CA2680385C - Method and apparatus for evaluating rapid changes in current - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for evaluating rapid changes in current Download PDFInfo
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- CA2680385C CA2680385C CA2680385A CA2680385A CA2680385C CA 2680385 C CA2680385 C CA 2680385C CA 2680385 A CA2680385 A CA 2680385A CA 2680385 A CA2680385 A CA 2680385A CA 2680385 C CA2680385 C CA 2680385C
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/12—Measuring rate of change
Abstract
In order to detect and evaluate changes in current as a result of electric arcs, a sensor signal (di/dt) differentiated on the basis of time (t) is produced with a sensor-dependent frequency bandwidth (f gol - f gu) whose upper cutoff frequency (f gol) is 40 MHz and whose lower cutoff frequency (f gu) is 100 kHz, wherein the sensor signal (S A) is taken and an evaluation signal (S' A) is produced with an upper cutoff frequency (f go2) of less than or equal to 10 MHz, wherein the evaluation signal (S' A) is compared with a threshold value and a normalized signal (S D, S' D) is produced, and wherein the pulse duration of the signal (S D, S' D) is extended to a prescribed time value (.DELTA.t2).
Description
Description Method and apparatus for evaluating rapid changes in current The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for evaluating sensor-detected rapid changes in current as a result of electric arcs.
To measure an electric current which changes over time, particularly with steep-edged, rapid changes in current, it is known practice from WO 2005/098458 Al to use a sensor with a ferromagnetic coupling element and with a secondary or sensor winding which surrounds the latter and also with a primary or exciter winder which carries the current whose rapid changes in current need to be detected. At the connection ends of the sensor winding, it is possible to tap off a current or voltage signal which results from the change in gradient (d2Ip/dt2) as a result of high-frequency signal components in the current signal and from the attenuation (gain) as a result of the coupling of the sensor winding to the exciter winding by means of the ferromagnetic coupling element. This signal is sampled using an analog/digital converter. The known sensor, which does not perform proportional current measurement but rather detects changes in the current level in a particular frequency range, can be used to detect events as a result of electric arcs with a little complexity.
The invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable method and an apparatus for evaluating sensor-detected rapid changes in current as a result of electric arcs.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting and evaluating changes in current as a result of electric arcs, the method comprising:
- la -producing a sensor signal differentiated on a basis of time with a sensor-dependent frequency bandwidth having an upper cutoff frequency being f ¨ gol MHz and a lower cutoff frequency being fg,,,100 kHz;
producing an evaluation signal with an upper cutoff frequency of 1 MHz f ¨go2 MHz from the sensor signal;
producing a normalized pulsed signal from the evaluation signal; and extending a pulse duration of the normalized pulsed signal to a prescribed time value.
In some embodiments, a signal level and the pulse duration of the normalized pulsed signal are normalized to a prescribed time value.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises counting successive normalized pulsed signals within a prescribed time window.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises adjusting the prescribed time window to a time interval in a as range.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises extending the pulse duration of a single signal pulse in the normalized pulsed signal if at least two signal pulses in the normalized pulsed signal are counted within the prescribed time window.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises extending the pulse duration of the normalized pulsed signal to At2>>At1.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for detecting and evaluating changes in current as a result of electric arcs, the apparatus comprising:
a current sensor having a ferromagnetic coupling element, a sensor winding surrounding said ferromagnetic - lb -coupling element, and an exciter winding for carrying the current; and an evaluation electronics unit having an analog-to-digital converter, said evaluation electronics unit being connected to said current sensor and transforms a frequency-dependent sensor signal which can be tapped off directly from said current sensor, including from said exciter winding thereof, into a normalized signal using said analog-to-digital converter and to extend a pulse duration of the normalized signal to a prescribed time value.
In some embodiments, said exciter winding of said current sensor surrounds said ferromagnetic coupling element at a distance from said sensor winding and disposed above said sensor winding.
In some embodiments, said current sensor is operative as a time differentiation element and as a bandpass filter having a band frequency of between 100 kHz and 40 MHz.
In some embodiments, said evaluation electronics unit has, at its input, a low pass filter which is connected upstream of said analog-to-digital converter and which has a cutoff frequency of 1 MHz to 10 MHz.
In some embodiments, said evaluation electronics unit has a normalization element connected downstream of said analog-to-digital converter for normalizing the normalized signal over time.
