CN100390779C - Digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system - Google Patents
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- CN100390779C CN100390779C CNB2005100513450A CN200510051345A CN100390779C CN 100390779 C CN100390779 C CN 100390779C CN B2005100513450 A CNB2005100513450 A CN B2005100513450A CN 200510051345 A CN200510051345 A CN 200510051345A CN 100390779 C CN100390779 C CN 100390779C
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Abstract
A digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system used for transferring the external power to load, includes: a measuring unit for measuring the status information of the individual unit included in the switch apparatus system; an environment setting unit for building the operating environment of the individual unit included in the switch apparatus system; a power quality analysis unit for analyzing the power status information of the switch apparatus system by using the measure data measured by the measuring unit; a power automatic device for storing the measure data measured by the measuring unit, and managing the individual operation of the measuring unit, the power quality analysis unit and the environment setting unit; and a digital diagrammatic view unit connected to the power automatic device for representing the power status information of the switch apparatus system by diagram.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of switchgear (switchgear) system, relate in particular to a kind of like this digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system, it allows numeral diagram terminal device to show the mode of operation that is contained in the individual device in the switch apparatus system, and can use touch-screen to control this mode of operation, thereby make it can allow beginner's this switch apparatus system of operation and maintenance easily.
Background technology
Typically; switch apparatus system is a kind ofly can provide the little power supply unit to middle scale (small-to-medium-size) of essential power for the building place such as the various required powers of school or factory by extra-high pressure being changed into low-voltage; it generally includes transformer, Optimizing operation controller and power monitoring controller etc.; and not only be designed to protection against the tide and prevent, and be configured easily from outside reception foreign matter.
Above-mentioned switch apparatus system comprises the various assemblies that are positioned at single shell (enclosure), for example, be used for changing extra-high pressure into the transformer of low-voltage, the automatic switch that is used to switch the extra-high pressure inlet wire, power fuse, instrument current transformer, circuit-breaker and molded package (molded-case) circuit-breaker.Under this situation, said modules is with the arranged in form of multi-layer configuration, so that above-mentioned multi-layer configuration is comprised in the single shell.Above-mentioned switch apparatus system also comprises the low voltage control panel.This low voltage control panel comprises various measuring systems and the switchgear that can select/show various functions (for example, with related electrical specifications such as switch apparatus system, switchgear environment, system's historical information, index management information and standard management information).
Yet, the configuration complexity and the operation manual that are contained in above-mentioned switchgear within the low voltage control panel of traditional switch apparatus system and measuring system are miscellaneous so that general user (with the keeper who is skilled in technique comparatively speaking) can not easily operate above-mentioned switchgear and measuring system.Especially, the various measuring equipments that can carry out the analog or digital Presentation Function are used to select/control the switchgear of relevant device to be set at above-mentioned control panel widely with a plurality of, so just professional knowledge that need be related with the method for operating of above-mentioned switch apparatus system has caused necessity of the additional keeper of increase switch apparatus system.
Recently, along with the continuous development of the long-range inspection method that is used for digital relay and digital electric meter, can find out at an easy rate that heavy electrical equipment is by digitizing promptly.Similar to heavy electrical equipment, switch apparatus system designs according to modeling scheme at first, therefore all operations of switch apparatus system is all by manually finishing, and still, the system integration, digitizing and electronics transformation have had development rapidly till now from middle 1990s.Therefore, include microprocessor in the switch apparatus system in modern times, therefore, in switch apparatus system, lot of data is handled by microprocessor at present.
Along with the continuous development of computer technology, data-storage system has comprised a large amount of variously can not like this, be made above-mentioned data to be grouped and to classify by people's recognition data.The information visualization that uses in above-mentioned data-storage system is considered to the new technology that can allow the user to understand effectively and analyze mass data.
Along with illustrated scheme is introduced into the display board that uses in switch apparatus system, it can expect in the growth aspect the educational effect.Although can allow the user easily to discern and the above-mentioned technology of shared necessary information is very important, but the most switch apparatus system of making at home only can visually show the measured value of being measured by various measuring equipments recently, therefore, they can not carry out the visual of above-mentioned information.
Opposite with above-mentioned situation, most of little switch apparatus system to middle scale (being also referred to as little subscriber switch device systems to middle scale) does not have the site administrator.Even above-mentioned have on-the-spot keeper for a short time to medium scale switch apparatus system, but most of site administrator is actually the beginner of the electrical equipment special knowledge that does not have the professional knowledge relevant with electrical equipment or have low level.Because above-mentioned, many switch apparatus system that develop are recently little by little specialized in and had more instructions, feasible so on-the-spot keeper beyonds one's depth and obtains effective knowledge and information.
Various device is integrated in the switch apparatus system.Particularly, transformer has a plurality of dangerous assemblies that cause accident owing to overload, the rising of temperature or the damage of insulating material etc.Before accident takes place, analyze in advance and predict that above-mentioned dangerous assembly is very important.But, using traditional switch apparatus system, the site administrator is difficult to easily discern/control emergency circumstances.Therefore, increased the possibility of accident rate.
