CA2702367A1 - Flow focusing method and system for forming concentrated volumes of microbeads, and microbeads formed further thereto - Google Patents

Flow focusing method and system for forming concentrated volumes of microbeads, and microbeads formed further thereto Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2702367A1
CA2702367A1 CA2702367A CA2702367A CA2702367A1 CA 2702367 A1 CA2702367 A1 CA 2702367A1 CA 2702367 A CA2702367 A CA 2702367A CA 2702367 A CA2702367 A CA 2702367A CA 2702367 A1 CA2702367 A1 CA 2702367A1
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focusing
stream
microbeads
operatively
fluid
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CA2702367C (en
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Warren Che Wor Chan
Sebastien Fournier-Bidoz
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FIO Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/70—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving virus or bacteriophage
    • C12Q1/701—Specific hybridization probes
    • C12Q1/706—Specific hybridization probes for hepatitis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/04—Making microcapsules or microballoons by physical processes, e.g. drying, spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/45—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers
    • B01F33/453—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers using supported or suspended stirring elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/45—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers
    • B01F33/453—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers using supported or suspended stirring elements
    • B01F33/4534—Magnetic mixers; Mixers with magnetically driven stirrers using supported or suspended stirring elements using a rod for supporting the stirring element, e.g. stirrer sliding on a rod or mounted on a rod sliding in a tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/255—Flow control means, e.g. valves
    • B29C48/2552—Flow control means, e.g. valves provided in the feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zone, e.g. screw, barrel, gear-pump or ram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
    • C08J3/14—Powdering or granulating by precipitation from solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
    • C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
    • C08J3/21—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the polymer being premixed with a liquid phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/70—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving virus or bacteriophage
    • C12Q1/701—Specific hybridization probes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/40—Mixing liquids with liquids; Emulsifying
    • B01F23/41—Emulsifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/30—Micromixers
    • B01F33/301—Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions
    • B01F33/3011—Micromixers using specific means for arranging the streams to be mixed, e.g. channel geometries or dispositions using a sheathing stream of a fluid surrounding a central stream of a different fluid, e.g. for reducing the cross-section of the central stream or to produce droplets from the central stream

Abstract

In a method and system for forming concentrated volumes of microbeads, a polymer solution and/or suspension includes a polymer dissolved and/or dispersed in a medium. Streams of a focusing fluid and of the polymer solution and/or suspension flow towards a fluid bath, and into intersection with one another, so &s to focus the polymer solution and/or suspension. The polymer solution and/or suspension stream forms microbeads in the fluid bath. Some of the focusing fluid is drawn from the fluid bath, so as to concentrate the microbeads in die fluid bath. The system includes a flow focusing apparatus and a liquid-containing cell. The focusing apparatus includes polymer and focusing nozzles. The cell contains the fluid bath and has an outlet port, through which the focusing fluid is drawn from the fluid bath.

Claims (73)

1. A method of forming one or more concentrated volumes of microbeads, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) flowing a focused stream of a polymer solution and/or suspension towards a fluid bath, with the polymer solution and/or suspension comprising a polymer dissolved and/or dispersed in a medium;

(b) flowing a focusing stream of a focusing fluid towards the fluid bath, and into intersection with the focused stream;

(b.1) after step (b), maintaining the fluid bath under stirring;

