CA2863514A1 - Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets - Google Patents
Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2863514A1 CA2863514A1 CA2863514A CA2863514A CA2863514A1 CA 2863514 A1 CA2863514 A1 CA 2863514A1 CA 2863514 A CA2863514 A CA 2863514A CA 2863514 A CA2863514 A CA 2863514A CA 2863514 A1 CA2863514 A1 CA 2863514A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- base station
- antenna
- radioterminals
- channel
- sector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
- H04B7/026—Co-operative diversity, e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
- H04B7/0854—Joint weighting using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/18584—Arrangements for data networking, i.e. for data packet routing, for congestion control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
Abstract
A wireless communications method comprises, receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals and processing a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data, wherein receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals comprises, receiving first and second signals, from the respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the first and second signals overlapping therebetween in time, space and frequency; and, if the first and second signals that are received from the respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol, receiving a first signal from the first radioterminal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the first signal from the first radioterminal having been spread by a spreading code; and receiving a second signal from the second radioterminal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the second signal from the second radioterminal having been spread by the same spreading code as the first signal from the first radioterminal.
Description
CO-CHANNEL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHODS AND SYSTEMS
USING NONSYMMETRICAL ALPHABETS
Field of the Invention This invention relates to wireless communications methods and systems, and more particularly to wireless communication systems and methods that can communicate co-channel.
Background of the Invention Polarization diversity receiving systems and methods are well known in wireless communications. For example, a wireless tenninal may transmit a linearly-polarized signal that may be received by orthogonally polarized antennas (e.g., horizontal and vertical polarization) at a base station (terrestrial or space-based) to thereby separately receive .orthogonally polarized portions of the transmitted signal. The orthogonally polarized portions may be combined to effectively increase link robustness, since many channel degradations such as fading, are largely uncorrelated when comparing antennas of orthogonal polarizations. See for example, U.S. Patent 6,526,278 to Hanson et al. entitled Mobile Satellite Communication System Utilizing Polarization Diversity Combining; U.S. Patent 5,724,666 to Dent entitled Polarization Diversity Phased Array Cellular Base Station and Associated Methods;
U.S. Patent 6,418,316 to Hildebrand et al. entitled Increasing Channel Capacity of Wireless Local Loop via Polarization Diversity Antenna Distribution Scheme;
and U.S. Patent 6,445,926 to Boch et al. entitled Use of Sectorized Polarization Diversity as a Means of Increasing capacity in Cellular Wireless Systems.
Other systems and methods that use polarization effects in wireless communications are described in the following publications: Andrews et al., Tripling the Capacity of Wireless Communications Using Electromagnetic Polarization, Nature, Vol. 409, January 18, 2001, pp. 316-318; Wolniansky- et al., V-BLAST:
An Architecture for Realizing Very High Data Rates Over the Rich-Scattering Wireless Channel, Invited paper, Proc. ISSSE-98, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 29, 1998, pp. 295-300; and Cusani et al., A Simple Polarization-Recovery Algorithm for Dual-Polarized Cellular Mobile-Radio Systems in Time-Variant Faded Environments, IEEE Transactions in Vehicular Technology, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 220-228.
It is also known to use diversity concepts to increase the capacity of wireless communications. See, for example, the following publications: Miller et al., Estimation of co-Channel Signals With Linear Complexity, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 49, No. 11, November 2001, pp. 1997-2005; and Wong et al., Performance Enhancement of Multiuser MIMO Wireless Communications Systems, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 50, No. 12, December 2002, pp. 1960-1970.
Summary of the Invention Some embodiments of the present invention transmit wireless communications from at least two radioterminals to a base station co-channel over a return link using a return link alphabet, and transmit wireless communications from the base station to the at least two radioterminals over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. As used herein, the term "co-channel" indicates signals that overlap in time and space, and that use the same carrier frequency, the same time slot if the signals are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signals, and the same spreading code if the signals are Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals, such that the two signals collide at a receiver.
USING NONSYMMETRICAL ALPHABETS
Field of the Invention This invention relates to wireless communications methods and systems, and more particularly to wireless communication systems and methods that can communicate co-channel.
Background of the Invention Polarization diversity receiving systems and methods are well known in wireless communications. For example, a wireless tenninal may transmit a linearly-polarized signal that may be received by orthogonally polarized antennas (e.g., horizontal and vertical polarization) at a base station (terrestrial or space-based) to thereby separately receive .orthogonally polarized portions of the transmitted signal. The orthogonally polarized portions may be combined to effectively increase link robustness, since many channel degradations such as fading, are largely uncorrelated when comparing antennas of orthogonal polarizations. See for example, U.S. Patent 6,526,278 to Hanson et al. entitled Mobile Satellite Communication System Utilizing Polarization Diversity Combining; U.S. Patent 5,724,666 to Dent entitled Polarization Diversity Phased Array Cellular Base Station and Associated Methods;
U.S. Patent 6,418,316 to Hildebrand et al. entitled Increasing Channel Capacity of Wireless Local Loop via Polarization Diversity Antenna Distribution Scheme;
and U.S. Patent 6,445,926 to Boch et al. entitled Use of Sectorized Polarization Diversity as a Means of Increasing capacity in Cellular Wireless Systems.
Other systems and methods that use polarization effects in wireless communications are described in the following publications: Andrews et al., Tripling the Capacity of Wireless Communications Using Electromagnetic Polarization, Nature, Vol. 409, January 18, 2001, pp. 316-318; Wolniansky- et al., V-BLAST:
An Architecture for Realizing Very High Data Rates Over the Rich-Scattering Wireless Channel, Invited paper, Proc. ISSSE-98, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 29, 1998, pp. 295-300; and Cusani et al., A Simple Polarization-Recovery Algorithm for Dual-Polarized Cellular Mobile-Radio Systems in Time-Variant Faded Environments, IEEE Transactions in Vehicular Technology, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 220-228.
It is also known to use diversity concepts to increase the capacity of wireless communications. See, for example, the following publications: Miller et al., Estimation of co-Channel Signals With Linear Complexity, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 49, No. 11, November 2001, pp. 1997-2005; and Wong et al., Performance Enhancement of Multiuser MIMO Wireless Communications Systems, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 50, No. 12, December 2002, pp. 1960-1970.
Summary of the Invention Some embodiments of the present invention transmit wireless communications from at least two radioterminals to a base station co-channel over a return link using a return link alphabet, and transmit wireless communications from the base station to the at least two radioterminals over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. As used herein, the term "co-channel" indicates signals that overlap in time and space, and that use the same carrier frequency, the same time slot if the signals are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signals, and the same spreading code if the signals are Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals, such that the two signals collide at a receiver.
2 Embodiments of the present invention can allow the co-channel signals to be decoded or deciphered at the receiver, and can allow the radioterminals to use a smaller return link alphabet which can reduce the power dissipation at the radioterminals.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station to the radioterminals non-co-channel over the forward link using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In yet other embodiments, co-channel transmissions may be used.
In some embodiments, wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals to at least one antenna at the base station co-channel over a return link using a return link alphabet. In other embodiments, these transmissions are made to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at the base station. In yet other embodiments, these transmissions are made to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas at the base station. In still other embodiments, these transmissions are made to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a single sector of the base station. In some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted to the plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a sector if the at least two radioterminals are separated by more than a predetermined distance. In other embodiments, these transmissions are made to at least one multiple-polarized antenna in at least two sectors of the base station. In yet other embodiments, these transmissions are made to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at a first base station and at least one multiple-polarized antenna at a second base station. In still other embodiments, these transmissions are made from a single linearly-polarized antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals.
Other embodiments of the present invention transmit wireless communications from at least two radioterminals to a base station over a return link using a return alphabet and transmit wireless communications from the base station to the at least two radioterminals co-channel over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In other embodiments, as was described above, the transmission from the radioterminals to the base station may be non-co-channel or co-channel. Moreover, the wireless communications may be transmitted from the base station to at least one antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals, to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals and/or to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas at each of the at least two radioterminals, co-channel over a forward link using a forward link alphabet
In some embodiments of the present invention, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station to the radioterminals non-co-channel over the forward link using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In yet other embodiments, co-channel transmissions may be used.
In some embodiments, wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals to at least one antenna at the base station co-channel over a return link using a return link alphabet. In other embodiments, these transmissions are made to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at the base station. In yet other embodiments, these transmissions are made to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas at the base station. In still other embodiments, these transmissions are made to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a single sector of the base station. In some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted to the plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a sector if the at least two radioterminals are separated by more than a predetermined distance. In other embodiments, these transmissions are made to at least one multiple-polarized antenna in at least two sectors of the base station. In yet other embodiments, these transmissions are made to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at a first base station and at least one multiple-polarized antenna at a second base station. In still other embodiments, these transmissions are made from a single linearly-polarized antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals.
Other embodiments of the present invention transmit wireless communications from at least two radioterminals to a base station over a return link using a return alphabet and transmit wireless communications from the base station to the at least two radioterminals co-channel over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In other embodiments, as was described above, the transmission from the radioterminals to the base station may be non-co-channel or co-channel. Moreover, the wireless communications may be transmitted from the base station to at least one antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals, to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals and/or to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas at each of the at least two radioterminals, co-channel over a forward link using a forward link alphabet
3 that has more symbols than the return link alphabet, as was described above.
Transmission from the base station may use at least one antenna, at least one linearly-polarized antenna, at least two linearly-polarized antennas, at least two linearly-polarized antennas in a sector, at least one linearly-polarized antenna in at least two sectors and/or at least one linearly-polarized antenna at two or more base stations, as was described above.
In other embodiments of the present invention, wireless communications are received from a base station at a first radiotenninal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate the first radioterminal over a forward link, co-channel. The wireless communications are relayed from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link. The wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link are used to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
Moreover, these embodiments may be combined with any of the embodiments that were described above.
Still other embodiments of the present invention bidirectionally transmit wireless communications co-channel in time division duplex from at least two radioterminals to a base station over a return link using a return link alphabet, and from the base station to the at least two radioterminals over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. These embodiments also may be combined with any of the embodiments that were described above.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless communications method comprising:
receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals; and processing a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data;
wherein receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals comprises:
Transmission from the base station may use at least one antenna, at least one linearly-polarized antenna, at least two linearly-polarized antennas, at least two linearly-polarized antennas in a sector, at least one linearly-polarized antenna in at least two sectors and/or at least one linearly-polarized antenna at two or more base stations, as was described above.
In other embodiments of the present invention, wireless communications are received from a base station at a first radiotenninal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate the first radioterminal over a forward link, co-channel. The wireless communications are relayed from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link. The wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link are used to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
Moreover, these embodiments may be combined with any of the embodiments that were described above.
Still other embodiments of the present invention bidirectionally transmit wireless communications co-channel in time division duplex from at least two radioterminals to a base station over a return link using a return link alphabet, and from the base station to the at least two radioterminals over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. These embodiments also may be combined with any of the embodiments that were described above.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless communications method comprising:
receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals; and processing a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data;
wherein receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals comprises:
4 receiving first and second signals, from the respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the first and second signals overlapping therebetween in time, space and frequency; and, if the first and second signals that are received from the respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol, receiving a first signal from the first radiotenninal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the first signal from the first radiotenninal having been spread by a spreading code;
and receiving a second signal from the second radioterminal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the second signal from the second radioterminal having been spread by the same spreading code as the first signal from the first radioterminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a base station comprising:
a receiver that is configured to receive first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of the base station, from respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals and to process a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data;
wherein the first and second wireless co-channel communications that are received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals are overlapping therebetween in time, space and frequency;
and wherein if the first and second signals that are received from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol, the first signal from the first radioterminal, that is received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises a first spreading code and 4a the second signal from the second radioterminal that is received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises a second spreading code that is the same as the first spreading code.
It will be understood by those having skill in the art that embodiments of the present invention were described above primarily with respect to method aspects.
However, other embodiments of the present invention provide systems, base stations and radioterminals according to any of the embodiments that were described above.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figures 1-3 and 4A-4B are diagrams of co-channel wireless communications according to various embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 5A is a diagram of radioterminal to base station communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
4b Figure 5B is a diagram of base station to radioterminal communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 5C is a diagram of base station to radioterminal communications according to other embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 6A-6B are block diagrams of receivers that may be used in Figures 5A-5C according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 7 graphically illustrates simulated receiver performance for signals in Rayleigh fading channels according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a diagram of base station to radioterminal bidirectional communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a block diagram of a receiver and transmitter that may be used in embodiments of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a block diagram of a receiver that may be used in Figure 9 according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a block diagram of a transmitter that may be used in Figure 9 according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 12 and 13 are diagrams of radioterminals and base stations, respectively, according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Some embodiments of the present invention may arise from a recognition that it is possible to configure two physically distinct radioterminals to transmit to a base station, also referred to as a base transceiver station (BTS), co-channel, using the same return-link radio-channel resource(s) while still being able, at the BTS, to reliably demodulate and reconstruct (i.e., decode) the two data streams of the two physically distinct radioterminals. It is also possible to configure a BTS to transmit to two physically distinct radioterminals co-channel, over the same forward-link radio-
and receiving a second signal from the second radioterminal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the second signal from the second radioterminal having been spread by the same spreading code as the first signal from the first radioterminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a base station comprising:
a receiver that is configured to receive first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of the base station, from respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals and to process a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data;
wherein the first and second wireless co-channel communications that are received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals are overlapping therebetween in time, space and frequency;
and wherein if the first and second signals that are received from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol, the first signal from the first radioterminal, that is received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises a first spreading code and 4a the second signal from the second radioterminal that is received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises a second spreading code that is the same as the first spreading code.