In some embodiments, said evaluation electronics unit has a counter module for detecting a number of signal pulses in the normalized signal.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises a functional module for signal processing connected downstream of said evaluation electronics unit and having a sample-and-hold circuit for extending the pulse - lc -duration of the normalized signal to the prescribed time value.
In some embodiments, said analog-to-digital converter comprises comparators, 1-bit converters, or both.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: a microcontroller connected downstream of said functional module; and a common housing, wherein at least two of said current sensor, said evaluation electronics unit, said functional module for signal processing and said microcontroller are integrated into said common housing.
To measure an electric current which changes over time, particularly with steep-edged, rapid changes in current, it is known practice from WO 2005/098458 Al to use a sensor with a ferromagnetic coupling element and with a secondary or sensor winding which surrounds the latter and also with a primary or exciter winder which carries the current whose rapid changes in current need to be detected. At the connection ends of the sensor winding, it is possible to tap off a current or voltage signal which results from the change in gradient (d2Ip/dt2) as a result of high-frequency signal components in the current signal and from the attenuation (gain) as a result of the coupling of the sensor winding to the exciter winding by means of the ferromagnetic coupling element. This signal is sampled using an analog/digital converter. The known sensor, which does not perform proportional current measurement but rather detects changes in the current level in a particular frequency range, can be used to detect events as a result of electric arcs with a little complexity.
The invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable method and an apparatus for evaluating sensor-detected rapid changes in current as a result of electric arcs.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting and evaluating changes in current as a result of electric arcs, the method comprising:
- la -producing a sensor signal differentiated on a basis of time with a sensor-dependent frequency bandwidth having an upper cutoff frequency being f ¨ gol MHz and a lower cutoff frequency being fg,,,100 kHz;
producing an evaluation signal with an upper cutoff frequency of 1 MHz f ¨go2 MHz from the sensor signal;
producing a normalized pulsed signal from the evaluation signal; and extending a pulse duration of the normalized pulsed signal to a prescribed time value.
In some embodiments, a signal level and the pulse duration of the normalized pulsed signal are normalized to a prescribed time value.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises counting successive normalized pulsed signals within a prescribed time window.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises adjusting the prescribed time window to a time interval in a as range.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises extending the pulse duration of a single signal pulse in the normalized pulsed signal if at least two signal pulses in the normalized pulsed signal are counted within the prescribed time window.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises extending the pulse duration of the normalized pulsed signal to At2>>At1.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for detecting and evaluating changes in current as a result of electric arcs, the apparatus comprising:
a current sensor having a ferromagnetic coupling element, a sensor winding surrounding said ferromagnetic - lb -coupling element, and an exciter winding for carrying the current; and an evaluation electronics unit having an analog-to-digital converter, said evaluation electronics unit being connected to said current sensor and transforms a frequency-dependent sensor signal which can be tapped off directly from said current sensor, including from said exciter winding thereof, into a normalized signal using said analog-to-digital converter and to extend a pulse duration of the normalized signal to a prescribed time value.
In some embodiments, said exciter winding of said current sensor surrounds said ferromagnetic coupling element at a distance from said sensor winding and disposed above said sensor winding.
In some embodiments, said current sensor is operative as a time differentiation element and as a bandpass filter having a band frequency of between 100 kHz and 40 MHz.
In some embodiments, said evaluation electronics unit has, at its input, a low pass filter which is connected upstream of said analog-to-digital converter and which has a cutoff frequency of 1 MHz to 10 MHz.
In some embodiments, said evaluation electronics unit has a normalization element connected downstream of said analog-to-digital converter for normalizing the normalized signal over time.
In some embodiments, said evaluation electronics unit has a counter module for detecting a number of signal pulses in the normalized signal.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises a functional module for signal processing connected downstream of said evaluation electronics unit and having a sample-and-hold circuit for extending the pulse - lc -duration of the normalized signal to the prescribed time value.
In some embodiments, said analog-to-digital converter comprises comparators, 1-bit converters, or both.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: a microcontroller connected downstream of said functional module; and a common housing, wherein at least two of said current sensor, said evaluation electronics unit, said functional module for signal processing and said microcontroller are integrated into said common housing.
