CN100466330C - High-colour-purity electroluminescent device and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
High-colour-purity electroluminescent device and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100466330C CN100466330C CNB031469590A CN03146959A CN100466330C CN 100466330 C CN100466330 C CN 100466330C CN B031469590 A CNB031469590 A CN B031469590A CN 03146959 A CN03146959 A CN 03146959A CN 100466330 C CN100466330 C CN 100466330C
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Abstract
The invented film in composed of cascading transparent substrate, transparent electrode, hole transport layer, crossblend luminescence film layer or multiplayer macromolecule film and metal electrode film in sequence. Narrowed luminescence spectrum of macromolecule is realized in the invention through changing coupling between luminescence macromolecule chains, adjusting and controlling transport process of electron carrier and hole carrier as well as using energy transferring mechanism between molecules that is excitation energy of macromolecule luminescence material with wide forbidden band is easier to transfer to luminescence material with narrow forbidden band. Advantages of the invented film are: ultrathin, stable, saturated luminescence chroma, simple technique, and low cost. The device is suitable to preparation of color screen.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the luminescent chromaticity of self-luminous flat-panel monitor, colourity is the quantificational expression of color, high color purity means that the Energy distribution of luminous photon is narrower, and narrow photoluminescent band can improve illuminant colour purity, can satisfy the requirement of color monitor to luminescent chromaticity.The present invention relates to the electroluminescent device with narrow emission band high color purity that adopts high-molecular luminous material blend and plural layers in more detail.
The invention still further relates to the preparation method of described electroluminescent device.
Background technology
Under low voltage drive, can obtain the bright luminous phenomenon of shades of colour with the electroluminescent device of macromolecule membrane structure and begin to be applied to various types of flat-panel monitors, as mobile phone, PDA, digital camera, computer display terminal, TV and various instrument and meter demonstrations etc.As the polymeric light-emitting element that shows usefulness, has the incomparable advantage of many similar flat-panel display devices: ultra-thin, in light weight, active illuminating, wide visual angle, high efficiency, high brightness, color is clear, technology is simple, low-power consumption, cost are low, flexible screen demonstration etc.The basic structure of this macromolecule display device is the sandwich sandwich type structural, and existing electroluminescent device structure comprises two-layer electrode up and down as shown in Figure 1, i.e. metal electrode 1 and transparency electrode 2, and under electric field action, electrode 1 injects electronics, electrode 2 injected holes.Accompany two-layer macromolecule layer between the electrode 1 and 2, one deck is a hole transmission layer 3, and it can not have the characteristics of luminescence; Another layer is the macromolecule membrane 4 that is formed by single molecule, luminous this floor height molecular material that derives from; Being transparent substrates 5 below the transparency electrode, is cap 6 above the metal electrode.
Add direct voltage between electrode 1 and 2, under electric field action, luminous by luminescent layer 4 generations that macromolecule membrane constitutes, the light that sends transmits from the transparency electrode side.The emission band of macromolecular material is usually than broad (half width FWHM〉80nm), the emission band of broad means the Energy distribution broad of ballistic phonon, illuminant colour purity is relatively poor, shows that for colour the color saturation of the three primary colors red, green, blue that needs will be difficult to reach requirement.
Existing polymeric luminescence layer 4 is the single films that formed by single molecule, the photoluminescent band broad.Compare with the inorganic molecule crystal, the main cause of the wide emission band of macromolecule is that conjugation/non-conjugated luminous high polymer membrane structure is more orderly, there is stronger electroacoustic to interact, the appearance at series phonon vibration peak broadens photoluminescent band, the impurity of the general molecular weight distribution broad of macromolecular material, material and defective are many etc. in addition, and these factors also can cause macromolecular LED spectrum broad.
High color purity is to realize the colored basic demand that shows, so narrow emission is the important content that the research macromolecular LED shows.About the narrow band emission, there is several method to realize at present, the present subject matter that faces of these methods can be summarized as follows:
1. synthesis of high purity, low defect luminescence material.This is fundamentally to solve the wide method of macromolecular LED bands of a spectrum, this method need be carried out Molecular Structure Design and study on the synthesis, correlation between at present molecular structure and emission spectrum being narrowed does not still have the understanding of maturation, can't regulate and control the macromolecular LED bands of a spectrum from molecular structure.
2. the control membrane structure is arranged in order strand.This method need be carried out film forming condition at material behavior and explored, when the macromolecular material difference, film forming condition not simultaneously, its membrane structure will have very big-difference, cause luminescent spectrum to change thereupon.On the other hand, because molecular weight polymeric is distributed more widely, make that regulation and control spectrum narrowing degree is very limited.