It will be understood by those having skill in the art that embodiments of the present invention were described above primarily with respect to method aspects.
However, other embodiments of the present invention provide systems, base stations and radioterminals according to any of the embodiments that were described above.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figures 1-3 and 4A-4B are diagrams of co-channel wireless communications according to various embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 5A is a diagram of radioterminal to base station communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
4b Figure 5B is a diagram of base station to radioterminal communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 5C is a diagram of base station to radioterminal communications according to other embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 6A-6B are block diagrams of receivers that may be used in Figures 5A-5C according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 7 graphically illustrates simulated receiver performance for signals in Rayleigh fading channels according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a diagram of base station to radioterminal bidirectional communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a block diagram of a receiver and transmitter that may be used in embodiments of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a block diagram of a receiver that may be used in Figure 9 according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a block diagram of a transmitter that may be used in Figure 9 according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 12 and 13 are diagrams of radioterminals and base stations, respectively, according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Some embodiments of the present invention may arise from a recognition that it is possible to configure two physically distinct radioterminals to transmit to a base station, also referred to as a base transceiver station (BTS), co-channel, using the same return-link radio-channel resource(s) while still being able, at the BTS, to reliably demodulate and reconstruct (i.e., decode) the two data streams of the two physically distinct radioterminals. It is also possible to configure a BTS to transmit to two physically distinct radioterminals co-channel, over the same forward-link radio-
5 channel resource(s), while each of the two distinct radiotenninals is able to reliably demodulate and reconstruct the information intended for it. The two physically distinct radioterminals may thus communicate bi-directionally with a BTS, co-channel, in some embodiments, using no more channel resource(s) than a single radioterrninal would use. The signal processing techniques that make this possible, according to some embodiments of the invention, can exploit the multipath scattering nature of the radiocharmel and/or the multi-dimensional nature of space and its relationship to electro-magnetic wave propagation. Moreover, embodiments of the invention can be extended to allow three or more physically distinct radioterminals to Some embodiments of the present invention may also arise from a recognition that co-channel communications may be more beneficial for an infrastructure (base station) receiver than for a radiotemnnal receiver, because an infrastructure Figure 1 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to some embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, wireless communications are transmitted from at least two link 130 using a return link alphabet having return link symbols SR. As also shown in Figure 1, wireless communications are transmitted from the base station 120 to the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b over a forward link 140 using a forward link alphabet having forward link symbols SF, wherein the forward link alphabet has more
As shown in Figure 1, wireless communications are transmitted from at least two link 130 using a return link alphabet having return link symbols SR. As also shown in Figure 1, wireless communications are transmitted from the base station 120 to the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b over a forward link 140 using a forward link alphabet having forward link symbols SF, wherein the forward link alphabet has more
6 symbols than the return link alphabet. In other words, SF > SR. In some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station to the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b non-co-channel over the forward link 140 using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols SF than the return link alphabet SR.
Still referring to Figure 1, the wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one antenna 122 at the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 is at least one multiple-polarized antenna. In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 is a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas.
In still other embodiments, the base station 120 includes a plurality of sectors using sectorization techniques that are well known to those having skill in the art. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a single sector of the base station, such that wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to the plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in the single sector of the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet. In other embodiments, the wireless communications from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b are transmitted to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas 122 in the sector of the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet if the at least two radioterminals are separated by more than a predetermined distance D. In still other embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one multiple-polarized antenna 122 in at least two sectors of the base station 120 co-channel over a return link using the return link alphabet.
Figure 2 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to other embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the base station 120 is a first base station. Wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one multiple-polarized antenna 122 at the first base station and at least one multiple-polarized antenna 222 at a second base station 220 co-channel over a return link 130 using a return link alphabet. In any of the embodiments of Figures 1 and/or 2, wireless communications may be transmitted from a single linearly-polarized
Still referring to Figure 1, the wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one antenna 122 at the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 is at least one multiple-polarized antenna. In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 is a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas.
In still other embodiments, the base station 120 includes a plurality of sectors using sectorization techniques that are well known to those having skill in the art. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a single sector of the base station, such that wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to the plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in the single sector of the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet. In other embodiments, the wireless communications from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b are transmitted to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas 122 in the sector of the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet if the at least two radioterminals are separated by more than a predetermined distance D. In still other embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one multiple-polarized antenna 122 in at least two sectors of the base station 120 co-channel over a return link using the return link alphabet.
Figure 2 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to other embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the base station 120 is a first base station. Wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one multiple-polarized antenna 122 at the first base station and at least one multiple-polarized antenna 222 at a second base station 220 co-channel over a return link 130 using a return link alphabet. In any of the embodiments of Figures 1 and/or 2, wireless communications may be transmitted from a single linearly-polarized
7 antenna 112a, 112b at each of the at least two radioterminals 110a, 110b to the base station 120, 220 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet.
Accordingly, some embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 allow co-channel transmissions from radioterminals to a base station using a small element alphabet in conjunction with non-co-channel transmissions from the base station to the radiotelininals using a larger element alphabet. The number of antenna elements at the base station may be operative within a given sector of a base station, distributed over more than one sector of a base station and/or distributed over a plurality of base stations. As such, intra-sector co-channel return link communications may be provided, as well as inter-sector and inter-base station return link co-channel communications, to provide potentially improved capacity characteristics.
Moreover, in some embodiments, intra-sector co-channel communications between two or more radioterminals and a base station may only be allowed in response to a distance D
between the radioterminals. Since the system can know the position of the radioterminals, based on, for example, UPS or other techniques, radioterminals that are, for example, D meters or more apart may be allocated co-channel resources.
Otherwise, non-co-channel resources may be allocated. The distance D may be selected so as to provide sufficient multipath differentiation from the signals that originate from the two radioterminals that are transmitting co-channel.
Figure 3 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to still other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioteiiiiinals 310a, 310b to a base station 320 over a return link 330 using a return link alphabet having return link symbols SR. Wireless communications are also transmitted from the base station 320 to the at least two radioterminals 310a, 310b co-channel over a forward link 340 using a forward link alphabet having forward link symbols SF, wherein the forward link alphabet has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In other words, SF > S.
Embodiments of Figure 3 may be employed where it is desirable to relay much more data to the radioterminals 310a, 310b from the base station 320 than to the base station 320 from the radioterminals 310a, 310b. This may be the case when the radioterminals may be receiving large files from the base station, whereas the radioterminals are only sending back mouse clicks and/or other small amounts of data. Embodiments of Figure 3 use a larger element alphabet in conjunction with co-
Accordingly, some embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 allow co-channel transmissions from radioterminals to a base station using a small element alphabet in conjunction with non-co-channel transmissions from the base station to the radiotelininals using a larger element alphabet. The number of antenna elements at the base station may be operative within a given sector of a base station, distributed over more than one sector of a base station and/or distributed over a plurality of base stations. As such, intra-sector co-channel return link communications may be provided, as well as inter-sector and inter-base station return link co-channel communications, to provide potentially improved capacity characteristics.
Moreover, in some embodiments, intra-sector co-channel communications between two or more radioterminals and a base station may only be allowed in response to a distance D
between the radioterminals. Since the system can know the position of the radioterminals, based on, for example, UPS or other techniques, radioterminals that are, for example, D meters or more apart may be allocated co-channel resources.
Otherwise, non-co-channel resources may be allocated. The distance D may be selected so as to provide sufficient multipath differentiation from the signals that originate from the two radioterminals that are transmitting co-channel.
Figure 3 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to still other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioteiiiiinals 310a, 310b to a base station 320 over a return link 330 using a return link alphabet having return link symbols SR. Wireless communications are also transmitted from the base station 320 to the at least two radioterminals 310a, 310b co-channel over a forward link 340 using a forward link alphabet having forward link symbols SF, wherein the forward link alphabet has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In other words, SF > S.
Embodiments of Figure 3 may be employed where it is desirable to relay much more data to the radioterminals 310a, 310b from the base station 320 than to the base station 320 from the radioterminals 310a, 310b. This may be the case when the radioterminals may be receiving large files from the base station, whereas the radioterminals are only sending back mouse clicks and/or other small amounts of data. Embodiments of Figure 3 use a larger element alphabet in conjunction with co-
8 channel communications to serve two or more terminals, while the radioterminals use a smaller element alphabet and may communicate non-co-channel with the system.
In other embodiments, wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 310a, 31.9b to the base station 320 co-channel over the return link 330 using the return link alphabet.
Still referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station 320 to at least one antenna 312a, 312b at each of the at least two radioterminals co-channel over the forward link using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 312a, 312b comprises at least one multiple-polarized antenna.
In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 312a, 312b comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas. In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 322 at the base station 320 comprises at least one linearly-polarized antenna, at least two linearly-polarized antennas, at least two linearly-polarized antennas in a single sector and/or a linearly-polarized antenna in at least two sectors, as was described above in connection with the antennas 122 of Figure 1. In still other embodiments, transmissions may occur to at least one linearly-polarized antenna at a first base station and at a second base station, as was described above in connection with Figure 2.
Figure 4A is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications according to yet other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4A, wireless communications are received from a base station 420 at a first radioteiminal 410a and at at least one second radioterminal 410b that is proximate the first radioterminal 410a, over a forward link 440, co-channel. The wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal 410b are relayed to the first radioterminal 410a over a short-range wireless link 450. The short-range wireless link may be based on Bluetooth and/or other technologies such as 802.11, UWB, etc. The first radioterminal 410a uses the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal 410a from the at least one second radioterminal 410b over the short-range wireless link 450, to process the wireless communications that are received from a base station 420 at the first radioterminal 410a over the forward link 440.
Accordingly, in embodiments of Figure 4A, the signals from one or more proximate radioterminals may be used to improve a quality measure such as a bit error rate, of the information that is being received from the base station 420. It will also
In other embodiments, wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 310a, 31.9b to the base station 320 co-channel over the return link 330 using the return link alphabet.
Still referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station 320 to at least one antenna 312a, 312b at each of the at least two radioterminals co-channel over the forward link using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 312a, 312b comprises at least one multiple-polarized antenna.
In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 312a, 312b comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas. In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 322 at the base station 320 comprises at least one linearly-polarized antenna, at least two linearly-polarized antennas, at least two linearly-polarized antennas in a single sector and/or a linearly-polarized antenna in at least two sectors, as was described above in connection with the antennas 122 of Figure 1. In still other embodiments, transmissions may occur to at least one linearly-polarized antenna at a first base station and at a second base station, as was described above in connection with Figure 2.
Figure 4A is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications according to yet other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4A, wireless communications are received from a base station 420 at a first radioteiminal 410a and at at least one second radioterminal 410b that is proximate the first radioterminal 410a, over a forward link 440, co-channel. The wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal 410b are relayed to the first radioterminal 410a over a short-range wireless link 450. The short-range wireless link may be based on Bluetooth and/or other technologies such as 802.11, UWB, etc. The first radioterminal 410a uses the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal 410a from the at least one second radioterminal 410b over the short-range wireless link 450, to process the wireless communications that are received from a base station 420 at the first radioterminal 410a over the forward link 440.
Accordingly, in embodiments of Figure 4A, the signals from one or more proximate radioterminals may be used to improve a quality measure such as a bit error rate, of the information that is being received from the base station 420. It will also
9 be understood by those having skill in the art that embodiments of Figure 4 need not use a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than a return link alphabet.
However, in other embodiments of the invention, embodiments of Figure 4 may be used with any of the embodiments of Figures 1-3, including the use of a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than a return link alphabet, co-channel communications from the radioterminals 410a, 410b to the base station 420, and antenna configurations for the base station 422 and for the radioterminal antennas 412a, 412b similar to those described in connection with Figures 1-3.
Figure 4B is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to still other embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Figure 4B, wireless communications are bi-directionally transmitted co-channel in Time Division Duplex (TDD) 450. Time division duplex transmission is well known to those having skill in the art, and need not be described further herein. As shown in Figure 4B, bidirectional transmission co-channel in time division duplex proceeds from at least two radioterminals 460a, 460b to a base station 470 over a return link using a return link alphabet, and from the base station 470 to the at least two radioterminals 460a, 460b over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. The antennas 462a, 462b of the first and second radioterminals 460a, 460b may be configured as was described in Figures 1-4A above. Moreover, the antenna or antennas 472 of the base station 470 may be embodied as was described above in any of Figures I-4A.
Additional discussion of co-channel wireless communications according to various embodiments of the invention now will be provided. Specifically, in accordance with "non-Time Division Duplex" (non-TDD) embodiments, the receiver of a radioterminal and the receiver of a BTS may be configured to operate on a plurality of signals that may be acquired via a plurality of spatially-separated and/or co-located antennas. The transmitter of a radioterminal may use a single antenna.
