CN100473058C - Generating and implementing a communication protocol and interface for high data rate signal transfer - Google Patents

Abstract

A data Interface for transferring digital data between a host and a client over a communication path using packet structures linked together to form a communication protocol for communicating a pre-selected set of digital control and presentation data. The signal protocol is used by link controllers configured to generate, transmit, and receive packets forming the communications protocol, and to form digital data into one or more types of data packets, with at least one residing in the host device and being coupled to the client through the communications path. The interface provides a cost-effective, low power, bi-directional, high-speed data transfer mechanism over a short-range 'serial' type data link, which lends itself to implementation with miniature connectors and thin flexible cables which are especially useful in connecting display elements such as wearable micro-displays to portable computers and wireless communication devices.

Description

Be used for the communication protocol of high data rate signal transmission and the generation and the realization of interface

Background of invention

I. invention field

The present invention relates between main-machine communication device and client computer audio/video display device, transmit the digital signal agreement and the process of signal with high data rate.The invention particularly relates to a kind of technology that the data of multimedia or other type is sent to micro-display unit or other display unit from wireless device with the transfer mechanism of low-power high data rate.

II. correlation technique

Product that computer, electronic game are correlated with and various video technique are (for example, the VCR of DVD and high definition) big in the past few years much progress, even when comprising certain class text, also can manifest terminal use with having more high-resolution static state, video, video request program and graph image to this equipment.These progressive electronics viewing apparatus that require to use high-resolution again, such as high definition video monitor, HDTV monitor or special image projection element.In order to create more real, abundant in content or real multimedia experience for the terminal use, used the combination of this visual image and high definition or high-quality voice data, for example when the audio reproduction that uses the CD type, DVD and other also have the device that associate audio signal exports.In addition,, developed high mobility, high-quality audio system and music transmission mechanism in order only audio frequency to be manifested to the terminal use, such as the MP3 cassette player.

Under typical video presenting situation, video data generally transmits with current techniques, and it is slow and medium that transfer rate is preferably, on the order of magnitude of per second one to ten kilobit.Then, these data be cushioned or be stored in transition or the storage device of longer-term limit in, for (after a while) demonstration on the expectation viewing apparatus of delaying.For example, useful data in order to receive or to send with digital reproduction one image, image can " by " or transmit with the Internet, use the program that resides on the computer that has modulator-demodulator or Internet connection device.When using such as the such wireless device of the portable computer of being furnished with radio modem or wireless personal data assistant (PDA) or radio telephone, similarly transmission also can take place.

In a single day data are received, just be stored locally in memory element, circuit or the device that comprises external memory for playback, such as RAM or flash memory.According to data bulk and image resolution ratio, playback can begin relatively soon, perhaps is shown after than long delay.That is to say that in some cases, image manifests the image permission real-time playback to a certain degree that does not need many data for very little and low resolution, or allows to use certain class buffering, so that manifest some materials after little time-delay, and more material is transmitted.Supposing to transmit in the link does not have obstacle, so in a single day manifests beginning, transmits for the terminal use of viewing apparatus rationally transparent.

Be used to create or the data of still image or sport video are compressed with one of multiple known technology usually, for example by other the famous normal structure that transmits for the data of quickening on the communication link in JPEG (joint photographic experts group) (JPEG), Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and medium, computer and the communication industry or the technology of company's defined.This can send quantitative information to by the bit that uses lesser amt and transmitted image or data quickly.

In case data are sent to such as such " this locality " of computer device or other device, the information that is produced is unpressed (or with the broadcast of special decoding player) and be ready to based on the corresponding available display resolution and the suitable demonstration of controlling element.For example, take advantage of normatron video resolution that the screen resolution of Y pixel represents generally from low 480 x 640 that reach with X, through 600 x 800 until 1024 x 1024, yet also can or according to expectation or use multiple other resolution as required.

Image manifests the Effect on Performance that also is subjected to picture material and given Video Controller steers image, this performance is represented with predefined color level or color depth (being used to produce every pixel bit of color) and density, and can be used any additional overhead-bits.For example, typical computer demonstration can be expected Anywhere from being about 8 to 32 every pixel bits or showing various colors (shade and colourity) more, yet also can run into other value.

Can see that from above-mentioned value given screen picture requires from 2.45 megabits (Mb) to the transmission data Anywhere that are about 33.55Mb, respectively on the scope from minimum to the highest typical resolution and the degree of depth.When watching the image of video or type of sports with the speed of per second 30 frames, required data volume is about per second 73.7 to 1006 megabits (Mbps), or is about per second 9.21 to 125.75 megabits (MBps).In addition, people may expect that combining image manifests voice data together, for example for multimedia manifests, or manifest as the high definition audio that separates, such as CD quality music.Also can use the additional signal of interactive instruction, control or signal to handle.Each of these options has all been added more data that will be transmitted.Under any circumstance, when people expect high-quality or high-resolution view data and high-quality audio-frequency information or data to the terminal use for the content creating enriching experiences, manifest element and be used to provide the source of this data type or host apparatus between require high data transfer rate link.

Per second is about the data rate of 115 kilobytes (KBps) or 920 kilobytes (Kbps) can be by modern serial line interface conventional treatment.Other can provide speed to transmit up to the data of 12MBps such as the such interface of USB serial line interface, and can occur in such as the specialized high-speed transmission with Institute of Electrical and Electric Engineers (IEEE) 1394 standard configurations on 50 to 100MBps the order of magnitude.Unfortunately, these speed do not reach the expectation high data rate of above-mentioned discussion, the above-mentioned high data rate of being conceived is used for wireless data device and service in the future, is used to excitation portable video display or audio devices that high-resolution, abundant in content output signal is provided.In addition, these interface requirements use and are used to main frame or the system and the client software of operating in a large number.Their software protocol storehouse has also been created the expense of not expecting in a large number, especially when considering portable radio or phone application.And some such interfaces have used huge cable, and they increase the complicated connector of cost for too heavy and unsatisfactory for highly aesthetic mobile application, perhaps only are to have consumed too many power.

Also have other interface of knowing, such as analog video graphic array (VGA) interface, digital video interactive formula (DVI) interface or gigabit video interface (GVIF).Preceding two is the interface of parallel type, and they are with higher transmission rate deal with data, but the cable of also use heaviness and a large amount of power of consumption on some wattage magnitudes.This two specific character all can not be used for the portable consumer electronic installation.Even the third interface also consumes too many power and has used expensive or huge connector.

For some above-mentioned interface, and very two-forty data system/agreement or transmit relevant transfer mechanism with being used for fixing the data that computer equipment is installed, have another main shortcoming.For the expected data transfer rate is provided, also require the operation under a large amount of power and/or the high current level.This has significantly reduced the serviceability of this technology for the product that satisfies the needs of consumers that highly moves.

Generally speaking, provide this data transfer rate in order to use such as alternatives such as the connection of fiber type and conveying elements, so with respect to the product that satisfies the needs of consumers for actual commercialization desired for, also require some to introduce the additional inverter and the element of complexities and cost.Except the general expensive nature of up to now optical system, their power requirement and complexity have hindered the general use of light weight, low-power, portable use.

What lacked in the portable or mobile applicable industry is a kind of technology that provides high-quality to manifest experience for the height mobile phone users, no matter is based on audio frequency, video or multimedia.That is to say that when using portable computer, as radio telephone, PDA or other height mobile communications device or equipment, the video of current use or audio frequency manifest system or device fully can not be with the high quality level transmission output of expectation.Usually, the quality of the shortage of being discovered is the result that can not obtain to transmit the required high data rate of high-quality display data.Therefore, the host apparatus that needs a kind of new transfer mechanism to increase data are provided and output manifested to terminal use's client computer display unit or the data throughput between the element.

Summary

Embodiments of the invention have wherein been developed a kind of new agreement and data transfer mechanism at existing other defective of above-mentioned defective and this area, are used for transmitting data with high data rate between host apparatus and subscribing client device.

The advantage of the embodiment of the invention is, a kind of technology that data transmit that is used for is provided, and it has low complex degree, low cost, high reliability, is applicable to environment for use and very sane, and still very flexible.

Embodiments of the invention are at mobile digital data-interface (Mobile Digital Data Interface), be used on a communication path, between host apparatus and client apparatus, transmitting numerical data with two-forty, this communication path has used a plurality of and a series of packet configurations, and they are joined together to form the communication protocol that is used between main frame and client apparatus transmitting one group of previously selected digital control and impression data.Signal communication agreement or link layer are used by the physical layer of main frame or client link controller.At least one link controller that resides in the host apparatus passes through communication path or link and client apparatus coupling, and be used to produce, send and receive the grouping that forms communication protocol, and digital displaying data formed the packet of one or more types.Interface provides the bidirectional information between main frame and the client computer to transmit.

Also have aspect some of the present invention, at least one client link controller or client computer receiver are deployed in the client apparatus, and are coupled with host apparatus by communication path or link.The client link controller also is configured to be used to produce, send and receive the grouping that forms communication protocol, and digital displaying data is formed the packet of one or more types.Generally speaking, main frame or link controller be for the signal preparation of packet used in the processing instruction or certain type and query processing and the user mode machine, but can use slower general processor to come some used in manipulation data and the communication protocol more uncomplicated grouping.Console controller comprises one or more differential line drivers; And the client computer receiver comprises the one or more differential lines receivers that are coupled with communication path.

Be grouped in the media frame that transmits between main frame and client apparatus and combine, media frame has predefined regular length, has the grouping of the predetermined quantity of different variable-lengths.Grouping respectively comprises a block length field, one or more packet data field and a CRC field.The subframe header packet is transmitted when the transmission from other grouping of host link controller begins or is positioned.In order on will manifesting video type data and audio type data to user's forward link to be sent to client computer from main frame respectively, communication protocol is used one or more grouping of video flowing type and audio stream type packet.Communication protocol uses one or more reverse link encapsulated type groupings that data are sent to the host link controller from client apparatus.

For during occupying the forward link transmissions that does not have data, the host link controller produces filler (Filler) type packet.Communication protocol uses a plurality of other classes of packets to transmit video information.This grouping comprises that chromatic graph, bit block transmission, bitmap region are filled, pattern bitmap is filled and Transparent color enables type packet.Communication protocol divides into groups to transmit the user-defined data of interface with user-defined stream type.Communication protocol is divided into groups data are imported into keyboard data and indicating device data type and is spread out of the user input apparatus relevant with described client apparatus.Communication protocol transmits with the data that the link-down type packet terminates on the described communication path either direction.

Communication path generally comprises or uses the cable that has a series of four or multiple conducting wires and shieldings.In certain embodiments, link controller comprises the usb data interface, and cable uses interface and other lead of USB type.In addition, can use printed circuit or flexible lead as required.

In order to determine described client computer can provide the data and the data rate of which kind of type by described interface, and the host link controller is to customer set up request display performance information.The client link controller will show or manifest performance with at least one display performance type packet and be sent to the host link controller.Communication protocol is used a plurality of transfer modes, and each allows the different data of parallel convey maximum number bits on the preset time section.These transfer modes are dynamic adjustable during data transmit, and need not use on reverse link and used on the forward link identical pattern.

In the others of some embodiments of the invention, host apparatus comprises radio communication device, as radio telephone, wireless PDA or wherein disposed the portable computer of radio modem.The typical customers machine comprises the portable video display, as little display unit, and/or portable audio manifests system.And main frame can use storage device or element to store will to be manifested to the client apparatus user and manifesting or multi-medium data of being transmitted.

The accompanying drawing summary

Below with reference to accompanying drawing further characteristic of the present invention and advantage have been described, and the structure of various embodiments of the invention and operation.In the accompanying drawings, the general expression of identical label identical, intimate and/or the element or the treatment step of structural similarity, the accompanying drawing at place appears in numeral element in the reference number on the leftmost bit for the first time.

The basic environment that Fig. 1 a explanation the present invention can work therein comprises the combined type portable computer and little display unit of using.

The basic environment that Fig. 1 b explanation the present invention can work therein comprises the combining wireless transceiver and the little display unit and the audio frequency that use manifest element.

Fig. 2 explanation has total notion of the mobile digital data-interface (Mobile Digital DataInterface) of main frame and client computer interconnection.

Fig. 3 explanation is used to realize the packet configuration of the data transmission from the client apparatus to the host apparatus.

Fig. 4 has illustrated MDDI link controller and the signal type that transmits between the main frame and client computer on the physical data lead of type-I and type u interface.

Fig. 5 has illustrated MDDI link controller and the signal type that transmits between the main frame and client computer on the physical data lead of type-II, II and IV interface.

Fig. 6 explanation is used to realize the frame of interface protocol and the structure of subframe.

Fig. 7 explanation is used to realize the general packet configuration of interface protocol.

Fig. 8 illustrates the form of subframe header packet.

Fig. 9 illustrates the format and content of filler grouping.

Figure 10 illustrates the form of stream of video packets.

Figure 11 illustrates the format and content of the video data format descriptor symbol of Figure 10.

The grouping of Figure 12 data and the not use of packet format.

Figure 13 illustrates the form of audio stream grouping.

Figure 14 illustrates the use of byte-aligned and PCM form grouping of data.

Figure 15 illustrates the form of user-defined stream packets.

Figure 16 illustrates the form of chromatic graph grouping.

Figure 17 illustrates the form of reverse link encapsulating packets.

Figure 18 illustrates the form of display performance grouping.

Figure 19 illustrates the form of keyboard data grouping.

Figure 20 illustrates the form of indicating device packet.

Figure 21 illustrates the form of link-down grouping.

Figure 22 illustrates the form that shows request and status packet.

Figure 23 illustrates the form of bit block transmission grouping.

Figure 24 detail bit graph region is filled the form of grouping.

Figure 25 detail bit chart-pattern is filled the form of grouping.

Figure 26 illustrates the form of communicating link data channel packet.

The form of Figure 27 specification interface type handoff request grouping.

Figure 28 specification interface type is confirmed the form of grouping.

Figure 29 illustrates and carries out the form that type is switched grouping.

Figure 30 illustrates the form that the forward direction voice-grade channel enables to divide into groups.

Figure 31 illustrates the form of reverse audio sample rate grouping.

Figure 32 illustrates the form of digital content protection expense grouping.

Figure 33 illustrates the form that Transparent color enables to divide into groups.

Figure 34 illustrates the form of round trip delay time measurement grouping.

Figure 35 illustrates that round trip delay time measures the sequential of incident during the grouping.

Figure 36 explanation is used for the example implementation of CRC generator of the present invention and verifier.

Figure 37 a has illustrated the CRC signal sequence of Figure 36 device when sending packet.

Figure 37 b has illustrated the CRC signal sequence of Figure 36 device when receiving packet.

Figure 38 has illustrated sleazy exemplary service processing of request step.

Figure 39 has illustrated that link restarts sequence and begins the back, has the exemplary service processing of request step that link begins content.

Figure 40 has illustrated how to send data sequence with the DATA-STB coding.

Figure 41 illustrated at the main frame place from the input data produce DATA and STB signal, then in the used Circuits System of client computer restore data.

Figure 42 explanation is used to realize the driver and the terminating resistor of the embodiment of the invention.

Figure 43 is used to guarantee from the safety of host services and step and the signal level that is used to provide this service by main frame by client computer.

Figure 44 illustrates the relative spacing that changes between Data0, other data wire (DataX) and select lines (Stb).

Figure 45 explanation is when main frame contingent response time-delay when transmitting grouping back forbidding host driver.

Figure 46 explanation contingent response when main frame is enabled host driver and transmitted grouping is delayed time.

Figure 47 illustrate data time sequence that the host receiver input end is transmitted and strobe pulse forward position and back along between relation.

Commutativity and corresponding client computer output time-delay that Figure 48 explanation is formed by the reverse data sequential.

Figure 49 illustrates the high level figure of signal processing step, can come to realize synchronously for the present invention with state machine by it.

Figure 50 illustrates the general time-delay quantity that signal processing is met on the forward direction and reverse path in the system that uses MDDI.

Figure 51 illustrates marginal round trip delay time measurement.

Figure 52 illustrates that reverse link data rate changes.

Figure 53 illustrates the graphical presentation of the value of the relative forward link data rate of reverse rate divisor.

The step that Figure 54 a and 54b explanation are set about in interface operation.

Figure 55 explanation is used to realize the summary of driver, receiver, processor and the state machine of the embodiment of the invention.

The detailed description of embodiment

I. summarize

General objects of the present invention is that a kind of mobile display digital interface (MDDI) is provided as described below, it causes or provides the usefulness cost transfer mechanism that calculate, low-power consumption, allow high speed on the short-range communication link or the transmission of data very at a high speed between host apparatus and the display unit, this communication link uses " serial " type of data link or channel.This mechanism can realize with micro connector and thin flexible cable, and they are especially effective such as can wear such display element of micro-display (eyepiece or projector) or device and be connected to portable computer, radio communication device or entertainment device the time.

The present invention can be used for multiple occasion, with two-forty with mass data, generally be audio frequency, video or multimedia application, from producing or storing the main frame or the source apparatus transmission of these class data or be sent to client computer display or visualization means.It is to be sent to visual displays with data or from portable computer or from radio telephone or modulator-demodulator that following typical case uses, and maybe can wear micro-display equipment as the small video screen, for example with the eyepiece that comprises little projecting mirror and screen or the form of the helmet.

Characteristic or the attribute of MDDI are that they are independent of special Display Technique.This is a kind of mechanism of high flexible, is used for transmitting data with two-forty, and does not consider internal structure and the data of its realization or the function aspects of instruction of these data.This allows to regulate the sequential of the packet that is transmitted, and is fit to the speciality of unique display requirement of particular display device or certain device, perhaps satisfies the requirement of the combining audio and the video of some A-V system.Interface is complete display element or unknowable client apparatus, as long as according to selected agreement.In addition, add up to serial link data or data rate to change, make communication system or host apparatus designer can optimize expense, power requirement, client apparatus complexity and display unit renewal rate along with some amplitude orders of magnitude.

The data-interface that provides is mainly used in and transmits a large amount of high-speed datas on " wired " signal link or little cable.Yet, some application also can utilize Radio Link, comprise link,, and keep the expectation rank that transmits with enough low-power consumption for reality is available as long as it is configured to use and grouping grouping and the data-interface of developing as interface protocol identical with data-interface based on optics.

II. environment

Visible a kind of typical application among Fig. 1 a and the 1b, portable or laptop computer 100 shown in it and radio telephone or PDA device 102 respectively with display unit 104 and 106 and audio reproducing system 108 and 110 transmit data.Wireless device can currently receive quantification has been stored in data or front in memory element or device multimedia type data, is used for manifesting after a while and is observed and/or listened to by the terminal use of wireless device.Because typical most of times of wireless device are used to speech and communicate by letter with plain text, so it has small display and the simple audio system (loud speaker) that is used for information is sent to device 102 users.

Computer 100 has bigger screen and still not enough external voice system, and still is not so good as such as other multi-media display devices such as high definition TV or motion picture screens.For illustration purpose has used computer 100, yet the present invention also can use processor, interactive video games or the consumer electronics device of other types.Computer 100 can use but be not limited to radio modem or be used for other built-in devices of radio communication, perhaps links to each other with this device with cable or Radio Link as required.

This makes, and to manifest data more complicated or " enriching " be not effective or pleasant experience.Therefore, industrial other mechanism and the device of having developed manifests information to the terminal use and provides lowermost level expectation else to enjoy or sure experience.

As mentioned above, developed or the current display unit of developing some types manifests terminal use to device 100 with information.For example, one or more companies have developed and can wear the eyepiece group, for manifesting Visual Display in eyes the place ahead of device users projects images.When correctly being placed, this device is " projection " virtual image effectively, and is viewed as eyes of user, and this is much larger than the element that vision output is provided.That is to say that very little projection element makes eyes of user can " see " the more image of vast scale, may have typical lcd screen or the like.Other display unit can including, but not limited to, little lcd screen or various flat panel displaying element, projecting mirror and be used for the display driver of projects images from the teeth outwards, or the like.

Also have add ons, and be used for that output manifested that use to another user's wireless device 102 or computer 100 links to each other or relevant, or link to each other with another device that transmits signals to other places conversely or store them.For example, data can be stored in the flash memory with optical form for use after a while, for example use can write the CD medium or as in magnetic tape recorder or similar device on magnetic medium.

In addition, many wireless devices and computer have built-in MP3 music decoding performance and other senior voice decoder and system now.Portable computer uses CD and dvd playback performance as general rule, and some have the little special-purpose flash memory reader that is used to receive the audio file that writes down in advance.Problem with this performance is, digital music file is maked a promise the feature rich experience that highly increases, but has only when decoding and replayed section can run neck and neck the time.Also be the same for digital audio file.

In order to assist audio reproduction, external loudspeaker 108 shown in Fig. 1 a, also can be accompanied by add ons, for example sub-woofer or be used for forward direction and the back to " surround sound " loud speaker of sound projection.Meanwhile, loud speaker or earphone 110 are represented as in-building type, with the frame or the mechanism of little display unit of supporting Fig. 1 b.Can learn, can use other audio frequency or audio reproduction element, comprise power amplification or sound shaping device.