The present invention can be in real time, the power condition and the integrated information of display switch device systems effectively, and can realize the visual of a large amount of measurement data information relevant with switch apparatus system, to prevent the generation of accident.The visual of above-mentioned information is essential for Admin Administration and operating switch device systems.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the objective of the invention is to overcome the problems referred to above, target of the present invention is to provide a kind of like this digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system, it can use the management of numeral diagram environmental treatment little to required five cardinal indexs of medium scale switch apparatus system (being also referred to as the little medium scale client's switch apparatus system that arrives) (just, the line quality exponential sum composite quality index of occurrence index, output attenuatoin index, power condition index, switchgear), make it can show above-mentioned five cardinal indexs visually.
Another one target of the present invention provides a kind of by utilizing digital graphic technique, go up to show the digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system of the various data that are associated with switch apparatus system at watch-dog (for example touch-screen), thereby brings great convenience to the user.
According to the present invention, above-mentioned and other target realizes by a kind of digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system that is used for external power is transferred to load, this system comprises: measuring unit is used for measuring the status information of each unit that is contained in described switch apparatus system; Environment is provided with the unit, is used for setting up the operating environment of each unit that is contained in described switch apparatus system; The power quality analytic unit, the measurement data that is used to utilize described measuring unit to measure is analyzed the power supply state information of described switch apparatus system; Power aut.eq. (power robot) is used to store the measurement data that is measured by described measuring unit and manages each operation that described measuring unit, described power quality analytic unit and described environment are provided with the unit; And numeral diagram terminal unit, it is connected to described power aut.eq., and goes out the power supply state information of described switch apparatus system with diagrammatic representation.Wherein, described power aut.eq. comprises: operating system (OS) is used to operate described power aut.eq.; The system environments manager, the information that is used to store a plurality of unit that are connected with described power aut.eq., and the operating environment of managing each unit; Storer is used to store the real-time information that described measuring unit is collected, and stores the information that described power aut.eq. is used; Radio frequency (RF) unit is used to allow each unit of described power aut.eq. and described switch apparatus system to communicate; Device handler is used to manage the operation of described measuring unit; Data CPU (central processing unit) (CPU) is used to analyze collected data; The data log record unit is used to write down the log information with the operative association of described switch apparatus system; File manager is used for the information of managed storage at the All Files of described power aut.eq.; And I/O (I/O) processor, be used to manage the data transmission/reception of described power aut.eq..
Description of drawings
After being described in detail with reference to corresponding accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other target, feature and other useful effect of the present invention will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of describing according to the described digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system of the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the block scheme of the power aut.eq. shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 a is the exemplary screen image that is presented on the numeral diagram terminal unit of the present invention to 3h;
Fig. 4 is the block scheme of the measuring unit shown in Fig. 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b are the process flow diagrams that the system environments of description power aut.eq. of the present invention is provided with task;
Fig. 6 is a process flow diagram of describing the information gathering task of power aut.eq. of the present invention; And
The process flow diagram of Fig. 7 shows a kind of method of utilizing power quality analytic unit parameter of the present invention.
Embodiment
Now, with reference to appended accompanying drawing the preferred embodiments of the invention are described in detail.In the accompanying drawings, same or analogous element is expressed as same reference number, even if they are to appear in the different accompanying drawings.In the following description, combination herein will be omitted when it makes that theme of the present invention is unclear being described in detail in of known function and configuration.
Fig. 1 is the block scheme of describing according to the digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system of the preferred embodiments of the invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system according to the present invention comprises that power aut.eq. (power robot) 100, numeral diagram terminal unit 200, power quality analytic unit 300, measuring unit 400, environment are provided with unit 500 and as radio frequency (RF) unit 600 of wireless communication unit.
The various functions that power aut.eq. 100 is used to represent to finish digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system (for example, the function of measurement data storage, the function of using the power quality analytical algorithm to operate, the function of casualty data management, the function of crash analysis data supply and the function of event handling) operatorless system.Power aut.eq. 100 can couple together above-mentioned measuring unit and numeral diagram terminal unit and power quality analytic unit, and can store and all information that the bookkeeping switch apparatus system is required.
Fig. 2 is a block scheme of describing the power aut.eq. shown in Fig. 1 according to the present invention.With reference to Fig. 2, power aut.eq. 100 comprises operating system (OS) 110, system environments manager 120, storer 130, communication unit 140, device handler 150, data CPU (central processing unit) (CPU) 160, data log record unit 170, file manager 180 and I/O (I/O) processor 190.
OS 110 is suitable for operand power aut.eq. 100.According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, thus OS110 can by utilize Embedded Linux as basic OS can 1 year 365 days, Di stablize executive system at 24 o'clock and operate every day.
The information of other of the equipment of various measuring equipment information of system environments manager 120 management (for example, the method and the input and output client information of device category, device number number, port numbers, switching manipulation) and touch-screen and peripheral interworking.
All relevant log content of data log record unit 170 executive loggings and major function (for example, the value of setting of digital measurement unit changes function, system operation function and system control function etc.).