3. micro-cavity structure narrows emission spectrum by making emission light repeatedly reflect the interference that produces between positive and negative electrode.This method can make luminescence spectrum narrow very effectively, even can be less than 10nm, but the problem that is to use micro-cavity structure is the device architecture more complicated, use total reflection substrate (DBR substrate), to cause cost to improve like this, on the other hand, the luminous of this method generation is polarization, emergent light is non-cosine radiation, and the visual angle obviously reduces.
4. variegate filter.The subject matter of this method is that macromolecular LED light energy output loss behind filter plate is bigger, loses 50% at least.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to problem and difficult point, a kind of electroluminescent device that makes the macromolecular LED bands of a spectrum narrow, improve illuminant colour purity is provided at the prior art existence.By macromolecule not of the same race blend by a certain percentage or design layer high molecule film, make luminous high polymer and blend macromolecule or with it the macromolecule of adjacent layer produce interaction between strand, lower luminous high polymer and be in the electronics of excitation state and the stiffness of coupling of luminous high polymer chain vibration, promptly lowering electroacoustic interacts, the emission band that phonon is participated in weakens or disappears, and reaches the purpose of the emission band that narrows.
The present invention also aims to provide the preparation method of the electroluminescent device of described high color purity.
The electroluminescent device of high color purity of the present invention is mainly stacked gradually by transparent electrode layer, hole transmission layer, luminescent layer, metal electrode layer and constitutes;
Described metal electrode layer is lithium metal, boron, sodium, calcium, magnesium, beryllium, barium, potassium, aluminium, gold, silver or metal oxide or the alloy of two or more metals wherein;
Described hole transmission layer is the film that constitutes by the conjugation of doing main chain with carbon or silicon or non-conjugated high electric conductor; The best material of implementing can be polyaniline, polythiophene, poly-than coughing up or p-phenylene vinylene's film;
Described transparent electrode layer is metal or metal oxide layer, and concrete composition comprises metallic aluminium, gold, silver or metal oxide, and best enforcement material can be tin indium oxide (ITO), tin oxide (SnO);
Described luminescent layer is the blend macromolecule membrane, this film can be two kinds, also can be three kinds, even can be polymer blended more than three kinds, macromolecule component can be conjugation or a non-conjugated system of doing main chain with carbon, silicon and sulphur, comprises elements such as phenyl ring and heterocycle structure and sulphur, tin, aluminium, zinc, rare earth, transition metal, heavy metal; Best implement material can be the p-phenylene vinylene (P-PPV: poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives), poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives (MEHPPV: (P-PPV:MEH-PPV=96:4) blend poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives) in proportion.
Described luminescent layer also can be made of the macromolecule membrane of two layers or more single component, described macromolecule membrane composition can be conjugation or a non-conjugated system of doing main chain with carbon, silicon and sulphur, poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives), red light material (MEH-PPV: poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives), blue light material (PF: poly-fluorene derivative) comprise elements such as phenyl ring and heterocycle structure and sulphur, tin, aluminium, zinc, rare earth, transition metal, heavy metal, the best material of implementing can be that macromolecule layer can be green light material (P-PPV: according to this.
The preparation method of the electroluminescent device of high color purity of the present invention applies or plating hole transport layer material, luminescent layer, metal electrode layer 1 and enclosure 6 on transparent electrode layer successively.
Also can be on transparent substrates apply successively or plating transparency electrode layer material, hole transport layer material, luminescent layer, metal electrode layer, at last with cap protection metal electrode and the anti-oxidation of macromolecular material.
When luminescent layer was blend macromolecule membrane layer, the electroluminescent device of high color purity of the present invention preparation method more specifically comprised the steps:
(1) on transparency conductive electrode substrate 2, prepares transparency electrode modification or hole transport or hole with rotation coating, printing or spraying method and inject macromolecule layer 3;
(2) prepare two or more molecule blend polymeric luminescence layers 4 with rotation coating, printing or spraying method;
(3) prepare metal level 1 with vacuum evaporation or sputtering method.