For the purpose of detecting and evaluating changes in current as a result of electric arcs, the method according to the invention provides for a processable evaluation signal to be produced from a time-differentiated and bandpass-filtered sensor signal. The sensor-dependent bandwidth of the sensor signal is between the upper cutoff frequency of 40 MHz and the lower cutoff frequency of 100 kHz. This differentiated evaluation or sensor signal (differentiated on the basis of time) is then frequency-filtered. An appropriate evaluation signal with an upper cutoff frequency preferably lower than 10 MHz is digitized using a voltage-based threshold value comparison.
The signal produced in this case, which is subsequently also called the pulsed signal, with a normalized signal level (amplitude) has its pulse duration extended to a prescribed time value, particularly to 100 s.
Preferably, the pulse duration of a single signal pulse is extended, and said signal pulse is therefore evaluated and/or processed further, only when a plurality of successive signal pulses (impulses) are counted within the time window. In this case, the time value of the pulse extension is expediently set to the processing time or speed of a microprocessor or microcontroller suitably used for signal evaluation.
In line with one preferred variant of the method, not only is the signal level normalized but also the duration or pulse duration of the still unextended signal is normalized to a prescribed time value. Next, successive normalized pulsed signals are expediently counted within a prescribed time window, particularly with a time interval of 10 ps.
In line with the invention, an apparatus which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method has, in addition to a current sensor which is suitable for detecting rapid changes in current and which is preferably as space-saving as possible, an evaluation electronicr unit for signal processing which is connected to said current sensor. Said evaluation electronics unit is provided and set up for the purpose of transforming the frequency-dependent sensor signal which can be tapped off from the sensor winding of the sensor into digital signals, counting said signals and then extending the pulse duration of the signal or signal pulse to a prescribed time value.
A normalization element which is connected downstream of an analog/digital converter in the evaluation electronics unit in one advantageous refinement is used for signal normalization over time. In addition, the evaluation electronics unit expediently has a counter for detecting the number of pulsed signals and/or signal pulses. Also, the evaluation electronics unit suitably has a sample-and-hold circuit for extending the pulse duration of the pulsed signal.
The advantages attained with the invention are, in particular, that direct arc recognition with a high level of interference immunity is rendered possible with a simultaneously small physical volume and low power consumption and low computation power in the detection and evaluation system.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing, in which:
Figure 1 schematically shows the response of an apparatus for detecting and evaluating changes in current with a sensor module and also with an evaluation electronics unit for processing the signals illustrated in graphs, and Figure 2 shows the design of a suitable current sensor , for detecting rapid changes in current.
Corresponding parts have been provided with the same reference symbols in both figures.
Figure 1 uses a block diagram to show the fundamental modules of the apparatus for detecting and evaluating changes in current as a result of electric arcs with a sensor module 10 and an evaluation electronics unit 20 for signal processing and also with a functional module 30 for further signal processing and with a microcontroller 40 for signal analysis. The sensor module 10, which is subsequently also called the current sensor, comprises the functional elements of a time-based current differentiator (differentiation function di/dt) 11 and of a bandpass filter (bandpass function) 12.
The evaluation electronics unit 20 comprises, at its input, a low pass filter 21 and, connected downstream thereof, an analog/digital converter (AD converter) in the form of preferably a comparator or 1-bit converter 22 which has a normalization element 23 connected downstream of it. The normalization element 23 in turn has a functional module 24 for time analysis, for example a counter, connected downstream of it. The functional module 30 is expediently integrated in a microprocessor, for example in the microcontroller 40.
The graphs shown beneath the block diagram illustrate the respective signals at the input and the output and also the transfer function of the relevant function blocks or functional modules. Thus, the left-hand graph in Figure 1 shows the current signal Tp to be detected and evaluated, whose changeover time (di/dt) 11 is detected by means of the sensor 10. The associated bandpass function 12 has an upper cutoff frequency fgolf preferably at fgoi - 40 MHz, and a lower cutoff frequency fgu, preferably at fgu = 100 kHz.
The signal produced in this case, which is subsequently also called the pulsed signal, with a normalized signal level (amplitude) has its pulse duration extended to a prescribed time value, particularly to 100 s.
Preferably, the pulse duration of a single signal pulse is extended, and said signal pulse is therefore evaluated and/or processed further, only when a plurality of successive signal pulses (impulses) are counted within the time window. In this case, the time value of the pulse extension is expediently set to the processing time or speed of a microprocessor or microcontroller suitably used for signal evaluation.
