CN100482420C - Production of optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated - Google Patents
Production of optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated Download PDFInfo
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- CN100482420C CN100482420C CNB2007100109216A CN200710010921A CN100482420C CN 100482420 C CN100482420 C CN 100482420C CN B2007100109216 A CNB2007100109216 A CN B2007100109216A CN 200710010921 A CN200710010921 A CN 200710010921A CN 100482420 C CN100482420 C CN 100482420C
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Abstract
The invention is concerned with a kind of milling stuff three-dimensional multi-layer controllable optimized collocation electroplated tools and its produce method, being the micro abrasive cluster optimized collocation and thickened composite plating mask. The micro abrasive cluster optimized collocation bases on the ratio to abrasive and air and the number of wear debris layer. This kind of tool has optimized designed surface abrasive cluster collocation and takes double layers of composite masks as plating mask. It adjusts the thickness of thickened composite plating mask to change the thickness of middle layer and controls the erode degree of middle layer and makes some hollow on it, and the shape of abrasive cluster formed by composite plating is like a foot pace. This abrasive tool and abrasive cluster optimized collocation are fit for discharging grinding bits, entering of grinding liquid and transfer of grinding heat to enhance the grinding capability of milling tool. It reduces the produce cost and the demand of machining precision to base stuff and assembly by adjusting the tool with multi-layer abrasive.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to machining manufacturing technology field, relate to optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Grinding is wide, the most effective precision of a kind of range of application and a ultraprecise processing method in the current manufacturing technology, towards high speed and ultraprecise development, traditional concretion abrasive grinding tool is ultraprecise processing and polishing abrasive tool particularly, abrasive particle is very tiny, causes the grinding tool working surface very easily to stop up, cause the grinding tool premature failure or produces grinding heat and damage.Science, the ordered arrangement of realizing abrasive material or little abrasive material group can make arrangement and its spacing of abrasive particle in the grinding tool or abrasive material group more reasonable, guarantees effectively exposed height of abrasive particle and rational chip space, significantly improves the grinding performance of emery wheel.
Periodical " Chinese mechanical engineering " the 13rd volume the 13rd is interim, and document " research of soldering mono-layer diamond emery wheel key issue " has been mentioned a kind of ceramic hole template cloth method and has been used for the manufacturing of soldering emery wheel; Announced a kind of mono-layer diamond bonded abrasive tool manufacture method of arranging among the patent documentation Chinese invention patent publication number CN 1528565A based on shell mould distributing method optimization particle.The method of already making shell mould with reference to model casting in this patent abrasive material of arranging is with high temperature brazing technology concretion abrasive.The method of mentioning in these two documents is subjected to the limitation of soldering processes, mainly is fit to the manufacturing of large-size grinding materials and grinding tool, and the fine particle size abrasive particle is difficult to carry out.
At the Chinese patent publication number is the abrasive material technology of preparing of having announced a band pattern optimization among the CN 1124480A.Applying adhesive on matrix contacts the abrasive particle placement then with matrix, adhesive temporarily is fixed on matrix surface with abrasive material., the mask of sheet of separator material or other porous material forms can be placed on the matrix with before matrix contacts at abrasive particle, mask has determined the distribution of abrasive particle, and the control abrasive particle is inserted in the perforate of porous material; Perhaps with abrasive particle by certain pattern bonded on matrix, thereby determined the distribution of abrasive particle.Last form grinding tool with the method concretion abrasive of soldering or sintering again.The common limitation of above document is only to be suitable for the manufacturing of coarsegrain abrasive particle ordered arrangement grinding tool, does not arrange and makes with the abrasive particle of grinding tool is controlled and be suitable for the precision of abrasive particle particle diameter less (more than 150 orders) and ultraprecise processing.
