CA2863510A1 - Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets - Google Patents
Co-channel wireless communication methods and systems using nonsymmetrical alphabets Download PDFInfo
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- CA2863510A1 CA2863510A1 CA2863510A CA2863510A CA2863510A1 CA 2863510 A1 CA2863510 A1 CA 2863510A1 CA 2863510 A CA2863510 A CA 2863510A CA 2863510 A CA2863510 A CA 2863510A CA 2863510 A1 CA2863510 A1 CA 2863510A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
- H04W52/42—TPC being performed in particular situations in systems with time, space, frequency or polarisation diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
- H04B7/026—Co-operative diversity, e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/0848—Joint weighting
- H04B7/0854—Joint weighting using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
- H04B7/18584—Arrangements for data networking, i.e. for data packet routing, for congestion control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0491—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/38—TPC being performed in particular situations
Abstract
A wireless communication method comprises, receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel, relaying the wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link and using the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
Description
CO-CHANNEL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHODS AND SYSTEMS
USING NONSYMMETRICAL ALPHABETS
Field of the Invention This invention relates to wireless communications methods and systems, and more particularly to wireless communication systems and methods that can communicate co-channel.
Background of the Invention Polarization diversity receiving systems and methods are well known in wireless communications. For example, a wireless terminal may transmit a linearly-polarized signal that may be received by orthogonally polarized antennas (e.g., horizontal and vertical polarization) at a base station (terrestrial or space-based) to thereby separately receive -.orthogonally polarized portions of the transmitted signal. The orthogonally polarized portions may be combined to effectively increase link robustness, since many channel degradations such as fading, are largely uncorrelated when comparing antennas of orthogonal polarizations. See for example, U.S. Patent 6,526,278 to Hanson et al. entitled Mobile Satellite Communication System Utilizing Polarization Diversity Combining; U.S. Patent 5,724,666 to Dent entitled Polarization Diversity Phased Array Cellular Base Station and Associated Methods;
U.S. Patent 6,418,316 to Hildebrand et al. entitled Increasing Channel Capacity of Wireless Local Loop via Polarization Diversity Antenna Distribution Scheme;
and U.S. Patent 6,445,926 to Boch et al. entitled Use of Sectorized Polarization Diversity as a Means of Increasing Capacity in Cellular Wireless Systems.
Other systems and methods that use polarization effects in wireless communications are described in the following publications: Andrews et al., Tripling the Capacity of Wireless Communications Using Electromagnetic Polarization, Nature, Vol. 409, January 18, 2001, pp. 316-318; Wolniansky et al., V-BLAST:
An Architecture for Realizing Very High Data Rates Over the Rich-Scattering Wireless Channel, Invited paper, Proc. ISSSE-98, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 29, 1998, pp. 295-300; and Cusani et al., A Simple Polarization-Recovery Algorithm for Dual-Polarized Cellular Mobile-Radio Systems in Time-Variant Faded Environments, IEEE Transactions in Vehicular Technology, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 220-228.
It is also known to use diversity concepts to increase the capacity of wireless communications. See, for example, the following publications: Miller et al., Estimation of Co-Channel Signals With Linear Complexity, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 49, No. 11, November 2001, pp. 1997-2005; and Wong et al., Performance Enhancement of Multiuser MIMO Wireless Communications Systems, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 50, No. 12, December 2002, pp. 1960-1970.
Summary of the Invention Some embodiments of the present invention transmit wireless communications from at least two radioterminals to a base station co-channel over a return link using a return link alphabet, and transmit wireless communications from the base station to the at least two radioterminals over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. As used herein, the term "co-channel" indicates signals that overlap in time and space, and that use the same carrier frequency, the same time slot if the signals are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signals, and the same spreading code if the signals are Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals, such that the two signals collide at a receiver.
USING NONSYMMETRICAL ALPHABETS
Field of the Invention This invention relates to wireless communications methods and systems, and more particularly to wireless communication systems and methods that can communicate co-channel.
Background of the Invention Polarization diversity receiving systems and methods are well known in wireless communications. For example, a wireless terminal may transmit a linearly-polarized signal that may be received by orthogonally polarized antennas (e.g., horizontal and vertical polarization) at a base station (terrestrial or space-based) to thereby separately receive -.orthogonally polarized portions of the transmitted signal. The orthogonally polarized portions may be combined to effectively increase link robustness, since many channel degradations such as fading, are largely uncorrelated when comparing antennas of orthogonal polarizations. See for example, U.S. Patent 6,526,278 to Hanson et al. entitled Mobile Satellite Communication System Utilizing Polarization Diversity Combining; U.S. Patent 5,724,666 to Dent entitled Polarization Diversity Phased Array Cellular Base Station and Associated Methods;
U.S. Patent 6,418,316 to Hildebrand et al. entitled Increasing Channel Capacity of Wireless Local Loop via Polarization Diversity Antenna Distribution Scheme;
and U.S. Patent 6,445,926 to Boch et al. entitled Use of Sectorized Polarization Diversity as a Means of Increasing Capacity in Cellular Wireless Systems.
Other systems and methods that use polarization effects in wireless communications are described in the following publications: Andrews et al., Tripling the Capacity of Wireless Communications Using Electromagnetic Polarization, Nature, Vol. 409, January 18, 2001, pp. 316-318; Wolniansky et al., V-BLAST:
An Architecture for Realizing Very High Data Rates Over the Rich-Scattering Wireless Channel, Invited paper, Proc. ISSSE-98, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 29, 1998, pp. 295-300; and Cusani et al., A Simple Polarization-Recovery Algorithm for Dual-Polarized Cellular Mobile-Radio Systems in Time-Variant Faded Environments, IEEE Transactions in Vehicular Technology, Vol. 49, No. 1, January 2000, pp. 220-228.
It is also known to use diversity concepts to increase the capacity of wireless communications. See, for example, the following publications: Miller et al., Estimation of Co-Channel Signals With Linear Complexity, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 49, No. 11, November 2001, pp. 1997-2005; and Wong et al., Performance Enhancement of Multiuser MIMO Wireless Communications Systems, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 50, No. 12, December 2002, pp. 1960-1970.
Summary of the Invention Some embodiments of the present invention transmit wireless communications from at least two radioterminals to a base station co-channel over a return link using a return link alphabet, and transmit wireless communications from the base station to the at least two radioterminals over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. As used herein, the term "co-channel" indicates signals that overlap in time and space, and that use the same carrier frequency, the same time slot if the signals are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signals, and the same spreading code if the signals are Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals, such that the two signals collide at a receiver.
2 Embodiments of the present invention can allow the co-channel signals to be decoded or deciphered at the receiver, and can allow the radioterminals to use a smaller return link alphabet which can reduce the power dissipation at the radioterminals.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the wireless communications Other embodiments of the present invention transmit wireless communications transmitted from the base station to at least one antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals, to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals and/or to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas at each of the at least two radioterminals, co-channel over a forward link using a forward link alphabet
In some embodiments of the present invention, the wireless communications Other embodiments of the present invention transmit wireless communications transmitted from the base station to at least one antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals, to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at each of the at least two radioterminals and/or to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas at each of the at least two radioterminals, co-channel over a forward link using a forward link alphabet
3 that has more symbols than the return link alphabet, as was described above.
