving governor, it is configured to show described video data from described CPU (central processing unit) receiving video data and with a refresh cycle that can on-the-fly modify by described a plurality of bistable display elements.
41, system as claimed in claim 40, it comprises that in addition one is configured to detect the status detection circuit of arbitrary bistable display element.
42, system as claimed in claim 40, wherein said driving governor is revised a state of a subclass of described a plurality of bistable display elements in response to detecting an original state.
43, system as claimed in claim 40, it comprises in addition:
One excitation generator, it is used to produce the electric excitation to one of described bistable display element; And a testing circuit, it is configured to detect the response to the described electric excitation that produces.
44, system as claimed in claim 40, it comprises in addition:
One frame buffer;
One first interface in the described driving governor, described first interface are configured to receiving video data and described video data are stored in the described frame buffer; And
One second interface in the described driving governor, described second interface be configured to receiving video data and be independent of described frame buffer with described video Data Transmission to described a plurality of bistable display elements.
45, a kind of system that is configured to display video data on a bistable display component array, described system comprises:
First member that is used for receiving video data;
The member that is used for display video data on the element arrays that can watch;
Be used for second member that is used for the first member receiving video data of receiving video data from described; And
Array driver, it is used for receiving shows signal and using described shows signal to be updated in from the described second member receiving video data that is used for receiving video data, from described first member that is used for receiving video data an image that shows on the described array.
46, system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said first receiving member comprises a processor.
47, system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said display member comprises a bistable display component array.
48, system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said second receiving member comprises a non-bistable driving governor.
49, system as claimed in claim 45, wherein said shows signal are controlled at a speed that shows described video data on the described bistable display component array.
50, a kind of system that is used for display video data on a bistable display component array, it comprises:
Be used to provide the member of video data;
The member that is used for display video data; And
One is used for receiving described video data and upgrading the driving governor of the described video data on the described member that is used for display video data with a refresh cycle that can on-the-fly modify from the described member that is used to provide video data.
51, system as claimed in claim 50, the wherein said member that provides comprises a CPU (central processing unit).
52, system as claimed in claim 50, wherein said display member comprises a plurality of bistable display elements.
53, a kind of method that is used for display video data on a bistable display component array, described method comprises:
The video data that will show on described bistable display component array is provided;
In a driving governor, receive described video data; And
By being provided to described array with a refresh cycle that can on-the-fly modify, described video data shows described video data.
54, method as claimed in claim 53, it further comprises the state that detects arbitrary bistable display element, wherein said driving governor is revised a state of a subclass of described a plurality of bistable display elements in response to detecting an original state.
55, method as claimed in claim 53, it further comprises:
Generation is to an electric excitation of one of described bistable display element; And
Determine response to the described electric excitation that produces.
56, method as claimed in claim 53, it further comprises:
Receiving video data in one first interface in described driving governor;
To be stored in the one frame buffer from the described video data of described first interface;
Receiving video data in one second interface in described driving governor; And
Be independent of described frame buffer described video data is transferred to described array driver from described second interface.
57, a kind of system that is used for display video data on a bistable display component array, it is made by following technology:
One processor that is configured to receiving video data is provided;
One display that comprises a bistable display component array is provided;
One driving governor is provided, and described driving governor and described processor carry out data communication and are configured to from described processor receiving video data; And
Array driver is provided, described array driver and described driving governor carry out data communication and are configured to from described driving governor receiving video data, and carrying out data communication to receive shows signal from described processor with described processor, described array driver is configured to use described shows signal to show described video data on described display.
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| CNB2005101035564A Expired - Fee Related CN100487527C (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-21 | Method and system for driving a bi-stable display |
| CN2009101293507A Expired - Fee Related CN101540143B (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2005-09-21 | Method and system for driving bi-stable display |
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| TWI419112B (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2013-12-11 | Ite Tech Inc | Driving device for bistable electro-optic display and driving method therefor |
| TWI413960B (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2013-11-01 | Ite Tech Inc | Bistable electro-optic display and driving method thereof |
| CN102455854A (en) * | 2010-10-25 | 2012-05-16 | 联阳半导体股份有限公司 | Driving device of bistable electro-optic display and driving method thereof |
| US8797303B2 (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2014-08-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Amorphous oxide semiconductor thin film transistor fabrication method |
| EP2602782A1 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-06-12 | Johnson Controls Automotive Electronics SAS | Display system |
| EP3178083A4 (en) * | 2014-08-05 | 2018-02-21 | Apple Inc. | Concurrently refreshing multiple areas of a display device using multiple different refresh rates |
| KR102299574B1 (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2021-09-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Display Controller for improving display noise, Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Device including the same and Method there-of |
| CN111028699B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2022-07-08 | 昆山国显光电有限公司 | Display panel, display method thereof and display device |
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| JPH0651721A (en) * | 1992-07-29 | 1994-02-25 | Canon Inc | Display controller |
| JP3476241B2 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 2003-12-10 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | Display method of active matrix type display device |
| US6597329B1 (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2003-07-22 | Intel Corporation | Readable matrix addressable display system |
| US6201633B1 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2001-03-13 | Xerox Corporation | Micro-electromechanical based bistable color display sheets |
| KR100769174B1 (en) * | 2001-09-17 | 2007-10-23 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | Method and Apparatus For Driving Liquid Crystal Display |
| KR100840311B1 (en) * | 2001-10-08 | 2008-06-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Liquid crystal display and driving method thereof |
| KR100900539B1 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2009-06-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Liquid crystal display and driving method thereof |
| WO2004066256A1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-08-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Driving a bi-stable matrix display device |
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2005
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- 2005-09-21 CN CNB2005101035564A patent/CN100487527C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN1755789A (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| CN101540143A (en) | 2009-09-23 |
| CN1755434A (en) | 2006-04-05 |
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