For the less grinding tool of abrasive particle particle diameter, have a lot of documents to mention to make abrasive material in heaps or distribute in groups, its advantage also be to be beneficial to that grindstone dust is discharged in the processing, grinding fluid enters, grinding heat transfer etc.But the abrasive material arrangement method that these documents are mentioned has all just been realized the distribution of certain abrasive material, and does not have measurement index to be optimized.Document U.S. Pat 4 925 457, U.S. Pat 5 092 910 and U.S. Pat 5 049165 have been mentioned mesh screen, dividing plate alignment technology respectively, and promptly mesh screen or dividing plate with holes are controlled the position of abrasive materials such as diamond and realization the controlled of abrasive material that distribute arranged by making.August 1 calendar year 2001, disclosed patent documentation Chinese patent publication number CN 1305884A proposed to adopt said method to carry out arranging of little abrasive particle group, on grinding wheel base body, form the hole with the element that covers that has inclined surface, by electro-plating method the abrasive particle group in the hole is cemented in the non-zone that covers of grinding wheel base body, the marginal portion is lower in that middle body is higher for its abrasive particle density.And for example, periodical " Wear " (233-235 (1999) P387-394) document " Designed abrasivediamond surfaces " has proposed little reproduction technology abroad: the optimization nib of arranging that etches rule on the silicon template is with the required ordered arrangement of moulding, adopt chemical gaseous phase depositing process in nib, to grow into diamond film layer, remove the silicon template at last and thin layer is bonded to matrix.The method is mainly used in the analog study of concretion abrasive grinding experiment, and manufacturing cost is very high.
" Sinteringand brazing all in one " mentions the knot integrated technique that freezes in document in the periodical " diamond and grinding materials and grinding tool engineering " (in April, 2004) " ordered arrangement and the integrated manufacturing diamond tool new industrial research that freezes " and the periodical " PM SPECIAL FEATURE ": under the protective gas effect; Fast Heating evenly is mixed with adamantine sintered material powder to molten condition; be welded direct on the matrix by nozzle; console is welding position and the throat thickness by the liquid material of material powder flow and matrix graphics editing software control powder then, thereby finishes the manufacturing of the diamond tool that required pattern arranges accurately.This method equipment complexity, automaticity require high, and need factors such as accurate quantification control melting mixing logistics capacity, temperature.
In addition, though the individual layer of making of the traditional electrical depositing process is electroplated super-abrasive grinding wheel and is had the abrasive material of saving and have better grinding ratio with relative vitrified bond and resin bond wheel, but when abrasive grain is very tiny, because grinding wheel base body cylindrical and endoporus exist coaxiality error and deviation from circular from inevitably, thereby the uneven wear that causes the wheel grinding surface, worsen crudy, even can't use.Require and machining accuracy by the axiality that improves grinding wheel base body simply, manufacturing cost that will the aggravation emery wheel, this also is the main cause that the emery wheel of why fine granularity or micro powder grade abrasive material does not generally adopt electroplating technology to make.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated manufacture method, particularly process and polishing abrasive tool at accurate, ultraprecise, abrasive particle is very tiny, cause the grinding tool working surface very easily to stop up, cause the grinding tool premature failure or produce the grinding heat damage and conventional monolayers abrasive material electroplating abrasion wheel can't be repaired, can only rely on and improve the grinding wheel base body geometric accuracy and satisfy problem such as overall precision and propose.The concretion abrasive instrument of this method preparation, surface abrasive material or little abrasive material group's science, ordered arrangement makes arrangement and its spacing of abrasive particle in the grinding tool or abrasive material group more reasonable, guarantee effectively exposed height of abrasive particle and rational chip space, significantly improve the grinding performance of grinding tool; Simultaneously, the multilayer abrasive material tools can be repaired, and has reduced the requirement to matrix machining accuracy and assembly precision, reduces the grinding tool manufacturing cost significantly.
