CA2664864A1 - Electromechanical energy conversion systems - Google Patents
Electromechanical energy conversion systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2664864A1 CA2664864A1 CA002664864A CA2664864A CA2664864A1 CA 2664864 A1 CA2664864 A1 CA 2664864A1 CA 002664864 A CA002664864 A CA 002664864A CA 2664864 A CA2664864 A CA 2664864A CA 2664864 A1 CA2664864 A1 CA 2664864A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- windings
- modules
- node
- stator
- voltage bus
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/46—Fastening of windings on the stator or rotor structure
- H02K3/47—Air-gap windings, i.e. iron-free windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
- H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/48—Generators with two or more outputs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/32—Waterborne vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
- B60L2220/56—Structural details of electrical machines with switched windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
- H02K17/12—Asynchronous induction motors for multi-phase current
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
An exemplary power system may include an electric machine with multiple sets of stator windings, each set of windings being coupled through a separate switch matrix to a common voltage bus, and each of which may be spatially arranged in full pitch around the stator such that stator flux harmonics are substantially reduced. The reduced stator flux harmonics may be associated with phase current harmonic content. In an example application, such power systems may operate in a generating mode to transfer mechanical energy to electrical energy on a DC voltage bus. In some illustrative embodiments, the power system may provide both high-power and high-speed (e.g., 1MW at 8000 rpm or above) motoring and/or generating capability suitable, for example, for on-board (e.g., marine, aviation, traction) power systems.
Description
ELEC'#`R~,::.~M ~'~CHA:~ICAI:> ENERGY CONV ERS [ON SYS'IEMS
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RE.iC.rUED APPLICATIONS
a5Pi#.:.~'at;.f}:i3 i;laFi3:i p#"a ?.i":$:v tc? Pi't?visFi?F.la1l Patent Appliciibmi 60r'?6.#.23:.f Patent Apj7l3cii'i.t?~i:i 60.,X'64,8:~2 eii.[lef Conversion Sy,.F.i3':i. filed i3F;t :1 L`3''C?fr6: U.S:
,,~ ~ ~ie ti:.. y, ty.~~:" I~~.Fi~.r.~ ~a ,.,"
{~~<=`i~. 03::.
P.i'.?v;se+.3r.<1.l Piacm .~pplic,iii:..n 95,t~x5 entitled '`~`li~õ~>
~'~~::i~:uY S't.L,..,~,=~.
~Tat?;F?o 2..l.'5:::T'{c .Sii'Cai Fi4+j i3ed s?tl 3. :5: 2")01?7: i.i.id US.
Pi.ti:3aE A~~'' 3iiLsF.ttF3 ~.. ; , .1E;~~5'.f 4 ~,= :
Ete?'+,?,,t "~.:oi3t%e3'S7o#1 StStci1EsA'. ~.Yl<'ia on '.3an,% 21, 2().i;
.MN
d3.;~~loku...`.5 of a.c a>~t3.5:~:~ and iG~:.i1;t~ ~is~:.tiL:r.~.)tI'~'.23 portions i.if~. i' of ..~3<. p;;'d Fi~.L' i#~-F~?i.u<3.:?.$s TECHNICAL FIELD
Vi3a;.oi3w eiat;.3(. sdi.i3eii{."= Fe$tsw to i3"1d:StC?xii3g &t]d:'(?[' =xE~'Y3c.izifii:`g aY;Ac_n{i'.S. Some ^~.`fied).Ii:ihu':' +..nbodtmt.3i.:s `i7 Fy ,?i in L?1^boOYd's1ppl102Etiit}- ~ Ci3pa''i?~e Of 114T.11 :tPeu, iiig:? A'<34Le -~ ~ 87AC RT.8.3 ROf,. NP
si?rr~;. F;y(?l;:b 4ya.<'.3'1n) n3:y i;oF3i't'..i'i F31Ct~laTtlsi=e:i iE3en4;"t ii3tti`y i.1ec,Cr3tt2l ciT:'4 Ei3i f F' ~i~~~`t=f'E ~..t'.i~;.<<?;i E23tit}v :,1i? i1i'-c,?c3it10al e ~.i~di;.~TlC:, #F~.?...F:i~.FLif' c <:::
S.F]L::+de F j,)iaE3::c `n:ilvvC:.i' a:ad iFFI QkC";f(33'ili:cluirYFcF$xeli ni~.'i)i; 41Fch as an C,:.Iw?"aC: T c:i:~).E11 ., i3. .t ui3i:F
t{}F3v'G:L .Fk4=Y'~}ti~.i z43` cF?'1.rgj ii3t\) electrical Lnergt.
S,i5xlil<i.f;irtExtoib1i sttiti.:3i'3 4(li. .nL.hat:Q t22 D
;..i,.t.,>cl13va? load Coi:{p,s,:d to i-m electric In:it;hitit. StF.Cl3 s4';it0nZ.s #.;~-p1C';i~ly 1.F3t:i:3.:i:' p,3sSiv~~ 43;' F .#s~t'v' s,:<?A?tFZ'.,~i4~i3 ,pL?~;~~.i~ ..x~i=~+:.i#"i1}Ail C~~bFc4.',s. to pi"o'L4s:S :.F&i. <.it'c.}iL'a3:l L'.ieI~.?y (f:.g., by C J,x: C'.ri [3."PAC ' ihC:'.r3c fi`..ws z.'ti;:.'~'.ni; tf: DC (direct t'Itl.'re7i ) or i Et.c, i'kF s~i). In i:dd7' :3i... such ~L sÃL:Fs t'i3#i Fi,,~. ~?.3:I1`'~t3;~~:?43', li`I~' x:~ils,i~if)i`~ or for matching i"t':~.Ãagt~= levels >.13 ~1>t.~:F't~:Ã ~~'itE>F):~
t>f wFi ==1e.cIi,-.t Ai:.#Wi3#`k.
25 SLTN'INIARY
An ;nc..;3p~~~i3f'4' pm4?t d;iY:iti>n3 :?"iay fliFtiiud-~,.` :iI1 C
.lC'.FA=ti'Fc F;xi:cllll:le *:* ifl:i i?:Fft$p;e of ,a it0; W tdiAVgs; t,wh 3t.: C`: windings being coupled i?i.iC?::gh : St ;?ii2'~te `4 lE i:1; 3:? Fx k$ =":i ci3ai1num 'v?E,ige bus, .tu?i. C:.w:i:h of b~_.i~[ < IFIFi?i bG, ~pFF:Ii}., l.F}' e2T fi2` d i;a f[F.ii, p!i:J:i ~-.~,.'iS`iaFii i.~3t:=
"'ll<:?3 :l`tc~, ~.? t~ t~:it ~'F<3I7I](?[1iro14 iii S:F~~:icil`f~.FmE?z;~`
F~U't~~i:L~C'.ii~. ~~li; reduced ~lf3:S
:.ifZ 1ta.t'[??t?:[1.s, i: r::isl3GFs~;:E?i._ -wfi3 '; yi3tist vil.2`F'ent h:il'3.~',3.C3Ii.c E;ontt:n:. IFi: $.i3 CJ9:9m`}S:t:-cipp5_k.cF, .C3i3;
.3~W E?pc,ic?tm .`~i:. ::i gt'nLnafln~A mode E_C3 t#eiiF4i+'.'.:i 12)i`ch.i.ae..a?~~ tF4 õY
DC ',+i?;.$zi4õi' bus. h. st?#.31o llLiitraii+.. .-'.St3:?i`d#.F'FFc.nt4, Iffic jxm{'<z Sy;it<.S.i3.
1.
iniOL` pI1?iidt.'~ Ixi3t23 h.is h-t?(#~~.cr 'tl.:'ed hitõ~F-spti;=d IMW iit ^000 I`'~.?#1? E?I'. <3b+.1.:';
z3 :d!Ã`,r wà aj~rc(tii3w capability 4a;tt3iLjlt'. R?t t,'.!Ãa.ÃIkplC:, for (?'f?--l3ozi."d tr f<.E?i?i? i p: wÃ:i s; meE#1:i:
In R,;3:Yt`+E3.4 .'.,3'E3:?t`?d3meFt.., stator wi3i.diFlat:i E# flhe 4lei;:i#4~ lI1ach1:E?c may be C:?.mec.efi i.o ~ sl#bsta.3#.3:.d~l-y reduce or G.eIt7ct`.l 0:tti ;A-l'>xi of ti41?t ~'1:3~7Y1(?#.i#~= E;.urf-Ci?Ã;i f1'f?x37 1:le PL'?ts'Esr a.~out'ol;1.i,ti including h7mni4;.i?.ic orders tti.?'x#i. t3E'Ã:~ . .linc[ToF3 of 1;lF::
~nt3+33b43' i#:~~~ sets of phase tZ E11 d.;?g. f\: 11.tFw fi#..Bn'~?L`.i' of P:ast_3 (M) a'3Ã:at:i3. :;ie[ i?l' wii d.li#1g. and 5wi3.tihhlg ::'"cE;lt4nty of dxZ;c..s . z ffi,~
~+124'S, i.t3~e:r:d?ld; cofl3lt:M,',1', For a given st:'etoE' 4itlidin;`
configuration .I. ?hi'.:F?a<3ti:>.ws <?#.E'ti]p flux alai,3.E.`i3iS::ti Hlt<3- 1+ be Fc&ved for f,.?<;I14TIatl.:3g 4t~lE
F?7tt?[3~ for t'.xs?m:pl4,.", a r;.i)5t'. `Yi3.bod113:Ie.:3E:=, increasing the 4=C?;:?. and c(?i?IS?lÃ.x=Lv i_}f tIle 111a4hl:?i.'. 4 St<3t[3:, Lat.'cr`.'.:35e dx:, ct7"4 of tlit: drive ~v: h an t.f."~: ^E.d`z.iE:.t#Ã?. .3 of thiÃ3 SystC.:F?-I and 1F31t32'i?ve#3iC:i3I w the t,.E,..is..+ ~" ACf?:F
pÃ:rtL?:`[3:1m:' C-`,.-1: "':)i3.is:, i;lf`;ctri+:.E;l power 'geTiercil:if)Fl e?6z1t#`>pleSa an AC ti C?l?_{igE. fi'E3I3.k X-1-phz3sà ..
`S :.C?%E3. set ~. . ~=~# .iÃi~ by i~ c i?F7S i~7i~~3Z~13 ti~ switch ~aFi3t`=.`i~., which may ~;C.~ for E.~.lv, <:ti? i~'i^
F c~a ~'C..: = ~~ ~ t?~?>1:+:' ;3~,5tii~'~:: `~raC~~,t tl::`#:'r or ,i., tit'.~:1~~0l~: controlled power 4ii.z~E.yii'.,,1c c+3.:.~i:.~t ari~ ..o c . -with i t:Ii`#i?i.i d s:wft; I:{t-q'Ã lC mianis. In a s?et3E ratlng mode of operation, Ehf. LLÃ:fiL'Ã E?t#:pzi ,:3r~;a.,ati fId?...a eit.,.f of tiw:tc,i .'õi311#t.i.'s may be iTSclzagGd 3 ap3T`r.Ellcl.:s5='iGs; iS a .3e3'i:?Ã3f;.
ft5x t:d?f3:f#t.E.t#o-n W, the v}.J1ag'c bus. In SC?IF?i~ eti?E?t?d'{F3wiiEsr i?u electrical 3_tlac.$.i3?...--.s"#<?.ti havc a A>L#'Ytl:s'E#`i .` :3:i3:,not ::oIm and ftle t?:I4`lt:ti7ne k3;ti:ty be Ce,`i:lz~'f~iEi'E.'~%~ as a EZ3~~F3 #EEi iS?~.i.hYi..Z'. or g~1 , w',~tõfas a I 3?we{3#. ..
Ct',}'a# ;,:2l33(id##I3.C_31`s may provide one C33" ini?de ad\'a1l awf:s. Ã
i?FI?:;?.s.., :tE;:#'#.1?.1 t.,ibESdFint.mu iwc.y:y.wFude pi'3~'usite rE:diffeI'`+: such as Ci#C?Ã3'Ã' wiEicl; may i:mi'C .
si3bSu3::?t#.dJ14' ?cd..oiA power .osi?S. Tho 3tert3gf current lIa3Ezlf:~=d by f;=i?i:h of E:ti_ s%, t,...F-;
matrices ailiZ. esfy>i w t3t ii1g 3.r.iy 13':: s?:1b`,''1la#iit,f<`-3.llL`
r~.dIICi.d, for C`.?:sf#f1hZli-; C'.jiLi'E E3:ii? .:1a'`~~-wx 25 {344f3' Ã e T:zC'.ic Sk.'Z dL::E;# #d3t3.?3;?S. SL'loitilr'L, sC331e e}1'i)<)d1T??E3iw Sitay provide E11?.;?ri?Yr=ei t{,,,'. i'$b3,ibtzn of po%Ã"C.z' If3wti across ?i3uid}7le (#ievl<'4s. StEi:h reduced ':a`: ng`
L3able, .C?s .;x3iiiA?at?. .i:;:= of lower E:C3s$., more lv#dGly c3ti+:iila#i?lE: 'iwtt.iaEFE~ t:.Ã.'v#C:f:.ti õo&:%id ,'#t,f1`1.:II , h:33. t"f?:+t5(e'g, s.:i I#4=4 :;('.+C#llilg; bt:w Slakw, or the l:ke). Such i?L'=,f.t,if4 3.".":`,.:}' Rxnhi,wa 5iefd F13:?4.23:>E3.E3 :.stvITtg."> in 13iNg'i, c3Sse#:I? ?iy, and s'::Ã?mp`?3'iiiI t.ost:::
.
FÃ?a 4i` i"nt. .:.2L'4t7?.c Pt.31SeF; gt?:oratl.i ~~ ~"Yslt'EY1S< *f.2?3ji'3E
p<>Sa4-~.'`e ( ~ i :4?w cost reCt.ifit: iny ?le used in ti#`,=3':c linjJie#:iF'.iat?t1<;3nS tc, obtain 3d3'aE3.tagt'... `. {%at s`..1cl:`a&
`E1b~l:333 ) ~~:4' rQE~ 3Cti? e~.f~ ~lSt. `:S?t :ry~~:,i and ~3[? lX T
reliability ii11L C=i~.L..t::aC:b'. F13:.~i7.?.'.', "Cda.ul :g x.c.'.n1sõ3;1#Q iiE3 Y may ..td2'z1nti fi?i?ti<i ;i mdL#t tpÃz.~-t4? loss i#t a t=iztt?3" of E2..w 'LZ
<l._t;tSi:~F. FncFcl1=I?E bC reducing haf-mE}i?3ti~ energy t,?zift'xE1ay C;E?t3plt', #`'.? Iffie rt)Ii`,a. :TFF 3'<ITit?11:5 36 G3 3wC?3i?.L.#t?, 'ic(' f31F3t :ix?f A ;i {i.lzi$x '>t4E`ii. :3ttd 4t.
iii.Iure #3] t s #ilp:#fZ h ~ ^ 3f L'f: a?i<f~3-=plowei=
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RE.iC.rUED APPLICATIONS
a5Pi#.:.~'at;.f}:i3 i;laFi3:i p#"a ?.i":$:v tc? Pi't?visFi?F.la1l Patent Appliciibmi 60r'?6.#.23:.f Patent Apj7l3cii'i.t?~i:i 60.,X'64,8:~2 eii.[lef Conversion Sy,.F.i3':i. filed i3F;t :1 L`3''C?fr6: U.S:
,,~ ~ ~ie ti:.. y, ty.~~:" I~~.Fi~.r.~ ~a ,.,"
{~~<=`i~. 03::.
P.i'.?v;se+.3r.<1.l Piacm .~pplic,iii:..n 95,t~x5 entitled '`~`li~õ~>
~'~~::i~:uY S't.L,..,~,=~.
~Tat?;F?o 2..l.'5:::T'{c .Sii'Cai Fi4+j i3ed s?tl 3. :5: 2")01?7: i.i.id US.
Pi.ti:3aE A~~'' 3iiLsF.ttF3 ~.. ; , .1E;~~5'.f 4 ~,= :
Ete?'+,?,,t "~.:oi3t%e3'S7o#1 StStci1EsA'. ~.Yl<'ia on '.3an,% 21, 2().i;
.MN
d3.;~~loku...`.5 of a.c a>~t3.5:~:~ and iG~:.i1;t~ ~is~:.tiL:r.~.)tI'~'.23 portions i.if~. i' of ..~3<. p;;'d Fi~.L' i#~-F~?i.u<3.:?.$s TECHNICAL FIELD
Vi3a;.oi3w eiat;.3(. sdi.i3eii{."= Fe$tsw to i3"1d:StC?xii3g &t]d:'(?[' =xE~'Y3c.izifii:`g aY;Ac_n{i'.S. Some ^~.`fied).Ii:ihu':' +..nbodtmt.3i.:s `i7 Fy ,?i in L?1^boOYd's1ppl102Etiit}- ~ Ci3pa''i?~e Of 114T.11 :tPeu, iiig:? A'<34Le -~ ~ 87AC RT.8.3 ROf,. NP
si?rr~;. F;y(?l;:b 4ya.<'.3'1n) n3:y i;oF3i't'..i'i F31Ct~laTtlsi=e:i iE3en4;"t ii3tti`y i.1ec,Cr3tt2l ciT:'4 Ei3i f F' ~i~~~`t=f'E ~..t'.i~;.<<?;i E23tit}v :,1i? i1i'-c,?c3it10al e ~.i~di;.~TlC:, #F~.?...F:i~.FLif' c <:::
S.F]L::+de F j,)iaE3::c `n:ilvvC:.i' a:ad iFFI QkC";f(33'ili:cluirYFcF$xeli ni~.'i)i; 41Fch as an C,:.Iw?"aC: T c:i:~).E11 ., i3. .t ui3i:F
t{}F3v'G:L .Fk4=Y'~}ti~.i z43` cF?'1.rgj ii3t\) electrical Lnergt.
S,i5xlil<i.f;irtExtoib1i sttiti.:3i'3 4(li. .nL.hat:Q t22 D
;..i,.t.,>cl13va? load Coi:{p,s,:d to i-m electric In:it;hitit. StF.Cl3 s4';it0nZ.s #.;~-p1C';i~ly 1.F3t:i:3.:i:' p,3sSiv~~ 43;' F .#s~t'v' s,:<?A?tFZ'.,~i4~i3 ,pL?~;~~.i~ ..x~i=~+:.i#"i1}Ail C~~bFc4.',s. to pi"o'L4s:S :.F&i. <.it'c.}iL'a3:l L'.ieI~.?y (f:.g., by C J,x: C'.ri [3."PAC ' ihC:'.r3c fi`..ws z.'ti;:.'~'.ni; tf: DC (direct t'Itl.'re7i ) or i Et.c, i'kF s~i). In i:dd7' :3i... such ~L sÃL:Fs t'i3#i Fi,,~. ~?.3:I1`'~t3;~~:?43', li`I~' x:~ils,i~if)i`~ or for matching i"t':~.Ãagt~= levels >.13 ~1>t.~:F't~:Ã ~~'itE>F):~
t>f wFi ==1e.cIi,-.t Ai:.#Wi3#`k.
25 SLTN'INIARY
An ;nc..;3p~~~i3f'4' pm4?t d;iY:iti>n3 :?"iay fliFtiiud-~,.` :iI1 C
.lC'.FA=ti'Fc F;xi:cllll:le *:* ifl:i i?:Fft$p;e of ,a it0; W tdiAVgs; t,wh 3t.: C`: windings being coupled i?i.iC?::gh : St ;?ii2'~te `4 lE i:1; 3:? Fx k$ =":i ci3ai1num 'v?E,ige bus, .tu?i. C:.w:i:h of b~_.i~[ < IFIFi?i bG, ~pFF:Ii}., l.F}' e2T fi2` d i;a f[F.ii, p!i:J:i ~-.~,.'iS`iaFii i.~3t:=
"'ll<:?3 :l`tc~, ~.? t~ t~:it ~'F<3I7I](?[1iro14 iii S:F~~:icil`f~.FmE?z;~`
F~U't~~i:L~C'.ii~. ~~li; reduced ~lf3:S
:.ifZ 1ta.t'[??t?:[1.s, i: r::isl3GFs~;:E?i._ -wfi3 '; yi3tist vil.2`F'ent h:il'3.~',3.C3Ii.c E;ontt:n:. IFi: $.i3 CJ9:9m`}S:t:-cipp5_k.cF, .C3i3;
.3~W E?pc,ic?tm .`~i:. ::i gt'nLnafln~A mode E_C3 t#eiiF4i+'.'.:i 12)i`ch.i.ae..a?~~ tF4 õY
DC ',+i?;.$zi4õi' bus. h. st?#.31o llLiitraii+.. .-'.St3:?i`d#.F'FFc.nt4, Iffic jxm{'<z Sy;it<.S.i3.
1.
iniOL` pI1?iidt.'~ Ixi3t23 h.is h-t?(#~~.cr 'tl.:'ed hitõ~F-spti;=d IMW iit ^000 I`'~.?#1? E?I'. <3b+.1.:';
z3 :d!Ã`,r wà aj~rc(tii3w capability 4a;tt3iLjlt'. R?t t,'.!Ãa.ÃIkplC:, for (?'f?--l3ozi."d tr f<.E?i?i? i p: wÃ:i s; meE#1:i:
In R,;3:Yt`+E3.4 .'.,3'E3:?t`?d3meFt.., stator wi3i.diFlat:i E# flhe 4lei;:i#4~ lI1ach1:E?c may be C:?.mec.efi i.o ~ sl#bsta.3#.3:.d~l-y reduce or G.eIt7ct`.l 0:tti ;A-l'>xi of ti41?t ~'1:3~7Y1(?#.i#~= E;.urf-Ci?Ã;i f1'f?x37 1:le PL'?ts'Esr a.~out'ol;1.i,ti including h7mni4;.i?.ic orders tti.?'x#i. t3E'Ã:~ . .linc[ToF3 of 1;lF::
~nt3+33b43' i#:~~~ sets of phase tZ E11 d.;?g. f\: 11.tFw fi#..Bn'~?L`.i' of P:ast_3 (M) a'3Ã:at:i3. :;ie[ i?l' wii d.li#1g. and 5wi3.tihhlg ::'"cE;lt4nty of dxZ;c..s . z ffi,~
~+124'S, i.t3~e:r:d?ld; cofl3lt:M,',1', For a given st:'etoE' 4itlidin;`
configuration .I. ?hi'.:F?a<3ti:>.ws <?#.E'ti]p flux alai,3.E.`i3iS::ti Hlt<3- 1+ be Fc&ved for f,.?<;I14TIatl.:3g 4t~lE
F?7tt?[3~ for t'.xs?m:pl4,.", a r;.i)5t'. `Yi3.bod113:Ie.:3E:=, increasing the 4=C?;:?. and c(?i?IS?lÃ.x=Lv i_}f tIle 111a4hl:?i.'. 4 St<3t[3:, Lat.'cr`.'.:35e dx:, ct7"4 of tlit: drive ~v: h an t.f."~: ^E.d`z.iE:.t#Ã?. .3 of thiÃ3 SystC.:F?-I and 1F31t32'i?ve#3iC:i3I w the t,.E,..is..+ ~" ACf?:F
pÃ:rtL?:`[3:1m:' C-`,.-1: "':)i3.is:, i;lf`;ctri+:.E;l power 'geTiercil:if)Fl e?6z1t#`>pleSa an AC ti C?l?_{igE. fi'E3I3.k X-1-phz3sà ..
`S :.C?%E3. set ~. . ~=~# .iÃi~ by i~ c i?F7S i~7i~~3Z~13 ti~ switch ~aFi3t`=.`i~., which may ~;C.~ for E.~.lv, <:ti? i~'i^
F c~a ~'C..: = ~~ ~ t?~?>1:+:' ;3~,5tii~'~:: `~raC~~,t tl::`#:'r or ,i., tit'.~:1~~0l~: controlled power 4ii.z~E.yii'.,,1c c+3.:.~i:.~t ari~ ..o c . -with i t:Ii`#i?i.i d s:wft; I:{t-q'Ã lC mianis. In a s?et3E ratlng mode of operation, Ehf. LLÃ:fiL'Ã E?t#:pzi ,:3r~;a.,ati fId?...a eit.,.f of tiw:tc,i .'õi311#t.i.'s may be iTSclzagGd 3 ap3T`r.Ellcl.:s5='iGs; iS a .3e3'i:?Ã3f;.
ft5x t:d?f3:f#t.E.t#o-n W, the v}.J1ag'c bus. In SC?IF?i~ eti?E?t?d'{F3wiiEsr i?u electrical 3_tlac.$.i3?...--.s"#<?.ti havc a A>L#'Ytl:s'E#`i .` :3:i3:,not ::oIm and ftle t?:I4`lt:ti7ne k3;ti:ty be Ce,`i:lz~'f~iEi'E.'~%~ as a EZ3~~F3 #EEi iS?~.i.hYi..Z'. or g~1 , w',~tõfas a I 3?we{3#. ..
Ct',}'a# ;,:2l33(id##I3.C_31`s may provide one C33" ini?de ad\'a1l awf:s. Ã
i?FI?:;?.s.., :tE;:#'#.1?.1 t.,ibESdFint.mu iwc.y:y.wFude pi'3~'usite rE:diffeI'`+: such as Ci#C?Ã3'Ã' wiEicl; may i:mi'C .
si3bSu3::?t#.dJ14' ?cd..oiA power .osi?S. Tho 3tert3gf current lIa3Ezlf:~=d by f;=i?i:h of E:ti_ s%, t,...F-;
matrices ailiZ. esfy>i w t3t ii1g 3.r.iy 13':: s?:1b`,''1la#iit,f<`-3.llL`
r~.dIICi.d, for C`.?:sf#f1hZli-; C'.jiLi'E E3:ii? .:1a'`~~-wx 25 {344f3' Ã e T:zC'.ic Sk.'Z dL::E;# #d3t3.?3;?S. SL'loitilr'L, sC331e e}1'i)<)d1T??E3iw Sitay provide E11?.;?ri?Yr=ei t{,,,'. i'$b3,ibtzn of po%Ã"C.z' If3wti across ?i3uid}7le (#ievl<'4s. StEi:h reduced ':a`: ng`
L3able, .C?s .;x3iiiA?at?. .i:;:= of lower E:C3s$., more lv#dGly c3ti+:iila#i?lE: 'iwtt.iaEFE~ t:.Ã.'v#C:f:.ti õo&:%id ,'#t,f1`1.:II , h:33. t"f?:+t5(e'g, s.:i I#4=4 :;('.+C#llilg; bt:w Slakw, or the l:ke). Such i?L'=,f.t,if4 3.".":`,.:}' Rxnhi,wa 5iefd F13:?4.23:>E3.E3 :.stvITtg."> in 13iNg'i, c3Sse#:I? ?iy, and s'::Ã?mp`?3'iiiI t.ost:::
.
FÃ?a 4i` i"nt. .:.2L'4t7?.c Pt.31SeF; gt?:oratl.i ~~ ~"Yslt'EY1S< *f.2?3ji'3E
p<>Sa4-~.'`e ( ~ i :4?w cost reCt.ifit: iny ?le used in ti#`,=3':c linjJie#:iF'.iat?t1<;3nS tc, obtain 3d3'aE3.tagt'... `. {%at s`..1cl:`a&
`E1b~l:333 ) ~~:4' rQE~ 3Cti? e~.f~ ~lSt. `:S?t :ry~~:,i and ~3[? lX T
reliability ii11L C=i~.L..t::aC:b'. F13:.~i7.?.'.', "Cda.ul :g x.c.'.n1sõ3;1#Q iiE3 Y may ..td2'z1nti fi?i?ti<i ;i mdL#t tpÃz.~-t4? loss i#t a t=iztt?3" of E2..w 'LZ
<l._t;tSi:~F. FncFcl1=I?E bC reducing haf-mE}i?3ti~ energy t,?zift'xE1ay C;E?t3plt', #`'.? Iffie rt)Ii`,a. :TFF 3'<ITit?11:5 36 G3 3wC?3i?.L.#t?, 'ic(' f31F3t :ix?f A ;i {i.lzi$x '>t4E`ii. :3ttd 4t.
iii.Iure #3] t s #ilp:#fZ h ~ ^ 3f L'f: a?i<f~3-=plowei=
AC d3'#ia.' i:lt;;si; i;. for t,#.#?`filai' or lower Li.3s#:, and mi34 -iC:''ti`z311$,?geÃ?li4i % provide l:pr{i`:i3d L5.F7aElplc b5' ?'<-&c)3?,:; 4o:i;. of #'edFi.FiC,4d3xi$
Fi3:ipleameiSis.EÃ.RC5i3y.
OÃhcr ff:tifFerC:;, and t3i,Si'133tag..~ kv:ill be Fip(?cim?lt e'f+:#i22 the Caicscr#,?FiofF mits dti??? i,l 3, i3:#1<i #E7.3:1 the i ~:i323.i . ,~`}iC; iiC;,2ii`s S?.{, ?'~7k?iES t .ii:.l+~'.3~~F~iTI3~ .i~x~:S 's.li'f;'.= ~+s=. i3F. :~~.i~, it(?~:i?f1Flkix v^.iLi{j~
s R~Tr3+.ai,:L; i# ;Ã`t S:1s;:4G#-1z?ÃlE?ii i'sCli?w.
I7ESCRIP TION OF ilR=~.i,N'INGS
i A-' B }i`.t? vS's ee5..hL`axic.ÃxS..i['=p3't.4erit:itit3ia;i of L':XC:Ii3;~
xr` :?t?St ei' -s:iF<?v','>.
FIC1 2 ..ht:s vvs a s2'hG i...cxi.3c representation of iin i xC`õ'+,1-1pkEi'?`
P<#+4Ci k;i#gL ir>C4~c E.i,g' -# : a 3-i?L?LC3:#:iTig 3i3i?de "'o ii3plS' torque G~lL?cii3.
^0 FaU 3 S.J(>r3:'S an exei7'aplci74' d#i#iTPii]'Yi of a# stator winding t`.C`.:fiEgil..:#ii.1n :x ~.ia i,.`fi:>S;iÃ:rw;
#.iaC;czbine.
I5G 4 shows p..t?IS :?f L'. xC?mpSi3tY *'l)Ct #gC', and <iEe'i-C',nt ?wavt'.fC7i'#3.o to , Ei.~..F3E{` csj?..#<:E3#d?::3 IAilitt?:E:E2i.2.~ ri:C3'Cdc.
FR r, . shows ,:d schematic >Lpm:?i;.';#lEd"'.1.t?:& of am me11pli33y. power itage t?p<'.;'s timg in a za gc-aei"t3:Ã# s,F :;:i+'.:sdL'., M. 6 shows plots C3f e'CyI23plmrt+ -vviFagi: SE1fi cia?"'#"~#]f ww"G;Ã63`3:i3S
[S? F.a:3uh`..~.~itc opkmiiit)n in a gmZ i < E3n. õ õQ`:W
FIi3S ' a's 13 .x;.iy.ti plots of t Yiimq3l#rc fli33C density in an e3i#' gat?
3-~'3 il fiõi'L% wi:i:-r;:'ilai~.
FRx~, 8 .bz?wu p_i44 t?i t;Ke[34si#i#-y 11:A? losses C??d:ffS:rii7:t winding configurations.
Ti? 1113.9 shows an a..?<4?#iphy s:ÃSi'C3t Li a 4i3.,p i;~~vAl"Ai3 yskti:;.
F`sf k 10 shows rAi;Ã5 Ci;, exemplary C}.l'iLiA diff:e;S;n;
lkctd''Iiyc a #1C:Zi'st k il?z?talo4.#.i;'.:ti;
I ...am. ~ ,y si si t a " #_Oa t,ie;fi2i _ a,.. faR : ~.i a C~ E -i :a~.3 ir ' .z.'ts ~ e~` ~,. v`=l ~a xr ~Ei3 t: a.tiiIB~3~:3 ~ i# ~%F#1 25 DETAILED RE:SCRWHON OF ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
FIGS. , rs-1-1.'~. show e;Ceilij?ac.r'~~ systei3:5 #.c^tpii-bl#. of converting iiwch.:inca, Gi3Li'iwt' eo cl:.dE'it:,A: c,SE?i'.. (t?.F: power DC ~,ft<.'nei'<3F1Q*) or i~I.,Z'Ãi"#.Eiiil i..:iØF'~~'y :'~# i:3et>.ai3-'c,3' i'<;I1<`..'g-y [?:#g ,,?L=ed Mi?toring app1.~:..ition,3. As shown i:.,FIG, lA a ,y:;ter.i?