Transmission from the base station may use at least one antenna, at least one linearly- polarized antenna, at least two linearly-polarized antennas, at least two linearly-polarized antennas in a sector, at least one linearly-polarized antenna in at least two sectors and/or at least one linearly-polarized antenna at two or more base stations, as was described above.
In other embodiments of the present invention, wireless communications are received from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate the first radioterminal over a forward link, co-channel.
The wireless communications are relayed from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link. The wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link are used to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
Moreover, these embodiments may be combined with any of the embodiments that were described above.
Still other embodiments of the present invention bidirectionally transmit wireless communications co-channel in time division duplex from at least two radioterminals to a base station over a return link using a return link alphabet, and from the base station to the at least two radioterminals over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. These embodiments also may be combined with any of the embodiments that were described above.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless communication method comprising: receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radiotenninal that is proximate the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel; relaying the wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link; and using the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
Transmission from the base station may use at least one antenna, at least one linearly- polarized antenna, at least two linearly-polarized antennas, at least two linearly-polarized antennas in a sector, at least one linearly-polarized antenna in at least two sectors and/or at least one linearly-polarized antenna at two or more base stations, as was described above.
In other embodiments of the present invention, wireless communications are received from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate the first radioterminal over a forward link, co-channel.
The wireless communications are relayed from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link. The wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link are used to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
Moreover, these embodiments may be combined with any of the embodiments that were described above.
Still other embodiments of the present invention bidirectionally transmit wireless communications co-channel in time division duplex from at least two radioterminals to a base station over a return link using a return link alphabet, and from the base station to the at least two radioterminals over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. These embodiments also may be combined with any of the embodiments that were described above.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a wireless communication method comprising: receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radiotenninal that is proximate the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel; relaying the wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link; and using the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
4 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radioterminal comprising: a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to a base station; and a receiver that is configured to receive at least first and second signals, to process the at least first and second signals to derive first data that is associated with information transmitted by the base station to at least one device other than the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is associated with information transmitted by the base station to the radioterminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radioterminal comprising: a receiver that is configured to receive wireless communications from a base station over a forward link, to receive wireless communications from at least one second radioterminal over a short-range wireless link, and to use the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radiotei __ ininal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radioterminal comprising: a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to a base station; and a receiver that is configured to receive first and second signals that are co-channel therebetween, to process the first and second signals to derive first data that is associated with information that is transmitted by the base station to a device other than the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is associated with information that is transmitted by the base station to the radioterminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radioterminal comprising: a receiver that is configured to receive wireless communications from a base station, to receive wireless communications from at least one second radioterminal and to use the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radioterminal to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station.
4a It will be understood by those having skill in the art that embodiments of the present invention were described above primarily with respect to method aspects.
However, other embodiments of the present invention provide systems, base stations and radioterminals according to any of the embodiments that were described above.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figures 1-3 and 4A-4B are diagrams of co-channel wireless communications according to various embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 5A is a diagram of radioterminal to base station communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
4b Figure 5B is a diagram of base station to radioterminal communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 5C is a diagram of base station to radioterminal communications according to other embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 6A-6B are block diagrams of receivers that may be used in Figures 5A-5C according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 7 graphically illustrates simulated receiver performance for signals in Rayleigh fading channels according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a diagram of base station to radioterminal bidirectional communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a block diagram of a receiver and transmitter that may be used in embodiments of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a block diagram of a receiver that may be used in Figure 9 according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a block diagram of a transmitter that may be used in Figure 9 according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 12 and 13 are diagrams of radioterminals and base stations, respectively, according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Some embodiments of the present invention may arise from a recognition that it is possible to configure two physically distinct radioterminals to transmit to a base station, also referred to as a base transceiver station (BTS), co-channel, using the same return-link radio-channel resource(s) while still being able, at the BTS, to reliably demodulate and reconstruct (i.e., decode) the two data streams of the two physically distinct radioterminals. It is also possible to configure a BTS to transmit to two physically distinct radioterminals co-channel, over the same forward-link radio-channel resource(s), while each of the two distinct radiotellninals is able to reliably demodulate and reconstruct the information intended for it. The two physically distinct radioterminals may thus communicate bi-directionally with a BTS, co-channel, in some embodiments, using no more channel resource(s) than a single radioterminal would use. The signal processing techniques that make this possible, according to some embodiments of the invention, can exploit the multipath scattering nature of the radiochannel and/or the multi-dimensional nature of space and its relationship to electro-magnetic wave propagation. Moreover, embodiments of the invention can be extended to allow three or more physically distinct radioterminals to communicate co-channel with a BTS without using any more radiochannel resource(s) than a single radioterminal would.
Some embodiments of the present invention may also arise from a recognition that co-channel communications may be more beneficial for an infrastructure (base station) receiver than for a radioterminal receiver, because an infrastructure transmitter may not be power limited and may thus resort to a higher-alphabet modulation format (i.e. 8-PSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, etc.) to increase channel capacity on a forward link. In contrast, a radioterminal's transmitter may be power limited and may thus be constrained to lower-alphabet modulation formats (i.e. QPSK, GMSK, etc.). Thus, the ability of two or more radioterminals to send information to an infrastructure element (base station) co-channel may be used advantageously to increase channel capacity on the return link(s). According to some embodiments, therefore, base stations and radioterminals may be configured to utilize different modulation alphabets on forward and return links with a return link alphabet having a smaller number of distinct states (symbols) than a forward link alphabet, and with at least some infrastructure (base station) receivers of the system configured for co-channel communications, as will be described in further detail below.
Figure 1 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to some embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to a base station (BTS) 120 co-channel over a return link 130 using a return link alphabet having return link symbols SR. As also shown in Figure 1, wireless communications are transmitted from the base station 120 to the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b over a forward link 140 using a forward link alphabet having forward link symbols SF, wherein the forward link alphabet has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In other words, SF > SR. In some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station to the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b non-co-channel over the forward link 140 using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols SF than the return link alphabet SR.
Still referring to Figure 1, the wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one antenna 122 at the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 is at least one multiple-polarized antenna. In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 is a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas.
In still other embodiments, the base station 120 includes a plurality of sectors using sectorization techniques that are well known to those having skill in the art. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a single sector of the base station, such that wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to the plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in the single sector of the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet. In other embodiments, the wireless communications from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b are transmitted to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas 122 in the sector of the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet if the at least two radioterminals are separated by more than a predetermined distance D. In still other embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one multiple-polarized antenna 122 in at least two sectors of the base station 120 co-channel over a return link using the return link alphabet.
Figure 2 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to other embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the base station 120 is a first base station. Wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one multiple-polarized antenna 122 at the first base station and at least one multiple-polarized antenna 222 at a second base station 220 co-channel over a return link 130 using a return link alphabet. In any of the embodiments of Figures 1 and/or 2, wireless communications may be transmitted from a single linearly-polarized antenna 112a, 112b at each of the at least two radioterminals 110a, 110b to the base station 120, 220 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet.
Accordingly, some embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 allow co-channel transmissions from radioterminals to a base station using a small element alphabet in conjunction with non-co-channel transmissions from the base station to the radioterniinals using a larger element alphabet. The number of antenna elements at the base station may be operative within a given sector of a base station, distributed over more than one sector of a base station and/or distributed over a plurality of base stations. As such, intra-sector co-channel return link communications may be provided, as well as inter-sector and inter-base station return link co-channel communications, to provide potentially improved capacity characteristics.