Technical scheme of the present invention is to propose a kind of optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated manufacture method, it is characterized in that optimizing the preparation of arranging and thickening the composite plating mask based on little abrasive material group of the empty ratio of mill and the abrasive particle number of plies.Be described below respectively:
(1) arranges based on little abrasive material group optimization of the empty ratio of mill and the abrasive particle number of plies
The distribution of the plating tool surface abrasive particle that the present invention is designed is to arrange by the little abrasive material group of certain geometry form according to the purposes difference.Little abrasive material group can be an individual layer, also can be n layer (n 〉=2), little abrasive material group's geometry and arrangement pattern can have various ways, wherein the little abrasive material group area summation in plating tool surface accounts for the ratio of whole worksheet area, be defined herein as the mill sky and compare η, be that little abrasive material group optimizes the important indicator of arranging, determine by following formula (*).
(*) in the formula, S
0Be the total worksheet area of plating tool, S
GiIt is i little abrasive material group's area.S
GiSize determine by little abrasive material group single layer of abrasive particles number m, see shown in Figure 1.
For the abrasive material of selected granularity, by determining little abrasive material group geometry pattern and area S thereof
Gi, mill is empty than η with electroplate number of plies n, and considers the machining locus direction, just can determine little abrasive material group's arrangement form.Under the condition that satisfies above-mentioned optimal design distribution, and consider to be convenient to that cooling fluid enters the processing contact zone, the processing bits are discharged and the abrasive material group distributes to the influence of machining locus, effectively grind sky for certain and compare η, abrasive material group's distribution pattern has multiple choices, as the composite figure of figure that closed curve encloses such as triangular form, polygon, circle or some figure, be that certain electroplating abrasion wheel surface abrasive material group pattern of arranging is various for example as shown in Figure 2.Reasonably mill is empty is η=0.45～0.85 than scope, and reasonably electroplating the number of plies is n=1～5.
(2) thicken the preparation of composite plating mask
In order in electroplating process, to form the abrasive material group of controlled distribution, must make the preliminary fixed abrasive position of micropore mask.Mentioned technology such as utilization photograph principle in the conventional method and make the photocuring insulating materials form the required form mask, electroplated the abrasive material tools processing step as shown in Figure 3 with the method preparation.But just therefore method is to adopt the exposure imaging mode, and mask thickness generally can only reach 10～40 μ m, only suitable individual layer or the less demanding situation of the number of plies; For the number of plies higher (abrasive material number of plies n 〉=3 layers),, then can form mushroom-shaped abrasive material group profile in the composite electrodeposition, and this shape abrasive material group and matrix are controlled intensity difference, are peeled off easily in instrument uses if mask thickness is too thin.Therefore for multilayer abrasive material group, take place for avoiding this phenomenon, mask thickness is preferably 3～5 times of abrasive particle particle diameters and the vestibule section is up-small and down-big shape, and the abrasive material group of Xing Chenging is right cylinder shape or halfpace shape like this, controls the intensity increase and is not easy integral body and comes off.
The present invention adopts the composite mask method that thickens of original creation to prepare optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated.Composite mask is divided into the top layer and middle thickening layer is two-layer, and its principle is that part is not screened until exposing matrix in the erosion removal intermediate layer under skin mask covers, and, changes intermediate layer thickness and regulates the composite mask integral thickness as electroplating mask with the two-layer compound mask.Skin mask material requirements insulation and energy anti-plate corrosion are as photosensitive-ink, insulated paint, light-cured resin, PVC tape paper or other insulating materials; Technology such as last layer mask employing photomechanical production development directly are cured on the intermediate layer or by insulating materials such as required pattern laser cutting adhesive tapes and paste on the intermediate layer.Insulating materials such as intermediate layer material such as celluloid also can be conductive material such as metal materials such as copper, zinc; For the corrosion in intermediate layer,, select for use acetone then to select electrolytic etching for use as dissolution with solvents burn into electro-coppering intermediate layer as intermediate layers such as celluloids according to different materials selective etching mode.