The BTS may transmit the information that is intended for a first radioterminal from a first antenna and the information that is intended for a second radioterminal from a second antenna that may be spatially-separated from the first. The two radioterminals may use the same return-link channel resource(s) to transmit information to the BTS.
The BTS may use the same forward-link channel resource(s) to transmit information to the two radioterminals. Figures 5A and 5B illustrate antenna configurations of non-TDD embodiments. It will also be understood that some embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B may be used in TDD mode as well.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the M dual-polarized (or cross polarized) receiver antennas 512 of a radioterminal 510, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced by M triple (x, y, z) -polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of receiver antennas. In some embodiments, only some of the IVI dual-polarized receiver antennas 512 of a radioterminal 510, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced with triple-polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized, and/or other type of antennas, and that the value of M may be different for different radioterminals. In still other embodiments, only one receiver antenna that has been tapped at different points may be used on a radioterminal to provide a plurality of signal inputs to the radioterminal's receiver. It will also be understood by those of skill in the art that the N dual-polarized receiver antennas 540 of a BTS, as illustrated in Figure 5A, may be replaced in part or in entirety by triple (x, y, z) -polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized, and/or other type of receiver antennas. Finally, those having skill in the art will also recognize that one or both of the linearly-polarized transmitter antennas 520 of a BTS, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced by a dual- or multi-dimensionally-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of transmitter antenna(s) and that the linearly-polarized transmitter antenna 532 of a radioterminal 530 may be replaced by a dual-polarized, multi-dimensionally-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of transmitter antenna.
Those having skill in the art will also recognize that embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B may be extended to accommodate L co-channel radioterminals (L> 2) by having L transmitter antennas 520 on the BTS with the kth such antenna (k = 1, 2, ..., L) transmitting information intended for a corresponding Xth radioterminal.
Referring now to Figure 5C, in environments of dense radioterminal communications, such as in airports, convention centers, shopping malls, etc., one or more radioterminals 550b-550n that is/are proximate to a first co-channel radioterminal 550a may be configured to provide signals to the first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a. These signals may be relayed from the one or more proximate radioterminals 550b-550n to the first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a via short-range wireless links 552. The first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a may be configured to process the signals received from the one or more proximate radioterminals so as to improve a quality measure, such as the Bit Error Rate (BER), of the information that is being received from the BTS. Still referring to Figure 5C, one or more radioterminals 550Le-550n' that is/are proximate to a second co-channel radioterminal 550a', may be configured to provide signals to the second receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a'. These signals may be relayed from the one A linear receiver processor, in accordance with the well-known Least Mean Squared Error (LMSE) criterion, is illustrated in Figure 6A for non-TDD
In accordance with the illustrative BTS receiver antenna array 540 of Figure 5A, each antenna of the array 540 operates in two spatial dimensions and provides two signals to the receiver: one corresponding to the first spatial dimension illustrated in Figure 5A, the th antenna (i = 1, 2, N) provides the receiver with the signal inputs Vi and H. As is illustrated in Figure 6A, each signal of the set {V1, HI, V2, H2, VN, HN} is operated on by two transversal filters 610a, 610b; one for each =th co-channel source. The transversal filters may be fractionally spaced, synchronously spaced, or single tap filters.
A computer simulation has been developed to assess the potential efficacy of the receiver of Figure 6A. Figure 7 graphically illustrates results of the computer simulation. The simulation modeled two co-channel radioterrninals each transmitting independent data using Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSK) modulation with no Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. The computer simulation modeled bursty transmission to emulate GSM. Within each burst of data, the channel was assumed static and an a priori known to the receiver training sequence (the burst mid-amble in GSM terminology) was used to estimate the transversal filter coefficients of the receiver. For each burst of data a new Rayleigh fading channel was picked pseudo-randomly. Flat Rayleigh-fading channels were assumed. Consequently, there was no Inter-Symbol Interference (1ST), only non-dispersive Co-channel Interference (CCI) due to the co-channel radioterminal. Thus, the receiver transversal filters reduced to single coefficient devices. The Bit Error Rate (BER) was evaluated for several receiver antenna configurations as described below.
As shown in Figure 7, for the case of four dual-polarized receiver antennas, the uncoded Rayleigh-faded channel BER for each co-channel radioterminal, at Eb/No of 4 dB, is ¨ 10-3, whereas the BER of classical BPSK in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with no fading, at the same Eb/No of 4 dB is ¨ 10-2. Thus, the simulations appear to show that not only has the receiver of Figure 6A reduced the CCI, but significant diversity gain has also been attained.
To potentially improve further on the receiver performance of Figure 6A, a receiver architecture of Figure 6B may be used. The receiver of Figure 6B uses an estimate of the co-channel signal that has minimum noise and/or interference variance to cancel the CCI in the other co-channel signal, thus reducing or minimizing noise enhancement in the other co-channel signal, since a regenerated noise-free estimate of the CCI may now be used in the cancellation. Referring again to Figure 6A, the noise and/or interference variance of the two co-channel decision variables Si and S
'2 may be estimated once per "data burst." The duration of the data burst may be chosen small relative to the rate-of-change of the channel state so as to validate a static (or quasi-static) channel assumption over a given data burst. The estimate of noise and/or interference variance of Si (j 1, 2) may, for example, be based on the magnitude of a linear superposition of squared transversal filter weights, that may be involved in forming Si or may be based on processing of an a priori known to the receiver, training sequence. In the illustrative example of Figure 6B, the noise and/or interference variance of S'1 has been found to be smaller than the noise and/or interference variance of the second decision variable, S'2. Thus, the decision that is made on S'1, assumed correct, may be used to form an improved decision variable S"2, based on which a decision or a series of decisions may be made regarding the data elements transmitted by the second co-channel ra.diotenninal.
It will be understood by those of skill in the art that, in the illustrative receiver processing of Figure 6B, if the second decision variable was found to have lower noise and/or interference variance, a decision on that variable may have been made and that decision may have been used to form an improved first decision variable. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the principle and receiver architecture that is illustrated on Figure 6B, of first deciding on the least noise and/or interference variance variable and then using that decision to improve the noise and/or interference variance of the second decision variable, may be extended similarly to the general case where there are L co-channel radioterminals and, therefore, L
decision variables at the receiver. In that case, the one (out of the L) decision variable with minimum noise and/or interference variance will be identified, a decision on it will be made, and that decision will be used to improve the noise and/or interference = variance of the second least noise and/or interference variance variable.
Then, a decision on the improved second least noise and/or interference variance variable will be made and now both decisions that have been made thus far can be used to improve the decision variable of the third least noise and/or interference variance variable, etc.
Finally, it will be understood that even though the receiver principles and architectures of Figures 6A and 6B have been described using nomenclature associated with a BTS, the principles and receiver architectures of Figures 6A
and 6B, and variations thereof, are also applicable to the radioterminal.
Figure 8 illustrates two radioterminals communicating co-channel bidirectionally with a BTS in a TDD mode according to other embodiments of the present invention. When the radioterminals 830 transmit information to the BTS
antennas 840, a BTS receiver of Figure 6A and/or 6B may be used to process the received waveforms, as was already described, and make decisions on the data that has been transmitted co-channel to the BTS antennas 840 by the radioterminals 830.
This function is illustrated by Block 910 of Figure 9. The BTS receiver of Figure 9 may also be configured to perform processing of the received waveforms in accordance with the well-known zero-forcing criterion thereby "forcing to zero", to the extent that digital quantization effects and/or other implementation constraints may allow, the ISI and the CCI, at least over the span of the transversal filters used.
This function is illustrated by Block 920 of Figure 9 and is further illustrated in greater detail in Figure 10.
Over the time interval of a TDD frame, the state of the channel may be assumed static or quasi-static provided that the TDD frame interval has been chosen sufficiently small. Thus, capitalizing on the reciprocity of the TDD channel over its static or quasi-static interval the transversal filter coefficients that have been derived by the BTS receiver to yield "zero" 1ST and CCI at the BTS, may be used to process or pre-distort a BTS data vector d prior to transmitting it to the co-channel radioterminals. In TDD, the same BTS antenna array may be performing both receive and transmit functions. This function is illustrated by Block 930 of Figure 9 and is further illustrated in greater detail in Figure 11. It also will be understood that some embodiments of Figure 8 may be used in non-TDD mode, as well.
Given the above, the information that is transmitted by a BTS, co-channel, for a plurality of radioterminals, can arrive at the plurality of co-channel radioterminals free, or substantially free, of IS1 and CCI. Thus, the receiver complexity of a radioterminal may be reduced and the radioterminal may only be equipped with a single linearly-polarized receiver antenna. Those skilled in the art will recognize that even in TDD mode the principles and receiver architectures that were described earlier for the non-TDD case can apply for both a BTS and a radioterminal.
Also, those skilled in the art will recognize that the zero-forcing processing at a BTS
receiver as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 may be omitted and instead, the transversal filter coefficients derived from a LMSE processor (Block 910 of Figure 9) may be used for the transmitter processing (Block 930 of Figure 9) of a BTS.
Accordingly, information that is received when wirelessly receiving at least two signals on the same carrier frequency, time interval, and/or code, from a corresponding at least two radioterminals, may be discriminated among the at least two signals.
Finally, it will be understood that, in all of the embodiments that have been described herein, a radioterminal may include a transceiver which itself includes a transmitter and a receiver, as illustrated in Figure 12, which perform the transmitting and receiving operations, respectively, that were described herein. The antenna of the radioterminal may be regarded as a component of the transceiver. Similarly, in all of the embodiments described herein, a base station may also include a transceiver which itself includes a transmitter and a receiver, as illustrated in Figure 13, which perform the transmitting and receiving operations, respectively, that were described herein. The antenna of the base station may be regarded as a component of the transceiver.
In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.
However, in other embodiments of the invention, embodiments of Figure 4 may be used with any of the embodiments of Figures 1-3, including the use of a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than a return link alphabet, co-channel communications from the radioterminals 410a, 410b to the base station 420, and antenna configurations for the base station 422 and for the radioterminal antennas 412a, 412b similar to those described in connection with Figures 1-3.
Figure 4B is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to still other embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Figure 4B, wireless communications are bi-directionally transmitted co-channel in Time Division Duplex (TDD) 450. Time division duplex transmission is well known to those having skill in the art, and need not be described further herein. As shown in Figure 4B, bidirectional transmission co-channel in time division duplex proceeds from at least two radioterminals 460a, 460b to a base station 470 over a return link using a return link alphabet, and from the base station 470 to the at least two radioterminals 460a, 460b over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. The antennas 462a, 462b of the first and second radioterminals 460a, 460b may be configured as was described in Figures 1-4A above. Moreover, the antenna or antennas 472 of the base station 470 may be embodied as was described above in any of Figures I-4A.
Additional discussion of co-channel wireless communications according to various embodiments of the invention now will be provided. Specifically, in accordance with "non-Time Division Duplex" (non-TDD) embodiments, the receiver of a radioterminal and the receiver of a BTS may be configured to operate on a plurality of signals that may be acquired via a plurality of spatially-separated and/or co-located antennas. The transmitter of a radioterminal may use a single antenna.
The BTS may transmit the information that is intended for a first radioterminal from a first antenna and the information that is intended for a second radioterminal from a second antenna that may be spatially-separated from the first. The two radioterminals may use the same return-link channel resource(s) to transmit information to the BTS.
The BTS may use the same forward-link channel resource(s) to transmit information to the two radioterminals. Figures 5A and 5B illustrate antenna configurations of non-TDD embodiments. It will also be understood that some embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B may be used in TDD mode as well.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the M dual-polarized (or cross polarized) receiver antennas 512 of a radioterminal 510, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced by M triple (x, y, z) -polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of receiver antennas. In some embodiments, only some of the IVI dual-polarized receiver antennas 512 of a radioterminal 510, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced with triple-polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized, and/or other type of antennas, and that the value of M may be different for different radioterminals. In still other embodiments, only one receiver antenna that has been tapped at different points may be used on a radioterminal to provide a plurality of signal inputs to the radioterminal's receiver. It will also be understood by those of skill in the art that the N dual-polarized receiver antennas 540 of a BTS, as illustrated in Figure 5A, may be replaced in part or in entirety by triple (x, y, z) -polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized, and/or other type of receiver antennas. Finally, those having skill in the art will also recognize that one or both of the linearly-polarized transmitter antennas 520 of a BTS, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced by a dual- or multi-dimensionally-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of transmitter antenna(s) and that the linearly-polarized transmitter antenna 532 of a radioterminal 530 may be replaced by a dual-polarized, multi-dimensionally-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of transmitter antenna.
Those having skill in the art will also recognize that embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B may be extended to accommodate L co-channel radioterminals (L> 2) by having L transmitter antennas 520 on the BTS with the kth such antenna (k = 1, 2, ..., L) transmitting information intended for a corresponding Xth radioterminal.