Moreover, in some embodiments, intra-sector co-channel communications between two or more radioterminals and a base station may only be allowed in response to a distance D
between the radioterminals. Since the system can know the position of the radioterminals, based on, for example, GPS or other techniques, radioterminals that are, for example, D meters or more apart may be allocated co-channel resources.
Otherwise, non-co-channel resources may be allocated. The distance D may be selected so as to provide sufficient multipath differentiation from the signals that originate from the two radioterminals that are transmitting co-channel.
Figure 3 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to still other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioterminals 310a, 310b to a base station 320 over a return link 330 using a return link alphabet having return link symbols SR. Wireless communications are also transmitted from the base station 320 to the at least two radioterminals 310a, 310b co-channel over a forward link 340 using a forward link alphabet having forward link symbols SF, wherein the forward link alphabet has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In other words, SF > SR.
Embodimentsof Figure 3 may be employed where it is desirable to relay much more data to the radioterminals 310a, 310b from the base station 320 than to the base station 320 from the radioterminals 310a, 310b. This may be the case when the radioterminals may be receiving large files from the base station, whereas the radioterminals are only sending back mouse clicks and/or other small amounts of data. Embodiments of Figure 3 use a larger element alphabet in conjunction with co-channel communications to serve two or more terminals, while the radioterminals use a smaller element alphabet and may communicate non-co-channel with the system.
In other embodiments, wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 310a, 310b to the base station 320 co-channel over the return link 330 using the return link alphabet.
Still referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station 320 to at least one antenna 312a, 312b at each of the at least two radioterminals co-channel over the forward link using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 312a, 312b comprises at least one multiple-polarized antenna.
In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 312a, 312b comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas. In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 322 at the base station 320 comprises at least one linearly-polarized antenna, at least two linearly-polarized antennas, at least two linearly-polarized antennas in a single sector and/or a linearly-polarized antenna in at least two sectors, as was described above in connection with the antennas 122 of Figure 1. In still other embodiments, transmissions may occur to at least one linearly-polarized antenna at a first base station and at a second base station, as was described above in connection with Figure 2.
Figure 4A is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications according to yet other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4A, wireless communications are received from a base station 420 at a first radioterminal 410a and at at least one second radioterminal 410b that is proximate the first radioterminal 410a, over a forward link 440, co-channel. The wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal 410b are relayed to the first radioterminal 410a over a short-range wireless link 450. The short-range wireless link may be based on Bluetooth and/or other technologies such as 802.11, UWB, etc. The first radioterminal 410a uses the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal 410a from the at least one second radioterminal 410b over the short-range wireless link 450, to process the wireless communications that are received from a base station 420 at the first radioterminal 410a over the forward link 440.
Accordingly, in embodiments of Figure 4A, the signals from one or more proximate radioterminals may be used to improve a quality measure such as a bit error rate, of the information that is being received from the base station 420. It will also be understood by those having skill in the art that embodiments of Figure 4 need not use a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than a return link alphabet.
However, in other embodiments of the invention, embodiments of Figure 4 may be used with any of the embodiments of Figures 1-3, including the use of a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than a return link alphabet, co-channel communications from the radioterminals 410a, 410b to the base station 420, and antenna configurations for the base station 422 and for the radioterminal antennas 412a, 412b similar to those described in connection with Figures 1-3.
Figure 4B is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to still other embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Figure 4B, wireless communications are bi-directionally transmitted co-channel in Time Division Duplex (TDD) 450. Time division duplex transmission is well known to those having skill in the art, and need not be described further herein. As shown in Figure 4B, bidirectional transmission co-channel in time division duplex proceeds from at least two radioterminals 460a, 460b to a base station 470 over a return link using a return link alphabet, and from the base station 470 to the at least two radioterminals 460a, 460b over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. The antennas 462a, 462b of the first and second radiotelininals 460a, 460b may be configured as was described in Figures 1-4A above. Moreover, the antenna or antennas 472 of the base station 470 may be embodied as was described above in any of Figures 1-4A.
Additional discussion of co-channel wireless communications according to various embodiments of the invention now will be provided. Specifically, in accordance with "non-Time Division Duplex" (non-TDD) embodiments, the receiver of a radioterminal and the receiver of a BTS may be configured to operate on a plurality of signals that may be acquired via a plurality of spatially-separated and/or co-located antennas. The transmitter of a radioterminal may use a single antenna.
The BTS may transmit the information that is intended for a first radiotenninal from a first antenna and the infoiniation that is intended for a second radioterminal from a second antenna that may be spatially-separated from the first. The two radioterminals may use the same return-link channel resource(s) to transmit information to the BTS.
The BTS may use the same forward-link channel resource(s) to transmit information to the two radioterminals. Figures 5A and 5B illustrate antenna configurations of non-TDD embodiments. It will also be understood that some embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B may be used in TDD mode as well.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the M dual-polarized (or cross polarized) receiver antennas 512 of a radioterminal 510, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced by M triple (x, y, z) -polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of receiver antennas. In some embodiments, only some of the M dual-polarized receiver antennas 512 of a radioterminal 510, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced with triple-polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized, and/or other type of antennas, and that the value of M may be different for different radioterminals. In still other embodiments, only one receiver antenna that has been tapped at different points may be used on a radioterminal to provide a plurality of signal inputs to the radioterminal's receiver. It will also be understood by those of skill in the art that the N dual-polarized receiver antennas 540 of a BTS, as illustrated in Figure 5A, may be replaced in part or in entirety by triple (x, y, z) polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized, and/or other type of receiver antennas. Finally, those having skill in the art will also recognize that one or both of the linearly-polarized transmitter antennas 520 of a BTS, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced by a dual- or multi-dimensionally-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of transmitter antenna(s) and that the linearly-polarized transmitter antenna 532 of a radioterminal 530 may be replaced by a dual-polarized, multi-dimensionally-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of transmitter antenna.
Those having skill in the art will also recognize that embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B may be extended to accommodate L co-channel radioterminals (L> 2) by having L transmitter antennas 520 on the BTS with the kth such antenna (A, =
1, 2, ..., L) transmitting information intended for a corresponding Xth radioterminal.
Referring now to Figure 5C, in environments of dense radioteiminal communications, such as in airports, convention centers, shopping malls, etc., one or more radioterminals 550b-550n that is/are proximate to a first co-channel radioterminal 550a may be configured to provide signals to the first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a. These signals may be relayed from the one or more proximate radioterminals 550b-550n to the first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a via short-range wireless links 552. The first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a may be configured to process the signals received from the one or more proximate radiotenninals so as to improve a quality measure, such as the Bit Error Rate (BER), of the information that is being received from the BTS. Still referring to Figure 5C, one or more radioterminals 550b'-55On' that is/are proximate to a second co-channel radioterminal 550a', may be configured to provide signals to the second receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a'. These signals may be relayed from the one or more proximate radioterminals 550b'-55On' to the second receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a' via short range wireless links 552. The second receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a' may be configured to process the signals received from the one or more proximate radioterminals, so as to improve a quality measure such as the BER of the infonnation that is being received from the BTS. Accordingly, two or A linear receiver processor, in accordance with the well-known Least Mean Squared Error (LMSE) criterion, is illustrated in Figure 6A for non-TDD
In accordance with the illustrative BTS receiver antenna array 540 of Figure 5A, each antenna of the array 540 operates in two spatial dimensions and provides two signals to the receiver: one corresponding to the first spatial dimension illustrated in Figure 5A, the ith antenna (i = 1, N) provides the receiver with the signal inputs Viand F11. As is illustrated in Figure 6A, each signal of the set {V1, HI, V2, H2, ...., VN, HO is operated on by two transversal filters 610a, 610b; one for each =th co-channel source. The transversal filters may be fractionally spaced, synchronously spaced, or single tap filters.