In line with one preferred variant of the method, not only is the signal level normalized but also the duration or pulse duration of the still unextended signal is normalized to a prescribed time value. Next, successive normalized pulsed signals are expediently counted within a prescribed time window, particularly with a time interval of 10 ps.
In line with the invention, an apparatus which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method has, in addition to a current sensor which is suitable for detecting rapid changes in current and which is preferably as space-saving as possible, an evaluation electronicr unit for signal processing which is connected to said current sensor. Said evaluation electronics unit is provided and set up for the purpose of transforming the frequency-dependent sensor signal which can be tapped off from the sensor winding of the sensor into digital signals, counting said signals and then extending the pulse duration of the signal or signal pulse to a prescribed time value.
A normalization element which is connected downstream of an analog/digital converter in the evaluation electronics unit in one advantageous refinement is used for signal normalization over time. In addition, the evaluation electronics unit expediently has a counter for detecting the number of pulsed signals and/or signal pulses. Also, the evaluation electronics unit suitably has a sample-and-hold circuit for extending the pulse duration of the pulsed signal.
The advantages attained with the invention are, in particular, that direct arc recognition with a high level of interference immunity is rendered possible with a simultaneously small physical volume and low power consumption and low computation power in the detection and evaluation system.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing, in which:
Figure 1 schematically shows the response of an apparatus for detecting and evaluating changes in current with a sensor module and also with an evaluation electronics unit for processing the signals illustrated in graphs, and Figure 2 shows the design of a suitable current sensor , for detecting rapid changes in current.
Corresponding parts have been provided with the same reference symbols in both figures.
Figure 1 uses a block diagram to show the fundamental modules of the apparatus for detecting and evaluating changes in current as a result of electric arcs with a sensor module 10 and an evaluation electronics unit 20 for signal processing and also with a functional module 30 for further signal processing and with a microcontroller 40 for signal analysis. The sensor module 10, which is subsequently also called the current sensor, comprises the functional elements of a time-based current differentiator (differentiation function di/dt) 11 and of a bandpass filter (bandpass function) 12.
The evaluation electronics unit 20 comprises, at its input, a low pass filter 21 and, connected downstream thereof, an analog/digital converter (AD converter) in the form of preferably a comparator or 1-bit converter 22 which has a normalization element 23 connected downstream of it. The normalization element 23 in turn has a functional module 24 for time analysis, for example a counter, connected downstream of it. The functional module 30 is expediently integrated in a microprocessor, for example in the microcontroller 40.
The graphs shown beneath the block diagram illustrate the respective signals at the input and the output and also the transfer function of the relevant function blocks or functional modules. Thus, the left-hand graph in Figure 1 shows the current signal Tp to be detected and evaluated, whose changeover time (di/dt) 11 is detected by means of the sensor 10. The associated bandpass function 12 has an upper cutoff frequency fgolf preferably at fgoi - 40 MHz, and a lower cutoff frequency fgu, preferably at fgu = 100 kHz.
The time-differentiated and bandpass-filtered sensor signal SA which can be tapped off from the output of the sensor 10 is frequency-filtered by means of the evaluation electronics unit 20 in the low pass filter 21 provided at the input thereof. In this case, the low pass filter 21 has an upper cutoff frequency fg02, where fg02 < 10 MHz, preferably fgo2 < 5 MHz. The low-pass-filtered sensor or evaluation signal S'A is digitized by means of the downstream AD converter 22. The digital signal SID has its signal level U normalized, at typically U = 5 V. This threshold value can be adjusted in the mV range in order to ensure safe detection of the exaggerated arc signals.
In the downstream normalization element 23, the pulse duration or pulse length of the pulsed signal is normalized over time to a time value of At2 << At. The downstream counter 24 counts the signal pulses from the normalization element 23. If two time-normalized impulses or pulsed signals S'D are recognized within a set time window of At = 10 !Is, for example, an individual pulsed signal or an individual signal pulse (single impulse) is forwarded to the functional module for signal extension. Otherwise, detected or 25 recognized pulsed signals S'D, i.e. appropriate single impulses, are ignored.
The functional module 30 essentially comprises what is known as a sample-and-hold circuit which extends the 30 forwarded single impulse in the pulsed signal S'D to a pulse duration of At2 >> Atl. As a result, a microcontroller 40 connected downstream of the functional module 30 is left sufficient time to recognize the extended pulsed signal S"D. The microcontroller 40 accordingly receives only information that a plurality of single impulses or a signal SA at a frequency of between 100 kHz and 4 MHz have occurred within the past pulse duration of At2.
