CN100446735C - 辐射器 - Google Patents

辐射器 Download PDF

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CN100446735C
CN100446735C CNB200510073890XA CN200510073890A CN100446735C CN 100446735 C CN100446735 C CN 100446735C CN B200510073890X A CNB200510073890X A CN B200510073890XA CN 200510073890 A CN200510073890 A CN 200510073890A CN 100446735 C CN100446735 C CN 100446735C
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insulant
antenna
irradiator
radiation
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CN1714763A (zh
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尼格尔·克罗宁
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Microsulis Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/02—Radiation therapy using microwaves
    • A61N5/04—Radiators for near-field treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
    • A61B2018/00577—Ablation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/18—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves
    • A61B18/1815—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves
    • A61B2018/1861—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by applying electromagnetic radiation, e.g. microwaves using microwaves with an instrument inserted into a body lumen or cavity, e.g. a catheter

Abstract

本发明涉及微波辐射器，特别是涉及微波烧蚀装置。本装置可插入活体从而以预定的工作频率处理生物细胞。所述辐射器包括在其尖端的单极天线，以及围绕天线并伸向天线之外的绝缘体；其特征在于，所述绝缘材料终止于圆形尖端部分，适于作为具有所述预定工作频率的谐振器，从而可以增强辐射在向前方向上的传输。

Description

辐射器
本申请是密克罗苏利斯公司于2000年2月25日提交的、申请号为00806044.4(国际申请号：PCT/GB00/00682)、发明名称为辐射器的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及微波辐射器，特别是涉及微波烧蚀装置。
背景技术
用于微波烧蚀组织的一种已知的辐射器包括一个与一根细长的波导管有效耦合的微波发生器，以传送微波到烧蚀部位。波导管足够细，可插入体内，并有一个绝缘材料的核，能通过波导管有效传输微波。在波导管的发射端，绝缘核可伸出，为耦合微波进入周围组织提供一个辐射尖点。发明人的目的是提供一种改进的辐射器。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，本发明在于提供一种可插入活体从而以预定的工作频率处理生物细胞的细长装置。这种装置在其尖端有一单极天线，还有一围绕天线并延伸过天线的绝缘体，其特征在于，所述绝缘材料终止于圆形尖端部分，适于作为具有所述预定工作频率的谐振器并增强辐射在向前方向上的传输。
优选情况下，所述尖端部分基本上是半球形的，其半径基本上等于辐射在绝缘材料中波长的一半。
辐射器还可以包括同轴的导体(优选情况下包有绝缘材料)，该辐射器从辐射发生器中向所述天线提供射线。优选情况下，所述天线在其同轴导体远端还包括一段中心导体裸露在外。优选情况下，作为天线的所述中心导体外露长度基本上是绝缘材料中辐射波长的一半。所述同轴导体可以是刚性的或者柔软的电缆。
优选情况下，所述绝缘材料具有绝缘常数，或者相对电容率，从而使天线的长度有所减小。有利地，可以在所述同轴导体和所述绝缘材料之间使用变压器，以降低从同轴导体与绝缘体之间边界返回进入同轴导体的辐射的反射。有利的是，这种变压器可包含一空间，供包裹同轴导体的绝缘材料膨胀时占用。
附图说明
通过考虑下面对本发明实施例的描述，本发明改进的优点和特点对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的；实施例将通过例子、并参照附图来描述。在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的辐射器的第一个实施例；
图2示出了辐射器的第一个实施例尖端部分的细节；
图3示出了所述辐射器尖端部分的第二个实施例，其尖端部分连着一个变压器；
具体实施方式
图1表示辐射器系统100的总布局。辐射发生器110，即微波发生器，产生辐射，被耦合进同轴电缆120，输送辐射到一个远端区130，那里有一天线，用于把辐射发射进远端130周围的物质。在使用中，同轴电缆120插进活体，远端130放在希望受到辐射的区域附近。例如，这个装置可插入动脉，照射动脉壁上的病变，也可插入子宫，照射子宫内膜。辐射的供给由控制装置140控制；它常常有一脚踏开关，用于控制微波发生器开始、调整和停止向远端130供应辐射。
图2表示图1所示辐射器尖端区130的细节。这个尖端区，总的标为200，示出由外导体210和与之相隔的芯导体220构成的同轴电缆的远端。导体210与导体220之间充填绝缘材料230。用于发射同轴电缆所输送辐射的天线包括一段同轴电缆芯导体240，延伸到同轴电缆远端外导体之外。为了提高天线240的发射质量，供作天线的芯导体的长度最好等于辐射在绝缘体中波长的大约一半。天线240用绝缘体250包裹，在此绝缘体中，所用辐射的波长被降至其自由空间值以下，因而能使供作天线的那段裸露的芯导体240比别的方法可能实现的短。为了提高天线向前进方向的辐射，绝缘体250，除了有一个包裹那段裸露芯导体240的圆柱形部分260外，还有一半球形部分270，承受天线辐射沿箭头280和290所示前进方向的部分内反射。这个半球形部分270使用一种尺寸，以致提供一个谐振器，进一步提高绝缘体250沿前进方向的辐射。绝缘体250内部部分反射的辐射的谐振可受到比如半球形部分270的尺寸的助长，如果其半径近似等于所用辐射的一半波长的话。将会知道，绝缘体可以有其他尺寸和形状，只要它们可以借助内反射和/或谐振助长辐射向前传播。
当这个装置被用于子宫内膜烧蚀时，使用频率约9.2GHz的辐射是合乎需要的。在自由空间，这种辐射的波长约为32mm。例如，使用介电常数ηR＝25的材料可使波长减至6mm。相应地，绝缘体的直径和总长度也大约为6mm。
图3表示辐射器装置尖端部分的另一个实施例，总体标为300。这里，为了降低来自同轴电缆的辐射在同轴电缆与绝缘体之间的反射，一个变压器310被加在同轴电缆与绝缘体之间。变压器310包括几个圆柱形部分(如三个，320、330、340)，半径向绝缘体依次增大。这样，有利的是，至少变压器邻接同轴电缆的部分320不包含固体充填材料。其好处在于，当受热时，如在制造或使用时，充填同轴电缆芯导体与外导体之间空间的绝缘材料不会膨胀到变压器中，因而减轻了在其他方面的有害压力。
由图2和图3所示辐射器产生的近场辐射从天线240延伸出来的距离，可用公式2L2/λ确定；式中，L是天线的裸露长度，λ是辐射在绝缘体250中的波长。L的优选值是λ/2，这样近场辐射就被限制在天线周围一个半径为λ/2的区域内。所以，使用中近场辐射不会波及更多的围绕辐射器的高损耗生物物质，从而可减小或避免由此造成的局部烧焦的有害效应，以及辐射穿透力的降低。相反，微波功率被发射到远场增加了穿透性和功率转换。
显然，图2和图3所示实施例也可被改造成图5和图6所示那样，加进一个或几个具有不同介电常数的外层，外层要有半球形尖端的形状。
具有适当高介电常数的绝缘材料包括电容率100的TiO2和电容率155的CaTiO2之类材料。这些绝缘材料适合用于制造内核360，以减小其直径。外层370可以用电容率在内核与生物物质之间的TiO2和AlO2的混合物制造。具有更高电容率的材料也可以使用，如铁电体材料；一个例子是Ba1-xSrxTiO3(BST)，它的电容率约为600。
因此，通过适当选择绝缘材料，有可能制造尖端直径3-6mm、可以用于腹腔镜检查的辐射器，也有可能制造尖端直径甚至小于3mm、允许作经由皮肤治疗的辐射器。
根据本发明制造的微波辐射器，还可以用于测量经由同轴导体从尖端发射回来的辐射，测定生物物质的介电常数。