Referring now to Figure 5C, in environments of dense radioterminal communications, such as in airports, convention centers, shopping malls, etc., one or more radioterminals 550b-550n that is/are proximate to a first co-channel radioterminal 550a may be configured to provide signals to the first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a. These signals may be relayed from the one or more proximate radioterminals 550b-550n to the first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a via short-range wireless links 552. The first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a may be configured to process the signals received from the one or more proximate radioterminals so as to improve a quality measure, such as the Bit Error Rate (BER), of the information that is being received from the BTS. Still referring to Figure 5C, one or more radioterminals 550Le-550n' that is/are proximate to a second co-channel radioterminal 550a', may be configured to provide signals to the second receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a'. These signals may be relayed from the one A linear receiver processor, in accordance with the well-known Least Mean Squared Error (LMSE) criterion, is illustrated in Figure 6A for non-TDD
In accordance with the illustrative BTS receiver antenna array 540 of Figure 5A, each antenna of the array 540 operates in two spatial dimensions and provides two signals to the receiver: one corresponding to the first spatial dimension illustrated in Figure 5A, the th antenna (i = 1, 2, N) provides the receiver with the signal inputs Vi and H. As is illustrated in Figure 6A, each signal of the set {V1, HI, V2, H2, VN, HN} is operated on by two transversal filters 610a, 610b; one for each =th co-channel source. The transversal filters may be fractionally spaced, synchronously spaced, or single tap filters.
A computer simulation has been developed to assess the potential efficacy of the receiver of Figure 6A. Figure 7 graphically illustrates results of the computer simulation. The simulation modeled two co-channel radioterrninals each transmitting independent data using Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSK) modulation with no Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. The computer simulation modeled bursty transmission to emulate GSM. Within each burst of data, the channel was assumed static and an a priori known to the receiver training sequence (the burst mid-amble in GSM terminology) was used to estimate the transversal filter coefficients of the receiver. For each burst of data a new Rayleigh fading channel was picked pseudo-randomly. Flat Rayleigh-fading channels were assumed. Consequently, there was no Inter-Symbol Interference (1ST), only non-dispersive Co-channel Interference (CCI) due to the co-channel radioterminal. Thus, the receiver transversal filters reduced to single coefficient devices. The Bit Error Rate (BER) was evaluated for several receiver antenna configurations as described below.
As shown in Figure 7, for the case of four dual-polarized receiver antennas, the uncoded Rayleigh-faded channel BER for each co-channel radioterminal, at Eb/No of 4 dB, is ¨ 10-3, whereas the BER of classical BPSK in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with no fading, at the same Eb/No of 4 dB is ¨ 10-2. Thus, the simulations appear to show that not only has the receiver of Figure 6A reduced the CCI, but significant diversity gain has also been attained.
To potentially improve further on the receiver performance of Figure 6A, a receiver architecture of Figure 6B may be used. The receiver of Figure 6B uses an estimate of the co-channel signal that has minimum noise and/or interference variance to cancel the CCI in the other co-channel signal, thus reducing or minimizing noise enhancement in the other co-channel signal, since a regenerated noise-free estimate of the CCI may now be used in the cancellation. Referring again to Figure 6A, the noise and/or interference variance of the two co-channel decision variables Si and S
'2 may be estimated once per "data burst." The duration of the data burst may be chosen small relative to the rate-of-change of the channel state so as to validate a static (or quasi-static) channel assumption over a given data burst. The estimate of noise and/or interference variance of Si (j 1, 2) may, for example, be based on the magnitude of a linear superposition of squared transversal filter weights, that may be involved in forming Si or may be based on processing of an a priori known to the receiver, training sequence. In the illustrative example of Figure 6B, the noise and/or interference variance of S'1 has been found to be smaller than the noise and/or interference variance of the second decision variable, S'2. Thus, the decision that is made on S'1, assumed correct, may be used to form an improved decision variable S"2, based on which a decision or a series of decisions may be made regarding the data elements transmitted by the second co-channel ra.diotenninal.
It will be understood by those of skill in the art that, in the illustrative receiver processing of Figure 6B, if the second decision variable was found to have lower noise and/or interference variance, a decision on that variable may have been made and that decision may have been used to form an improved first decision variable. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the principle and receiver architecture that is illustrated on Figure 6B, of first deciding on the least noise and/or interference variance variable and then using that decision to improve the noise and/or interference variance of the second decision variable, may be extended similarly to the general case where there are L co-channel radioterminals and, therefore, L
decision variables at the receiver. In that case, the one (out of the L) decision variable with minimum noise and/or interference variance will be identified, a decision on it will be made, and that decision will be used to improve the noise and/or interference = variance of the second least noise and/or interference variance variable.
Then, a decision on the improved second least noise and/or interference variance variable will be made and now both decisions that have been made thus far can be used to improve the decision variable of the third least noise and/or interference variance variable, etc.
Finally, it will be understood that even though the receiver principles and architectures of Figures 6A and 6B have been described using nomenclature associated with a BTS, the principles and receiver architectures of Figures 6A
and 6B, and variations thereof, are also applicable to the radioterminal.
Figure 8 illustrates two radioterminals communicating co-channel bidirectionally with a BTS in a TDD mode according to other embodiments of the present invention. When the radioterminals 830 transmit information to the BTS
antennas 840, a BTS receiver of Figure 6A and/or 6B may be used to process the received waveforms, as was already described, and make decisions on the data that has been transmitted co-channel to the BTS antennas 840 by the radioterminals 830.
This function is illustrated by Block 910 of Figure 9. The BTS receiver of Figure 9 may also be configured to perform processing of the received waveforms in accordance with the well-known zero-forcing criterion thereby "forcing to zero", to the extent that digital quantization effects and/or other implementation constraints may allow, the ISI and the CCI, at least over the span of the transversal filters used.
This function is illustrated by Block 920 of Figure 9 and is further illustrated in greater detail in Figure 10.
Over the time interval of a TDD frame, the state of the channel may be assumed static or quasi-static provided that the TDD frame interval has been chosen sufficiently small. Thus, capitalizing on the reciprocity of the TDD channel over its static or quasi-static interval the transversal filter coefficients that have been derived by the BTS receiver to yield "zero" 1ST and CCI at the BTS, may be used to process or pre-distort a BTS data vector d prior to transmitting it to the co-channel radioterminals. In TDD, the same BTS antenna array may be performing both receive and transmit functions. This function is illustrated by Block 930 of Figure 9 and is further illustrated in greater detail in Figure 11. It also will be understood that some embodiments of Figure 8 may be used in non-TDD mode, as well.
Given the above, the information that is transmitted by a BTS, co-channel, for a plurality of radioterminals, can arrive at the plurality of co-channel radioterminals free, or substantially free, of IS1 and CCI. Thus, the receiver complexity of a radioterminal may be reduced and the radioterminal may only be equipped with a single linearly-polarized receiver antenna. Those skilled in the art will recognize that even in TDD mode the principles and receiver architectures that were described earlier for the non-TDD case can apply for both a BTS and a radioterminal.
Also, those skilled in the art will recognize that the zero-forcing processing at a BTS
receiver as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 may be omitted and instead, the transversal filter coefficients derived from a LMSE processor (Block 910 of Figure 9) may be used for the transmitter processing (Block 930 of Figure 9) of a BTS.
Accordingly, information that is received when wirelessly receiving at least two signals on the same carrier frequency, time interval, and/or code, from a corresponding at least two radioterminals, may be discriminated among the at least two signals.
Finally, it will be understood that, in all of the embodiments that have been described herein, a radioterminal may include a transceiver which itself includes a transmitter and a receiver, as illustrated in Figure 12, which perform the transmitting and receiving operations, respectively, that were described herein. The antenna of the radioterminal may be regarded as a component of the transceiver. Similarly, in all of the embodiments described herein, a base station may also include a transceiver which itself includes a transmitter and a receiver, as illustrated in Figure 13, which perform the transmitting and receiving operations, respectively, that were described herein. The antenna of the base station may be regarded as a component of the transceiver.
In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.
Claims (21)
1 A wireless communications method comprising:
receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals; and processing a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data;
wherein receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals comprises:
receiving first and second signals, from the respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the first and second signals overlapping therebetween in time, space and frequency; and, if the first and second signals that are received from the respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol, receiving a first signal from the first radioterminal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the first signal from the first radioterminal having been spread by a spreading code; and receiving a second signal from the second radioterminal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the second signal from the second radioterminal having been spread by the same spreading code as the first signal from the first radioterminal.
receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals; and processing a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data;
wherein receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of a base station, from respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals comprises:
receiving first and second signals, from the respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the first and second signals overlapping therebetween in time, space and frequency; and, if the first and second signals that are received from the respective first and second physically distinct radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol, receiving a first signal from the first radioterminal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the first signal from the first radioterminal having been spread by a spreading code; and receiving a second signal from the second radioterminal, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station; the second signal from the second radioterminal having been spread by the same spreading code as the first signal from the first radioterminal.
2. The method according to Claim 1 further comprising:
transmitting non-co-channel wireless communications from the base station to the first and second radioterminals.
transmitting non-co-channel wireless communications from the base station to the first and second radioterminals.
3. The method according to Claim 1 further comprising:
transmitting co-channel wireless communications from the base station to the first and second radioterminals.
transmitting co-channel wireless communications from the base station to the first and second radioterminals.
4. The method according to Claim 1 wherein the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises at least one multiple-polarized antenna and/or a plurality of antennas that are spaced apart therebetween.
5. The method according to Claim 4 wherein the at least one multiple-polarized antenna comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas.
6. The method according to Claim 1 wherein the base station comprises a plurality of sectors and wherein each sector of the plurality of sectors comprises an antenna that includes a plurality of antenna elements.
7. The method according to Claim 6 further comprising:
receiving the first and second wireless co-channel communications using first and second antennas in respective first and second sectors of the base station.
receiving the first and second wireless co-channel communications using first and second antennas in respective first and second sectors of the base station.
8. The method according to Claim 1 wherein the base station is a first base station and wherein receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications comprises:
receiving wireless communications using at least one antenna at the first base station and using at least one antenna at a second base station.
receiving wireless communications using at least one antenna at the first base station and using at least one antenna at a second base station.
9. The method according to Claim 1 wherein receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications further comprises:
receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications responsive to a distance between the first and second radioterminals exceeding a predetermined threshold and receiving first and second wireless communications that are not co-channel from the first and second radioterminals responsive to the distance between the two radioterminals being less than, or equal to, the predetermined threshold.
receiving first and second wireless co-channel communications responsive to a distance between the first and second radioterminals exceeding a predetermined threshold and receiving first and second wireless communications that are not co-channel from the first and second radioterminals responsive to the distance between the two radioterminals being less than, or equal to, the predetermined threshold.
10. The method according to Claim 1 wherein processing a respective plurality of signals that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data, comprises:
processing the respective plurality of signals to derive first data that is associated with a first one of the first and second physically distinct radioterminals; and using the first data to derive second data that is associated with a second one of the first and second physically distinct radioterminals.
processing the respective plurality of signals to derive first data that is associated with a first one of the first and second physically distinct radioterminals; and using the first data to derive second data that is associated with a second one of the first and second physically distinct radioterminals.
11. The method according to Claim 3 wherein transmitting co-channel wireless communications from the base station comprises:
transmitting first and second wireless communications signals from respective first and second antennas; wherein the first and second wireless communications signals overlap in time, space and frequency; and use the same spreading code if the signals relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol.
transmitting first and second wireless communications signals from respective first and second antennas; wherein the first and second wireless communications signals overlap in time, space and frequency; and use the same spreading code if the signals relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol.
12. A base station comprising:
a receiver that is configured to receive first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of the base station, from respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals and to process a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data;
wherein the first and second wireless co-channel communications that are received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals are overlapping therebetween in time, space and frequency; and wherein if the first and second signals that are received from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol, the first signal from the first radioterminal, that is received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises a first spreading code and the second signal from the second radioterminal that is received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises a second spreading code that is the same as the first spreading code.
a receiver that is configured to receive first and second wireless co-channel communications, at each element, of a plurality of elements, of an antenna that is associated with a sector of the base station, from respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals and to process a respective plurality of signals, that is provided by the plurality of elements of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, to recover data;
wherein the first and second wireless co-channel communications that are received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals are overlapping therebetween in time, space and frequency; and wherein if the first and second signals that are received from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals, at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station, relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol, the first signal from the first radioterminal, that is received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises a first spreading code and the second signal from the second radioterminal that is received at each element, of the plurality of elements, of the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises a second spreading code that is the same as the first spreading code.
13. The base station according to Claim 12 further comprising:
a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to the first and second radioterminals that are not co-channel therebetween.
a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to the first and second radioterminals that are not co-channel therebetween.
14. The base station according to Claim 12 further comprising:
a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to the first and second radioterminals that are co-channel therebetween.
a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to the first and second radioterminals that are co-channel therebetween.
15. The base station according to Claim 12 wherein the antenna that is associated with the sector of the base station comprises at least one multiple-polarized antenna and/or a plurality of antennas that are spaced apart therebetween.
16. The base station according to Claim 15 wherein the at least one multiple-polarized antenna comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas.
17. The base station according to Claim 15 wherein the base station comprises a plurality of sectors and wherein each sector of the plurality of sectors comprises an antenna that includes a plurality of antenna elements.
18. The base station according to Claim 17 wherein the receiver is further configured to receive the first and second wireless co-channel communications using first and second antennas in respective first and second sectors of the base station.
19. The base station according to Claim 12 wherein the base station is a first base station and wherein the receiver is further configured to receive the first and second wireless co-channel communications by receiving wireless communications using at least one antenna at the first base station and using at least one antenna at a second base station.