As mentioned above, under any circumstance,, need high data rate when people are desirably on one or more communication link 112 high-quality or high-resolution view data and high quality audio information or data-signal when data source is sent to the terminal use.That is to say,, therefore transmit the link 112 potential bottleneck and the restriction system performance of aforementioned data communication beyond doubt because current transfer mechanism does not reach the high data rate of general expectation.For example, as mentioned above, for as 1024 take advantage of 1024 pixels than high image resolution, and the color depth of every pixel 24-32 bits and the data rate of 30fps, data rate can be near the speed that exceed 336Mbps or bigger.In addition, this image can be used as the part that multimedia manifests and is manifested, multimedia manifests and comprises voice data and the potential additional signal of handling interactive entertainment or communication, and perhaps various command, control or signal have further increased quality or data and data rate.

Equally as seen, set up required less cable of data link or interconnection and mean that the mobile device relevant with display more easily uses, and more may adopt by bigger user base.In that to set up complete audio frequency-vision with multiple arrangement usually especially correct through lasting this, and more correct when the quality level of display and audio output device increases.

Unfortunately, higher data speed exceeds the technology that transmits data that is currently available for.Need a kind of technology, be used for transmitting on link or the communication path with higher rate transmissioning data manifesting data between element and the data source, its allows power, light weight and the simple and economical as far as possible construction of cable with low (lower) that continues.The applicant has developed a kind of new technology, or method and apparatus, reach these and other target, with the array that allows mobile radio station, portable or even fixed position device with very high data rate data are sent to display, micro-display or the audio frequency conveying element of expectation, and keep the low-power consumption and the complexity of expectation.

III. high-speed digital data interface system structure

In order to create and effectively utilize new device interface, designed a kind of signaling protocol and system configuration and come to provide very high data transfer rate with low-power signal.This agreement perhaps is joined together to form the structure of agreement based on grouping and common frame structure, is used for one group of previously selected data or data type and the instruction that applies on interface or operating structure are transmitted.

A. summarize

By the MDDI link connect or on the MDDI link communicating devices be called as main frame and client computer, client computer generally is the display unit of some type.As main frame allowed, the data from main frame to display were propagated with forward direction direction (being called forward direction traffic or link), and the data from display to main frame are propagated with inverse direction (being called reverse traffic or link).This obtains explanation in basic configuration shown in Figure 2.Among Fig. 2, main frame 202 usefulness bi-directional communication channels 206 link to each other with client computer 204, and bi-directional communication channel comprises forward link 208 and reverse link 210.Yet these channels are formed by one group of common wire, and the data of lead are transmitted between forward direction and reverse link operations to be switched effectively.

Discuss as other place, main frame comprises one of device of some types that can have benefited from use of the present invention.For example, main frame 202 can be form be hand, the portable computer of on knee or similar mobile computing device, it can be PDA, paging equipment, perhaps one of multi radio words or modulator-demodulator.Meanwhile, client computer 204 can comprise and is used for information is manifested multiple useful assembly to the terminal use.For example, the small screen that embeds in built-in grenade instrumentation, the vehicle in the micro-display of combination, cap or the helmet in eyepiece or the glasses or even holographic element are as window or windshield or various loud speaker, earphone or be used to manifest the sound system of high quality sound or music.Yet, those skilled in the art readily appreciates that, the present invention is not limited to these devices, may also have other device to be suggested for use on the market, they or with storage and transmission or manifesting and attempt to provide high-quality image and sound during with playback for the terminal use.The present invention realizes that to provide it is useful that desired user is experienced in the required high data rate at the data throughout that increases between various devices.

B. interface type

The MDD interface is considered five kinds or the how slightly different physical interface type of being found in communication and the computer industry.These are designated as type-I, type-II, type-III, type-IV and type-U here simply.

Type-I interface is configured to 6 lines (lead) interface, is applicable to move or radio telephone, PDA, e-book, electronic game and portable media player, and as CD player or MP3 player, and the E-consumer technology of similar type.Type-u interface is configured to 8 lines (lead) interface, is applicable to kneetop computer, notebook or desktop PC and similarly device or application, and they do not need display to refresh rapidly and do not have the MDDI link controller of in-building type.By using additional two-wire USB (USB) interface, this interface type also is differentiable, USB interface in most of personal computers are provided existing operating system or the software support in be particularly useful.For example, type-u interface also can be used for only having the USB pattern, and wherein display only has USB connector, and it links to each other with standard USB port on computer or the similar device.

Type-II, type-III and type-IV interface is applicable to Performance Monitor or device, and uses the more more complicated cable that has additional twisted-pair feeder type lead to provide adequate shielding and low-loss transmission as data-signal.

The signal of type-I interface transmission can comprise demonstration, video, control and wired signaling information, and not needing generally to be used for the device of high-resolution full rate video data.Such interface is mainly used in such as the such device of portable radio, and wherein usb host is generally invalid in the device that is used for signal connection and transmission.In this configuration, mobile device is the MDDI host apparatus, and plays the effect of control from " owner " of the communication link of main frame, and it generally is sent to video data client computer (forward direction traffic or link).

In this interface, main frame allows to receive at the main frame place communication data from client computer (reverse traffic or link) by special instruction or packet type being sent to client computer, and client computer allows it to take over bus and data are sent to main frame as reverse packet in the specific duration.This obtains explanation in Fig. 3, wherein use the packet type that is called as encapsulating packets (following discussion) that the transmission of reverse packet on the transmission link is provided, thereby create reverse link.The time interval of distributing to main frame for the demonstration of polling data is pre-determined by main frame and based on the requirement of each specialized application.Such half-duplex bidirectional transfer of data is especially favourable when USB port is not useable for from the information of client computer or transfer of data.

The transmission of type u interface is applicable to the signal that kneetop computer and desktop computer are used, and wherein USB interface obtains the extensive support of a large amount of mainboards or other hardware, and by the operating system software support.The use of the USB interface of adding can be used " plug and play " feature and simple applications configuration.USB comprises the general two-way flow that also allows instruction, state, voice data or the like, can be with twisted-pair feeder with low-power with transmit at a high speed and point to the Voice ﹠ Video data of client apparatus.As described below, power can transmit with other electric wire.The embodiment of the invention permission of use USB interface mainly realizes signaling and the control in the USB connection simultaneously in the high-speed transfer on one group of lead, this can be closed and consume few power when not using.

Therefore USB interface is the very widely used standard of modern personal computer equipment, and the details of USB interface and operation thereof be well-known in the art, no longer illustrates at this.For USB interface, universal serial bus specification is deferred in the communication between main frame and the display, revised edition 2.0.In the application of type of service u interface, wherein USB is main signaling channel and may is the speech Return Channel, and randomly main frame can pass through MDDI serial data signal poll client computer.

In order to support complete sport video, the Performance Monitor of HDTV type or similar high-resolution performance requires to be about the data flow of 1.5Gbs speed.Type-II interface is supported high data rate by parallel 2 bits that send, and type-III interface is supported by parallel 4 bits that send, and type-IV interface concurrent transmits 8 bits.The agreement of being used by MDDI allows the peak data rate that all types of-I, II, III or IV main frame can be used through consultation and communicates with any kind-I, II, III or IV client computer.Can be called as the performance that the minimum performance that may install or available feature are used to be provided with link.As rule, even can both type of service-II, type-III or the system of type-IV interface for main frame and client computer, the both starts working as type-I interface.Then, main frame is determined the performance of Destination client or display, and will switch or reconfigure operation consult for or type-II, type-III, or type-IV pattern, this is suitable for application-specific.

Main frame generally may use suitable link layer protocol (following further discussion) and at any time be reduced to or reconfigure at this and be operated to slower pattern with saving power, the pattern faster perhaps brought up to is to support the transmission of fair speed, as for the high-resolution displaying contents.For example, when display system when the power source such as battery switches to AC power supplies, perhaps when the source of display media switches to lower or higher resolution format, perhaps the combination of these or other conditioned disjunction incident can be considered to change and show or during data-transmission mode basic, main frame can change display mode.

System also can transmit data at other direction with another kind of pattern with a kind of pattern in a direction.For example, type-IV interface modes can be used to two-forty data are sent to display, and when with data when being sent to host apparatus such as keyboard or the such ancillary equipment of indicating device, type of service-I or type U pattern.

C. physical interface structure

Be used to set up a general configuration of communicating devices between main frame and client apparatus or link controller shown in the Figure 4 and 5.In Figure 4 and 5, MDDI link controller 402 is installed in the host apparatus 202, and MDDI link controller 404 is installed in the client apparatus 204.The front face is the same, and main frame 202 usefulness comprise that the bi-directional communication channel 406 of a series of leads links to each other with client computer 204.As described below, main frame and client link controller can be manufactured into the integrated circuit that uses single circuit design, and this circuit design can be set up, regulates or programme with response or console controller (driver) or client computer controller (receiver).This provides the low expense that is caused by the fairly large manufacturing of single circuit arrangement.

In Fig. 4, usb host device 401 and USB client apparatus 410 also are shown, be used to realize the type u interface version of MDDI.The circuit and the device that are used for the implement device function are known in the art, and no longer explanation here.

In Fig. 5, MDDI link controller 502 be installed in host apparatus 202 ' in, and MDDI link controller 504 be installed in client apparatus 204 ' in.In front of face the same, the bi-directional communication channel 406 that main frame 202 ' usefulness comprises a series of leads and client computer 204 ' link to each other.As previously mentioned, main frame and client link controller can be made with single circuit design.

Main frame also has been described and such as the signal that on the MDDI link, transmits between the such client computer of display unit, perhaps employed physical conductors in the Figure 4 and 5.From Figure 4 and 5 as seen, be used for main thoroughfare by MDDI transmission data or base station use be denoted as MDDI_Date0+/-and MDDI_Stb+/-data-signal.Each of these signals all is the low pressure data-signal, and they are transmitted on a pair of difference electric wire in cable.For each bit that sends on the interface, or MDDI_Data0 on, or MDDI_Stb on, a kind of transformation is only arranged.This makes based on voltage but not based on the transmission mechanism of electric current, so quiescent current consumption approaches zero.Host driven MDDI_Stb signal is to the client computer display.

Though data can MDDI_Data on forward direction and inverse direction on flow, promptly it is the transmitted in both directions passage, however main frame is the owner or the effector of data link.In order to make the noise immunity maximum, MDDI_Data0 and MDDI_Stb signalling channel are with difference modes work.The clock rate that the data rate of signal is sent by main frame on these lines determines, and is variable being about 1kbps on 400Mbps or bigger scope.

The data of type-II interface containing type-I on an additional data to or lead or passage, it be called as MDDI_Data1+/-.The data of type-III interface containing type-II interface on two additional datas to or signalling channel, be called as MDDI_Data2+/-and MDDI_Data3+/-.The data of type-IV interface containing type-III interface on four or more additional datas to or signalling channel, be called as respectively MDDI_Data4+/-, MDDI_Data5+/-, MDDI_Data6+/-and MDDI_Data7+/-.In every kind of above-mentioned interface configuration, main frame is sent to client computer or display with the wire pair or the signal that are named as MDDI_Pwr and MDDI_Gnd with power.

The general class transmission that only can be used for type U configuration is that MDDI USB connects or signalling channel.MDDI USB connects and to comprise be used for the secondary channel of communicating by letter between main frame and client computer display.In some applications, sending customizing messages with low relatively data rate between main frame and client computer may be more favourable.Use the USB transmission link that the device of the MDDI link controller that does not have usb host or limited host performance can be communicated with the client computer or the display of the MDDI compatibility that has been equipped with type-u interface.The information instances that can be sent to display on USB interface effectively has: static bitmap, digital audio stream, indicating device data, keyboard data and control and state information.All functions by the USB interface support also can realize with main MDDI high-speed serial data passage.Although the data of above-mentioned definition (grouping of face as follows) can be sent out on the USB style interface, yet with the requirement of back-to-back form link data and shall not be applied to this USB interface, the grouping of supporting the MDDI type to switch is used and also be shall not be applied to this USB interface.

Below, according to interface type the signal general introduction of transmitting between the main frame and client computer (display) on the MDDI link has been described in the table 1.

Table 1

Type-I	Type-II	Type-I	Type-I
				MDDI_Pwr/Gnd	MDDI_Pwr/Gnd	MDDI_Pwr/Gnd	MDDI_Pwr/Gnd
MDDI_Stb+/-	MDDI_Stb+/-	MDDI_Stb+/-	MDDI_Stb+/-
				MDDI_Data0+/-	MDDI_Data0+/-	MDDI_Data0+/-	MDDI_Data0+/-
	MDDI_Data1+/-	MDDI_Data1+/-	MDDI_Data1+/-
						MDDI_Data2+/-	MDDI_Data2+/-
Type-I		MDDI_Data3+/-	MDDI_Data3+/-
				MDDI_Pwr/Gnd			MDDI_Data4+/-
MDDI_Stb+/-			MDDI_Data5+/-
				MDDI_Data0+/-			MDDI_Data6+/-
MDDI_USB+/-			MDDI_Data7+/-

The cable that is used to realize said structure and operation generally is rated on the order of magnitude of 1.5 meters length and to comprise three twisted-pair wires right, and each is again a multiply 30AWG electric wire.The paper tinsel shielding covers and is coated or form on above-mentioned three twisted-pair feeders, as additional drain wire.Twisted-pair feeder and shielding current drainage lead stop in showing connector, wherein should shielding link to each other with the shielding of display (client computer), and have the insulating barrier that covers whole cables, and this is well-known in the art.The following pairing of lead: MDDI_Gnd and MDDI_Pwr; MDDI_Stb+ and MDDI_Stb-; MDDI_Data0+ and MDDI_Data0-; MDDI_Data1+ and MDDI_Data1-; The rest may be inferred.Specified cable size is on the order of magnitude of 3.0mm, and rated impedance is 85 ohm ± 10%, and DC resistance is rated for per 1000 feet 110 ohm.Signal velocity should be rated for 0.66c, and the maximum delay by cable is lower than about 8.0 nanoseconds.

D. data type and speed

For the user experience that realizes complete scope and the useful interface of application, mobile digital data-interface (MDDI) is supported various displays and display message, audio sensor, keyboard, indicating device, and many other input units, they can be integrated in the mobile display device or with mobile device and control information and their combination cooperation.The MDD interface is designed to the cable or wire of enough minimum numbers or comes and goes at forward direction or in the data flow that multiple potential type between main frame and client computer is provided on the reverse link direction.Synchronous flow and asynchronous flow (refreshing) can both be supported.As long as total data speed is less than or equal to the MDDI link rate of greatest hope, then the combination of many data types all is possible.These can be including, but not limited to the item of listing in following Table II and the Table III.

Table II

Table III

Interface is unfixing but ductile, so that it can comprise the transmission of the multiple information " type " of user-defined data for system flexibility support in the future.The particular instance of the data of supporting has: full-motion video, perhaps with form complete or part screen bitmap field, perhaps with the form of compressed video; Be used to preserve power and reduce static bitmap under the low rate of realization expense; PCM under various resolution or the speed or compressed video data; Indicating device position and selection; And the user-defined data of the performance that will be defined.This data also can be transmitted together with control or state information, are used for checkout gear performance or setting operation parameter.

The present invention is leading in the field that is used for transfer of data, includes but not limited to: see a film (video display and audio frequency); Use has the personal computer that limited individual observes (graphical display, sometimes in conjunction with video and audio frequency); Perhaps in " surfing " on the internet; Use visual telephone (two-way low rate video and audio frequency), be used for the camera of static number photo or be used to catch the video camera of digital video image; And be used for that productivity ratio improves or with the amusement of cell phone, smart phone or PDA.

Following mobile data interface is by providing the data of a large amount of A-V types to provide on communication that generally is configured to wired or type of cable link or transmission link.Yet, it is evident that, if can keep other transmission of expectation level, can the conditioning signal structure, form is provided is the link of optics or wireless medium for agreement, sequential or transmission mechanism.

The MDD interface signal is that baseband signal agreement or structure are used the notion that is called as common frame (CF).Theory after the use common frame is to provide lock-out pulse for synchronous data flow simultaneously.Display unit can be with this common frame as time interface.Low CF speed increases channel efficiency by the expense that reduces emission subframe header.Otherwise high CF speed reduces the stand-by period, and allows the less elastic data buffering of audio sample.The CF rate dynamic of this creative interface is able to programme and can be set as one of many values that are applicable to the synchronous flow that uses in the application-specific.That is to say that this CF value is chosen to be fit to given display unit and host configuration best according to expectation.

The general required byte number of every common frame of synchronous data flow is adjustable and programmable, and they are used for using probably, for example for the mounted micro-display of the head shown in the Table IV.

Table IV

Can easily obtain the part counting of every common frame byte with simple M/N counter structure able to programme.For example, by transmitting 27 bytes of 2 frames, respectively following the frame of one 26 byte, thereby realizing the counting of every CF26-2/3.Can select less CF speed to produce the integer byte number of every CF.Yet, generally speaking, realize that with hardware the required zone of the bigger audio sample fifo buffer of area that simple M/N counter needs is little in realizing partly or entirely used integrated circuit (IC) chip of the present invention.

The exemplary application that the influence of different pieces of information transmission rate and data type is described is a karaoke OK system.For karaoke OK system, system user is sung with the music video program.The lyrics are presented at bottom of screen, so the user knows the lyrics that will sing, and the approximate time of song.This application need has the video display that not frequent figure refreshes, and user's speech is mixed with stereo audio stream.

If the speed of supposition common frame is 300Hz, each CF will comprise so: at the audio content of the video content of 92160 bytes to the forward link of display unit and 588 bytes (in stereo, based on 147 16 bit sample), the speech of average 29.67 (26-2/3) byte is returned to from microphone moves the Karaoke machine.Asynchronous packet is sent out between main frame and display.This comprises the graph data (1/4th screen heights) of maximum 768 bytes, and less than about 200 bytes (some) of other various controls and status command.

Table V illustrates data and how to distribute in the common frame of Karaoke example.Used total speed is chosen to be about 225Mbps.High slightly speed 226Mbps allows to transmit and is about other 400 bytes of every subframe, and this allows to use once in a while control and status message.

Element speed	Byte/CF
		The music video of 640 x, 480 pixels and 30fps	92160
The lyrics text of 640 x, 120 pixels and 1fps	768
		44100sps, stereo, the CD audio frequency of 16 bits	588
8000sps, monophony, the speech of 8 bits	26.67
		The subframe header	19
The reverse link expense	26.67+2*9+20
		Total byte/CF	93626.33
Total speed (Mbps)	224.7032

E. link layer

The data that transmit with MDD interface high-speed serial data signal comprise the time division multiplexing stream of packets that links to each other one by one.Even when emitter does not have outgoing data, the MDDI link controller also automatically sends the filler grouping, thereby keeps stream of packets.The reliable synchronization timing of video and audio signal or data flow has been guaranteed in the use of simple packet structure.

The a group grouping is comprised in the signal element or structure that is called as subframe, and a group subframe is comprised in the signal element or structure that is called as media frame.Subframe comprises one or more groupings, and this depends on their corresponding size and transfer of data purposes, and media frame must comprise many one subframe.The maximum subframe that the agreement of being used by the present invention provides is 2 ³²-1 is on the order of magnitude of 4,294,967,295 bytes, so maximum media frame size becomes 2 ¹⁶-1 is on the order of magnitude of 65,535 bytes.

As described below, the special header grouping that comprises unique identifier appears at the place that begins of each subframe.This identifier also is used for catching frame regularly at the client apparatus place when starting communicating by letter between main frame and display.The link timing acquisition obtains describing in detail below.

Generally speaking, when showing full-motion video, the every media frame of display screen is updated once.Display frame rate is identical with media frame speed.Link protocol is supported the full-motion video on the whole display, perhaps only zonule of the full-motion video content of surrounding by still image, and this depends on the application of expectation.In some low power mobile application, for example check Web webpage or Email, display screen only need be updated once in a while.Under those situations, launch that single subframe is closed link then so that the power consumption minimum is favourable.Interface is also supported such as the such effect of stereo display, and the primitive of processing graphics.

The existence of subframe makes the grouping of high priority can be with cyclical transmission.This allows the data buffering coexistence of synchronous flow simultaneously and minimum number.This is an advantage that the invention provides to procedure for displaying, allows a plurality of data flow (high-speed communication of video, speech, control, state, indicating device or the like) to share a common signal channel in essence.It transmits information with signal relatively seldom.It also makes the proprietary action of Display Technique exist, such as the vertical sync pulse of CRT monitor and black-out intervals.

F. link controller

MDDI link controller shown in the Figure 4 and 5 is manufactured into or emulation becomes complete Digital Implementation, except being used to receive the differential lines receiver of MDDI data and gating signal.The hardware of realizing link controller is without any need for simulated operation or phase-locked loop (PLL).Main frame and display link controller comprise closely similar function, except display interface device comprises the state machine that is used for link synchronization.Therefore, the single controller that the present invention allows practical advantage to create and is configured to main frame or client computer designs or circuit, and this generally speaking can reduce the manufacturing cost of link controller.