If, by contrast, a constant frequency greater than 100 kHz is applied for a comparatively long period of time, the functional module 30 merely supplies a High level to the microprocessor 40. A permanent High level of this kind is recognized not to be attributable to an electric arc, however.
As Figure 2 shows, the current sensor 10 is constructed from a sensor winding or sensor coil 2 which, together with an exciter winding 3, is wound around a common coupling element 4. In this arrangement, the exciter winding 3 is situated above the sensor winding 2, which in turn surrounds the coupling element 4. The ferromagnetic coupling element 4, which is cylindrical or rod-shaped, penetrates both windings 2, 3 integrally. In this case, the sensor winding 2, comprising a plurality of sensor turns, and the exciter winder 3, which may likewise comprise a plurality of turns, are mounted on the coupling element 4 so as to be DC-isolated from one another.
The coupling element 4 and the two windings 2, 3 and also the evaluation electronics unit 20, the functional module 30 and/or the microcontroller 40 are preferably arranged in a housing, which may also be that of a circuit breaker or circuit breaker relay.
- V -List of reference symbols 2 Sensor winding 3 Exciter winding 4 Coupling element Current sensor/sensor module 11 Differentiation function 12 Bandpass function Evaluation electronics unit 21 Low pass filter 22 AD converter 23 Normalization element 24 Counter Functional module Microcontroller SA Sensor signal S'A Evaluation signal SD Digital signal SID Pulsed signal S"D Extended pulsed signal Si Current signal
In the downstream normalization element 23, the pulse duration or pulse length of the pulsed signal is normalized over time to a time value of At2 << At. The downstream counter 24 counts the signal pulses from the normalization element 23. If two time-normalized impulses or pulsed signals S'D are recognized within a set time window of At = 10 !Is, for example, an individual pulsed signal or an individual signal pulse (single impulse) is forwarded to the functional module for signal extension. Otherwise, detected or 25 recognized pulsed signals S'D, i.e. appropriate single impulses, are ignored.
The functional module 30 essentially comprises what is known as a sample-and-hold circuit which extends the 30 forwarded single impulse in the pulsed signal S'D to a pulse duration of At2 >> Atl. As a result, a microcontroller 40 connected downstream of the functional module 30 is left sufficient time to recognize the extended pulsed signal S"D. The microcontroller 40 accordingly receives only information that a plurality of single impulses or a signal SA at a frequency of between 100 kHz and 4 MHz have occurred within the past pulse duration of At2.
If, by contrast, a constant frequency greater than 100 kHz is applied for a comparatively long period of time, the functional module 30 merely supplies a High level to the microprocessor 40. A permanent High level of this kind is recognized not to be attributable to an electric arc, however.
As Figure 2 shows, the current sensor 10 is constructed from a sensor winding or sensor coil 2 which, together with an exciter winding 3, is wound around a common coupling element 4. In this arrangement, the exciter winding 3 is situated above the sensor winding 2, which in turn surrounds the coupling element 4. The ferromagnetic coupling element 4, which is cylindrical or rod-shaped, penetrates both windings 2, 3 integrally. In this case, the sensor winding 2, comprising a plurality of sensor turns, and the exciter winder 3, which may likewise comprise a plurality of turns, are mounted on the coupling element 4 so as to be DC-isolated from one another.
The coupling element 4 and the two windings 2, 3 and also the evaluation electronics unit 20, the functional module 30 and/or the microcontroller 40 are preferably arranged in a housing, which may also be that of a circuit breaker or circuit breaker relay.
- V -List of reference symbols 2 Sensor winding 3 Exciter winding 4 Coupling element Current sensor/sensor module 11 Differentiation function 12 Bandpass function Evaluation electronics unit 21 Low pass filter 22 AD converter 23 Normalization element 24 Counter Functional module Microcontroller SA Sensor signal S'A Evaluation signal SD Digital signal SID Pulsed signal S"D Extended pulsed signal Si Current signal
Claims (6)
1. A method for detecting and evaluating changes in current as a result of electric arcs, in which a sensor signal (S A) differentiated according to time (t) and having a sensor-dependent frequency bandwidth (f go1 - f gu) is produced, wherein:
the upper cut-off frequency (f go1) and the lower cut-off frequency (f gu) of the sensor signal (S A) are f go1 <= 40 MHz and f gu >= 100 kHz respectively;
an evaluation signal (S' A) with an upper cut-off frequency of 1 MHz <=f go2 <= 10 MHz is produced from the sensor signal (S A);
a normalised pulsed signal (S D, S' D) is produced from the evaluation signal (S' A); and the pulse duration (.DELTA.t1) of the normalised pulsed signal (S D, S' D) is extended to a predefined time value (.DELTA.t2).