The information of the All Files of file manager 180 managed storage in power aut.eq. 100.
I/O processor 190 management input journal information, file transfer/reception information and environment configuration information etc., these information can be used jointly with power aut.eq. 100.
Numeral diagram terminal unit 200 is analyzed a large amount of numerical datas of switch apparatus system effectively, and the result who analyzes by digital diagramatic technology utilization realizes the visual of information.Numeral diagram terminal unit 200 is integrated into a plurality of display units of measuring unit in the single display device, thereby can be via touch-screen to its operation and can easily manage its power.
Numeral diagram terminal unit 200 comprises that self diagnosis demonstration, routine operation demonstration, metrical information demonstration, switching manipulation demonstration, power condition demonstration, information of forecasting demonstration, standard management demonstration and environmental information show.
Numeral diagram terminal unit 200 comprises self check display, routine operation display, metrical information display, switching manipulation display, power condition display, information of forecasting display, standard management display and environmental information display.
Fig. 3 a is an exemplary screen image of describing the show state of self diagnosis display.With reference to Fig. 3 a, this self diagnosis display has been represented the various information of switch apparatus system, for example, wiring diagram information, operational status information, overall quality information, fire (fire) index information, power condition information, output attenuatoin information and line quality information.And the self diagnosis display has shown the three-dimensional cross-sectional view strength of switch apparatus system.
What Fig. 3 b described is the exemplary screen image of the show state of routine operation display.With reference to Fig. 3 b, the routine operation display shows various routine operation information according to numeral and modeling scheme, for example, voltage, electric current, power factor and power etc., and diagram ground has shown the measured value in each stage.
What Fig. 3 c described is the exemplary screen image of the show state of metrical information display.With reference to Fig. 3 c, this metrical information display has shown the measurement screen of digital measurement unit, and it can measure the user at this and freely selects required information on screen, and makes the mode of operation that the user can discriminating digit equipment.
Fig. 3 d is the exemplary screen image that demonstrates the switching manipulation display.With reference to Fig. 3 d, this switching manipulation display has shown the layout and the operational status information of the basic switch that is used to carry out switching manipulation, and allows the user to select maximum demanded power peak control mode or power factor controlling pattern.
Fig. 3 e has shown the exemplary screen image of the show state of power condition display.With reference to Fig. 3 e, this power condition display has shown composite quality index, occurrence index, power condition index, output attenuatoin exponential sum line quality index with the form of index, makes it can represent the comprehensive state information of switch apparatus system like this.
Fig. 3 f has described the exemplary screen image of the show state of information of forecasting display.With reference to Fig. 3 f, this information of forecasting display can be predicted the information of wanting future of obtaining based on the data of the former or current collection of a plurality of assemblies, for example, spendable power, electric current, applied power, unbalance factor (unbalance ratio), power factor, transformer temperature, 15 minutes demands (15-minutesdemand) and load factor.Use the information of above-mentioned prediction, operator or keeper can predict situation in the future and can stably operate this switch apparatus system by the mode of operation of predicting this switch apparatus system.
What Fig. 3 g described is the exemplary screen image of the show state of standard management display.With reference to Fig. 3 g, the administration display of this standard has been set up related with the power parameter conventional management desired value that withdraws from.If measured value is higher than the reference range of being represented by the conventional management desired value, then the standard management display shows three grades of (three-stage) warning messages.
Fig. 3 h has described the exemplary screen image that environment is provided with the show state of display.With reference to Fig. 3 h, environment is provided with display and has shown network setup information, warning configuration information, concise and to the point condition information, screen/sound control information, analog information, A/S (after sale service) information and A/S configuration information.
As Fig. 3 a can see in the 3h, switch apparatus system according to the present invention is collected various power parameters, for example based on the network operation parameter of Web (World Wide Web), (pre-learned) operating parameter of Huo Deing in advance, the integrated operating parameter of instrument, instrument visualized operation parameter, predicted operation parameter based on sequential (time-series) scheme, have the unattended parameter of computer property (cyber-character) and harmonic measure parameter etc., it just can use the power quality analytical technology like this, the index technology, come execution environment setting function expediently based on computer A/S network application and MMI technology that automatic A/S uses.
Power quality analytic unit 300 is used for the system that expression can be analyzed real-time monitor message (its represented obtain from the various information that measured by measuring unit power quality related information), and storage, analyzes and manage the required information of all safe operations.Under this situation, comprise voltage, electric current, power factor, unbalance factor, peak value, effective and invalid performance number, load factor, frequency and temperature etc. with the real-time monitor message of power quality related information equivalence.
Power quality analytic unit 300 comprises the power monitoring unit that is used for real-time monitoring/control voltage, electric current, power factor, unbalance factor, peak value, effective and invalid performance number, load factor, frequency and temperature etc.; Be used to monitor the electric leakage monitoring unit of the leakage current of each passage (channel); The harmonic wave monitoring unit that is used for monitoring accident shape information (for example, instantaneous power fault (SAIDI) or superpotential etc.); Be used to analyze the data-analyzing machine of digital measurement information, leakage current information and accident shape information; Be used for store/manage manages required peak power information to target power value peak value manager; The switch manager that is used for the switching manipulation information of management switch device systems; Be used to use the index analysis device of above-mentioned power quality analytic unit analysis index information; Be used to show the alarm manager of also synthetically managing this event information from the event information of switch apparatus system generation; And be used to manage report manager every day, weekly, every month and report every year.