IV. interface link agreement

A. frame structure

Illustrated among Fig. 6 that realization is used for the signaling protocol or the frame structure of the forward-link communication of transmitted in packets.As shown in Figure 6, information or numerical data are combined into the element that is called as grouping.A plurality of groupings are combined successively to form " subframe ", and a plurality of subframes are combined successively to form " medium " frame.For the transmission of control frame form and subframe, each subframe begins with predefined especially grouping, is called as subframe header packet (SHP).

Host apparatus is selected to be the data rate of given transmission use.The maximum capacity of other devices that data that this speed can be searched from the source according to the maximum transmitted performance of main frame or by main frame by host apparatus and display or data are sent to and dynamically changing.

The trusted client apparatus is designed to, perhaps can work with WDDI, perhaps Fa Ming signaling protocol can be by host query with the definite maximum that it can use or the message transmission rate of current maximum, the default low minimum-rate that perhaps may use, and available data types of being supported and characteristic.As further described below, this information can divide into groups with display performance (DCP) transmit.The client computer display unit can be transmitted data with interface and other devices with the minimum data rate of selection in advance or in the minimum data rate scope or communicate by letter, and main frame will be inquired to determine the over-all properties of client apparatus with the data rate in this scope.

Other definition bitmap character of displays and the state information of video frame rate performance can be transferred into main frame in status packet, make main frame or to be configured to efficiently or to be configured to put into practice the best this interface, and be perhaps desired in any system constraint.

When not having the packet that will be transmitted in the current subframe, perhaps when main frame can not keep synchronous enough speed to transmit with the message transmission rate selected with being forward link, main frame sent the filler grouping.Because each subframe comprises a grouping (most possibly being the filler grouping) of just in time filling previous subframe with subframe header packet beginning, the end of therefore previous subframe.Bear in shortage under the situation of data space of every collection grouping, filler last grouping in the most likely subframe of dividing into groups perhaps is in the end of next last subframe and before the subframe header packet.The task of control operation is to guarantee that enough remaining spaces are arranged in the subframe in the host apparatus, is used for sending in this subframe each grouping.Meanwhile, in case the transmission of host apparatus log-on data grouping, main frame must successfully be finished the grouping of this size in the frame, and does not cause the underrun state of data.

Aspect of the embodiment of the invention, the subframe transmission has two kinds of patterns.A pattern is the periodicity subframe pattern that is used to launch live video and audio stream.In this pattern, subframe lengths is defined as non-zero.Second pattern is asynchronous or the aperiodicity pattern, but wherein frame is used for only in the fresh information time spent data bitmap being offered display unit.This pattern defines by in the subframe header packet subframe lengths being made as zero.When the life cycle sexual norm, subframe branch group of received can begin when synchronous with forward link frame structure at display.This is corresponding to " synchronously " state of the state diagram definition of discussing below with reference to Figure 49.In asynchronous aperiodicity subframe pattern, be received in to receive and begin after the first subframe header packet.

B. total packet structure

Provide the packet format or the structure that are used for the signaling protocol that formulism realized by the present invention below, to keep it in mind interface be extendible and can add additional packet configuration as required.Grouping is marked as according to their functions in interface or is divided into different " packet type ", that is to say, according to the instruction or the data of their transmission.Therefore, each packet type represents to be used to operate the predefined packet configuration of the given grouping of the grouping that is transmitted and data.Can know and see that grouping may have the length of selecting in advance or have the length of variable or dynamically changeable according to their function corresponding.The signless integer that used byte or byte value are configured to many bits (8 or 16 bit) in the various groupings.List employed grouping summary and " type " expression thereof with the type order in the Table VI.Transmitted in packets is regarded as effective direction and is also write down, and whether they are used for type-u interface.

Table VI

Grouping has public basic structure or one group of total minimum field, comprises block length field, packet type field, data byte field and crc field, and this obtains explanation in Fig. 7.As shown in Figure 7, the block length field comprises the information that form is many bits or multibyte value, total number of bits in the designated packet, perhaps its length between block length field and crc field.In the preferred embodiment of example of the present invention, the block length field comprise 16 bits promptly 2 byte wides, signless integer, its designated packet length.Packet type field is another many bit fields, and it indicates the information type that comprises in the grouping.In the exemplary embodiment of example of the present invention, this is the i.e. value of 1 byte wide of one 8 bit, and form is 8 bit unsigned integer, and specifies such as such data type such as display performance, switching, video or audio stream, state etc.

The 3rd field is a data byte, and it comprises bit or the data that are transmitted or send as the part of this grouping between main frame and client apparatus.Data format is that each packet type defines especially according to the particular type that is transmitted data, and can be divided into a series of added field, respectively has the call format of himself.That is to say that each packet type has the form of definition for this part or field.Last field is a crc field, is included in the 16 bit cyclic redundancy code results that calculate on data byte, packet type and the block length field, is used for confirming the grouping information integrity.In other words, in whole groupings, calculated except crc field self.Client computer is general to keep detected crc error sum, and should count in showing request and status packet and report back main frame (as follows).

During transmitted in packets, the field that is sent begins with least significant bit (LSB), and finishes with the highest significant position (MSB) of last transmission.Length sends with least significant byte earlier greater than the parameter of a byte, causes using identical bit transfer pattern for length greater than the parameter of 8 bits, just as the shorter parameter that is used for wherein sending earlier LSB.The 0th bit alignment of the data on the MDDI_Data0 signalling channel and the byte that sends on interface with arbitrary pattern, pattern has type-I, type-II, type-III or type-IV.

When manipulation was used for data presented, the data of pel array were sent out by row earlier, by row, generally all did like this in the electronic applications then.In other words, the sending order that appears at all pixels in the same delegation of bitmap is: send leftmost pixel earlier, send rightmost pixel at last.After having sent the rightmost pixel of delegation, the pixel of following in the sequence is the leftmost pixel of next line.For most of displays, the row of pixel generally is sent out with from top to bottom order, yet also can adopt other configurations as required.And when handling bitmap, the conventional method of following here is, is labeled as the position or skew " 0,0 " defines a reference point by the upper left corner with bitmap.As a people during, be used for defining or the X and Y coordinates value of definite bitmap position increases respectively near the right of bitmap and bottom.First row and first row are with subscript value zero beginning.

C. grouping definition

1. subframe header packet

The subframe header packet is first grouping of each subframe, and has basic structure as described in Figure 8.As shown in Figure 8, such grouping is configured to have block length, packet type, unique word, subframe lengths, protocol version, sub-frame count and media frame count area, and general sequence is like this.Such grouping generally is identified as the previously selected regular length that type 255 (0 x ff hexadecimal) is divided into groups and used 17 bytes.

Though packet type field is used 1 byte value, yet the unique word field is used 3 byte values.4 combination of bytes of these two fields form together has good autocorrelative 32 bit unique words.Actual unique word is 0 x 005a3bff, and 8 wherein lower bits are sent out earlier as packet type, and is sent out after the 24 the highest bits.

The subframe lengths field comprises 4 byte information of specifying every subframe byte number.The length of this field can be set as zero, is illustrated in link and is closed to main frame before the idle condition and will only sends a subframe.When from a sub-frame transfer during to next subframe, the dynamic change that can " be in operation " of the value in this field.In order to be used for providing the lock-out pulse of synchronous data flow to make less timing adjusting, this performance is useful.If the CRC of subframe header packet is invalid, then link controller should use the subframe lengths of the good subframe header packet of previously known to estimate the length of current subframe.

Protocol version field comprises 2 bytes, specifies the protocol version that is used by main frame.Protocol version field is set as " 0 ", and first or current version of agreement are appointed as in the use.This value will change in time along with the establishment of redaction.The sub-frame count field comprises 2 bytes, the sequence number of the number of sub frames that the appointment expression has been sent out when media frame begins.It is zero sub-frame count that first subframe of media frame has value.The value of last subframe of media frame is n-1, wherein the number of sub frames of the every media frame of n.Notice that if subframe lengths is set as zero (expression aperiodicity subframe), then sub-frame count also must be set as zero.

The media frame count area comprises 3 bytes, specifies a sequence number, the media frame number that expression has been sent out since the current media item that is transmitted or data begin.The media frame counting of first media frame of media item is zero.The media frame counting just increased one before first subframe of each media frame, and was using maximum media frame counting (media frame number 2 ²⁴-1=16,777,215) become zero afterwards again.The media frame count value generally can be reset to satisfy the needs of terminal program at any time by main frame.

2. filler grouping

The filler grouping is the grouping that is sent to client apparatus or is issued from client apparatus when not having other information that can be sent out on forward direction or the reverse link.Recommend the filler grouping to have minimum length so that the maximum flexibility when need allowing to send other groupings.In the end of subframe or reverse link encapsulating packets (as follows), link controller is set the size of filler grouping so that fill remaining space to keep the grouping globality.

Fig. 9 illustrates the format and content of filler grouping.As shown in Figure 9, the structure of such grouping is for having block length, packet type, filler byte and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 0, and it is represented in the type field of 1 byte.Bit in the filler byte field or byte comprise complete zero bit of variable number, and the permission filler is grouped into the length into expectation.Minimum filler is grouped in and does not comprise any byte in this field.That is to say that this grouping only is made up of block length, packet type and CRC, and uses the previously selected regular length of 3 bytes.

3. stream of video packets

Stream of video packets is carried video data and is come the rectangular area of update displayed device brokenly.The size in this zone may diminish to single pixel or arrives whole display greatly.Have simultaneously the stream that the quantity that shows is limit hardly, be subjected to system resource constraints, this is to be included in the stream of video packets because show a required four corner of stream.Figure 10 illustrates the form (video data format descriptor symbol) of stream of video packets.As shown in figure 10, the structure of this type packet has block length, packet type, video data descriptor, display properties, X left hand edge, Y top edge, X right hand edge, Y lower limb, X and Y starting point, pixel counts, parameters C RC, pixel data and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as Class1, and it is represented in the type field of 1 byte.

Above-mentioned common frame notion is the effective means that makes audio frequency buffer size minimum and reduce the stand-by period.Yet, for video data, may a plurality of stream of video packets in media frame between the pixel of a frame of video of expansion.Same likely is that the pixel in the single stream of video packets can be just in time corresponding to rectangular window complete on the display.For the video frame rate of exemplary per second 30 frames, per second has 300 subframes, and this causes 10 subframes of every media frame.If 480 row pixels are arranged in every frame, then each stream of video packets in each subframe will comprise 48 row pixels.In other cases, stream of video packets may not comprise the capable pixel of integer.This also is correct for other video frame size, and wherein the number of sub frames of every media frame is divided into the line number (being also referred to as video line) of every frame of video unevenly.Even each stream of video packets may not comprise the capable pixel of integer, yet it must comprise an integer pixel.If pixel is greater than every pixel one byte, if perhaps they are packet format shown in Figure 12, this will be important so.

Figure 11 a-11d illustrates the employed format and content of operation of realizing above-mentioned video data descriptor field.Among Figure 11 a-11d, video data format descriptor symbol field comprises 2 bytes, and its form is the signless integer of 16 bits, has specified in the current group in the current stream form of each pixel in the pixel data.Various flows (being indicated by the stream id field) may be used different pixel data forms,, uses different value in the video data format descriptor symbol that is, and is same, and any stream all may be in operation and change its data format.The video data format descriptor symbol has defined the pixel format of current group, and only this does not mean that and can continue to use constant form in the particular video stream useful life.

How Figure 11 a-11d has illustrated the coding video frequency data format descriptor.As used among these figure, shown in Figure 11 a, when bit [15: 13] equaled " 000 ", video data comprised the include monochrome pixels of an array, and wherein the bit number of every pixel is by 3 to 0 definition in position of video data format descriptor symbol word.Shown in Figure 11 b, when bit [15: 13] equaled " 001 ", video data comprised the colour element of an array, and wherein every pixel is all specified a color in the chromatic graph.In this case, the position 5 to 0 of video data format descriptor symbol word has defined the bit number of every pixel, and position 11 to 6 is set as equals zero.Shown in Figure 11 c, when bit [15: 13] equaled " 010 ", video data comprised the colour element of an array, and wherein Hong Se every pixel bit number is by 11 to 8 definition in position, green every pixel bit number is by 7 to 4 definition in position, and blue every pixel bit number is by 3 to 0 definition in position.In this case, total every pixel bit number is red, green and blue used bit number sum.

Yet, shown in Figure 11 d, when bit [15: 13] equals " 011 ", video data comprises the video data of an array, form is 4: 2: 2, has brightness and chrominance information, and every pixel bit number of wherein brightness (Y) is by position 11 to 8 definition, the bit number of Cr component is by position 7 to 4 definition, and the bit number of Cb component is by position 3 to 0 definition.Total bit number of every pixel is red, green and blue used bit number sum.Cr and Cb are sent out with half of the speed that sends Y.In addition, video sampling such as the undertissue in the pixel data of this grouping part: Y _n, Cr _n, Cb _n, Y _N+1, Y _N+2, Cr _N+2, Cb _N+2, Y _N+3... Cr wherein _nAnd Cb _nWith Y _nAnd Y _N+1Relevant, Cr _N+2And Cb _N+2With Y _N+2And Y _N+3Relevant, the rest may be inferred.If odd number of pixels (X right hand edge-X left hand edge+1) is arranged in the delegation of current stream, then will follow the Y value of first pixel of next line corresponding to the Cb value back of last pixel in every row.

For four kinds of forms of all shown in the figure, the position 12 that is indicated as being " P " specifies whether this pixel data sampling is pixel data grouping or byte-aligned.In this field in " 0 " value representation pixel data field each pixel in each pixel and each color all with MDDI interface byte boundary byte-aligned.Each color in " 1 " value representation pixel data in each pixel and each pixel is all with respect to the last pixel in the pixel or color and packaged and do not stay untapped bit.

First pixel in first stream of video packets of specific display window can enter the upper left corner by the stream window of X skew and Y skew definition, and the next pixel that receives is placed in next location of pixels in the delegation, and the rest may be inferred.For the ease of this operation, display makes " next pixel row and column " counter keep relevant with each motion video stream ID.

4. audio stream grouping

The voice data that will play or be used for the independent audio visualization means by the audio system of display is carried in the audio stream grouping.Can distribute different audio data streams for the voice-grade channel of separating in sound system, for example: left front, right front, middle, left back and right back, this depends on employed audio system type.For the headphone that comprises enhancement mode backlash sound signal processing provides supplying fully of voice-grade channel.Figure 13 has illustrated the form of audio stream grouping.As shown in figure 13, this type packet structure has bit, audio sample rate, parameters C RC, digital audio-frequency data and the voice data crc field of block length, packet type, voice-grade channel ID, audio sample counting, every sampling and grouping.Such grouping generally is marked as type 2 groupings.

The bit field of every sampling and grouping comprises 1 byte, and form is 8 bit unsigned integer, has specified the packet format of voice data.General employed form is the bit number of the every pcm audio sampling of position 4 to 0 definition.Whether position 5 specifies this digital audio-frequency data sampling through grouping.Figure 14 has illustrated the difference through between audio sample grouping and byte-aligned.Each pcm audio sampling and MDDI interface byte boundary byte-aligned in " 0 " value designation number digital audio field, and each continuous pcm audio sampling of " 1 " value indication is grouped with respect to last audio sample.This is only just effective when the value (bit number of every pcm audio sampling) with position 4 to 0 definition is not eight multiple.Position 7 to 6 keeps in order to using and generally be set as null value in the future.

5. the stream packets of Bao Liuing

Desired as the various application that run into, packet type 3 to 55 keeps in order to stream packets will be defined the variant that is used for form in the future or packet oriented protocol.Equally, this part makes the MDD interface more flexible and more useful in the face of the technology of comparing continuous variation with other technology and system design the time.

6. user-defined stream packets

Kept eight kinds of data stream type that are called as type 56 to 63, can be in the proprietary application that the MDDI link uses to be ready for use on by equipment manufacturers' definition.These are called as user-defined stream packets.Stream of video packets is carried the rectangular area that video data upgrades (or not) display.The stream parameter of these packet types and the definition of data are left particular device manufacturer for and are sought its purposes.Figure 15 has illustrated the form of user-defined stream packets.As shown in figure 15, such packet configuration is for having block length, packet type, stream ID number, stream parameter, parameters C RC, flow data and flow data crc field.

7. chromatic graph grouping

The chromatic graph grouping has been specified and has been used to display to manifest the content of the chromatic graph look-up table of color.Some application may require chromatic graph greater than the data volume that can send in single grouping.In these cases, can transmit a plurality of chromatic graph groupings, each is all by using following skew and length field to have the different subclass of chromatic graph.Figure 16 has illustrated the form of chromatic graph grouping.As shown in figure 16, the structure of such grouping has block length, packet type, chromatic graph size of data, chromatic graph skew, parameters C RC, chromatic graph data and data crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 64 groupings.

8. reverse link encapsulating packets

Data are transmitted on oppositely with the reverse link encapsulating packets.Forward link packets is sent out, and MDDI link operation (transmission direction) is changed or turns in the centre of this grouping so that can send grouping on oppositely.Figure 17 has illustrated the form of reverse link encapsulating packets.As shown in figure 17, such packet configuration have block length, packet type, reverse link sign, turn to length, parameters C RC, turn to 1, reverse data grouping and turn to 2.Such grouping generally is identified as type 65 groupings.

The MDDI link controller is worked in special mode when sending the reverse link encapsulating packets.The MDD interface has a gating signal that is always encouraged by main frame.Main frame puts up a good show zero for turning to each one of bit transmission of reverse data packet partial of reverse link encapsulating packets as it.During two periods turnaround times and be the time durations of reverse data packet allocation, main frame is at each bit boundaries conversion MDDI_Strobe signal.(this just is equivalent to it in the behavior that sends full remainder certificate.) main frame is being forbidden its MDDI data-signal circuit driver by the time period that turns to 1 appointment, and client computer is restarted its line driver during restarting field by the driver after the time period that turns to 2 field appointments.Display reads and turns to length parameter and immediately data-signal is driven to main frame after turning to last bit of 1 field.Display uses block length and turns to length parameter to learn the time span that can be used for grouping is sent to main frame.When not being sent to the data of main frame, client computer can send the filler grouping or data wire is energized to nought state.If data wire is energized to zero, then main frame is interpreted as it have the distance of zero mark degree grouping of (not being effective length), and main frame current reverse link encapsulating packets the duration no longer receive any grouping from client computer.

Display at least one reverse link clock cycle before turning to 2 fields to begin is energized to zero level with the MDDI data wire.This makes data wire remain on definite state in 2 time periods turning to.If client computer no longer includes grouping to be sent, it in addition they can be energized to disable data line after the zero level, this is because dormancy biasing resistor (elsewhere discussion) makes data wire remain on zero level in all the other times of reverse data grouping field.

Display required byte number in the reverse link encapsulating packets can use the reverse link request field that shows request and status packet (Display Request and Status Packet) when notifying main frame that data are beamed back main frame.The byte of this quantity allows this request by distributing at least in the reverse link encapsulating packets in the main frame attempt.Main frame can send in subframe more than a reverse link encapsulating packets.Display can show that request and status packet, main frame are interpreted as the reverse link required parameter total bytes of asking in the subframe almost whenever sending.

9. display performance grouping

For with the mode configure host of general the best or expectation to the display link, main frame need be known the performance of the display (client computer) that it is being communicated by letter.Recommend display synchronously the display performance grouping to be sent to main frame at the acquisition forward link.When by the reverse link sign request in the main frame usefulness reverse link encapsulating packets, regard this transmission packets of needs as.Figure 18 has illustrated the form of display performance grouping.As shown in figure 18, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, protocol version, minimal protocol version, bitmap width, bitmap height, monochromatic performance, chromatic graph performance, RGB performance, Y Cr Cb performance, indicating characteristic performance, data rate capabilities, frame rate performance, audio frequency buffer depth, audio stream performance, audio rate performance, minimum subframe speed and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 66 groupings.

10. keyboard data grouping

The keyboard data grouping is used for keyboard data is sent to main frame from client apparatus.Wireless (or wired) keyboard can use with various displays or audio devices, audio display/audio frequency visualization means that the latter installs including, but not limited to, head.The keyboard data grouping will relay to main frame from the keyboard data that one of a plurality of given key plate-like devices receive.This grouping is also available on the forward link so that data are sent to keyboard.Figure 19 illustrates the form of keyboard data grouping, comprises from keyboard or is used for the information of the variable byte quantity of keyboard.As shown in figure 19, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, keyboard data and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 67 groupings.

11. indicating device packet

The indicating device packet is used for the positional information from wireless mouse or other indicating device is sent to main frame from display.Data also can be sent to indicating device on the forward link with this grouping.Figure 20 illustrates the form of indicating device packet, comprises from indicating device or is used in reference to the information of the variable byte quantity of showing device.As shown in figure 20, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, indicating device data and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 68 groupings.

12. link-down grouping

The link-down grouping is sent to the client computer display from main frame, and indication MDDI data and gating will be closed and enter low-power consumption " dormancy " state.After mobile communications device was sent to display, perhaps when not having information from host computer to be transferred into client computer at present, this grouping was useful for closing link and preserving power at static bitmap.Normal running continues when main frame sends grouping once more.First grouping that is sent out after the dormancy is the subframe header packet.Figure 21 illustrates the form of show state grouping.As shown in figure 21, such packet configuration has block length, packet type and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 69 groupings in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 3 bytes of selecting in advance.