When luminescent layer was multilayer (every layer is single molecule) macromolecule membrane, the electroluminescent device of high color purity of the present invention preparation method more specifically comprised the steps:
(1) on transparency conductive electrode substrate 2, prepares transparency electrode modification or hole transport or hole with rotation coating, printing or spraying method and inject macromolecule layer 3;
(1) prepares the first polymeric luminescence layer 8-1 with rotation coating, printing or spraying method;
(2) prepare the second polymeric luminescence layer 8-2 with rotation coating, printing or spraying method;
(3) prepare the 3rd polymeric luminescence layer 8-3 with rotation coating, printing or spraying method;
(4) determine that the luminous high polymer number of plies is according to selected material and glow color, adopts two-layer or three-decker targetedly;
(5) cover macromolecule membrane and metal electrode with airtight enclosure 6, and obturage with airtight glue, making in the enclosure and between the external world does not have Gas Exchange.
For first kind of scheme, described intermingling material can be two kinds, also can be three kinds, even can be (as Fig. 2) more than three kinds.For second kind of scheme, described first macromolecule layer can be a green light material, and second macromolecule layer can be a red light material, and the 3rd macromolecule layer can be blue light material (as Fig. 3); Perhaps first macromolecule layer can be a blue light material, and second macromolecule layer can be a red light material, and the 3rd macromolecule layer can be a green light material.For these two kinds of schemes, metal electrode all is the metals with low work function, and enclosure can be materials such as air-locked glass, metal, pottery.When transparency electrode adds positive voltage, can measure from the arrowband luminescent spectrum that macromolecule layer sends.
We achieve success in following experiment.With poly-fluorene derivative (polyflurene:PF) as blue light emitting material, with p-phenylene vinylene (P-PPV) as green light luminescent material, with poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives (MEHPPV) as red illuminating material, or two or three material blend (as Fig. 2) that will be wherein, or make sandwich construction (Fig. 3) with three kinds of materials.The polymer blended technology path that Figure 4 and 5 explanations the present invention proposes can realize that the arrowband is luminous, and the luminous MEHPPV (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives) that derives from, the peak value of luminescent spectrum be at 600nm, half width FWHM＜50nm.Fig. 6 illustrates that the layer high molecule technology path of proposition can realize that the arrowband is luminous, the luminous MEHPPV (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives) that derives from, and the peak value of luminescent spectrum is 600nm, half width FWHM＜50nm.The spectral line that this two classes device architecture the obtains result that narrows, its luminous mechanism is to interact by P-PPV molecule and MEHPPV molecule that (the blend film situation is that molecule dissolves each other to produce in film and interacts; Sandwich construction is that two kinds of molecules are producing the chain interphase interaction at the interface, and luminous then derive from the interface this moment) suppressed the phonon peak of MEHPPV (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives), therefore the glow peak that does not have phonon to participate in strengthens relatively.Figure 4 and 5 provide the electroluminescent main emission peak of individual layer MEHPPV (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives) simultaneously and are positioned at 590nm, half width～90nm, and the emission peak of the MEHPPV under blend and multilayer situation has certain red shift, and the interaction of this explanation MEHPPV (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives) interchain changes.Like this, PF, P-PPV, three kinds of materials of MEHPPV can excite down at electric field in the three-layer thin-film structure and under the blending condition, provide narrow emission.Can predict,, can realize saturated red emission if adopt the main emission peak of the 0-0 transition that does not have the phonon participation to be positioned at the luminescent material of 620-650nm.
Advantage of the invention and effect: use the technology and the method for large-area preparation macromolecule membranes such as rotation coating, printing, spraying, inkjet printing, launch by the approach of preparation layer high molecule film or the narrow band that adopts the blend method realization to have saturated colourity.The advantage of this electroluminescent device is that technical method is simple, and cost is low, can guarantee to satisfy the colorize specification requirement under the condition that luminous efficiency and luminosity are not suffered a loss.The preparation method of the macromolecule membrane that high molecule electroluminescent shows adopts simply, technology path cheaply, applies (Spin-coating), printing, spraying, inkjet printing as rotation, realizes the macromolecule narrow emission.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has high molecule electroluminescent device architecture schematic diagram now;
The electroluminescent device structural representation that Fig. 2 the present invention adopts;
The another kind of electroluminescent device structural representation that Fig. 3 the present invention adopts.
The normalization electroluminescent spectrum of the macromolecule narrowband light emitters part that two kinds of macromolecular material blend of MEHPPV that Fig. 4 obtains with Fig. 2 device architecture of the present invention and P-PPV obtain, and the electroluminescent spectrum of single pure MEHPPV (100:0 line), blend molar ratio MEHPPV:P-PPV=4:96, the purer MEHPPV of luminescent spectrum has red shift.The half width FWHM=35nm of blend film device luminescent spectrum, the FWHM=80nm of non-blend device luminescent spectrum.