Environment is provided with unit 500 and comprises that the power aut.eq. that is used for setting up communication pattern between above-mentioned power aut.eq. and environment setting program is provided with the unit; The user who is used to set up (for example, the user ID or the password etc.) of user's authority is provided with the unit; The equipment that is used to set up port, ID and the passage of digital measurement unit is provided with the unit; Be used for setting up the switch that switch is provided with function the unit is set according to the formatted message of above-mentioned switch apparatus system; The measuring unit value that is used to import or changes the value of setting of above-mentioned digital measurement unit is provided with the unit; Be used to set up the standard management value and the unit be set with the standard management value of setting up the exponential quantity in the alarm range; And be used for setting up and the unit be set based on the power monitoring service of Web (World Wide Web) and the power monitoring based on World Wide Web of related information.
Fig. 4 is the block scheme of describing according to the measuring unit that shows in Fig. 1 of the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 4, measuring unit 400 comprises a plurality of measuring equipments of the various measured values (for example, voltage, electric current, power factor, peak value, unbalance factor, load factor, reactance capacity, useful power, temperature, frequency and alarm condition etc.) that are used for measure field equipment; Be used to measure the electric leakage-current alarm unit of leakage current, be used to measure the power capture unit of current waveform information; And the I/O contact point monitoring unit that is used to monitor the status information of each passage.
According to the operation of digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system of the present invention will reference will be made to the accompanying drawings hereinafter.
Fig. 5 a and Fig. 5 b are the process flow diagrams of describing the task that is provided with according to the system environments of power aut.eq. of the present invention.
With reference to Fig. 5 a～5b, in step S110, above-mentioned power aut.eq. is checked the foundation of peripheral environment with the realization environment, and realizes the environment setting of this power aut.eq. at step S200.The processing procedure that the power aut.eq. is set up comprises power aut.eq. network information setting up procedure and power aut.eq. date storage method setting up procedure etc.
If do not finish the environment setting up procedure of power aut.eq. at step S210, in step S220, the processing procedure that this power aut.eq. check and the above-mentioned environment of resetting are provided with.Otherwise if finished the environment set handling process of power aut.eq. at step S210, then the power aut.eq. is set up user's information in step S300.
When setting up user's information, the power aut.eq. is set up keeper ID and password, and sets up common user ID and password.
If do not finish user's information setting processing procedure at step S310, power aut.eq. this user's information of in step S320, resetting then.If finished the processing procedure of user's information setting, above-mentioned power aut.eq. apparatus for establishing historical information in step S400 at step S310.
In the middle of the historical processing procedure that is provided with of the said equipment, the power aut.eq. is set up each main equipment () historical information for example, transformer and circuit-breaker etc., and determine whether to use the port of power aut.eq. of switch apparatus system.
If in step S410, do not finish the said equipment setting up procedure, power aut.eq. replacement equipment set handling process in step S420 then.If in step S410, finished the said equipment setting up procedure, power aut.eq. combine digital measuring equipment setting up procedure in step S500 then.
In the middle of digital measurement equipment setting up procedure, the power aut.eq. is set up each basic value of intelligentized digital power controller, leakage-current alarm unit and wave capture unit, and sets up alarm level.
If do not finish the setting up procedure of above-mentioned digital measurement unit at step S510, the power aut.eq. above-mentioned digital measurement unit set handling process of in step S520, resetting.Otherwise if finished the setting up procedure of digital measurement unit at step S510, then the power aut.eq. is carried out the switch setting up procedure in step S600.
In the middle of above-mentioned switch setting up procedure, the formative information of power aut.eq. selector switch device systems, and determine whether to use switch or peak value/power factor passage.
If do not finish above-mentioned switch setting up procedure at step S610, then the power aut.eq. is at the step S620 above-mentioned switch of resetting.Otherwise if finished above-mentioned switch setting up procedure at step S610, then the power aut.eq. is set up the standard management value at step S700.
In the middle of standard management value setting up procedure, the power aut.eq. is set up the management value of standard, the benchmarking value and the alarm level of exponential quantity.
If do not finish standard management value set handling in step S710, then the power aut.eq. is in the management value of step S720 replacement standard.Otherwise if finished above-mentioned standard management value setting up procedure in step S710, then the power aut.eq. is in the power monitoring service of step S800 foundation based on World Wide Web.
In the middle of above-mentioned power monitoring service setting up procedure based on World Wide Web, the power aut.eq. is set up communication means and user ID etc.
If do not finish the power monitoring service setting based on World Wide Web in step S810, then the power aut.eq. is in the above-mentioned power monitoring service based on World Wide Web of step S820 replacement.