A computer simulation has been developed to assess the potential efficacy of the receiver of Figure 6A. Figure 7 graphically illustrates results of the computer simulation. The simulation modeled two co-channel radioterminals each transmitting independent data using Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSK) modulation with no Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. The computer simulation modeled bursty transmission to emulate GSM. Within each burst of data, the channel was assumed static and an a priori known to the receiver training sequence (the burst mid-amble in GSM terminology) was used to estimate the transversal filter coefficients of the receiver. For each burst of data a new Rayleigh fading channel was picked pseudo-randomly. Flat Rayleigh-fading channels were assumed. Consequently, there was no Inter-Symbol Interference (1ST), only non-dispersive Co-channel Interference (CCI) due to the co-channel radioterminal. Thus, the receiver transversal filters reduced to single coefficient devices. The Bit Error Rate (BER) was evaluated for several receiver antenna configurations as described below.
As shown in Figure 7, for the case of four dual-polarized receiver antennas, the uncoded Rayleigh-faded channel BER for each co-channel radioterminal, at Eb/No of 4 dB, is ¨ 10-3, whereas the BER of classical BPSK in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with no fading, at the same Eb/No of 4 dB is ¨ 10-2. Thus, the simulations appear to show that not only has the receiver of Figure 6A reduced the To potentially improve further on the receiver performance of Figure 6A, a receiver architecture of Figure 6B may be used. The receiver of Figure 6B uses an estimate of the co-channel signal that has minimum noise and/or interference variance to cancel the CCI in the other co-channel signal, thus reducing or minimizing noise interference variance of (j = 1, 2) may, for example, be based on the magnitude of a linear superposition of squared transversal filter weights, that may be involved in forming Sj or may be based on processing of an a priori known to the receiver, training sequence. In the illustrative example of Figure 6B, the noise and/or interference variance of S'1 has been found to be smaller than the noise and/or interference variance of the second decision variable, S'2. Thus, the decision that is made on S'1, assumed correct, may be used to form an improved decision variable S"2, based on which a decision or a series of decisions may be made regarding the data It will be understood by those of skill in the art that, in the illustrative receiver processing of Figure 6B, if the second decision variable was found to have lower noise and/or interference variance, a decision on that variable may have been made and that decision may have been used to form an improved first decision variable. It Figure 8 illustrates two radioterminals communicating co-channel bidirectionally with a BTS in a TDD mode according to other embodiments of the present invention. When the radioterrninals 830 transmit information to the BTS
antennas 840, a BTS receiver of Figure 6A and/or 6B may be used to process the the extent that digital quantization effects and/or other implementation constraints may allow, the ISI and the CCI, at least over the span of the transversal filters used.
This function is illustrated by Block 920 of Figure 9 and is further illustrated in greater detail in Figure 10.
Over the time interval of a TDD frame, the state of the channel may be assumed static or quasi-static provided that the TDD frame interval has been chosen sufficiently small. Thus, capitalizing on the reciprocity of the TDD channel over its static or quasi-static interval the transversal filter coefficients that have been derived by the BTS receiver to yield "zero" ISI and CCI at the BTS, may be used to process or pre-distort a BTS data vector d prior to transmitting it to the co-channel radioterminals. In TDD, the same BTS antenna array may be performing both receive and transmit functions. This function is illustrated by Block 930 of Figure 9 and is further illustrated in greater detail in Figure 11. It also will be understood that some embodiments of Figure 8 may be used in non-TDD mode, as well.
Given the above, the information that is transmitted by a BTS, co-channel, for a plurality of radioterminals, can arrive at the plurality of co-channel radioterminals free, or substantially free, of 1ST and CCI. Thus, the receiver complexity of a radioterminal may be reduced and the radioterminal may only be equipped with a single linearly-polarized receiver antenna. Those skilled in the art will recognize that even in TDD mode the principles and receiver architectures that were described earlier for the non-TDD case can apply for both a BTS and a radioterminal.
Also, those skilled in the art will recognize that the zero-forcing processing at a BTS
receiver as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 may be omitted and instead, the transversal filter coefficients derived from a LMSE processor (Block 910 of Figure 9) may be used for the transmitter processing (Block 930 of Figure 9) of a BTS.
Accordingly, information that is received when wirelessly receiving at least two signals on the same carrier frequency, time interval, and/or code, from a corresponding at least two radioterminals, may be discriminated among the at least two signals.
Finally, it will be understood that, in all of the embodiments that have been described herein, a radioterminal may include a transceiver which itself includes a transmitter and a receiver, as illustrated in Figure 12, which perform the transmitting and receiving operations, respectively, that were described herein. The antenna of the radioterminal may be regarded as a component of the transceiver. Similarly, in all of the embodiments described herein, a base station may also include a transceiver which itself includes a transmitter and a receiver, as illustrated in Figure 13, which perform the transmitting and receiving operations, respectively, that were described herein. The antenna of the base station may be regarded as a component of the transceiver.
In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radioterminal comprising: a receiver that is configured to receive wireless communications from a base station over a forward link, to receive wireless communications from at least one second radioterminal over a short-range wireless link, and to use the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radiotei __ ininal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radioterminal comprising: a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to a base station; and a receiver that is configured to receive first and second signals that are co-channel therebetween, to process the first and second signals to derive first data that is associated with information that is transmitted by the base station to a device other than the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is associated with information that is transmitted by the base station to the radioterminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radioterminal comprising: a receiver that is configured to receive wireless communications from a base station, to receive wireless communications from at least one second radioterminal and to use the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radioterminal to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station.
4a It will be understood by those having skill in the art that embodiments of the present invention were described above primarily with respect to method aspects.
However, other embodiments of the present invention provide systems, base stations and radioterminals according to any of the embodiments that were described above.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figures 1-3 and 4A-4B are diagrams of co-channel wireless communications according to various embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 5A is a diagram of radioterminal to base station communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
4b Figure 5B is a diagram of base station to radioterminal communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 5C is a diagram of base station to radioterminal communications according to other embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 6A-6B are block diagrams of receivers that may be used in Figures 5A-5C according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 7 graphically illustrates simulated receiver performance for signals in Rayleigh fading channels according to some embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 8 is a diagram of base station to radioterminal bidirectional communications according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a block diagram of a receiver and transmitter that may be used in embodiments of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a block diagram of a receiver that may be used in Figure 9 according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a block diagram of a transmitter that may be used in Figure 9 according to embodiments of the present invention.