In low power sleep state, the MDDI_Data driver is disabled to be high-impedance state, and the MDDI_Data signal is with moving the logic zero state to by the over excited high impedance biasing networks of display.In order to make the power consumption minimum, the gating signal that interface uses is set as the logical zero level in resting state.As described elsewhere, or main frame or display can make the MDDI link " revive " from resting state to come, and this is advanced part of key of the present invention and advantage.

13. show request and status packet

Main frame need be from a little information of display, thus it in the best way configure host to the display link.Recommending the every subframe of display to send a show state divides into groups to main frame.Display should be passed to main frame to guarantee it reliably with should grouping dividing into groups to send as first in the reverse link encapsulating packets.Figure 22 illustrates the form of show state grouping.As shown in figure 22, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, reverse link request, CRC error count and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 70 groupings in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 7 bytes of selecting in advance.

The byte number that display needed in the reverse link encapsulating packets when reverse link request field can be used for notifying main frame that data are beamed back main frame.Main frame should the byte number of this quantity allows this request by distributing at least in the reverse link encapsulating packets.For data are provided, main frame may send in subframe more than a reverse link encapsulating packets.Display may send at any time and show request and status packet, and main frame will be interpreted as the total bytes of being asked in the subframe to the reverse link required parameter.Reverse link data is shown below how is beamed back the additional detail and the particular instance of main frame.

14. bit block transmission grouping

Bit block transmission grouping provides a kind of device that rolls the volume viewing area in any direction.Display with this performance will be reported this performance in the position 0 of the indicating characteristic performance indicator field that display performance divides into groups.Figure 23 illustrates the form of bit block transmission grouping.As shown in figure 23, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, upper left X value, upper left Y value, window width, window height, window X displacement, window Y displacement and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 71 groupings, and uses regular length 15 bytes of selecting in advance.

These fields are used to specify the X of upper left corner coordinate of the window that will be moved and Y value, the window width that will be moved and height and will be by the pixel count of the window of level and vertical moving respectively.Latter two field on the occasion of make window by to the right, move down, and negative value makes window and move up left.

15. bitmap region is filled grouping

Bitmap region is filled grouping a kind of device that easily viewing area is initialized as single color is provided.Display with this performance will be reported this performance in the position 1 of the indicating characteristic performance indicator field that display performance divides into groups.Figure 24 illustrates the form that bitmap region is filled grouping.As shown in figure 24, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, upper left X value, upper left Y value, window width, window height, data format descriptor symbol, pixel region filling value and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 72 groupings in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 17 bytes of selecting in advance.

16. bitmap pattern is filled grouping

Bitmap pattern is filled grouping a kind of device that easily viewing area is initialized as the pattern of selecting in advance is provided.Display with this performance will be reported this performance in the position 2 of the indicating characteristic performance indicator field that display performance divides into groups.Align with the upper left corner of the window that will be filled in the upper left corner of filling pattern.If the window that is filled is wideer or high than filling pattern, then this pattern can level or vertically is repeated repeatedly to fill this window.The right of the pattern that last time is repeated or bottom are blocked as required.If this window is littler than filling pattern, then in order to be fit to this window, the right of filling pattern or following being blocked.

Figure 25 illustrates the form that bitmap pattern is filled grouping.As shown in figure 25, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, upper left X value, upper left Y value, window width, window height, pattern width, pattern height, data format descriptor symbol, parameters C RC, pattern pixel data and pixel data crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 73 groupings in 1 byte type field.

17. communicating link data channel packet

The communicating link data channel packet provides a kind of display unit with high level calculated performance, such as PDA, is used for and communicates such as the such transceiver of cell phone or wireless data communications port device.In this case, the MDDI link plays communicator and has the effect that makes things convenient for high-speed interface between the calculation element of mobile display, and wherein this is grouped in data link layer transmission data of the operating system of device.For example, if Web browser, email client or whole PDA are built in the mobile display, then can use this grouping.Display with this performance will be reported this performance in the position 3 of the indicating characteristic performance indicator field that display performance divides into groups.

Figure 26 illustrates the form of communicating link data channel packet.As shown in figure 26, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, parameters C RC, communicating link data and communication data crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 74 groupings in type field.

18. interface type handoff request grouping

It can requesting clients be that display is transformed into type i (serial), Type II (2 bit parallel), type-iii (4 bit parallel) or type i V (8 bit parallel) pattern from existing or present mode that the grouping of interface type handoff request makes main frame.Before the specific pattern of host request, it should confirm that display can be operated in the pattern of expectation by the position 6 and 7 of checking the indicating characteristic performance indicator field that display performance divides into groups.Figure 27 illustrates the form of interface type handoff request grouping.As shown in figure 27, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, interface type and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 75 groupings, and uses regular length 4 bytes of selecting in advance.

19. interface type is confirmed grouping

Interface type confirms that grouping is sent by display, is used to confirm that interface type switches the reception of grouping.The pattern of being asked, type i (serial), Type II (2 bit parallel), type-iii (4 bit parallel) or type i V (8 bit parallel) pattern are reflected back toward main frame as the parameter in this grouping.Figure 28 illustrates the form that interface type is confirmed grouping.As shown in figure 28, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, interface type and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 76 groupings, and uses regular length 4 bytes of selecting in advance.

Switch grouping 20. carry out type

Carrying out type switching grouping is the device that the Host Command display switches to prescribed model in this grouping.This confirms that by grouping of interface type handoff request and interface type the pattern of grouping request and affirmation is identical with the front.Main frame and display should switch to the pattern through agreeing after sending this grouping.Link synchronization may be lost and regain to display during patterns of change.Figure 29 illustrates and carries out the form that type is switched grouping.As shown in figure 29, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, packet type and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 76 groupings in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 4 bytes of selecting in advance.

21. the forward direction voice-grade channel enables grouping

This grouping permission main frame enables or forbids the voice-grade channel in the display.This performance is useful, so display (client computer) can not have to close will be by the audio frequency of main frame output the time audio frequency amplifier or similar circuit element with saving power.This especially is difficult to the existence of the audio stream that is used as designator or does not exist and realization impliedly.The default setting that display system is powered is that all voice-grade channels are enabled.Figure 30 illustrates the form that the forward direction voice-grade channel enables to divide into groups.As shown in figure 30, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, voice-grade channel and enables shielding and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 78 groupings in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 4 bytes of selecting in advance.

22. oppositely audio sample rate grouping

This grouping allows main frame to enable or forbid the reverse link voice-grade channel, and the audio data samples rate of this stream is set.Main frame selects to be defined in effective sample rate in the display performance grouping.If main frame has been selected invalid sample rate, then display can not be sent to main frame to audio stream.Main frame can be forbidden the reverse link audio stream by sample rate being made as 255.Default setting supposition display system initially is powered or forbids the reverse link audio stream and connect.Figure 31 illustrates the form of reverse audio sample rate grouping.As shown in figure 31, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, audio sample rate and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 79 groupings, and uses regular length 4 bytes of selecting in advance.

23. digital content protection expense grouping

This grouping allows main frame and the display exchange message relevant with employed digital content protection method.Current design two class content protectings, DTCP (DTCP), or HDCP system (HDCP) are specified in the future other protection scheme and to be allowed some leeway.Employed method is specified by the content protecting type parameter in this grouping.Figure 32 illustrates the form of digital content protection expense grouping.Shown in figure 32, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, content protecting type, content protecting Overhead Message and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 80 groupings.

24. Transparent color enables grouping

The use that Transparent color enables to divide into groups to be used to specify color transparent in the display and enables or forbid the Transparent color that is used for display image.Display with this performance will be reported this performance in the position 4 of the indicating characteristic performance indicator field that display performance divides into groups.When the pixel that has transparent colour was written into bitmap, color did not change from last value.Figure 33 illustrates the form that Transparent color enables to divide into groups.As shown in figure 33, such packet configuration have that block length, packet type, Transparent color enable, data format descriptor accords with, transparent pixels value and crc field.Such grouping generally is identified as type 81 groupings in 1 byte type field, and uses regular length 10 bytes of selecting in advance.

25. round trip delay time is measured grouping

Round trip delay time measurement grouping is used for measurement time-delay of (display) from the main frame to the client computer and adds the time-delay of getting back to main frame from client computer (display).This measurement comprised the time-delay that is present in line driver and receiver and the interconnects subsystems originally.As described in as top, this measurement is used for setting turning to of reverse link encapsulating packets and delays time and reverse link rate divisor parameter.When the MDDI link moved with the maximal rate of application-specific, this grouping was the most useful.MDDI_Stb works when being sent out in following field as the full remainder: complete zero, two guard times and measuring period.This makes MDDI_Stb half place's conversion at data rate, so it can be used as the periodicity clock in the display when measuring period.

Figure 34 illustrates the form that round trip delay time is measured grouping.As shown in figure 34, such packet configuration has block length, packet type, parameters C RC, gating alignment, complete zero, guard time 1, measuring period, guard time 2 and driver enable field again.Such grouping generally is identified as type 82 groupings, and uses regular length 535 bits of selecting in advance.

Figure 35 has illustrated the event-order serie that occurs in during round trip delay time is measured grouping.In Figure 35, main frame sends round trip delay time and measures grouping, shown in the existence of parameters C RC after full zero-sum guard time 1 field and gating alignment field.Time-delay 3502 took place before grouping arrives client computer display or treatment circuit system.When display received grouping, it began the place in the measuring period of being determined by display and sends as far as possible reality 0 x ff, 0 x ff, 0 x, 0 pattern accurately.The real time that display begins to send this sequence delays time to some extent than the beginning from the angle measuring period of main frame.This amount of delay just in time is that it makes the time of grouping by line driver and receiver and interconnects subsystems propagation.Cause similar amount of delay 3504 for making this pattern be propagated back to main frame from display.

For the round trip delay time of the signal of determining to traverse client computer exactly, main frame is counted the bit time periods number that begins the back measuring period and take place, up to the beginning of 0 x ff, 0 x ff, 0 x, 0 sequence till being detected after the arrival.This information is used for determining to come and go signal and is delivered to client computer and returns used time quantum once more from main frame.Then, approximately half of this quantity owing to the time-delay of creating to the one-way passage of client computer for signal.

Display is almost forbidden its line driver immediately after sending last position 0 x ff, 0 x ff, 0 x, 0 pattern.Guard time 2 makes the line driver of display have the state that entered high-impedance state before main frame sends the block length of next grouping fully.Dormancy is pulled on and the resistor of leaving behind (seeing Figure 42) guarantees that the MDDI_Data signal all is maintained at effective low level in the interval of disabled line driver in main frame and display.

D. CRC divides into groups

Crc field appears at the end of grouping, appears at sometimes in the grouping after some a plurality of key parameter, the latter's grouping has very big data field, and therefore has the fallibility that has increased between transmission period.In the grouping with two crc fields, when only using one, the CRC generator is reinitialized after a CRC, therefore follows the CRC after the long data field to calculate the influence that is not subjected to dividing into groups to begin to locate parameter.

In exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the multinomial that is used for CRC calculating is called as CRC-16, i.e. X ¹⁶+ X ¹⁵+ X ²+ X ⁰Figure 36 illustrates and realizes the CRC generator useful when of the present invention and the simple realization of verifier 3600.In Figure 36, CRC register 3602 is the value of being initialized to 0 x 0001 before grouping first bit transfer just, this first bit is imported on the Tx_MDDI_Data_Before_CRC line, and the byte of this grouping is shifted in in the register that begins with LSB first then.Notice register bit number among this figure corresponding to used multinomial order, but not the bit position of using by MDDI.More effective is that this causes CRC bit 15 to appear at the bit position 0 of MDDICRC field with single direction displacement CRC register, and CRC register bit 14 appears at MDDICRC field bit position 1, and the rest may be inferred, till arriving MDDI bit position 14.

As example, if show the packet content of request and status packet be: 0 x, 07,0 x, 46,0 x, 000400,0 x 00 (or shows as byte sequence: 0 x, 07,0 x, 00,0 x, 46,0 x, 00,0 x, 04,0 x, 00,0 x 00), and with multiplexer 3604 and 3606 and submit to 3608 the input of non-(NAND) door, the CRC output that produces on the Tx_MDDI_Data_With_CRC line is 0 x Oea1 (or being expressed as sequence 0 x a1,0 x 0e).

When CRC generator and verifier 3600 are configured to the CRC check device, the CRC that receives on the Rx_MDDI_Data line is the input of multiplexer 3604 and NAND gate 3608, and with compare by turn with NOR gate 3610, XOR (XOR) door 3612 with value that door 3614 finds in the CRC register.Notice that exemplary circuit shown in Figure 36 can export a more than CRC error signal in given CHECK_CRC_NOW window (seeing Figure 37 b).Therefore, the CRC error counter only can be counted each interior at interval CRC mistake example of CHECK_CRC_NOW activity.If be configured to the CRC generator, then CRC is used as timeticks in the time that conforms to minute group end and exports from the CRC register.

Among Figure 37 a and the 37b with caption the timing of input and output signal and enable signal.State (0 or 1) with Gen_Reset, Check_CRC_Now, Generate_CRC_Now and Sending_MDDI_Data signal and Tx_MDDI_Data_Before_CRC and Tx_MDDI_Data_With_CRC signal among Figure 37 a illustrates the generation of CRC and the transmission of packet.State with Gen_Reset, Check_CRC_Now, Generate_CRC_Now and Sending_MDDI_Data signal and Rx_MDDI_Data and CRC error signal among Figure 37 b illustrates the reception of packet and the verification of crc value.

V. restart from the link of dormancy

When main frame when resting state restarts forward link, it is energized to about 150 microseconds of logical one state with MDDI_Data, activate MDDI_Stb then and simultaneously MDDI_Data is energized to the logic zero state 50 microseconds, begin forward link traffic by sending the subframe header packet then.This is generally by solving bus conflict before allowing enough stabilization time sending the subframe header packet providing between signal.

When client computer, here be display, need be from the data of main frame or communication the time, it is energized to about 70 microseconds of logical one state with the MDDI_Data0 line, yet can use section At All Other Times according to expectation, forbid this driver by placing it in high-impedance state then.This action is opened main frame or is restarted data traffic on the forward link (208), and the poll client computer is about its state.Main frame must detect the existence of request pulse in 50 microseconds, begin initiating sequence then, and MDDI_Data0 is energized to logical one 150 microseconds and is energized to logical zero 50 microseconds.If display detects MDDI_Data0 more than 50 microseconds in the logical one state, then it must not send the service request pulse.Below the selection character of the time relevant with initiating sequence with the dormancy processing and the tolerance in the time interval further are discussed.

The treatment step example that does not have the exemplary service of contention request event 3800 has been described among Figure 38, has wherein indicated incident with alphabetical A, B, C, D, E, F and G for convenience of description.When main frame is sent to client apparatus when notifying its link to change low power sleep state into link-down grouping (LinkShutdown Packet), process begins at an A.In next step, main frame enters low power sleep state by forbidding the MDDI_Data0 driver and the MDDI_Stb driver being made as logical zero, shown in a B.MDDI_Data0 is urged to zero level by the high impedance biasing networks.After certain period, client computer is by driving MDDI_Data0 shown in a C to the logical one level the service request pulsing to main frame.Main frame still sends zero level with the high impedance biasing networks, and the driver in the client computer forces circuit to become the logical one level.In 50 microseconds, main frame is recognized the service request pulse, and sends the logical one level by enabling its driver on MDDI_Data0, shown in a D.Then, client computer stops to attempt to send the service request pulse, and client computer is changed to high-impedance state with its driver, shown in an E.Main frame drives MDDI_Data0 and is logical zero level 50 microseconds, shown in a F, and begins to produce MDDI_Stb in the mode consistent with the logical zero level on the MDDI_Data0.After MDDI_Data0 being changed to zero level and driving MDDI_Stb 50 microseconds, main frame begins to begin to send data on the forward link by sending the subframe header packet, shown in a G.

Similar example has been described among Figure 39, wherein restart sequence and send service request after beginning, and incident has been come mark with alphabetical A, B, C, D, E, F and G once more at link.This has reproduced worst condition, and wherein the request pulse arrival from client computer approaches to destroy the subframe header packet most.When main frame is sent to link-down grouping client computer when notifying its link to become low power sleep state once more, process begins at an A place.In next step, main frame enters low power sleep state by forbidding the MDDI_Data0 driver and the MDDI_Stb driver being set at zero level, shown in a B.The front face is the same, and MDDI_Data0 is urged to zero level by the high impedance biasing networks.After a period of time, client computer is by restarting sequence with the MDDI_Data0 driving for logical one level 150 microseconds begin link shown in a C.Restart sequence at link and begin the back in the past before 50 microseconds, display also makes MDDI_Data0 effective in the duration of 70 microseconds, shown in a D.This situation be since display need and not recognize that main frame has begun link and restarted sequence to the host request service.Then, client computer stops to attempt to apply the service request pulse, and client computer is changed to high-impedance state with its driver, shown in an E.It is the logical one level that main frame continues MDDI_Data0 is driven.Main frame drives MDDI_Data0 and is logical zero level 50 microseconds, shown in a F, and begins to produce MDDI_Stb in the mode consistent with the logical zero level on the MDDI_Data0.After MDDI_Data0 being changed to zero level and excitation MDDI_Stb 50 microseconds, main frame begins to begin to send data on the forward link by sending the subframe header packet, shown in a G.

VI. interface electrical code

In exemplary embodiment of the present invention, oppositely the data of non-return-to-zero (NRZ) form are encoded with data strobe signal or DATA-STB form, and this allows clock information to be embedded in data and the gating signal.Clock can be complicated phase-locked loop circuit and be resumed.Data are transmitted on two-way differential link, generally realize with wire cable, yet as previously mentioned, also can use other lead, printing electric wire or transfer element.Gating signal (STB) is only transmitting on the one way link by host driven.Gating signal is in the state 0 that is right after or its value (0 or 1) of reversing in 1 o'clock, and this also is the same on data wire or signal.

How Figure 40 figures out with the DATA-STB coding and sends example such as the such data sequence of bit " 1110001011 ".In Figure 40, DATA signal 4002 illustrates on the top line of signal timing diagram, and STB signal 4004 illustrates on second line, and each is time unifying (public starting point) suitably.As time goes on, when DATA line 4002 (signal) was gone up the generation state variation, STB line 4004 (signal) kept the state of front, and therefore, first one state of DATA signal is relevant with the initial value of STB signal first " 0 " state.Yet, if or when the state of DATA signal, when level does not change, it is " 1 " in the precedent that the STB signal switches to relative state, the situation of another " 1 " value just is being provided as DATA among Figure 40.That is to say that every bit period always has one and have only a conversion between DATA and STB.Therefore, when the DATA signal remained on " 1 ", the STB signal changed " 0 " specifically once more into and keep this level or value when the DATA signal level is changed into " 0 ".When the DATA signal remained on " 1 ", the STB signal switched to inverse state, i.e. " 1 " in the precedent is when the DATA signal change or keep level or the rest may be inferred during value.

After receiving these signals, on DATA and STB signal, carry out XOR (XOR) operation with clocking 4006, this sequential chart bottom relatively in expected data and gating signal illustrates.Figure 41 illustrates a Circuits System example, is used for producing DATA and STB output or signal from the input data of main frame, recovers from the DATA of client computer and STB signal then or catches these data again.

In Figure 41, radiating portion 400 is used for producing and sends original DATA and STB signal on M signal passage 4102, and receiving unit 4120 is used for received signal and restore data.As shown in figure 41, for data are sent to client computer from main frame, the DATA signal is imported into two D flip- flop circuit elements 4104 and 4106 with the clock signal that is used for circuits for triggering.Then, two flip-flop circuit outputs (Q) split into differential pair signal MDDI_Data0+, MDDI_Data0-and MDDI_Stb+, MDDI_Stb-respectively with two differential line drivers 4108 and 4110 (voltage modes).Three input XNORs (XNOR) door, circuit or logic element 4112 are connected, and are used to receive the output of DATA and two triggers, and produce an output of the data input that second trigger is provided, and this produces MDDI_Stb+, MDDI_Stb-signal again.For easy, the XNOR door has anti-phase bubble, is used to indicate it to make the Q output of the trigger that produces gating anti-phase effectively.

In the receiving unit 4120 of Figure 41, MDDI_Data0+, MDDI_Data0-and MDDI_Stb+, MDDI_Stb-signal are received by each of two differential lines receivers 4122 and 4124 respectively, and receiver produces single output from differential signal.Then, the output of amplifier is transfused to each input of two input XORs (XOR) door, circuit or logic element, latter's clocking.Clock signal is used to trigger each of two D flip- flop circuit 4128 and 4130, and the latter passes through delay cell 4132 and receives the form of DATA signals through time-delay, and one (4128) produces data " 0 " value and another (4130) generation data " 1 " value.Clock also has the independence output from xor logic.Because clock information is distributed between DATA and the STB line, so the signal transformation between state is all slow than half of clock rate.Owing to handle with the XOR of DATA and STB signal and to have reproduced this clock, so system allows effectively directly to compare in situation about being sent out on the single dedicated data line with clock signal and imports the twice that departs between data and clock.