Three kinds of macromolecular material (MEHPPV that Fig. 5 obtains with Fig. 2 device architecture of the present invention, P-PPV and PF) the normalization electroluminescent spectrum of blend narrowband light emitters part, blend molar ratio MEHPPV:P-PPV:PF=4:48:48, the purer MEHPPV of luminescent spectrum has red shift.The half width FWHM=38nm of blend film device luminescent spectrum, the FWHM=80nm of non-blend device luminescent spectrum.
The normalization electroluminescent spectrum of the macromolecule narrowband light emitters part that Fig. 6 obtains with Fig. 3 device architecture of the present invention, the purer MEHPPV of three-decker device luminescent spectrum has red shift, half width FWHM=32nm.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, adopt single luminescent layer, contain the device of two or more luminous high polymer material blend, obtain the photoluminescent band that narrows.
As shown in Figure 3, adopt the layer high molecule luminescent layer, every layer of device that is made of different macromolecular materials obtains the photoluminescent band that narrows.
Present embodiment is showed the luminescent device of the luminescence spectrum that narrows of two kinds of structure types: the luminous high polymer sandwich construction of luminous high polymer blending structure and every layer of single molecule.
Embodiment 1:
One of execution mode that the present invention is best is to adopt the ITO transparent conducting glass as substrate, prepares PEDOT (polyaniline derivative) hole transmission layer (thickness 70nm) with the rotation painting method, and heating is 70 ℃ in vacuum drying oven, 2 hours.Select high-luminous-efficiency, and has a macromolecular material blend by a certain percentage (molecular structural formula is seen Fig. 7) of red (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives MEHPPV) and green (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives P-PPV) glow color of hole transport ability, the mole mixture ratio example is MEHPPV:P-PPV=4:96, to mix macromolecular material is dissolved in the toluene solvant, solution concentration 1mol/ml makes the homogeneous film that thickness is 70-100nm with spin coating method on the PEDOT film.The metal electrode of vacuum evaporation low work function on blend luminous high polymer film (two kinds of metals of Ca-4nm/Al-200nm).Finish on the film preparation basis, the enclosure made from the glass plate corrosion film of obturaging, purpose is an air-isolation, makes macromolecule not contact oxygen with metallic film material in air, and is not oxidized, prolongs the useful life of device.Under nitrogen or argon gas atmosphere, between metal electrode and ITO electrode (positive pole), apply voltage (3-5 volt), can obtain the arrowband (emitting red light (as Fig. 4) of the MEHPPV of FWHM＜50nm) from ITO electrode side.
Embodiment 2:
Two of the execution mode that the present invention is best is to adopt the ITO transparent conducting glass as substrate, prepares PEDOT (polyaniline derivative) hole transmission layer (thickness 70nm) with the rotation painting method, and heating is 70 ℃ in vacuum drying oven, 2 hours.Select high-luminous-efficiency, and has a macromolecular material (molecular structural formula is seen Fig. 7) of red (the poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives MEHPPV) of hole transport ability, green (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives P-PPV) and blue (poly-fluorenes PF) glow color, macromolecular material is blend by a certain percentage, mole mixture ratio example MEHPPV:P-PPV:PF=4:48:48, to mix macromolecular material is dissolved in the toluene solvant, solution concentration 1mol/ml makes the even blend macromolecule membrane that thickness is 70-100nm with spin coating method on the PEDOT film.Metal electrode (two kinds of metals of Ca-4nm/Al-200nm) at this vacuum evaporation low work function above blend luminous high polymer film.Finish on the film preparation basis, the enclosure made from the glass plate corrosion film of obturaging, purpose is an air-isolation, makes macromolecule not contact oxygen with metallic film material in air, and is not oxidized, prolongs the useful life of device.Under nitrogen or argon gas atmosphere, between metal electrode and ITO electrode (positive pole), apply voltage (3-5 volt), can obtain the arrowband (emitting red light (as Fig. 5) of the MEHPPV of FWHM＜50nm) from ITO electrode side.