Ã;:r>:;i zncii:#dGa a b:lilk .#., a f3g1#i?.?a (N) Z? ~I~fet'~ i3ii]d7#i=S i~{~titii 101i_ an dL'i:.tdi' F313ch;:i?i 110, :iit$'si '~vC?,l<iõC_ bus 30 It..h of the 4w, iÃcli ?;1i4;.i'lci.+ I 05'a 1i)511;i]'i<ly 3i3c3 i& cEi"t M-uh<lsF
aiFtd:`F?# id.. W,xWtii i# sd:, bridge for gC:Fii'..i'ii'ÃitFn. Ecta_, of :he switch ;..,{iiri;....S 105'a e05;3.
F.Clfide5 a 7i`,i. 20cx 12().`_ each 0 r ilia> pC?.,I::i 120ii - 320m l:i?ilfid.ti;a set of it=i-i.Flfim I5 (not "I3e?4:a:3) i'v?i' i;<?rl#?oifiT 'w to C?Ii<. of N
t.+s:ivsp439atliF1g sets of ;ata.43? ~n'Eniaing:i i?'i3, fl3e e #<'CE3'ii'- #?ftdL : .a. ~ i v, h: sorne i?Fl-.".' or more of ehC pt3#"#:S
1204 20n :.3aAy ixdudi.'.=
35 i?nw, or .ala.it.'. .t ; t??#:.>":.s .: f to a :3~Lti~3~ point a,a,S;tei~.Ã+.:d wlE;.. Ã.,ae w>z1drnws lt1 :hL~
wF#iL<'#2g Sd in ....s': #'?1<3ch.;Fe (C'..g., fbk :Fi:Y :ipt'.F3. di?lF.i3-cÃ?[3fig#iF'<;C.'t wFiEd#:F?g) :~.-.i?ch of +`.13L_ <iwF:`¾.t'?7.
.?..3tii:;S:: .~ii ~=i 3~i;?iI cF1.tit~? F3h;lLiU~:(-.`~~ Lt ~'.[31~: ~.2`sa ^ 2?.i3, F.''.5~?:i.~3+.'C:ly~': t...it i3 Z?i F P i?C?~. A,w 3rE-~~5n ii2L.iL.Ei.:ni `., 13.3;i3' !`.`r i..C?3:i::.eG'Ã#aL to the v^.3hi:g+:
bus 115.
ist; :[?2<3<.ea3xsi. ~ 10 #i3ea"xi3`..`, a SE<`.tS`sF' (not sh?w'F3) fl3ti1t 1?.ii5 N sets l?,. i4'iL1diA3gs. Fs:?I
Cl.xi]l::iiZ., ar:+3 e,e.:f.i'FC 3i3:is~.'h3i':G'= 1130 Q'<3$F include a lIF3ocF, i1?ac}.11-13t. Ia, ,.iFF.x`thC: cX~t7t;.;ie, tl:1c L.l6,:i`:i>S:: >F3tF4hF3zL .10 cii3:4 F1Cllide a F3iaE:e:iFk3e, a:F.
Sa'#d'zi.'+F.t s'nF;:;i4s#e"ii itNK?
FA,'t1y receive F,XeS.=h:3n,cc3: `+, ?`at r?v .l'rd oFii]3LEF L'ledaiLil:
iF7e'''F r' t5hi:.T: Optlaifl'14 as, a g+.:3C:3't3$.):', c?,.F(l:;~ ~x,e 'y; S:eF1i i.::i<y k:>C`vU"#.Cdl <`.1Z.3.3;;' i~.fiC:
~~13s_itEii FYPC:f;~"13I.i~,::_Fii +.F]C'a'~?,-Y ~~.a.r'< f`.j)Z.o-cat:.YFi;
as a 3":1010r.
IV v:3.:'3ous the N.. sets of W]Ild4.F3gS in the machine 11.0 are c:iii3 i?hl>s4:^
Sh#flE'.Ã' .i`<?m d:c2;.h offia..F' xilch tltczi nitai:iplt'. :`llawi' Lui'.Fe3":it 13ari3IL.Si#ir`s are d3:n: g l?;. s:i',i::i+ 3: of E3i. system I
00. The ?;i.IiT'.bery?f hF?FriroT?#Cs that wE'<'. \F3bszi3_[1f3FFll`o' reduced iS
a Onct5.)F3 of Nt the ::ut3ilwr tif y?}ici:aes, in each set c:ild `, tht?
F?F3#3.'b::#" p$ Rw~; of M'i.a diligt~, 16 In tis:3;t?L Lxalnplc.:; (L' M.< ~wA F.wL`t vv23idFng the ;FtFmbt,`F of T..F#ftiph<3si' i.ki') ~>, o i~ ~:[. ~.t~: r C=[';c2F3? ~aFy" e's1 :. ` s-': ~.tldeii~"i's 4 t.iii:3g a~'i:4 (N) ~?LZLsi~? ~. a sI`3 tfi. ~ri' GC 1, :a=~rF3t?.t?F:i Fi3.iy ~s~ b, N '4 tiÃa1c?y ti tt '( M , r; of pf?lf';F) VxE'fa:fute O.?:ibÃ;Z:i,:.k.i3.s F?I<i4' <ytFb,,4awhaliL` .i"e:f3.ft-c E1I' Ci3,#icel ~1cili ?Ca bit:ii`:d. C)i: Ct3t'3.txF).t::t!õr of ..t,..fS of vAF3&iTw {T',g.. the number of C.t?il:i fC:i' poW,. I[? DEIe t;1:3F,,.?d#_F]1wFT;., a48 1liit ti:<3..i.'ti' aF'#.tils ii e, by Weiy Ã?f s xetii3px <i'v,d I1C:?t aiI? . ::3i t. t ; < 2y t'?3 'N-L'i-. Various ex.i;1lpli:1 ;?,ak' htE:.'. Z'ili'im:s i3i.r.F:Am#s oi. >='.Os..S p( 3 pol4, w$i?ai#ig i eC?:"S~ ll.i3r7.bt_i Flf' p.t.3td:TG:s, stator slots, and dw i3ker =ri336.'.
'ia1'L Ã3t1 .~,?~~Yi~~L ~'..`scFl..iF`t;; 1lf}~ 4~i~3Ti:i:7lii~il~.:a f' ..d.IL:~[.E~- or Le..~:i;i~~~.i, as a .,F#1t~`.ti3Q`r'i3 of e.~"t.n ~ ~ ` ~: ~ ~: r3 ~) osc\Eo?:i. The phase number of . st:?.s a~f wx:' ` ldF?.i:~;+ (V}~. may be tt ) ~~.+t z: s. ~~ \
;i..tU-7i ?~ct~(_ ah3ft, as a f;3:[?ci.as:ti, of tlz;`, 1111mbu.F' of phakw,S (M) and the I1LF#'E?b4i of wts a?f rTi 3:?t:F1:F3rt'+ (N), lpi,=(.N,,l *N).
Em,-i of hL it 4ds of t4 iut .;s is t.i?FlneLaitsd to a cor.r3sz +3ndF3:1g-i?Fic o; th. })k?f t. . 20i3 ---. 20m SW#tYi"i .:i:; .Ã?:4aGc.~s,e ? 10, C'i3.' r: of L.7.6. W:S of +
"I:I1.CIt ,5 is elVCtT'a4 tly M.yf: .3E3FT:i Wo other b#3 d{iii:<. w13e3: i3:af~'::tlffi g, etiCi=4;1`'4s separately dGlive;'f:tl i:Y?in :i?<'. Z'ol; Fgi: bus 115 ;o .,i i.;: `eu of w :oli9-i3:;5 th'it?::?rl3 tl1~~ cG:id`c':PC#31diii~ ~lw3Et:
f3 t.`s~aF z"'ix I 05ti I OZ:i, kZr fic.;3 t.:54F:t.c@fi:31s;, zFs F', y is si p:"i tFtei?r SEFpplicti `-.i=t~F.i> c:zi.C:h 4c.: of windings through the .'o3`i'~spt3:.s::;;:Si& switch Fnati`i.?i zÃ5,; - ; 05r: to t#ilL :`+3lt,.t~i iv s~ a' a voltage i3}'i thZ% bF.?5 : 15 may be sEi[?swt:ii <,ii:y ti3i3pfsl.'r'.F', C:i7 . e#i` :: ` ;~ i" ~ ..fiU., t..a lte i?t3lW4i: bus 1, . ~ ~ #tyL.t~uClt.:o a a?i?&.14 rail S,~i.'. fi,ti., i3L?t~~>! r ~ thci~. t . i r. , t ;~. ..3 ¾2 of et<s_:r.: of the pt is 125u 125i3, ai7.f~ a .T,2igzi$bt'f: ]Fasu (i:=, ?L(?k) o3,i?` c?FF,#ec?4 .o a i3c?{3a-Ei'T~
3'-5 tLrS.tiini3i o f each of tht~`. priF'1:s 25e3 "2 5f.i, The voltage b':11 1 e:> FLi;':;',#.vC.=i a DC vol i #ge ri't?#.3F
E:3io swk..i3 :`i3aii.s.:..s 105.1 Os::t. 7:i3 some i3'.Y?p! .^F:E3em.it:Fons, hw awiEw=li Iliaa:r#oc:4 ., 05.?-1 .~3::F2<iy mv,ea-: :he u: -,1:pt?:ar vo.~ige o1i the ~,olÃ;~~~ bF3.~,q 11 5. For example, 4 acki switch m<3t3-:cc, f35#1 can invi;rt. tE2F`= L<?a` <?.: altiF#1" an M-pha5s: #:tn"O:ti+;:i'.
xi-s In ce;'Ã.,.f i}lt-~. switch s'#"Fc3Ãii:4`S 105eF-105x. Fik ti..e'= x:lwF'let;
voltage i) supply aI} M:z <, y1vQfoi,,.`: :i3 dIiL e c's,Ec-b of the corresponding M-i,3zFi?s,S'o windings }.F` the .7..iaZ:a[3flt:
Fi3:ipleameiSis.EÃ.RC5i3y.
OÃhcr ff:tifFerC:;, and t3i,Si'133tag..~ kv:ill be Fip(?cim?lt e'f+:#i22 the Caicscr#,?FiofF mits dti??? i,l 3, i3:#1<i #E7.3:1 the i ~:i323.i . ,~`}iC; iiC;,2ii`s S?.{, ?'~7k?iES t .ii:.l+~'.3~~F~iTI3~ .i~x~:S 's.li'f;'.= ~+s=. i3F. :~~.i~, it(?~:i?f1Flkix v^.iLi{j~
s R~Tr3+.ai,:L; i# ;Ã`t S:1s;:4G#-1z?ÃlE?ii i'sCli?w.
I7ESCRIP TION OF ilR=~.i,N'INGS
i A-' B }i`.t? vS's ee5..hL`axic.ÃxS..i['=p3't.4erit:itit3ia;i of L':XC:Ii3;~
xr` :?t?St ei' -s:iF<?v','>.
FIC1 2 ..ht:s vvs a s2'hG i...cxi.3c representation of iin i xC`õ'+,1-1pkEi'?`
P<#+4Ci k;i#gL ir>C4~c E.i,g' -# : a 3-i?L?LC3:#:iTig 3i3i?de "'o ii3plS' torque G~lL?cii3.
^0 FaU 3 S.J(>r3:'S an exei7'aplci74' d#i#iTPii]'Yi of a# stator winding t`.C`.:fiEgil..:#ii.1n :x ~.ia i,.`fi:>S;iÃ:rw;
#.iaC;czbine.
I5G 4 shows p..t?IS :?f L'. xC?mpSi3tY *'l)Ct #gC', and <iEe'i-C',nt ?wavt'.fC7i'#3.o to , Ei.~..F3E{` csj?..#<:E3#d?::3 IAilitt?:E:E2i.2.~ ri:C3'Cdc.
FR r, . shows ,:d schematic >Lpm:?i;.';#lEd"'.1.t?:& of am me11pli33y. power itage t?p<'.;'s timg in a za gc-aei"t3:Ã# s,F :;:i+'.:sdL'., M. 6 shows plots C3f e'CyI23plmrt+ -vviFagi: SE1fi cia?"'#"~#]f ww"G;Ã63`3:i3S
[S? F.a:3uh`..~.~itc opkmiiit)n in a gmZ i < E3n. õ õQ`:W
FIi3S ' a's 13 .x;.iy.ti plots of t Yiimq3l#rc fli33C density in an e3i#' gat?
3-~'3 il fiõi'L% wi:i:-r;:'ilai~.
FRx~, 8 .bz?wu p_i44 t?i t;Ke[34si#i#-y 11:A? losses C??d:ffS:rii7:t winding configurations.
Ti? 1113.9 shows an a..?<4?#iphy s:ÃSi'C3t Li a 4i3.,p i;~~vAl"Ai3 yskti:;.
F`sf k 10 shows rAi;Ã5 Ci;, exemplary C}.l'iLiA diff:e;S;n;
lkctd''Iiyc a #1C:Zi'st k il?z?talo4.#.i;'.:ti;
I ...am. ~ ,y si si t a " #_Oa t,ie;fi2i _ a,.. faR : ~.i a C~ E -i :a~.3 ir ' .z.'ts ~ e~` ~,. v`=l ~a xr ~Ei3 t: a.tiiIB~3~:3 ~ i# ~%F#1 25 DETAILED RE:SCRWHON OF ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
FIGS. , rs-1-1.'~. show e;Ceilij?ac.r'~~ systei3:5 #.c^tpii-bl#. of converting iiwch.:inca, Gi3Li'iwt' eo cl:.dE'it:,A: c,SE?i'.. (t?.F: power DC ~,ft<.'nei'<3F1Q*) or i~I.,Z'Ãi"#.Eiiil i..:iØF'~~'y :'~# i:3et>.ai3-'c,3' i'<;I1<`..'g-y [?:#g ,,?L=ed Mi?toring app1.~:..ition,3. As shown i:.,FIG, lA a ,y:;ter.i?
Ã;:r>:;i zncii:#dGa a b:lilk .#., a f3g1#i?.?a (N) Z? ~I~fet'~ i3ii]d7#i=S i~{~titii 101i_ an dL'i:.tdi' F313ch;:i?i 110, :iit$'si '~vC?,l<iõC_ bus 30 It..h of the 4w, iÃcli ?;1i4;.i'lci.+ I 05'a 1i)511;i]'i<ly 3i3c3 i& cEi"t M-uh<lsF
aiFtd:`F?# id.. W,xWtii i# sd:, bridge for gC:Fii'..i'ii'ÃitFn. Ecta_, of :he switch ;..,{iiri;....S 105'a e05;3.
F.Clfide5 a 7i`,i. 20cx 12().`_ each 0 r ilia> pC?.,I::i 120ii - 320m l:i?ilfid.ti;a set of it=i-i.Flfim I5 (not "I3e?4:a:3) i'v?i' i;<?rl#?oifiT 'w to C?Ii<. of N
t.+s:ivsp439atliF1g sets of ;ata.43? ~n'Eniaing:i i?'i3, fl3e e #<'CE3'ii'- #?ftdL : .a. ~ i v, h: sorne i?Fl-.".' or more of ehC pt3#"#:S
1204 20n :.3aAy ixdudi.'.=
35 i?nw, or .ala.it.'. .t ; t??#:.>":.s .: f to a :3~Lti~3~ point a,a,S;tei~.Ã+.:d wlE;.. Ã.,ae w>z1drnws lt1 :hL~
wF#iL<'#2g Sd in ....s': #'?1<3ch.;Fe (C'..g., fbk :Fi:Y :ipt'.F3. di?lF.i3-cÃ?[3fig#iF'<;C.'t wFiEd#:F?g) :~.-.i?ch of +`.13L_ <iwF:`¾.t'?7.
.?..3tii:;S:: .~ii ~=i 3~i;?iI cF1.tit~? F3h;lLiU~:(-.`~~ Lt ~'.[31~: ~.2`sa ^ 2?.i3, F.''.5~?:i.~3+.'C:ly~': t...it i3 Z?i F P i?C?~. A,w 3rE-~~5n ii2L.iL.Ei.:ni `., 13.3;i3' !`.`r i..C?3:i::.eG'Ã#aL to the v^.3hi:g+:
bus 115.
ist; :[?2<3<.ea3xsi. ~ 10 #i3ea"xi3`..`, a SE<`.tS`sF' (not sh?w'F3) fl3ti1t 1?.ii5 N sets l?,. i4'iL1diA3gs. Fs:?I
Cl.xi]l::iiZ., ar:+3 e,e.:f.i'FC 3i3:is~.'h3i':G'= 1130 Q'<3$F include a lIF3ocF, i1?ac}.11-13t. Ia, ,.iFF.x`thC: cX~t7t;.;ie, tl:1c L.l6,:i`:i>S:: >F3tF4hF3zL .10 cii3:4 F1Cllide a F3iaE:e:iFk3e, a:F.
Sa'#d'zi.'+F.t s'nF;:;i4s#e"ii itNK?
FA,'t1y receive F,XeS.=h:3n,cc3: `+, ?`at r?v .l'rd oFii]3LEF L'ledaiLil:
iF7e'''F r' t5hi:.T: Optlaifl'14 as, a g+.:3C:3't3$.):', c?,.F(l:;~ ~x,e 'y; S:eF1i i.::i<y k:>C`vU"#.Cdl <`.1Z.3.3;;' i~.fiC:
~~13s_itEii FYPC:f;~"13I.i~,::_Fii +.F]C'a'~?,-Y ~~.a.r'< f`.j)Z.o-cat:.YFi;
as a 3":1010r.
IV v:3.:'3ous the N.. sets of W]Ild4.F3gS in the machine 11.0 are c:iii3 i?hl>s4:^
Sh#flE'.Ã' .i`<?m d:c2;.h offia..F' xilch tltczi nitai:iplt'. :`llawi' Lui'.Fe3":it 13ari3IL.Si#ir`s are d3:n: g l?;. s:i',i::i+ 3: of E3i. system I
00. The ?;i.IiT'.bery?f hF?FriroT?#Cs that wE'<'. \F3bszi3_[1f3FFll`o' reduced iS
a Onct5.)F3 of Nt the ::ut3ilwr tif y?}ici:aes, in each set c:ild `, tht?
F?F3#3.'b::#" p$ Rw~; of M'i.a diligt~, 16 In tis:3;t?L Lxalnplc.:; (L' M.< ~wA F.wL`t vv23idFng the ;FtFmbt,`F of T..F#ftiph<3si' i.ki') ~>, o i~ ~:[. ~.t~: r C=[';c2F3? ~aFy" e's1 :. ` s-': ~.tldeii~"i's 4 t.iii:3g a~'i:4 (N) ~?LZLsi~? ~. a sI`3 tfi. ~ri' GC 1, :a=~rF3t?.t?F:i Fi3.iy ~s~ b, N '4 tiÃa1c?y ti tt '( M , r; of pf?lf';F) VxE'fa:fute O.?:ibÃ;Z:i,:.k.i3.s F?I<i4' <ytFb,,4awhaliL` .i"e:f3.ft-c E1I' Ci3,#icel ~1cili ?Ca bit:ii`:d. C)i: Ct3t'3.txF).t::t!õr of ..t,..fS of vAF3&iTw {T',g.. the number of C.t?il:i fC:i' poW,. I[? DEIe t;1:3F,,.?d#_F]1wFT;., a48 1liit ti:<3..i.'ti' aF'#.tils ii e, by Weiy Ã?f s xetii3px <i'v,d I1C:?t aiI? . ::3i t. t ; < 2y t'?3 'N-L'i-. Various ex.i;1lpli:1 ;?,ak' htE:.'. Z'ili'im:s i3i.r.F:Am#s oi. >='.Os..S p( 3 pol4, w$i?ai#ig i eC?:"S~ ll.i3r7.bt_i Flf' p.t.3td:TG:s, stator slots, and dw i3ker =ri336.'.
'ia1'L Ã3t1 .~,?~~Yi~~L ~'..`scFl..iF`t;; 1lf}~ 4~i~3Ti:i:7lii~il~.:a f' ..d.IL:~[.E~- or Le..~:i;i~~~.i, as a .,F#1t~`.ti3Q`r'i3 of e.~"t.n ~ ~ ` ~: ~ ~: r3 ~) osc\Eo?:i. The phase number of . st:?.s a~f wx:' ` ldF?.i:~;+ (V}~. may be tt ) ~~.+t z: s. ~~ \
;i..tU-7i ?~ct~(_ ah3ft, as a f;3:[?ci.as:ti, of tlz;`, 1111mbu.F' of phakw,S (M) and the I1LF#'E?b4i of wts a?f rTi 3:?t:F1:F3rt'+ (N), lpi,=(.N,,l *N).
Em,-i of hL it 4ds of t4 iut .;s is t.i?FlneLaitsd to a cor.r3sz +3ndF3:1g-i?Fic o; th. })k?f t. . 20i3 ---. 20m SW#tYi"i .:i:; .Ã?:4aGc.~s,e ? 10, C'i3.' r: of L.7.6. W:S of +
"I:I1.CIt ,5 is elVCtT'a4 tly M.yf: .3E3FT:i Wo other b#3 d{iii:<. w13e3: i3:af~'::tlffi g, etiCi=4;1`'4s separately dGlive;'f:tl i:Y?in :i?<'. Z'ol; Fgi: bus 115 ;o .,i i.;: `eu of w :oli9-i3:;5 th'it?::?rl3 tl1~~ cG:id`c':PC#31diii~ ~lw3Et:
f3 t.`s~aF z"'ix I 05ti I OZ:i, kZr fic.;3 t.:54F:t.c@fi:31s;, zFs F', y is si p:"i tFtei?r SEFpplicti `-.i=t~F.i> c:zi.C:h 4c.: of windings through the .'o3`i'~spt3:.s::;;:Si& switch Fnati`i.?i zÃ5,; - ; 05r: to t#ilL :`+3lt,.t~i iv s~ a' a voltage i3}'i thZ% bF.?5 : 15 may be sEi[?swt:ii <,ii:y ti3i3pfsl.'r'.F', C:i7 . e#i` :: ` ;~ i" ~ ..fiU., t..a lte i?t3lW4i: bus 1, . ~ ~ #tyL.t~uClt.:o a a?i?&.14 rail S,~i.'. fi,ti., i3L?t~~>! r ~ thci~. t . i r. , t ;~. ..3 ¾2 of et<s_:r.: of the pt is 125u 125i3, ai7.f~ a .T,2igzi$bt'f: ]Fasu (i:=, ?L(?k) o3,i?` c?FF,#ec?4 .o a i3c?{3a-Ei'T~
3'-5 tLrS.tiini3i o f each of tht~`. priF'1:s 25e3 "2 5f.i, The voltage b':11 1 e:> FLi;':;',#.vC.=i a DC vol i #ge ri't?#.3F
E:3io swk..i3 :`i3aii.s.:..s 105.1 Os::t. 7:i3 some i3'.Y?p! .^F:E3em.it:Fons, hw awiEw=li Iliaa:r#oc:4 ., 05.?-1 .~3::F2<iy mv,ea-: :he u: -,1:pt?:ar vo.~ige o1i the ~,olÃ;~~~ bF3.~,q 11 5. For example, 4 acki switch m<3t3-:cc, f35#1 can invi;rt. tE2F`= L<?a` <?.: altiF#1" an M-pha5s: #:tn"O:ti+;:i'.
xi-s In ce;'Ã.,.f i}lt-~. switch s'#"Fc3Ãii:4`S 105eF-105x. Fik ti..e'= x:lwF'let;
voltage i) supply aI} M:z <, y1vQfoi,,.`: :i3 dIiL e c's,Ec-b of the corresponding M-i,3zFi?s,S'o windings }.F` the .7..iaZ:a[3flt:
5 110. ie sMÃL. il:,<:,tnie:~ 105a-1~.~?n nuy be coc?t'dillatid, for..~
cxample. o p.ozAdc k"'Yntrolie;:i 3_.F#fi;:;}à >3Fft:::.C i.f`Si w, -s.?('`,Ld, c?ild or 3?o"S.tion, fisa example. Sw.;.Uhi', in Ihe siL'Ef[;i, .IFa à 3Ã:i3y i:is#v be oT}.;mÃa=dy in tsi}:'?i" exaS17F;1i e, ¾:l or [3L:i:.?" the fu[3i.,.E7"is'.E3:~"31 ?;'Lqi3<i:::qy . s3..pHC'd #.(? .i30 3I1110:#:E3:C., 'i' sit a ;r('.qut:7L.-y .<a.ibSt,.F3At1a11V above the fuYi'~daF?:iE:,Ft<3l firC:tiF]:G."ti:y, fi.F: ci?E3 35'ilis g `wE#:0}.L'~ x-in the tiw,tc"'., matrices may #::?c.41<Ic. I:w'Z are i3.E?t z,.~,...ci: tt `<%k~ctF:3#' 'Ão +.,~l':1'tti., fMd~-,..7e#:acd a,i`.?E?'ol, phi54 control, peak Cia m3F
i'F)niro3, L''FGna;;-t cFI;`a~n: LC? it:~~3a.
"A"iat`pu.ki :B3'_i4Jdldl:ld:#: 5,3. or C.4?iT.Fblfl#!Ãid'i}s of th~se or C3d'bÃ;F` Y~.chi3.sqLFe\:
I,.3 :iC;i3Yi~ switching f.eci31C}IE".y may be based oS1 2'act:?iti, SueE3 as F.:e c){FÃ}~"c.$i .~...:#.~ a3?}bx;tcF t}L`fiL:3}~ 4 the ~lxEl'?Y;f~it.C. ~C: %< ~
~4t~~3.11',`.l'~ 34 ? the lEE3i. 4LFs?~GFF~i, iC?a'2d #~F)1z3s~ti-I?C'+~."~., Ã~'3'.}~
of s%.i}Itti.t?I,d,A(,Ãt>r fi<?0 Es,:i; and drive topology 11RL=d, for s;X.F8a1ple, IF.1 ge m-F?3., 4wAcfi .'..
I1'Ic3v. be for <:xiimpE i3re3:'.tl?ti iiA.',.tC'<d to SwF 4ll't.F?g frt.'qF1C'.I1Cv. A .ti?A1F2i#..::#
Ãfi'E`t-lperei;t.#"cti Q#' sale l?p.-",:nalFTYus area 513:3'4' Ãyp3Ci3.ll1 bc spe0-1f:i6:d M :hQ #1#zF}2~.~.F~Ã:F>t.. 4 Ci:l~
.;2ck..f:s.
SEIpÃ7S}'#?3.r b.Ygh pCSw::,#' i Megawatt m- #2F oEi%}' !#E h3g:.? :.p.'.ed i3ppfii:#:tEC?#1:~ ~L. '=i S:~~ K') tpu} )ic.3,. ika Fi31i pi 4C iC:al challenges Ãf? the dei<!FT#i of A'C una<.,h#.i}4<i ~:IFd ` , :r;5o az', c v c~ :-i#.F -y..~. L~#l~, C.,~ lti4'~3<. .:? s;i..`.
C~C:S1*'-Fi`.,~,3 ;=~ti~C:3A Fr.E:x.t ryr,i,.,i. }i..~:;
~ ~ Ã}lt: <'.24Fitiii<~aÃ::ii {\
3ssr7E s:3iL., with stator ~? F. ::i?t .t i'; Fi~c_#i`i.r, For ~:.C~'zplw, Ãl1C sE}: 3F' FiEF'iT~>}iFFC 4c 1. C r=Ft3.~i extra copper ai3is l:['oTI fosac:? ~.Fi eFe u?siÃ(3; core. hE tiot3:fE:
L<<i#T3~3 05. Ãi1r': ti.a.s'_"s3` A H,'F3loi].Fu current may also ai.?jeLF 11.:?11:0..lE 4~ si~?f}i3L#'F} into 'ESI:e; air t?'Fir. ZEY-i-~,?nCE3c fS:Lid Iffi:Ft couples i::[(3 :}w rotor, #t? L:i:j#= ; l:?sw,,, l3} u}i i'L?Ãt:F'. "n4C :iL';,t.5:#t]. 100 #t) ?:t'. SÃL : :1E ~;i3"~i;t?aZ:~= ~ Eifl<:F3Ãti by wHFJ:Fng, a phase tih1ft te:i3ted tt) EhY`.:[nfII?bi:E' of S41s. of ?4#t3Ci1T1g (i.:) and {.:;.z . I1.ambe:.i >'{ phii4e.s ~{z3; i::i o~ic,l scl o, wiFIC iiig" 111 [:>ne exi?[r:tpit', Ãi1#;
',,4rsE.eFl. 100 reduces ÃbL ;.rcfF:mts_,t?.K:
xil the haa,'s3oY?Xe. C.1xuen4s up to thÃ'. (.6I7 1) C:C?rnpi?ncF}F (E.g,, for 13 4; sz.i. i?clF'F]rtisr;.-i:' cc,}mu.,:t:nt :## .i.i:' 1Iinn}i?21ifiM t,tF#"3"e:)E a would be the 213I<}
i32Yd d-w ...v tzE
At . ,:f3'd ngly, ÃiI4: b'Csi c}.;L inplf' tmpt'F}4.y, oI: IhE: voltage bus 115 h ;ii4 be at -19 M?l'.#'- ..1.. 34 ":ht.. 3EuiY.:fni3[3:S ~`ti.fpl.l"<
fdeq:Ã'G:F#~ v of Ãht. ~I(.d;td3c Ex:a ch#.t34': T5 3,;3fl0 f.,y., is ~:'s ?wBjC?h;~.'P'Ã/ i';T.Sp,. ,io3i'e i ggs 'q'LC:fa ElYi3t.31319i". I8t.. -',OI3"{t:`. C'S.<I ?ipFie;,, ti.~~ {J :hC: t'oi}.agi: bus ~? sk fFSl;+a s~t L~~ "~'i~3bS;i3i iF51#1g ~`F#z3.a f,ciL#,=~: t' s,.I#=::~'FiI?s, i2:FStFE~3Ci^ii t?:~F#:~. I.1F3s'~~.E?' i.F.m#i1:i?ra or w3 `: s.abStar t:A:ialy reduced filFS. .i'IF'4g.
: S:ii C and t? aL ? ea:f may be Io-aS$dL a:cd cF i'r' s ' ,tL #t3, ;#-F
s:1tea 3a i.iFy f 4piE~~E:#ll`d #..>t:iF3Cie matching f..::i. 113:3LIli..K 4ss1d tiFc'. t11'lve ft74õTL:thG'i.
It:t tit;:;.C ci4: L;,, the drive 4,3:4 i#3sa`y' t.ltceei3` 1.4.a:?:#t,li#..Ai', z3rtil a3e?`tC4' .^,pt3I31 r'.ing,7 tt3R'.
overall 4y$te#'t3 baEeil ?i3 #:7i3 AC Cin?r'G' or pm,vt'3' . lt c"t;:i3~Oti ?:t?:iv be the #'I3<?st cost effective ap~? f3<4C
.
1?t Si?#t34 i?jii13+3d1IF3eT1`i.s, d : .t FEC~i matrices 105:iW-Sli C:Fi :?e ci?#iFt<.ei:ti #i ,,iF3T?ti:LF3c:i.PlsT::1 .>> .NC:#i..S =:.i2d 'si' zI?:ti'i3..lt'.3 w lllti'?'lzi+,:L ii3 the voltage bus I IS. As shs}w.n., i#F 1'1G:
..., >R F-'t. system ISO 11"Lilidi`y the Sw#td IT?i3ti3E:C.`~ 105`s#"1053'i t<? be S.:a?mF*;`.L.tLd i#ha ;iZ;f"#~os, iD :i:i#?3.3aFv~: i#3 i~:3.1i': t ~?c3 e1;iE lf =ti ?S~ #:ti ~'#
?TI21P7icC;'s: For v > 3I1 ~?>[.: the '~`i~;Ll"f iiti(iF ? 1 ~~_.~w, =.~
a.oY.F.<xtÃ.d in s"#`bõs tS.tj"E ffie s-witc"h rnat:'R<{ 105Ãi, a.#3c. !hi:
`1vEt.:h il'iai#`1.x 10152i l is :C?n?Fe<'`ct'd in s4F'EL.:: W#Ãh tP;.w Swttci:¾ i3:iti'i:S. 10533. In flh1;, e:?:.i mpli`=s groups of the 5..? le:z cE?z:3'?{;`i'tGd mt`:ti , 115.