Maximum and in order to make with difference modes operation MDDI_Data+, MDDI_Data-, MDDI_Stb+ and MDDI_Stb-signal to the resistance of noise negative effect.The each several part of differential signal channel is half termination of originating with the characteristic impedance of the cable or wire that transmits signal.MDDI_Data+ and MDDI_Data-are the source terminations at main frame and client.Because locating these two drivers in preset time only has one to be movable, therefore always there is termination at the place, source of transmission link.MDDI_Stb+ and MDDI_Stb-signal are only by host driven.

Figure 42 illustrates a kind of configuration of exemplary elements, is used to realize the termination of driver, receiver and transmission signals, as the part of creative MDD interface.And Table VII illustrates the corresponding DC electrical code of MDDI_Data and MDDI_Stb.This example interface is used the low-voltage sensing, is 200 millivolts here, has the power excursion and the low power consumption that are lower than 1 volt.

Table VII

Parameter	Describe	Minimum	Generally	Maximum	Unit
						R term	Series termination	41.3	42.2	43.0	Ohm
R hibernate	Resting state biasing termination	8	10	12	K ohm
						V hibernate	The resting state open circuit voltage	1.5		3.3	V
V Output-Range	The driver output voltage scope that is allowed of relative GND	0		2.8	V
						V OD+	Driver difference output HIGH voltage	0.8			V
V OD-	Driver difference output LOW voltage			-0.8	V
						V IT+	Receiver difference output HIGH voltage			100	mV
V IT-	Receiver difference output low threshold voltage	-100			mV
						V Input-Range	The receiver output voltage range that is allowed of relative GND	0		2.8	V
I in	Input leakage current (not comprising the dormancy biasing)	-25		25	μA

Table VIII illustrates the electric parameter and the characteristic of differential line driver and line receiver.On the function, driver directly is sent to positive output with the logic level on the input, and input anti-phase is sent to negative output.Time-delay from the input to the output is complementary with the driven differential lines in difference ground well.In great majority were realized, in order to make power consumption and electromagnetic radiation minimum, the voltage drift of output was littler than the drift of input.Table VII provides the minimum voltage drift that is about 0.8 volt.Yet can use other value, this is known to those skilled in the art, and the inventor has conceived smaller value on 0.5 or 0.6 order of magnitude in certain embodiments according to design limit.

The differential lines receiver has the characteristic identical with high speed voltage comparator.Among Figure 41, not having anti-phase input is positive input, is negative input and anti-phase input is arranged.If: (V _Input+)-(V _Input-) greater than zero, then be output as logical one.Another illustrates that the mode of this point is to have the very differential lines amplifier of big (unlimited in fact) gain, and its output is limited at logical zero and 1 voltage level place.

Should make different between time-delay depart from minimum, thereby with the highest potential speed operation differential transfer system.

In Figure 42, it is that display controller 4204 transmits grouping on communication link 4206 that console controller 4202 and client computer are shown.Console controller has used a series of three drivers 4210,4212 and 4214 to receive the main frame DATA and the STB signal that will be transmitted, and receives client data (Data) signal that will be transmitted.Being responsible for driver that main frame DATA passes through uses enable signal only to import just to allow to activate this communication link when transmission that need be from the main frame to the client computer.Owing to the part of STB signal as transfer of data forms, therefore be not that this driver (4212) uses any additional enable signal.The output of each DATA and STB driver is that resistor 4216a, 4216b, 4216c and 4216d link to each other with terminal impedance respectively.

Terminating resistor 4216a and 4216b are also as the sending-end impedance that is used for the client receiver 4220 of STB signal processing, and additional terminating resistor 4216e and 4216f connect with resistor 4216c and 4216d on the input of client data processing receiver 4222 respectively.The 6th driver 4226 in the client computer controller is used to prepare to be transferred into from client computer the data-signal of main frame, and wherein the driver 4214 of input is handled by terminating resistor 4216c and 4216d and will be transferred into the data that main frame is handled.

Two booster resistor 4218a and 4218b are placed on respectively between terminating resistor and ground and the voltage source 4220, locate the part of described dormancy control as other.Voltage source is used for that transmission line is driven into aforesaid high or low level and comes flowing of management data.

Above-mentioned driver and impedance can be used as discrete component or form as application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (ASIC), and the latter serves as more effective encoder of usefulness cost or decoder solution.

Can easily see, on couple of conductor, power is transferred to client apparatus from host apparatus with the signal that is designated as MDDI_Pwr and MDDI_Gnd, or display.The MDDI_Gnd of signal partly serves as power supply backward channel or the signal with reference to ground and display equipment.The MDDI_Pwr signal serves as the display equipment power supply that is driven by host apparatus.In exemplary configuration, for low power applications, allow display equipment to extract 500 milliamperes.The MDDI_Pwr signal can from for example but the type lithium ion battery or the such portable power source of battery pack that are not limited to reside in the host apparatus be provided, and can in 3.2 to 4.3 volts of scopes, change about MDDI_Gnd.

VII. characteristic regularly

A. summarize

Illustrated among Figure 43 by client computer for protect from the service of main frame and by main frame for employed step of this service and signal level are provided.Among Figure 43, described first signal illustrates the link-down grouping that spreads out of from main frame, and data wire is urged to the logic zero state with high impedance bias circuit then.Client computer display or main frame are not launched any data, and its driver is forbidden.Because MDDI_Stb is movable, therefore can see a series of strobe pulses of MDDI_Stb holding wire in the bottom during the link-down grouping.In case this grouping finishes and logic level vanishing when main frame is zero with biasing circuit and logical drive, also vanishing level of MDDI_Stb holding wire then.This expression is from the last signal transmission of main frame or the termination of service, and may take place any time in the past, comprises it so that previous the stopping of service to be shown, and the signal condition before the service beginning.If desired, can only, communication link send sort signal for being reset to appropriate state, and the previous communication that does not need " knowing " to take by this main frame.

As shown in figure 43, the signal output from client computer is set as zero logic level at first.In other words, client computer output is in high impedance, and driver is disabled.When the request service, client computer starts its driver and service request is sent to main frame, and this is a period of time, is indicated as being t _Service, line is driven to the logical one level during this period.Then, a period of time goes over, and perhaps may need before main frame detects request, is called t _Host-detect, main frame is by responding for the logical one level signal driving with the link homing sequence after this.Here, main frame is cancelled this request and forbidding service request driver, feasible output line vanishing logic level once more from client computer.During this period of time, the MDDI_Stb signal is in the logical zero level.

Main frame is in time period t _Restart-highIn host data output driven be level"1", logic level is driven is zero and in time period t to main frame afterwards _Restart-lowThe interior MDDI_Stb that activates, the first forward direction traffic begins with the frame header packet afterwards, and the forward direction traffic packets is transmitted then.The MDDI_Stb signal is in time period t _Restart-lowBe in activity during the frame header packet subsequently.

Table VIII illustrates the representative time of above-mentioned various time period length, and with the relation of exemplary minimum and maximum data rate, wherein:

$t_{\mathrm{bit}}=\frac{1}{\mathrm{Link}\_\mathrm{Data}\_\mathrm{Rate}}$

Table VIII

Parameter	Describe	Minimum	Generally	Maximum	Unit
						t service	The duration that shows the service request pulse	60	70	80	Microsecond
t restart-high	Host link restarts the duration of high impulse	140	150	160	Microsecond
						t restart-low	Host link is restarted the duration of low pulse	40	50	60	Microsecond
t disDlay-detect	Display detects the time that link is restarted sequence	1		50	Microsecond
						t host-detect	Main frame detects the time of service request pulse	1		50	Microsecond
1/t bit-min-perf	The link data speed of minimum performance device	0.001		1	Mbps
						1/t bit-max-perf	The maximum link data speed range of device	0.001		450	Mbps
	Anti-phase link data speed	0.0005		50	Mbps
						t bit	The cycle of a forward link data bit	2.2		10 6	Nanosecond

Those skilled in the art can easily understand, and the function of Figure 41 and 42 described individual components is well-known, and the function of element is determined by the timing diagram among Figure 43 among Figure 42.From Figure 41, omit series connection termination and dormancy resistor details shown in Figure 42, this be because describe how to carry out data-gating (Data-Strobe) coding and therefrom recovered clock do not need this information.

B. data-gating (Data-Srobe) sequential forward link

Table I X illustrates from host driver and exports the switching characteristic of transfer of data on the forward link.Table I X provides the expectation that certain signal transition takes place minimum and maximum time form with respect to the general time.The transformation t that takes place when for example, data value begins to end _{Tdd-(host-output)}, promptly Data0 is t to the used general time span of Data0 conversion _Tbit, and minimum time is about t _Tbit-0.5 nanosecond, maximum is about t _Tbit+ 0.5 nanosecond.The upward relative spacing between the transformation of Data0, other data wire (DataX) and select lines (Stb) has been described among Figure 44, Data0 shown in it to Strobe, Strobe to Strobe, Strobe to Data0, Data0 to non-Data0, non-Data0 to non-Data0, non-Data0 to Strobe and Strobe to non-Data0 transformation, be called as t respectively _{Tds-(host-output)}, t _{Tss-(host-output)}, t _{Tsd-(host-output)}, t _{Tddx-(host-output)}, t _{Tdxdx-(host-output)}, t _{Tdxs-(host-output)}And t _{Tsdx-(host-output)}

Table I X

Parameter	Describe	Minimum	Generally	Maximum	Unit
						t tdd-(host-output)	Data0 is to the Data0 conversion	t tbit-0.5	t tbit	t tbit+0.5	Nanosecond
t tds-(host-output)	Data0 is to the Strobe conversion	t tbit-0.8	t tbit	t tbit+0.8	Nanosecond

t tss-(host-output)	Strobe is to the Strobe conversion	t tbit-0.5	t tbit	t tbit+0.5	Nanosecond
						t tsd-(host-output)	Strobe is to the Data0 conversion	t tbit-0.8	t tbit	t tbit+0.8	Nanosecond
t tddx-(host-output)	Data0 is to non-Data0 conversion	t tbit-0.？	t tbit	t tbit+0.？	Nanosecond
						t tdxdx-(host-output)	Non-Data0 is to non-Data0 conversion		t tbit		Nanosecond
t tdxs-(host-output)	Non-Data0 is to the Strobe conversion	ttbit-0.？	t tbit	t tbit+0.？	Nanosecond
						t tsdx-(host-outDut)	Strobe is to non-Data0 conversion	t tbit-0.？	t tbit	t tbit+0.？	Nanosecond

Transmit the regularly requirement of general MDDI of client computer receiver input of the same signal of data shown in the Table X on the forward link.Because discussion is yet that identical signal is a time delays, therefore do not need the new figure clear signal characteristic or the meaning of respective markers, this is that those skilled in the art are to understand.

Table X

Parameter	Describe	Minimum	Generally	Maximum	Unit
						t tdd-(display-input)	Data0 is to the Data0 conversion	t tbit-1.0	t tbit	t tbit+1.0	Nanosecond
t tds-(display-input)	Data0 is to the Srobe conversion	t tbit-1.5	t tbit	t tbit+1.5	Nanosecond
						t tss-(display-inDut)	Srobe is to the Srobe conversion	t tbit-1.0	t tbit	t tbit+1.0	Nanosecond
t tsd-(display-input)	Srobe is to the Data0 conversion	t tbit-1.5	t tbit	t tbit+1.5	Nanosecond
						t tddx-(host-output)	Data0 is to non-Data0 conversion	t tbit-0.？	t tbit	t tbit+0.？	Nanosecond
t tdxdx-(host-output)	Non-Data0 is to non-Data0 conversion		t tbit		Nanosecond
						t tdxs-(host-output)	Non-Data0 is to the Srobe conversion	t tbit-0.？	t tbit	t tbit+0.？	Nanosecond
t tsdx-(host-output)	Srobe is to non-Data0 conversion	t tbit-0.？	t tbit	t tbit+0.？	Nanosecond

Figure 45 and 46 illustrates the existence of time-delay respectively, and time-delay can take place when main frame is forbidden or enabled host driver.Transmit at main frame under the situation of some grouping, for example reverse link encapsulating packets or round trip delay time are measured grouping, main frame is the disabled line driver after the expectation grouping is transmitted, and the expectation grouping has the described parameters C RC that has been transmitted of Figure 45, gating alignment and full zero packets.Yet as shown in figure 45, line states is unnecessary from " 0 " the instantaneous high value that switches to expectation, however this available potentially existing certain control or circuit element realize, but need a period of time, be called host driver forbidding delay time section, respond.Although it almost takes place immediately so that should time period length be 0 nanosecond (nsec), yet it can easily expand to the long period section of some 10 nanosecond, it is the maximum time segment length of expectation, occurs in guard time 1 or turns to during 1 grouping time period.

Referring to Figure 46, when measuring the such grouping of grouping and when enabling host driver, can see that signal level changes in order to transmit such as reverse link encapsulating packets or round trip delay time.Here; 2 of guard times or after turning to 2 grouping time periods; host driver is activated; and begin to drive a level; here be " 0 "; during host driver enables the delay time section near and reach this value, it occurs in first grouping and is sent out preceding driver and enables in the time period.

Similar process takes place in driver and signal transmission for client computer (being display here).The general standard of these time period length shown in the following table XI, and their corresponding relations.

Table X I

Describe	Minimum	Maximum	Unit
				The time-delay of host driver forbidding	0	10	Nanosecond
Host driver enables time-delay	0	2.0	Nanosecond
				The time-delay of display driver forbidding	0	10	Nanosecond
Display driver enables time-delay	0	2.0	Nanosecond

C. data-gating reverse link regularly

Figure 47 and 48 illustrates and is used for from switching characteristic and the timing relationship of client drive output in the data and the gating signal of reverse link transmitting data.The typical time of certain signal transition is discussed below.Figure 47 has illustrated that data that the host receiver input end just is being transmitted regularly and the relation between the strobe pulse rising and falling edges.That is, being called the gating signal rising is the t of the settling time in forward position _Sd-srAnd the gating signal trailing edge is t settling time on edge, back _Su-sfThese settling time section typical time span on the order of magnitude of 8 nanoseconds.

Figure 48 has illustrated switching characteristic and the corresponding client computer output time-delay that is regularly formed by reverse data.In Figure 48, can see the relation between data timing that just is being transmitted and the strobe pulse rising and falling edges that causes time-delay.That is, the rising of so-called gating signal is the propagation delay t between forward position and the data _Pd-sr, and the propagation delay t between data and the promptly back edge of gating signal trailing edge _Pd-sfThe typical time span of these propagation delay time periods is on the order of magnitude of 8 nanoseconds.

VIII. the realization of controlling links (link controller operation)

A. state machine packet handler

The grouping of transmitting on the MDDI link is scheduled very fast, usually speed on the 300Mbps or the higher order of magnitude, yet can certainly use lower speed as required.Such bus or transmission link speed are for current commercial available (economic) general purpose microprocessor or other analog of being used to control and Yan Taida.Therefore, realize that the actual realization of sort signal transmission is to decompose the input stream of packets with programmable state machine, thereby produce the grouping of the suitable audio frequency-visual subsystem that is transmitted or is redirected to their expectations.

General purpose controller, processor or treatment element can suitably be used for be used for or handle such as control or the such information of status packet, they are lower to the requirement of speed.When receiving those groupings (control, state or other predefined grouping), state machine should be delivered to general processor by data buffer or similar treatment element with them, feasiblely can act on grouping and result's (effect) of expectation is provided, and audio frequency and visual grouping are worked for this is transferred to their appropriate purpose ground.

Render a service or excessive cycle by the processing that utilizes microprocessor (CPU) in the computer application or the ASIC in processor, digital signal processor (DSP) or the wireless device to use, can realize general processor operation in certain embodiments, it is extremely identical that the mode of carrying out some operation and minimizing hardware complexity and expense is renderd a service in this processing with CPU during some modulator-demodulator or graphic process unit use a computer.Yet this can negatively influence total operation of processing speed, sequential or this element.Therefore in many application, be preferably this common treatment and select special circuit or element.

In order on display (micro-display), to watch view data, perhaps receive all groupings that send by main frame reliably, monitor signal is handled must be regularly synchronous with forward link channel.That is to say that the signal that arrives display and display circuit must be synchronous in time, handle thereby appropriate signals takes place.Provide the high level state figure that can realize that this synchronous signal processing step or method realized in the explanation of Figure 49.Among Figure 49, shown in state machine 4900 possible forward link synchronously " state " be classified into an async framing (Async Frames) state 4904, two catch synchronously (Acquiring Sync) state 4902 and 4906 and three synchronously in (In-Sync) state 4908,4910 and 4912.

As begin shown in step or the state 4902, display begins, and search for unique word in first detected subframe header packet with previously selected " not having synchronously " state.It should be noted that this no synchronous regime represents wherein to select the minimal communications setting of type i interface or " retreating " to be provided with.When finding unique word in search, display keeps the subframe lengths field.The CRC bit that not verification is used to handle on this first frame is perhaps till obtaining synchronously.If this subframe lengths is zero, synchronous regime is handled and is proceeded to here the state 4904 that is designated as " async framing " state according to this method so, and expression does not reach synchronous as yet.In Figure 49, this step in the processing is denoted as and runs into cond 3, and promptly condition 3.Otherwise, if frame length greater than zero, then synchronous regime is handled and is proceeded to state 4906, Interface status is set as " having found a synchronization frame " there.In Figure 49, this step in the processing is denoted as and runs into cond 5, and promptly condition 5.In addition, if for seeing that greater than 0 frame length state machine frame header packet and good CRC determine, then handle " having found a synchronization frame " state that proceeds to.In Figure 49, this step in the processing is denoted as and runs into cond 6, and promptly condition 6.

Be in system under every kind of situation outside " do not have synchronously " state, when detecting unique word and having determined that for the subframe header packet good CRC as a result, and subframe lengths is greater than zero, and Interface status becomes " in synchronous " state 4908 so.In Figure 49, this step in the processing is denoted as and runs into cond 1, and promptly condition 1.On the other hand, if do not correct among the CRC of unique word or subframe header packet any one, then synchronous regime is handled the Interface status 4902 that carries out or turn back to " no synchronization frame " state.In the state diagram of Figure 49, this section processes is denoted as and runs into cond 2, and promptly condition 2.

B. synchronization gain time

Interface can be configured in " mistake synchronously " of determining to have lost synchronously and hold before turning back to " no synchronization frame " state a certain quantification.In Figure 49, in case state machine reaches " state synchronously " and do not find mistake, then it runs into condition 1 result just continuously, and keeps " synchronously " state.Yet,, handle making state become " a synchronous mistake " state 4910 in case detect condition 2 results.Like this, cause detecting another condition 1 result if handle, then state machine returns " synchronously " state, otherwise it runs into another condition 2 results, and moves to " two synchronous mistakes " state 4912.Equally, if occurrence condition 1 handles just making state machine return " synchronously " state.Obviously, meet " link-down grouping " and can cause link to stop transfer of data and return " no synchronization frame " state, this is can synchronous with it content because do not have, and this is called as the cond 4 in the state diagram of meeting Figure 49, or condition 4.

Be appreciated that " the false copy " that may repeat unique word, this appears at some place, fixed position in the subframe.In this case, the very impossible and synchronizing sub-frame of state machine, this is that the CRC on the subframe header packet must be effective because proceed to " synchronously " state for the MDD interface is handled.

Subframe lengths in the subframe header packet may be set as zero, will only send a subframe with the indication main frame before link is closed, and the MDD interface is placed in or is configured to the idle sleep state.In this case, display must receive the grouping on the forward link immediately after detecting the subframe header packet, and this is because only there was single subframe to be issued before link changes idle condition into.In routine or typical operation, the subframe lengths non-zero is when interface is only handled forward link packets when those are collectively referred to as " IN_SYNC " state among Figure 49.

The required time is the variable that depends on subframe size and forward link data rate synchronously for display and forward link signal.When subframe size is big, " the false copy " of unique word detected at random or more the likelihood of random data is also bigger for part in the forward link.Meanwhile, when forward link data rate was slow, it was lower to detect the ability of recovering from vacation, and it is longer to finish its required time.

C. initialization

As previously mentioned, when " startup ", the host configuration forward link is operated under the minimum required or desired data rate of 1Mbps, and configuration is applicable to the subframe lengths and the media frame speed of given application.That is to say that forward direction and reverse link all use the type i interface to begin.When main frame is a client computer display (or other device) when determining performance or desired configuration, these parameters are generally only used temporarily.In order to ask display display performance packet acknowledgment, main frame sends on the forward link or transmits the subframe header packet, follows reverse link encapsulating packets, the position of this grouping request flag " 0 " value of being set as (1) thereafter.In case display obtains on (usefulness) forward link synchronously, it just sends the display performance grouping and shows request and status packet on reverse link or channel.