In conjunction with accompanying drawing Fig. 4 of the present invention, MULTILAYER COMPOSITE mask preparation process and concrete operation method are described below: 1. evenly apply or the plated metal intermediate layer on the tool base that degreasing and rust removal finishes, thickness is 3～5 times of abrasive particle particle diameter; 2. apply photocuring insulated paint, go up the adhesive tape of layer mask or stickup laser cutting as last layer mask according to optimal design pattern exposure development preparation; 3. screen at last layer mask and corrode the intermediate layer down, remove to protecting part promptly to form composite mask until exposing matrix.
Can adjust composite mask vestibule pattern by the control corrosion parameter, and then control abrasive material group's three-dimensional appearance, the corrosion in intermediate layer is slightly caved in than last layer mask, so that the halfpace shape abrasive material group pattern that forms in composite plating, this three-dimensional appearance has the stronger intensity of controlling, as Fig. 5.
After composite mask preparation finishes, clean activation and exposes matrix, carry out the abrasive particle composite plating process, final etching or peel off the removal composite mask is promptly finished optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated and is made.
(3) finishing of optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated
Tradition is electroplated the individual layer plating tool can not repair (influential to cylindricity, dynamic balancing), has the accuracy of manufacture sensitivity to matrix, the not high defective of the exposed ratio of abrasive material and chip space.And realize 3-dimensional multi-layered abrasive material group's preparation, can be by follow-up finishing to plating tool, further revise the outer round surface deviation from circular from and with reference for installation hole coaxiality error etc.Plated metal can be other alloys such as nickel, nickel cobalt (alloy) or nickel cobalt manganese, and abrasive material is diamond, cubic boron nitride etc., and the finishing mode adopts electrolytic dressing or laser dressing.As Fig. 6, adopt the multilayer abrasive material after, avoided individual layer abrasive material plating tool can not repair, to matrix and the high caused problem of installation accuracy dependence.Can effectively compensate every error by finishing, be matrix deviation from cylindrical form, same axis error, rigging error equal error summation as e among the figure, through finishing, though the abrasive material height changes to some extent, guaranteed whole contour accuracy and positional precision everywhere.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are: the concretion abrasive instrument of this method preparation, surface abrasive material or little abrasive material group's science, ordered arrangement makes arrangement and its spacing of abrasive particle in the grinding tool or abrasive material group more reasonable, the abrasive material group optimize arrange be beneficial to that grindstone dust is discharged in the processing, grinding fluid enters, grinding heat transfer etc., significantly improve the grinding performance of grinding tool; Simultaneously, the multilayer abrasive material tools can be repaired, and has reduced the requirement to matrix machining accuracy and assembly precision, reduces the grinding tool manufacturing cost significantly.Metal or the precision machined new tool of nonmetallic materials surface to easy obstruction cutter can be designed, make according to preceding method.This class instrument not only is applicable to the hard metal material crisp or ductility of tradition, nonmetallic materials, particularly be applicable to the material of some conventional tool poor in processability, brill reaming and grinding as carbon carbon composite fibre, the quartzy composite fibre of carbon, almag and multilayer composite sheet, the scope of application is expanded greatly, and good prospects for application is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is identical little abrasive particle group area S
GiConcern schematic diagram under the condition between abrasive particle size and the quantity m; Figure (a) is big particle diameter abrasive material; Figure (b) is middle particle diameter abrasive material; Figure (c) is the small particle diameter abrasive material; Among the figure: 1 plated metal; 2 abrasive particles.
Fig. 2 is that certain electroplating abrasion wheel is considered the optional various pattern examples of influence that its direction of rotation enters contact zone, machining locus to abrasive dust eliminating, cooling fluid under the optimal design abrasive material is arranged parameter; Figure (d) is emery wheel direction of rotation and abrasive material group macroscopical schematic diagram of arranging; Figure (e), (f), (g) are the partial enlarged drawings of emery wheel plurality of optional pattern, and wherein figure (e) is the circular array pattern of arranging; Figure (f) is the leg-of-mutton circumference array pattern of arranging; Figure (g) is the staggered parallelogram array arrangement pattern of prismatic.