Figures 12 and 13 are diagrams of radioterminals and base stations, respectively, according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description The present invention now will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
Some embodiments of the present invention may arise from a recognition that it is possible to configure two physically distinct radioterminals to transmit to a base station, also referred to as a base transceiver station (BTS), co-channel, using the same return-link radio-channel resource(s) while still being able, at the BTS, to reliably demodulate and reconstruct (i.e., decode) the two data streams of the two physically distinct radioterminals. It is also possible to configure a BTS to transmit to two physically distinct radioterminals co-channel, over the same forward-link radio-channel resource(s), while each of the two distinct radiotellninals is able to reliably demodulate and reconstruct the information intended for it. The two physically distinct radioterminals may thus communicate bi-directionally with a BTS, co-channel, in some embodiments, using no more channel resource(s) than a single radioterminal would use. The signal processing techniques that make this possible, according to some embodiments of the invention, can exploit the multipath scattering nature of the radiochannel and/or the multi-dimensional nature of space and its relationship to electro-magnetic wave propagation. Moreover, embodiments of the invention can be extended to allow three or more physically distinct radioterminals to communicate co-channel with a BTS without using any more radiochannel resource(s) than a single radioterminal would.
Some embodiments of the present invention may also arise from a recognition that co-channel communications may be more beneficial for an infrastructure (base station) receiver than for a radioterminal receiver, because an infrastructure transmitter may not be power limited and may thus resort to a higher-alphabet modulation format (i.e. 8-PSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, etc.) to increase channel capacity on a forward link. In contrast, a radioterminal's transmitter may be power limited and may thus be constrained to lower-alphabet modulation formats (i.e. QPSK, GMSK, etc.). Thus, the ability of two or more radioterminals to send information to an infrastructure element (base station) co-channel may be used advantageously to increase channel capacity on the return link(s). According to some embodiments, therefore, base stations and radioterminals may be configured to utilize different modulation alphabets on forward and return links with a return link alphabet having a smaller number of distinct states (symbols) than a forward link alphabet, and with at least some infrastructure (base station) receivers of the system configured for co-channel communications, as will be described in further detail below.
Figure 1 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to some embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to a base station (BTS) 120 co-channel over a return link 130 using a return link alphabet having return link symbols SR. As also shown in Figure 1, wireless communications are transmitted from the base station 120 to the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b over a forward link 140 using a forward link alphabet having forward link symbols SF, wherein the forward link alphabet has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In other words, SF > SR. In some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station to the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b non-co-channel over the forward link 140 using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols SF than the return link alphabet SR.
Still referring to Figure 1, the wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one antenna 122 at the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 is at least one multiple-polarized antenna. In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 is a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas.
In still other embodiments, the base station 120 includes a plurality of sectors using sectorization techniques that are well known to those having skill in the art. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 122 comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a single sector of the base station, such that wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to the plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in the single sector of the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet. In other embodiments, the wireless communications from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b are transmitted to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas 122 in the sector of the base station 120 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet if the at least two radioterminals are separated by more than a predetermined distance D. In still other embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one multiple-polarized antenna 122 in at least two sectors of the base station 120 co-channel over a return link using the return link alphabet.
Figure 2 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to other embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 2, the base station 120 is a first base station. Wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioterminals 110a and 110b to at least one multiple-polarized antenna 122 at the first base station and at least one multiple-polarized antenna 222 at a second base station 220 co-channel over a return link 130 using a return link alphabet. In any of the embodiments of Figures 1 and/or 2, wireless communications may be transmitted from a single linearly-polarized antenna 112a, 112b at each of the at least two radioterminals 110a, 110b to the base station 120, 220 co-channel over the return link 130 using the return link alphabet.
Accordingly, some embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 allow co-channel transmissions from radioterminals to a base station using a small element alphabet in conjunction with non-co-channel transmissions from the base station to the radioterniinals using a larger element alphabet. The number of antenna elements at the base station may be operative within a given sector of a base station, distributed over more than one sector of a base station and/or distributed over a plurality of base stations. As such, intra-sector co-channel return link communications may be provided, as well as inter-sector and inter-base station return link co-channel communications, to provide potentially improved capacity characteristics.
Moreover, in some embodiments, intra-sector co-channel communications between two or more radioterminals and a base station may only be allowed in response to a distance D
between the radioterminals. Since the system can know the position of the radioterminals, based on, for example, GPS or other techniques, radioterminals that are, for example, D meters or more apart may be allocated co-channel resources.
Otherwise, non-co-channel resources may be allocated. The distance D may be selected so as to provide sufficient multipath differentiation from the signals that originate from the two radioterminals that are transmitting co-channel.
Figure 3 is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to still other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, wireless communications are transmitted from at least two radioterminals 310a, 310b to a base station 320 over a return link 330 using a return link alphabet having return link symbols SR. Wireless communications are also transmitted from the base station 320 to the at least two radioterminals 310a, 310b co-channel over a forward link 340 using a forward link alphabet having forward link symbols SF, wherein the forward link alphabet has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In other words, SF > SR.
Embodimentsof Figure 3 may be employed where it is desirable to relay much more data to the radioterminals 310a, 310b from the base station 320 than to the base station 320 from the radioterminals 310a, 310b. This may be the case when the radioterminals may be receiving large files from the base station, whereas the radioterminals are only sending back mouse clicks and/or other small amounts of data. Embodiments of Figure 3 use a larger element alphabet in conjunction with co-channel communications to serve two or more terminals, while the radioterminals use a smaller element alphabet and may communicate non-co-channel with the system.
In other embodiments, wireless communications are transmitted from the at least two radioterminals 310a, 310b to the base station 320 co-channel over the return link 330 using the return link alphabet.
Still referring to Figure 3, in some embodiments, the wireless communications are transmitted from the base station 320 to at least one antenna 312a, 312b at each of the at least two radioterminals co-channel over the forward link using the forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. In some embodiments, the at least one antenna 312a, 312b comprises at least one multiple-polarized antenna.
In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 312a, 312b comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas. In other embodiments, the at least one antenna 322 at the base station 320 comprises at least one linearly-polarized antenna, at least two linearly-polarized antennas, at least two linearly-polarized antennas in a single sector and/or a linearly-polarized antenna in at least two sectors, as was described above in connection with the antennas 122 of Figure 1. In still other embodiments, transmissions may occur to at least one linearly-polarized antenna at a first base station and at a second base station, as was described above in connection with Figure 2.
Figure 4A is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications according to yet other embodiments of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4A, wireless communications are received from a base station 420 at a first radioterminal 410a and at at least one second radioterminal 410b that is proximate the first radioterminal 410a, over a forward link 440, co-channel. The wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal 410b are relayed to the first radioterminal 410a over a short-range wireless link 450. The short-range wireless link may be based on Bluetooth and/or other technologies such as 802.11, UWB, etc. The first radioterminal 410a uses the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal 410a from the at least one second radioterminal 410b over the short-range wireless link 450, to process the wireless communications that are received from a base station 420 at the first radioterminal 410a over the forward link 440.
Accordingly, in embodiments of Figure 4A, the signals from one or more proximate radioterminals may be used to improve a quality measure such as a bit error rate, of the information that is being received from the base station 420. It will also be understood by those having skill in the art that embodiments of Figure 4 need not use a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than a return link alphabet.
However, in other embodiments of the invention, embodiments of Figure 4 may be used with any of the embodiments of Figures 1-3, including the use of a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than a return link alphabet, co-channel communications from the radioterminals 410a, 410b to the base station 420, and antenna configurations for the base station 422 and for the radioterminal antennas 412a, 412b similar to those described in connection with Figures 1-3.