In order to determine how to reconfigure the best or other link of expected performance level, main frame is checked the content of display performance grouping.Main frame inspection protocol version and minimal protocol version field confirm that main frame and display use compatible protocols version each other.Protocol version keeps preceding two parameters of display performance grouping, therefore, even when other element of agreement may be incompatible or can not be considered to compatibility fully, also can determine compatibility.

D.CRC handles

For all packet types, the packet handler state machine guarantees that the CRC verifier is suitably controlled.It also increases the crc error counter when CRC relatively causes detected one or more error.And its replacement crc counter when each processed subframe begins.

IX. packet transaction

For each class grouping that above-mentioned state machine receives, it takes a particular procedure step or series of steps to realize the operation of interface.Forward link packets is generally processed according to the listed exemplary process of following table XII.

Table X II

Packet type	The packet handler state machine is replied
		Subframe header packet (SH)	Confirm good grouping, catch the subframe lengths field, and packet parameters is sent to general processor.
Filler (F)	Ignore data.
		Video flowing (VS)	Explain video data format descriptor symbol and other parameter, the pixel data that will pack is taken apart when needed, then explains pixel by chromatic graph if desired, and pixel data is write appropriate location in the bitmap.
Audio stream (AS)	The audio sample rate setting is sent to the audio sample clock generator, separates the audio sample of specific size, take the audio sample number when needed apart

	According to, and audio sample routed to suitable audio sample FIFO.
		Chromatic graph (CM)	Read chromatic graph size and offset parameter, and the chromatic graph data are write chromatic graph memory or memory cell.
Reverse link encapsulating packets (REL)	On oppositely, send grouping between being convenient in due course.Check the reverse link sign, send the display performance grouping as required.Also suitably send and show request and status packet.
		Display performance (DC)	When main frame sends such grouping during with the reverse link attribute field request of reverse link encapsulating packets.
Keyboard (K)	These groupings are imported into spread out of the general processor of communicating by letter, if exist then expectation is used with the keyboard type device.
		Indicating device (PD)	These groupings are imported into spread out of and the general processor of indicating types of devices to communicate by letter, if exist then expectation is used.
Link-down (LS)	The record physical link is closed and notifies general processor.
		Show service request and state (DSRS)	This grouping is sent as first grouping in the reverse link encapsulating packets.
Bit block transmission (BPT)	Explain packet parameters, such as the video data format descriptor symbol, determine at first to move which pixel, and mobile pixel in bitmap as required.
		Bitmap region is filled (BAF)	Explain packet parameters, then explain pixel if desired, and pixel data is write appropriate location in the bitmap by chromatic graph.
Bitmap pattern is filled (BPF)	Explain packet parameters, then take the pixel data of having packed if desired apart, then explain pixel if desired, and pixel data is write appropriate location in the bitmap by chromatic graph.
		Communication link channel (CLC)	Receive and send to general processor these data are blind.
Demonstration service request (DSR) between rest period	General processor control sends the low level function of request and detects contention when link is spontaneous restarts.
		Interface type handoff request (IDHR) and interface type are confirmed (ITA)	These groupings may be imported or spread out of into general processor.Receive such grouping and represent that with affirmation the logic of replying is almost minimum.Therefore, this operation also can realize in the packet handler state machine.The switching that produces takes place as the action of low level physical layer, and can not influence the function or the effect of general processor.

Carry out type and switch (PTH)

May or directly or by these groupings are sent to general processor act on them, order hardware experience patterns of change equally.

X. reduce reverse link data rate

The inventor observes, for (convergent-divergent) reverse link data rate maximum or that more optimize of realizing expecting very much, can regulate in some way or some parameter that the configure host link controller is used.For example, in the time of the reverse link grouping field that is used to transmit the reverse link encapsulating packets, the MDDI_Stb signal is to conversion repeatedly, to create half periodic data clock of forward link data rate.This be because the host link controller produces the MDDI_Stb signal corresponding to MDDI_Data0, just look like that it sends complete zero the same.The MDDI_Stb signal is sent to display from main frame, and wherein it is used for producing the clock signal that is used for from display transmission reverse link data, and reverse link data is sent out back main frame with it.The typical amount of delay that signal transmits and processing is met on forward direction and the backward channel in the system of the MDDI of use shown in Figure 50.At Figure 50, shown in a series of 1.5 nanoseconds of delay value, 8.0 nanoseconds, 2.5 nanoseconds, 2.0 nanoseconds, 1.0 nanoseconds, 1.5 nanoseconds, 8.0 nanoseconds and 2.5 nanoseconds respectively near Stb+/-produce, cable transmission to display, display receiver, clock generating, signal Synchronization, Data0+/-produce, cable transmission is to the processing section of main frame and host receiver level.

According to the time-delay of the forward link data rate that is run into and signal processing, finish " to come and go " effect or one group of incident may cause undesirable time of consumption or periodic quantity than the time of MDDI_Stb signal demand more than one-period.In order to prevent this problem, the reverse rate divisor makes the bit time on the reverse link can cross over a plurality of cycles of MDDI_Stb signal.This means that reverse link data rate is lower than forward link rate.

Should be noted that the actual signal time-delay length by interface may change according to employed each particular host-client machine system or hardware.Each system generally comes the actual time delay in the measuring system to show better by measure grouping with round trip delay time, so the reverse rate divisor can be set as optimum value.

Round trip delay time is measured by making main frame that round trip delay time measurement grouping is sent to display.Display by in the measurement window of in this grouping, selecting in advance or during in one 1 sequence is sent it back main frame and to this packet acknowledgment, this measurement window is called Measuring Time section field.The detailed sequential of this measurement is in preceding explanation.Round trip delay time is used for determining to sample safely the residing speed of reverse link data.

That the round trip delay time measurement comprises is definite, detect or the number of counting forward link data clock interval, and described clock interval occurs in the beginning of Measuring Time section field and between the main frame place receives 0 x ff, 0 x ff, 0 x, 00 response sequence from display time period begins.Noticing may be before the sub-fraction forward link clock cycle before measurement count will increase from replying of display and be received.If the value of this unmodified is used to calculate the reverse rate divisor, then it can cause on the reverse link by the corrupt data caused bit error of sampling.An example of this situation has been described among Figure 51, signals such as the MDDI_Data at expression main frame place, the MDDI_Stb at main frame place, the forward link data clock in the main frame and the counting of delaying time wherein have been described with graphic form.In Figure 51, response sequence will be before the 6 sub-fraction forward link clock cycle that increased to before 7 and be received at time-delay counting.If supposition time-delay is 6, then main frame will be always after bit transition or may in the middle of bit transition, sample to reverse data.This can cause the mistake sampling at main frame place.For this reason, the time-delay through measuring should be increased one before calculating the reverse rate divisor with it.

The reverse rate divisor is the MDDI_Stb periodicity that main frame should be waited for before to the reverse link data sampling.Because MDDI_Stb is with half rate loop of forward direction link rate, therefore the round trip delay time through correcting is measured needs to be rounded up then to next integer by divided by 2.This relation is formulated as follows:

$\mathrm{reverse}\_\mathrm{rate}\_\mathrm{div}\mathrm{isor}=\mathrm{RoundUpToNextInteger}\left(\frac{\mathrm{round}\_\mathrm{trip}\_\mathrm{delay}+1}{2}\right)$

For given example, this becomes:

$\mathrm{reverse}\_\mathrm{rate}\_\mathrm{div}\mathrm{isor}=\mathrm{RoundUpToNextInteger}\left(\frac{6+1}{2}\right)$

If used round trip delay time is measured and be not 6 but 7 in should example, then the reverse rate divisor also can equal 4.

Reverse link data is by the rising edge sampling of main frame at the reverse link clock.This is counter or similar known circuit or the device that is used to produce the reverse link clock in main frame and the client computer (display).Counter is initialised, and makes first rising edge of reverse link clock occur in that first bit begins the place in the reverse link grouping field of reverse link encapsulating packets.This illustrates for example given below in Figure 52.The counter-increments at each rising edge place of MDDI_Stb signal, and the count number that takes place before their wraparounds is provided with by the reverse rate divisor parameter in the reverse link encapsulating packets.Because the MDDI_Stb signal is in half place conversion of forward link rate, so reverse link rate is the forward link rate that removed by the reverse rate divisor half.For example, if forward link rate is that 200Mbps and reverse rate divisor are 4, then reverse link data rate is expressed as:

$\frac{1}{2}\&CenterDot;\frac{200\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="Mbps"\; filenames="C01822583E00831.png,C01822583E00872.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Mbps</figure-callout>}}{4}=25\mathrm{Mbps}$

The timing example of MDDI_Data0 and MDDI_Stb holding wire in the encapsulating packets of reverse link shown in Figure 52 illustrates that wherein used packet parameters has following train value:

(0 x 0400) turns to 1 length=1 in block length=1024

(0 x 41) turns to 2 length=1 in packet type=65

Reverse link sign=0 reverse rate divisor=2

Parameters C RC=0 x db43 complete zero is 0 x 00

Gating is aligned to 0 x, 00,0 x, 00,0 x 60

The grouped data of block length and parameters C RC interfield is:

0?x?00，0?x?04，0?x?41，0?x?00，0?x?02，0?x?01，0?x?01，0?x?43，0?x?db，0?x?00，0?x?00，0?x?60，0?x?00...

First reverse link that returns from display is grouped into display request and status packet, and its block length is 7, and packet type is 70.This grouping begins with byte value 0 x 07,0 x 00,0 x 46..., and the rest may be inferred.Yet, only can see first byte (0 x 07) among Figure 52.For actual reverse link time-delay is described, this first reverse link divides into groups to be shifted reverse link clock cycle nearly on the time in the drawings.The dotted line trace illustrates has the ideal waveform of zero main frame to the display round trip delay time.

The gating aligned bytes is transmitted after the MS byte of parameters C RC field, is the all-zero word section then.Switch to zero from the gating of main frame from 1, when the data from main frame change formation than the level of broad pulse, be back to 1 then.When the data vanishing, gating switches with higher rate, only has the variation in the data on the data wire can cause the variation at place, alignment field end.Gating for by the data-signal of expansion time section fix that remainder switches with higher rate among the figure that 0 or 1 level causes, change and drop on the pulse pattern (edge).

Hold reverse link when grouping when clock starts, the reverse link clock of main frame was zero before turning to for 1 time period.When the arrow of figure bottom represents sampled data, and this will become apparent from following announcement.Shown in first byte (being 11000000 here) of the grouping field that just is being transmitted after turning to 1, begin, the line level is stable from the disabled back of main frame driver.Time-delay in the first bit path, and the time-delay in the position 3 can be seen in the dotted lines of data (Data) signal.

In Figure 53, can observe representative value based on the reverse rate divisor of forward link data rate.Actual reverse rate divisor is determined as the result who comes and goes the link measurement, to guarantee suitable reverse link operations.First area 5302 is corresponding to the safety operation zone, and second area 5304 is corresponding to the zone of local edge, and the setting that 5306 expressions of the 3rd zone can not proper handling.

When or at forward direction or on reverse link during with arbitrary interface type setting operation, round trip delay time is measured and is provided with identical with the reverse rate divisor, this is because they are represented with the unit of actual clock cycle and operate, but not with being launched or being received the arrival bit number.

XI. turn to and guard time

As previously mentioned, turn to 1 field and round trip delay time to measure guard time 1 in the grouping to have specified and allow host interface driver disabled length value before enabling the display interface device driver in the reverse link encapsulating packets.Turn to 2 and guard time 2 fields provide and allowed display driver disabled time value before enabling host driver.Guard time 1 and guard time 2 fields generally with the pre-of length if in advance the value of Xuan Zeing fill, it can not be conditioned.According to employed interface hardware, these values can draw and be conditioned in some cases in order to improve operation with empirical data research.

Some factors are determined to work to turning to 1 length, and these are the maximum forbidding time of MDDI_Data driver in forward link data rate and the main frame.The maximum host driver forbidding time stipulates that in Table X I it illustrates, and driver need be forbidden about 10 maximum times nanosecond and about 2 nanoseconds enable.Host driver wants the minimum number of disabled forward link clock to represent according to following relationship:

$\mathrm{Clocks}\_\mathrm{to}\_{\mathrm{disable}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="TA"\; filenames="C01822583E00871.png,C01822583E00872.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">TA</figure-callout>}1}=\frac{\mathrm{ForwardLinkDataRate}}{\mathrm{InterfaceType}{\mathrm{Factor}}_{\mathrm{FWD}}}\&CenterDot;\mathrm{HostDriverDisable}{\mathrm{Delay}}_{\max }$

Turn to the 1 value scope that allows to represent according to following relationship:

$\mathrm{Turn}\_\mathrm{Around}\_1\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{RoundUpToNextInteger}(\frac{\mathrm{Clocks}\_\mathrm{to}\_{\mathrm{disable}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="TA"\; filenames="C01822583E00871.png,C01822583E00872.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">TA</figure-callout>}1}}{8}\&CenterDot;\mathrm{InterfaceType}{\mathrm{Factor}}_{\mathrm{FWD}})$

Wherein the interface type factor (Interface Type Factor) is 1 for type i, is 2 for Type II, is 4 for type-iii, is 8 for type i V.

Unite top two formula, can see, interface type factor item is turned to 1 to be defined as by cancellation:

$\mathrm{Turn}\_\mathrm{Around}\_1=\mathrm{RoundUpToNextInteger}(\frac{\mathrm{ForwardLinkDataRate}\&CenterDot;\mathrm{HostDriverDisable}{\mathrm{Delay}}_{\max }}{8})$

For example, the type-iii forward link of 1500Mbps can use following 1 time-delay that turns to:

Along with the increase of round trip delay time, be improved from the disabled sequential edge when display is activated of main frame.

Turn to 2 to be used for generally determining that the factor of time span is the maximum forbidding time of MDDI_Data driver in forward link data rate, the display and the round trip delay time of communication link.The calculating of forbidding display driver required time is general identical with the top time of discussing for host driver, and defines according to following relationship:

$\mathrm{Clocks}\_\mathrm{to}\_{\mathrm{disable}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="TA"\; filenames="C01822583E00881.png,C01822583E00901.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">TA</figure-callout>}2}=\frac{\mathrm{ForwardLinkDataRate}}{\mathrm{InterfaceType}{\mathrm{Factor}}_{\mathrm{FWD}}}\&CenterDot;\mathrm{DisplayDriverDisable}{\mathrm{Delay}}_{\max }$

And turn to the 2 value scopes that allow to be expressed as:

$\mathrm{Turn}\_\mathrm{Around}\_2\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{RoundUpToNextInteger}(\frac{\mathrm{Clocks}\_\mathrm{to}\_{\mathrm{disable}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="TA"\; filenames="C01822583E00881.png,C01822583E00901.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">TA</figure-callout>}2}+\mathrm{round}\_\mathrm{trip}\_\mathrm{delay}+1}{\left(\frac{8}{\mathrm{InterfaceType}{\mathrm{Factor}}_{\mathrm{FWD}}}\right)})$

For example, general 2 time-delays that turn to of using the following order of magnitude of 1500Mbps type-iii forward link that have 10 forward link clocks:

$\mathrm{Turn}\_\mathrm{Around}\_2\&GreaterEqual;\mathrm{RoundUpToNextInteger}(\frac{3.75+10+1}{\left(\frac{8}{4}\right)})=8$

XII. physical layer interconnection is described

The used physical connection that realizes interface according to the present invention can realize with the available part of commerce, for example by the Part No. 3260-8S2 (01) of Hirose Electric Co., Ltd, and by the Part No. 3240-8P-C of HiroseElectric Co., Ltd in the manufacturing of display equipment end in the host side manufacturing.The exemplary types I service wire that Table X III lists with this connector of type i interface distributes i.e. " pinout ".

Table X III

Signal name	The lead-in wire number	Signal name	The lead-in wire number
				MDDI_Gnd
	1	MDDI_Pwr	2
				MDDI_Stb+	3	MDDI_Stb-	4
MDDI_DAT0+	5	MDDI_DAT0-	6
				MDDI_DAT1+	7	MDDI_DAT1-	8
		Shielding

For enough little and selected or indicate interconnection element or device, cannot not compare outstandingly with the relevant apparatus size or ugly with using such as the such mobile communication of PDA and radio telephone or portable game device and calculation element.Any connector and circuit should be able to continue to be used for typical user environment and allow especially small size and relative low expense for cable.Transfer element should be supplied with data and the gating signal as difference NRZ data, and they have transmission rate up to about 450Mbps for type i and Type II, has transmission rate up to 3.6Gbps for 8 bit parallel type i V versions.

XIII. operation

The general step general introduction that deal with data and grouping are adopted during the interface operation of the embodiment of the invention of use shown in Figure 54 a and the 54b, and the summary of handling the interface arrangement that divides into groups among Figure 55.In these figure, processing begins at step 5402 place, determines whether client computer is connected with communication port with main frame, and communication port is a cable here.This can be by detecting connector or cable or signal by main frame periodic poll, at main frame input (for example USB interface seen at) the software of existence or hardware, and other known technology take place.If there is not client computer to link to each other with main frame, then its can be according to application enter simply certain predetermined length wait state, enter park mode or be prevented from waiting in the future and use that the latter requires the user to take action active host again.For example, when main frame resides on the computer type device, the user may must click screen-icon or requesting activation host process go to seek the program of client computer.Equally, the simple insertion that the USB type connects, such as the type u interface is used, can handle by active host.

In case client computer links to each other with main frame, vice versa, or be detected as existence, then or main frame or client computer in step 5404 and 5406, send suitable grouping request service.Client computer meeting or send and show service request or send status packet in step 5404.Notice that as mentioned above, park mode may before closed or be in to link, so this may not the complete initialization of the communication link of permission.In case communication link obtains synchronously and main frame is attempted and client communication, then client computer also needs the display performance grouping is offered main frame, as shown in step 5408.Main frame can begin the support type that definite client's function provides now, comprises transmission rate.

Generally speaking, main frame and the client computer service mode type (speed/speed) that also negotiation will be used in step 5410, for example type i, type U, Type II or the like.In case set up COS, main frame just begins transmission information.In addition, main frame can be measured the timing that grouping optimizes abreast with other signal processing communication link with round trip delay time, as shown in step 5411.

As previously mentioned, all transmission all begin with the subframe header packet, in step 5412, be transmitted, and be thereafter data type, be grouping of video and audio stream and filler grouping here, be transmitted shown in the step 5414.The Voice ﹠ Video flow data will be ready and be mapped into grouping in advance, and filler divides into groups to be inserted into as required to fill up the required bit number of media frame.Main frame can be sent to movable audio unit with such grouping that enables to divide into groups such as the forward direction voice-grade channel, or in addition, main frame can illustrate other grouping in transmission chromatic graph, bit block transmission or the step 5416 here with above-mentioned other packet type transfer instruction or information.In addition, main frame can use the suitable packet switching data relevant with keyboard or indicating device with client computer.

During operation, the generation for a moment of some different event, this can cause main frame or different data rate or the interface modes types of client computer expectation.For example, computer or other device that transmits data can run into the download condition in the deal with data, and it causes the preparation of grouping or represents slack-off.The display that receives data can become more limited battery supply from special-purpose AC power supplies, and or can not transmit data, processing instruction easily, the resolution or the color depth of equal extent on probation down perhaps can not be set at more limited power supply. equally soonPerhaps, restrictive condition can be eliminated or disappear, and allows arbitrary device with the high rate data transmission data.Because this more and more expects, therefore can make request to change to higher transmission rate pattern.

If the known conditions of these or other type takes place or changes, then or main frame or client computer can detect them and attempt to consult again interface modes.This is shown in the step 5420, wherein main frame is sent to client computer with interface type handoff request grouping (Interface Type Handoff Request Packets), request is to the switching of another pattern, client computer is sent interface type and is confirmed grouping (Interface Type AcknowledgePackets), the variation that affirmation is sought, main frame sends execution type switching grouping (Perform TypeHandoff Packets) and makes the variation to designated mode then.

Though do not need specific processing order, client computer and main frame also can exchange and the relevant grouping of data of pointing to or receiving from the input unit of indicating device, keyboard or main other user type of being correlated with client computer, yet these elements also may reside in host side.These groupings are generally handled (5502) with universal process or type element and non-state machine.In addition, some instruction discussed above also can be handled (5504,5508) by general processor.

Exchanged between main frame and client computer after data and the instruction, make decision whether to transmit additional data on some point, perhaps whether main frame or client computer will stop the transmission service.This is shown in the step 5422.If link will enter or resting state or be closed fully, then main frame is sent to client computer with link-down (Link Shutdown) grouping, and two ends all stop transfer of data.

The grouping that is transmitted in aforesaid operations is handled will be transmitted with top driver and receiver about main frame and the discussion of client computer controller.These line drivers link to each other with general processor with above-mentioned state machine with other logic element, as described in the summary of Figure 55.In Figure 55, state machine 5502 also links to each other with other unshowned element with general processor 5504, for example special-purpose USB interface, memory component or reside in link controller other assembly outward of their mutual power of institute, including, but not limited to: the video control chip of data source and visual display apparatus.

Processor and state machine for above-mentioned driver about discussion such as protection incidents enable and forbidding provides control, guaranteeing the effective foundation and the termination of communication link, and transmitted in packets.