20. The base station according to Claim 12 wherein the receiver is further configured to receive first and second wireless communications, from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals, that are co-channel therebetween, responsive to a separation distance between the first and second radioterminals exceeding a predetermined threshold and to receive first and second wireless communications, from the respective first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals, that are not co-channel therebetween, responsive to the separation distance between the first and second radioterminals being less than, or equal to, the predetermined threshold.
21. The method according to Claim 12 wherein the receiver is further configured to process the respective plurality of signals to derive first data that is associated with a first one of the first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals and to use the first data to derive second data that is associated with a second one of the first and second physically distinct and separate radioterminals.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US45704303P | 2003-03-24 | 2003-03-24 | |
US45711803P | 2003-03-24 | 2003-03-24 | |
US60/457,118 | 2003-03-24 | ||
US60/457,043 | 2003-03-24 | ||
US60/473,959 | 2003-05-28 | ||
US47395903P | 2003-05-29 | 2003-05-29 | |
US47752203P | 2003-06-11 | 2003-06-11 | |
US60/477,522 | 2003-06-11 | ||
CA2517067A CA2517067C (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-03-17 | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2517067A Division CA2517067C (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-03-17 | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2863514A1 true CA2863514A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
CA2863514C CA2863514C (en) | 2016-10-11 |
Family
ID=33102446
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2863510A Expired - Fee Related CA2863510C (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-03-17 | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets |
CA2863514A Expired - Fee Related CA2863514C (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-03-17 | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets |
CA2516760A Expired - Fee Related CA2516760C (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-03-17 | Satellite assisted push-to-send radioterminal systems and methods |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2863510A Expired - Fee Related CA2863510C (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-03-17 | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2516760A Expired - Fee Related CA2516760C (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-03-17 | Satellite assisted push-to-send radioterminal systems and methods |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (8) | US7203490B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2209222A3 (en) |
AU (2) | AU2004222905C1 (en) |
CA (3) | CA2863510C (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA05010286A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004086176A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (148)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7952511B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2011-05-31 | Geer James L | Method and apparatus for the detection of objects using electromagnetic wave attenuation patterns |
US7174127B2 (en) | 1999-08-10 | 2007-02-06 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Data communications systems and methods using different wireless links for inbound and outbound data |
US6892068B2 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2005-05-10 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Coordinated satellite-terrestrial frequency reuse |
US7558568B2 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2009-07-07 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for modifying antenna radiation patterns of peripheral base stations of a terrestrial network to allow reduced interference |
US8265637B2 (en) | 2000-08-02 | 2012-09-11 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for modifying antenna radiation patterns of peripheral base stations of a terrestrial network to allow reduced interference |
US6859652B2 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2005-02-22 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Integrated or autonomous system and method of satellite-terrestrial frequency reuse using signal attenuation and/or blockage, dynamic assignment of frequencies and/or hysteresis |
US7792488B2 (en) | 2000-12-04 | 2010-09-07 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for transmitting electromagnetic energy over a wireless channel having sufficiently weak measured signal strength |
US7408948B2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2008-08-05 | Nokia Corporation | Packet mode speech communication |
US7386000B2 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2008-06-10 | Nokia Corporation | Packet mode speech communication |
US7593724B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2009-09-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular satellite frequency spectrum in a time-division duplex mode |
US6785543B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2004-08-31 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Filters for combined radiotelephone/GPS terminals |
US7664460B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2010-02-16 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular satellite frequency spectrum in a time-division duplex and/or frequency-division duplex mode |
US7603081B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2009-10-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Radiotelephones and operating methods that use a single radio frequency chain and a single baseband processor for space-based and terrestrial communications |
US8270898B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2012-09-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite-band spectrum utilization for reduced or minimum interference |
US7218931B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2007-05-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite radiotelephone systems providing staggered sectorization for terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies and related methods and radiotelephone systems |
US7155340B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-12-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Network-assisted global positioning systems, methods and terminals including doppler shift and code phase estimates |
US7792069B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2010-09-07 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular satellite frequency spectrum using different channel separation technologies in forward and reverse links |
US6999720B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-02-14 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Spatial guardbands for terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies |
US7062267B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2006-06-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for modifying satellite antenna cell patterns in response to terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies |
US7890098B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2011-02-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Staggered sectorization for terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies |
US7603117B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2009-10-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for terrestrial use of cellular satellite frequency spectrum |
US7006789B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-02-28 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Space-based network architectures for satellite radiotelephone systems |
US7623859B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2009-11-24 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Additional aggregate radiated power control for multi-band/multi-mode satellite radiotelephone communications systems and methods |
US7447501B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2008-11-04 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for monitoring selected terrestrially used satellite frequency signals to reduce potential interference |
US7113778B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2006-09-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Aggregate radiated power control for multi-band/multi-mode satellite radiotelephone communications systems and methods |
US7181161B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2007-02-20 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Multi-band/multi-mode satellite radiotelephone communications systems and methods |
US7593691B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2009-09-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling a level of interference to a wireless receiver responsive to a power level associated with a wireless transmitter |
US6856787B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2005-02-15 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Wireless communications systems and methods using satellite-linked remote terminal interface subsystems |
US6937857B2 (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2005-08-30 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Systems and methods for reducing satellite feeder link bandwidth/carriers in cellular satellite systems |
US7092708B2 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2006-08-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for increasing capacity and/or quality of service of terrestrial cellular and satellite systems using terrestrial reception of satellite band frequencies |
US7203490B2 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2007-04-10 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite assisted push-to-send radioterminal systems and methods |
US7444170B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2008-10-28 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets |
AU2003901931A0 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2003-05-15 | Thiss Pty Ltd | Radio network assignment and access system |
US6879829B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2005-04-12 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Systems and methods for handover between space based and terrestrial radioterminal communications, and for monitoring terrestrially reused satellite frequencies at a radioterminal to reduce potential interference |
US20040240525A1 (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-02 | Karabinis Peter D. | Wireless communications methods and apparatus using licensed-use system protocols with unlicensed-use access points |
US8670705B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2014-03-11 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Additional intra-and/or inter-system interference reducing systems and methods for satellite communications systems |
US7340213B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2008-03-04 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Intra- and/or inter-system interference reducing systems and methods for satellite communications systems |
US20050041619A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-02-24 | Karabinis Peter D. | Wireless systems, methods and devices employing forward- and/or return-link carriers having different numbers of sub-band carriers |
US7113743B2 (en) | 2003-09-11 | 2006-09-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for inter-system sharing of satellite communications frequencies within a common footprint |
JP2007507184A (en) | 2003-09-23 | 2007-03-22 | エイティーシー・テクノロジーズ,リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | Mobility management system and method in an overlaid mobile communication system |
US8380186B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2013-02-19 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite with different size service link antennas and radioterminal communication methods using same |
US7418236B2 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2008-08-26 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Extraterrestrial communications systems and methods including ancillary extraterrestrial components |
US8655398B2 (en) | 2004-03-08 | 2014-02-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Communications systems and methods including emission detection |
US7933552B2 (en) * | 2004-03-22 | 2011-04-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Multi-band satellite and/or ancillary terrestrial component radioterminal communications systems and methods with combining operation |
US7606590B2 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2009-10-20 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite/hands-free interlock systems and/or companion devices for radioterminals and related methods |
US7636566B2 (en) | 2004-04-12 | 2009-12-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and method with different utilization of satellite frequency bands by a space-based network and an ancillary terrestrial network |
US20050239399A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-10-27 | Karabinis Peter D | Mobile terminals and set top boxes including multiple satellite band service links, and related systems and methods |
US8265549B2 (en) | 2004-05-18 | 2012-09-11 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications systems and methods using radiotelephone |
US20050260984A1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-11-24 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Systems and methods for space-based use of terrestrial cellular frequency spectrum |
WO2006012348A2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-02-02 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Method and system for frequency translation on-board a communications satellite |
WO2006020793A2 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Atc Technologies, Llc | System for reduction of interference between different communications system |
US7639981B2 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2009-12-29 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and methods for power control in satellite communications systems with satellite-linked terrestrial stations |
US20060094420A1 (en) * | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-04 | Karabinis Peter D | Multi frequency band/multi air interface/multi spectrum reuse cluster size/multi cell size satellite radioterminal communicaitons systems and methods |
WO2006055648A2 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications systems, components and methods for operating shared satellite gateways |
US7747229B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2010-06-29 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Electronic antenna beam steering using ancillary receivers and related methods |
US7454175B2 (en) * | 2004-12-07 | 2008-11-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Broadband wireless communications systems and methods using multiple non-contiguous frequency bands/segments |
US8594704B2 (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2013-11-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Location-based broadcast messaging for radioterminal users |
CN101980456A (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2011-02-23 | Atc科技有限责任公司 | Adaptive beam forming with multi-user detection and interference reduction in satellite communiation systems and methods |
US7596111B2 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2009-09-29 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite/terrestrial wireless communications systems and methods using disparate channel separation codes |
US7620394B2 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2009-11-17 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Reusing frequencies of a fixed and/or mobile communications system |
US7738837B2 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2010-06-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellites using inter-satellite links to create indirect feeder link paths |
US7636546B2 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2009-12-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications systems and methods using diverse polarizations |
US7756490B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2010-07-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods, radioterminals, and ancillary terrestrial components for communicating using spectrum allocated to another satellite operator |
US7796986B2 (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2010-09-14 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Modification of transmission values to compensate for interference in a satellite down-link communications |
US7627285B2 (en) * | 2005-03-14 | 2009-12-01 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications systems and methods with distributed and/or centralized architecture including ground-based beam forming |
WO2006099501A1 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems providing adaptive feeder links for ground based beam forming and related systems and satellites |
US7634229B2 (en) * | 2005-03-15 | 2009-12-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Intra-system and/or inter-system reuse of feeder link frequencies including interference suppression systems and methods |
US7453396B2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2008-11-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Radioterminals and associated operating methods that alternate transmission of wireless communications and processing of global positioning system signals |
US7817967B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2010-10-19 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Communications systems including adaptive antenna systems and methods for inter-system and intra-system interference reduction |
US8233554B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2012-07-31 | Eices Research, Inc. | Increased capacity communications for OFDM-based wireless communications systems/methods/devices |
USRE47633E1 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2019-10-01 | Odyssey Wireless Inc. | Systems/methods of conducting a financial transaction using a smartphone |
US8670493B2 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2014-03-11 | Eices Research, Inc. | Systems and/or methods of increased privacy wireless communications |
US7970345B2 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2011-06-28 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods of waveform and/or information splitting for wireless transmission of information to one or more radioterminals over a plurality of transmission paths and/or system elements |
US7907944B2 (en) | 2005-07-05 | 2011-03-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods, apparatus and computer program products for joint decoding of access probes in a CDMA communications system |
US8190114B2 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2012-05-29 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Frequency-dependent filtering for wireless communications transmitters |
US7623867B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2009-11-24 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications apparatus and methods using asymmetrical forward and return link frequency reuse |
US7461756B2 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2008-12-09 | Plastipak Packaging, Inc. | Plastic container having a freestanding, self-supporting base |
ATE466417T1 (en) | 2005-08-09 | 2010-05-15 | Atc Tech Llc | SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS USING SUBSTANTIALLY ADJACENT RADIO CONNECTION ANTENNAS |
US8591457B2 (en) | 2005-08-10 | 2013-11-26 | Alza Corporation | Method for making a needle-free jet injection drug delivery device |