FX1 2 a scki21G#EI= Z a3F'L=SLFitat.io?J of an txt::2'#pl#S.i'y power sE.#g0 200 !5pe; 3 3iTR,'. i,? i nai?Ei;rilFE; iniode ,.v Ssipp.y '.t3stp(: to ~u' li.i;;h , 3pwei:~ load 20-5. For t'Cc~i.FLlplc;, tliC pC1l"i%i=.z" tii af,',t-21"~.~0 can be l?\e3"> to ,.oZ3~i'.3" i`i'nFti: ffig's:l 4i;,;?"#$pri:.\4i?1 dl;1ti.s, i?::tt.cfYi'i3jhl.aYF3C.fid.al;y ;icaledcv'I31p#'<;:iSt)r +~,F:C::i, 11i ; 4i7e3~'.(i.~~lcn`'UF::i. cFn3i%i'.S w;it beds fi}i' uwbt3 S~P.flj?if?7ilFfu. In JI1G exw.;.plfi:', 'd'm power smg<; 4100 may i?"to:utie a sp1 it-phu u ?i3ofo#= and drive ,y,rt..n :vxFh N-== 4. I_i3 th;~, ` i.ele;f`+."i` 4.-,m?i,)tu, flx4, pt?`<v+." 8thfiL; 200 includes .fi}LF' w]Y3dF.iIt, ;.Ct;i 2 1 5<;;. 2 5.?; 215c> A 1 S'#:
E<`::i:iY o.. dFS: "'ind:3'.z,:.'~y 2115i'a-d ?s, C.i>FFfi+}Eli'Gd to tii$`s`(:' 'st 15' phase #'i?:F, #Ft!J'sice?"Et I:4_F Soa'>a~t t1hC' power stage 200 i~`m7 .,.i.'i1:tdG
fF'C3oiF:F 93 e:F`.s.S DC tfu~~ IDO.
In d3,i depicted i'xiti3sj.,?v, the Ã:"li:+..:.#-#~w~ FIl%#ohXiao 110 ?[?KEv b< <.?t t?i F3 \dFFchri?T2G3F.#:; #F>tFtb:s;;' ( ,t', a pe?.`?"#Ii#?I4mt ?nifgEid SS'rWhiF"(??3O[?S' ?#3i:i#:W:EMEIC:). T1110 \U'.;t?)t?f Ei:e #1iaCilit:t, +..ai, .i'. i.-I1:idi; sf7at:L-s}rt}`i'i:'d; aq7I1i-phKF5t' i.~=`:iFadiiF#_',:F, ,~N'#1h a wi':Fl Ftu?iFi3er ts{ p.i'.tiFsc.? = ..~"N, whi'3~h=. N .h the ni3,..-#t`..? fs :[?iC~~~3~?FiCi3x, ;::*C3a..itc`:=O
F3<a?tratll, f,l13t:ephase wF1.FCy.e.Fag sc;.5. In, t;e:~it:31ii N may i)i:: selt~.i;:Ã:t:d.; ,},?aSi<Cl on EJ ti = i132.t3:#btr of slots in :ht, : WC,:t', ?1?aPL1bt,., i?fzt;tLFi' pi?xw'k, el.i3<; ~.ti~xC'= ..yr.,Z3L;Ii.i oz hal:Y'i.31! t3itiw 4:i#i3i:elli2i?`l3E'# ?'t"..iIl8TÃ'i'.d. ThG?'~: t;ikii be a Or .>N,E
i.kvv#ci`~.l ci?:tx E?1t:i#:i~
phasc dl{lL..em4 bi: w~~C'.!i a4 J .t _,C i7ii,ci:ii' ..'~?3df?1~.ti.
~9.a"il#lc?T st iBfE?i S;17:E:t1m ~~~
3aFs"
kav'f.~:i:l .,?f>4FC+:;.i.Ã..Z?ns t?;7Z' b~. iAst~;i~~:d 1~i?~'.:., <_,.. :id `,3.ta#_Fc..i"F e.i~3:Sl~:c3i7i?
.#"F #:;3t: C`.hi:l*e, thE?~ :hi'G'c Phat;aFw Wn.-(i.:im: sets 21 5a-d 3'IEt:yf be fS:.d by ffiaeZ..
~shc.s<'. :i3..ve?,i'.a 5wit":.h '.?2<$E..ct.`1 : 21 ii, 225b, 225c. 225d, i"t:SpC:i:s.i4'dy fia a e.xC,.F:FiiiFT3 3ppiIi'.t3i:t?2:x :hi. .l3.?.'~:.'~t'` phase wFa'id#:iF T ..C:.S x 1 5:~-d may fiz(:cl AC-DC cE12?4cÃ:tc.:' tiwEt.,:C3 .A.; ~. :.i:
'5,3 125.i-iSFea.;e;..1'4G .'c" in stteAFc #:xG#i3iplCs.. Gate,r.i of the AC-DC converters ;:,:#ib No s>.?tu~s,,c clif?ii:e b t.E+ e. N ;i}'wt,rl:L" cells i:an. be i'.[7anct`.tL'={_I in pciF:.ill+.., ,AÃ the 1:i3?.~.#.F`.` bint; :`6d `_i'i?ma F":maull,yF
Dc link. fi: t3 .ii?.hi.:' e.Y besi.$:: z3...?1;.. each iFivxte#' cell ?.F2i3;}r lk:3ve aii 123d7vFdLii3z DC link, `r:E'.:idEd3,g N ie-pa?wi: aiC i.i3 t`ui',h :is veTi;e#' cc;iz. C-aLt ?tFci`,<edG :3S? Di:
;!C C3"SS i c? 11.i3cii ze#C) vE?lt#ms :wai1T ?tiit <.i:istF3. fed fF'3i33 an #:ndKCtOd I',h#t i'. phast:.
33 `+1.#p``.1ly th?'t?'.F?:, a .hzsrGe x?h-s:#<ii;. pa4:33'v<: or i?i.?,#vi`, :Y':=41;ifi<:i'. The :-kiFfiC.d'. DC 1,~e33.~ ,...ct;f>F3 E:?3dthi:.
11 13,vi:! .?,",`.e[ x.; ::Fe3t Fi.pi'est`'#tt:3;F2':~`. of thfi:s;d.'". N
1:F3\"i:-I'tei'4":4lla.
cxample. o p.ozAdc k"'Yntrolie;:i 3_.F#fi;:;}à >3Fft:::.C i.f`Si w, -s.?('`,Ld, c?ild or 3?o"S.tion, fisa example. Sw.;.Uhi', in Ihe siL'Ef[;i, .IFa à 3Ã:i3y i:is#v be oT}.;mÃa=dy in tsi}:'?i" exaS17F;1i e, ¾:l or [3L:i:.?" the fu[3i.,.E7"is'.E3:~"31 ?;'Lqi3<i:::qy . s3..pHC'd #.(? .i30 3I1110:#:E3:C., 'i' sit a ;r('.qut:7L.-y .<a.ibSt,.F3At1a11V above the fuYi'~daF?:iE:,Ft<3l firC:tiF]:G."ti:y, fi.F: ci?E3 35'ilis g `wE#:0}.L'~ x-in the tiw,tc"'., matrices may #::?c.41<Ic. I:w'Z are i3.E?t z,.~,...ci: tt `<%k~ctF:3#' 'Ão +.,~l':1'tti., fMd~-,..7e#:acd a,i`.?E?'ol, phi54 control, peak Cia m3F
i'F)niro3, L''FGna;;-t cFI;`a~n: LC? it:~~3a.
"A"iat`pu.ki :B3'_i4Jdldl:ld:#: 5,3. or C.4?iT.Fblfl#!Ãid'i}s of th~se or C3d'bÃ;F` Y~.chi3.sqLFe\:
I,.3 :iC;i3Yi~ switching f.eci31C}IE".y may be based oS1 2'act:?iti, SueE3 as F.:e c){FÃ}~"c.$i .~...:#.~ a3?}bx;tcF t}L`fiL:3}~ 4 the ~lxEl'?Y;f~it.C. ~C: %< ~
~4t~~3.11',`.l'~ 34 ? the lEE3i. 4LFs?~GFF~i, iC?a'2d #~F)1z3s~ti-I?C'+~."~., Ã~'3'.}~
of s%.i}Itti.t?I,d,A(,Ãt>r fi<?0 Es,:i; and drive topology 11RL=d, for s;X.F8a1ple, IF.1 ge m-F?3., 4wAcfi .'..
I1'Ic3v. be for <:xiimpE i3re3:'.tl?ti iiA.',.tC'<d to SwF 4ll't.F?g frt.'qF1C'.I1Cv. A .ti?A1F2i#..::#
Ãfi'E`t-lperei;t.#"cti Q#' sale l?p.-",:nalFTYus area 513:3'4' Ãyp3Ci3.ll1 bc spe0-1f:i6:d M :hQ #1#zF}2~.~.F~Ã:F>t.. 4 Ci:l~
.;2ck..f:s.
SEIpÃ7S}'#?3.r b.Ygh pCSw::,#' i Megawatt m- #2F oEi%}' !#E h3g:.? :.p.'.ed i3ppfii:#:tEC?#1:~ ~L. '=i S:~~ K') tpu} )ic.3,. ika Fi31i pi 4C iC:al challenges Ãf? the dei<!FT#i of A'C una<.,h#.i}4<i ~:IFd ` , :r;5o az', c v c~ :-i#.F -y..~. L~#l~, C.,~ lti4'~3<. .:? s;i..`.
C~C:S1*'-Fi`.,~,3 ;=~ti~C:3A Fr.E:x.t ryr,i,.,i. }i..~:;
~ ~ Ã}lt: <'.24Fitiii<~aÃ::ii {\
3ssr7E s:3iL., with stator ~? F. ::i?t .t i'; Fi~c_#i`i.r, For ~:.C~'zplw, Ãl1C sE}: 3F' FiEF'iT~>}iFFC 4c 1. C r=Ft3.~i extra copper ai3is l:['oTI fosac:? ~.Fi eFe u?siÃ(3; core. hE tiot3:fE:
L<<i#T3~3 05. Ãi1r': ti.a.s'_"s3` A H,'F3loi].Fu current may also ai.?jeLF 11.:?11:0..lE 4~ si~?f}i3L#'F} into 'ESI:e; air t?'Fir. ZEY-i-~,?nCE3c fS:Lid Iffi:Ft couples i::[(3 :}w rotor, #t? L:i:j#= ; l:?sw,,, l3} u}i i'L?Ãt:F'. "n4C :iL';,t.5:#t]. 100 #t) ?:t'. SÃL : :1E ~;i3"~i;t?aZ:~= ~ Eifl<:F3Ãti by wHFJ:Fng, a phase tih1ft te:i3ted tt) EhY`.:[nfII?bi:E' of S41s. of ?4#t3Ci1T1g (i.:) and {.:;.z . I1.ambe:.i >'{ phii4e.s ~{z3; i::i o~ic,l scl o, wiFIC iiig" 111 [:>ne exi?[r:tpit', Ãi1#;
',,4rsE.eFl. 100 reduces ÃbL ;.rcfF:mts_,t?.K:
xil the haa,'s3oY?Xe. C.1xuen4s up to thÃ'. (.6I7 1) C:C?rnpi?ncF}F (E.g,, for 13 4; sz.i. i?clF'F]rtisr;.-i:' cc,}mu.,:t:nt :## .i.i:' 1Iinn}i?21ifiM t,tF#"3"e:)E a would be the 213I<}
i32Yd d-w ...v tzE
At . ,:f3'd ngly, ÃiI4: b'Csi c}.;L inplf' tmpt'F}4.y, oI: IhE: voltage bus 115 h ;ii4 be at -19 M?l'.#'- ..1.. 34 ":ht.. 3EuiY.:fni3[3:S ~`ti.fpl.l"<
fdeq:Ã'G:F#~ v of Ãht. ~I(.d;td3c Ex:a ch#.t34': T5 3,;3fl0 f.,y., is ~:'s ?wBjC?h;~.'P'Ã/ i';T.Sp,. ,io3i'e i ggs 'q'LC:fa ElYi3t.31319i". I8t.. -',OI3"{t:`. C'S.<I ?ipFie;,, ti.~~ {J :hC: t'oi}.agi: bus ~? sk fFSl;+a s~t L~~ "~'i~3bS;i3i iF51#1g ~`F#z3.a f,ciL#,=~: t' s,.I#=::~'FiI?s, i2:FStFE~3Ci^ii t?:~F#:~. I.1F3s'~~.E?' i.F.m#i1:i?ra or w3 `: s.abStar t:A:ialy reduced filFS. .i'IF'4g.
: S:ii C and t? aL ? ea:f may be Io-aS$dL a:cd cF i'r' s ' ,tL #t3, ;#-F
s:1tea 3a i.iFy f 4piE~~E:#ll`d #..>t:iF3Cie matching f..::i. 113:3LIli..K 4ss1d tiFc'. t11'lve ft74õTL:thG'i.
It:t tit;:;.C ci4: L;,, the drive 4,3:4 i#3sa`y' t.ltceei3` 1.4.a:?:#t,li#..Ai', z3rtil a3e?`tC4' .^,pt3I31 r'.ing,7 tt3R'.
overall 4y$te#'t3 baEeil ?i3 #:7i3 AC Cin?r'G' or pm,vt'3' . lt c"t;:i3~Oti ?:t?:iv be the #'I3<?st cost effective ap~? f3<4C
.
1?t Si?#t34 i?jii13+3d1IF3eT1`i.s, d : .t FEC~i matrices 105:iW-Sli C:Fi :?e ci?#iFt<.ei:ti #i ,,iF3T?ti:LF3c:i.PlsT::1 .>> .NC:#i..S =:.i2d 'si' zI?:ti'i3..lt'.3 w lllti'?'lzi+,:L ii3 the voltage bus I IS. As shs}w.n., i#F 1'1G:
..., >R F-'t. system ISO 11"Lilidi`y the Sw#td IT?i3ti3E:C.`~ 105`s#"1053'i t<? be S.:a?mF*;`.L.tLd i#ha ;iZ;f"#~os, iD :i:i#?3.3aFv~: i#3 i~:3.1i': t ~?c3 e1;iE lf =ti ?S~ #:ti ~'#
?TI21P7icC;'s: For v > 3I1 ~?>[.: the '~`i~;Ll"f iiti(iF ? 1 ~~_.~w, =.~
a.oY.F.<xtÃ.d in s"#`bõs tS.tj"E ffie s-witc"h rnat:'R<{ 105Ãi, a.#3c. !hi:
`1vEt.:h il'iai#`1.x 10152i l is :C?n?Fe<'`ct'd in s4F'EL.:: W#Ãh tP;.w Swttci:¾ i3:iti'i:S. 10533. In flh1;, e:?:.i mpli`=s groups of the 5..? le:z cE?z:3'?{;`i'tGd mt`:ti , 115.
FX1 2 a scki21G#EI= Z a3F'L=SLFitat.io?J of an txt::2'#pl#S.i'y power sE.#g0 200 !5pe; 3 3iTR,'. i,? i nai?Ei;rilFE; iniode ,.v Ssipp.y '.t3stp(: to ~u' li.i;;h , 3pwei:~ load 20-5. For t'Cc~i.FLlplc;, tliC pC1l"i%i=.z" tii af,',t-21"~.~0 can be l?\e3"> to ,.oZ3~i'.3" i`i'nFti: ffig's:l 4i;,;?"#$pri:.\4i?1 dl;1ti.s, i?::tt.cfYi'i3jhl.aYF3C.fid.al;y ;icaledcv'I31p#'<;:iSt)r +~,F:C::i, 11i ; 4i7e3~'.(i.~~lcn`'UF::i. cFn3i%i'.S w;it beds fi}i' uwbt3 S~P.flj?if?7ilFfu. In JI1G exw.;.plfi:', 'd'm power smg<; 4100 may i?"to:utie a sp1 it-phu u ?i3ofo#= and drive ,y,rt..n :vxFh N-== 4. I_i3 th;~, ` i.ele;f`+."i` 4.-,m?i,)tu, flx4, pt?`<v+." 8thfiL; 200 includes .fi}LF' w]Y3dF.iIt, ;.Ct;i 2 1 5<;;. 2 5.?; 215c> A 1 S'#:
E<`::i:iY o.. dFS: "'ind:3'.z,:.'~y 2115i'a-d ?s, C.i>FFfi+}Eli'Gd to tii$`s`(:' 'st 15' phase #'i?:F, #Ft!J'sice?"Et I:4_F Soa'>a~t t1hC' power stage 200 i~`m7 .,.i.'i1:tdG
fF'C3oiF:F 93 e:F`.s.S DC tfu~~ IDO.
In d3,i depicted i'xiti3sj.,?v, the Ã:"li:+..:.#-#~w~ FIl%#ohXiao 110 ?[?KEv b< <.?t t?i F3 \dFFchri?T2G3F.#:; #F>tFtb:s;;' ( ,t', a pe?.`?"#Ii#?I4mt ?nifgEid SS'rWhiF"(??3O[?S' ?#3i:i#:W:EMEIC:). T1110 \U'.;t?)t?f Ei:e #1iaCilit:t, +..ai, .i'. i.-I1:idi; sf7at:L-s}rt}`i'i:'d; aq7I1i-phKF5t' i.~=`:iFadiiF#_',:F, ,~N'#1h a wi':Fl Ftu?iFi3er ts{ p.i'.tiFsc.? = ..~"N, whi'3~h=. N .h the ni3,..-#t`..? fs :[?iC~~~3~?FiCi3x, ;::*C3a..itc`:=O
F3<a?tratll, f,l13t:ephase wF1.FCy.e.Fag sc;.5. In, t;e:~it:31ii N may i)i:: selt~.i;:Ã:t:d.; ,},?aSi<Cl on EJ ti = i132.t3:#btr of slots in :ht, : WC,:t', ?1?aPL1bt,., i?fzt;tLFi' pi?xw'k, el.i3<; ~.ti~xC'= ..yr.,Z3L;Ii.i oz hal:Y'i.31! t3itiw 4:i#i3i:elli2i?`l3E'# ?'t"..iIl8TÃ'i'.d. ThG?'~: t;ikii be a Or .>N,E
i.kvv#ci`~.l ci?:tx E?1t:i#:i~
phasc dl{lL..em4 bi: w~~C'.!i a4 J .t _,C i7ii,ci:ii' ..'~?3df?1~.ti.
~9.a"il#lc?T st iBfE?i S;17:E:t1m ~~~
3aFs"
kav'f.~:i:l .,?f>4FC+:;.i.Ã..Z?ns t?;7Z' b~. iAst~;i~~:d 1~i?~'.:., <_,.. :id `,3.ta#_Fc..i"F e.i~3:Sl~:c3i7i?
.#"F #:;3t: C`.hi:l*e, thE?~ :hi'G'c Phat;aFw Wn.-(i.:im: sets 21 5a-d 3'IEt:yf be fS:.d by ffiaeZ..
~shc.s<'. :i3..ve?,i'.a 5wit":.h '.?2<$E..ct.`1 : 21 ii, 225b, 225c. 225d, i"t:SpC:i:s.i4'dy fia a e.xC,.F:FiiiFT3 3ppiIi'.t3i:t?2:x :hi. .l3.?.'~:.'~t'` phase wFa'id#:iF T ..C:.S x 1 5:~-d may fiz(:cl AC-DC cE12?4cÃ:tc.:' tiwEt.,:C3 .A.; ~. :.i:
'5,3 125.i-iSFea.;e;..1'4G .'c" in stteAFc #:xG#i3iplCs.. Gate,r.i of the AC-DC converters ;:,:#ib No s>.?tu~s,,c clif?ii:e b t.E+ e. N ;i}'wt,rl:L" cells i:an. be i'.[7anct`.tL'={_I in pciF:.ill+.., ,AÃ the 1:i3?.~.#.F`.` bint; :`6d `_i'i?ma F":maull,yF
Dc link. fi: t3 .ii?.hi.:' e.Y besi.$:: z3...?1;.. each iFivxte#' cell ?.F2i3;}r lk:3ve aii 123d7vFdLii3z DC link, `r:E'.:idEd3,g N ie-pa?wi: aiC i.i3 t`ui',h :is veTi;e#' cc;iz. C-aLt ?tFci`,<edG :3S? Di:
;!C C3"SS i c? 11.i3cii ze#C) vE?lt#ms :wai1T ?tiit <.i:istF3. fed fF'3i33 an #:ndKCtOd I',h#t i'. phast:.
33 `+1.#p``.1ly th?'t?'.F?:, a .hzsrGe x?h-s:#<ii;. pa4:33'v<: or i?i.?,#vi`, :Y':=41;ifi<:i'. The :-kiFfiC.d'. DC 1,~e33.~ ,...ct;f>F3 E:?3dthi:.
11 13,vi:! .?,",`.e[ x.; ::Fe3t Fi.pi'est`'#tt:3;F2':~`. of thfi:s;d.'". N
1:F3\"i:-I'tei'4":4lla.
B`:n an a,...ast:CitF.ivr switching of r;.veF`tt';:F' Ci:'.i.l;i 11:3jr' bC
:.Fh the cf's'r'F'eSpo.:ix:3'#z: -NEtttoT 'w'#i3c'?;:nq~3 that are be'?-it' tf:d. ~i-ii= fui3.darFCI3.tal S.'sF.E1p}.ii w .tFvfoEE3-.t oi`<.F3t:?3.
i?werte?' ce~l rnAz, be Phzise sl?aftc::d by , :N; #_i'cnF' ari .,ii~~, iivo-Eer t<eil. Bcc-ai~-zo r;}i the lc'2yi.`.+i::t of dh<' ;>i;<ati):i' S? [?1drFgs. ""(?:.33i: h'c3:-131i?i?ic.:ti can b~: S'L3bstt`t.nts:ilZiy F`odi.ik:'w': or 3iaari '=~~'i~:
>:F) 'St?<..e i.`L.:;;?1i , e<`30h #.I?vi'E't=.E' cell mly '3witi'l:E at ;id].
output z rnd3xi?L=Fltcll f'^,'eq3ieni:y, .or v::iy L.t?Se Fss 1; :?',i.. 'ffl] ::i1ix'fe1336}llT'.:?di2<'3: ti`3,,. l: .v-01 o., i1?::F`i3.tÃ?E1kti in #ti2i;mi.?EtP3-t:Ãlffc;:5t;i.
SozFic iozai?,-Ah.:ctF;zt mÃ.:y yield C3;:d' or IF7i?Y'L <'zdvc3 's#.c?r?Lw.
Fo?' i:ta[31;=`t1c, 4t?,.:A '-'Y;if.0i.a4 Ylli3ty ;acr.e weight _t.?i`a vi?lx:rXif:- of "thi:. 3'F'u'cs.'chine because r?3`, Ee1L El:r r:L.P" fiax d<3:i):ti:;Yi#:i3:
3`i`c',6.~UG3-tc Yvv'kit s. F..sl:ng standard AC L:arfi21rC1'wi' Es7~~t?
{%twlf S z371, Qf3o.38r-itw IF'i Eh.?d5. I. ::,3T"i3i e3-Fi:3s:?dr.E3.,C.~',~.I:,:, .ti.tpL1t 3:S;lfib1Fx1fi~.s of thf: Ac drive kxmpt?laes*?Ã:+, such as d'3c scaA:w3?[Iilf:.<3T
devices, i)"Edaz` ,k ;F:.i:3"cslS,;.d I-iy tx4ill li_3Z54 SW3Esthln4 frequency SO1:E?o õtEd% F1]ii3lr3 ?,1 :.`
b11i..1:0313v,. distortion ?`rt the l.i s_'. CiaCi'4nt.. OpF:l3Y34+.'.d stator EF'Fiay bt. a;<;?Ec4inwA iFca\i:d C33 reduced ?xt~ErF..3F3t: ~4 to aÃaE3e`3i#. :hLvit4s:.rF4F h.t:mi3r)Ec losses that E3'Fe3:y bi e:4:siFi a.+.`YCi h#+. bi''.7-f.i'::E..`3,?L'.ni )PWI~i xr:?..f'f:tr v77e,y:ti.1:i3 or w?:h, EI;ie of s33alS'' one i:hrLf,`^j331aSt. <F.o.>c.' bridge.
3~ ~~rl?~:idt?F?f sa`.~?ta;t3tFi~ IFciEFF f iFLil Ehi.; rotor In':3y be iiLi3; .8'#i.iall:y rZ'dF3i.et3. ~'ilt?iF31a?' it s:;.VF2 (?F
power pi'tw7di= ~L1:~S1.~i3Efc3~ ~EL~, Yi?le.'<3:r.i:0 iri so..;e a:F'#.bt?di3"Ili.i3[s: which i?"r;3y ffic Z,Lld F3Ip3'o~`f.cl ?':di3.3d.lns:ti' and 1:Esg>.iir i3'4aiS.i?b1l3ty.
StfC:i"s E?.t2 the stator L3'td di:FfF ~;.+;=,ttE:t~::.
: : 'i ~ ~D4 .L.-r3,Is:ti.i~ ; ` . . .._uF.3f311 Vi)~~i3"~~õ~. level of $ ~::-F'r4 iZ ~~' v ~,~<7 1.a1 i ~~':i31.i~i3_ e.k.~r ~>C. 3~[j4Crs.C~~ ; '^.Z I?:Fi3:Etx.a~.
i.,"?#'Eactt}.;it;: to .~:~. '[iF.r32?~?t.r of ttF1"#ls per i:Lz1* and the number <?f n.t?i.i~ per p9>C. ha11'Fc 20 t_..i?lot`.aF+:.i3i,5 ,3:<ay F:w:3r,,:vi, ,?i.ilt'vi3 'y high sy:.t7:=Yii cffii:Fi.. .t ..` <3.f1d :owiz' overall cost, Ss;9Ã?i4 nf?t .i3eG>EF ~IWN1 LC)3"#'S:3i tL:(A?n#.qEF-(:S, ;a.i1d/o may ~,i1't?~=im.EG ~.iZE ~.wa : i;;h-.ypu::.c~
AC
FIG% i hs_>w wl ::Y~ttlAt.il;ti SEe.lit?3 +'<Plrdl:flg of ffir; <,i.{.i?.`._ :1..,L:1I3.e ~ 1Ø I>. -~.i`:3zw c,~`Fi:il .iplt4. ::llk. w.Tid3.IFg Ct]3'iadgF.i3'at3L?IF
300 can be r.yt'Ci in a 48 c?cv?v4 pi.fv ~Utl?i;
25 IF2 t>ef' depicted L3mfitfl#'eitlC)r1 1'cpreu'L'F'31:?t3i)i> ~sld;
Ci'Y1ifig,i?iai?<3F 300 3I34iF3f?+,'ti 48 ..>.'i~ as >Lp'4:t?,s.d by iftc vft,kEd fi7Fes, Si?nL::31i?E numbers FisSt?t'Ful:i~.'G;. s0',th II3E;x sw=i)-ri.s'pi?rW?I1w sli?t's ?~ .t,d as .i.I3fi i?.a.i:i i3i='eE'k:?r' t)ti $abL'. vertical 1i34=5.
Ir? some c.'.=mbod?I?:e.'aE;i, the stator cC3n:flc-.',iSI:3.t1ol? 300 i;.'sEi, Spl?F iAFs, N "-..iozs :s,.:tri rc.:.1'v`; In oFt iY:iaF13.plk; `,3,4 ::Ã.utE.`" includes a series of tooth structures that F:i 5epcir.FEi;d by N Fo?-:3c, ::S'<=;IF7pli., N pi?wf:s cc:i# be ?#14t.:~ned in those N ;rlC?=.5 (A!, A2, A_? AN) of the sulEs:31' E's9nf$gu33.i..t 300. I"hf: \i:,.,li?3" t:;13lrra?.i:r'F36t?FF 300 Fni7>8 then include N sicis .1F Ãa?tot, Q`e ~~.:]SFLr3~\. I] s.?..:.c f.~,:F?.i3>?i.=b, L=cif:3. winding se'E tci3 include a s3"rr',k E:r3.i'ar i'.':31! i"Er3:F?:: fM in ;;1dl z`},Gi:e S7i3 the :ri>iu?'. IF.F each mdntFZi., set can include multi E:i3..`, coil :?'.<.aFt.ii.F3g ri full piw23 on t:tev tiii:i~tf?'-.
Slf?t l?~?S`IElr3?" dimensions S:{3e' ~'' sE3~1s1'c.F'tS.c ll~` ?:~~~ .:= For IT.Y s;sti~,a.3C:?i s, the ~ w~
f3'T?3t:~ c: ra:~_ <ac.?[]P:,e., the t>i?: i i?-lay bi. ;i11b;iti1FIlEll1 eq1m1. In other eF;bi?itfE3`FS:Bi:s, t, L` SEial4:rr Gi3izfi3'i...<?Emt?n _.00 cEil :LiiJlui.'~i: tÃ3t31:...lCss :1.EtC3F' dtSz~T,,i3s (e.g., WlI1C,1;1os) s}~i , z3~ 4i'~:3twq1 t}ic Z$'i23<t#7, iS 37.E`3Y0.<i wii.bsta=3titd_E>' ii'i t2he stator core IZ2:iliSliil.
In E3le depicted :'.;S:a'i3i3ld, ihe cf?xlfi~?,k3'ci$i`3bi 300 3'ie':ii..FdeS 4 slots per pi?I. .n oi,,~
mn,iflc, l,av ~;is:Ã<}i cc~~~~~g-uratiai? 300 c<is: include eqÃ}al >.ziinbci of slots In each of the poles.
cx's:1mp;C=s i..ciczi pEtic of I& s-mtE?.i rs.id:ly include 12 slots. I'liC:
<cm:f+sEinad'isiS 30() tip1i,"õi E}ii'.: 12 81C3f.;i i.?f, <<.<..,i i at=<. ."Oa7<iF.Etel5, For CLdimpl<., tl~~,'iG phases (m=3) can bQ Ms:;2`te3 in E$k 12 s;c:z5 i`.+; ~:1e :+'d.ittti?': As a myi.#h, t:;i. 5tatlir#3It7.1 bt. ::t?I:iig-ui"k".d to i1av{'.. 4 scFs of ihi"L?C. ~.`a.:a~," S'i.T.Fdll31:;,", -`4',3; soil7L e7.i]',?C?dii3zGiits, the ',$r?Yicli2ig5 +;:ii t '?<':
.hst;"ihuiC',E: such ;h'c', ..e-`acb 5.R:3(:
..o.tÃ1.:I`s ?3.i~' ..3,.e pi;.itSi`, li'i iS3t; depi<,t.ed t xski3.i`s,~le phase A t`sf ?.L1e?d11'tg I (A 1, C)<.O.ipi..;i 4lot:; I and #;~ 13, 2 5 T , <i..i?.. A Ã?i wi_Eidlflg ? (kE?octlpiis Z 14, 26, 3:5.
Y
Aftho2'ft.`. ,:,5 Ysi3 :':i's3F31pi ;: are dfi:.\t:i'ibC'.(i: F34 tt) fvi.x.'eg pdi:f$k:L#li:z iluItF3i:a.;i of v:Ed:>{tS., E3ais y~.`ol"s, iii;,d Ei:e like, fi,:icll C.YE:Ei?:ia3l< .S are given by :i`ib' of ~?a1S3t?:; and i:s(?t #is L"?.~~s ~' L+= ilz~ ~lliceit}a::i ci.t' 4:=<3ntL'iT1pl<iF+;'d.
Iii :>ciiTit. L:Kiii3A'tlGS, 111i: Gi?f?iwtm#:3.f?i? 300 a=:iYi. ,;i.ibstai3i1 3ll5 ..ai.tig<3Ee ..m,i31t:s;3k::s tE3 the !: st:.i~L)i' iAC... :3#3d, in iu1 air geip :?<'tw~i.'f:.Ea ttic tit:iZ:i?r <4i1Ci f:?c si?t4?:i'. For C:3'C<'3i3:tplC<, ?i3<
300 i:wi sui?sti. ,t.<3.ly. i'odi.ii:e an #:32s?c3{n tilf the 5th c'.E.3ti 7th h<1rmC?iil~:~ u:;il.ipi3:idC:~.Ã:s ii,. .,tc ph<3S:' C,ui'ri:.7tt:. C?.. .i`> :,i?ni_t"steoY f:o3;i an iron loss and rs.t?f'qZpt,"= i'dl?ple :.t's:iFdpC?JiIE, In ffic dcpi.i'.-t`~~
cx: mp;<:, t11<: first htlym i`iiL Components in LÃi~~ ,ii=' ,gap flux can be at t6N 1;.