XIV. appendix

Except top form, structure and the content of discussing for the grouping of various structures that are used to realize the embodiment of the invention and agreement, give the more detailed field contents of some packet type here.Here provide these and divide other purposes or operation, thereby make those skilled in the art can more easily understand the present invention and utilize it for various application further to illustrate them.Some fields of not discussing as yet only further are discussed here.

A. for stream of video packets

Display properties field (Display attributes field) (1 byte) has a series of place values, is explained as follows.Route display pixel data are selected in position 1 and 0 how.For place value " 00 " or " 11 ", data are shown to eyes, and for place value " 10 ", data only are routed to left eye, and for place value " 01 ", data only are routed to right eye.Whether position 2 expressions provide pixel data (Pixel Data) with the form that interweaves, and row number (pixel Y coordinate) is increasing 1 when delegation advances to next line.When this place value was " 1 ", pixel data was the form that interweaves, and row number is increasing 2 when delegation advances to next line.Position 3 remarked pixel data are in the alternate picture dot form.This is similar to the standard interlace mode that is enabled by position 2, is vertical and non-parallel but interweave.When position 3 was 0, pixel data was in the progressive form of standard, and row number (pixel X coordinate) increase 1 when receiving each contiguous pixels.When position 3 was 1, pixel data was in the alternate picture dot form, and row number increase 2 when receiving each pixel.Position 7 to 4 is waited until and is used and generally be set as zero in the future.

The X initial sum Y start field of 2 bytes (X Start and Y Start fields) has been specified the X of first pixel in the pixel data field and the absolute coordinate (X Start, Y Start) of Y.The X left hand edge of 2 bytes and Y top edge field (X Left Edge and Y Top Edge fields) have been specified the left hand edge coordinate X and the top edge coordinate Y of the screen window of being filled by the pixel data field, and X right hand edge and Y lower limb field (X RightEdge and Y Bottom Edge fields) have been specified the right hand edge coordinate X and the lower limb coordinate Y of update window.

Pixel counts field (Pixel Count field) (2 byte) has been specified the number of pixels in the following pixel data field.

Parameters C RC field (Parameter CRC field) (2 byte) comprises the CRC of all bytes from the block length to the pixel counts.If this CRC check failure then abandons whole group.

Pixel data field (Pixel Data field) comprises the original video information that will be shown, and it is formatted that it accords with described mode with video data format descriptor.Discuss as other place, data once are launched one " OK ".

Pixel data crc field (Pixel Data CRC field) (2 byte) only comprises 16 CRC of pixel data.If the CRC authentication failed that should be worth then still can use pixel data, but the CRC error count increases one.

B. for stream of video packets

Voice-grade channel id field (Audio Channel ID field) (1 byte) sign client apparatus with voice data send special audio channel extremely.The physics voice-grade channel is designated or by this field mappings in this field, its value 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 or 7 represent respectively left front, right front, left back, right back, preceding in, sub-woofer speaker, a left side around and right around channel.The single stream of voice-grade channel ID 254 expression digitized audio samples is sent to left front and right front two channels.This has simplified any application for Speech Communication uses the application of stereophone, productivity among the PDA to improve to use and wherein simple user interfaces produces caution sound.The value of id field is 8 to 253 variations, and 255 currently wait until new design and need add and assign and use.

Audio sample count area (Audio Sample Count field) (2 byte) has been specified the audio sample number in this grouping.

Every sampling and packet bit digital section (Bits Per Sample and Packing field) comprise 1 byte, have specified the interval form of voice data.Normally used form is the bit number of the every pcm audio sampling of position 4 to 0 definition.Then, whether position 5 designation number audio data samples are grouped.As mentioned above, Figure 12 has illustrated the difference through between the audio sample of grouping and byte-aligned.Each continuous P CM audio sample and interface byte boundary byte-aligned in value " 0 " the expression digital audio-frequency data field of position 5 represent that each continuous P CM audio sample is packaged with respect to last audio sample and be worth " 1 ".This is only effective when value of 4 definition in 0 (bit number of every pcm audio sampling) is not eight multiple.Position 7 to 6 is waited until when system design expectation is additional assigns and is used, and generally the value of being set as is zero.

Audio sample rate field (Audio Sample Rate field) (1 byte) has been specified audio frequency PCM sample rate.Employed form is the speed of value 0 expression per second 8000 (sps) sampling, value 1 expression 16000sps, value 2 expression 24000sps, value 3 expression 32000sps, value 4 expression 40000sps, value 5 expression 48000sps, value 6 expression 11025sps, value 7 expression 22050sps, and be worth 8 expressions 44100, value 9 to 15 is waited until in the future and is used, so they are set as zero now.

Parameters C RC field (Parameter CRC field) (2 byte) comprises 16 CRC of all bytes from the block length to the audio sample rate.If this CRC normal verification failure then abandons whole group.The digital audio-frequency data field comprises the original audio sampling that will be played, and form is generally the linear format as signless integer.Voice data crc field (2 byte) comprises only 16 CRC of voice data.If this CRC check failure then still can use voice data, but the CRC error count increases one.

C. for user-defined stream packets

The stream ID field of 2 bytes (Stream ID Number field) is used to represent specific video stream.The content of stream parameter and stream data field (Stream Parameters and Stream Data fields) is defined by MDDI equipment manufacturers.The stream parameters C RC field of 2 bytes (Stream Parameter CRC field) comprises from block length and begins to 16 CRC of all bytes of audio coding byte.If this CRC fails to survey by verification, then abandon whole group.The flow data crc field of 2 bytes (Stream Data CRC field) comprises the only CRC of flow data.If this CRC fails normally by verification, then still the use of flow data is chosen wantonly, and this depends on the requirement of application.The instructions for use of the flow data of deciding on good CRC is confirming that CRC is buffer stream data before good.If CRC fails by verification, then the CRC error count increases one.

D. divide into groups for chromatic graph

Chromatic graph data size field (Color Map Data Size field) (2 byte) has been specified the sum of the chromatic graph list item that exists in the chromatic graph data field in this grouping.Byte number in the chromatic graph data is 3 times of chromatic graph size.The chromatic graph size is set as zero, does not send any chromatic graph data.If the chromatic graph size is zero, then the chromatic graph deviant still is issued but is shown device and ignores.Chromatic graph offset field (Color Map Offset field) (2 byte) has been specified in this grouping and has been begun the skew of chromatic graph data from the display unit colour chart.

The parameters C RC field of 2 bytes (Parameter CRC field) comprises the CRC of all bytes from block length to the audio coding byte.If this CRC check failure then abandons whole group.

For the chromatic graph data field, each chromatic graph unit is 3 byte values, and it is worth first byte and specifies blue size, and second byte is specified green size, and the 3rd byte has been specified red size.The chromatic graph size field has been specified the number of the 3 byte chromatic graph list items that exist in the chromatic graph data field.If single chromatic graph can not be fit to a video data format and chromatic graph grouping (Video Data Format and Color Map Packet), then can specify whole chromatic graph by in each grouping, sending a plurality of groupings with different chromatic graph data and chromatic graph skew (Color Map Data and Color MapOffsets).

The chromatic graph data crc field of 2 bytes (Color Map Data CRC field) comprises the only CRC of chromatic graph data.If this CRC check failure then still can be used the chromatic graph data, but the CEC counting increases one.

E. for the reverse link encapsulating packets

Reverse link attribute field (Reverse Link Flags field) (1 byte) comprises a group mark position and comes from display request information.If a position (being position 0 here) is set as one, then main frame divides into groups from the display request appointed information with display performance.If this position is zero, then main frame need be from the information of display.All the other positions (being position 1 to 7 here) are waited until and are used and be set as in the future zero.

Reverse rate removes digital section (Reverse Rate Divisor field) (1 byte) and specifies the MDDI_Stb periodicity that takes place about the reverse link data clock.The reverse link data clock equals the forward link data clock divided by reverse rate divisor twice.Reverse link data rate is relevant with the interface type on reverse link data link and the reverse link.For the type i interface, reverse data rate equals the reverse link data clock, and for Type II, type-iii and type i V interface, reverse data rate equals the twice of reverse link data clock, four times and octuple respectively.

Turn to 1 length field (Turn-Around 1 Length field) (1 byte) to specify to turning to 1 total bytes that distributes.It is the required byte number of MDDI_Data driver forbidding output in the main frame that recommendation turns to 1 length.This selects based on output forbidding time discussed above, forward link data rate and employed forward link interface type.Provide above and turn to 1 description more completely is set.

Turn to 2 length fields (Turn-Around 2 Length field) (1 byte) to specify to turning to the total bytes of distribution.It is that their output of MDDI_Data driver forbidding adds the byte number that round trip delay time is required in the display that recommendation turns to 2 length.Provide above and turn to 2 descriptions that are provided with.

Parameters C RC field (Parameter CRC field) (2 byte) comprises 16 CRC from block length to all bits that turn to length.If this CRC fails by verification, then abandon whole group.

Gating alignment field (Strobe Alignment field) (3 byte) comprises a value, makes the bit boundary place of MDDI_Stb signal between last and reverse data grouping field of all-zero word section first make low to high transformation.This has guaranteed that the MDDI_Stb signal is with about the mode of byte boundary unanimity in the reverse data grouping field and work.

All-zero word section (All Zero field) (1 byte) is set as and equals zero, and is used to guarantee that the MDDI_Data signal is in nought state before the first guard time cycle disabled line driver.

Turn to 1 field to be used to set up first and turn to the cycle., forbid before by this field distribution by the byte number that turns to the length parameter appointment to allow the line driver of MDDI_Data line driver in enabling client computer (display) in the main frame.Main frame turn to 1 the position 0 during the forbidding its MDDI_Data line driver, client computer (display) turn to 1 last the position after enable its line driver immediately.The MDDI_Stb signal is complete zero work as turning to the cycle.

Reverse data grouping field (Reverse Data Packets field) comprises the series of data packets that is sent to main frame from client computer.As previously mentioned, send the filler grouping to fill its complementary space that does not use by other packet type.

Turn to 2 fields to be used to set up second and turn to the cycle.By the byte number that turns to the length parameter appointment by this field distribution.

Driver enable field (Driver Re-enable field) again uses null 1 byte to guarantee that whole MDDI_Data signals were enabled again before the block length field of next grouping.

F. divide into groups for display performance

Protocol version field (Protocol Version field) is specified the protocol version that is used by client computer with 2 bytes.Initial version is set as and equals zero, and the minimal protocol version that minimal protocol version field (Minimum Protocol Versionfield) comes the given client function to use or explain with 2 bytes.The maximum data rate that video data rate capability field (Display Data Rate Capability field) (2 byte) has specified display to receive on the forward link of interface, and specify with the form of megabits per second number (Mbps).Interface type performance field (Interface Type Capability field) (1 byte) has been specified the interface type of supporting on forward direction and the reverse link.This is current by selecting position 0, position 1 or position 2 to select Type II, type-iii or type i V model on the forward link to represent respectively, selects position 3, position 4 or position 5 Type II, type-iii or the type i V models of selecting on the reverse link respectively; Position 6 and 7 is stand-by and be set as zero.Bitmap width and height field (Bitmap Width and Height field) (2 byte) have been specified the width and the height of bitmap with pixel.

Monochromatic performance field (Monochrome Capability field) (1 byte) is used for the resolution bit number that can monochrome format shows.If display does not use monochrome format, then this value is set as zero.Position 7 to 4 is waited until in the future and is used, and therefore is set as zero.Position 3 to 0 has defined the maximum number bits of the gray scale of each pixel existence.This four potential energy enough is each pixel designated value 1 to 15.If this value is zero, then display is not supported monochrome format.

Chromatic graph performance field (Colormap Capability field) (3 byte) has been specified the maximum list item number that exists in the chromatic graph in the display.If display can not use the chromatic graph form, then this value is zero.

RGB performance field (RGB Capability field) (2 byte) has been specified the bit number of the resolution that can show with rgb format.If display can not use rgb format, then this value is zero.RGB performance word is made up of three no values of symbol that separate, wherein: the blue maximum number bits of position 3 to 0 definition, the green maximum number bits of position 7 to 4 definition, and red maximum number bits in 11 to 8 each pixel of definition of position.At present, position 15 to 12 is waited until and is used and generally be set as zero in the future.

Y Cr Cb performance field (Y Cr Cb Capability field) (2 byte) has been specified the bit number of the resolution that can show with Y Cr Cb form.If display does not use Y Cr Cb form, then this value is zero.Y CrCb performance word is made up of three no values of symbol that separate, wherein: the maximum number bits in 3 to the 0 definition Cb samplings of position, maximum number bits in 7 to the 4 definition Cr samplings of position, the maximum number bits in 11 to the 8 definition Y sampling, and position 15 to 12 is waited until use in the future and generally is set as zero.

Display characteristics performance indicator field (Display Feature Capability Indicators field) has been used 4 bytes, comprises a group mark, just the special characteristic of supporting in the display.It is supported to be made as 1 bit representation performance, does not support this performance and be made as zero bit representation.Whether the value representation of position 0 supports bitmap piece transmission grouping (Bitmap Block Transfer Packet) (packet type 71).Whether the value of position 1,2 and 3 represents to support bitmap region to fill grouping (packet type 72) respectively, bitmap pattern is filled grouping (packet type 73) or communicating link data channel packet (packet type 74).Whether the value representation display of position 4 has ability makes a color transparent, and whether position 5 and 6 value representation display can be respectively with packet format receiving video data or voice data, and whether the value representation display of position 7 can send the reverse link video flowing from camera.Position 11 and 12 value respectively or the expression client computer when communicate by letter and can send and receive the indicating device packet with indicating device, or represent when client computer communicates by letter with keyboard and also can send and receive keyboard data and divide into groups.Position 13 to 31 current waiting until are used or the useful alternative distribution of system designer in the future, and generally are set as zero.

Display video frame rate performance field (Display Video Frame Rate Capability field) (1 byte) is with the maximum frame of video of number of pictures per second designated display new capability more.Main frame can be selected the speed update image lower than the value of stipulating in this field.

Audio frequency buffer depth field (Audio Buffer Depth field) (2 byte) has been specified the interior elastic buffer degree of depth of display of each audio stream special use.

Voice-grade channel performance field (Audio Channel Capability field) (2 byte) comprises a group mark, and which voice-grade channel expression display (client computer) supports.Be made as 1 bit representation and support this channel, be made as zero bit representation and do not support this channel.The position, position is assigned to different channels, make a position 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7, position represent respectively left front, right front, left back, right back, preceding in, sub-woofer speaker, a left side around and right around channel.Position 8 to 15 current waiting until are in the future used, and generally are set as zero.

2 audio frequency of byte sample rate performance field of forward link (Audio Sample Rate Capability field) comprise a group mark, the audio sample rate performance of expression client apparatus.The position, position is assigned to different rates, thus, position 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 is assigned to 8000,16000,24000,32000,40000,48000,11025,22050 and 44100 samplings of per second respectively, its meta 9 to 15 is waited until in the future or the use of alternative speed as required, so they are set as " 0 " now.Be set to " 1 " to one in these and express support for specific sample rate, be made as " 0 " expression and do not support this sample rate.

Minimum subframe speed field (Minimum Sub_frame Rate field) (2 byte) has been specified minimum subframe speed with number of pictures per second.Minimum subframe speed makes the display state renewal rate be enough to reading displayed device interior some transducer or indicating device.

2 byte microphone sample rate performance field of reverse link (Mic Sample Rate Capability field) comprise a group mark, the audio sample rate performance of microphone in the expression client apparatus.For the purpose of MDDI, the client apparatus microphone is configured to support the speed of 8000 samplings of per second at least.The position, position of this field is assigned to different rates, thus, position 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 is respectively applied for expression 8000,16000,24000,32000,40000,48000,11025,22050 and 44100 samplings of per second (SPS), its meta 9 to 15 is waited until in the future or the use of alternative speed, so they are set as " 0 " now.Be set to " 1 " to one in these and express support for specific sample rate, be made as " 0 " expression and do not support this sample rate.If do not connect any microphone, then each microphone sampling rate performance position is set as and equals zero.

Content protecting type field (Content Protection Type field) (2 byte) comprises a group mark, and expression is by the type of the digital content protection of display support.At present, position 1, position is used for expression and when supports DTCP, and position 1, position is used for expression and when supports HDCP, and the use of other desired or available protection scheme is waited until in position 2 to 15, position, thereby they are set as zero at present.

G. for display request and status packet

Reverse link request field (ReverseLink Request field) (3 byte) has been specified in next subframe that information is sent to main frame display required byte number in reverse link.

How many CRC mistakes have taken place in CRC error count field (CRC Error Count field) (1 byte) expression since media frame begins.CRC counting is reset when sub-frame count is zero subframe header packet sending.If the actual quantity of CRC mistake exceeds 255, then should be worth saturated at 255 places.

Performance change field (Capability Change field) is with the variation of 1 byte representation display performance.If the user has connected such as the such external equipment of microphone, keyboard or display, perhaps for some other former thereby the speech, then this can take place.As position [7:0] when equaling 0, then performance has not changed since the last time is sent the display performance grouping.Yet when position [7:0] equaled 1 to 255, performance changed.The display performance grouping is examined to determine new display characteristic.

H. for bit block transmission grouping

Window top-left coordinates X value and Y value field (Window Upper Left Coordinate X Value andY Value field) have been used 2 bytes, and each specifies the X and the Y value of the upper left corner coordinate of the window that will be moved.Window width and height field (Window Width and Height field) have been used 2 bytes, and each has specified the width and the height of the window that will be moved.Window X moves and moves field (Window X Movementand Y Movement field) with Y and used 2 bytes, and each has been specified respectively should be by the pixel count of the window of level or vertical moving.X on the occasion of window is moved right, negative value is moved to the left it, and Y on the occasion of window is moved down, and negative value moves up it.

I. fill grouping for bitmap region

Window top-left coordinates X value and Y value field (Window Upper Left Coordinate X Value andY value fields) have been used 2 bytes, and each has specified the X and the Y value of the window upper left corner coordinate that will be filled.Window width and height field (Window Width and Height fields) (2 byte) have been specified the width and the height of the window that will be filled.Video data format descriptor symbol field (Video Data Format Descriptorfield) (2 byte) has been specified the form of pixel region filling value.This form is identical with the form of same field in the stream of video packets.Pixel region is filled value field (Pixel Area Fill Value field) (4 byte) and is comprised the pixel value of the window that will be packed into above-mentioned field appointment.The form of this pixel is specified in video data format descriptor symbol field.

J. fill grouping for bitmap pattern

Window top-left coordinates X value and Y value field (Window Upper Left Coordinate X Value andY value fields) have been used 2 bytes, and each has specified the X and the Y value of the window upper left corner coordinate that will be filled.Window width and height field (Window Width and Height fields) (respectively being 2 bytes) have been specified the width and the height of the window that will be filled.Pattern width and pattern height (Pattern Width and PatternHeight fields) (respectively being 2 bytes) have been specified the width and the height of filling pattern respectively.The video data format descriptor symbol field (Video Data Format Descriptor field) of 2 bytes has been specified the form of pixel region filling value.Figure 11 has illustrated how the video data format descriptor symbol is encoded.Field format identical in stream of video packets is also identical.

Parameters C RC field (Parameter CRC field) (2 byte) comprises all bytes from block length to the video format descriptor.If this CRC check failure then abandons whole group.Pattern pixel data field (Pattern Pixel Data field) comprises original video information, has specified form to be the filling pattern by the specified form of video data format descriptor symbol.Data are grouped into byte, and first pixel of each row must byte-aligned.The filling pattern data are sent out delegation at every turn.Pattern pixel data crc field (Pattern Pixel Data CRCfield) (2 byte) only comprises the CRC of pattern pixel data.If this CRC check failure then still use the pattern pixel data, but the CRC error count should increase one.

K. communicating link data channel packet

Parameters C RC field (Parameter CRC field) (2 byte) comprises 16 CRC of all bytes from block length to the video format descriptor.If this CRC check failure then abandons whole group.

Communicating link data field (Communication Link Data field) comprises the initial data from communication channel.These data are passed in the interior calculation element of display simply.

Communicating link data crc field (Communication Link Data CRC field) (2 byte) only comprises 16 CRC of communicating link data.If this CRC check failure then still use communicating link data, but the CRC error count should increase one.

L. divide into groups for the interface type handoff request

Interface type field (Interface Type field) (1 byte) has been specified the new interface type that will use.Value in this field has been specified interface type in the following manner.If the value in the position 7 equals 0, then the type handoff request is used for forward link, if equal 1, then the type handoff request is used for reverse link.Position 6 to 3 is waited until in the future and is used, and generally is set as zero.Position 2 to 0 is used to define the interface type that will use, and its intermediate value 1 expression is to the switching of type i pattern, and value 2 expressions are worth the switching of 3 expressions to the type-iii pattern, and are worth the switching of 4 expressions to the type i V model to the switching of Type II pattern.Value 0 and 5 to 7 is waited until the combination of specifying alternating pattern or pattern in the future.