Figure 4B is a diagram of co-channel wireless communications using nonsymmetrical alphabets according to still other embodiments of the present invention. Referring to Figure 4B, wireless communications are bi-directionally transmitted co-channel in Time Division Duplex (TDD) 450. Time division duplex transmission is well known to those having skill in the art, and need not be described further herein. As shown in Figure 4B, bidirectional transmission co-channel in time division duplex proceeds from at least two radioterminals 460a, 460b to a base station 470 over a return link using a return link alphabet, and from the base station 470 to the at least two radioterminals 460a, 460b over a forward link using a forward link alphabet that has more symbols than the return link alphabet. The antennas 462a, 462b of the first and second radiotelininals 460a, 460b may be configured as was described in Figures 1-4A above. Moreover, the antenna or antennas 472 of the base station 470 may be embodied as was described above in any of Figures 1-4A.
Additional discussion of co-channel wireless communications according to various embodiments of the invention now will be provided. Specifically, in accordance with "non-Time Division Duplex" (non-TDD) embodiments, the receiver of a radioterminal and the receiver of a BTS may be configured to operate on a plurality of signals that may be acquired via a plurality of spatially-separated and/or co-located antennas. The transmitter of a radioterminal may use a single antenna.
The BTS may transmit the information that is intended for a first radiotenninal from a first antenna and the infoiniation that is intended for a second radioterminal from a second antenna that may be spatially-separated from the first. The two radioterminals may use the same return-link channel resource(s) to transmit information to the BTS.
The BTS may use the same forward-link channel resource(s) to transmit information to the two radioterminals. Figures 5A and 5B illustrate antenna configurations of non-TDD embodiments. It will also be understood that some embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B may be used in TDD mode as well.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the M dual-polarized (or cross polarized) receiver antennas 512 of a radioterminal 510, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced by M triple (x, y, z) -polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of receiver antennas. In some embodiments, only some of the M dual-polarized receiver antennas 512 of a radioterminal 510, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced with triple-polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized, and/or other type of antennas, and that the value of M may be different for different radioterminals. In still other embodiments, only one receiver antenna that has been tapped at different points may be used on a radioterminal to provide a plurality of signal inputs to the radioterminal's receiver. It will also be understood by those of skill in the art that the N dual-polarized receiver antennas 540 of a BTS, as illustrated in Figure 5A, may be replaced in part or in entirety by triple (x, y, z) polarized, linearly-polarized, circularly-polarized, and/or other type of receiver antennas. Finally, those having skill in the art will also recognize that one or both of the linearly-polarized transmitter antennas 520 of a BTS, as illustrated in Figure 5B, may be replaced by a dual- or multi-dimensionally-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of transmitter antenna(s) and that the linearly-polarized transmitter antenna 532 of a radioterminal 530 may be replaced by a dual-polarized, multi-dimensionally-polarized, circularly-polarized and/or other type of transmitter antenna.
Those having skill in the art will also recognize that embodiments of Figures 5A and 5B may be extended to accommodate L co-channel radioterminals (L> 2) by having L transmitter antennas 520 on the BTS with the kth such antenna (A, =
1, 2, ..., L) transmitting information intended for a corresponding Xth radioterminal.
Referring now to Figure 5C, in environments of dense radioteiminal communications, such as in airports, convention centers, shopping malls, etc., one or more radioterminals 550b-550n that is/are proximate to a first co-channel radioterminal 550a may be configured to provide signals to the first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a. These signals may be relayed from the one or more proximate radioterminals 550b-550n to the first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a via short-range wireless links 552. The first receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a may be configured to process the signals received from the one or more proximate radiotenninals so as to improve a quality measure, such as the Bit Error Rate (BER), of the information that is being received from the BTS. Still referring to Figure 5C, one or more radioterminals 550b'-55On' that is/are proximate to a second co-channel radioterminal 550a', may be configured to provide signals to the second receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a'. These signals may be relayed from the one or more proximate radioterminals 550b'-55On' to the second receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a' via short range wireless links 552. The second receiving co-channel radioterminal 550a' may be configured to process the signals received from the one or more proximate radioterminals, so as to improve a quality measure such as the BER of the infonnation that is being received from the BTS. Accordingly, two or A linear receiver processor, in accordance with the well-known Least Mean Squared Error (LMSE) criterion, is illustrated in Figure 6A for non-TDD
In accordance with the illustrative BTS receiver antenna array 540 of Figure 5A, each antenna of the array 540 operates in two spatial dimensions and provides two signals to the receiver: one corresponding to the first spatial dimension illustrated in Figure 5A, the ith antenna (i = 1, N) provides the receiver with the signal inputs Viand F11. As is illustrated in Figure 6A, each signal of the set {V1, HI, V2, H2, ...., VN, HO is operated on by two transversal filters 610a, 610b; one for each =th co-channel source. The transversal filters may be fractionally spaced, synchronously spaced, or single tap filters.
A computer simulation has been developed to assess the potential efficacy of the receiver of Figure 6A. Figure 7 graphically illustrates results of the computer simulation. The simulation modeled two co-channel radioterminals each transmitting independent data using Binary Phase Shift Keyed (BPSK) modulation with no Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. The computer simulation modeled bursty transmission to emulate GSM. Within each burst of data, the channel was assumed static and an a priori known to the receiver training sequence (the burst mid-amble in GSM terminology) was used to estimate the transversal filter coefficients of the receiver. For each burst of data a new Rayleigh fading channel was picked pseudo-randomly. Flat Rayleigh-fading channels were assumed. Consequently, there was no Inter-Symbol Interference (1ST), only non-dispersive Co-channel Interference (CCI) due to the co-channel radioterminal. Thus, the receiver transversal filters reduced to single coefficient devices. The Bit Error Rate (BER) was evaluated for several receiver antenna configurations as described below.
As shown in Figure 7, for the case of four dual-polarized receiver antennas, the uncoded Rayleigh-faded channel BER for each co-channel radioterminal, at Eb/No of 4 dB, is ¨ 10-3, whereas the BER of classical BPSK in Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) with no fading, at the same Eb/No of 4 dB is ¨ 10-2. Thus, the simulations appear to show that not only has the receiver of Figure 6A reduced the To potentially improve further on the receiver performance of Figure 6A, a receiver architecture of Figure 6B may be used. The receiver of Figure 6B uses an estimate of the co-channel signal that has minimum noise and/or interference variance to cancel the CCI in the other co-channel signal, thus reducing or minimizing noise interference variance of (j = 1, 2) may, for example, be based on the magnitude of a linear superposition of squared transversal filter weights, that may be involved in forming Sj or may be based on processing of an a priori known to the receiver, training sequence. In the illustrative example of Figure 6B, the noise and/or interference variance of S'1 has been found to be smaller than the noise and/or interference variance of the second decision variable, S'2. Thus, the decision that is made on S'1, assumed correct, may be used to form an improved decision variable S"2, based on which a decision or a series of decisions may be made regarding the data It will be understood by those of skill in the art that, in the illustrative receiver processing of Figure 6B, if the second decision variable was found to have lower noise and/or interference variance, a decision on that variable may have been made and that decision may have been used to form an improved first decision variable. It Figure 8 illustrates two radioterminals communicating co-channel bidirectionally with a BTS in a TDD mode according to other embodiments of the present invention. When the radioterrninals 830 transmit information to the BTS
antennas 840, a BTS receiver of Figure 6A and/or 6B may be used to process the the extent that digital quantization effects and/or other implementation constraints may allow, the ISI and the CCI, at least over the span of the transversal filters used.