(c) flowing the focusing stream and the focused stream from intersection with one another, so as to form the microbeads in the fluid bath, and allowing the microbeads to solidify; and (d) flowing a volume of the focusing fluid from the fluid bath, so as to concentrate the microbeads in the fluid bath.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (d), the fluid bath is controlled so as to be maintained at a substantially constant liquid level.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the substantially constant liquid level is maintained by balancing respective flow rates for the focused stream in step (a), the focusing stream in step (b), and the focusing fluid in step (d).
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (d), the volume of the focusing fluid flows through one or more filters.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step (d), the filters retain the microbeads in the fluid bath.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step (d), the filters retain a substantially monodisperse set of the microbeads in the fluid bath.
7. The method according to any one of claims 4 and 5, wherein in step (d), the filters divide the microbeads into one or more collections of microbeads, with each of the collections including a respectively monodisperse set of the microbeads.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of steps (a) and (b) is performed within an interior chamber of a flow focusing body.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein steps (a) and (b) are both performed within the interior chamber of the flow focusing body, with an outlet portion of the flow focusing body being located below a liquid level of the fluid bath, and wherein in step (c), the focusing stream and the focused stream flow out from the outlet portion of the flow focusing body.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (b), the focused stream is focused by the focusing fluid, and wherein in step (c), the focusing stream and the focused stream flow out from the outlet portion as a single flow stream.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein in step (c), the focusing stream substantially surrounds the focused stream in the single flow stream.
12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a preliminary step, before step (a), of providing the fluid bath within a sealed liquid-containing cell.
13. The method according to claim 12, wherein at least one of steps (a) through (c) is performed within the liquid-containing cell.
14. The method according to any one of claims 12 and 13, wherein in the preliminary step, the liquid-containing cell additionally contains a volume of a gas at a predetermined pressure.
15. The method according to claim 14, wherein in the preliminary step, a gas pressure source pressurizes the gas, via an inlet valve, in the sealed liquid-containing cell.
16. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 15, further comprising step (c.1), after the preliminary step, of releasing a portion of the gas or the fluid bath, via a pressure safety valve, when the pressure exceeds a predetermined maximum safety pressure for the sealed liquid-containing cell.
17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the gas comprises an inert gas.
18. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the pressure of the gas in the preliminary step is predetermined, in balance with respective flow rates for the focused stream in step (a) and the focusing stream in step (b), to maintain the fluid bath at a substantially constant liquid level.
19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein in step (U), a stirring bar maintains the fluid bath under stirring, and wherein the stirring bar comprises an electric stirring bar or a magnetic stirring bar.
20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising step (d.1), after step (d), of recovering solidified microbeads from the fluid bath.
21. A method of forming one or more concentrated volumes of microbeads, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) flowing a focused stream of a polymer solution and/or suspension towards a fluid bath, with the polymer solution and/or suspension comprising a polymer dissolved and/or dispersed in a medium;

(b) flowing a focusing stream of a focusing fluid towards the fluid bath, and into intersection with the focused stream;

(c) flowing the focusing stream and the focused stream from intersection with one another, so as to form the microbeads in the fluid bath;

(d) flowing a volume of the focusing fluid from the fluid bath, so as to concentrate the microbeads in the fluid bath; and (e) recycling at least part of the volume of the focusing fluid, flowing from the fluid bath in step (d), as at least part of the focusing stream flowing into intersection with the focused stream in step (b).
22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein in step (a), the medium comprises an organic solvent.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the organic solvent comprises chloroform or dichloromethane.
24. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein in step (a), the polymer is substantially hydrophobic.
25. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein in step (a), the polymer comprises a polystyrene powder or a derivative thereof.
26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein in step (b), the focusing fluid comprises water.
27. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein in step (a), the polymer solution further comprises particles dissolved and/or dispersed in the medium, and wherein in step (c), each of the microbeads binds an identifiable set of the particles.
28. The method according to claim 27, wherein in step (a), the particles comprise fluorophores.
29. The method according to claim 27, wherein in step (a), the particles comprise nanoparticles.
30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the nanoparticles comprise semiconductor nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, metallic conductor nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, or phosphorescent nanoparticles.
31. The method according to claim 27, wherein in step (a), the particles comprise quantum dots.
32. The method according to claim 27, wherein in step (a), the particles comprise a combination of quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles.
33. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein in step (a), the polymer solution and/or suspension has a concentration of about 0.04 by weight-weight percentage (4 wt%).
34. A concentrated volume of microbeads formed according to the method in any one of claims 1 to 33.
35. A concentrated volume of microbeads according to claim 34, wherein one or more of the microbeads in the concentrated volume comprises one or more functional groups at a surface thereof, with the functional groups being adapted to operatively bind with biorecognition molecules.
36. A concentrated volume of microbeads according to claim 35, wherein one or more of the microbeads in the concentrated volume, operatively bound with the biorecognition molecules, is adapted for use as a probe in a multiplexed diagnostic test for detection of one or more diseases.
37. A concentrated volume of microbeads according to claim 36, wherein the diseases include malaria, HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Dengue virus, or avian flu (H5N1).
38. A concentrated volume of microbeads according to claim 35, wherein one or more of the microbeads in the concentrated volume, operatively bound with the biorecognition molecules, is adapted for use as a probe in a multiplexed diagnostic test for detection of one or more genetic expression factors.
39. A system for forming one or more concentrated volumes of microbeads, the system comprising:

(a) a fluid bath, a focusing fluid, and a polymer solution and/or suspension comprising a polymer dissolved and/or dispersed in a medium;

(b) a flow focusing apparatus comprising:

(i) a polymer nozzle operatively delivering a focused stream of the polymer solution and/or suspension; and -26a-(ii) a focusing nozzle operatively delivering a focusing stream of the focusing solution;

with the flow focusing apparatus operatively delivering the focused stream and the focusing stream into intersection with one another, and with the flow focusing apparatus operatively flowing the focusing stream and the focused stream into the fluid bath, so as to form the microbeads in the fluid bath; and (c) a liquid-containing cell shaped to define an outlet port, with the liquid-containing cell operatively containing the fluid bath and operatively delivering a volume of the focusing fluid out from the fluid bath, via the outlet port, so as to concentrate the microbeads in the fluid bath; wherein the liquid-containing cell further comprises a stirring bar operatively maintaining the fluid bath under stirring, and wherein the fluid bath operatively allows the microbeads to solidify.
40. The system according to claim 39, wherein operative flow rates for (i) the focused stream through the polymer nozzle, (ii) the focusing stream through the focusing nozzle, and (iii) the focusing fluid through the outlet port, respectively, are predetermined in dependent relation upon one another, so as to maintain the fluid bath at a substantially constant liquid level.
41. The system according to claim 39, wherein the liquid-containing cell comprises one or more filters on the outlet port, with the volume of the focusing fluid being operatively delivered, through the filters, out from the fluid bath.
42. The system according to claim 41, wherein the filters operatively retain the microbeads in the fluid bath.
43. The system according to claim 41, wherein the filters operatively retain a substantially monodisperse set of the microbeads in the fluid bath.
44. The system according to any one of claims 41 and 42, wherein the filters operatively divide the microbeads into one or more collections of microbeads, with each of the collections including a respectively monodisperse set of the microbeads.
45. The system according to claim 39, wherein the flow focusing apparatus further comprises a flow focusing body defining an interior chamber and an outlet portion, with the focused stream and the focusing stream being operatively delivered into intersection with one another in the chamber, and with the focusing stream and the focused stream operatively flowing out from the outlet portion of the flow focusing body.
46. The system according to claim 45, wherein the outlet portion of the flow focusing body is operatively located below a liquid level of the fluid bath.
47. The system according to any one of claims 45 and 46, wherein the focused stream is operatively focused by the focusing fluid, and wherein the focusing stream and the focused stream operatively flow out from the outlet portion as a single flow stream.
48. The system according to claim 47, wherein the focusing stream substantially surrounds the focused stream in the single flow stream.
49. The system according to claim 39, wherein the liquid-containing cell is operatively sealed relative to the outside environment.
50. The system according to claim 49, wherein the flow focusing apparatus operatively delivers the focused stream and the focusing stream, into intersection with one another, in the liquid-containing cell.
51. The system according to any one of claims 49 and 50, further comprising a volume of a gas at a predetermined pressure, operatively contained within the liquid-containing cell.
52. The system according to claim 51, further comprising a gas pressure source, wherein the liquid-containing cell is shaped to define an inlet valve, and wherein the gas pressure source operatively pressurizes the gas, via the inlet valve, in the liquid-containing cell.
53. The system according to any one of claims 51 to 52, wherein the liquid-containing cell is shaped to define a pressure safety valve, and wherein the pressure safety valve operatively releases a portion of the gas or the fluid bath, when the pressure exceeds a predetermined maximum safety pressure for the sealed liquid-containing cell.
54. The system according to claim 53, wherein the pressure safety valve is provided on, and in operative fluid relation with, the outlet port of the liquid-containing cell, and wherein the pressure safety valve operatively releases a portion of the fluid bath, when the pressure exceeds the predetermined maximum safety pressure.
55. The system according to any one of claims 51 to 54, wherein the gas comprises an inert gas.
56. The system according to any one of claims 51 to 55, wherein (i) the pressure of the gas is predetermined, in balance with operative flow rates for (ii) the focused stream through the polymer nozzle and (iii) the focusing stream through the focusing nozzle, so as to maintain the fluid bath at a substantially constant liquid level.
57. The system according to any one of claims 39 to 56, wherein the stirring bar comprises an electric stirring bar or a magnetic stirring bar.
58. The system according to any one of claims 39 to 57, wherein the liquid-containing cell is shaped to define a sealed orifice, with the sealed orifice being selectively openable, so as to recover solidified microbeads through the orifice, from the fluid bath.
59. A system for forming one or more concentrated volumes of microbeads, the system comprising:

(a) a fluid bath, a focusing fluid, and a polymer solution and/or suspension comprising a polymer dissolved and/or dispersed in a medium;

(b) a flow focusing apparatus comprising:

(i) a polymer nozzle operatively delivering a focused stream of the polymer solution and/or suspension; and (ii) a focusing nozzle operatively delivering a focusing stream of the focusing solution;

with the flow focusing apparatus operatively delivering the focused stream and the focusing stream into intersection with one another, and with the flow focusing apparatus operatively flowing the focusing stream and the focused stream into the fluid bath, so as to form the microbeads in the fluid bath;