M. confirm grouping for interface type

The new interface type that the value affirmation of interface type field (Interface Type field) (1 byte) will be used.Value in this field is the specified interface type in the following manner.If position 7 equals 0, then the type handoff request is used for forward link, and perhaps, if equal 1, then the type handoff request is used for reverse link.Position 6 to 3, position is preserved for distributing other interface type as required at present, and generally is set as zero.Yet position 2 to 0, position is used to define the interface type that will use, and its intermediate value 0 expression Negative Acknowledgement perhaps can not be carried out the switching of being asked, and value 1,2,3 and 4 is represented the switching to type i, Type II, type-iii and type i V model respectively.Value 5 to 7 is waited until and is distributed alternating pattern in the future as required.

N. switch grouping for carrying out type

The new interface type that the interface type field of 1 byte (Interface Type field) indicates to use.Value in this field still is reverse link and specified interface type by determining that with the value of position 7 the type switching is used for forward direction at first.Value " 0 " expression type interface requests is used for forward link, and value " 1 " expression interface requests is used for reverse link.Position 6 to 3 is waited until in the future and is used, and equally generally is set as null value.Yet position 2 to 0 is used to define the interface type that will use, and its intermediate value 1,2,3 and 4 is represented the switching to type i, Type II, type-iii and type i V model respectively.The use of these value 5 to 7 is waited until and is distributed alternating pattern in the future as required.

0. enable grouping for the forward direction voice-grade channel

Voice-grade channel enables mask field (Audio Channel Enable Mask field) (1 byte) and comprises a group mark, the voice-grade channel that will be enabled in the expression client computer.Be made as 1 position and enable corresponding channel, and be made as zero the corresponding channel of position forbidding.Position 0 to 5 allocated channel 0 to 5 is respectively in left front, right front, left back, right back, preceding and the sub-woofer speaker channel.Position 6 and 7 is waited until in the future and is used, and is set as zero simultaneously.

P. for reverse audio sample rate grouping

Audio sample rate field (Audio Sample Rate field) (1 byte) has been specified the digitized audio samples rate.The value of this field is assigned to different speed, its intermediate value 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 is respectively applied for specifies 8000,16000,32000,40000,48000,11025,22050 and 44100 samplings of per second (SPS), value 9 to 254 is waited until the use of other speed as required, so they are set as " 0 " at present.Value 255 is used to forbid the reverse link audio stream.

Sample format field (Sample Format field) (1 byte) has been specified the form of digitized audio samples.As position [1:0] when equaling 0, digitized audio samples is a linear format, and when they equaled 1, digitized audio samples was μ-Lv Geshi, and when they equaled 2, digitized audio samples was an A-rule form.Position [7:2] wait until audio format distribute in as required alternative use, and generally be set as and equal zero.

Q. divide into groups for the digital content protection expense

Content protecting grouping field (Content Protection Type field) (1 byte) has been specified employed digital content protection method.Value 0 expression DTCP (DTCP), and be worth 1 expression HDCP system (HDCP).Value scope 2 to 255 is not specified at present, but waits until the use of alternative protection scheme as required.Content protecting Overhead Message field (Content Protection Overhead Messages field) is a variable length, is included in the content protecting message that sends between main frame and client computer.

R. enable grouping for Transparent color

Transparent color enable field (Transparent color Enable field) (1 byte) has been specified the Transparent color pattern when to be enabled or has been forbidden.If position 0 equals 0, then forbid the Transparent color pattern, if equal 1, then enable the Transparent color pattern, and Transparent color is specified by following two parameters.The position 1 to 7 of this byte is waited until and is used and be set as in the future zero.

Video data format descriptor symbol field (Video Data Format Descriptor field) (2 byte) has been specified the form of pixel data filling value.Figure 11 has illustrated how the video data format descriptor symbol is encoded.This form is generally identical with the form of same field in the stream of video packets.

Pixel region filling value field (Pixel Areal Fill Value field) has been used 4 bytes for the pixel value distribution of the window that will be received in top appointment.The value of this pixel is specified in video data format descriptor symbol field.

S. measure grouping for round trip delay time

Parameters C RC field (Parameter CRC field) (2 byte) comprises 16 CRC of all bytes from block length to the video format descriptor.If this CRC check failure then abandons whole group.

Gating alignment field (2 byte) comprises a value, makes the bit boundary of MDDI_Stb signal before first of this grouping all-zero word section and then make hanging down and arrives high transformation.This guarantee the MDDI_Stb signal any send this grouping in with about measuring period in the consistent mode of byte boundary work.

All-zero word section (All Zero field) (1 byte) comprises zero and guarantees that all MDDI_Data signals were in nought state before the first guard time cycle disabled line driver.

Guard time 1 field (Guard Time 1 field) (8 byte) is used to allow the line driver of MDDI_Data line driver in enabler client (display) in the main frame to forbid before.Main frame is its MDDI_Data line driver of forbidding during the position 0 of guard time 1, and display enables its line driver immediately behind last position of guard time 1.

Field measuring period (Measurement Period field) is the window of 512 bytes, is used to allow half place of the used on the forward link data rate of display to reply with 0 x ff, 0 x ff, 0 x 0.This speed is 1 corresponding to the reverse link rate divisor.Display returns this immediately and replys at the place that begins of measuring period.This is replied and is received just be in the main frame place at the round trip delay time of link after first beginning of measuring period of main frame place.MDDI_Data line driver in the display is and then disabled from 0 x ff, the 0 x ff of display, front and back that 0 x 0 replys.

Value in guard time 2 fields (Guard Time 2 field) (2 byte) allows to forbid before the line driver of client computer MDDI_Data line driver in enabled hosts.Guard time 2 always exists, but only just needs when round trip delay time is the maximum that can record in measuring period.Client computer guard time 2 the position 0 during the forbidding its line driver, main frame and then guard time 2 last the position after enable its line driver.

Driver enable field (Driver Re-enable field) (1 byte) again is set as and equals zero, and is enabled before the block length field of next grouping to guarantee all MDDI_Data signals again.

XV. conclusion

Though described various embodiment of the present invention above, yet be appreciated that they only provide by example, and unrestricted.Therefore, wide in range degree of the present invention and scope should not limited by above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, and only should define according to claims and their equivalent.

Claims (105)

1. one kind in the digital data interface that transmits digital displaying data on the communication path with two-forty between host apparatus and client apparatus, it is characterized in that comprising:

A plurality of packet configurations, they are linked at together to be formed in the communication protocol that transmits one group of previously selected digital control and video data on the described communication path between host apparatus and client apparatus; And

Reside in by at least one link controller in the described host apparatus of described communication path and the coupling of described client apparatus, be used to produce, send and receive the grouping that forms described communication protocol, thereby digital displaying data formed the packet of one or more types.

2. interface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that also comprising, described being grouped in the media frame combined, media frame has the predefine regular length and is transmitted between described host apparatus and client apparatus, and wherein the described grouping of predetermined quantity has difference and length variable.

3. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the subframe header packet, and it is positioned at the beginning from the grouping transmission of described host apparatus.

4. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, data are in two-way transmission between described host apparatus and client apparatus on the described communication path.

5. interface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described link controller is the host link controller, and comprise at least one the client link controller that resides in the described client apparatus, described client apparatus is by described communication path and the coupling of described host apparatus, this link controller is used to produce, send and receive the grouping that forms described communication protocol, thereby digital displaying data is formed the packet of one or more types.

6. interface as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described host link controller comprises one or more differential line drivers; And described client link controller comprises the one or more differential lines receivers with described communication path coupling.

7. interface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the one or more stream of video packets that also comprise the video type data, the audio stream grouping of audio type data is used on the forward link data being sent to described client apparatus from described host apparatus and manifests to the client apparatus user.

8. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises one or more reverse link encapsulating packets, is used for described client apparatus data are sent to described host apparatus.

9. interface as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, describedly reside at least one link controller in the described host apparatus, can provide the data and the data rate of which kind of type by described interface so that determine described client apparatus from client apparatus request display performance information.

10. interface as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, the client link controller will show or manifest performance with at least one display performance grouping and be sent to described host link controller.

11. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described communication path comprises the cable with a series of four or multiple conducting wires and shieldings.

12. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described at least one link controller that resides in the described host apparatus comprises the usb data interface that moves as the part of described communication path.

13. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described host apparatus comprises radio communication device.

14. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described host apparatus comprises the portable computer of wherein having disposed radio modem.

15. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described client apparatus comprises the portable video display.

16. interface as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, described portable video display comprises little display unit.

17. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described client apparatus comprises the portable audio visualization means.

18. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described host apparatus comprises that the multi-medium data that will be transmitted stores the device of described client apparatus into.

19. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described grouping respectively comprises block length field, one or more packet data field and CRC field.

20. interface as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that also comprising:

Multiple transfer mode, each allows the different data of parallel convey maximal bit quantity on the preset time section, and each pattern all is fit to select by the negotiation between described main frame and the described client link controller; And

Wherein said transfer mode is adapted at dynamic adjustments between the described pattern during data transmit.

21. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising a plurality of groupings, can be used for transmitting the video information that enables to select the type packet about chromatic graph, bit groupings transmission, bitmap region filling, bitmap pattern filling and Transparent color from a group.

22. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises being used to occupy during the forward link transmissions that does not have data by the filler type packet of described host apparatus generation.

23. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises user-defined stream type grouping, is used to transmit the user-defined data of interface.

24. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the grouping of keyboard data and indicating device data type, is used for data are sent to the user input apparatus relevant with described client apparatus or transmit data from described user input apparatus.

25. interface as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the link-down type packet, is used for being transferred to described client apparatus by described host apparatus, the data on all directions transmit on the described communication path to stop.

26. one kind, is characterized in that comprising in the method that transmits numerical data on the communication path with two-forty between host apparatus and client apparatus in order to manifest to the user:

Produce one or more predefined packet configurations and they are linked at together to form predefined communication protocol;

Between described host apparatus on the described communication path and described client apparatus, transmit one group of digital control and impression data of selecting in advance with described communication protocol;

At least one the host link controller that resides in the described host apparatus is coupled to described client apparatus by described communication path, the host link controller is used to produce, send and receive the grouping that forms described communication protocol, and digital impression data is formed the packet of one or more types; And

On described communication path, transmit data with described link controller with block form.

27. method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that also comprising, for the communication between described host apparatus and client apparatus in media frame with described packet assembling together, media frame has predefined regular length, and wherein the described grouping of predetermined quantity has difference and length variable.

28. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, begins to send grouping from described host apparatus with the subframe header type packet.

29. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, on the described communication path between described host apparatus and client apparatus two-way transfer of data.

30. method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that also comprising, reside at least one the client link controller in the described client apparatus, described client apparatus is by described communication path and the coupling of described host apparatus, be used to produce, send, also receive the grouping that forms described communication protocol, and digital impression data is formed the packet of one or more types.

31. method as claimed in claim 30 is characterized in that, described host link controller comprises one or more differential line drivers; And described client link controller comprises the one or more differential lines receivers with described communication path coupling.

32. method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that also comprising, in order to manifest, data are sent to described client apparatus from described host apparatus with the video flowing type grouping of one or more video type data and the audio stream type packet of audio type data to the client apparatus user.

33. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, with one or more reverse link encapsulated type groupings data is sent to described host apparatus from described client apparatus.

34. method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that also comprising, by the display performance information of host link controller request, can provide the data and the data rate of which kind of type by described interface so that determine described client apparatus from described client apparatus.

35. method as claimed in claim 34 is characterized in that also comprising, will show or manifest performance with at least one display performance type packet and be sent to described host link controller from the client link controller.

36. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described communication path comprises the cable with a series of four or multiple conducting wires and shieldings.

37. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, by each described link controller as the part of described communication path and move the usb data interface.

38. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described host apparatus comprises radio communication device.

39. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described host apparatus comprises the portable computer of wherein having disposed radio modem.

40. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described client apparatus comprises the portable video display.

41. method as claimed in claim 40 is characterized in that, described portable video display comprises little display unit.

42. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described client apparatus comprises that portable audio manifests system.

43. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, the multi-medium data that will be sent to described client apparatus is stored in described host apparatus place.

44. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that, described grouping respectively comprises block length field, one or more packet data field and CRC field.

45. method as claimed in claim 27 is characterized in that also comprising:

Consult to use on all directions one of multiple transfer mode between described main frame and client link controller, each allows the different data of parallel convey maximal bit quantity on the preset time section; And

During transmitting, data between described transfer mode, dynamically regulate.

46. method as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that also comprising, with one or more groupings transmit from transmit about chromatic graph, bit groupings, bitmap region is filled, bitmap pattern is filled and Transparent color enables the video information selected a group of type packet.

47. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, produces the filler type packet with during occupying the forward link transmissions that does not have data by described host apparatus.

48. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, with the user-defined data of user-defined stream type data transfer interface.

49. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, data is sent to the user input apparatus relevant with described client apparatus or transmits data from it with the grouping of indicating device data type with keyboard data.

50. method as claimed in claim 26 is characterized in that also comprising, uses by the link-down type packet of described host apparatus to described client apparatus transmission and transmits in the data that stop on the described communication path on the either direction.

51. one kind, is characterized in that comprising at the device that transmits numerical data on the communication path with two-forty between host apparatus and client apparatus in order to manifest to the user:

At least one host link controller of disposing in the described host apparatus, produce one or more predefined packet configurations and they are linked at together forming predefined communication protocol, and between described host apparatus on the described communication path and described client apparatus, transmit one group of digital control and impression data of selecting in advance with described communication protocol;

At least one client computer controller is deployed in the described client apparatus and by described communication path and described host link controller and is coupled; And

Each link controller is used to produce, send and receive the grouping that forms described communication protocol, and digital impression data is formed the packet of one or more types.

52. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described at least one host link controller comprises state machine.

53. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described at least one host link controller comprises general purpose signal processor.

54. device as claimed in claim 51, it is characterized in that, described being grouped in is combined in a communication that is used between described host apparatus and the client apparatus in the media frame, media frame has predefined regular length, and wherein the described grouping of predetermined quantity has difference and length variable.

55. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that also comprising, in the subframe header type packet that begins when described host apparatus transmits grouping.

56. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described at least one host link controller is used for two-way transfer of data between described host apparatus on the described communication path and client apparatus.

57. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described client computer controller comprises the client computer receiver with described client apparatus coupling.

58. device as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described at least one host link controller comprises one or more differential line drivers; Described client computer receiver comprises the one or more differential lines receivers with described communication path coupling.

59. device as claimed in claim 51, it is characterized in that also comprising the video flowing type grouping of video type data, and manifest audio stream type packet to the used audio types of client apparatus user when data are sent to described client apparatus from described host apparatus.

60. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that also comprising one or more reverse link encapsulated type groupings, is used for data are sent to described host apparatus from described client apparatus.

61. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described host link controller is used for from client apparatus request display performance information, can provide the data and the data rate of which kind of type so that determine described client apparatus.

62. device as claimed in claim 61 is characterized in that also comprising at least one display performance type packet, is used for demonstration or manifests performance being sent to described host link controller from the client link controller.

63. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described communication path comprises the cable with a series of four or multiple conducting wires and shieldings.

64., it is characterized in that described cable comprises six conductors and a shielding as the described device of claim 63.

65., it is characterized in that described cable comprises eight leads and a shielding as the described device of claim 63.

66., it is characterized in that described communication path comprises by 4 leads, a USB style interface and the cable that shielding is formed as the described device of claim 63.

67. as the described device of claim 63, it is characterized in that, described cable conductor respectively comprises multi cord and a shielding, and the impedance of described multi cord is that about 110 ohm of each thousand feet length, signal velocity are about 0.66c, pass through the maximum delay of cable less than 8.0 nanoseconds.

68. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described host apparatus comprises radio communication device.

69. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described host apparatus comprises the portable computer of wherein having disposed radio modem.

70. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described client apparatus comprises the portable video display.

71., it is characterized in that described portable video display comprises little display unit as the described device of claim 70.

72. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described client apparatus comprises that portable audio manifests system.

73. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that also comprising data storage, is used to keep to be sent to the multi-medium data of described client apparatus by described host apparatus.

74. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described grouping respectively comprises a block length field, one or more packet data field and a CRC field.

75. device as claimed in claim 51, it is characterized in that, described host link controller and described at least one client computer controller are used for using one of a plurality of transfer modes in all directions, and each allows the different data of parallel convey maximum number bits on the preset time section; And can during transmitting, data between described transfer mode, dynamically be regulated.

76. device as claimed in claim 51, it is characterized in that also comprising the one or more of a plurality of groupings that are used to transmit video information, video information from one group about chromatic graph, bit groupings transmission, bitmap region fill, bitmap pattern is filled and Transparent color enables to select the type packet.

77. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that also comprising the filler type packet, is used for being transmitted with during occupying the forward link transmissions with data by described host apparatus.

78. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that also comprising the grouping of keyboard data and indicating device data type, is used for data are sent to the user input apparatus relevant with described client apparatus or transmit data from it.

79. device as claimed in claim 51 is characterized in that, described console controller is used for the link-down type packet is sent to described client apparatus, and the data on the either direction transmit on the described communication path thereby terminate in.

80. a device that transmits numerical data in order to manifest to the user between host apparatus on the communication path and client apparatus with two-forty is characterized in that comprising:

Produce one or more predefined packet configurations and they are linked at together to form the device of predefine communication protocol;

Between described host apparatus on the described communication path and described client apparatus, transmit the device of one group of previously selected digital control and impression data with described communication protocol;

By described communication path with at least two devices that link controller is coupled, each is all within described host apparatus and client apparatus, respectively be used to produce, send and receive the grouping that forms described communication protocol, and digital impression data formed the packet of one or more types; And

On described communication path, transmit the device of data with block form with described link controller.

81. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, be used between described host apparatus and client apparatus in the communicating medium frame described packet assembling device together, this media frame has predefined regular length, and wherein the described grouping of predetermined quantity has difference and length variable.

82. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, begin the device that transmits from the grouping of described host apparatus from the subframe header type packet.

83. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, be used for the device of two-way transfer of data between described host apparatus on the described communication path and client apparatus.

84., it is characterized in that a link controller comprises and the console controller of described host apparatus coupling that second link controller comprises the client computer receiver with described client apparatus coupling as the described device of claim 80.

85., it is characterized in that described console controller comprises one or more differential line drivers as the described device of claim 84; And described client computer receiver comprises the one or more differential lines receivers that are coupled with described communication path.

86. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, with the audio stream type packet of grouping of the video flowing type of one or more video type data and audio type data data are sent to described client apparatus from described host apparatus and manifest device to the user.

87. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, data be sent to the device of described host apparatus from described client apparatus with one or more reverse link encapsulated type groupings.

88. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, can provide the data and the data rate of which kind of type so that determine described client apparatus by the device of described link controller from client apparatus request display performance information.

89. as the described device of claim 88, it is characterized in that also comprising, will show or manifest performance is sent to described link controller from a client link controller device with at least one display performance type packet.

90., it is characterized in that described communication path comprises the cable that has a series of four or multiple conducting wires and shieldings as the described device of claim 80.

91. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, by the device of each described link controller operation as the usb data interface of a described communication path part.

92., it is characterized in that described host apparatus comprises radio communication device as the described device of claim 80.

93., it is characterized in that described host apparatus comprises the portable computer of wherein having disposed radio modem as the described device of claim 80.

94., it is characterized in that described client apparatus comprises the portable video display as the described device of claim 80.

95., it is characterized in that described portable video display comprises little display unit as the described device of claim 94.

96., it is characterized in that described client apparatus comprises that portable audio manifests system as the described device of claim 80.

97. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising that the multi-medium data that is used for being sent to described client apparatus is stored in the device at described host apparatus place.

98., it is characterized in that described grouping respectively comprises a block length field, one or more packet data field and a CRC field as the described device of claim 80.

99., it is characterized in that also comprising as the described device of claim 81:

At the device of one of multiple transfer mode of consulting between described main frame and the client link controller to use on all directions, each allows the different data of parallel convey maximal bit quantity on the preset time section; And

During data transmit between described transfer mode the device of dynamic adjustments.

100. as the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, with the device of one or more transmission video informations of a plurality of groupings, video information from one group of chromatic graph, bit groupings transmission, bitmap region fill, bitmap pattern is filled and Transparent color enables to select the type packet.

As the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, produce the filler type packet to occupy the device during the forward link transmissions with data by described host apparatus.

As the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, transmit the device of the user-defined data of interface with user-defined stream type grouping.

As the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, data are sent to the user input device relevant with described client apparatus and transmit the device of data from it with the grouping of indicating device data type with keyboard data.

As the described device of claim 80, it is characterized in that also comprising, use the link-down type packet of transmitting to described client apparatus by described host apparatus to stop the transmission of the data on the either direction on the described communication path.

A kind of processor that is used in the electronic system, be used between host apparatus on the communication path and client apparatus, transmitting numerical data with two-forty, this processor is used to produce one or more predefined packet configurations, and they are linked at together to form predefined communication protocol; Digital impression data is formed the packet of one or more types; Between described host apparatus on the described communication path and described client apparatus, transmit one group of previously selected digital control and impression data with described communication protocol; And on described communication path, transmit data with block form.

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