WO2007047370A2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and computer program products for mobility management in hybrid satellite/terrestrial wireless communications systems |
WO2007084681A1 (en) | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for satellite forward link transmit diversity using orthogonal space coding |
US8705436B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2014-04-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Adaptive spotbeam broadcasting, systems, methods and devices for high bandwidth content distribution over satellite |
US8923850B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2014-12-30 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling base station sectors to reduce potential interference with low elevation satellites |
US7751823B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2010-07-06 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling a level of interference to a wireless receiver responsive to an activity factor associated with a wireless transmitter |
US9014619B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2015-04-21 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for satellite communications employing ground-based beam forming with spatially distributed hybrid matrix amplifiers |
US8169955B2 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2012-05-01 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications over satellite links |
WO2008027109A2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-03-06 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and methods for mobility management in hybrid terrestrial-satellite mobile communications systems |
US7844273B2 (en) | 2006-07-14 | 2010-11-30 | Lgc Wireless, Inc. | System for and method of for providing dedicated capacity in a cellular network |
US7848770B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2010-12-07 | Lgc Wireless, Inc. | Distributed antenna communications system and methods of implementing thereof |
KR100728241B1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2007-06-13 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Signal transmission mechanism with diversity gain in satellite communication network |
KR20080036493A (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-04-28 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Network access method in mobile communication system and terminal supporting the same |
US7817958B2 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2010-10-19 | Lgc Wireless Inc. | System for and method of providing remote coverage area for wireless communications |
WO2008086416A2 (en) * | 2007-01-09 | 2008-07-17 | Viasat, Inc. | Scalable satellite deployment |
US8005050B2 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2011-08-23 | Lgc Wireless, Inc. | Localization of a mobile device in distributed antenna communications system |
US8031646B2 (en) | 2007-05-15 | 2011-10-04 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and devices for reusing spectrum of another operator |
US8010116B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2011-08-30 | Lgc Wireless, Inc. | Distributed antenna communications system |
US8064824B2 (en) | 2007-07-03 | 2011-11-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for reducing power robbing impact of interference to a satellite |
US9112547B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2015-08-18 | Adc Telecommunications, Inc. | System for and method of configuring distributed antenna communications system |
CN101399637B (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2012-01-25 | 联想(上海)有限公司 | Method for correcting signal in radio frequency link and pre-corrector |
US7835693B2 (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2010-11-16 | General Dynamics C4 Systems, Inc. | Providing service in a satellite communications system to disadvantaged terminals |
US7978135B2 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2011-07-12 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Antenna beam forming systems/methods using unconstrained phase response |
US8315215B2 (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2012-11-20 | Lantiq Deutschland Gmbh | Intelligent sector channel allocation |
US9374746B1 (en) | 2008-07-07 | 2016-06-21 | Odyssey Wireless, Inc. | Systems/methods of spatial multiplexing |
US8433241B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 | 2013-04-30 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and devices for overlaid operations of satellite and terrestrial wireless communications systems |
US8193975B2 (en) | 2008-11-12 | 2012-06-05 | Atc Technologies | Iterative antenna beam forming systems/methods |
US8290503B2 (en) * | 2009-02-01 | 2012-10-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Multichannel dynamic frequency selection |
US8339308B2 (en) * | 2009-03-16 | 2012-12-25 | Atc Technologies Llc | Antenna beam forming systems, methods and devices using phase adjusted least squares beam forming |
JP4817340B2 (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2011-11-16 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | In-vehicle wireless communication device |
US8971441B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2015-03-03 | Lawrence Livermore National Security, Llc | Transmit-reference methods in software defined radio platforms for communication in harsh propagation environments and systems thereof |
US8520561B2 (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2013-08-27 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and network components that provide different satellite spot beam return carrier groupings and reuse patterns |
CA2769828C (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2017-04-04 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for adaptive interference cancellation beamforming |
US10110288B2 (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2018-10-23 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Frequency division duplex (FDD) return link transmit diversity systems, methods and devices using forward link side information |
US8274925B2 (en) * | 2010-01-05 | 2012-09-25 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Retaining traffic channel assignments for satellite terminals to provide lower latency communication services |
US9806790B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2017-10-31 | Odyssey Wireless, Inc. | Systems/methods of spectrally efficient communications |
KR101341046B1 (en) * | 2010-04-20 | 2013-12-11 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Satellite mobile communication systems considering evolution of satellite mobile communication services market and method for communication using the system |
US8862050B2 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2014-10-14 | Spatial Digital Systems, Inc. | Polarization diversity with portable devices via wavefront muxing techniques |
US8634760B2 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2014-01-21 | Donald C. D. Chang | Polarization re-alignment for mobile terminals via electronic process |
EP2636094B1 (en) | 2010-10-15 | 2020-04-15 | Searete LLC | Surface scattering antennas |
US8938230B2 (en) * | 2012-06-18 | 2015-01-20 | General Motors Llc | Method of communicating between a vehicle and a telematics subscription service |
JP6049876B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 | 2016-12-21 | エンパイア テクノロジー ディベロップメント エルエルシー | Push management scheme |
US20140161028A1 (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2014-06-12 | At&T Mobility Ii Llc | Digital mobile radio front end processor |
US9971062B2 (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2018-05-15 | Spire Global, Inc. | System and method for high-resolution radio occultation measurement through the atmosphere |
US9281890B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-03-08 | Inaccess Networks S.A. | System and method for conveying aeronautical radio voice and signaling over a satellite IP network |
US9385435B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-07-05 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Surface scattering antenna improvements |
US9008696B1 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2015-04-14 | At&T Intellectual Property I, Lp | Method and apparatus for distributing services and data |
US9923271B2 (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2018-03-20 | Elwha Llc | Antenna system having at least two apertures facilitating reduction of interfering signals |
US9935375B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 | 2018-04-03 | Elwha Llc | Surface scattering reflector antenna |
US10236574B2 (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2019-03-19 | Elwha Llc | Holographic aperture antenna configured to define selectable, arbitrary complex electromagnetic fields |
US9843103B2 (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2017-12-12 | Elwha Llc | Methods and apparatus for controlling a surface scattering antenna array |
US9882288B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2018-01-30 | The Invention Science Fund I Llc | Slotted surface scattering antennas |
US9853361B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2017-12-26 | The Invention Science Fund I Llc | Surface scattering antennas with lumped elements |
US10446903B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2019-10-15 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Curved surface scattering antennas |
US9893800B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2018-02-13 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for spectral efficient data transmission in satellite systems |
CN108464030B (en) | 2015-06-15 | 2021-08-24 | 希尔莱特有限责任公司 | Method and system for communicating with beamforming antennas |
AU2016302616B2 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2020-06-25 | Viasat, Inc. | Flexible capacity satellite constellation |
EP3381085A4 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2019-09-04 | Anokiwave, Inc. | Laminar phased array |
US10361481B2 (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2019-07-23 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Surface scattering antennas with frequency shifting for mutual coupling mitigation |
US10334515B2 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2019-06-25 | ENK Wireless, Inc. | Conveying information via auxiliary device selection |
WO2019126826A1 (en) | 2017-12-24 | 2019-06-27 | Anokiwave, Inc. | Beamforming integrated circuit, aesa system and method |
US10681716B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2020-06-09 | ENK Wireless, Inc. | Systems/methods of providing increased wireless capacity, vehicular safety, electrical power wirelessly, and device control responsive to geographic position |
US11100796B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2021-08-24 | ENK Wireless, Inc. | Systems/methods of improving vehicular safety |
US11075740B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2021-07-27 | ENK Wireless, Inc. | Systems/methods of communications using a plurality of cooperative devices |
US10804998B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2020-10-13 | ENK Wireless, Inc. | Systems/methods of providing increased wireless capacity, vehicular safety, electrical power wirelessly, and device control responsive to geographic position |
USD910608S1 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2021-02-16 | Darpan Tandon | Smartphone |
US10560562B1 (en) | 2018-05-09 | 2020-02-11 | Darpan Tandon | Multi-mode smartphone or mobile computing device |
US10998640B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2021-05-04 | Anokiwave, Inc. | Cross-polarized time division duplexed antenna |
CN109714834A (en) * | 2018-12-30 | 2019-05-03 | 北京华力创通科技股份有限公司 | Communication means, apparatus and system |
US20230268988A1 (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2023-08-24 | Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd. | Satellite communication method and apparatus, and core network element and storage medium |
Family Cites Families (223)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5303286A (en) | 1991-03-29 | 1994-04-12 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Wireless telephone/satellite roaming system |
US4901307A (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1990-02-13 | Qualcomm, Inc. | Spread spectrum multiple access communication system using satellite or terrestrial repeaters |
IL91529A0 (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1990-04-29 | Motorola Inc | Satellite cellular telephone and data communication system |
US5092586A (en) * | 1989-09-11 | 1992-03-03 | Tuthill Gary E | Disk exerciser for improving balancing skills |
US5327572A (en) * | 1990-03-06 | 1994-07-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Networked satellite and terrestrial cellular radiotelephone systems |
US5073900A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1991-12-17 | Mallinckrodt Albert J | Integrated cellular communications system |
US5835857A (en) | 1990-03-19 | 1998-11-10 | Celsat America, Inc. | Position determination for reducing unauthorized use of a communication system |
US5878329A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1999-03-02 | Celsat America, Inc. | Power control of an integrated cellular communications system |
US5446756A (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1995-08-29 | Celsat America, Inc. | Integrated cellular communications system |
US5081703A (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-01-14 | Pactel Corporation | Satellite mobile communication system for rural service areas |
GB2253792B (en) | 1991-03-20 | 1993-03-31 | Racal Panorama Ltd | Breathing apparatus |
US5526404A (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 1996-06-11 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Worldwide satellite telephone system and a network coordinating gateway for allocating satellite and terrestrial gateway resources |
US6067442A (en) * | 1991-10-10 | 2000-05-23 | Globalstar L.P. | Satellite communications system having distributed user assignment and resource assignment with terrestrial gateways |
EP0546720B1 (en) * | 1991-11-25 | 1998-06-24 | Motorola, Inc. | Reduced interference through offset frequency partioning in cellular communication systems |
US5737685A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1998-04-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Co-located subscriber unit to subscriber unit communication within a satellite communication system |
CA2105710A1 (en) | 1992-11-12 | 1994-05-13 | Raymond Joseph Leopold | Network of hierarchical communication systems and method therefor |
US6868270B2 (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 2005-03-15 | Telefonaktiebolaget L.M. Ericsson | Dual-mode methods, systems, and terminals providing reduced mobile terminal registrations |
US5619503A (en) * | 1994-01-11 | 1997-04-08 | Ericsson Inc. | Cellular/satellite communications system with improved frequency re-use |
US6157811A (en) | 1994-01-11 | 2000-12-05 | Ericsson Inc. | Cellular/satellite communications system with improved frequency re-use |
US5724666A (en) | 1994-03-24 | 1998-03-03 | Ericsson Inc. | Polarization diversity phased array cellular base station and associated methods |
US5511233A (en) * | 1994-04-05 | 1996-04-23 | Celsat America, Inc. | System and method for mobile communications in coexistence with established communications systems |
JPH09510596A (en) | 1994-06-08 | 1997-10-21 | エイチイー・ホールディングス・インコーポレーテッド・ディー ビーエー・ヒューズ・エレクトロニクス | Apparatus and method for hybrid network access |
US5754961A (en) | 1994-06-20 | 1998-05-19 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Radio communication system including SDL having transmission rate of relatively high speed |
US5584046A (en) | 1994-11-04 | 1996-12-10 | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. | Method and apparatus for spectrum sharing between satellite and terrestrial communication services using temporal and spatial synchronization |
FI98973C (en) | 1994-11-22 | 1997-09-10 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Procedure for maintaining group data in a mobile telephone system as well as a mobile telephone system |
FR2729025B1 (en) * | 1995-01-02 | 1997-03-21 | Europ Agence Spatiale | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TRANSMITTING RADIO SIGNALS VIA A SATELLITE NETWORK BETWEEN A FIXED EARTH STATION AND MOBILE USER TERMINALS |
US5619525A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1997-04-08 | Globalstar L.P. | Closed loop power control for low earth orbit satellite communications system |
US6240124B1 (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 2001-05-29 | Globalstar L.P. | Closed loop power control for low earth orbit satellite communications system |
AU700251B2 (en) | 1995-06-06 | 1998-12-24 | Globalstar L.P. | Satellite repeater diversity resource management system |
EP0755163B1 (en) | 1995-07-20 | 2004-01-02 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Mobile communication system using efficient service area expansion scheme |
WO1997007601A1 (en) | 1995-08-15 | 1997-02-27 | Amsc Subsidiary Corporation | Improved mobile earth terminal |
EP0762669B1 (en) | 1995-08-18 | 2011-06-15 | Ntt Mobile Communications Network Inc. | Communication mode switching method for mobile station |
US5717830A (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 1998-02-10 | Amsc Subsidiary Corporation | Satellite trunked radio service system |
US5991345A (en) | 1995-09-22 | 1999-11-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Method and apparatus for diversity enhancement using pseudo-multipath signals |
US5842125A (en) | 1995-11-30 | 1998-11-24 | Amsc Subsidiary Corporation | Network control center for satellite communication system |
US6272341B1 (en) | 1995-11-30 | 2001-08-07 | Motient Services Inc. | Network engineering/systems engineering system for mobile satellite communication system |
US5926745A (en) * | 1995-11-30 | 1999-07-20 | Amsc Subsidiary Corporation | Network operations center for mobile earth terminal satellite communications system |
CA2239985C (en) | 1995-12-08 | 2002-05-14 | Amsc Subsidiary Corporation | Mobile communications terminal for satellite communications system |
US5828952A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1998-10-27 | Motorola, Inc. | System and method for executing signalling cut-through |
US5930708A (en) | 1996-03-21 | 1999-07-27 | Trw Inc. | Communications satellite router-formatter |
US6112083A (en) * | 1996-03-27 | 2000-08-29 | Amsc Subsidiary Corporation | Full service dispatcher for satellite trunked radio service system |
US6118472A (en) * | 1996-06-05 | 2000-09-12 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for seamless connectivity of wide-band networks and narrow-band networks |
US6449461B1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 2002-09-10 | Celsat America, Inc. | System for mobile communications in coexistence with communication systems having priority |
US5809141A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1998-09-15 | Ericsson Inc. | Method and apparatus for enabling mobile-to-mobile calls in a communication system |
US5926758A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1999-07-20 | Leo One Ip, L.L.C. | Radio frequency sharing methods for satellite systems |
US6072768A (en) * | 1996-09-04 | 2000-06-06 | Globalstar L.P. | Automatic satellite/terrestrial mobile terminal roaming system and method |
GB2317303B (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 1998-08-26 | I Co Global Communications | Communications apparatus and method |
GB2317074B (en) | 1996-09-09 | 1998-10-28 | I Co Global Communications | Communications apparatus and method |
US5946625A (en) * | 1996-10-10 | 1999-08-31 | Ericsson, Inc. | Method for improving co-channel interference in a cellular system |
US5761605A (en) * | 1996-10-11 | 1998-06-02 | Northpoint Technology, Ltd. | Apparatus and method for reusing satellite broadcast spectrum for terrestrially broadcast signals |