Claims (6)

1、一种可插入活体从而以预定的工作频率处理生物细胞的细长微波辐射器，所述辐射器包括在其尖端的单极天线(240)，以及围绕天线并伸向天线之外的绝缘材料，所述绝缘材料终止于圆形尖端部分(270)，其特征在于，(a)所述绝缘材料的尺寸和介电特性；(b)所述天线的尺寸；以及(c)所述天线在所述绝缘材料内的轴向位置使得所述绝缘材料作为具有所述预定工作频率的谐振器，从而可以增强辐射在向前方向上的传输。
2、根据权利要求1所述的辐射器，其中，所述尖端部分(270)是半球形的。
3、根据权利要求2所述的辐射器，其中，所述尖端部分的半径等于在绝缘材料中辐射的波长的一半。
4、根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的辐射器，其中，所述天线(240)的裸露长度L等于在所述预定工作频率下在所述绝缘材料中的辐射的波长的一半。
5、根据权利要求4所述的辐射器，其中，绝缘材料(250)包括一呈圆柱形的部分，天线(240)在其中心轴向延伸所述裸露长度L。
6、根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的辐射器，其中，所述绝缘材料(250)相对于所述天线(240)的径向尺寸等于在预定工作频率下、在所述绝缘材料中的辐射的波长的一半。
CNB200510073890XA 1999-02-25 2000-02-25 辐射器 Expired - Fee Related CN100446735C (zh)

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