Fig. 6 has described the process flow diagram according to the information gathering task of power aut.eq. of the present invention.
Power aut.eq. 100 real-time collecting use power quality analytic unit gauge index value and other data, and the result that will calculate are applied in the system operation processing procedure by the various measured values of digital measurement unit measurement on the spot.To the data collection process process of power aut.eq. 100 be described in detail below.
With reference to Fig. 6, power aut.eq. 100 is check digit measuring unit and communication environment before collecting data necessary, and makes up data collection plan.
The power aut.eq. begins to collect power measurement information, contact point status information and harmonic information.If collect above-mentioned power measurement information, contact point status information and harmonic information, then the power aut.eq. with the above-mentioned information stores of collecting in impact damper.Otherwise if do not collect above-mentioned power measurement information, contact point status information and harmonic information, then the power aut.eq. is determined wrong the generation, and with error logging in daily record, and enter into next processing procedure.
The information that is stored in the impact damper is stored in the storer.The information that is stored in the above-mentioned storer is read by data CPU, and is suitable for carrying out the data operational processes.
Fig. 7 is a process flow diagram of describing the method for utilizing power quality analytic unit gauge index of the present invention.
The various metrical information identification switch operational state information that power quality analytic unit 300 uses from the digital measurement unit, power harmonic measure equipment and leakage-current alarm unit produce, power monitoring and quality analysis information, alarm event information and accident shape information etc.And, power quality analytic unit 300 uses the power quality analytical algorithm to represent the information that is identified with exponential form, calculate occurrence index, power condition index, output attenuatoin exponential sum line quality index, and use above-mentioned four Index for Calculation composite quality indexs.
Before calculating above-mentioned index, the power quality analytic unit receives the data from the digital measurement unit, collects the data of above-mentioned reception, with the information stores of above-mentioned collection in storer, and with each Index for Calculation algorithm mutual operation.Above-mentioned power quality analytic unit uses above-mentioned each index of Index for Calculation algorithm computation and the result of calculation value is combined, and makes it can calculate aggregative index like this.
Occurrence index uses leakage current, voltage device (TR) temperature, excess current, open above-mentioned switching system is represented in phase (open-phase) and loose contact with exponential form fire probability of happening.
Power condition index working voltage, load factor, power factor, unbalance load and distortion factor are represented the status information of above-mentioned switching system with exponential form.
Output attenuatoin index working voltage, transformer (TR) loss ratio, transformer (TR) temperature, power factor and unbalance load rate are represented the output attenuatoin degree information of above-mentioned switch apparatus system with exponential form.
The line quality information of above-mentioned switch apparatus system is represented in line quality index working voltage rate of change, SAG/SWELL (decline of voltage rising/voltage), SAIDI (system's average interrupt duration index), distortion factor and unbalance load with exponential form.
To be described in detail above-mentioned index below.
When calculating above-mentioned occurrence index, can use various constituents, for example, leakage current, transformer (TR) temperature, superpotential, open mutually with bad and contact etc.
Under the situation of bad contact, the power analysis unit uses the rising be installed on each temperature sensor identification temperature in mutually.
The power quality analytic unit uses ZCT to measure leakage current.If the leakage current value that is measured to is higher than maximum permissible value, then the power quality analytic unit determines that the probability that fire takes place is 100%.Little of medium scale switch apparatus system (being also referred to as little) reception 22.9kV's to medium scale subscriber switch device systems, the electricity that uses transformer to receive is reduced to low-voltage, for example, 380V or 220V, and provide necessary power to the client, make extra-high pressure like this through above-mentioned switch apparatus system.Under this situation,, will cause danger if come in contact badly in the coupling part of contiguous above-mentioned switch apparatus system.Because bad contact, overheated, short circuit, leakage current and arc discharge may take place with expecting.
It is overheated that loose contact in the terminal can cause, and this overheated can being arrived by temperature sensor measurement.Identical with the mode of leakage current, if temperature sensor receives the temperature that is higher than reference temperature value, the probability that fire takes place is confirmed as 100%.
The overload of domestic distribution transformer takes place to determine that benchmark represented by 130% maximal value of short-term rated voltage.Yet above-mentioned overload takes place to determine that benchmark must consider the short-term overload so that the use effective and economic to transformer to be provided, and must satisfy the preset range that transformer is reduced serviceable life singularly.For example the international norm of IEEE, IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission (I.E.C.)) and JEC (Japanese Electrotechnical Committee) provides different maximum allowable temperatures for every kind of insulating material.Under the situation that the short-term overload continues 1～2 hour, above-mentioned international standard uses different short-term overloads.
The allowable temperature that the present invention is based on TRANSFORMER INSULATING MATERIAL determine above-mentioned transformer unusual consume in serviceable life existence or do not exist.
Transformer is divided into mold type (mold-type) transformer and oil immersion type (oil-type) transformer usually.The oil temperature of the topmost portion of oil immersion type transformer is arrived by sensor measurement, so that the temperature of the hottest point of distribution can arrive based on the temperature prediction that is measured to.Dry type (dry) transformer is installed to sensor in the distribution, thereby can predict the highest distribution temperature.If the above-mentioned distribution temperature that predicts is higher than predetermined permission reference value, then above-mentioned occurrence index is confirmed as 100%.