US5896558A (en) | 1996-12-19 | 1999-04-20 | Globalstar L.P. | Interactive fixed and mobile satellite network |
US6091933A (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 2000-07-18 | Globalstar L.P. | Multiple satellite system power allocation by communication link optimization |
US5912641A (en) * | 1997-01-21 | 1999-06-15 | Globalstar L.P. | Indoor satellite cellular repeater system |
US5872544A (en) | 1997-02-04 | 1999-02-16 | Gec-Marconi Hazeltine Corporation Electronic Systems Division | Cellular antennas with improved front-to-back performance |
US5933421A (en) | 1997-02-06 | 1999-08-03 | At&T Wireless Services Inc. | Method for frequency division duplex communications |
JPH10261987A (en) * | 1997-03-19 | 1998-09-29 | Fujitsu Ltd | Two-layer constitution satellite communication system and its geostationary satellite |
US5937332A (en) * | 1997-03-21 | 1999-08-10 | Ericsson, Inc. | Satellite telecommunications repeaters and retransmission methods |
EP0869628A1 (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 1998-10-07 | ICO Services Ltd. | Interworking between telecommunications networks |
GB2324218A (en) * | 1997-04-09 | 1998-10-14 | Ico Services Ltd | Satellite acquisition in navigation system |
US5884142A (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-03-16 | Globalstar L.P. | Low earth orbit distributed gateway communication system |
US6073006A (en) * | 1997-05-05 | 2000-06-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting and preventing fraud in a satellite communication system |
US6006084A (en) * | 1997-05-27 | 1999-12-21 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing billing services for a mobile group of communication system users |
US6032041A (en) * | 1997-06-02 | 2000-02-29 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Method and system for providing wideband communications to mobile users in a satellite-based network |
US6134437A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 2000-10-17 | Ericsson Inc. | Dual-mode satellite/cellular phone architecture with physically separable mode |
US6549206B1 (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 2003-04-15 | France Telecom And Telediffusion De France | Graphic scene animation signal, corresponding method and device |
US6011951A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-01-04 | Teledesic Llc | Technique for sharing radio frequency spectrum in multiple satellite communication systems |
US6052586A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2000-04-18 | Ericsson Inc. | Fixed and mobile satellite radiotelephone systems and methods with capacity sharing |
US6085094A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2000-07-04 | Nortel Networks Corporation | Method for optimizing spectral re-use |
US6073014A (en) | 1997-09-04 | 2000-06-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for dynamic group radio using existing telephony infrastructure |
JPH1188742A (en) * | 1997-09-09 | 1999-03-30 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Electronic camera |
US5907541A (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-05-25 | Lockheed Martin Corp. | Architecture for an integrated mobile and fixed telecommunications system including a spacecraft |
US6101385A (en) * | 1997-10-09 | 2000-08-08 | Globalstar L.P. | Satellite communication service with non-congruent sub-beam coverage |
US6052560A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 2000-04-18 | Ericsson Inc | Satellite system utilizing a plurality of air interface standards and method employing same |
US6201797B1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2001-03-13 | At&T Wireless Services Inc. | High bandwidth delivery and internet access for airborne passengers |
US6157834A (en) | 1997-12-29 | 2000-12-05 | Motorola, Inc. | Terrestrial and satellite cellular network interoperability |
US6418147B1 (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 2002-07-09 | Globalstar Lp | Multiple vocoder mobile satellite telephone system |
US6088571A (en) * | 1998-01-30 | 2000-07-11 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for multi-constellation satellite broadcast with error correction |
FR2774828B1 (en) * | 1998-02-06 | 2000-04-21 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | SPACE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE SATELLITE, AND PROCESS FOR SYNCHRONIZING SUCH A SYSTEM |
US7430257B1 (en) * | 1998-02-12 | 2008-09-30 | Lot 41 Acquisition Foundation, Llc | Multicarrier sub-layer for direct sequence channel and multiple-access coding |
US6205337B1 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 2001-03-20 | Alcatel Canada Inc. | Use of sectorized polarization diversity as a means of increasing capacity in cellular wireless systems |
US6411824B1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2002-06-25 | Conexant Systems, Inc. | Polarization-adaptive antenna transmit diversity system |
US6735437B2 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2004-05-11 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Communication system employing reuse of satellite spectrum for terrestrial communication |
US6418316B2 (en) | 1998-08-06 | 2002-07-09 | Harris Corporation | Increasing channel capacity of wireless local loop via polarization diversity antenna distribution scheme |
US6775251B1 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2004-08-10 | Globalstar L.P. | Satellite communication system providing multi-gateway diversity and improved satellite loading |
US6198730B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2001-03-06 | Motorola, Inc. | Systems and method for use in a dual mode satellite communications system |
US6198921B1 (en) * | 1998-11-16 | 2001-03-06 | Emil Youssefzadeh | Method and system for providing rural subscriber telephony service using an integrated satellite/cell system |
EP1059826A4 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2005-08-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Mobile communication device and mobile communication system |
US6356755B1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2002-03-12 | Ericsson Inc. | Methods and arrangements for controlling re-registration of a mobile communications station based on satellite call optimization |
US6301466B1 (en) * | 1998-12-22 | 2001-10-09 | Ericsson Inc. | System and method for optimization of call forwarding on busy for an optimized mobile station within a satellite network |
US6349206B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2002-02-19 | Ericsson Inc | Method, system and apparatus for providing a warning when a mobile terminal may lose service |
US6301263B1 (en) * | 1999-03-24 | 2001-10-09 | Qualcomm Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing fair access in a group communication system in which users experience differing signaling delays |
US6377817B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2002-04-23 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Asymmetric data transmission for use in a multi-modulation environment |
US6253080B1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2001-06-26 | Globalstar L.P. | Low earth orbit distributed gateway communication system |
US6522865B1 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2003-02-18 | David D. Otten | Hybrid satellite communications system |
US20030149986A1 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2003-08-07 | Mayfield William W. | Security system for defeating satellite television piracy |
US7174127B2 (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2007-02-06 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Data communications systems and methods using different wireless links for inbound and outbound data |
US6493556B1 (en) * | 1999-08-30 | 2002-12-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Apparatus and method for message routing using disparate communications networks |
US6768906B2 (en) * | 1999-09-13 | 2004-07-27 | Motorola, Inc. | System and technique for plane switchover in an aircraft based wireless communication system |
US6438355B1 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2002-08-20 | Ericsson Inc. | Method and system for deterministic charging in a satellite communications system |
CA2325289A1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-10 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Improved mobile to mobile calls |
US6591111B1 (en) * | 1999-12-10 | 2003-07-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Group radio communication system and method using interconnected radio sub-networks |
AU2001234488A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2001-07-31 | Ericsson Inc. | Diversity system method in a satellite telecommunication network |
GB2365677A (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2002-02-20 | Ico Services Ltd | Satellite communications with satellite routing according to channels assignment |
US6526278B1 (en) | 2000-03-03 | 2003-02-25 | Motorola, Inc. | Mobile satellite communication system utilizing polarization diversity combining |
US6477150B1 (en) * | 2000-03-03 | 2002-11-05 | Qualcomm, Inc. | System and method for providing group communication services in an existing communication system |
US6785510B2 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2004-08-31 | Salbu Resarch & Development (Proprietary) Limited | Routing in a multi-station network |
US6735184B1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2004-05-11 | Ericsson Inc | Internet protocol network architecture for a global satellite system |
WO2001082503A1 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2001-11-01 | Ico Services Ltd. | Collision avoidance of rach signals in a tdma satellite communication system |
JP3609375B2 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2005-01-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Connection control method for mobile communication system |
US20040203393A1 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2004-10-14 | Xiang Chen | System and method for offsetting channel spectrum to reduce interference between two communication networks |
US6859652B2 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2005-02-22 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Integrated or autonomous system and method of satellite-terrestrial frequency reuse using signal attenuation and/or blockage, dynamic assignment of frequencies and/or hysteresis |
US8265637B2 (en) | 2000-08-02 | 2012-09-11 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for modifying antenna radiation patterns of peripheral base stations of a terrestrial network to allow reduced interference |
US7558568B2 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2009-07-07 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for modifying antenna radiation patterns of peripheral base stations of a terrestrial network to allow reduced interference |
US6892068B2 (en) | 2000-08-02 | 2005-05-10 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Coordinated satellite-terrestrial frequency reuse |
US6628919B1 (en) * | 2000-08-09 | 2003-09-30 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Low-cost multi-mission broadband communications payload |
NO312929B1 (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2002-07-15 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Optimized mobile-to-mobile call handling in satellite networks using GPRS / UMTS network architecture |
US7031290B2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2006-04-18 | L3 Communications Corporation | Code assignment algorithm for synchronous DS-CDMA links with SDMA using channel scanning |
US7079480B2 (en) * | 2000-10-28 | 2006-07-18 | Agee Brian G | Enhancing security and efficiency of wireless communications through structural embedding |
ATE522032T1 (en) | 2000-12-04 | 2011-09-15 | Atc Tech Llc | INTEGRATED OR INDEPENDENT ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR REUSE OF SATELLITE EARTH FREQUENCIES THROUGH SIGNAL ATTENUATION AND/OR SIGNAL BLOCKING, DYNAMIC FREQUENCY ALLOCATION AND/OR HYSTERESIS |
US7792488B2 (en) | 2000-12-04 | 2010-09-07 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for transmitting electromagnetic energy over a wireless channel having sufficiently weak measured signal strength |
US20030003815A1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2003-01-02 | Yoshiko Yamada | Communication satellite/land circuits selection communications system |
US6950625B2 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2005-09-27 | Ico Services Limited | Communications apparatus and method |
ATE297615T1 (en) | 2001-02-12 | 2005-06-15 | Ico Services Ltd | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS IN DUAL EARTH-SATELLITE MODE |
WO2002076703A2 (en) * | 2001-03-21 | 2002-10-03 | Bosch Rexroth Ag | Electromechanical clamping device |
US6714760B2 (en) | 2001-05-10 | 2004-03-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Multi-mode satellite and terrestrial communication device |
US6904288B2 (en) * | 2001-05-15 | 2005-06-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Controller for providing an efficient dormant mode for a group communication network |
US7890987B2 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2011-02-15 | Opentv, Inc. | Method and apparatus for improved acquisition and monitoring of event information table sections |
US6549759B2 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-04-15 | Ensemble Communications, Inc. | Asymmetric adaptive modulation in a wireless communication system |
US7623859B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2009-11-24 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Additional aggregate radiated power control for multi-band/multi-mode satellite radiotelephone communications systems and methods |
US7155340B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-12-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Network-assisted global positioning systems, methods and terminals including doppler shift and code phase estimates |
US7792069B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2010-09-07 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular satellite frequency spectrum using different channel separation technologies in forward and reverse links |
US7664460B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2010-02-16 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular satellite frequency spectrum in a time-division duplex and/or frequency-division duplex mode |
US6785543B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2004-08-31 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Filters for combined radiotelephone/GPS terminals |
US8270898B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2012-09-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite-band spectrum utilization for reduced or minimum interference |
US7062267B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-06-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for modifying satellite antenna cell patterns in response to terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies |
US7603117B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2009-10-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for terrestrial use of cellular satellite frequency spectrum |
US7006789B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2006-02-28 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Space-based network architectures for satellite radiotelephone systems |
US7039400B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-05-02 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for monitoring terrestrially reused satellite frequencies to reduce potential interference |
US7603081B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2009-10-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Radiotelephones and operating methods that use a single radio frequency chain and a single baseband processor for space-based and terrestrial communications |
US7031702B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-04-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Additional systems and methods for monitoring terrestrially reused satellite frequencies to reduce potential interference |
US7890098B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2011-02-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Staggered sectorization for terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies |
US7447501B2 (en) | 2001-09-14 | 2008-11-04 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for monitoring selected terrestrially used satellite frequency signals to reduce potential interference |
US6684057B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2004-01-27 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular satellite frequency spectrum |
US7218931B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2007-05-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite radiotelephone systems providing staggered sectorization for terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies and related methods and radiotelephone systems |
US6999720B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-02-14 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Spatial guardbands for terrestrial reuse of satellite frequencies |
US7593724B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2009-09-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for terrestrial reuse of cellular satellite frequency spectrum in a time-division duplex mode |
US7181161B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2007-02-20 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Multi-band/multi-mode satellite radiotelephone communications systems and methods |
US7113778B2 (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2006-09-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Aggregate radiated power control for multi-band/multi-mode satellite radiotelephone communications systems and methods |
JP4052835B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2008-02-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Wireless transmission system for multipoint relay and wireless device used therefor |
US7149521B2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2006-12-12 | Winphoria Networks, Inc. | Method, system and apparatus for providing mobility management of a mobile station in WLAN and WWAN environments |
US6941136B2 (en) * | 2002-02-11 | 2005-09-06 | The Chamberlain Group, Inc. | Method and apparatus for memory cloning for a control device |
US6856787B2 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2005-02-15 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Wireless communications systems and methods using satellite-linked remote terminal interface subsystems |
US7593691B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2009-09-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling a level of interference to a wireless receiver responsive to a power level associated with a wireless transmitter |
US6892066B2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2005-05-10 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method, apparatus, and computer program product for an assistance transponder |
US6937857B2 (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2005-08-30 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Systems and methods for reducing satellite feeder link bandwidth/carriers in cellular satellite systems |
US8121605B2 (en) * | 2002-06-27 | 2012-02-21 | Globalstar, Inc. | Resource allocation to terrestrial and satellite services |
US6763226B1 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-07-13 | Computer Science Central, Inc. | Multifunctional world wide walkie talkie, a tri-frequency cellular-satellite wireless instant messenger computer and network for establishing global wireless volp quality of service (qos) communications, unified messaging, and video conferencing via the internet |