the upper cut-off frequency (f go1) and the lower cut-off frequency (f gu) of the sensor signal (S A) are f go1 <= 40 MHz and f gu >= 100 kHz respectively;
an evaluation signal (S' A) with an upper cut-off frequency of 1 MHz <=f go2 <= 10 MHz is produced from the sensor signal (S A);
a normalised pulsed signal (S D, S' D) is produced from the evaluation signal (S' A); and the pulse duration (.DELTA.t1) of the normalised pulsed signal (S D, S' D) is extended to a predefined time value (.DELTA.t2).
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the level (U) and the pulse duration (.DELTA.t1) of the unextended pulsed signal (S' D) are normalised to a predefined time value (.DELTA.t).
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein successive normalised pulsed signals (S' D) are counted within a predefined time window (.DELTA.t2).
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the time window (.DELTA.t) is set to a time interval (.DELTA.t) in the µs range.
5. A method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the pulse duration (.DELTA.t1) of a single pulse of the pulsed signal (S' D) is extended if two or more pulses of the pulsed signal (S' D) are counted within the time window (.DELTA.t).
6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pulse duration (.DELTA. t1) of the pulsed signal (S' D) is extended to .DELTA.t2 >> .DELTA.t1.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007013712.7 | 2007-03-22 | ||
| DE102007013712A DE102007013712A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2007-03-22 | Method and device for evaluating rapid changes in current |
| PCT/EP2008/000497 WO2008113423A1 (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2008-01-23 | Method and device for evaluating fast current changes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2680385A1 CA2680385A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
| CA2680385C true CA2680385C (en) | 2015-03-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CA2680385A Expired - Fee Related CA2680385C (en) | 2007-03-22 | 2008-01-23 | Method and apparatus for evaluating rapid changes in current |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7834614B2 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2135097B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2010521686A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101680915B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2680385C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE102007013712A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2388761T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL2135097T3 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2009138923A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008113423A1 (en) |
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| DE202012007257U1 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2013-10-28 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | Device for safely switching a photovoltaic system |
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| US11498442B2 (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2022-11-15 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Systems and methods for noise cancellation in protective earth resistance check of vehicle onboard battery charger |
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| US7038897B2 (en) * | 2003-02-12 | 2006-05-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Arc fault detection system |
| DE202004005495U1 (en) | 2004-04-07 | 2005-08-18 | Ellenberger & Poensgen Gmbh | current sensor |
-
2007
- 2007-03-22 DE DE102007013712A patent/DE102007013712A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-01-23 ES ES08707210T patent/ES2388761T3/en active Active
- 2008-01-23 JP JP2009553928A patent/JP2010521686A/en active Pending
- 2008-01-23 CA CA2680385A patent/CA2680385C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-23 CN CN2008800090176A patent/CN101680915B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-23 EP EP08707210A patent/EP2135097B1/en active Active
- 2008-01-23 EP EP11003137A patent/EP2357482A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-01-23 PL PL08707210T patent/PL2135097T3/en unknown
- 2008-01-23 RU RU2009138923/28A patent/RU2009138923A/en unknown
- 2008-01-23 WO PCT/EP2008/000497 patent/WO2008113423A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-01-23 DE DE202008018257U patent/DE202008018257U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2009
- 2009-09-18 US US12/562,786 patent/US7834614B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2135097B1 (en) | 2012-05-30 |
| JP2010521686A (en) | 2010-06-24 |
| US20100007332A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
| PL2135097T3 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
| CA2680385A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
| DE102007013712A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
| US7834614B2 (en) | 2010-11-16 |
| WO2008113423A1 (en) | 2008-09-25 |
| EP2357482A1 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
| RU2009138923A (en) | 2011-04-27 |
| ES2388761T3 (en) | 2012-10-18 |
| CN101680915B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
| EP2135097A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
| DE202008018257U1 (en) | 2012-06-12 |
| CN101680915A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
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