In :ii3i:Fie ti'is fil#st ii:t?:t? i 1:EE3:#nnC?[iii? 11li,.Y
cC3;E14A?o:icE)`tS #_[]: #..G
2,,1 t> 'il ,';= *'NI Y ' ~~ 1 1 õ.
~,~' .
FIt <. 4 shr3w-: pl+Ai.ti of cli3.i)ic7Ea3`y b'. cl'r G-foTnl~ 400, 430; 460 Ei;3 ,ll1s:I'ii`it Elpi'=r~ct..#:sEi 'ix3 <;t II.ti3f17>'i.m., aili'x(k. l:A 4?.iie mf..1pim siii):iti7ifi:El laF3i"i"]C?ni:: reduction [)13y ...5"aEt F3i:if.;r.. tx:i.ph<mS<::
,'#.i,-ftt.d I]41,.3:4?ali<4's fi'l?fi'f t;?e ci<iJ'<3i'.t,':.Ilt three pl?.{.5<'; wi:idi:t?f;S ii`f:: wai?E31si'.d i3p) ii, the ^aEi.f., lbfth:_'_ 4tm?i. fti thi', yfLp;cF,ed exi;P, q)`3<:, se?L'.#`al of (i:be z:E3.i'E?i()[3k <'f5t31po3t'3:Yt", have been 2 5 ; ::u# s ff<.L`tivi,v`, f'Et kJiiiF; an c ~;Spt-(3,'iPIin2tt,' total h'3.I#3.(?.SIfi.< <shsto.tii?Ii ('11:3D) of 0,5110. flie ;5';1,vCf6i'i3:s for direct and cji#i3drcSEa::"e i:,limnlXi, iq it:Fnd id, %fl'c also si,C74i`Il, ikpii::%d ciE C=~~eGt..`rw ~ tL'I:l'x Z=1='ilvcf4?I..,.:a f"o-,: Nc 4, i_&<40.0 -foi' the Oi'Si; )f a Ix:3:naF3e# PlFa;:T?<'?.
Sv?"iwI3roFiFi1-F .AC motor .i"3i.miz3M at ,ElfY power t)p<.Rtititli. ~'l1c 4't E]<:h:'i?.i1t?ia I. z.Xi.s i?#'dd q-axis Ci1.i::'t:?#.i ;i'c'iiQ s:i.bsii3.titialN' low ripple toiEFel:i I~3fhoi7:t PWM
c?puno,30111.
i...=pleI11+,:Iiuit1onS IFii b 31.:E?::eih'c:lallL avoid the hc3iF3Fr`33'.aL
.: ~f_'.ctioF7. i.?i;<' saii3 <..,t<?:ineig V). ~i#?.pl: ;3_i3<`F :?<Eli>sm:`t): PWM
<?,L?k.'.i':leii:)3'.'S l?Ii ttiC: AC drive. For txh s ri2'uty `<3Q, t,Cll:itiv13d in >mIa< by tdi1.'ii'lg N of the curf'eiTi wcive.ft?4rf3s that <''3..Z'.f:.fi<.?`if>.`.zifl!' phase shifted 7 w;>i,I'e N is ffii; Sei IIEi~:#3TbCr of three pi?ii4G' ?i+'#i3d1tTti}. 1.nh wid"tC#ii~;
3to1r` be d;;?4'm w1- a cC17: veI"ia~x .}li=t[ is, iia.F3:[3;l#?g 3I
sllbsÃr:t3.i1:i1llv fu.ii .3etti;ks sE G m<,' l:?-w ,i?Et,.,.C v='ld:i:}
35 modJ1ajFoi3.:rLq3.s.',#3i:'. wid is injecting hi`zS"i;F?<`)::3ic.
currents.
~3y :#_i=ht..ii.t4;. N oa-the cuai-eni vvas: that are e(ea:,ti=i..,ialy ph.is~. shifted by Ãn3N;, i3:i3n,.bG,3' of three 3d3,xse,~ti #iadi#;gw, the iiI3.TAEa.`,:[3.i:
i;313;'I'ei3ts can be Su3SÃ.u#F$d<:li4 irfiiig<$Ãf,t;, Ai`of this phase ax?Fh is tihi?wn fia. FIG. 6, wh...fu ib<
}lst3... Ti?:. :.C:,#f#p<..+lae?=Iif:i c.ince! cmà ur, i;.# Me (61111) iot~~poner#Ã. For 54 <4, M:: first harmonic :.ompomm?:s vvoilif:l be the 23rd and }.a 254 As s:..Gh, Me e.fkt,t#vt~' C-Eir1."s=_"i3i Wav4~fo.i?1, we;.it:A `:`i #i?}et;i-.c3E, #.i`>to Ih:`iIait; i', may ;Ii$ .-- a much lower 11W l'cilils:s t~ii3:ii ÃS'"p3i4c'il :t.i: d fie$' th#"S.'.' ph:iS0 bridge weavC:t's>xiÃ"3ko, The -vol 4gt' Eipi~te f::'eqi3i'.ncy on a F:t'#a#:i3 D1.'. i#.i?.k (e:g=< Ãhc vi?ltiw'e bLFs t i5) may bc, wi?v,ne ::t=y is :.1ie 113ax3:mi.#.i31 :3 .ivil'c kcqiIn{`S' of the f=õe33e#'aISi, this would iFozf#"f:ilJ,j`
be ii'. i.re s:,.a:[',-: k#i't>.3L=#":z range fo#' s, bigh spieis F1ai:-i'fF:ile, In some t=?.tEa:.ip:es fl`tc e x CoE? i}.~{i.icitii::.: .Y4O '~Tl .,. .~ 1f)aC a Enm4.?.t.is4it?n qiial Ity of the DC l.ITIk.
FlU 5 shows c.3# e?s:e3'13p3i3F'i' h,tF~7 tip4cd !~_i?õj3 p4y n~v,. t gt;t?< f <ZÃ.it3#-1 tia &t.:n: (H..3#`~-~.i US') 500.
'ile H;aRPGS 500 includes a pc#zvee stage 510 d3pumlg in a. <,eaer.:~.tins :uode, '1T2r. ,?z}wer stage 510 Ã.i?t:lides a hli'ii speed pT3.alit'. mover 505 lE;d a ;:paci zih#t"ti.d,. split phase 4i'ii3i$in'.Ãx sÃi:Ã:i?I" 505 4v#Ã:.? N :: 4. N. one :mi3Y3Vi, t'he st;]tt?#' 515 4.i.3"i ?x1C ~li+~e w:ii1d.1T?g :.C#IAfigtfi.?t.oIts as taLscriC,7i_.d. with #t:ieI'.[z..e to I AG. . I#1 one eAa3:?}.?l5:, ti3:~:~
stator 515 caia Pr;kc4:i> the :$?..`i iiln:C'.<~l oT ci>y of the ~z.t]SlC' :7.S3r'=F 505, into (.lect7xcc7'I c;:3q4}~,'~0', 'T'I?4 sts3iC3r 5 t :` is 4`.s.l#?li`.Ci to a ,3i w':F
i:iiElc=es91i M ae.g. 52;). ThpUw eF' A?,.,t.~ ~tz~Ei~ ti[kigi 521) c:i31 ;'i?cc.#'vi pi?werfF+3... Ã..ic ;Ã.titt?i' 5l,-51 and dtÃ'l:3:>=: electrical energy i's !.1.;'ttt{il dc'.vii;;s i.t>i3t1et;ECd to Ãhe power p:"E?G4s:.i?'i~ :iti:~;=:.
52().
20 Ifl cs:'=ni?3i3 the P#"3.i3ze :i3:i7v<:~3's 50y i.ic:y be sL~,3i3Sa3Ã<,i1 ~e?:i3ti t4v stator 515 by z$ gay ...ce ga^p, #2my k i:Ri:d w1Ã:l3 fis.:;i:t.id:, or gi}:a!5i.s, or e.l :h.`.a".i'..;?, i3af?t1G
i,x<.a.;pl . a at`. bi`v,,%6..en 111e #"ot<?,~". and stator rIa<3y b(;
Pfitit?.~iy or ~`sxbwt.i,?.Ãxi3liy xifflC\i wi[iF, air, #1vi^3<iFia. #'1#:#'i;t oõi, hyd#"sgeFl, oil, or a Ct?m.]iYf:3.'Ã1i?12 C?3 these l?# o.h4r SLi32ubic materials in #E
i#:q3?=?t3 Phi:s:'.
25 iiI i?3e aL.pict.Ld example, the power pT"Z?+..C?Ss.ili~t`..g 5t&Ige 520 i?'#,.:,lLEt'a(: lflxitricC:s 525::, 525V 525c, 525d. Fa;:h of Eht f.l?e3`si'3,ces 525t?-d is L;i?n#"iC.i'.ti.i to one of E3.ir.
1`i#i.i?i>;; sets >. the ;i#:<a'{?i -5: 5. T,'.i.: E?C?wi'i }?t'oi.t;:sseni` staLo :) : 5 1#:ii:wllidG=s tw, .t3 e2:aa: DC ;:3f?,k-ti 530. 535. B?tli cf' tf.... DC lsiiLs 530. 535 ai-Q ct?opl;el zsne of t1?.::.,uÃput: ports s,f t~le ;W.<.tch iaial.T#cC:s _S }.''a-<i : x;7ui1`,vv% the :z vs'i.<%h.~`i:?<dt.rIs.:C',ss z?i<:C:'?I?:ilt'.ceeYi.x? pi?#'a3.liL3. to EF3e D.k..` >i13k:i 530.
io 535. In <3pcEat om:i, thc. ~4'IEc.> >.i3aÃrices 525{i--d %.F?7. iea3:; ve AC power fi e?.31 ,c sf<?:ts:i. 515 and ,.ti?.Ãp1ii DC a:so?;.,#' m:i?'Ãl3c D(,~ .3334s 530,.535. IT? io34ial:i3 ;;iTtp0-1e i4qjks:'i?ty i?fth'.'.
p~.swSõ' :I`;IFa~s caii;: k, dei rOfiia.d f:^<)m, the pt?wei' Aar;G 5 i;? ti?
$:hC, p+lwei' pi'.ce4::A?M stage 520.
Thc ~`s:~;. 535 supply ,Dt" potve# to a DC d:istt <but:io ; ystein 540, l?'r tIat:
dCi?i4t:4' t example, t.13C: DC ;isit"#.bEltat?ii :?yh#'L;m, 540 t11s:l#:idC:s 1I3'L'e..tip}i= DC-AC i,E3[#v<;.~Z..s 545a=.
35 51Ã57-1 xl3'id 3.~'.`.i t;piL' DC-DC Cso#?:i`t.i'tt'i4 5503 550:i3, hn ;i3,!'P iG ;~=f s = the D1:'.. Y'~,~_`
converters .:A^<w 4ii> can i.`..nJc:[i DC power .t::'o7I1 ÃhL~ DC UrtkE, 530 ;'135 into AC power 9 . . ~
:FTpi?rI '4,iF1i'?iz.s, A~~,. iis4'3.(;cs. If? Ei>?s each c:?f the DG.AC
+..vet`tc,i\ 54` , 453t 34 `wir..p:vLf :t? :i Qi m:i;7f.i3Ca`>?liw AC fift.-# 555<. 7:D5;#?. As shown, the A,(_ 61tti.a:j _" 5.iit.. 15t:c:.':la:i :,l-:pis, lt 3-<ph4ss4 AC pt?w;:r t?f#Ã,-+ui, ...t. ai AC power a: ti(.) 11::
.>: '60al.a. tvii?>. z.n.:s, va ;`.F#:s:. Esf 480 V to 6`_~?v V. Tf?(. DC-DC i::a[33i ft3:..['s 5453-545?A
C:3:i#'i:i17c.l1!do S#:G,:p wp converters o3' step-down c?I3vk;;: F' ~,' 5i?3??e exr].'~.npFtt35, ti?e DC-DC'+:;i?:f.i`et"L;.i -545:i 5-?=:?Fl a.~:n supply i?Z?4vF:i' to DC
i3.pptic,a #o.su~; #nng the DC power i;:t ,li~:~ I)C fi>ks 535, 540.
I,. .,S_a~x' v `>.:?:Fi`?l<-=3*.?t'at>iz1oi`xs, tiFO power gi'oceASiPg s[atp 5-0 Ccw iF'_?t.k3di a ~.11t:# a b#Fchgi;
:235#?~ta.ilFwFlfF3.#:`.I.4r :x.a ,<<~'3ÃE:~?
#"c.,i.fi''w, w;t~"o. :.hc" pCsZvc, :S?i?isFl.t513.i#:~ i:[3il1pt:3nal?t;i, In some FF3..wIcws 525:I d can be :ii::lvo sw.:i.c?, #`.Ã1's$ftEi:GS. Exci3tpEc#F'\%
i..inbt?d:i#2?t.'3:1ts of a "Y'qt.'~nF foir Dc p3sv"c'f' or n1:`io? i:iig using DC power are desi::.a=';ed I2? U.S.
Pi<?vis,i?I?al :}a4i:=:#:i AE,pliCk3[#oi? 0~3 g~'~3,1233 <:i]ttflQd cE#'?e:i'`y Ci?fl:s?e51on msvtif.E.'~P3C b~a` AE?r1F3_l, et nt#õ 'Filk:Ci on {027'`2006; ai?d in U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60'864.882: ctat3~lea-l' r:#;c#-zgy cU#"i'v:orS#r$.a sZ,~,FL.Yi" by A:i?#Y7iid, et A.. .~~;.3i..d on I 1 '08.;'2(}06, For p3q?6s.:e4 o. xF~, l,..,5.?<afii';~' ex.3i?lA?1s.:, f.".o 3i#~Ui~`~l#i~.S of T:?e detailed description r?ot~i3.F?.i?s, K7i;.`#d ,.:i3# FeNpt3.~3i:?#F34 ,gaa..b `#.:"i,'m ~ s 1.:e >L: dC)4.aE1Tca ?., {Fn,~ 3t?+,.t3r4?l?#"cat'.d h;_`T'fi.IFi by i'f crfi i3ve. To fllt; 0:.~.tG*.~~.~: any p iF#~Fc F3lc`3r fe-a:F.1?'c s are L~e,icS.>ba,v ?I? the }F'?<:[>ip[?3e;.:ei3c d1sG;:C,aUrc",a5 iff?%pi#nant.l1r 43E;ce6`,F3#'4', #.Ã:131~f bi F#i3deF',tF?t>d 1hat .efs::F to ;hai i,.'~C?C'.i.tf?'F?: t3: and Lti'ta i3:C3 intended to apply ~<1 all t':i?l,`.od3...'ii'[1.w disclosed fFe:e3:il.
g#1L'. l4' i..? C3: o:as' #i: t S?:il#~i $~1 ~3if:f2fi I3i< .~#:tia~S h1al? spced pt;.:+if?ifllE:nt 133a k'CIiS:i':3ii?a1 can izE~ %.litsS#.fiG'd based cm rotor c(}f?sl#"#,if-t3t3#.F, such ::i;j axial f?' ,iidfa.E E3p PN-1 xi:tFi.:i":ii.t~.S: ~'af' t..Y ;:,:.~3lC:, l'i#.i~... ill +.;ii3,~ .~ ~'~ 4 {
#Fii"i?:f ~.~ :.:2i3 `. used 3i3 ii?g~FC.;' 3r#S~"C i'tzf#E?h?~ ~ 3.Mti~
C3t1 rotor dp:,3;i3'.cs. .11.1 ..C3a11,: ca} .?L`dIiT?e#).`i5, rkFdici~ PM
gu"`Ik:?'caEf:3I: ci.Eii be go.Fpa.i in,w ti.iF'~~:F~:e 4?lt L3."+3t oa L#::T.?L'xdC:"d n31<3gne: +ea?L.f"s:tE?S\. itLF#'fi3Cc ?:?L+tia tt: FIM are cost i.f.f.ct:l:õ4'>:';
E11is AIY? #li ;" Ãij i3i<aS?LF act#i Q than embedded magnet based :;C11e'7:3FoF':i: ~:f3 so3..3C? ~ ',\<3~F3~'zC' , 4E#rfkiLC: 3.s;?i>L:3a=. a sleeve to pi'l?S''l:di- dw, ?;(JqLI1rt:d l?iFf.t,xE3:2?Y~iF and <: solid rotor C:*:} '` i~~ >, t. .:c~4' ?it~i Y'':.' #:E].C.?'w1Ss i~ radial af1~Tf1G~5S. ~)F~..~.dZ.:. `sfi'i.t.~it:t`.a' C:e?:i? i?i:=
used for cof?t:3ii'li'F3`; thi. ;.a3.:FYT ret p#ccc~~ at tli>,, hlgi1 i'i)tc1E3.?,T.:o_ii spk`,cd;,. FtarI .:xx?:=iple, :;i:#E?:Fe 4i; i?.~~(.~s.~; i. " 1Ã:<, ;,1Lc.Ves of" me:n.b#i3:nL: , : :i?4' t;FcI;..de L.ttl?<:t" a hight strength ?iC'.kC:l bi s~ 4 <3 ~, a ~.~ .~. S ~t3ti õ
~..arbc?:n f3bi;' maÃc.n4il.
j ~iF~ SI~.~:~%~:~: ?;cw.v 4F~.t~~Fce i3i~#.~~ie:~ Iz}~'~ t;~,.~#c.:.~?t~~t L:~<~i' it3i.l..z:.i i 1MMH:.T
znctLtl::=F.3zz3.i:'-:r.Ep than Idi~: :in :iioi:Y'i,d P.~' a:
,#_.',e2*t:i'~.~f.oz dl?i: to fh' ~.' sifdevo .;,.t.,c#'3.iFse(i :?3i?:tr7,T1e: `,:.xzF..kiw34 #'cqu#:F't=d tC? ;=o1t:-G an i~qT?at{i3..rft amount of flE1;S f;?io[r;E' thi; xi3agS;:[' raci g7:tF:e3c #`,.ap. 111 s`{?io z:xc3Fi3pl", a larger ifl'aig#3C.trc gap can pi"t?S'id3i bt-Itt:s L.tSF1dr'fioi"1:?<
3~: ~~7' L?f#i#L#:Fi.f 3.$ il ~.v t?Gi3.,r".Ing:;, $hL' generator can F.c3#il fl:ln: bs"..F?i'<fiF:i of u: .,?l'2>t i s:4.to#13.. ,.n Smn.,. em:=T? 3ies, mag`:FcIi& ?bG.ii'3112:? CcfP1 c3"pe'ra..t. st ;a;gt`i'F' yp..t=dS :: S,li less 3,sw :3a<ti ft}
certain 'stpt;S tt, ?1:Ff:<<3sF<3I?i{`ai `?G;F:1"#.t3_:,s. Using }IigiF speed PM !si~.El:T:?xi?Fs', a gf.I3<..:<,Ela;' ~y4Et::Y.n can be coe::iiumC.:(:C. ,d. -vkiih a i'edvicUÃ3 ?Y.Ai;3I3 w4..#w;hE, higher CFpt:r%i$?B#.i? A#t.FGrYs:=i?z reduced i?a a3>att:;ac.I#t:~c %'efid a m7i3llC%r cF?vt.lC:?p4 lh.?.ft a C:7Eits_:?1i3.o;icf~
To ied. Ã.e the losses im h1gi` Spt;~'~i<i:l geneÃ`7ioI's,'ht SvSEe:iF_i 100 .,i,#.d. 07:e'. 5i30 t:->,::..
for exa:in,Ic:, include N svts of 1i11l ;a.itc.lz, #iI.= pl.iase, spaÃ,4._;ah fti:.t?, ;~p1#.i-p?i<?sta winditigs .Ãor ei~4-sLv33?~? t~,t~3~iÃ.,`~':)I3. ~i'.. N ~~i3Jsi5'F,3 ~~3 Z:.f,` ~~#35t i?~iG 4 wlTi}e kt..'tpiI;.- the i7:1a34h#nv :;3s1e:? ~C.3 a :..~,in#:i>'i<]l .31" fFcbzc4in,~, h3I'#33i3F:Yi in the air gyap of the I3-IZch3x? .., Ii? :^'sr.,ti #'C;l3 #-vi2y thin, low loss sill:~C3?7 ,~EG::3l c`s:I>
b`L'.= EiS'd t:? C-oIF.uEIII
0,- lc3..5r.:s 117iÃ:IÃ_`F. C`. F :;f:? ftci[3eI1L y _lp'IiFild?.IF. U`In=S
finhe Oiw:.Iaid:=.EFl a;ic^nys.\ I FEAi ioCbEFEqui,'=`,i :i?:i.i ~: -UhC~;i::s"d. O3\4.d ;i:C.Y,9?.. #ani3 v?1'.id method, rotor lsfSsc:i (Ru:%: to Ã.:dÃ3y-6:i3rS:%.'i3.1 t..:iti. 13e F3fedSc::t.d ka7"".:?:r: a Yi:.=ie-sFcpp!#7 "', t'ot<3Y3 [3g' 'i'it.~ In sÃ?.t31C: 0=.tsf,.ii, a soWniS3n can be a}bt::EF:Fed , Z, w.:kk a ~lLt. ix #..x #3 #. i3.I# . TIc3lf s? w#El1Cti1: Gd?I?tiidL`L#F7.t) .ItFcil sGgI7 ntcii s}Ia of .}Ii _#2tj3C:s <d3:li:I
ii?e electrical ; Sti.li.il.}I bei+v+"uL3A a4jcfi.f:i3C magnets, or a -m<.gi3Gt and thc: s.iFi1ft.
.1n oiw 4xiiF.i3pli=;;, a finite clwiy"it:.k?t analysis tool -mf3.3` bc- used [C3 rs:C``L=cto. the -"-=md;.":z,!
~?It3tt~ti t?b t~'Ii FSi~'Ã?I' ?+~?~.~~. O~z?rb#5n. ;ibF F 3 in zF p(?1 t*eh(Fcthilk+.'=.i?I1~ (PEEK) I3(a::i{ iÃ2:h3d.: th~
efl+;t'#: of zt?3Ã`i' EC13..p:.#i:fi'i3't, ciS a t:ITii; di:=pei..d.t:ili 'S'a3-r#:.bti:, carbon fiber I:t.._.,?o,?, >.t.;..3 wi3:idi1:F?' fied. ?`i1s ; R#Indi?F; HfÃFCI'.rfit:I of the !'(?i;f3' geometry node by sii:sdC`, c".,:~o3{ac#:F#. to p>'iS'Yade - a Sy~te'Ã3l ;[n?di<'l;
2 >;: The ~'>.It.: ;Aa'eisC:i fm3ni;; by i3.tmllllg :.i ITIe`:}ÃAt.% may S3i;: 1:I?pllt to z? ;4..?~..SS t{'i>~ lo, :.+.Dt.t'.;: ir... Jvlat.na; Af4ssQ:+ in th.i', #`ol[?r .2si`sF`F_I)f;
operation. frl?c fC3tE?# E.%1:; bà ?I:'.s~_~ 2=~ t?vi_::I' O,:;w= .3i#i3g at?Tii,EiE:?#1s. IT1i'~y:3.d:k3lh fo etas?:ple "?<?1'I3:it'i<?l t?pa::C'9.i3:iF Spk..d.: at vatii2:Fs .L.....[ti`=F'rAlda'L-`S e3s, N3 e','.ll k .a a the C3.'e#'-spt:i;al t;onthtli4?:i LI#7dH# i a .'k='.I3 ffx tL=LI3P ... <3ilfl'i'~s.
Ii3 ?n+`. . ti.C<3i:'xpl+v, if FE;'! rC3ti?I` dpii3e+.:iC: software package -ia be i:::t,<a to :3a..tt.J 1:e the 25 frt.e i:'i'`.t i3:.1':.<?a".i.. i:L:qlif ..c.''s i3EFd IT.ltfd'õ'=
\};4Ãpt,.'s iff tiI'G` gC::i:i:.tatÃ).r. si iTit= soli:#El?zF appis.3z..Lt.>
l?.~~,?thÃ;`
F): :s itF :.ki3.lo? tEx:= ~Iwa aI7Ej inertia of a defined area to create the v+s4 ?:;~, 11, iFoC.:' xi'?
etii'S:iwe t,.w by :.17<3sti-l4S3 :?'L-`=aE31.''~. magnetic bearings aFm modeled i3.s, C 4;:.i3.21= sE:sp;)i.'si"{4 ~ci?1.ti.F
~~ #?~ i'i?:t?I t t?I] .1.. i}'~ 1:1i t?
<31:id 'I'l?: ?3i<3gmÃ::i:i:= bCt: ~Fl~;". u`+t.i.l am this .c3d.c I st ;?pf7f bt.3i'i? ,? .`,i?t ti: ~Ti~~,;:F' iT.1ti.~ of the :33'1~e:
F~i?Ã`;. a :iC'~?rIS 3tu t3i'.~~.i4fiw thrust ~?4~~;~#.I3.i9, ,?:I f~.1M~
a t f ` a i oii~ z ,ca iippTti) 3I'.af ~r i'lf it5 the <.xo- =F_.tD7 r,`
U l7tF~?~t'i~ t:~xÃa. ,.C: t>1:# ?C3: ..1~~ ~sl's:ilry axial : ~ .~1#]ay A
.4., ir7~#.i4. .;i,.s.
i,. Irt 3?i; sht?sea2 L.?t. c.Ei3 bL= ?Tis;9s! M#:=d as a i,>xnftli ve#'et, wG'.3.`rl];.
In iaF? i.,~Irs~e. :1`t.i v'U em':3T1pics kt3L'. i3ti}l Ti:1wf Wc igi't`t :2#l be t)-vOT 21,1000 lbs .Irid: (<-F.e bc%;i'it3~ns spill3 ei.'.fi xi?'?I?.i?t! 6'2 inches. I.~`.;[ I'ottF.I' .<.f? have a first :k:rF'i.xi?<a#"i.~ b:;.'.F3d PF~ iaFo{3a ;t?~U to ~'>":i4~
mt.m;3"f3t?.. Ãi pcv# #:I3g :7pci:i:?f Wv ; wnma1or. 1t? ;it'771c.
:xi4T?;.Pl:ti, d.*i e`.3.1:iai .t:,-m#.I?g F4 added it3 3+ Ãtc :It'?~i>I rt'.,s12ft I3s :n a fi.:mi fol'wiira be53d:t3g nnmt'3e of 21 {J29 ~?Ii2., which h', z !'% c.~_}tZ'~. i illl3r3'C:d fauwzti .oF over ~,-,p<:t;t` of I S,O'i}O i'p;:Fl, L.FSS bt..:1k<sow#-} ;~Yi3~' s>k ~?lIÃ:i3 i ti E~it; i i~t~Ti?#i?tl?i74~1~
~1]i?c:vatli~2 Ef}f?~ Ã~FS~E# , Z: F2~~1~
A x?i.F3:Fp"~#~:t~. ~ ~= ~.?~3i`..3.~:L:..t.3` #..:l~i:~S:'a wa l used to 3..
'Y;' x:~t'.i<fE[.f' \ 's 'vF3'f0.#~""~: #31L3:z.i~#F3,;; .T r' w~?.?ia..., T~
'>..aF:..~~- ` w~' ~ t?~'~:.~ E~3.t. ~F C, c7,LÃ,.
o2nii ct3l?liL,, 3acke. ;:ti dee3^"n1n~:= Ei?i correct I]1aS> fl4.11F
:f?qB.fiFC;d to mc:aalEi3an a .nm M..pw.}':lii`a:e ot ,' 50't: at 40 :." ;3mb.ic=uà per cosl irzsul,f:tion and carbon i;ibs:.r.
A si:p4z: 3_~'~ uk3,.'.nU:i7i cE?ol.i#.~,~~..~, .1acket wAEi~ a press ,lt tz}
diC= stat:`.y back .f's3n p;}li+ Ã?tlt 'Sit:iiE $hio.3gi.z. f: ?'. c.ti:'ir=g3"y'c.~A. cooling flSS23=': C3[iisf8l3 3f# flow pulls hCaft out Ã)f `t.iw end turns, also air is eC?rcGi.} (i 3~ f3~ E"r ;l.:: mud s'tz3:;k and 3[ ex#s}S ffirf?#.Fgh the end Ãur.'~. ::3ot}s#.}?; o.',.. Ft~k~F :^;d'L' of hif~. ni-:=3:F~.~'~ii:~>#`; T.~.iti F3a. ;, required ~'i?3 t~it?~1i3 1:i1e air S?FE~t and t:.i~. ~.t>Ã#E~~ tins t?>:~Fa.~. 3`ii:i7:'.
In mw e=.nplarv en.~bÃ?uinmi1, a sc.flwti--i:lo~.~.i, 100 kW bac:~ to back .
tiyt,mui irtxl7 i'3.c cEtl"ISiTi;ai'.d, I.F3 one O:Ct11]ipit.', ii;l:3IÃii"
C33``'s3 g'f,'ilz:'rz3E<`#i i::n b4 w=i3affi)a;?`ed ,vft?;, r' -c i'r:i~ " ~- >~ '~~ a o =~
LLs+iiS.Ãa ; .;sll.~~,; <~.E~ 4~?.i. 5~;. ~ .+:ial$ J,F)~Icl~Ã'= 4oiffl~ise .~~ ti~P'1.1+~:I3:1}'Ã:. ~3i3 i~. 5~.= C~?i.c Fa~~=3s`=. c. S~
stator t)f a ii:kotÃ3#' CaJ.i bC :?Ãii GE by'ldt C.l?;3vt=}?E3f?Ii%l .iiFGE}C2EIi33 pileli wii$d1n,._-z ,õ. ('v 413 k;mE::
eT}.boF:3e;:e,iit:#, dibc :i¾ii3.o,.'S cifx# i,iiv<: 24 slots and #-Il:_f"y' i:fSe a 2 pL`le T'~4i ...Ã :1'F.d c7i:.St'e".ti 3't3<'tid wwc.,-:;d :i.?tor. o ~Ic:ir.ta=i4Ã~~ ~~~hasc .,llift br:evei:n adjacent :di3ss is ij' wtiiF:i- m.wy: b;;
,Ã':
~z tqi#F4`i3le i>e ti ,:F.Y'#.w~.~t.4d 4t, , slz)E., 4 ptÃ;~ t:w f}-.F ~'i_?i:ae 4 "m:?(;ili#n?".d3ts' `e.bt: stator of ffit.
f?f=;.v.?ei"iili?;i E.F<)F=:ri>s:.1 o:, 4 wl4 (?. 3'-IFhi3s<' w313ifie1g,. 1_.3i af W.TldY.;' :'*.ci L.'r.ie zT:i.;udt:'y for L.XaI13~ic, 3 phase sE1Fgle-s1<1E i`i3_ I-p1Ãci.. w}3:t'~..?Mf:a t?ci.'.l#pyzf~g 6 :ShE.:4, For .';S.aFIIp::', each 'w#:i2(iEi1 .:.; set may be rated at 400 V n`.:f34. 25 :iV :3.#. 500 ffzI#'t :_m.:thfdr cml.bod#n-mm; Fimu. N-_5..