Red illuminating material poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives (MEHPPV), the molecular structural formula of the poly-fluorene derivative (PF) of green luminescent material poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives (P-PPV) and blue emitting material is as follows:
Embodiment 3:
Three of the execution mode that the present invention is best is to adopt the ITO transparent conducting glass as substrate, prepares PEDOT (polyaniline derivative) hole transmission layer (thickness 70nm) with the rotation painting method, and heating is 70 ℃ in vacuum drying oven, 2 hours.Select high-luminous-efficiency, and red (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives: MEHPPV), green (poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives: P-PPV) and blue (poly-fluorenes: the PF) macromolecular material of glow color with hole transport ability, MEHPPV, P-PPV and PF are dissolved in the toluene solvant, make 0.5mol/ml respectively, the toluene solution of 1mol/ml and 2mol/ml prepares this three kinds of macromolecule homogeneous films respectively with the rotation painting method.On the PEDOT macromolecule membrane, make single green (P-PPV) light-emitting film (thickness 60nm), single redness (MEH-PPV) light-emitting film (thickness 50nm) and single blueness (PF) light-emitting film (thickness 60nm) successively, the metal electrode of vacuum evaporation low work function on the blue-light-emitting macromolecule membrane (two kinds of metals of Ca-4nm/Al-200nm).Finish on the film preparation basis, the enclosure made from the glass plate corrosion film of obturaging, purpose is an air-isolation, makes macromolecule not contact oxygen with metallic film material in air, and is not oxidized, prolongs the useful life of device.Under nitrogen or argon gas atmosphere, between metal electrode and ITO electrode (positive pole), apply voltage (3-5 volt), can obtain the arrowband (emitting red light (as Fig. 6) of the MEHPPV of FWHM＜50nm) from ITO electrode side.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of emission band half width FWHM is less than the electroluminescent device of 50nm, mainly stacked gradually by transparent electrode layer, hole transmission layer, luminescent layer, metal electrode layer to constitute; Described metal electrode layer is lithium metal, boron, sodium, calcium, magnesium, beryllium, barium, potassium, aluminium, gold or silver-colored, or the oxide of above-mentioned metal, or the alloy of two or more above-mentioned metals; Described hole transmission layer is polyaniline, polythiophene, poly-than coughing up or p-phenylene vinylene's film; Described luminescent layer be by different macromolecules constitute two-layer or two-layer with upper film, wherein each layer adopts the macromolecule of single component, perhaps described luminescent layer is several polymer blended thin films; Described transparent electrode layer is metallic aluminium, gold or silver-colored, or the oxide of aluminium, the gold oxide, silver oxide;
The macromolecule of described luminescent layer is conjugation or the non-conjugated system that comprises phenyl ring and heterocycle structure;
It is characterized in that described several polymer blended thin film by poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives P-PPV and poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives MEH-PPV by poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives P-PPV: the blend of poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives MEH-PPV=96:4 weight ratio obtains;
Poly-fluorene derivative PF is stacked constitutes by green light material poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives P-PPV, red light material poly (p phenylene vinylene) derivatives MEH-PPV, blue light material for described two-layer or two-layer luminescent layer with upper film.
2, the preparation method of the electroluminescent device of high color purity according to claim 1 is characterized in that preparing successively hole transport layer material, luminescent layer, metal electrode layer on transparent electrode layer.
3, claim 1 or 2 described luminescent layers are preparation methods of the electroluminescent device of several polymer blended thin films, comprise the steps:
1) on transparency conductive electrode substrate (2), prepares transparency electrode modification or hole transport or hole with rotation coating, printing or spraying method and inject macromolecule layer (3);
2) with rotation coating, printing or spraying method preparation two kinds of polymer blended luminescent layers (4); 3) prepare metal level (1) with vacuum evaporation or sputtering method.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5807627A (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1998-09-15 | Cambridge Display Technologies Ltd. | Electroluminescent devices |
| WO2002084758A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-24 | Cambridge University Technical Services Ltd | Opoelectronic devices and a method for producing the same |
| CN1434670A (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2003-08-06 | 华南理工大学 | Electroluminscence multi-color displayed high-molecular film and preparation method thereof |
| US6605904B2 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2003-08-12 | University Of Rochester | Tunable multicolor electroluminescent device |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5807627A (en) * | 1992-07-27 | 1998-09-15 | Cambridge Display Technologies Ltd. | Electroluminescent devices |
| US6605904B2 (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2003-08-12 | University Of Rochester | Tunable multicolor electroluminescent device |
| WO2002084758A1 (en) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-24 | Cambridge University Technical Services Ltd | Opoelectronic devices and a method for producing the same |
| CN1434670A (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2003-08-06 | 华南理工大学 | Electroluminscence multi-color displayed high-molecular film and preparation method thereof |
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