US7068975B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2006-06-27 | The Directv Group, Inc. | Systems and methods for sharing uplink bandwidth among satellites in a common orbital slot |
US7092708B2 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2006-08-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for increasing capacity and/or quality of service of terrestrial cellular and satellite systems using terrestrial reception of satellite band frequencies |
US7421342B2 (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2008-09-02 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Network-assisted global positioning systems, methods and terminals including doppler shift and code phase estimates |
US6975837B1 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2005-12-13 | The Directv Group, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing interference between terrestrially-based and space-based broadcast systems |
US7444170B2 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2008-10-28 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets |
US7203490B2 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2007-04-10 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite assisted push-to-send radioterminal systems and methods |
US7659301B2 (en) * | 2003-04-15 | 2010-02-09 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods and devices for epithelial protection during photodynamic therapy |
US6879829B2 (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2005-04-12 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Systems and methods for handover between space based and terrestrial radioterminal communications, and for monitoring terrestrially reused satellite frequencies at a radioterminal to reduce potential interference |
JP4564012B2 (en) | 2003-05-28 | 2010-10-20 | テレフオンアクチーボラゲット エル エム エリクソン(パブル) | Method and system for a wireless communication network utilizing relay |
US20040240525A1 (en) | 2003-05-29 | 2004-12-02 | Karabinis Peter D. | Wireless communications methods and apparatus using licensed-use system protocols with unlicensed-use access points |
US7184703B1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2007-02-27 | Nortel Networks Limited | Multi-hop wireless communications system having relay equipments which select signals to forward |
US8670705B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2014-03-11 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Additional intra-and/or inter-system interference reducing systems and methods for satellite communications systems |
US7340213B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2008-03-04 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Intra- and/or inter-system interference reducing systems and methods for satellite communications systems |
US20050041619A1 (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-02-24 | Karabinis Peter D. | Wireless systems, methods and devices employing forward- and/or return-link carriers having different numbers of sub-band carriers |
US7113743B2 (en) * | 2003-09-11 | 2006-09-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for inter-system sharing of satellite communications frequencies within a common footprint |
JP2007507184A (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2007-03-22 | エイティーシー・テクノロジーズ,リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニー | Mobility management system and method in an overlaid mobile communication system |
SE0303602D0 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2003-12-30 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Method and arrangement in self-organizing cooperative network |
US8380186B2 (en) * | 2004-01-22 | 2013-02-19 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite with different size service link antennas and radioterminal communication methods using same |
US8005462B2 (en) * | 2004-02-17 | 2011-08-23 | Teamon Systems, Inc. | System and method of retrieving electronic mail |
US7418236B2 (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2008-08-26 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Extraterrestrial communications systems and methods including ancillary extraterrestrial components |
US7453920B2 (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2008-11-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Code synchronization in CDMA satellite wireless communications system using uplink channel detection |
US7933552B2 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2011-04-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Multi-band satellite and/or ancillary terrestrial component radioterminal communications systems and methods with combining operation |
US7606590B2 (en) * | 2004-04-07 | 2009-10-20 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite/hands-free interlock systems and/or companion devices for radioterminals and related methods |
US7636566B2 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2009-12-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and method with different utilization of satellite frequency bands by a space-based network and an ancillary terrestrial network |
US20050239399A1 (en) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-10-27 | Karabinis Peter D | Mobile terminals and set top boxes including multiple satellite band service links, and related systems and methods |
US8265549B2 (en) | 2004-05-18 | 2012-09-11 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications systems and methods using radiotelephone |
US20050260984A1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2005-11-24 | Mobile Satellite Ventures, Lp | Systems and methods for space-based use of terrestrial cellular frequency spectrum |
WO2006012348A2 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2006-02-02 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Method and system for frequency translation on-board a communications satellite |
WO2006020793A2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-23 | Atc Technologies, Llc | System for reduction of interference between different communications system |
US20060094420A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2006-05-04 | Karabinis Peter D | Multi frequency band/multi air interface/multi spectrum reuse cluster size/multi cell size satellite radioterminal communicaitons systems and methods |
US7639981B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2009-12-29 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and methods for power control in satellite communications systems with satellite-linked terrestrial stations |
WO2006055648A2 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications systems, components and methods for operating shared satellite gateways |
US7747229B2 (en) | 2004-11-19 | 2010-06-29 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Electronic antenna beam steering using ancillary receivers and related methods |
US7454175B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 | 2008-11-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Broadband wireless communications systems and methods using multiple non-contiguous frequency bands/segments |
US8594704B2 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2013-11-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Location-based broadcast messaging for radioterminal users |
CN101980456A (en) | 2005-01-05 | 2011-02-23 | Atc科技有限责任公司 | Adaptive beam forming with multi-user detection and interference reduction in satellite communiation systems and methods |
US7596111B2 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2009-09-29 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite/terrestrial wireless communications systems and methods using disparate channel separation codes |
US7636546B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2009-12-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications systems and methods using diverse polarizations |
US7738837B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2010-06-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellites using inter-satellite links to create indirect feeder link paths |
US7620394B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2009-11-17 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Reusing frequencies of a fixed and/or mobile communications system |
US7756490B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 | 2010-07-13 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods, radioterminals, and ancillary terrestrial components for communicating using spectrum allocated to another satellite operator |
US7587171B2 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2009-09-08 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Reducing interference in a wireless communications signal in the frequency domain |
US7796986B2 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2010-09-14 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Modification of transmission values to compensate for interference in a satellite down-link communications |
US7627285B2 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2009-12-01 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications systems and methods with distributed and/or centralized architecture including ground-based beam forming |
WO2006099501A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems providing adaptive feeder links for ground based beam forming and related systems and satellites |
US7634229B2 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2009-12-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Intra-system and/or inter-system reuse of feeder link frequencies including interference suppression systems and methods |
US7453396B2 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2008-11-18 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Radioterminals and associated operating methods that alternate transmission of wireless communications and processing of global positioning system signals |
US7817967B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2010-10-19 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Communications systems including adaptive antenna systems and methods for inter-system and intra-system interference reduction |
US7970345B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2011-06-28 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods of waveform and/or information splitting for wireless transmission of information to one or more radioterminals over a plurality of transmission paths and/or system elements |
US7907944B2 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2011-03-15 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods, apparatus and computer program products for joint decoding of access probes in a CDMA communications system |
US8190114B2 (en) * | 2005-07-20 | 2012-05-29 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Frequency-dependent filtering for wireless communications transmitters |
US7623867B2 (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2009-11-24 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Satellite communications apparatus and methods using asymmetrical forward and return link frequency reuse |
ATE466417T1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2010-05-15 | Atc Tech Llc | SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND METHODS USING SUBSTANTIALLY ADJACENT RADIO CONNECTION ANTENNAS |
WO2007047370A2 (en) | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and computer program products for mobility management in hybrid satellite/terrestrial wireless communications systems |
WO2007084681A1 (en) * | 2006-01-20 | 2007-07-26 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for satellite forward link transmit diversity using orthogonal space coding |
US8705436B2 (en) | 2006-02-15 | 2014-04-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Adaptive spotbeam broadcasting, systems, methods and devices for high bandwidth content distribution over satellite |
WO2007100774A1 (en) | 2006-02-28 | 2007-09-07 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and transceivers for wireless communications over discontiguous spectrum segments |
US7751823B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2010-07-06 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling a level of interference to a wireless receiver responsive to an activity factor associated with a wireless transmitter |
US8923850B2 (en) | 2006-04-13 | 2014-12-30 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling base station sectors to reduce potential interference with low elevation satellites |
US9014619B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2015-04-21 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for satellite communications employing ground-based beam forming with spatially distributed hybrid matrix amplifiers |
US8169955B2 (en) | 2006-06-19 | 2012-05-01 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications over satellite links |
WO2008027109A2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2008-03-06 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and methods for mobility management in hybrid terrestrial-satellite mobile communications systems |
US8060082B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2011-11-15 | Globalstar, Inc. | Ancillary terrestrial component services using multiple frequency bands |
US8064824B2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2011-11-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for reducing power robbing impact of interference to a satellite |
US7978135B2 (en) | 2008-02-15 | 2011-07-12 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Antenna beam forming systems/methods using unconstrained phase response |
US8433241B2 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2013-04-30 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and devices for overlaid operations of satellite and terrestrial wireless communications systems |
-
2004
- 2004-03-08 US US10/795,620 patent/US7203490B2/en active Active
- 2004-03-17 CA CA2863510A patent/CA2863510C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-17 AU AU2004222905A patent/AU2004222905C1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-03-17 MX MXPA05010286A patent/MXPA05010286A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-03-17 EP EP10002867A patent/EP2209222A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-17 WO PCT/US2004/008012 patent/WO2004086176A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-03-17 CA CA2863514A patent/CA2863514C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-17 EP EP04757742A patent/EP1606690A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-17 CA CA2516760A patent/CA2516760C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-11-21 US US11/562,094 patent/US8170474B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-01-29 US US12/021,515 patent/US7831201B2/en active Active
- 2008-10-29 AU AU2008237565A patent/AU2008237565B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2010
- 2010-03-01 US US12/714,789 patent/US8108004B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2010-04-20 US US12/763,638 patent/US20100210209A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-04-20 US US12/763,552 patent/US20100210262A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2011
- 2011-04-27 US US13/095,553 patent/US8340592B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2011-12-22 US US13/334,926 patent/US20120093069A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004086176A3 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
US8340592B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
AU2004222905B2 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
US20100210209A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
CA2863514C (en) | 2016-10-11 |
EP1606690A4 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
US8170474B2 (en) | 2012-05-01 |
US8108004B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
CA2863510A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
CA2516760A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
AU2008237565A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
US20100210262A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
EP2209222A2 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
MXPA05010286A (en) | 2005-11-17 |
US20120093069A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
US20080119190A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
CA2516760C (en) | 2013-07-23 |
US20070099562A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
WO2004086176A2 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
EP2209222A3 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
US20110201326A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
US20100157929A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
AU2004222905C1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
EP1606690A2 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
AU2008237565B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
US7203490B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
AU2004222905A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
US7831201B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
CA2863510C (en) | 2016-11-15 |
US20040192200A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2863514C (en) | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets | |
CA2517067C (en) | Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets | |
Cavers | Single-user and multiuser adaptive maximal ratio transmission for Rayleigh channels | |
CN101300878B (en) | Data transmission device and method in communication system | |
EP1989788B1 (en) | Network and method for providing a multiple input/multiple output (mimo) channel interface | |
US7822142B2 (en) | Method and device for cancelling interference in wireless communication system | |
EP1349297A1 (en) | A closed loop multiple antenna system | |
US8265213B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for cancellation of partially known interference using transmit diversity based interference cancellation | |
US7133477B2 (en) | Robust low complexity multi-antenna adaptive minimum mean square error equalizer | |
Wennstrom et al. | Transmit antenna diversity in Ricean fading MIMO channels with co-channel interference | |
Chehri et al. | Phy-MAC MIMO precoder design for sub-6 GHz backhaul small cell | |
Cavers | Multiuser transmitter diversity through adaptive downlink beamforming | |
Cai et al. | Differential space-time modulation with transmit-beamforming for correlated MIMO fading channels | |
Liang et al. | Combining transmit beamforming, space-time block coding and delay spread reduction | |
Al-Qahtani et al. | Relay Selection in Distributed Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coded Networks | |
Ho et al. | Two-way relaying with multiple antennas using covariance feedback | |
Cavers | Single User and Multiuser Adaptive Transmitter Diversity for Rayleigh Channels | |
Loundu et al. | Estimating the capacity of a frequency-selective fading mobile radio channel with antenna diversity | |
Agubor et al. | Comparative Analysis of Multiple and Single Antenna Applications in Mobile Wireless Communication | |
Sohaib | Energy efficient cooperative wireless communications | |
Sigdel et al. | Interference suppression through adaptive subset antenna transmission in interference limited MIMO wireless environments | |
JOEL et al. | Realization of Area and Power Optimized Soft Output Signal Detector for MIMO Systems | |
Yoon et al. | Design of MIMO-OFDM multi-hop relaying with cooperative base station | |
Alhusseiny | MIMO System Provision to high Capacity & Performances for Next Generation Network; Reviewing Technologies | |
Li et al. | Direction-time transmission for fast fading vector channel |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20140908 |
|
MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20220301 |
|
MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20200831 |