20 ~#1 }:' t'. 1133.?~ ::aGlEc3~ i?Il~. d.i` stator li+`.:= LÃsf`:.figui'0'd wifh 5pl1l }1h<i:4E' i4':I2Ch}.:;
:at.}ltt.'srii:inia rs:.ad'i%dL Imig i_Ilie, ti:ii7s i'd:iiEEvc to a2 ft:#.ni+)nt3l E?.i.d} Sti.ftL?Ã-. Il3c. d..ffi:ikl,cÃs i t.y ?"st; E.i"ti' i.x'a.s.Fplc, lcs;s t4a#s 13{}ff an ,.f?cl z, f[?i' i.2%aIilple=
ef~..ii thaÃ.~.--ph:fac V3md3f g S: a Ii:i<'3y be fe4da.ii z t. }r ti~8 diode F'f~1~:v e~LC.~i~rLd', each r+~'i~}i :.+~ low f#:li~?FÃ-f.1~i`: 4i3~?a:fC:i'~F~'i.. i:3C` l:,.~.:. =~ ~ki:t, ... a~3:v ~. .a . . .. . . . s`}"EtIna:'+ i?J. Er}c k3s.F#` mc.KifF.'.F'.a aE'c. coupled, G:=ithi:;i' directly or un a F..ot.?f'?F'k c3 i8"M4# .}} Es~tY~=i?f r 25 into i?1Q ..tmumo'S? DC bus i3#:d coe,i2t.x..:Gd to a DC load bi3rk Ii3 s.t ;.?k 4.Y.f`i'i's:f¾.aeI.i'~:a, fl_L
I?ia4 :;G; ,.p.3pped F'sil.?. several Ihc>'->aoCc+l#-,i`>lC~ for the temperature i) be #t3E:cfs#,ilÃ,d and :t.f.<?#Ã:i:
at dlfife=e'#:}l lE?Lal>t?ms s'Ey11: 3~s #l?ca. sli_r b:3+<k. 9Si?Fl and ti?o't~:ll tip:
`A-71:1 show t.-Ã'.#:t}pha}"}' t3loE;e of 1:C>trl? zivildi#`z}nf2LF1 i#'aI34Z, f:..x dt F1s3.Ã:S' in i:tie c5af:
~a..Ia'.i> f.# a~F`i" La ZS i~ti3i'2 'Fa. ;ss~ { F " ..
xaF~ i2x>z? z#:i3ti ta,.F~:i'iE~. y:~ :~:1Ã~~4''rx in ~`~~ . 7A, plots S>~);
:.Fh the cf's'r'F'eSpo.:ix:3'#z: -NEtttoT 'w'#i3c'?;:nq~3 that are be'?-it' tf:d. ~i-ii= fui3.darFCI3.tal S.'sF.E1p}.ii w .tFvfoEE3-.t oi`<.F3t:?3.
i?werte?' ce~l rnAz, be Phzise sl?aftc::d by , :N; #_i'cnF' ari .,ii~~, iivo-Eer t<eil. Bcc-ai~-zo r;}i the lc'2yi.`.+i::t of dh<' ;>i;<ati):i' S? [?1drFgs. ""(?:.33i: h'c3:-131i?i?ic.:ti can b~: S'L3bstt`t.nts:ilZiy F`odi.ik:'w': or 3iaari '=~~'i~:
>:F) 'St?<..e i.`L.:;;?1i , e<`30h #.I?vi'E't=.E' cell mly '3witi'l:E at ;id].
output z rnd3xi?L=Fltcll f'^,'eq3ieni:y, .or v::iy L.t?Se Fss 1; :?',i.. 'ffl] ::i1ix'fe1336}llT'.:?di2<'3: ti`3,,. l: .v-01 o., i1?::F`i3.tÃ?E1kti in #ti2i;mi.?EtP3-t:Ãlffc;:5t;i.
SozFic iozai?,-Ah.:ctF;zt mÃ.:y yield C3;:d' or IF7i?Y'L <'zdvc3 's#.c?r?Lw.
Fo?' i:ta[31;=`t1c, 4t?,.:A '-'Y;if.0i.a4 Ylli3ty ;acr.e weight _t.?i`a vi?lx:rXif:- of "thi:. 3'F'u'cs.'chine because r?3`, Ee1L El:r r:L.P" fiax d<3:i):ti:;Yi#:i3:
3`i`c',6.~UG3-tc Yvv'kit s. F..sl:ng standard AC L:arfi21rC1'wi' Es7~~t?
{%twlf S z371, Qf3o.38r-itw IF'i Eh.?d5. I. ::,3T"i3i e3-Fi:3s:?dr.E3.,C.~',~.I:,:, .ti.tpL1t 3:S;lfib1Fx1fi~.s of thf: Ac drive kxmpt?laes*?Ã:+, such as d'3c scaA:w3?[Iilf:.<3T
devices, i)"Edaz` ,k ;F:.i:3"cslS,;.d I-iy tx4ill li_3Z54 SW3Esthln4 frequency SO1:E?o õtEd% F1]ii3lr3 ?,1 :.`
b11i..1:0313v,. distortion ?`rt the l.i s_'. CiaCi'4nt.. OpF:l3Y34+.'.d stator EF'Fiay bt. a;<;?Ec4inwA iFca\i:d C33 reduced ?xt~ErF..3F3t: ~4 to aÃaE3e`3i#. :hLvit4s:.rF4F h.t:mi3r)Ec losses that E3'Fe3:y bi e:4:siFi a.+.`YCi h#+. bi''.7-f.i'::E..`3,?L'.ni )PWI~i xr:?..f'f:tr v77e,y:ti.1:i3 or w?:h, EI;ie of s33alS'' one i:hrLf,`^j331aSt. <F.o.>c.' bridge.
3~ ~~rl?~:idt?F?f sa`.~?ta;t3tFi~ IFciEFF f iFLil Ehi.; rotor In':3y be iiLi3; .8'#i.iall:y rZ'dF3i.et3. ~'ilt?iF31a?' it s:;.VF2 (?F
power pi'tw7di= ~L1:~S1.~i3Efc3~ ~EL~, Yi?le.'<3:r.i:0 iri so..;e a:F'#.bt?di3"Ili.i3[s: which i?"r;3y ffic Z,Lld F3Ip3'o~`f.cl ?':di3.3d.lns:ti' and 1:Esg>.iir i3'4aiS.i?b1l3ty.
StfC:i"s E?.t2 the stator L3'td di:FfF ~;.+;=,ttE:t~::.
: : 'i ~ ~D4 .L.-r3,Is:ti.i~ ; ` . . .._uF.3f311 Vi)~~i3"~~õ~. level of $ ~::-F'r4 iZ ~~' v ~,~<7 1.a1 i ~~':i31.i~i3_ e.k.~r ~>C. 3~[j4Crs.C~~ ; '^.Z I?:Fi3:Etx.a~.
i.,"?#'Eactt}.;it;: to .~:~. '[iF.r32?~?t.r of ttF1"#ls per i:Lz1* and the number <?f n.t?i.i~ per p9>C. ha11'Fc 20 t_..i?lot`.aF+:.i3i,5 ,3:<ay F:w:3r,,:vi, ,?i.ilt'vi3 'y high sy:.t7:=Yii cffii:Fi.. .t ..` <3.f1d :owiz' overall cost, Ss;9Ã?i4 nf?t .i3eG>EF ~IWN1 LC)3"#'S:3i tL:(A?n#.qEF-(:S, ;a.i1d/o may ~,i1't?~=im.EG ~.iZE ~.wa : i;;h-.ypu::.c~
AC
FIG% i hs_>w wl ::Y~ttlAt.il;ti SEe.lit?3 +'<Plrdl:flg of ffir; <,i.{.i?.`._ :1..,L:1I3.e ~ 1Ø I>. -~.i`:3zw c,~`Fi:il .iplt4. ::llk. w.Tid3.IFg Ct]3'iadgF.i3'at3L?IF
300 can be r.yt'Ci in a 48 c?cv?v4 pi.fv ~Utl?i;
25 IF2 t>ef' depicted L3mfitfl#'eitlC)r1 1'cpreu'L'F'31:?t3i)i> ~sld;
Ci'Y1ifig,i?iai?<3F 300 3I34iF3f?+,'ti 48 ..>.'i~ as >Lp'4:t?,s.d by iftc vft,kEd fi7Fes, Si?nL::31i?E numbers FisSt?t'Ful:i~.'G;. s0',th II3E;x sw=i)-ri.s'pi?rW?I1w sli?t's ?~ .t,d as .i.I3fi i?.a.i:i i3i='eE'k:?r' t)ti $abL'. vertical 1i34=5.
Ir? some c.'.=mbod?I?:e.'aE;i, the stator cC3n:flc-.',iSI:3.t1ol? 300 i;.'sEi, Spl?F iAFs, N "-..iozs :s,.:tri rc.:.1'v`; In oFt iY:iaF13.plk; `,3,4 ::Ã.utE.`" includes a series of tooth structures that F:i 5epcir.FEi;d by N Fo?-:3c, ::S'<=;IF7pli., N pi?wf:s cc:i# be ?#14t.:~ned in those N ;rlC?=.5 (A!, A2, A_? AN) of the sulEs:31' E's9nf$gu33.i..t 300. I"hf: \i:,.,li?3" t:;13lrra?.i:r'F36t?FF 300 Fni7>8 then include N sicis .1F Ãa?tot, Q`e ~~.:]SFLr3~\. I] s.?..:.c f.~,:F?.i3>?i.=b, L=cif:3. winding se'E tci3 include a s3"rr',k E:r3.i'ar i'.':31! i"Er3:F?:: fM in ;;1dl z`},Gi:e S7i3 the :ri>iu?'. IF.F each mdntFZi., set can include multi E:i3..`, coil :?'.<.aFt.ii.F3g ri full piw23 on t:tev tiii:i~tf?'-.
Slf?t l?~?S`IElr3?" dimensions S:{3e' ~'' sE3~1s1'c.F'tS.c ll~` ?:~~~ .:= For IT.Y s;sti~,a.3C:?i s, the ~ w~
f3'T?3t:~ c: ra:~_ <ac.?[]P:,e., the t>i?: i i?-lay bi. ;i11b;iti1FIlEll1 eq1m1. In other eF;bi?itfE3`FS:Bi:s, t, L` SEial4:rr Gi3izfi3'i...<?Emt?n _.00 cEil :LiiJlui.'~i: tÃ3t31:...lCss :1.EtC3F' dtSz~T,,i3s (e.g., WlI1C,1;1os) s}~i , z3~ 4i'~:3twq1 t}ic Z$'i23<t#7, iS 37.E`3Y0.<i wii.bsta=3titd_E>' ii'i t2he stator core IZ2:iliSliil.
In E3le depicted :'.;S:a'i3i3ld, ihe cf?xlfi~?,k3'ci$i`3bi 300 3'ie':ii..FdeS 4 slots per pi?I. .n oi,,~
mn,iflc, l,av ~;is:Ã<}i cc~~~~~g-uratiai? 300 c<is: include eqÃ}al >.ziinbci of slots In each of the poles.
cx's:1mp;C=s i..ciczi pEtic of I& s-mtE?.i rs.id:ly include 12 slots. I'liC:
<cm:f+sEinad'isiS 30() tip1i,"õi E}ii'.: 12 81C3f.;i i.?f, <<.<..,i i at=<. ."Oa7<iF.Etel5, For CLdimpl<., tl~~,'iG phases (m=3) can bQ Ms:;2`te3 in E$k 12 s;c:z5 i`.+; ~:1e :+'d.ittti?': As a myi.#h, t:;i. 5tatlir#3It7.1 bt. ::t?I:iig-ui"k".d to i1av{'.. 4 scFs of ihi"L?C. ~.`a.:a~," S'i.T.Fdll31:;,", -`4',3; soil7L e7.i]',?C?dii3zGiits, the ',$r?Yicli2ig5 +;:ii t '?<':
.hst;"ihuiC',E: such ;h'c', ..e-`acb 5.R:3(:
..o.tÃ1.:I`s ?3.i~' ..3,.e pi;.itSi`, li'i iS3t; depi<,t.ed t xski3.i`s,~le phase A t`sf ?.L1e?d11'tg I (A 1, C)<.O.ipi..;i 4lot:; I and #;~ 13, 2 5 T , <i..i?.. A Ã?i wi_Eidlflg ? (kE?octlpiis Z 14, 26, 3:5.
Y
Aftho2'ft.`. ,:,5 Ysi3 :':i's3F31pi ;: are dfi:.\t:i'ibC'.(i: F34 tt) fvi.x.'eg pdi:f$k:L#li:z iluItF3i:a.;i of v:Ed:>{tS., E3ais y~.`ol"s, iii;,d Ei:e like, fi,:icll C.YE:Ei?:ia3l< .S are given by :i`ib' of ~?a1S3t?:; and i:s(?t #is L"?.~~s ~' L+= ilz~ ~lliceit}a::i ci.t' 4:=<3ntL'iT1pl<iF+;'d.
Iii :>ciiTit. L:Kiii3A'tlGS, 111i: Gi?f?iwtm#:3.f?i? 300 a=:iYi. ,;i.ibstai3i1 3ll5 ..ai.tig<3Ee ..m,i31t:s;3k::s tE3 the !: st:.i~L)i' iAC... :3#3d, in iu1 air geip :?<'tw~i.'f:.Ea ttic tit:iZ:i?r <4i1Ci f:?c si?t4?:i'. For C:3'C<'3i3:tplC<, ?i3<
300 i:wi sui?sti. ,t.<3.ly. i'odi.ii:e an #:32s?c3{n tilf the 5th c'.E.3ti 7th h<1rmC?iil~:~ u:;il.ipi3:idC:~.Ã:s ii,. .,tc ph<3S:' C,ui'ri:.7tt:. C?.. .i`> :,i?ni_t"steoY f:o3;i an iron loss and rs.t?f'qZpt,"= i'dl?ple :.t's:iFdpC?JiIE, In ffic dcpi.i'.-t`~~
cx: mp;<:, t11<: first htlym i`iiL Components in LÃi~~ ,ii=' ,gap flux can be at t6N 1;.
In :ii3i:Fie ti'is fil#st ii:t?:t? i 1:EE3:#nnC?[iii? 11li,.Y
cC3;E14A?o:icE)`tS #_[]: #..G
2,,1 t> 'il ,';= *'NI Y ' ~~ 1 1 õ.
~,~' .
FIt <. 4 shr3w-: pl+Ai.ti of cli3.i)ic7Ea3`y b'. cl'r G-foTnl~ 400, 430; 460 Ei;3 ,ll1s:I'ii`it Elpi'=r~ct..#:sEi 'ix3 <;t II.ti3f17>'i.m., aili'x(k. l:A 4?.iie mf..1pim siii):iti7ifi:El laF3i"i"]C?ni:: reduction [)13y ...5"aEt F3i:if.;r.. tx:i.ph<mS<::
,'#.i,-ftt.d I]41,.3:4?ali<4's fi'l?fi'f t;?e ci<iJ'<3i'.t,':.Ilt three pl?.{.5<'; wi:idi:t?f;S ii`f:: wai?E31si'.d i3p) ii, the ^aEi.f., lbfth:_'_ 4tm?i. fti thi', yfLp;cF,ed exi;P, q)`3<:, se?L'.#`al of (i:be z:E3.i'E?i()[3k <'f5t31po3t'3:Yt", have been 2 5 ; ::u# s ff<.L`tivi,v`, f'Et kJiiiF; an c ~;Spt-(3,'iPIin2tt,' total h'3.I#3.(?.SIfi.< <shsto.tii?Ii ('11:3D) of 0,5110. flie ;5';1,vCf6i'i3:s for direct and cji#i3drcSEa::"e i:,limnlXi, iq it:Fnd id, %fl'c also si,C74i`Il, ikpii::%d ciE C=~~eGt..`rw ~ tL'I:l'x Z=1='ilvcf4?I..,.:a f"o-,: Nc 4, i_&<40.0 -foi' the Oi'Si; )f a Ix:3:naF3e# PlFa;:T?<'?.
Sv?"iwI3roFiFi1-F .AC motor .i"3i.miz3M at ,ElfY power t)p<.Rtititli. ~'l1c 4't E]<:h:'i?.i1t?ia I. z.Xi.s i?#'dd q-axis Ci1.i::'t:?#.i ;i'c'iiQ s:i.bsii3.titialN' low ripple toiEFel:i I~3fhoi7:t PWM
c?puno,30111.
i...=pleI11+,:Iiuit1onS IFii b 31.:E?::eih'c:lallL avoid the hc3iF3Fr`33'.aL
.: ~f_'.ctioF7. i.?i;<' saii3 <..,t<?:ineig V). ~i#?.pl: ;3_i3<`F :?<Eli>sm:`t): PWM
<?,L?k.'.i':leii:)3'.'S l?Ii ttiC: AC drive. For txh s ri2'uty `<3Q, t,Cll:itiv13d in >mIa< by tdi1.'ii'lg N of the curf'eiTi wcive.ft?4rf3s that <''3..Z'.f:.fi<.?`if>.`.zifl!' phase shifted 7 w;>i,I'e N is ffii; Sei IIEi~:#3TbCr of three pi?ii4G' ?i+'#i3d1tTti}. 1.nh wid"tC#ii~;
3to1r` be d;;?4'm w1- a cC17: veI"ia~x .}li=t[ is, iia.F3:[3;l#?g 3I
sllbsÃr:t3.i1:i1llv fu.ii .3etti;ks sE G m<,' l:?-w ,i?Et,.,.C v='ld:i:}
35 modJ1ajFoi3.:rLq3.s.',#3i:'. wid is injecting hi`zS"i;F?<`)::3ic.
currents.
~3y :#_i=ht..ii.t4;. N oa-the cuai-eni vvas: that are e(ea:,ti=i..,ialy ph.is~. shifted by Ãn3N;, i3:i3n,.bG,3' of three 3d3,xse,~ti #iadi#;gw, the iiI3.TAEa.`,:[3.i:
i;313;'I'ei3ts can be Su3SÃ.u#F$d<:li4 irfiiig<$Ãf,t;, Ai`of this phase ax?Fh is tihi?wn fia. FIG. 6, wh...fu ib<
}lst3... Ti?:. :.C:,#f#p<..+lae?=Iif:i c.ince! cmà ur, i;.# Me (61111) iot~~poner#Ã. For 54 <4, M:: first harmonic :.ompomm?:s vvoilif:l be the 23rd and }.a 254 As s:..Gh, Me e.fkt,t#vt~' C-Eir1."s=_"i3i Wav4~fo.i?1, we;.it:A `:`i #i?}et;i-.c3E, #.i`>to Ih:`iIait; i', may ;Ii$ .-- a much lower 11W l'cilils:s t~ii3:ii ÃS'"p3i4c'il :t.i: d fie$' th#"S.'.' ph:iS0 bridge weavC:t's>xiÃ"3ko, The -vol 4gt' Eipi~te f::'eqi3i'.ncy on a F:t'#a#:i3 D1.'. i#.i?.k (e:g=< Ãhc vi?ltiw'e bLFs t i5) may bc, wi?v,ne ::t=y is :.1ie 113ax3:mi.#.i31 :3 .ivil'c kcqiIn{`S' of the f=õe33e#'aISi, this would iFozf#"f:ilJ,j`
be ii'. i.re s:,.a:[',-: k#i't>.3L=#":z range fo#' s, bigh spieis F1ai:-i'fF:ile, In some t=?.tEa:.ip:es fl`tc e x CoE? i}.~{i.icitii::.: .Y4O '~Tl .,. .~ 1f)aC a Enm4.?.t.is4it?n qiial Ity of the DC l.ITIk.
FlU 5 shows c.3# e?s:e3'13p3i3F'i' h,tF~7 tip4cd !~_i?õj3 p4y n~v,. t gt;t?< f <ZÃ.it3#-1 tia &t.:n: (H..3#`~-~.i US') 500.
'ile H;aRPGS 500 includes a pc#zvee stage 510 d3pumlg in a. <,eaer.:~.tins :uode, '1T2r. ,?z}wer stage 510 Ã.i?t:lides a hli'ii speed pT3.alit'. mover 505 lE;d a ;:paci zih#t"ti.d,. split phase 4i'ii3i$in'.Ãx sÃi:Ã:i?I" 505 4v#Ã:.? N :: 4. N. one :mi3Y3Vi, t'he st;]tt?#' 515 4.i.3"i ?x1C ~li+~e w:ii1d.1T?g :.C#IAfigtfi.?t.oIts as taLscriC,7i_.d. with #t:ieI'.[z..e to I AG. . I#1 one eAa3:?}.?l5:, ti3:~:~
stator 515 caia Pr;kc4:i> the :$?..`i iiln:C'.<~l oT ci>y of the ~z.t]SlC' :7.S3r'=F 505, into (.lect7xcc7'I c;:3q4}~,'~0', 'T'I?4 sts3iC3r 5 t :` is 4`.s.l#?li`.Ci to a ,3i w':F
i:iiElc=es91i M ae.g. 52;). ThpUw eF' A?,.,t.~ ~tz~Ei~ ti[kigi 521) c:i31 ;'i?cc.#'vi pi?werfF+3... Ã..ic ;Ã.titt?i' 5l,-51 and dtÃ'l:3:>=: electrical energy i's !.1.;'ttt{il dc'.vii;;s i.t>i3t1et;ECd to Ãhe power p:"E?G4s:.i?'i~ :iti:~;=:.
52().
20 Ifl cs:'=ni?3i3 the P#"3.i3ze :i3:i7v<:~3's 50y i.ic:y be sL~,3i3Sa3Ã<,i1 ~e?:i3ti t4v stator 515 by z$ gay ...ce ga^p, #2my k i:Ri:d w1Ã:l3 fis.:;i:t.id:, or gi}:a!5i.s, or e.l :h.`.a".i'..;?, i3af?t1G
i,x<.a.;pl . a at`. bi`v,,%6..en 111e #"ot<?,~". and stator rIa<3y b(;
Pfitit?.~iy or ~`sxbwt.i,?.Ãxi3liy xifflC\i wi[iF, air, #1vi^3<iFia. #'1#:#'i;t oõi, hyd#"sgeFl, oil, or a Ct?m.]iYf:3.'Ã1i?12 C?3 these l?# o.h4r SLi32ubic materials in #E
i#:q3?=?t3 Phi:s:'.
25 iiI i?3e aL.pict.Ld example, the power pT"Z?+..C?Ss.ili~t`..g 5t&Ige 520 i?'#,.:,lLEt'a(: lflxitricC:s 525::, 525V 525c, 525d. Fa;:h of Eht f.l?e3`si'3,ces 525t?-d is L;i?n#"iC.i'.ti.i to one of E3.ir.
1`i#i.i?i>;; sets >. the ;i#:<a'{?i -5: 5. T,'.i.: E?C?wi'i }?t'oi.t;:sseni` staLo :) : 5 1#:ii:wllidG=s tw, .t3 e2:aa: DC ;:3f?,k-ti 530. 535. B?tli cf' tf.... DC lsiiLs 530. 535 ai-Q ct?opl;el zsne of t1?.::.,uÃput: ports s,f t~le ;W.<.tch iaial.T#cC:s _S }.''a-<i : x;7ui1`,vv% the :z vs'i.<%h.~`i:?<dt.rIs.:C',ss z?i<:C:'?I?:ilt'.ceeYi.x? pi?#'a3.liL3. to EF3e D.k..` >i13k:i 530.
io 535. In <3pcEat om:i, thc. ~4'IEc.> >.i3aÃrices 525{i--d %.F?7. iea3:; ve AC power fi e?.31 ,c sf<?:ts:i. 515 and ,.ti?.Ãp1ii DC a:so?;.,#' m:i?'Ãl3c D(,~ .3334s 530,.535. IT? io34ial:i3 ;;iTtp0-1e i4qjks:'i?ty i?fth'.'.
p~.swSõ' :I`;IFa~s caii;: k, dei rOfiia.d f:^<)m, the pt?wei' Aar;G 5 i;? ti?
$:hC, p+lwei' pi'.ce4::A?M stage 520.
Thc ~`s:~;. 535 supply ,Dt" potve# to a DC d:istt <but:io ; ystein 540, l?'r tIat:
dCi?i4t:4' t example, t.13C: DC ;isit"#.bEltat?ii :?yh#'L;m, 540 t11s:l#:idC:s 1I3'L'e..tip}i= DC-AC i,E3[#v<;.~Z..s 545a=.
35 51Ã57-1 xl3'id 3.~'.`.i t;piL' DC-DC Cso#?:i`t.i'tt'i4 5503 550:i3, hn ;i3,!'P iG ;~=f s = the D1:'.. Y'~,~_`
converters .:A^<w 4ii> can i.`..nJc:[i DC power .t::'o7I1 ÃhL~ DC UrtkE, 530 ;'135 into AC power 9 . . ~
:FTpi?rI '4,iF1i'?iz.s, A~~,. iis4'3.(;cs. If? Ei>?s each c:?f the DG.AC
+..vet`tc,i\ 54` , 453t 34 `wir..p:vLf :t? :i Qi m:i;7f.i3Ca`>?liw AC fift.-# 555<. 7:D5;#?. As shown, the A,(_ 61tti.a:j _" 5.iit.. 15t:c:.':la:i :,l-:pis, lt 3-<ph4ss4 AC pt?w;:r t?f#Ã,-+ui, ...t. ai AC power a: ti(.) 11::
.>: '60al.a. tvii?>. z.n.:s, va ;`.F#:s:. Esf 480 V to 6`_~?v V. Tf?(. DC-DC i::a[33i ft3:..['s 5453-545?A
C:3:i#'i:i17c.l1!do S#:G,:p wp converters o3' step-down c?I3vk;;: F' ~,' 5i?3??e exr].'~.npFtt35, ti?e DC-DC'+:;i?:f.i`et"L;.i -545:i 5-?=:?Fl a.~:n supply i?Z?4vF:i' to DC
i3.pptic,a #o.su~; #nng the DC power i;:t ,li~:~ I)C fi>ks 535, 540.
I,. .,S_a~x' v `>.:?:Fi`?l<-=3*.?t'at>iz1oi`xs, tiFO power gi'oceASiPg s[atp 5-0 Ccw iF'_?t.k3di a ~.11t:# a b#Fchgi;
:235#?~ta.ilFwFlfF3.#:`.I.4r :x.a ,<<~'3ÃE:~?
#"c.,i.fi''w, w;t~"o. :.hc" pCsZvc, :S?i?isFl.t513.i#:~ i:[3il1pt:3nal?t;i, In some FF3..wIcws 525:I d can be :ii::lvo sw.:i.c?, #`.Ã1's$ftEi:GS. Exci3tpEc#F'\%
i..inbt?d:i#2?t.'3:1ts of a "Y'qt.'~nF foir Dc p3sv"c'f' or n1:`io? i:iig using DC power are desi::.a=';ed I2? U.S.
Pi<?vis,i?I?al :}a4i:=:#:i AE,pliCk3[#oi? 0~3 g~'~3,1233 <:i]ttflQd cE#'?e:i'`y Ci?fl:s?e51on msvtif.E.'~P3C b~a` AE?r1F3_l, et nt#õ 'Filk:Ci on {027'`2006; ai?d in U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60'864.882: ctat3~lea-l' r:#;c#-zgy cU#"i'v:orS#r$.a sZ,~,FL.Yi" by A:i?#Y7iid, et A.. .~~;.3i..d on I 1 '08.;'2(}06, For p3q?6s.:e4 o. xF~, l,..,5.?<afii';~' ex.3i?lA?1s.:, f.".o 3i#~Ui~`~l#i~.S of T:?e detailed description r?ot~i3.F?.i?s, K7i;.`#d ,.:i3# FeNpt3.~3i:?#F34 ,gaa..b `#.:"i,'m ~ s 1.:e >L: dC)4.aE1Tca ?., {Fn,~ 3t?+,.t3r4?l?#"cat'.d h;_`T'fi.IFi by i'f crfi i3ve. To fllt; 0:.~.tG*.~~.~: any p iF#~Fc F3lc`3r fe-a:F.1?'c s are L~e,icS.>ba,v ?I? the }F'?<:[>ip[?3e;.:ei3c d1sG;:C,aUrc",a5 iff?%pi#nant.l1r 43E;ce6`,F3#'4', #.Ã:131~f bi F#i3deF',tF?t>d 1hat .efs::F to ;hai i,.'~C?C'.i.tf?'F?: t3: and Lti'ta i3:C3 intended to apply ~<1 all t':i?l,`.od3...'ii'[1.w disclosed fFe:e3:il.
g#1L'. l4' i..? C3: o:as' #i: t S?:il#~i $~1 ~3if:f2fi I3i< .~#:tia~S h1al? spced pt;.:+if?ifllE:nt 133a k'CIiS:i':3ii?a1 can izE~ %.litsS#.fiG'd based cm rotor c(}f?sl#"#,if-t3t3#.F, such ::i;j axial f?' ,iidfa.E E3p PN-1 xi:tFi.:i":ii.t~.S: ~'af' t..Y ;:,:.~3lC:, l'i#.i~... ill +.;ii3,~ .~ ~'~ 4 {
#Fii"i?:f ~.~ :.:2i3 `. used 3i3 ii?g~FC.;' 3r#S~"C i'tzf#E?h?~ ~ 3.Mti~
C3t1 rotor dp:,3;i3'.cs. .11.1 ..C3a11,: ca} .?L`dIiT?e#).`i5, rkFdici~ PM
gu"`Ik:?'caEf:3I: ci.Eii be go.Fpa.i in,w ti.iF'~~:F~:e 4?lt L3."+3t oa L#::T.?L'xdC:"d n31<3gne: +ea?L.f"s:tE?S\. itLF#'fi3Cc ?:?L+tia tt: FIM are cost i.f.f.ct:l:õ4'>:';
E11is AIY? #li ;" Ãij i3i<aS?LF act#i Q than embedded magnet based :;C11e'7:3FoF':i: ~:f3 so3..3C? ~ ',\<3~F3~'zC' , 4E#rfkiLC: 3.s;?i>L:3a=. a sleeve to pi'l?S''l:di- dw, ?;(JqLI1rt:d l?iFf.t,xE3:2?Y~iF and <: solid rotor C:*:} '` i~~ >, t. .:c~4' ?it~i Y'':.' #:E].C.?'w1Ss i~ radial af1~Tf1G~5S. ~)F~..~.dZ.:. `sfi'i.t.~it:t`.a' C:e?:i? i?i:=
used for cof?t:3ii'li'F3`; thi. ;.a3.:FYT ret p#ccc~~ at tli>,, hlgi1 i'i)tc1E3.?,T.:o_ii spk`,cd;,. FtarI .:xx?:=iple, :;i:#E?:Fe 4i; i?.~~(.~s.~; i. " 1Ã:<, ;,1Lc.Ves of" me:n.b#i3:nL: , : :i?4' t;FcI;..de L.ttl?<:t" a hight strength ?iC'.kC:l bi s~ 4 <3 ~, a ~.~ .~. S ~t3ti õ
~..arbc?:n f3bi;' maÃc.n4il.
j ~iF~ SI~.~:~%~:~: ?;cw.v 4F~.t~~Fce i3i~#.~~ie:~ Iz}~'~ t;~,.~#c.:.~?t~~t L:~<~i' it3i.l..z:.i i 1MMH:.T
znctLtl::=F.3zz3.i:'-:r.Ep than Idi~: :in :iioi:Y'i,d P.~' a:
,#_.',e2*t:i'~.~f.oz dl?i: to fh' ~.' sifdevo .;,.t.,c#'3.iFse(i :?3i?:tr7,T1e: `,:.xzF..kiw34 #'cqu#:F't=d tC? ;=o1t:-G an i~qT?at{i3..rft amount of flE1;S f;?io[r;E' thi; xi3agS;:[' raci g7:tF:e3c #`,.ap. 111 s`{?io z:xc3Fi3pl", a larger ifl'aig#3C.trc gap can pi"t?S'id3i bt-Itt:s L.tSF1dr'fioi"1:?<
3~: ~~7' L?f#i#L#:Fi.f 3.$ il ~.v t?Gi3.,r".Ing:;, $hL' generator can F.c3#il fl:ln: bs"..F?i'<fiF:i of u: .,?l'2>t i s:4.to#13.. ,.n Smn.,. em:=T? 3ies, mag`:FcIi& ?bG.ii'3112:? CcfP1 c3"pe'ra..t. st ;a;gt`i'F' yp..t=dS :: S,li less 3,sw :3a<ti ft}
certain 'stpt;S tt, ?1:Ff:<<3sF<3I?i{`ai `?G;F:1"#.t3_:,s. Using }IigiF speed PM !si~.El:T:?xi?Fs', a gf.I3<..:<,Ela;' ~y4Et::Y.n can be coe::iiumC.:(:C. ,d. -vkiih a i'edvicUÃ3 ?Y.Ai;3I3 w4..#w;hE, higher CFpt:r%i$?B#.i? A#t.FGrYs:=i?z reduced i?a a3>att:;ac.I#t:~c %'efid a m7i3llC%r cF?vt.lC:?p4 lh.?.ft a C:7Eits_:?1i3.o;icf~
To ied. Ã.e the losses im h1gi` Spt;~'~i<i:l geneÃ`7ioI's,'ht SvSEe:iF_i 100 .,i,#.d. 07:e'. 5i30 t:->,::..
for exa:in,Ic:, include N svts of 1i11l ;a.itc.lz, #iI.= pl.iase, spaÃ,4._;ah fti:.t?, ;~p1#.i-p?i<?sta winditigs .Ãor ei~4-sLv33?~? t~,t~3~iÃ.,`~':)I3. ~i'.. N ~~i3Jsi5'F,3 ~~3 Z:.f,` ~~#35t i?~iG 4 wlTi}e kt..'tpiI;.- the i7:1a34h#nv :;3s1e:? ~C.3 a :..~,in#:i>'i<]l .31" fFcbzc4in,~, h3I'#33i3F:Yi in the air gyap of the I3-IZch3x? .., Ii? :^'sr.,ti #'C;l3 #-vi2y thin, low loss sill:~C3?7 ,~EG::3l c`s:I>
b`L'.= EiS'd t:? C-oIF.uEIII
0,- lc3..5r.:s 117iÃ:IÃ_`F. C`. F :;f:? ftci[3eI1L y _lp'IiFild?.IF. U`In=S
finhe Oiw:.Iaid:=.EFl a;ic^nys.\ I FEAi ioCbEFEqui,'=`,i :i?:i.i ~: -UhC~;i::s"d. O3\4.d ;i:C.Y,9?.. #ani3 v?1'.id method, rotor lsfSsc:i (Ru:%: to Ã.:dÃ3y-6:i3rS:%.'i3.1 t..:iti. 13e F3fedSc::t.d ka7"".:?:r: a Yi:.=ie-sFcpp!#7 "', t'ot<3Y3 [3g' 'i'it.~ In sÃ?.t31C: 0=.tsf,.ii, a soWniS3n can be a}bt::EF:Fed , Z, w.:kk a ~lLt. ix #..x #3 #. i3.I# . TIc3lf s? w#El1Cti1: Gd?I?tiidL`L#F7.t) .ItFcil sGgI7 ntcii s}Ia of .}Ii _#2tj3C:s <d3:li:I
ii?e electrical ; Sti.li.il.}I bei+v+"uL3A a4jcfi.f:i3C magnets, or a -m<.gi3Gt and thc: s.iFi1ft.