The overvoltage meeting of above-mentioned power system since a variety of causes take place, for example, thunderbolt, line accident, switching manipulation or switch fault, non-linear/load variations of linear resonance, sudden change and capacitor switch etc.The high voltage that carries on the cable line can produce the dielectric puncture of distribution, causes the circuit scaling loss.Yet said system makes like this that by lightning rod (lighting arrester) protection the superpotential probability of generation is very low.Consider the probability that fire takes place, dielectric breakdown may take place, make superpotential to detect like this by the user of system owing to single transient overvoltage.If superpotential is higher than specified secondary voltage 130%, then the present invention determines that the probability of fire is 100%.
If in three-phase, open the situation of phase, excess current may take place in switch apparatus system, caused the probability that fire takes place to increase.Therefore, this switch apparatus system is split mutually and is surveyed, and uses above-mentioned opening as occurrence index of detecting.If electric current be not applied to arbitrary single-phase in, just can determine to have taken place to open phase.
The present invention has determined the thresholding reference value that is associated with above-mentioned five constituents.If any one in above-mentioned five constituents is higher than corresponding thresholding reference value, the present invention just determines that the probability that fire takes place is very high.The thresholding reference value of single constituent is as shown in table 1 below.
[table 1]
| The data threshold reference value | Leakage current | Loose contact | Transformer | Overvoltage | Open phase |
| Maximum temperature | |||||
| Threshold value | Different leakage current permissible values based on |
80 degree | Different allowable temperatures based on the insulating |
130％ | Phase current=0 in the three-phase current |
Power condition Index for Calculation processing procedure will be described below.
Above-mentioned power condition index is collected voltage, load factor, power factor, unbalance load and distortion factor, different weighted values is imposed on the data that are collected, and represent final result with the form of index.
Based on electrical industry rule (electric industrial law regulations) the 18th section (it has pointed out the electrical quality standard), if being in voltage, transformer secondary output line voltage keeps scope, then can use algorithm to change magnitude of voltage with the form of index.If transformer secondary output line voltage deviation above-mentioned voltage keep scope, then index is confirmed as 0%, has caused minimum index.
Recently represent load factor by comprehensive applied power being divided into the percentage of transformer capacity, the load factor that is calculated uses pre-defined algorithm to express with the form of index.If load factor is higher than 130%, index is confirmed as 0%, has caused minimum index.
(in the country) power-factor of load in the rural area must maintain 90% at least.Kept if be higher than 90% power factor, the user just can not lose the electricity charge, like this, is higher than 90% power factor and is commonly referred to as the reference power factor.
In order to keep the said reference power factor, be installed in each the equipment based on the different capacitors with different electric capacity of " capacitor is installed the electric capacity master meter ".In this case, above-mentioned each capacitor must be switched together in company with above-mentioned each equipment.
Above-mentioned power factor is calculated by above-mentioned power quality analytic unit, and represents with the form of 0～100% index.
Under the situation of unbalance load, the out-of-balance current factor is calculated, and the summation of each phase current relevant with being three times in specified phase current is multiplied by out-of-balance current, thereby calculates unbalance load and use algorithm to show with the form of index.
Use the most equipment of power/electrical equipment to produce harmonic current.Be different from traditional analog switch device systems, nearest switch apparatus system is electrically developed and is digitized, and like this, a large amount of power/electrical equipments is used at present.Harmonic wave is represented the frequency corresponding to the first-harmonic integral multiple, and can use total harmonic distortion (THD) and harmonic wave to comprise the wave mass that rate is represented distortion usually.According to the power supply clause of Korea S power company (KEPCO), the voltage distortion factor relevant with the client who receives electricity from transformer station's (comprising the underground and elevated line less than 66kV) is confirmed as 3%.Therefore, 3% voltage distortion factor is confirmed as threshold value, and uses pre-defined algorithm to be expressed by the form with index.
Above-mentioned power condition index is suitable for notifying effectively and visually user's power condition information basically.Therefore, be different from above-mentioned fire algorithm, although above-mentioned power condition index is higher than pre-determined reference value, precarious position can not determined immediately yet.In more detail, make up five indexes, and different weighted values is imposed on above-mentioned five indexes, make final result represent like this with the form of index according to the importance of uniqueness.
Under the situation of output attenuatoin index, according to the importance of uniqueness different weighted values is imposed on voltage, transformer coefficient of losses, transformer temperature, power factor and unbalance load, thereby express above-mentioned output attenuatoin index with exponential form.
Above-mentioned voltage, transformer temperature, power factor and unbalance load are represented according to the exponential form that is same as above-mentioned occurrence index and power condition exponential manner.Because such as the harmonic wave obstacle of the transformer that results from above-mentioned switch apparatus system, above-mentioned transformer coefficient of losses damages the output characteristics of transformer, and is showed by the form with index.