This function is illustrated by Block 920 of Figure 9 and is further illustrated in greater detail in Figure 10.
Over the time interval of a TDD frame, the state of the channel may be assumed static or quasi-static provided that the TDD frame interval has been chosen sufficiently small. Thus, capitalizing on the reciprocity of the TDD channel over its static or quasi-static interval the transversal filter coefficients that have been derived by the BTS receiver to yield "zero" ISI and CCI at the BTS, may be used to process or pre-distort a BTS data vector d prior to transmitting it to the co-channel radioterminals. In TDD, the same BTS antenna array may be performing both receive and transmit functions. This function is illustrated by Block 930 of Figure 9 and is further illustrated in greater detail in Figure 11. It also will be understood that some embodiments of Figure 8 may be used in non-TDD mode, as well.
Given the above, the information that is transmitted by a BTS, co-channel, for a plurality of radioterminals, can arrive at the plurality of co-channel radioterminals free, or substantially free, of 1ST and CCI. Thus, the receiver complexity of a radioterminal may be reduced and the radioterminal may only be equipped with a single linearly-polarized receiver antenna. Those skilled in the art will recognize that even in TDD mode the principles and receiver architectures that were described earlier for the non-TDD case can apply for both a BTS and a radioterminal.
Also, those skilled in the art will recognize that the zero-forcing processing at a BTS
receiver as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10 may be omitted and instead, the transversal filter coefficients derived from a LMSE processor (Block 910 of Figure 9) may be used for the transmitter processing (Block 930 of Figure 9) of a BTS.
Accordingly, information that is received when wirelessly receiving at least two signals on the same carrier frequency, time interval, and/or code, from a corresponding at least two radioterminals, may be discriminated among the at least two signals.
Finally, it will be understood that, in all of the embodiments that have been described herein, a radioterminal may include a transceiver which itself includes a transmitter and a receiver, as illustrated in Figure 12, which perform the transmitting and receiving operations, respectively, that were described herein. The antenna of the radioterminal may be regarded as a component of the transceiver. Similarly, in all of the embodiments described herein, a base station may also include a transceiver which itself includes a transmitter and a receiver, as illustrated in Figure 13, which perform the transmitting and receiving operations, respectively, that were described herein. The antenna of the base station may be regarded as a component of the transceiver.
In the drawings and specification, there have been disclosed embodiments of the invention and, although specific terms are employed, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the following claims.
Claims (36)
1. A wireless communication method comprising:
receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel;
relaying the wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link; and using the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel;
relaying the wireless communications from the at least one second radioterminal to the first radioterminal over a short-range wireless link; and using the wireless communications that are relayed to the first radioterminal from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station at the first radioterminal.
2. A wireless communication method according to claim 1:
wherein receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate to the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel comprises receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate to the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel using a forward link alphabet; and wherein the method further comprises transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
wherein receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate to the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel comprises receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate to the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel using a forward link alphabet; and wherein the method further comprises transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet comprises:
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to at least one antenna at the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to at least one antenna at the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
4. A method according to claim 2 wherein transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet comprises:
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a sector of the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a sector of the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
5. A method according to claim 2 wherein transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet comprises:
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to at least one multiple-polarized antenna in at least two sectors of the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to at least one multiple-polarized antenna in at least two sectors of the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
6. A method according to claim 2 wherein the base station is a first base station and wherein transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet comprises:
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at the first base station and at least one multiple-polarized antenna at a second base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to at least one multiple-polarized antenna at the first base station and at least one multiple-polarized antenna at a second base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
7. A method according to claim 4 wherein transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a sector of the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet comprises:
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a sector of the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet if the first radioterminal and the at least one second radioterminal are separated by more than a predetermined distance.
transmitting wireless communications from the first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal to a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas in a sector of the base station co-channel using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet if the first radioterminal and the at least one second radioterminal are separated by more than a predetermined distance.
8. A method according to claim I wherein receiving wireless communications from a base station at a first radioterminal and at least one second radioterminal that is proximate to the first radioterminal, over a forward link, co-channel, comprises:
receiving wireless communications signals that overlap in time and space, and that use the same carrier frequency, the same time slot if the signals are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signals, and the same spreading code if the signals are Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals, such that the wireless communication signals collide at each of the first and second radioterminals.
receiving wireless communications signals that overlap in time and space, and that use the same carrier frequency, the same time slot if the signals are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signals, and the same spreading code if the signals are Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals, such that the wireless communication signals collide at each of the first and second radioterminals.
9. A radioterminal comprising:
a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to a base station; and a receiver that is configured to receive at least first and second signals, to process the at least first and second signals to derive first data that is associated with information transmitted by the base station to at least one device other than the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is associated with information transmitted by the base station to the radioterminal.
a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to a base station; and a receiver that is configured to receive at least first and second signals, to process the at least first and second signals to derive first data that is associated with information transmitted by the base station to at least one device other than the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is associated with information transmitted by the base station to the radioterminal.
10. A radioterminal according to claim 9 wherein the receiver is configured to receive the at least first and second signals using at least one antenna.
11. A radioterminal according to claim 10 wherein the at least one antenna comprises at least one multiple-polarized antenna and/or a plurality of spaced-apart antennas.
12. A radioterminal according to claim 11 wherein the at least one multiple polarized antenna comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas.
13. A radioterminal according to claim 9 wherein the receiver is configured to receive wireless communication signals that overlap in time and space, and that use the same carrier frequency, the same time slot if the signals are Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) signals, and the same spreading code if the signals are Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) signals, such that the wireless communication signals collide at the receiver.
14. A radioterminal according to claim 9 wherein the receiver is further configured to decode at least one of the first and second signals.
15. A radioterminal according to claim 14 wherein configured to decode comprises configured to:
derive at least first and second decision variables;
associate with each one of the at least first and second decision variables a measure of noise and/or interference;
select at least one of the at least first and second decision variables responsive to at least one noise and/or interference content associated therewith;
make at least one first decision based upon the selected at least one decision variable; and use the at least one first decision to make a second decision.
derive at least first and second decision variables;
associate with each one of the at least first and second decision variables a measure of noise and/or interference;
select at least one of the at least first and second decision variables responsive to at least one noise and/or interference content associated therewith;
make at least one first decision based upon the selected at least one decision variable; and use the at least one first decision to make a second decision.
16. A radioterminal according to claim 14 wherein configured to decode comprises configured to:
generate a delayed version of the at least first and second signals; and jointly process the at least first and second signals and the delayed version of the at least first and second signals.
generate a delayed version of the at least first and second signals; and jointly process the at least first and second signals and the delayed version of the at least first and second signals.
17. A radioterminal according to claim 16 wherein configured to jointly process comprises using a linear and/or non-linear processor.
18. A radioterminal according to claim 17 wherein the linear and/or non-linear processor comprises a Least Mean Squared Error (LMSE), Kalman-based, least squares, recursive least squares, Zero Forcing (ZF) and/or Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) processor.
19. A radioterminal according to claim 18 wherein configured to jointly process comprises configured to cancel Co-Channel Interference (CCI).
20. A radioterminal comprising:
a receiver that is configured to receive wireless communications from a base station over a forward link, to receive wireless communications from at least one second radioterminal over a short-range wireless link, and to use the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station.
a receiver that is configured to receive wireless communications from a base station over a forward link, to receive wireless communications from at least one second radioterminal over a short-range wireless link, and to use the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radioterminal over the short-range wireless link to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station.