(c) a liquid-containing cell shaped to define an outlet port, with the liquid-containing cell operatively containing the fluid bath and operatively delivering a volume of the focusing fluid out from the fluid bath, via the outlet port, so as to concentrate the microbeads in the fluid bath; and (d) a conduit in fluid communication between the outlet port and the focusing nozzle, so as to operatively recycle at least part of the volume of the focusing fluid operatively delivered out from the fluid bath, via the outlet port, as at least part of the focusing stream operatively delivered by the focusing nozzle.
60. The system according to any one of claims 39 to 59, wherein the medium comprises an organic solvent.
61. The system according to claim 60, wherein the organic solvent comprises chloroform or dichloromethane.
62. The system according to any one of claims 39 to 61, wherein the polymer is substantially hydrophobic.
63. The system according to any one of claims 39 to 62, wherein the polymer comprises a polystyrene powder or a derivative thereof.
64. The system according to any one of claims 39 to 63, wherein the focusing fluid comprises water.
65. The system according to any one of claims 39 to 64, wherein the polymer solution and/or suspension further comprises particles dissolved and/or dispersed in the medium, and wherein each of the microbeads binds an identifiable set of the particles.
66. The system according to claim 65, wherein the particles comprise fluorophores.
67. The system according to claim 65, wherein the particles comprise nanoparticles.
68. The system according to claim 67, wherein the nanoparticles comprise semiconductor nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, metallic conductor nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, or phosphorescent nanoparticles.
69. The system according to claim 65, wherein the particles comprise quantum dots.
70. The system according to claim 65, wherein the particles comprise a combination of quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles.
71. The system according to any one of claims 39 to 70, wherein the polymer solution and/or suspension has a concentration of about 0.04 by weight-weight percentage (4 wt %).
72. A system for forming one or more concentrated volumes of microbeads, the system being for use with a fluid bath, a focusing fluid, and a polymer solution and/or suspension comprising a polymer dissolved and/or dispersed in a medium, the system comprising:

(a) a flow focusing apparatus comprising:

(i) a polymer nozzle operatively delivering a focused stream of the polymer solution and/or suspension; and (ii) a focusing nozzle operatively delivering a focusing stream of the focusing solution;

with the flow focusing apparatus operatively delivering the focused stream and the focusing stream into intersection with one another, and with the flow focusing apparatus operatively flowing the focusing stream and the focused stream into the fluid bath, so as to form the microbeads in the fluid bath; and (b) a liquid-containing cell shaped to define an outlet port, with the liquid-containing cell operatively containing the fluid bath and operatively delivering a volume of the focusing fluid out from the fluid bath, via the outlet port, so as to concentrate the microbeads in the fluid bath; wherein the liquid-containing cell further comprises a stirring bar operatively maintaining the fluid bath under stirring, and wherein the fluid bath operatively allows the microbeads to solidify.
73. A system for forming one or more concentrated volumes of microbeads, the system being for use with a fluid bath, a focusing fluid, and a polymer solution and/or suspension comprising a polymer dissolved and/or dispersed in a medium, the system comprising:

(a) a flow focusing apparatus comprising:

(i) a polymer nozzle operatively delivering a focused stream of the polymer solution and/or suspension; and (ii) a focusing nozzle operatively delivering a focusing stream of the focusing solution;

with the flow focusing apparatus operatively delivering the focused stream and the focusing stream into intersection with one another, and with the flow focusing apparatus operatively flowing the focusing stream and the focused stream into the fluid bath, so as to form the microbeads in the fluid bath;

(b) a liquid-containing cell shaped to define an outlet port, with the liquid-containing cell operatively containing the fluid bath and operatively delivering a volume of the focusing fluid out from the fluid bath, via the outlet port, so as to concentrate the microbeads in the fluid bath; and (c) a conduit in fluid communication between the outlet port and the focusing nozzle, so as to operatively recycle at least part of the volume of the focusing fluid operatively delivered out from the fluid bath, via the outlet port, as at least part of the focusing stream operatively delivered by the focusing nozzle.
CA2702367A 2007-10-12 2008-10-10 Flow focusing method and system for forming concentrated volumes of microbeads, and microbeads formed further thereto Expired - Fee Related CA2702367C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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US97966707P 2007-10-12 2007-10-12
US60/979,667 2007-10-12
PCT/CA2008/001808 WO2009046540A1 (en) 2007-10-12 2008-10-10 Flow focusing method and system for forming concentrated volumes of microbeads, and microbeads formed further thereto

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CA2702367A1 true CA2702367A1 (en) 2009-04-16
CA2702367C CA2702367C (en) 2012-08-21

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