When above-mentioned transformer produces the power harmonic wave, can eddy generation consume, and the degree of eddy current consume is represented with the form of the K factor.Use this K factor to calculate above-mentioned transformer coefficient of losses, and represent institute's result calculated with exponential form.
Above-mentioned line quality index integrates voltage change ratio, SAG/SWELL, SAIDI, distortion factor and unbalance load, and according to the importance of uniqueness different weighted values is applied among the comprehensive result, and represents final result with the form of index.
Above-mentioned voltage change ratio calculates ceiling voltage and minimum voltage in the magnitude of voltage of a plurality of measurements, calculate the difference between above-mentioned ceiling voltage and the minimum voltage, with the difference of minimum voltage divided by ceiling voltage that is calculated and minimum voltage, represent the difference that calculated with the form of number percent, and represent final result with the form of index.
Under the situation of SAG/SWELL, the increase number of times of the SAG/SWELL that is measured by the wave capture unit is calculated, and the result shows with the form of index.The increase number of times of SAG/SWELL increases function of reset so that can be confirmed as ' 0 '.Above-mentioned SAG represents that reference voltage is lowered to 90% or less than 90% and keep the special status at least 0.5～30 cycles.Above-mentioned SWELL represents that reference voltage is increased to 110% or above and keep the special status in 0.5～30 cycle at least.
SAIDI represents that reference voltage is reduced to 10% or special status following and that keep at least 0.5～180 cycles.The result that the duration of SAIDI is calculated and calculates represents with the form of index.The duration of power transient fault (SAIDI) also increases function of reset so that can be confirmed as ' 0 '.
Utilization can calculate distortion factor and unbalance load with the same method of using in the above-mentioned power condition exponential sum output attenuatoin index.
Above-mentioned digital switch device systems according to the present invention can be carried out e-learning evolution operation, long-range unmanned intelligence operation and intelligence learning control function, and can the Configuration events database, reason that can analysis of failure, can automatically solve above-mentioned fault, can calculate and dope the expense of each electrical equipment, and can carry out the virtual electricity charge and reduce simulation.
Such as top description is apparent, according to digital switch device systems according to the present invention use can carry out the monitoring control function monitor apparatus (for example, touch with etc.) improved the user interface, use five indexes to measure a large amount of measurement data of above-mentioned switch apparatus system in real time, and the data that real-time collecting is measured make it can allow the beginner easily to determine the current state information of above-mentioned switch apparatus system like this.
And, in order to prevent the generation of electrical fire, the present invention has represented fire probability with the form of index, and the present invention represents the transformer output attenuatoin rate degree that caused by harmonic wave, and carries out self-diagnostic function with the information of a large amount of switch apparatus system of effective transmission to user's mode.
Though the preferred embodiments of the invention are disclosed for purposes of illustration, those of ordinary skill in the art will be appreciated that, can do various modifications and variations to the present invention according to the protection domain and the spirit of disclosed respective right requirement here.
Claims (18)
1. digital diagrammatic view switch apparatus system that is used for outside power input is transferred to load comprises:
Measuring unit is used for measuring the status information of each unit that is contained in described switch apparatus system;
Environment is provided with the unit, is used for setting up the operating environment of each unit that is contained in described switch apparatus system;
The power quality analytic unit, the measurement data that is used to utilize described measuring unit to record is analyzed the power supply state information of described switch apparatus system;
The power aut.eq. is used to store the measurement data that is recorded by described measuring unit, and manages each operation that described measuring unit, described power quality analytic unit and described environment are provided with the unit; And
Numeral diagram terminal unit, it is connected to described power aut.eq., and goes out the power supply state information of described switch apparatus system with diagrammatic representation,
Wherein, described power aut.eq. comprises:
Operating system is used to operate described power aut.eq.;
The system environments manager, the information that is used to store a plurality of unit that are connected with described power aut.eq., and the operating environment of managing each unit;
Storer is used to store the real-time information that described measuring unit is collected, and stores the information that described power aut.eq. is used;
Radio frequency unit is used to allow each unit of described power aut.eq. and described switch apparatus system to communicate;
Device handler is used to manage the operation of described measuring unit;
The data CPU (central processing unit) is used to analyze collected data;
The data log record unit is used to write down the log information with the operative association of described switch apparatus system;
File manager is used for the information of managed storage at the All Files of described power aut.eq.; And
The I/O processor is used to manage the data transmission/reception of described power aut.eq..
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described power quality analytic unit comprises:
The power monitoring unit is used for real time monitoring/control voltage, electric current, power factor, unbalance factor, peak value, effective and reactance capacity value, load factor, frequency and temperature;
The electric leakage monitoring unit is used to monitor the leakage current of each passage;
The harmonic wave monitoring unit is used for monitoring accident shape information, and described accident shape information comprises that system's average interrupt continues index or superpotential;
Data-analyzing machine is used to analyze digital measurement information, leakage current information and accident shape information;
The peak value manager is used for store/manage target power value is managed required peak power information;
The switch manager is used to manage the switching manipulation information of described switch apparatus system;
The index analysis device is used to utilize described power quality analytic unit analysis index information;
Alarm manager is used to represent the event information that produced by described switch apparatus system, and synthetically manages described event information; And
Report manager is used to manage every day, weekly, every month and report every year.