Fig. 3 is based on traditional photography photocuring mask method and makes the operation schematic diagram of electroplating abrasive material tools; Figure (h) evenly applies one deck photocuring insulated paint on the clean matrix of pre-treatment; Figure (i) exposure make need cover partly solidified; Figure (j) develops and removes uncured place, exposes body portion formation and needs pattern; Figure (k) composite electrodeposition forms plating tool.
Fig. 4 is based on and thickens composite mask method making plating abrasive material tools operation schematic diagram; 1 plated metal among the figure; 2 abrasive particles; 3 tool base; 4 skin mask; 5 intermediate layer masks; Figure (1) applies the intermediate layer or electroplates and forms the intermediate layer; Layer mask in figure (m) preparation; Figure (n) corrosion intermediate layer forms the thickening composite mask; Figure (o) composite electrodeposition forms plating tool.
Fig. 5 is that the intermediate layer mask etch is slightly caved in than last layer mask, and the halfpace shape abrasive material group generalized section that forms; Among the figure: 1 plated metal; 2 abrasive particles; 3 tool base; 4 skin mask; 5 intermediate layer masks.
Fig. 6 is a contrast schematic diagram before and after the finishing of multilayer abrasive material plating tool; Among the figure: 0-instrument profile center of circle; 0 '-main axis rotation center; E-deviation summation; Broken circle A-instrument original contour; Broken circle B-finishing rear profile.
The specific embodiment
Be described in detail specific embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing, concrete implementation step is as follows:
Claims (1)
1. an optimized controllable arranged electroplating tool of three-dimensional abrasive laminated preparation method is characterized in that optimizing the preparation of arranging and thickening the composite plating mask based on little abrasive material group of the empty ratio of mill and the abrasive particle number of plies, and method is as follows:
A) arrange based on little abrasive material group optimization of the empty ratio of mill and the abrasive particle number of plies; Have the little abrasive material group in optimal design surface and distribute, for the abrasive material of selected granularity, by determining little abrasive material group geometry pattern and area S thereof
Gi, mill is empty than η with electroplate number of plies n, and considers the machining locus direction, just can determine that little abrasive material group's optimization is arranged; Mill is empty to be the ratio that the little abrasive material group area summation in plating tool surface accounts for the whole worksheet area of plating tool than η;
B) thicken the making of composite plating mask: apply or electroplate the intermediate layer, cover down the erosion removal intermediate layer in skin mask and do not screen part until exposing matrix, with the two-layer compound mask as thickening the composite plating mask; Regulate the described composite plating mask thickness that thickens by changing intermediate layer thickness; The extent of corrosion in control intermediate layer makes it slightly to cave in than skin mask, and the abrasive material group pattern that composite plating forms is up-small and down-big halfpace shape.
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| KR101121254B1 (en) | 2011-04-05 | 2012-03-22 | 이화다이아몬드공업 주식회사 | Method for manufacturing electrodeposited diamond wire saw using patterning non-conduction materials |
| CN105965408B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-08-24 | 华侨大学 | A kind of production method and producing device of single layer of abrasive particles grinding wheel |
| CN107336150A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-10 | 华侨大学 | A kind of method that deposition prepares abrasive particle pattern distribution mill |
| CN107336148A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2017-11-10 | 华侨大学 | A kind of quick method for preparing abrasive particle pattern distribution mill |
| CN109531449A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-29 | 桂林三仕研磨材料有限责任公司 | A kind of production method in ordered arrangement electroplated diamond abrasive band |
| CN110595956A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-12-20 | 浙江工业大学 | Wear state mutation detection method based on fractal characteristics of abrasive particle groups |
| CN110539250B (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-03-23 | 湖南科技大学 | Film forming property regulation and control method for large-particle-size multilayer brazed diamond grinding wheel electrolytic oxide film |
| CN113787467A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-12-14 | 华南理工大学 | Electroplating grinding wheel with orderly arranged superfine grinding particle clusters and preparation method thereof |
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