.1n oiw 4xiiF.i3pli=;;, a finite clwiy"it:.k?t analysis tool -mf3.3` bc- used [C3 rs:C``L=cto. the -"-=md;.":z,!
~?It3tt~ti t?b t~'Ii FSi~'Ã?I' ?+~?~.~~. O~z?rb#5n. ;ibF F 3 in zF p(?1 t*eh(Fcthilk+.'=.i?I1~ (PEEK) I3(a::i{ iÃ2:h3d.: th~
efl+;t'#: of zt?3Ã`i' EC13..p:.#i:fi'i3't, ciS a t:ITii; di:=pei..d.t:ili 'S'a3-r#:.bti:, carbon fiber I:t.._.,?o,?, >.t.;..3 wi3:idi1:F?' fied. ?`i1s ; R#Indi?F; HfÃFCI'.rfit:I of the !'(?i;f3' geometry node by sii:sdC`, c".,:~o3{ac#:F#. to p>'iS'Yade - a Sy~te'Ã3l ;[n?di<'l;
2 >;: The ~'>.It.: ;Aa'eisC:i fm3ni;; by i3.tmllllg :.i ITIe`:}ÃAt.% may S3i;: 1:I?pllt to z? ;4..?~..SS t{'i>~ lo, :.+.Dt.t'.;: ir... Jvlat.na; Af4ssQ:+ in th.i', #`ol[?r .2si`sF`F_I)f;
operation. frl?c fC3tE?# E.%1:; bà ?I:'.s~_~ 2=~ t?vi_::I' O,:;w= .3i#i3g at?Tii,EiE:?#1s. IT1i'~y:3.d:k3lh fo etas?:ple "?<?1'I3:it'i<?l t?pa::C'9.i3:iF Spk..d.: at vatii2:Fs .L.....[ti`=F'rAlda'L-`S e3s, N3 e','.ll k .a a the C3.'e#'-spt:i;al t;onthtli4?:i LI#7dH# i a .'k='.I3 ffx tL=LI3P ... <3ilfl'i'~s.
Ii3 ?n+`. . ti.C<3i:'xpl+v, if FE;'! rC3ti?I` dpii3e+.:iC: software package -ia be i:::t,<a to :3a..tt.J 1:e the 25 frt.e i:'i'`.t i3:.1':.<?a".i.. i:L:qlif ..c.''s i3EFd IT.ltfd'õ'=
\};4Ãpt,.'s iff tiI'G` gC::i:i:.tatÃ).r. si iTit= soli:#El?zF appis.3z..Lt.>
l?.~~,?thÃ;`
F): :s itF :.ki3.lo? tEx:= ~Iwa aI7Ej inertia of a defined area to create the v+s4 ?:;~, 11, iFoC.:' xi'?
etii'S:iwe t,.w by :.17<3sti-l4S3 :?'L-`=aE31.''~. magnetic bearings aFm modeled i3.s, C 4;:.i3.21= sE:sp;)i.'si"{4 ~ci?1.ti.F
~~ #?~ i'i?:t?I t t?I] .1.. i}'~ 1:1i t?
<31:id 'I'l?: ?3i<3gmÃ::i:i:= bCt: ~Fl~;". u`+t.i.l am this .c3d.c I st ;?pf7f bt.3i'i? ,? .`,i?t ti: ~Ti~~,;:F' iT.1ti.~ of the :33'1~e:
F~i?Ã`;. a :iC'~?rIS 3tu t3i'.~~.i4fiw thrust ~?4~~;~#.I3.i9, ,?:I f~.1M~
a t f ` a i oii~ z ,ca iippTti) 3I'.af ~r i'lf it5 the <.xo- =F_.tD7 r,`
U l7tF~?~t'i~ t:~xÃa. ,.C: t>1:# ?C3: ..1~~ ~sl's:ilry axial : ~ .~1#]ay A
.4., ir7~#.i4. .;i,.s.
i,. Irt 3?i; sht?sea2 L.?t. c.Ei3 bL= ?Tis;9s! M#:=d as a i,>xnftli ve#'et, wG'.3.`rl];.
In iaF? i.,~Irs~e. :1`t.i v'U em':3T1pics kt3L'. i3ti}l Ti:1wf Wc igi't`t :2#l be t)-vOT 21,1000 lbs .Irid: (<-F.e bc%;i'it3~ns spill3 ei.'.fi xi?'?I?.i?t! 6'2 inches. I.~`.;[ I'ottF.I' .<.f? have a first :k:rF'i.xi?<a#"i.~ b:;.'.F3d PF~ iaFo{3a ;t?~U to ~'>":i4~
mt.m;3"f3t?.. Ãi pcv# #:I3g :7pci:i:?f Wv ; wnma1or. 1t? ;it'771c.
:xi4T?;.Pl:ti, d.*i e`.3.1:iai .t:,-m#.I?g F4 added it3 3+ Ãtc :It'?~i>I rt'.,s12ft I3s :n a fi.:mi fol'wiira be53d:t3g nnmt'3e of 21 {J29 ~?Ii2., which h', z !'% c.~_}tZ'~. i illl3r3'C:d fauwzti .oF over ~,-,p<:t;t` of I S,O'i}O i'p;:Fl, L.FSS bt..:1k<sow#-} ;~Yi3~' s>k ~?lIÃ:i3 i ti E~it; i i~t~Ti?#i?tl?i74~1~
~1]i?c:vatli~2 Ef}f?~ Ã~FS~E# , Z: F2~~1~
A x?i.F3:Fp"~#~:t~. ~ ~= ~.?~3i`..3.~:L:..t.3` #..:l~i:~S:'a wa l used to 3..
'Y;' x:~t'.i<fE[.f' \ 's 'vF3'f0.#~""~: #31L3:z.i~#F3,;; .T r' w~?.?ia..., T~
'>..aF:..~~- ` w~' ~ t?~'~:.~ E~3.t. ~F C, c7,LÃ,.
o2nii ct3l?liL,, 3acke. ;:ti dee3^"n1n~:= Ei?i correct I]1aS> fl4.11F
:f?qB.fiFC;d to mc:aalEi3an a .nm M..pw.}':lii`a:e ot ,' 50't: at 40 :." ;3mb.ic=uà per cosl irzsul,f:tion and carbon i;ibs:.r.
A si:p4z: 3_~'~ uk3,.'.nU:i7i cE?ol.i#.~,~~..~, .1acket wAEi~ a press ,lt tz}
diC= stat:`.y back .f's3n p;}li+ Ã?tlt 'Sit:iiE $hio.3gi.z. f: ?'. c.ti:'ir=g3"y'c.~A. cooling flSS23=': C3[iisf8l3 3f# flow pulls hCaft out Ã)f `t.iw end turns, also air is eC?rcGi.} (i 3~ f3~ E"r ;l.:: mud s'tz3:;k and 3[ ex#s}S ffirf?#.Fgh the end Ãur.'~. ::3ot}s#.}?; o.',.. Ft~k~F :^;d'L' of hif~. ni-:=3:F~.~'~ii:~>#`; T.~.iti F3a. ;, required ~'i?3 t~it?~1i3 1:i1e air S?FE~t and t:.i~. ~.t>Ã#E~~ tins t?>:~Fa.~. 3`ii:i7:'.
In mw e=.nplarv en.~bÃ?uinmi1, a sc.flwti--i:lo~.~.i, 100 kW bac:~ to back .
tiyt,mui irtxl7 i'3.c cEtl"ISiTi;ai'.d, I.F3 one O:Ct11]ipit.', ii;l:3IÃii"
C33``'s3 g'f,'ilz:'rz3E<`#i i::n b4 w=i3affi)a;?`ed ,vft?;, r' -c i'r:i~ " ~- >~ '~~ a o =~
LLs+iiS.Ãa ; .;sll.~~,; <~.E~ 4~?.i. 5~;. ~ .+:ial$ J,F)~Icl~Ã'= 4oiffl~ise .~~ ti~P'1.1+~:I3:1}'Ã:. ~3i3 i~. 5~.= C~?i.c Fa~~=3s`=. c. S~
stator t)f a ii:kotÃ3#' CaJ.i bC :?Ãii GE by'ldt C.l?;3vt=}?E3f?Ii%l .iiFGE}C2EIi33 pileli wii$d1n,._-z ,õ. ('v 413 k;mE::
eT}.boF:3e;:e,iit:#, dibc :i¾ii3.o,.'S cifx# i,iiv<: 24 slots and #-Il:_f"y' i:fSe a 2 pL`le T'~4i ...Ã :1'F.d c7i:.St'e".ti 3't3<'tid wwc.,-:;d :i.?tor. o ~Ic:ir.ta=i4Ã~~ ~~~hasc .,llift br:evei:n adjacent :di3ss is ij' wtiiF:i- m.wy: b;;
,Ã':
~z tqi#F4`i3le i>e ti ,:F.Y'#.w~.~t.4d 4t, , slz)E., 4 ptÃ;~ t:w f}-.F ~'i_?i:ae 4 "m:?(;ili#n?".d3ts' `e.bt: stator of ffit.
f?f=;.v.?ei"iili?;i E.F<)F=:ri>s:.1 o:, 4 wl4 (?. 3'-IFhi3s<' w313ifie1g,. 1_.3i af W.TldY.;' :'*.ci L.'r.ie zT:i.;udt:'y for L.XaI13~ic, 3 phase sE1Fgle-s1<1E i`i3_ I-p1Ãci.. w}3:t'~..?Mf:a t?ci.'.l#pyzf~g 6 :ShE.:4, For .';S.aFIIp::', each 'w#:i2(iEi1 .:.; set may be rated at 400 V n`.:f34. 25 :iV :3.#. 500 ffzI#'t :_m.:thfdr cml.bod#n-mm; Fimu. N-_5..
20 ~#1 }:' t'. 1133.?~ ::aGlEc3~ i?Il~. d.i` stator li+`.:= LÃsf`:.figui'0'd wifh 5pl1l }1h<i:4E' i4':I2Ch}.:;
:at.}ltt.'srii:inia rs:.ad'i%dL Imig i_Ilie, ti:ii7s i'd:iiEEvc to a2 ft:#.ni+)nt3l E?.i.d} Sti.ftL?Ã-. Il3c. d..ffi:ikl,cÃs i t.y ?"st; E.i"ti' i.x'a.s.Fplc, lcs;s t4a#s 13{}ff an ,.f?cl z, f[?i' i.2%aIilple=
ef~..ii thaÃ.~.--ph:fac V3md3f g S: a Ii:i<'3y be fe4da.ii z t. }r ti~8 diode F'f~1~:v e~LC.~i~rLd', each r+~'i~}i :.+~ low f#:li~?FÃ-f.1~i`: 4i3~?a:fC:i'~F~'i.. i:3C` l:,.~.:. =~ ~ki:t, ... a~3:v ~. .a . . .. . . . s`}"EtIna:'+ i?J. Er}c k3s.F#` mc.KifF.'.F'.a aE'c. coupled, G:=ithi:;i' directly or un a F..ot.?f'?F'k c3 i8"M4# .}} Es~tY~=i?f r 25 into i?1Q ..tmumo'S? DC bus i3#:d coe,i2t.x..:Gd to a DC load bi3rk Ii3 s.t ;.?k 4.Y.f`i'i's:f¾.aeI.i'~:a, fl_L
I?ia4 :;G; ,.p.3pped F'sil.?. several Ihc>'->aoCc+l#-,i`>lC~ for the temperature i) be #t3E:cfs#,ilÃ,d and :t.f.<?#Ã:i:
at dlfife=e'#:}l lE?Lal>t?ms s'Ey11: 3~s #l?ca. sli_r b:3+<k. 9Si?Fl and ti?o't~:ll tip:
`A-71:1 show t.-Ã'.#:t}pha}"}' t3loE;e of 1:C>trl? zivildi#`z}nf2LF1 i#'aI34Z, f:..x dt F1s3.Ã:S' in i:tie c5af:
~a..Ia'.i> f.# a~F`i" La ZS i~ti3i'2 'Fa. ;ss~ { F " ..
xaF~ i2x>z? z#:i3ti ta,.F~:i'iE~. y:~ :~:1Ã~~4''rx in ~`~~ . 7A, plots S>~);
7?3 a N ~ I wFEl3 fractional pitch ti,Oilti. The plot 7'00 shows a ;.}4.i ffF=.F??,.`b..E#(:- ME\
dt,IitiEi:S=:: }:i. :.`_is: 3 3 gap :F)i:'ludl}3v thE% cf focE E.~. S I.`,!
4111F t.I'ti. '.il'F]ta. v::;i'}ti1t:ti3n fo} flb.o. ~.~ ~C:= Ã3: 1'i?v'#f3`?
N
pitch c.?il.a. As sijc3Wp ill Jr'JG. : Br ptot S , ltr ;: ~~~ aaf>.~
<?~#l:~i:i3~:~~ u.~i:i~~: a wiading wid} N - 4 with n:i3 pi#.c.~ co.ly. 'r1ie pli;t '140 3hf xw,, a : =ri rm,;~.Ut:~: ~~ci.~
dcnk}I~~ in `t>:E'. i' gap 'F3.w.Cl?#.fa'~3`i~' the L.ffiwv~.Ã3~1 ;3~.1?tt:tf}:::~i"E~: tF1"Fl.` 3%~`~S r if:}f~ia.
35 11)t: p.t? 2~~+ <'3.: il tbe pFi3 x 7CD~.~ 52?o?w f:Ã3A :f-s 7,25 705, ''f.Stx~Ufiv4.l?'. Tbti;;kns.:<s f'.if ^,i:Ff::
LFi .%Ã 5 M. ;': =:'',*=1T t.Ss`?!13 a flux ripple E~1<`2: E}F..` F"t?~t?F' ;;f`4s and f;L?nsGTutyntlS+ :'o: sf .:osyc :r in thc ~.~
s,LcvL, inat;,ads and: 13ab. 1:1 some examples, a high flux #-;:pple may induce hi . :cr eddy cf3a~?'z=[?i Uit ' sc?V31i;.~'~ i?Yli~a h.d't. A:i shown, ti]i:~ fitix rir7pae can be ..i:tb:#Ã wnÃ;.ally acdiii.isõ;
fo; {tf,N 4 333 i ..:. plot 71760.
FIGS; 8 shC?!=~S plots SO4`#, 850 of exemplary -hFFb Jo~seS of d~1.eI'ei.:i:
? C .>nigi;rv.Ãic? n~. "~"~ii: ~?3c?. ~~.~~~ ~~~~~w, .,ifn losses with di:-1e?
r zit wind1mg Lz i:t?gu afif?ms. Iz:t the i.~t,p..:tel. . X<?x: t?,i;, Ãi:3e w3.11ClÃi3t, ..i;i3':fi; ,1i3aE3t?1'iS of an N-- : fractional p}Ec.ra t.L?IFfi f a-aEiL)#i. 4't;e. N== , f3a53 pEtG), :1:iN_Z~'-'~ Iffill pitch 4o?.:ifiF:'1fFadE?Il, itild id.7. N-=4 fEli:f p1lC:`iI :.t?I~:(figtii'i3:i'133::
are 4hC?w.:. A iFxÃ? ~: .?.= 15 S~Ã. J.t?:i" the N=. . firad:=titi3tt4'#:
pitch {:=ti#I."#fig?.tt'aY3t3n as a bztif;l?[?t:
l..''. this f,Zail:1isl4, ;hC'= ~3iFis losSL., cti the N:..3. fLi~l piÃe`.h t.(?F2fi`~tiEci`':ifF34= #E3:` N--2 full pAi;a:
~i s{3f~ a~.Ã #3If? and the N -<i` ii3lip3iC:1i ~?I1~ ~~uiFii~FC?#I are ,.OC~.4 %, cit?d 2 1t3, m?p<.L..?4?~:?y:
A.'coidLf:g.i =': i:', fI3H pEl.:3'1 W#i3C.{inv.}, :.ti3nfi;;i:?".d.tim1 wiÃ:}i a I3uI13bcI of Z=4'I di31..j_,c CQif..3:F > ? ; ,.t=MC'.:i' tFI3Y4 two t.` : li'`.i`Z'.`Ssi.#cCi 33?..zFF 1otis, ihi: F3ioà 8 5?~.~ shows 1 C:i':K i? 1vr'#:~~ 'Ei?StlEiC3 '"1p~.?;.~ 4'xrfth d?f ,~iC'=rlÃ: tk'ilfdi:?g~
Ia, fl4o dc:r!.0ÃOC, .x:<i?]T3pit.; the Wil13::a;i3' ti=(?F?;.];gfiTe`#'tiot2s i>>'. N 1 z7~.~zLxiC?`: l i+3i;:l]. cis63'i#::?.fi`:ir;.ii-#Y,,, a:
N -I i;b..i p?id?. configuration, a ;'aW2 fi311 p3ÃGh i:=onfigl9mÃit?i3, and.
a N-4 ÃE.I;.l pitch ::f52-fflq~..,,d':itio:-'a :4zlit3>` y?~i~'4~"# <:+.~i3~i$?l~#.1':i~.FL?F? :iS c3 b xisF:=;iFIC:
v:;flm.t:.
iii Sa??'s~L..:. A i 2f? yS e?`5~: is ;i~=+, ~tL?F' i~.3C' NF.Ã .~.1:3:~:t.
I: #: ` ix.: `'F3; . , t.'S:i;a ?Jl5., -1,z>~. `=" 11,31) ~ losses at the 1`4!
~:?a~A =?lti:h configuration, Ãr:Q N--=2 U11 pitch õ
4kt xfi,gi.i,a[:~.>Y?K and the N "s Aa1l pitch i:t?#:iA3t;7.33"ae1o.i? .iiFS::
121 %, 7 %, and 2 %, C<'a~..~ F..rEv'L`l:s'.
Accordingly, a RFi'~~ p:??$3 E3. w:# Ll3i3g +..i`t3Ã3.s-Ti3,2'.iÃiC?i# W~th a F3lisi?bei of ivir?t>#E3g~ ~xraz.:: si greater 2Ã1 Ãi :1t? two cm-i yed:3ce torque x'i}~ple.
i-T_;: 9 -,,hÃ3w;, aI:, t;.Xt:=n3plu5% ioi">al DC dE," :[b?.itE;3?=t t3ee42'i :k 900 {C?f e.t'.; t?..-bÃ?st]"d apj)l?t3.#i?:.3., `flxu ?:G:'WOi3 90 0 Ã}:#e tr :xE?31 w {)f~' ~ E1. `?15 For t~ic.1:1~~~<';, each <?~. Ã~.t,:' 1'(..[?ti 905, 910, 915 c3;bG a distinct i1lm i.3f:3. Ski#p.
In some t:Ti3f?t3d>z::ii".ms, the :?4G# w(>[:k- 901) 11.4?li.di: two :?tfsh~sp`::t d #T3{i#:S3 geY?ez<iu?.S 92(1.
p:`.#'E ti#1d d:lc :4Ãcl;E?s3~rd sides 25, t3~? tE2 -`isef p1R3~~11`isFs-:i? #??~ic?di 930, 935 on, for ';~tt,xi{sEG, the t f~`{;, 925 f?4'v ~`,~" #C`, :~3f:. ship .1~`;.i'~,i,=`v 'SÃ`t.i.~.. f ~i of the sT1i). f~r,l<<.` ;1 ~`.. ~E:x? i e:tii~i?\ 5 can ;x;~?~~ il,y ~ i )=.
`~::, '>40i.~, 940c, Tilc 'ewÃvv't?#'k 90(~ #.ix::=fiUtie~ a back up IIS
geI3eT"r3Eoi' sy'it.t:rn 94ti.
i3t st?.fFAL ennbWh..ns>KTIu, :ii#iF3l...E iI~i:plc:i?:tt>T3Ic31.i?.i5 f:aIi.
be r";' 33l>i,fi?S7i3s, m?di3xF` 3oni i`#icte s, ai So3?t. LmbC?Ci i31 E3Ei tN~ cs4Ttc-t"sit(?n, 920, {L i3a b2 two 8 30 .~~1Wf .t ? i lt }1!.i~t.i 48 s.{,.1:!, ul.atZi< a#fl.~ 4 pole rotor PM \
ynt.h:i`\jt:olii~ g4.i5Lrawt ". EGtdh 925 C: -t~~:Y4wi'r3'~e'.is 9Ni', z~:~~ ii3 iyÃ:, for i'tir`#.i3:plL coupled to ?pri:tskii"; gc.~,, lui"'~.~1#3e:-, l31 si?#i)e s,?i:d3i)PIi:=S, ii>L SÃi:tÃt'+3" +;'t3it be wound Y i:ia spi3co \h[fyt',Ãi, ;Spl?t Phalss`.'=, i=4l.ElE3m` .3:''>
&ScF'#bE.<c witli Ãi? In 4{)f37a= e;1i:i3 M o-3+#asG w31?d1 ag sti. c<4: b=w t t~~ v i ~ ~i"' ~ L.Ã3.~~~.a ., ~ Sr~t `3 :i-;
4i=C~l3iZ :3a.:isi 1c.' ~v~. A~~t:liti. il.z~.r SYi'i E~~ :G, For ~:Ci3:?i~3lv, a~- Ã4 o" t l~: ~e t}:.w.
35 .+,J3...i;edtd #:i: Ã'#.irc3llO~Z m?fa .3!`t: fcCd]_!]j, < ::t:3-~Y3#ili?IF
'.'oit.i`~~bi1S 950.
`3;
1..: C# : r3:1n 37't?t piC.raell:clfit.237;:, the shl.-) li?aaf~;~, 940<: -, k<di E?4fC.E:E
t?Al'oteFa ^.. step d?i~~':l? ~a13.; S;.22L1s?3di3.; #iher.~ firt3l:i? i~'.tLh of ;he ll?duped:idwm i.i?I3i'i9i)5.1f> S?, t+.... t:?
provide 7"4).i23't# ;T. <_1_i3d 1iti?.itil sgri3%t27dls current ?~3t~~"~.
~:tF:3F1 OYr?E~:~ :~'i#., ma of E>.It: IiC.ew{3rk- 900, ;;3 SUlli<> i:''Cc3i?3A?e(:y, the zt ,?~~ti ~.iv'i`~.l-G:~ i::I~ i$%&? be ,~t:t~. from a i~.1i1~~='t.E ~ t..tlnn: ilz ciasc oi'a 2`a.iii;
~"::?C.~i.:.Ãp ~'6i~~+;~'zi#.??' JS'StE:~~'I7 t~5f) can be Iisi'=cl with 513~a. ~3`,-.1`i wiJ~`1r.~t}tiy,, fCi#" -u'.i.c#.l?i~;iv, a ~quF.Iiõ=.i$<?F' of I
N:~~' :~.x; at 1w,E~t 0 2~~I,. z~~ldccrl?fx~a.~:l~: ~~:~r N - 4.
lv, ,'I:e d<p-,<<ted <?mr:17ple, :Ãit- ~les;tlleal r?vtwc?rk- 9001 can xa cl.I;de om-b,<:rd ap 2:.:;it::ESiz:,", .SI.~r'; ~i - 4 dz#~l ii..~ ~3:r'i ~,Gl::C~r `tF#:ilt. ~a:!<'~4~.a C?,. :lli;
<?"CI"ifi:i~~lti?~"S {?1~~~, 925, 94 S i l :tl~i S 3 . ~';::i~ i.
r b? t:,, ;C: t>5fi ~rI?',, `~~s5, respectively. ~.? ~,. a[Z:il:iC
C:IT.iib?d~.'3i~,"tt~S, :i*~ rectifier ~"?I'.is'~;~aa .~~i5 .~`~~:;, i~6~
#~t v?Ii .:1'~.:;iSde aa-.t .i:cot'Ct'y di,3dex t:o iamd1t t}.ie high z;:i21dzdrnenCc'. i?'LC,tid.t?::t ofths;. 1>241ct3?d3-:;
(k iZ0 fl.), F"L?3 sh ivwe1 r%ltfllr.4 of Z='.~Uli of iliC: rectifier b# tig s 975. 960, 965 4:m-i d?'-Edftt:d power d;b?dcin by N. b, sE)l3'!e t;'t?7bC)dirne13is, the rectifier bridges 905; '96il, 9,65 can be air Cn:7:t3` C~I' r2.q13..d C:+??ttC',. 8.11C> can i?i, pfaa"` 3gC'.d inlo t>t?i' ~,eIl.i'ra:sir hÃI`:.:s1.i3;?. 1i'1 st?Sl'2=:=
i1t]"t?:Lx3?i,n1lc#:i<?3i., #:-:E`.= S ..3li:T'si:i?r package C;:i1'i iFi:l'side a i::?a1.~?'ca.:.Ã'i'Ed?'.~'w SoiEc3;v DC ~o-_`.?C:l'F3id`I
15 with ;;l?teggrzz4.t'd p#"d3tOt,.9or;, switch gw23r. ; and DC iTitE'2fati::
bus b21,s. AIe st?i.,~.s=` cmbwfd.i:,...42]t4; the ;I?Qt1y`i?~k- 90.~ i:am 3ncei'ade PIC2 ..i`C't:1've d41'icLS to isl1la.C: a ~'t'all.iwv 4C n31ti.#]L or zZt12.e is-Itkt C
C~t,irr:lt.":c3.3<~ : t~+.i ,~xf<:. i?~'i.:'~.~3. u~4'"'~f;=~::i3.
T w, i?::1.e?+`i)t'~ 900 distributes DC pC?wt::l' a.rd:?SS ti?c'. O?.l]:I. As ,I~~:`,~L Il, .:ai?: i i?,13:13:ix;I7.
vtDl:mwre Mo-S 9-Si...S ;?7_'.~ ~,>^c,poCi. Th,; c>'.i123A"?o3i t'i1tlagc' tt7e3S 950 4z?iI be {axe~.ded ctccihrÃ?I23o t? F,:v ~ .rr r r~~-:
2 i? 1Cr2?.':5 i~Ã9: z9:~t. `~~t5 'uS$31:; St~'it;ai I:i?tT~;~~ilL.' t~7~}i ~`i}?vC:, 970d, 970e, `s.~i. III oFIe.
example, 970a'f 1,.:.i:i: c,ect? 1Ca.i3 r' isolate i+avS of t3:'C, lone'O
905, 910, 91:5 `t116.,'.I: that ttt:t. _i?Z:i:wt?'k 900 i:t.tii be reco=if>gie md by c.dd.'PiS:~,~, :f2"id'C.I t'C'.I:E?l L3l?g 85t?aF3Eed z:33iN. 1..1 5?a:a';Plc.-, the Ia`..`1a:i=d tCs13i:`=~ 9Q' 910, 9 I._s f.3.n pr(?l'3.de S;v`v'`iE:l?,1 I':;.dL#i1dint,'4 i:2'ad fhmiH 11y: F(3f +`uNti?.3Pl., in #:<lsv of <i filLllt l2l t?11s: or more of the zones 905, 930, M; the p?Sd'.,a t?i' Eh.: 2:1t?f?rs-, 25 93ai, fr_iS, and d,e loads 9-40F: w t,sli: -,:I~l b~ f.C>d from al?L3fl.f.F :fd?d3i., In V4?:..s32:1:3 tati?
>wxtci::cs AaÃ:u:Irc 9,70'a-1f`4an bs:a 1j.aiciit'c'utiÃ3atal or b.idix'zofion.il sma:aco-nehtitLa: s~.~,~i.a.]?, si7filld )WC'. iC:li'c'; 0i' V3C. HikG.. ~.,^:Yi_23g the `'iwif.d:=3.F ii.tSj(.lu]t'.:
9,70i3--"i, ti'IE I'litwt f; kp. 900 C'.i3r. :1s3:'.olmw :3x'`.~.~
or 113C3rC. Ne.a o: t1 3 iiil i34 i7S the w`e3;C.F'seti?3 s 920, 925;. 945 ?'d'CaI11 .it; ct71 F'<.5pt;sixdl3z~?, p.`[aw eSS:iFtif.
Ãt2?di?ies, l3;':d;'.^.r to Jlzi,i?TF?.ecÃ: d.33".~C' or more l3i'i.cc~sI:i?M
I?it)dLIloS :3`C?la"i the .i?n,i gL ma.r 950. hI
.s.Lt `7tl,i'G` +;'.l?1lb8?di3rnc,;.:.t4. the aaetwi?I'k 900 Sab4tttnl3.ctlly ami#.3ia3.i. the <1.ti;it7i:fF3tti. .lj windings Ii: c}z.:
off i5i'sn~l~ii)3:A w, j,iL t?1< .:,ymml]tilg sets of w?l3uffia1,4 wId .i?:it5diliCS:+ s:Ã?Fl.tmxl:2s:: to, Ã:.>pu2 3,e as111;?-activ.'.hM switch #133e.lli:..::a; st`. itt:h121`i_'Ã)lli.rol ~3~aY? i~ti. In one C.x.l :np"L., In d':t..= .+i'CmE of +.Il?efi3?4,..e..rl#:r.. .:zie Nt{_i <iC,, tia w ;d1#]x`~..f;i, :hi:=
SVStC;aIl: C:i?.l1 operate w1lb N-;1 winding sets and the co7:E.Ss?z?3:if #'?{õ~, N > 't7ri:i. sli.`:g I:F3C"IdLll::,5. I1. `c?rxi=
!sC':I, l3e electric iEls,chiI'tw tma};' bC"
S~ ss_7. i.a;i`i'.d 3:i? <ai, i` . cirl`a,.3.; ict;Fii.d.f#.ii331. bl slilE?tl1e:r ixexl?1,3.4, th( , C.'E'i:a of G: i:ii:..+.I'ufn zt._. ."~t 1:
t.)3ti., of t1t.ii~ d?; Lzci`:ssmg' .a't:f s (C.g., CE?e 'to opvfi or 4ht?rt cil'4LiT.
in the or . i??E2'i~:~ of .-l3L sw1EchzL1C3L;L#le:? 970a .: may be >r3pLned to diSCt#7H7#tGi:1 .he fail[;d y3?(?d.y.+Q from LS3Ã: f-s'si.`.,1{ited:l `F #il.`'.iFtfY j",a tht: L, <;'h<Fi(s. s3Y?#3'f the vol1a4_e b'll,,.
In St?bfLL exaf3.p1es, the 31:twf:3rk. 900 r:at3 i`~.cia.ice i3.ai'mt`?nac lo.ss cs ~vifÃlc ,..;zv:i-- , p::,m,ve zt.c3ficr I-S3t'. .a#"3w_nf 33 a3t 'Z.ft?I"^.Y:i, With f73113A-'Yi:"il hAf'afoi3:i: t C?ti}3 3?~F'~iS ffil'i<s #I:E#, the a..`:t:"s-', I3.
t:sox3x"c E~I?.~?~ :i.:: .~c3=.-?i:~ Ox 4;Lilt?Iz3+i4.3' 9-.{,4.''}2_`-:3TLdii-+' 945 ci3Ii titS.?Ste.E.I3Fl illy ?'Z:dw#:: or 4~.l?.i"1:#.I2<i :', dis: need for 3 rI3 <i>:3cL: 7ctivc reCtlaiei';+ '#o i":di#Lv cost, sl.i';C>, and/or 4tuig,?t. For e:<%3E2:plt:, bLLiwAIt ? ~~:wE.t.`>i ~:"<iTi f? , ~3I~~lE:i :fiuuI 90ai3 v~-ht;3'1 going frC3S:i3 c..?=tn\?C to po*,h1vt; ,t.E[t3cE`s'.