3. the system shown in claim 1, wherein, described measuring unit comprises:
A plurality of measuring equipments are used to measure various in-site measurement values, comprise voltage, electric current, power factor, peak value, unbalance factor, load factor, reactance capacity, useful power, temperature, frequency and alarm condition;
The leakage-current alarm unit is used to measure leakage current;
The power capture unit is used to measure current waveform information; And
I/O contact point monitoring unit is used to monitor the status information of each passage.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described environment is provided with the unit and comprises:
The power aut.eq. is provided with the unit, is used for setting up communication pattern between described power aut.eq. and environment setting program;
The user is provided with the unit, is used to set up the mandate to the user;
Equipment is provided with the unit, is used to set up port, ID and the passage of described measuring unit;
Switch is provided with the unit, is used for setting up switch according to the formatted message of described switch apparatus system function is set;
The measuring unit value is provided with the unit, is used to import or change the value of setting of described measuring unit;
The standard management value is provided with the unit, is used to the management value of the standard of setting up, and is based upon the exponential quantity in the alarm range; And
Power monitoring based on World Wide Web is provided with the unit, is used to set up power monitoring service and relevant information based on World Wide Web.
5. as any described system in the claim 1 to 4, wherein, described numeral diagram terminal unit comprises self diagnosis display, routine operation display, metrical information display, switching manipulation display, power condition display, information of forecasting display, standard management display and environmental information display.
6. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described self diagnosis display indicates the various information of described switch apparatus system, comprising: distribution chart-information, operational status information, overall quality information, occurrence index information, power condition information, output attenuatoin information and line quality information.
7. system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described occurrence index information by leakage current, transformer temperature, superpotential, open mutually with bad the contact in one or multinomial calculating.
8. system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described power condition information is by one in voltage, load factor, power factor, unbalance load and the distortion factor or multinomial calculating.
9. system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described output attenuatoin information is by one in voltage, transformer coefficient of losses, transformer temperature, power factor and the unbalance load rate or multinomial calculating.
10. system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described line quality information continues one or multinomial calculating in index, distortion factor and the unbalance load by voltage change ratio, SAG/SWELL, system's average interrupt.
11. system as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described overall quality information calculates by described occurrence index information, described power condition information, described output attenuatoin information and described line quality information.
12. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, voltage, electric current, power factor and the power of described routine operation display display digit and analogue value form.
13. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described metrical information display shows the measurement screen of described measuring unit, and allows the user freely to select required information in described measurement screen.
14. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described switching manipulation display shows the layout and the operational status information of the basic switch that is used to carry out switching manipulation, and allow the user to select maximum demanded power control model or power factor controlling pattern, thereby it can carry out optimal operations/control function.
15. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described power condition display shows composite quality index, occurrence index, power condition index, output attenuatoin exponential sum line quality index with the form of index.
16. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described information of forecasting display shows available power, electric current, applied power, unbalance factor, power factor, transformer temperature, 15 minutes demands and load factor.
17. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described environmental information display display network configuration information, warning configuration information, electric current warning message, concise and to the point condition information, screen/sound control information and after sale service configuration information.
18. system as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described numeral diagram terminal unit is operated by the method for touch screen.
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| KR20040015168 | 2004-03-05 | ||
| KR1020040085453A KR100632813B1 (en) | 2004-03-05 | 2004-10-25 | Digital graphic switchgear |
| KR20040085453 | 2004-10-25 |
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| CN100390779C true CN100390779C (en) | 2008-05-28 |
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| CN103164749B (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2016-05-18 | 财团法人资讯工业策进会 | Correlation load estimation system and method |
| CN102624099B (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2014-06-18 | 上海诺雅克电气有限公司 | Device for monitoring network connection state of smart grid |
| CN103412862A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-11-27 | 江苏省电力公司南京供电公司 | Dynamic bus power unbalance rate obtaining method |
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| JPH09247859A (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1997-09-19 | Toshiba Corp | Monitoring and controlling apparatus in power system |
| US5729251A (en) * | 1995-02-09 | 1998-03-17 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Information input/output system |
| JP2000262171A (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-26 | Hitachi Service & Engineering (East) Ltd | Barn air conditioning control system |
| US6466233B1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2002-10-15 | Sony Corporation | Information processing unit for controlling a plurality of electronic devices and method thereof, and provision medium associated therewith |
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| JPH0759220A (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-03-03 | Toshiba Corp | Operating condition display for gas insulated switchgear |
| US5729251A (en) * | 1995-02-09 | 1998-03-17 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Information input/output system |
| JPH09247859A (en) * | 1996-03-11 | 1997-09-19 | Toshiba Corp | Monitoring and controlling apparatus in power system |
| US6466233B1 (en) * | 1998-11-20 | 2002-10-15 | Sony Corporation | Information processing unit for controlling a plurality of electronic devices and method thereof, and provision medium associated therewith |
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