21. A radioterminal according to claim 20:
wherein the receiver is configured to receive wireless communications from the base station over a forward link using a forward link alphabet; and wherein the radioterminal further comprises a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to the base station using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
wherein the receiver is configured to receive wireless communications from the base station over a forward link using a forward link alphabet; and wherein the radioterminal further comprises a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to the base station using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
22. A radioterminal according to claim 20 wherein the receiver is further configured to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station and the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radioterminal to derive first data that is not intended for the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is intended for the radioterminal.
23. A radioterminal according to claim 22 wherein further configured to process comprises further configured to:
derive at least first and second decision variables;
associate with each one of the at least first and second decision variables a measure of noise and/or interference;
select at least one of the at least first and second decision variables responsive to at least one noise and/or interference content associated therewith;
make at least one first decision based upon the selected at least one decision variable; and use the at least one first decision to make a second decision.
derive at least first and second decision variables;
associate with each one of the at least first and second decision variables a measure of noise and/or interference;
select at least one of the at least first and second decision variables responsive to at least one noise and/or interference content associated therewith;
make at least one first decision based upon the selected at least one decision variable; and use the at least one first decision to make a second decision.
24. A radioterminal according to claim 22 wherein further configured to process comprises further configured to:
receive at least first and second signals;
generate a delayed version of at least first and second signals; and jointly process the at least first and second signals and the delayed version of the at least first and second signals.
receive at least first and second signals;
generate a delayed version of at least first and second signals; and jointly process the at least first and second signals and the delayed version of the at least first and second signals.
25. A radioterminal according to claim 24 wherein configured to jointly process comprises using a linear and/or non-linear processor.
26. A radioterminal according to claim 25 wherein the linear and/or non-linear processor comprises a Least Mean Squared Error (LMSE), Kalman-based, least squares, recursive least squares, Zero Forcing (ZF) and/or Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation (MLSE) processor.
27. A radioterminal comprising:
a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to a base station; and a receiver that is configured to receive first and second signals that are co-channel therebetween, to process the first and second signals to derive first data that is associated with information that is transmitted by the base station to a device other than the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is associated with information that is transmitted by the base station to the radioterminal.
a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to a base station; and a receiver that is configured to receive first and second signals that are co-channel therebetween, to process the first and second signals to derive first data that is associated with information that is transmitted by the base station to a device other than the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is associated with information that is transmitted by the base station to the radioterminal.
28. The radioterminal according to Claim 27 wherein the receiver is further configured to form first and second decision variables, to associate with each one of the first and second decision variables a measure of noise and/or interference, to select one of the first and second decision variables responsive to a noise and/or interference content thereof, to make a first decision based upon the selected decision variable and to use the first decision to make a second decision;
wherein the first and second decision variables correspond to respective first and second information that is transmitted co-channel by the base station, the first decision comprises data that is transmitted by the base station and is intended for the device other than the radioterminal and the second decision comprises data that is transmitted by the base station and is intended for the radioterminal.
wherein the first and second decision variables correspond to respective first and second information that is transmitted co-channel by the base station, the first decision comprises data that is transmitted by the base station and is intended for the device other than the radioterminal and the second decision comprises data that is transmitted by the base station and is intended for the radioterminal.
29. The radioterminal according to Claim 27 wherein the receiver is configured to receive the first and second signals using at least one antenna.
30. The radioterminal according to Claim 29 wherein the at least one antenna comprises at least one multiple-polarized antenna and/or a plurality of antennas that are spaced apart therebetween.
31. The radioterminal according to Claim 30 wherein the at least one multiple-polarized antenna comprises a plurality of multiple-polarized antennas.
32. The radioterminal according to Claim 27 wherein the receiver is further configured to decode at least one of the first and second signals.
33. The radioterminal according to Claim 27 wherein the first and second signals overlap in time, space and frequency and use the same spreading code if the first and second signals relate to a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) protocol.
34. A radioterminal comprising:
a receiver that is configured to receive wireless communications from a base station, to receive wireless communications from at least one second radioterminal and to use the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radioterminal to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station.
a receiver that is configured to receive wireless communications from a base station, to receive wireless communications from at least one second radioterminal and to use the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radioterminal to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station.
35. The radioterminal according to Claim 34:
wherein the receiver is configured to receive wireless communications from the base station over a forward link using a forward link alphabet; and wherein the radioterminal further comprises a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to the base station using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
wherein the receiver is configured to receive wireless communications from the base station over a forward link using a forward link alphabet; and wherein the radioterminal further comprises a transmitter that is configured to transmit wireless communications to the base station using a return link alphabet that has fewer symbols than the forward link alphabet.
36. The radioterminal according to Claim 34 wherein the receiver is further configured to process the wireless communications that are received from the base station and the wireless communications that are received from the at least one second radioterminal to derive first data that is not intended for the radioterminal and to use the first data to derive second data that is intended for the radioterminal.
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| US9014619B2 (en) | 2006-05-30 | 2015-04-21 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for satellite communications employing ground-based beam forming with spatially distributed hybrid matrix amplifiers |
| US8169955B2 (en) | 2006-06-19 | 2012-05-01 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communications over satellite links |
| US8526941B2 (en) | 2006-06-29 | 2013-09-03 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Apparatus and methods for mobility management in hybrid terrestrial-satellite mobile communications systems |
| US8060082B2 (en) | 2006-11-14 | 2011-11-15 | Globalstar, Inc. | Ancillary terrestrial component services using multiple frequency bands |
| US8064824B2 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2011-11-22 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for reducing power robbing impact of interference to a satellite |
| US7978135B2 (en) | 2008-02-15 | 2011-07-12 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Antenna beam forming systems/methods using unconstrained phase response |
| US8433241B2 (en) * | 2008-08-06 | 2013-04-30 | Atc Technologies, Llc | Systems, methods and devices for overlaid operations of satellite and terrestrial wireless communications systems |
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2004
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- 2004-03-17 CA CA2863510A patent/CA2863510C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-17 EP EP04757742A patent/EP1606690A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-17 MX MXPA05010286A patent/MXPA05010286A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-03-17 EP EP10002867A patent/EP2209222A3/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 2004-03-17 WO PCT/US2004/008012 patent/WO2004086176A2/en active Application Filing
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2006
- 2006-11-21 US US11/562,094 patent/US8170474B2/en active Active
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| US20080119190A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
| US7831201B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
| US20120093069A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
| MXPA05010286A (en) | 2005-11-17 |
| CA2516760C (en) | 2013-07-23 |
| AU2008237565A1 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| CA2863510C (en) | 2016-11-15 |
| US20100210262A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
| CA2516760A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| AU2004222905B2 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
| US20100157929A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
| US20070099562A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
| WO2004086176A3 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
| EP1606690A2 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
| US8170474B2 (en) | 2012-05-01 |
| US20100210209A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
| CA2863514C (en) | 2016-10-11 |
| AU2008237565B2 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
| WO2004086176A2 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| US8340592B2 (en) | 2012-12-25 |
| US7203490B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
| CA2863514A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| AU2004222905C1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
| EP2209222A3 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
| US20110201326A1 (en) | 2011-08-18 |
| US20040192200A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| EP2209222A2 (en) | 2010-07-21 |
| AU2004222905A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
| EP1606690A4 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
| US8108004B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
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