Alad1ficmcilk', by C:liIi31.#li#Ii;3i' tiii; A4., D~.~` power %;teC1i'vt?.i:
b1:E-liX T..s`. block (NEJ3.~`!) 5;:.n, fl3' lt?$.d.
.t,snL';I`tL.3 (i?ecc3i3sC: DC dist..Ãl.-:.Fi3oi] Sfi 11;ri.d)õ cii'2 <3-va:C'iig: of ,1F.Si''tr #:E`. 40% 'ml.hc1. :''.=d3.ic;E#Ã?ai #:i3.
I ?:.' Wt'1 ,.z1:%S3.?L^ ;.:t; r.~e AC .l'e''.#3u..;wit3-i.? Lihiv:.5 can be t)b ,..11*ie(f, In 3F.lc +, .?feiTi plo;. oL..t; or I.I-1t?; c t?a d;c ;?e-1~.:#'a4Ft?I ~ i~, `3 '~?, or ~.`~~k5 can 1:i23'`. a ~'1`~:.i4 ?~
f;~T%1,~3~3I'{]~.iti? i~::~w` ~8". a Jt #igt?3 of i2r?P ~'i3xi#31ÃiFs';l5`
53' a 3soig'.'>t of E3pp!-t??;.lm:il;: w' 1865 lbs,. and a piivv<=T
;ens7i14' of <1pi3i'C? x#Iilad:elt 2-17 or .. 770 k i~~' f m'.
UY:iTi, IE=Yii;wrs, h:f+f ] t%.y:-tLi#2 7~ +~~~3i~f :`3L1- %t~,'z331~P.
a:.f1~ i;]w#:A 3"L1-:Tf3-Fig :'~i.3:i3.:
, T~f. 1_ i] ~l~ tib e ~ w::iT'i ~ t,. x Ã:iF2 33t; z3c a ~tr ~3i~;~i :~t3.aii 4?ici~'.3~,it.4. a '331{t ~~l< F' S~'~cbi,~r~b.~i~~I3t\~
~"r.: f-i;?`t<..Ii~` ~ ~ ~~ using 1".3s`ivS Fstli fF#-s. In cl : Mt1-4tnaF3i ? it3iplL'. a :oiigl7lv 2% hi, 7,1.t t~.~"a..i4:::.c;1 :<3F1 be ad"FnL''Z"i;~d ~#^a3..:g A;tass.v<, ?C.ttflif;',#ri {i3 Q;3 rr?aL'. I.3 active .C.ut3~:fiel''a', In St?:.~ie caaLi3tPli"s. sys3+:`fll eff.i6t e:f,5 ::aa result a;3 bLti'.r ti's"`.1 C.'ffiL i'Ri'.=S'.
1T-t?S'S:i' In S;_#3te .'11?~?t3+~-_#3:Ca E-. the gLnt:=rmt?7'~ 9210925 945 t:<iai it.3:i?t ). wider prime 20, spt:E;d range Z~i:iYtF i3'E<'1.13'4k.?l:.fl-,,g i:i?3"Ai-rC?l-leCi i?i3Ej9i:#i ;f(. :~ac .tb:Ad. point 4.?I3tLf'ta::8's. As, m:dv5oca:?:;3 i#.?ovc; 1.'.1.it?:".k W.0 i:-;., i3 be a fault LoloIi3titi 8b'il:e1-It Rit': ti? .h., I'd-.ifldmw~.' tNT aecfifias;i.
,r11L#?:1a?h i>l'.3' afii.i# tiTL nclw'o~~ 900 can lead Lo hi<FhGr system .3viiil<3bisi1:y (N'r i), :CCg3-exi:m,plL.. By .i \ iTi~'.y 1'tYi3:al ~s.3E "~:EL';#3y distribution nilCi 3 TtGll:fgi`.1t ,pC>.if.d st`Ctt.,a: fmamwg-kii:~.'.i'1';, S`'it~.~t? Pt'+#i3, f:i-.".o-'Ã:=s c.io, ,z.s:f:w'a', limited negative effLa i'+Tl sy Ã'L'1T1 t?erIoi'manCe since 900 '-il:. be di<'e+- ??'e<;:a in such a way tl:e3E enables iiLSi?Li3:it10 bypass C}f the (le gnrEadcd swEL?3`i.
In O~it S::Cp1=.'stLd ::xi3.,.3'.pl4, $},it i idit2<3sf~:f'~ WO, 925945 can have ;?cirallL=3 c-pL3:6t?E?.
i':3~[3r; a ~il~3%i-"-.Ci3i 316..2:3'ts'. iC}~?[7lii~?~%. In some #..:'Ca3..#i1~?$t ~, :lIi~. }?~"[3<"ii3Et 3 ~~. r t+~~`~
9.".5, .945 may :?ptic>mf'N il:=t:1#-t3e, t.ran..fmmer (.11'"k}. FIG. _.0 s,"b.c?~~s i~;e-,iphani plots 1300; E#_ 20, 1040, 1080 of DC t'3.&fm'1Ã fi?F" di, ~-~ee'cii$ cist.s cif back Olt.?c.,f.?1f1.: E#.'i: fc~`ri's=^~c tvr?id'oi : u t~x:s, s~:fl ~='~s~ti?s_i~:f 1.~#'~:~. `1i~~ ~?1.?i 1000 4I3?s~~s a i?tL~~ It?..a~.~; ~:t~.*,'4#3.Ã ;i)`~ l:?:tf and 3:I33õ'4iL1':aT: ``^i"idiryt DC i;fLix'Z<i'3:`t for a :r'4?stcE:ti [islE?.wT IM'5. +riio plot 1-020 sh;si4 ;i a tssWd I t}adi ci,ixCi'it for ~''~ load a1:tL . 13i&'3tawEi ;3riC~f':c DC cEzrz`t#3e rC??' a system wBEhiJL3i IP'I y and ~O3cY..:-f?iib.l back EMR :ii? pik? , 1040 Sh]?~~s a, o-o[i:kl lttild t:?3.f-rC'.1.5.t for R
load ai3ti iT.id2i'if3,ksii' DC
~.Lf..tai~t ~il?F a3 5yti.t~:#s. I~~T`~ #33ki.~ i~:~li<3.l ~?i'~L::lYc FMF.
~,l3( .~ plot W,'~}8~> .w+E?.~t~:'e a ~.
I.;~ r#lti :? i~L::~.
with ~ ~~ Ei~.:_~ :~~ ~`::
.
, ;:i3.tat?:~1 back ~.'~~1~ :~~a,..c. actual , ~. :t a:> ..E
~~
atr #:ia:t3i'Q`b`e pC}'we:I' density, the gf.i7t'I`ftEC3i' 920, 925y 945 in'seiy 'fi<Jl: :.F_c_f#.dt> i,olftt[Lf3l tnaIk:+-f?rõneY`s ui2Y~:L Iffic a'acflti'.il pi.~11i`.s of :4'iFlCa`i.iag 4E'.t c3l'4 isolated 11ii;)3"i]. Cad:# 'sffi['I'. l'bi' i?.ov~4's?.i'k 900 can Iia.::,udt; a simplified grc33.itadfi1y s6,hL:f1:iu.
wiFii .Y.AIa.FIt,.F~ ,?:(:1.Et,i.ii pi?FEx¾ iol1..ag:' ;4}i{'E?õFg i3t.t'4,'teii the ,t :.ui't3tti>Ea 90 925, 941 U;:.II3g the st]Tlp.3:xei$ sT:1uI;.:2 ng scheme, Wi~
n .vvt53-k 900 czin ra. chwo s,yocIiln col$iToi or filtering ;af::il,'..[3'Ic4.
1_.? S:.}::.C the i3i1'wf?fk 900 i'.`-m be interfaced -wi(I a rnii<?cc4:+}.`, ih.it 4:3,i ff.s3.Ew sna<te3.--:dmv :i?tI?:I11<3;id5 I:o the eYe#:'fera3.t?T:"i 920, 925.
945 tt:I dd,'L't:I rC;ftet i' .,~:~iat,oi and ?t,s{3d S;?~.`~Ei3:t.`? on chL-:'oit:igC Nls. 9R~< In other FITij'3]eTI3en1ct1:#?Il:i, th~.:'4'i?fttage co.Fatl'i?: c3IYi~ l'vr:?t. S:aFil"3f3g i}n the 4t3R.af?;i .)iawi 950 {;=f.il2 be w,f3iA:C3llcd by FiT:i:v3.?'.3 vi1ft;a,g4 ikC?C#p Li;7Il:roi. w: t c.e`.h i_i1,ik: Pd3:E:;:
,E :?f +: hii. gicI?4.atf,Is `}2Ã+5 92-5, i?Iavii'lt.i'. I_i'3 soinc f'a,?~yL3#?i'nF~fl :. :~aG <ZpcIiI f11g .It:Lj#:E`.3 C! 1':if3g 945 can tze W 12 ~~~ln In sw3Ae vxa:xi~~ies; t1iG, qIaality of t1-ic~ DC.
l.aik cFm bc i.~zpis?v:>d wiÃh<sxiÃ-Ãr.e need for i33 a.reqI3t ai:=ytiwaõh1.i3g Tc1.131rs or any Re#`#d3w co;.f3.pi333[:3its.
FI'Y?, .., shows an, C:xe#:I3p.:3I) '*ysteF.ta r.1410 that is cf:piib3e e?.~~gcf1e`ie3tit1`õ,. and E]'E9aFt33"iE1g~
U3.c :;L';.tt:Ã::2 I 100 .ni;.iLlde5 a ge#1eT.Ifi33;s 5Ii1;?~ ~ 105, a power ~.~ii?CEi=ss3Iig i:-a4.''. 11, (3, E?3:id a I :s InoEf:3Yifig S ~ wi: I 115. Tht', v'Ilt:3'aEi_i3g s::.If?e 1. 105 li'idlidE;~, fi ~'t:i1E:~TaEs.3I' I 120 to got:te:I'1te AC pi?ett';`.;
1".:?,i?.
c...,r; I'.?; . ~#.2i)..,;. ~.I3.~:~i3i~4 a :4',..ilf>:~~ b~'f~~~l ~3~
tiCi'i~:'~ of ÃÃ?C?tla yI:'3:IE~t~..L~S s'{~r3T:.tiu:~ by iiii.;~. La ~'~3i~
t.
i:7;3;ltbdGs four sets of w3d'idIi34;a 1123_E, 112511;
depi4:.ik~ ex.i333?ie, ihe tei'3:Gra #Ik. ;tf3fji: 310 `,,...kyi;;, 1125Cf. fla0 v5 sFaliags 112:`i3 -dt'.'r):E3 be <3I"mI3:?ed .`">.IIbSE<.I1ttc'Lly in .#1t: s;S?iti ~s? this ,:? ~: 3 :
of the su2t`i'. 2 lt'] f}e i"W]f?:ys 1125i3-d l:al? A31cl3#d4= M pI,acISG;o.
t.l:<i#:.3 t t?:~., i::ii ~ )f e. ~`
w>naln=ws 1125w~~ includes :hi-s:.e p}.iascs: M o3;~ie: examples, M can bc two, three, .iout, or (`tb1:'::' numbers grC:kti.l .,r or '.,qli%Iz to ti?c[.~. By m's3y of i.ail:1ple, and not h;.a;E3Ial1of] :.i;..~'1 of tht' b4'> iEa>lli, 3` i25<3-d I?'iat' hu3S'E 15' ph.isc d1t-l.,3t:F3t'c ff'ortx ai~J,4.tce$a.t GF`I:3Zz1.iig4, Ii: 4oEla : ~ f3iS3~?~.L ti, i1a`'v' s;i'`.e ~iaÃ:::t in :-3][', `ri~#.i)t~.13.X~Y:3 1i25zi-d~ can substantially I'f:~..i~f:~G'~ a ~`.ai3i`1'3'_l~)iE.i. Cfi`gi It..a:i ~?f a i ac:C,si3;ta., f1i.o, <i first 7'f:qtl.ei3'<:'S' F"sSiacgC: d'+tl'#Ilg 4TpcI'iitii31`I.
11.:' ;`t?w.:r pf+.3s_.L.::?3.afi` stage I 11.0 #Ill'.hadu:i grLi;.L:=a'ae-C33` side iLti.,.>t,e: t;"i{~~.i';t s .. .,,1Ã:~a.
1I `;trb, 11s0>.::, 1130d, capacitors ~ 5a, :t 1:?5b, 1135c, s 1'~5d, and m:3to.r side . . 4Ã)<F;
1 14011), a 140<:, ~ 140e;. 13:t Ou"s exwn~pte, cac.ti C'itiFe ge~ne.=<3.or sEclti r.:ctitzer biidges, I 13`3a,-d ;, coupled fi3 c3 l'7[ rc ^j3r,'} 3~~:3:.t* set of 4t fi'Edingis I 12.-~"~,:-d tE) receive AC C'+t),,t't-I 1rC3'F ; ti?e. g~t3<'.d'<3#.E:?r ,#<.gc 1105. x:,.,ch of fl'ft yi'>iC#sEt(DT'.s.d< tif~#rf I 33~it~{?ÃS
.130:i.=d i3.,Oi:#des i:b;f2'. pt3i'Ã:.s,: ~i~;.
,>ffiz<r ~xani33leS. ~,,h~ r.c}3.ltt' 1?rii-Igos `. I.s:;}<3-ii cI3.i1 ÃawFi,3de M input pa=.Ãs in whxc; ~`a is~ tiA;:
iliAla:1ber of i3h:3y:,s in .ea# b: cii uh.e ");3'e5p(?ndii2g windings. Ttli.
#"Ci .IffE'_`,f- bri3g<.ft I _I N,.i d c<'3. .3 s.i?.3St:.i': the i-cS.C:t't'.d AC power into ii.',aiEb;e(.clltfi?k:la' DC
power for i?f3tpt3I, E's''Ly . (?ft~,e :Z'..4,'.6fie""
~:;. LLF~zk::
bTaLigC'.::3 `iiN3i: vy incI.iidL.. 'a twQ ai.I~~e.`f3i pi:4oti- TOoi1;".?h d'#.e output pC)ll.+, of ir"'id`;..S I~ y~~t3 t:ia:iiZy i.'t: d:<:3I'k.i3(.t..4i: tf) ihC'<
i;.1I:t:sj3oi3t."~iaiVg s c3ki3.Cltoi'3 1. 1 335i3-+i, 1:f3C h of ffiS:. capacitors 11 _?h.3 ? is c1?.Ppled to i.bC:=
corresponding Ei#E.'_+lkn side I,.`svC:3'iC',i'S.
T}ze ,,.ao:i}r ..ad~f- ~ :iY14extt.:, 1 140ii-d can -iCi.L.3:vf: DC ~.+'orY'eF
f:'L3Li3 the ColFÃlr::o N,rti i:e:~d ~.DL
S'+i#2p?:it V:~ v~..i t~:? .~:+:~ a:IiC3ti7x'..sCt.'` '~.<i?fE. 111:?. In ~.l?i:# G?sFi31~3~a'4,~ t.~:~`. f.cI)cEti~:~.f1#'ti ~. 1 `7i3 41 i,?ii~t~
lilE,itidE' ?.hei i:s.,mLF:d~s fL):' filie#'1i1g t2a.deti:{.=d frequency CCxiF3po#!tf?ts at3 the pt_.~'Ss.;[' s" ix,l'<3.. fi:i Itui C.~~=2~:4G#.l~ ~u ~., a=G~??~E'Sifti #.i3<]Ei0 ~~lZ~~C:tii i zi#i crl4i) ~~b, . 4 si, Ii) d1c 6ei3dl'3'i.ti #i3iplciliC .iltm3.5333. 1a3f, ft'=Iit,iti`ii?#" 4idc r0;'.tfiE;;" S?f'do;e;-, I 130.3:->2 and :hi:
ii`S,i?ta13:` side iY?'6G:":8;i's ..40ii^d are ioi-itTet'tfid in p'cmfflt',l.
In oth+:.F' I#i1~?n ,i~#..,3y L>I3~. i?fl:lt.:' G>E3ibi..:i1..ti;4 .?.. series kii3.d pc1mflLl Os3ni3Ze:#i?n can be OseGl ts,S >Sai3.i3...+.:t ;33c ~,?~:El:;#<3.~xF' tiis;iÃ:
.x.L #..~fiL:a bridg~45 x3i~r'3-ti e3T1d, di:' :i3`wtoT side ?:;:3,+.i`I'tSS:i's i 140{E>`t;. For G?F<zr'q3E'=, the Eecx"ftY
io b##d;?e:3 I I30<.ai41 aT.4:~~: 0#.~~ inL..#8.a#s 114041-d can k connected .i`i a common vo.lui:Ft_ bi3v in ~'t4 of in z ~4:7i1.h Gi:~># } group is 'v st1u2.ti-tfi~. ~ 3Ii ps'.~.:i~l`
~~`~3 ;es~"'tõI,.\ to ~",.
k3'~ t!=?, , ~t:~ as i~~4 i`#~,\GSi Fi ~c, t .
~#
~~~..
A~ z3ii .t..itit?:z3aiiC' t".l:i;anp1i:`,, the tcuffli':.E'bi:idgLS I.
{...ii"t be c(?:il:ii:tLeC. :n. r`v r.S zis~cl t33e reCrt3fit..," F;E',.igoS E ?.?Ot -d ymi .?(~ ci3mc<~i.fd in ssedlEi:i.
1E2 St3i'tzC. .:\d3:fltx7.cS5 the o.tCy":.s ?~~'fl)t.' 15 gyC3tiIp the ?'es`.'.t#.f:ii;'.-i' bridges 11 `l 30:i b can be coIi#Ik.`.t(,C_' tE? $ile l:zipziGitt?',.'s I h~i SoI.ilÃ' t;Ka`'1F11~334~5 ti i'. ~i3i}3i-#t4 of t`n':e. ,-rC2Lfp of tht'. .
(;ctifii.:' E?I'ii_l..~=i;5 11 30t;-d i'.c.Fl bi'; ci?#:iFlw=c;ed to the Ãaptii'.itf?i"~ I 1335..-<i; Ii Si%#:T3e ex..mpDle5õ two t?i more of ti7L;
reLEÃafle:' bridges . .3i..i (: .iFi~'~u~iP>"-?i?4'on+:.t\ ~I?O.t d Gti`:': 5hf1aG, ti t:SSi~..3I.13i>#3 t~t,'ltcE;fo bt1S.
cll" exF33exp le.
Tli':.` motoring 7tiig`L' 1115 AC pi? :Z`t'.~r fSi?#:t3. .iiC:. .ilZ t.:
z.ui':~ 1 40ti..i1. Ii; tfi:' 20 depicted t fiF:E:ilipl::, the i?.?titt`t>isg stage 1115 includes fot$S sets of windings ?15i ii, 1,150bs 1 l`?k 1 i 50d.. Each E?. ;.LÃr `i'1Fld::Ii1,s I I 50z3-d c;.iii ii LO~:m AC
Joi3 ci- #[o~F~> r,:ie t 4(;,i--d, .I x3i.' i3:ioi:i?rF.ii:;~' St #'-t`< 1 S 13 Iili;lEkdl h a[33o(.<?I' 11?5. In s<?;.i3.c 4?ziil . ples> the motor . 1:.'5 can iZ,S.eJ vL electrical :;~.3itt4'ti=r 1iC.rE3 tk-tk.."=
Lxr'EYid`a:t?g.ti`. I. 50e3 d and E?:dt~.tuE In..cf):F33:ii4:3:l 26 aii. :i#:iT:i?.. >eaip~ lsik:h speed, hi#?h pi}w'#' applications can l?t::i: ~ ?nifzS::#i:;.~':
tZ.`x.j:i.:>ei3i,.i?::2> on tiie pvr+`C:1' _le4t1:Ã?i3i.'S: ~1'}i3cf:i 1:13tiy s#::..'_i_xfif:=i:lnr:d i Ã>l+:':'.`s.:zi~..` t)_if.. tvLa<w :
.!';i~~.keF'a i:t',sE. #vt,kltiUiUy, s?:'?vz, cost .:<3.< be tiSgi3ifii a.LflA i?igE3<',2' that3 #.t`,.i: ri'z3z.=h#.i1w= ,_t?'s"E. li't ;:e'`P2?e~
.I fPlC'.i?'lc.iai:Et:a, xln dei ti'ii.; di4tf'#bt3iii)s% p;c3tfLyrt'n deti1FeA fi?# a timti'?tL..3: 5#1C.ls ~-" ii:< SySic:t?i :00 may foi tiS C`n d:i-vC optimization i3i1ti d?Ta:e 23A3A al 'L':Ti#.t3<=
x?iiiz3md >i ,s to drive i: k;Sz.b1l#ti.es.
30 I_.. SC?x >.H 5;.x#i mplw:1, iili ai'f'c931ei-t3t.'.nt of the ;iy:+tZ.nn 1100 can I.SZ?lcb N 11unnt`3S;$" of itz.3lt.iple tnfAiJlu.t .{Lw dfi1;? sYn4yli' or N :,t.[tiilf SiluMph prine Qõ{
5 ph:isC) stator la SC?ni:L: m3.Ãi3pi4.ti., d1ff(:seFi.i stator wieidi:i3g,. iliFiSligc.:l"fellt:i can be selP;:ii''w'd based +.3i'E 3:''Li( 'ceit '.:F?.d voltage ?v3EL8i:t'<3_..Z,:3:..5, 1.11 ,:o;;nt' >3a`Fplt.;i3ei3tcit#C3ii39 t4E
;.yiEet;3 1100 can it?cdEicw st.?t'it< ii.tt>f?4 high speed n3..:s hi::i <?#?d i; L ?izawe4wi"i; For is7 si-t?plC:=, fl7.c geneIm-t?T 1120 :`r t.:3e I:z;f3...'sl' 11 55 >.,<i#i be .35 .Lpiz,i,od i3':depi.,.idti::iltlt wiihoi1: ii.+3E a.~~'1:I3f ttif.:
pe,wL~l prC?cLss:i:t4-` .y.i3z;#. a.a it;:ll?t:
e"mai?:i33lt.'S, the sL'Ntem 1110 can be a Gt"st r;, ftccfi-vr; high ~qpLJt.u Il#gh pi?wer si?li: Ifti3.
;'t3. ;v. z..:5.<e.??'xple:i of drive si?llit:C3m, can be applied a:Ci the htrsh Spxt,-Y h;:ÃTI power :i (l2`13a.., tsw `st'3f 4'~:~>zi? :s > ? ~aiY.3 i?f?~i''L'i F23i#3wa t#s I:-? a .Ili7f3Eilar .;~3Ã7#i?:3C.iF. .~t~ ac ki# ki ~3I; fx~~L:=x speeds, i3 .~.`;::i cIi>??f?f?Fil.i( ,is: ~3<. :'~`#`=# t=i=[ÃaC3ne3t :ili<
Y' f~~Li'i3Ei;, ~~'a.~"i a .3:i+s~?G.. A~2 ~ ~~ea the ? II# si:>z? .' .;1,ibs?dlmC;lis, a systC.i7t for h?,dõh SpeCd ``CldeE'."iI;.ng ?pÃ?l#cai>oIt: C=4t;1 !i#cI:ita<< a w13tJt.dx ii4C.?aai?. ti. -Fo:' C=IFiIE?=$?le, Uhe,~,4.; a.ipp.Ã#<:i3:lo,?iS
L.i3Se lilC:ll<3C: gas t:#.'.?ii14. d,'Ii ] c?t:A'i~'s;:"
C>i,#I _'Ix:Er3i.. turbo 4X3?aa:a<"i f['s.: G?ihi3:iiE recovery applications ,'.it i.tc> :13eaSi'Ã 52.,.~~l;f?,~~F:~.
eT32#.?4,s, F3.,t, :`a;.,..` i.?:pax ll+:;n, aii2' WÃIatd' l:?`.~ia c3?f`I
waste ;eie'"A rf:a.".ovG3 S' :IÃ~Ã?Iw,~: till ;, ~32 S:a#r.#3 ;t]~.`,di3:iCY3tw~ef?#tS. ali e?S.ei`.Iipli.T.#"4 C3n-;?f,Eid -(rat=X"ititI:on s4:?$cm vi .i ,x>z=W& F=t lr yt3i RpcZ.d pl;.3.~e i i- I{3: u'. ~,fx as a 4, es i3s f. ~~" `I,''` ' L#;ii~Ã1#'Ct> to =Z' #'.3le~;,i ~i~~ high >~-, 4ilf. ~`,s,#i"U aii~?#.Iai:, which '~~i.: a ,f~speed AC Permanent Nxa.agi?.L=i (PM) Gc:i3(:I"aai}1'. In C3vw L.'d.ei:?:Ã:3l4, tht~ stator fr1 :i-IÃ: 7tI.1LraÃoi' 321i.hzdf`=.I a :?ia LN,3 of >,,3YE'L: p>it'?.hc w,mcLÃiTl~s. .~,,FE:=.2 SoÃ
of a E~~i'dr't phase "%i~1.F7.Cl1~i ; Il:? Ã<'C;in a tÃlin.e-Ã:3h,;5t :,i,~ ,~l#:~~f'= f3'#.od(? ;> Edr`Y:~. In itilli.2 t:xz?II]p36;s, dFc stator c,~a ilti: ,~C'feI::ia.?. 3ai::fti,Ãe~ (N i .Ã?hz.ss; -w:ÃIlc~ings. E3,.F-} &i# t?f _!I Phase wi.:?:(hnÃ;4 xxi;y '.Gcd an NI-Ã??an, ='~INq--puLso r.s .swo#'~M) ~ W diode b?`I<aMC>. T;?..: 3:2=#:p3ifts of i3.'li N diode bridges n:ba3.y be t'f7S3:i3C4L:te6 ?n ptaxs.3ltC i. :L1a L'-,~umm~.~lC.>>
add~ =.i=cti a zl.Iitlft D(~ ~:.:. k ~i:,~=., vtilf3,.,ia biis). .Ãn '4"t.f.Iima<i e.:Y.iample5, ths:".~..~C 1I.:`zk `..aZ i6,.f: tZ#:#L-`: or ; ;t)fe. DC AC <3nd'C?r DC^I_)(. t.i`,33'f'=rt::ni ttisia 11'a1 ;;t;I:Ei:#c'ti=f: flac required <?.r#:pt3w, vS3E c7.g-t. ;;E&, a SaPId alone s:3p=3~ y t;i' <'3$ part of a (Hti:fibI1iC:li t U3'ic# {itiC323 Ji'sEs..3?7.
S..r m2.: ..32bixi:fiFz?.E'='3'i$.s a:? iN. >?a.e one t?t n:tli"e ad1'ai2tav,d.o :21 V,IT`di?fIS itpplI..: il:t?tis, such ....
20 ihy.:t`= Fl: bTV.;....-.;.. Sin c2?~cYF3i` play a kign#.fi'+:.am ri?l.'.
;:LlC.Lt.irF?:x thQ plaox''.=i: #' r.42"<~:?tM
:?#.3wd c.bxa.Ic#az ,i:.I?ct'Ia:iolz SysiG;t?'.'eS iiik#=_: heat rivl.+lC::`'4 tiY~[='=i,:5).
,,.?af .?FIpt a(-y ~~fA.bod:st,.r#1 : 7a a ZIT1tt, '=y5`:zli'l are tÃd_sC#'3'I)[,'~a d. .? L. S. Ãy<iicit`: Appl.Urt Se_1 ;
fai AS'6-Ã;88M ::>:iitlc.6 ne.'gy, C'onvL2':Ilof2 System" L~~, Raf:d ct a`., filed on 1 ?,'08.'20CÃ6. F=:3, purposes of an .Htislit'_fiti: e:4<3#:27P1fi;, tha;,i#>a.loaiIes of t.?e i:Ã(;:t?.iled dfi.;ia:=I-#Ã?l:#.o53 A??.~:Id?ns. i's#:Icl '~1_.:~ ;,rt?##'L:.Spo#idi3a~,'gn#io1 arE.~:m U.S. Patent .AppE1C:iAl1(?f3, 60 M4.882 aE'Ã:~ ..::conpd.Sici#:d'`ii 110I.6:1 by i~. S i41".s f_ ~Ã? i..3zr <:lif'lAÃ 3#:i~' ~3~#.:#d~~Ili~, -ai'3:1uif=.~
are CÃi::wi'I'#b~'~.I :ita the t~,:i"f':<?ti..f:::i %i:i a alxaÃsi.ai or >=~G.Stiii#~r. ~3 3Ã. ~~%S:: 1:d-Ad:t?f?C. Ã}li:t: 3i=#4=li d;~a.x~f c i?:t[=".: [?.EtF.EC?3:i's r"": to ahae: oÃof?1FIi1;v:i?f :i.,E~ <3~.? ils3a ;EFi~`E?t~c:tk to <?\?j3~t 1i? G;ll, ~~i23hf2t~ii3zc:.3l-disclosed ~.It:tf'#~I.
A>:bs_s2-f, :1 v.3t'iit,.::i ei.a2?'ig7l4: have boim dà s<.3 #bed with a~.f T~
3: ~, ad3 i4'Fe f,.?th,:z t'.`tT2bt3dIlnel.ii:i si o possible. For example, sf#liEv C.iYBt risdim'.v13as :?x.y bf: adc3'I,?rdJe, b1 ?'xC.i2#I?`fF1.`x : '~ i: SlÃ`i ~i%1L~tx.:i k3;. the ;^~..i$t?~', ~`3'F''gFlg 4i3i'.~a 1'sr'3 -I~>ti iT?~4-t;x:i1'E~~lf'., ~'f~.i'~diL~:', S;"L'u.3 eii. _ may, _ additional p^<hi.ia .y~.~~ bet-wt:i:z .E winding s:.d.`+Ek that f71^aL
ESI?~?Cf?~'fi Yt.itÃ?' t.s.IiY?s>313G
i...F.iUe,i<?.iC`A:, (?'4.:,rIi j? (C.g.s sl:i3:d1214;) #1s12l':1iC3T2, wi?'e. layout as a. I't_`=f.a,,4 .:C3 ' C..1 li.t?#.r= :, #i?t?tc.axi3L'e, i?,?.z.wi`a::dr?g a3.'L`a the 1i1wj ?:n#l:' be :Gk,' 4tf:d w iake. 1d.?a3:#)f3:;<: o: tt:?
li?ip2'i?i'e sE<?:s;?i trc's.(iC::alsilEsP2#, fnt:Ã1.idEI2g. Ãi?r i:'Y.i...a=.Fe?.Ã?l4, in <'IYrbbF.:ue3w#:P';; with ~==.~i itC2 a.,:ti= f33; L`.E~fi:.G..~S it?ify i1:icltfdC= N 3AS of wF11d2I2gS, each set of tl1c wi:fd3Ei::2õ'+ h:.F3?ii.`.y;' ~L1 pha,,~"c,::. Fc?: .xaf?:ip ~e, N caf? Ix ~~iviÃ.eF' than or equal fo two fG.~; ``, z 4, 5 6n, . S= 10 . 12.
i 5, 18. 0: 21, 4, .. 50 or ii?C?#`: ;. In i fF3e i':S.'r"f3i?iC, N rntiiti be cqli<'-?l to EE,e f3fifFll;ei C-f cf?di:-f per ~~~le. ~11 afac?dhwr cx:Fn.p1~, N n.ay be less than (w.g:, half) tfFc i?urnbe, f. f::oils per t`,?;s:.. Iil `o?2ie;~'.=:Y.<l.fF?p:.`.s, N 4 can be greater fl'1<in t # 1 r L ` : C , (G..g., 1''~~``:, - i , 6. 7, 8; 1 O. 12 : ti , ; . 8 X 2 i ~ 24, .
50 t;T' ilioFe) ~ In other c.xi:F;Fj3i0s. Nl c<in be two or one.
IF'P..v#"tt3:eF'f the wiilCaings can N. ff3ll-P3.;4h. I:f? Sol:`,L oclie't iiTi~li:~=kI3~iA:Kf~:s:sils, C?F'IC or anoiL ?4'~:`f2fi1'~ EFtit i'Fc:
sibs:a3:f?f F.flly :i,.Liif?F::i?. i?stis5:. Ln C:mi3#t IFS1~73LIF7~:11..f~.Fi:4i:~, the i:lf,.=t.. ~~ J,,: an :l#Ili'.4t'f'id 3i,:::zfi3t~r o a F1ofI-i3 [t'`?['cFl number of 1`;
,?,.Fsi&e:
S43F;,t: ei?F".9s5di#'.?(:.,gts Iisc: r'' include pC)lF'G`.F'-,JC.a:=tF'ofl:a=
s:v:ftGhi=ti i.hs3.. 3.f<', i{L~ vc3y casi?f;:4tll2:.d.
(-.`,.. #F:$:.ulsfleia 'ct:.C: bqlL?i+aaE' transistors, JGBT-sl. Od3k.r ~.mbÃ`dI#fi<'.:aiti "i3Fly illw~i[ta f3<3 tilS'>`
pZF.3'ei' Ll4c:TCI1ic ::wFls.hti.:i (E.=,4;., L~1:L`Ciz:S~, If? St3niL'' :f3z<3#3 icC.`s 3,C 1.-'._., tils:`
S3'`JFf:#:~~s.F . as.Ã rtL .,Zi5t: ;.05?:=} fri#a bc CtjFi;lem.'1G.d in sf.,FF:O=S, lF_t ~'?I3'ie t'.:S:i?a"z.?.plfi;h, isuÃp-s:i#:ti t?., tIF3.e t'i' I E,:;..?:ie i?f, tiFi: 4Wa .cea IF7cFti'FC;t=S ct.il k"L''=d distinct .aadsz~. La: some :fi#3F?lemt:3:FtfFt:oJ"fss a single i..`lvLxti".if.,.`
..na t?+;I iIFS`, i:'il1i N + i>'E.>.Fn,: Si~ls L17F3y be in?:Emt.:;tod to up #:t? N (t:,tr N, '? a.. 007 s...`o, .1 tiwi:vlf ..,,3Ea..i.e (e.g., iYas';=r3`bs. or actively it`f3t:o`.efz) for C?pe.'it3.t3?3 3ii a si LC)FfF?e:=C:G :tt' ap to N"' (e.g., 'r. N-l, N-2, S:iL:;,) SL'a.MlE G.g., aLf:vi~~:5= Co#1t2oflL:C ) 6?#"
Ofz.>Cic3tÃon: in a t^..):t?}1.3g mode. IFa 4':3T'F.:?fF-S
i.'~xFi3'n~.+`lt`=,~,, the number ?: switch E3:iti.i`#.:eti fit?r 20 t7y?t,ii3tl :f: xf>. ZI p?S:i3is<~fe~f Fyit?de uced ,:ro h<' the 1iimC'.
as :i:e number of -mv1#:i-hF3'.Fa.I#.,4s f?f' esp #;ai`,t` l3i the : fti:t)r iiM nit.ido tii sC7llxi>Cxai73plGs, one or T.F3E?Fy.' of a.C dv::Iy :o...lstlin.t` sw#:#da Ii3.4tiici's #F3ay st..v~~ .1. S ::glt'. ela",aF'.fc:zil I3 Fd3di9.3e in bodi a f%id:ti.C? i#Zg i?i(?de 73,~.x3d in a gwXFG.:F'iizt2s modi, =, IIa ; i+'iiic .a gC.,att.#-atFCDn ()T IT4s_ytt`,fmt~ -,YitOm ~%.Ãs.. the system WO or ~.;::
25 St5f4..i:: 1?S.~j Le.4:i. iFli:ii3dL: Pi.s::b1.1'e .Flter t":IeF=YFe:F7:ti bd.fwi:"]:f tiFe machine 110 and th(:wited:8 #F?.3s6m 105.105i3, F53"::x>;?33,?lw, .~,~i. S~,kaaiL;i? 1ot) c2?LF a3aSaF4i;
fil#e# a;lilltE`n`:.. ..;ftt:3'ffic miwt' 0L. 0-5: 1053: In another e1aFi?pi , thc sL,E#=.31 `. 5{_r ::tf:
3F1.4l13t'?<': iitiF.9iL? Rcr mei:Fi.< bowei: fi thl. ?'..c;i'h#3Ie 11``.,~ a3.:3:~ tk}4 switch #'i3cFe:.TiSAS In S.`s`.~.+: a x.;my?.L:4, :}.i~;::
ai , ~~'_=
y~::C=3:3 ~~~:' Q3 . :l~~ ,:3wi.EiC~G. <3.~:tFS'4 filter QIfi:fT1fiAF~.:
~fi~~f.i the ~42iE~:F<~E i"Fi<i~:.fi9EJS ac '`!~ a~yFx2i; eiTF3s:i#~FF3# t, f.lt'. ~1lWf' ileI31C.T3fS ::iEF3 ~iF1v C c voi11f3]t?in t'.i?FFn4:iFC :2:3#F3:, M vFr#F?El:ti ~?i~'.:~Yi' Z..~Ls?3~>FFi`ti 's~~=`siifi#1Cata:}.C'a$k krf=., In s.? ... QnF~`3S)dFP.2&t,=TF>`o, 's2 ;stc3tt?I' w11iÃABiIg can have a double Lil t.3 Zstil.f3ta%'3..gr or a aif.F,6U
il7e stator Lt 3lS C'<al? bc Esa;'1?,iFaiC:d L?#.i E?1#~::=
t'31d c& the sW:or and Lh"C ft:S;"a iE11if3.t, coils are ta.I7:n.iT:i.~fed cia tt3<'. opj3E)s3:e r.eFd (?.f- the ~tzi;i.i'.
ti? `;i?Tils_ G:3'.fbodf3f24i.it;::, <3k electric power Sfc.t]t:d'<3ta<3''F
;s?r';tem (f: r . tht: st-s ,f?~ 5,C)O} can a linear `.tfti=L`fxc i.T?'r.$dd;3e !=k`'ifIi ii stator hat`.3i4; multiple (N) '~.`C3 t'-phnas#,:: >,ML-jph:iSi'.,i ; ~~
~~fndi3'tg ;.el;? ;I.IId a a3i5wer-clc"i;:i'i?IIic switch ..IeF3E2'IA 1%kr eFi.Ã:h. polb pi:ia:a ::'i23dF21+ ae<i, In C.Ia;:iei f in.~SS W 33a~ F1~:~> an Glei'i3'3Ã: Pts?'Li.,..r g-0P;ts :fit:'.'11 sy',3'ti:=33 (L:,:g.,.hS s:5~'ii'.LIE -SOO) ccin iil4l:a&._f rotating c.14oriw t23<Ia.h:; e w_it. a ,::;Or h.f.'sn, ina31t:ipi:, #143 PWY; h..::; iN-1--phztse# 'vvinclitb,; se;s' aIF:if:Flt:;:.
ptf6t: vc3mAf:` .s..E'., i?nd a each poly-phase wmding 3i;t. In .3 si;.a.,e <?':Xi3mipl+;:^i. th~.~ :nI.#.fte^Pi.isl. 11'i2iJ>oE'F?:IG.' ct`3:i3 be Z.`.:it;f3 iTf nnofi?rii~t`? cip'Pi:ii.:Iti?.1?'..,*. 3.is other eTA:bodIt..s..a2tki 4t:> el`r:~i.l2 a:: power :,YeI'It2'a'tid?.i_ UmetI1 i 5,&, '#IC: Sya;C:I`ii 5OW can hwWde a ,..nm:F' c-l::`C;td7G iTitiv. i.v S~.`Al.i a 3t:itÃ?S ~7tI~ IF12 iI'whiple (14) pcayY..phcisC: (M-phas:),~v:Eiiti ayg sets, a E?'II:Ã1ti1-piils`= tFc$Ii4Ban7xe:2', and a pt:3\G't'.,l'-wilv2.t2';?i2.3:: s"i~'u`F14h I:flcenh. 1L:T each g3c'15 ~.~bc?s(~
gap illi:Y biiiiFiÃ3113t Lii:a( s`i+i2t3{3: i?'!a-S' bà applied to a t c i~ty r jf=1 :?( s va,i'F4,F?.:s S:Fi3bL?d#i3it;11E V'X
;`> of I1:1azr=}??i.::. d4sat'#1s, li1cludl2# Y Sy1,%hrCinoiis, fndlI.r,tit:i1, wotI;E3i, .E)$.ss, i`Ã;li7ctii.iL+~:, Peri?:?aF1t:33`-3~;,t3~:, 5o1?;Ã'`= E3F35 .~i3T3<?3a~:C F3i<?y substantially C:Ã?TIti'i?l. R?5s.:5 associated wi-t', i .itE?r hiii'il-w,1:+_ 4` 543:.rt:chil2g:,ile drive s:,'~IT'xactPF,S. I.fUxoz de3Iocv <i, .:. `pC:cd : ai h#e?c S 1), lt)ii sve3ikh:iD:i, ..-'I:.:qliei?i#es it h., kIFIdaYi1eJ1ul fntqli`i?0y in ':tli= case of di<3C?c bridges).
15 S:L3te.tt?:l3i.V lo:sSt.y 3:Ev, the ;.i`v3Ã.f..s :E3:iky call f{Si' increased tbien21.`=d tnaEltigC:i?1t;nt to <.tFd?`C.sR :tT:Ãf-)tirr and power vIQ... 4E3.xf:s ~I"il:i5 Ilt?'Y4 RaI' oxa.Flzple. IL'1?i.Ece S'q''s:eI3t ^.C 21IE> ~if EIi44. ~:}.I`i:
<3llÃ?~~`iTaty IvT IJ.icF~:t`ati3d .ift13:ill'iL 0:: sfIT3',.`.~ly ~11 ~iL1~FII3~' aÃ3r iYa;t3I'e j.3t,-}WC;r capacity i:~`.at of +.hii ~~ ~Ii t31>
Lvx:c3'7. 223.iy >"C%d.ace #`t, i.i?mlil:i.io ihs`';. 1#GC:d R"+i +=Ã?C) FFi ?
F's ~ililiE? iF]IS to ;"eI.I.t?vG ewczt frs".):n fl#W` .E'1 ve .,ysten3 i;:,Fi3i?t`SacniS_ v.ili?. as Ow ScE1Fl.:,i~3z~i1C'~Ã?~S; ba:t:2 bars, .i-4A.Ã}F' t'i?b9L-s; 'ff_fi a.xkl::?(3,.;= As 20 applied to h~=gh pÃYwn and m;:6um4,a-high zohg~ app1....at:t?n`.
E`i=s.hiccd,wa } in..; f.eqiw::?cy a.nCl':?Dj e., <E?i:c ` i;~L :a<'.O.CS `i?tiF#IiEtI.'=i) nat'iitzxw t)~1'l~~i\ji3f2~~ the 1C s?C'.fiiS'f tw:fi h;F3:; of a>l AC
eiiit'<. C344t Ec:S, 1::E3dxin..-.3t:..l (or ?'xcer fi:Ef2tia'z:.11E;i2t<l) :wItClTillg IT'TC.q:i:Ã.E)t'=Ics F-flay iilso i`edi.wÃ>
l':()FidlF3`.'i<.d ...a;.t. if. rad3.i%t`d IaM`A (Eli.ctlI Magnetic I13'tC',9'f I..'F3C=C:) C='rn:is4t';i?s that i`:ti:31` at.+Lr4r:i+.:;Y
sfft%c: :E3Ã Y,i??3o=in r:jy4te> .23:>. ~1-lxa:`.SL= `s;2`tE'a oIi"loi' hm?[.:i can fi a`i,plFi-t (tT>l'Q ~i}~~4a_EFt ft.1:: <3s i=1 25 p kt:.gEI:ig>
In .:3's'L.e e;vy-di.E'.' applications 4eg;, zaacii'iF3C~, s; swI?1S L"it b;s.C~-t?.~3i "::qi#:i=l~. s3 bi<
:3tti?,.C.#s.rle, ;i`t7t<1a: approaches .t.bCJlt`4 cold 4iiEP?d li5' i1F]Ets 7 .t3??~ :i~ ZFIFIi.3r Tlit?S~:i~ ~ 6"t<3i aa:' '.?I'e^lItic but id2'e .Fda. 41h..iEni? <3 ty loads, or \<,?Wd :_...t.,de .'`t :I-i3:it:+ tib.:iI"?i3;`..:e ii3<?ta. each rated at (FLfH I.+_imi ' i` SYN, Iblti .i~lowS ..i:titt?:1tit3tEh 4:'x?L;Y;?dt?:13 (possibly ,b'::.xouE: i:: :ilE;?3g Ã?,i:ryi;d on W the L'ai~`iis_ vsf X) eyÃ:.tE li.i Eh Ã.t S of a t.3.1i2t E):i ;ht:3i.1`li't.:oi' the I3.iat-iline.
BI? ::6_s:'.e az plIc`s.(t:("i3~ :i'.e. wl?E'a?lT tffit. Il?.aci3_t3:ic I 10 is coltpiC'd to F. J'ft}h gaf's+'e~ti pri?I,v T23o1='i;.?i'. s",.ith ?.s a iiErba"ne, forr c?.a,-.:Plet a nolwge on the bus 1. 1 j E3'E'r3.L' be S;Ã?A?:F'i,fld'=d by . spÃ:ti.Ãi the p:F'f i_i3t. I"P1^VÃ'::':
I:; tiÃ?1t3~~ a37pl,k..:fioi1s, voltage JE3.1 a E3"a 7i'.;^ 23:1'e3i`
.EFiF~lif.~t~ :I. i?tI.i231?i.s ~3~i i.;:fz`EÃ?3..5 l+)i3ti5 :?:. and/or sd3Ã.1',:t::5= T??L' ~Cl.i:i':: bi:E:i 115 may provide a DC
EI'i3:Eitiflllti;<1:?n supply di,~`.:.i~'J2:tiGd for . 1.fi3piC, Oi3 bt?F3t~ sh-ip ail'c.i':ift, e?: C)tbeI':
i;n,b?_t'C3niT?c.n that i3SG?s a DC utility grid ~~ ~.. :~_Ei34f'C?F~.F3L .[.~> =4~F< aõk 3, ThQ. %E?aEhr rI3i2y Fn:ld.?,&, btit are not llE1':aÃca FiSx Sbt?"Et. r~E ErFi:?~t:
i.3Fd"+:13~' I3:'tcar loads, DC- i:1-AC 3C+ads (i;..: pI4;tpE3l.'i$cF1 or traction h-y..tx-.3:F3ti)DC r:`>C?tS`>F':s, :1iIIFg. ht:ci6mn or t3i tllt.se': or c3tl~'s`:.3' loF3[3S:
U,'~'.C'. ?i 4A?cC0sh?fId s'.'''?hà p~Tt3\'G 'N stator iV'3nd1:F3gS E31.
E,~13n3bEi:at3C3n r3'sF~F i::E3: .M-' :S <~',~;?7E:~ii'x#" u:~t.`~'aS;x iLi' the use of :?3t?ipl+ {~1?{~E ~?Ti(~tic J ti?# i?.FTt`eFÃ F#.g AC to .it. i:"C.) .cf~ c1dlEs avoids ,.in.r' x.L' i:+:l R::i' ' if;.h speed, <.:S.;xr:isivi:, bulky, 1'a>nI1 .o;3i act24'<
i.; 3t`.:E?i3:E f, .t1.7_a,`' O:t3yi3:if?!u ?;is4<.s :lFFF:<l the 3~3a.
~i1:F3i or t.d?Q m:Fd3.di;[.:
TÃaiCi;i>i3 pa`'a.;e .'L.eEIfic:;iFC3T; inay be less Ci]:+U4 E`F]'z3i:
..3C:i:+c 4vEÃ:f3. a p.F'-'Si v;. FZ.4Ã:#$3c3' thL %idr?"enÃ: w~.~it f,ia`fF[?'lh ;F3FZ: be *cFS.o:'Ãt.d by Ee = F F):l~ t.~...i3:1t3F?1:
c,L?I11poIIt-':?:t:+. N:?:~õedy `tite sc?.'C:F):ÃfF? and bIEghi-xr" order 3 .tFÃÃx?3FL C'd ` .~. rz3:A#4i>l~:i?Ãu:
33 ~ C~Lf+ :E~<~ : i.. ~.3.i,~~F'C.~fl: ~'1? Lfi~:i~?i drSÃ:33i:FE.1F1 E::iFTF xd:aC:~~ :~.Z~~~F.F?.(~dkcE~ ~~2s~E:s .... TitE:= nF A~:~E3:34, w 3 h 4<?Y .,d3d`, ÃIli: ? sowY T`.d3 a ii3 .,-~-,pLC d 4c#,? 3bF:FE;r of E$i LÃZ FII:
1Yi 3.3~ `Ea,tas. d3e,ÃrL"~;, F'GC,.#$d0d', Si~FEi_:i~dFFlg &#.~.i::~
t~i'lFLttF~~:i~i .t:?t:iz ~i: ~'dd;~.E<F tt3~~::F i.FIC>!' ri,~i the ru'ti:hl.sc r"S+.aa.G`.i ::r').c"Ãer. a l5wevS.`.rt :iS the dt'.vit.F,s 14?% tLh f:3.sÃL.t .::mi ?.vAch3 n,F? jEZh:tE.> can i:.a:Ei::3 a.#: li:'..Fd to ti;?ri'ilfica7;.Ã' s:a:;'sa d4SFptl'.it?a #:zr, tr14 :a?v#Ãci2I#_i'~`~..', <1+Mi;:m swdtch1:d3,, lr3Ssi b <3ri; pE':p?T"iFo>it'O to Ãi-i~ i?pod':Ãmi`~w'` power of Ãi:Fc dk 1 #.~~e. .iC<.'<._YF':a e +slv: aw.w.~~.~I#.F"#ia' 3o"7s:s ii7 '?`e ~tF.3'i 4. a:3::Fy &W3'iT'ilI3L% spL"d. 3:[j<u'tir po5<<.3 i::<2pi3,btllv;v" f?E the overall st $Ek;:iwa.
S'S'3Ã4M3' ;f '~.ts:+:~~., ciF.~t. 4tin<~.iF<'Ã1C~i?. ,.~~.,.t s Ed'. ~t?cl 3l=`< Ct Ã3:~F~.:',:.4' ~li'i ~ L.3Fcf>`si~~v I?~u . Fi:.~S? E~;'.~
L?E'FL:poF?.dtug loys~~N- in i3d#v` :F`i.E;,t3fierS. TI-iFS tg.W'4 higher overall sy;,i..'.'3'.? uft..t,.<'3K..S SO3~e i`g {,`xri i}.F~lil.~=i .,Zti"~i:<.;, ~,., iast? in the E.~i. ~ta '(~~
..ta:'d'iJ.i. :P of the .Y.<'.3 are .t ;i.Ee.:.d ~'t: .,,~:t3r:.
v extra rsf~:~o~?<F~~.V;G~ 3E~tÃ:1 .:]'~? s,~ .<,Tt;iz e:'S.Ã.i s:
s<3;t?'.` te;.e#'r.F1R5i3 il~;?J3l3:Cat3.t)S3s "I.;e a #3_atdi;:i?le th?'eC:^pi#,t3.si;--w23~::FFIg systa:t3:, plu$:S.'.
;h3tise`,':d f.t.?3I3 ei...3t: <3ie.:wr, ii'pFcaily #,w.~ 'thmi'. phii4e wFfd:E1g sets phase '+h..lFC'.d i` . .<i &g~rms E..Ia_ctdEr;::.d:, .s3 >.ii_.,.#.w ;k: h'w'ml?F?c c-anc<.ilaF3E)n Ftd the air f4i3p flli:Y d13Ã.f'l~.~dht?d:xF3.
2 1-i Mdst:dpl.- Ãil'x'L't~~3'#3i~St ~EI31t FrF~ ?e31c.d.Fli3'.`S
Y3i`I'Ii3<dll<' lnC=lud<> 4.E37,r.sf7Fidt0.l;Z' i;dsÃ.'iFb'.9Ã:eti:
sL''lti WrÃ:;d #.d7d('.peIF.it:;.?Ã. 13.41dt i3hs. .r?`-Y:E13E: w13:Fiii:i g5 :F:nmy bt: :d:#>'t? õi:d"
W~'a I,E,. Dt+a..:i'A. Sl .kRi r,. t.. "3'.F...eeF 4F.I. . ,rM`L7a4 i , a c~.r~aYi 3.x.~ \ ~i?`PÃ;.oI3. -FC<.i7. ?~`FTI~~F. .i<y>r, pf~ <'.El\i;>t'>
. 1 Lk'Fl:i [:i:3 poi pLr p?IiitiLe, arrangements 's'+F.lt'F] variable pitch kt`.EL Uo.`4;
~., A j3Fh'i<iE: ~?vkd I33<c..83its tL'j]Fc#F1li^" lFas f'dF#4tii sizG and w-`=id;l?'d. T:3:F: y3Ldda s ,Ia~<,i`E~
30 power dL.m-,3.4 <F3õd ::om4QqiFi:i]4I;+ a 3''t3f?; c difficult thermal ~FtF3Ft3:~; F::kFZi pd1?blt'm. rk,ii? c..gEiE7.4 iB:f Ã;.e tiwF'Ã:hlt3; ;.w vii'_es, Ã::1d. .?#achD334 tl.d'ct'St bu i-ivt,rsir,ed or the thennal :F"1aFis~.~1.2~F . yj:E :eez >.f~~ E??'i ty Ãt pI i3i6 <::: ii? machine N"aT1 ovt 3`1ciFÃ:F#1 -~.
fl4?we;'`e, :.Ff: dnh.rL:?).i ..: .F`=tl':c.
svJ <::a'q F<3a flati'. .S3x.ki;.hi.F7.e.
.~S U;...ik. :3<Tb a$,.~.t;<:`.i'F 13'Fi3t:h3nC'.. there is F9.S5 d4cFL<?sE, zr.I size 0. F'"FÃ:.Ã,.a:.s of :h< p:=Fw4.`r Llc.'t;:nn3.FC:. 'Ão z`f,~si]?: `.I:r? ;[3Ct of e1F3 Fmpi'o-ved Ã3:Ia.F'mF3.e #1?~-F3'<?g+.`F3FC',t3Ã tid-leI31o; ?ll<:3': is <'F'a'=#:F an ?y~ FL il','it, ..f.. S3ze and miiag1 i=1? Li3Q A7Ã>wcd' to handle the lsf:i;iey spi.L3:el o},~,3'i?.iom. This contributes to EI:i~. .lÃ,t .a.....~ the power !'6~h_ct.E'C?Je2:cs cE.~:a\ roughly ::V>Ãi 'o tgi.I<'.c- tt3I34Z iis #:ttitL:.F? ^,.O.E3:ic3<:~:t#:3L':i when including .i.I7gl. IE':':quG7Fa:.{` i"G'`LFti..t.{3:dL?:, c.na: iii'~~i?1t:Ei.lg back it? ~T91.'.af l#:I3.e frcq:ii3:i3Ã:3i':'i. Op.3;.F11i.cFi.i?3:i and :iTi3xpt>.fiC z$tFt?IF l?.3~~ Ehe I?L?#~~::i' eiC, .tilE't??Ii:~y, 6 W3.FC3:i3 lmalc.Fwi.'d ?g &F,':,t .ii1c;e.3si=i~~: iJ3#.f%hlze cC]s~ 1i1c3y s3.Fb:3Ã3Titu3;,ti' dedd:Et:c t~veii?1. 4.t4t C?f :3rer:c."s?l.p, fiui LX:?nnr)..c. For eXÃEliple, rct'.E3Ctto:i15 in current ~vc..,.,C32`i;F tt.s;oF'tiL3i# may ied3_Ea%4=
Z ~
in dw z:bZ3Ti L_.v;ct::Er4:5niL.,"' {ind"L7F losses :7. . i1s.= `L>levtsdc aFFiii:ilI3G, M(-,.s; wE,a :EI3Ãi reduced #`Ã3Ii3pÃZ31s~:? count iT3t;f <idvc3net3S3e' iDt.sl`v FF3?~}r;r ''~ ~.. L F'v sõ..i.4:i" Ci i.~~?i:~~`ilF.{~r c~, _ r~3 a ..uc:ir <w vv tdh :.ia k:; poi icd FIT (F4t~lu.i: ht Ti3iaÃ:. ) natc.
1 Ct 1 i gÃ>?t..fc.: 3oz?le embL`.+d1.ineE?;+ 1I3t.,ide a, ;3y;3tÃ:m for ,,ise bC?i?#3 a bi&ffi ,;~, ctC; ,:F:F,3,-Ii3i? ve;' an ....n {...g.a h1i.2,j)-4pC;G L: ~.~.t:t'E?li3.13b'?7.t-FF31gE3G
. A?ac:l?li?Z-~) w'a.ta a high :ret,tF.c:iacy (<:: }.e 5ry~~3imand'a3ly at?ov w 1 2{}~lz #3.iFati:ia3;;F3.Ãal faL:qu~:.zic;y) t1 -'I.[3S"'C)FFE3L'.i' w ia.,3 .f33.. 11,3.a;=C (5h:Ã~e primary winding :inG?
Aa'Fi3lEaplf;: ist'G',;'rptEasL''= Ã ~co. daF:t' windings f...Ex;a g ~ 111t.e-t?.z:ctvS`= TInidge:`a. Jh +Ã:S:a)Clt31E31;..t3: Ei .r zlc,"?1cvC low ~4+ order :3a:I3'1r5E3.?+ a.?cvll.:[iC?3.1 l3l ffii air-gap Di:Lx of the tI?aGh#3.e wlifle E3.s3z?g j:Fc3sw+:E iL.+:iIfts ,.it i2fa,,t?.3t ti3L< need 3:t;:i' active F"S.c'ffi.QatF.E.xI7 ;;ystL:iI?s OT any m'l?dift4tat:Ei`P?Es [> i:.i3:. 3-11at'->FF3e s:G2Ei:4i' 1?-`;ul3t3; J, Ai'3 ::v._rnpx4?:"i` ti,pC?lC g}' fb? hI4?;h-SpL:[;d, i3.Fwpower Ãi:,i3.:Fva r;..;}i-p:?.i,-ct?i:{>..{ si titc%?:
z3.laly i.~~L'i&cS:i tCt,x?F;tt3Ã? g`' l3:[3i3ti3.1.t?S3S Ã3F
Si#ti?NC?F.~T.t E~ i iTi~:?f~i~1Fy but :tioi l.'tn8Ã'.ia 20 W Li?l?I' `: ~G<C:l3i ,~ ii =~ w¾a.k Y33.E3;13:i?:t:t 3I3L: the 13T7t'Ã.' S
'L?SE. I:a sL?iile C:'s,"soc.nti n:iaY' ;Z?d4.ide e? l, ihvi of a #3m:Y?3.id sT"c3:inki' .{-l11Fti (e.g, i.s;L[U;,T,tS, or ii e t?:.23~?i#.c2i.#:?fF diet't=:W) in W.-gi? p b:.tweL.:i i;?w rotor and t.iie saato1, a:.idc? end r.uE'n cL?LF,Fng E,is.a}:g a [low of C: .iic~rtnt.. .ransier :;.lEF:i~,~. ~~y way of exampk, and not limitation, a i;ubsttiia,t::at portion of lffiw ?`lF:ti(i Ãti t~?e gap may a.ach3:\3t'.' nieÃhan<'., a?Ya.=?gÃI3> 31i1aoF..`~``o3'Ea natural Ssi35, t3d~
o3' a eSITtE'3iiu:lEiRiS of ih..wi.~ :7:[3<.,t..i' <3ffi`4_'=#
25 fl.3.Icls, `SktÃci: mzd",4' 4?rnFi:y not bt,` fl{irl3.E31i3?~at:., Foi' ~.'xcil:i3p C. c: Go 4fF2 x ti4Jun?t #3.ic3f ?'c';iilia.?s: both I3?:t`,Ã'.d c3.L#ti?. '<a, flow tt3i-oiiah tl14' ? gap ~.i3i` ~:EF).
iti~.~#:`~)GE`aÃ~Ã:F'11{1[' Ctiil~'li:F iCe t~vS). L~::t::. il3s?;.:? i-'i L3.>'.'2u or both t.EFds of ?i3t: 3'm1F3:'. .1...~i3:mphi.:i of sEF.Ã:fit ii.
35>Eitb:l'l3. i]rL' dG:tic.d'1l.'=L':=tiE in a :.C3pi'.f?dF.E?g provisional pi3w..z iipp?.#..t}fi#sa`: U.S. P"Ã?v1;3.`+Ã?t3iEi PaFt'.F:it Application 60l895~025 e#3i11a<A `4figh=.
Speed. S:+;.;::vt~~~ 'RoÃtxE #ir: I:'urnmen. "M<?gm:.t Eiecoic 54.icxa:z}es' by Saban. c:: al. s;n 3 3/,5'~?i?i3i, 3~.;~~i t't:i3:i:.3Ã?lF ::~2t' t'.t7t):IeE3;i of `,~'~"i2L'~~'3 are kft..b E?'l?F',:'~atc'.(, ~iL:ILD:i3 by .Ã-fifC:~3=lt.L'.; '. is,3.u isEmpai.'~\ .iia'S' E iSi sidtc.`.
P1'l?t:Cl3,i;,'`l7 .tF.' :i.i.'.LvEnt." ffit: xi.a?llL?x SEatttii.
0Ã?IF?p(?EiL 171s to isolate l?u3i? ~iiJi3i the Flic T~i`.il'El i[3 :.l3t.
g~'~l, 1I3 f7F34 LxZ'3~~?~~. iiF<: a4?#.`,: ;L.a +<' F3.i?T`
X t be 21f~:3aL`iE E{;? ~~iEs`: d'si(<?3' ;ii}[? fi3l,3ii, i,'z..~~ f#, u3Ett~
FY?_"f~' +;. cE~:.E3ii ttF.:e~F3.1:fFa tti:i:EtõFi: f:f tl.L.:Eosl:?3 dl:
i3iY!'Y`a i3;Ei~~1~t:: C`.` ~51~ +:i3 E~``.. of tii~~ iÃ~t#:.~i. In Ga~:'...~
::k~:I3l}7~C'~:*s ~.~.?f`. 5ct:~.i$(?E 4r4i,ie e3'E39 :?t.' fi..r.d :?Ea E`'s .
\iEL)T xl3.id t1P,iU `i..r `e F .pii:i:j5 isolate 1:~1 EZ>I":
in..E& c3[it(?pC3it?M'Y for Ll)xfb3~~~~Ei.LE`z~;'~..~:t.2.zc.c:iil.Ps: stator :i.S a filÃa b~? 4:'-oi.Ulilhag .w _iidt3i'tE-ti?.C:i::;i, 'cj"lE gap;
ctia.d. w1:E3dvid1gG:o`"algu#3.Fs,?E??:t`r c3zit7^w~ ah.". S<3fE?:E' ,{i z31'.i <is:3 iilÃ:L . ,'l)r h4f1õs9i331s pf'c.:ri:I3F in th.'`, Ph`s[Se currents. JraEti 3fites Ãif.C' i.iSÃf of e1.ÃC'.:$E3ti~.
, .
fiRE.i's Ãzt tbe e'f?chi#.: . tjc,,b3e a. 0,li`le`:CÃE31g to passive #ist'F:ti3C?#" b#"3d,.}e.'',. ~17ht. topology ae:S; 3n<'fiadH
a high 4pLK~tv.3~ ?~<?l'.,?FF1i ti~%3.Ãi~i' t;.rflli "~' ~.ig"F:Fd'iFti{~I~F
that :s ~?t~..~C;~~ i?Ii using a sx?rL3e ~:.:Fl. ~?~ .I.
7{r[ ;?3:f [?i.t<~`C'.. ~a. -F a E>t']#:#iik'a:7.o$. 3.Li:t?c' p3'E3v1tlC
adt`a:3Fc^.gL',S 3p f`.<.-}oi3d.i"r3flr ach7f.~ F?~ N >
.: i`w`:ihow a:di#ier tilp...,ri.=ani f.l)np;,fi.A#.Ã:v aE;i(i cost fFitCi diC~ Ãi2:ic:3 iS.c, while LxÃ:iGs?S?iS2tF
3i3 t.i1l^'GF.E` 'v:?:><igt'~ dÃ.'.\ ;fF3 .'i:S;t`=-s3ffs Cii.El'ifl.w tEts Ei::3 ~lifit: C.:t:C.T't}f1Y<~~ al+ ilt tat.s.`tg[3.
~'' `~.<, 3 Eaf`x?i.i.l` 3.fal..'.= 3u:a i~= having N \'Cti..a of M yE).iF:)e w32iii#_I1gS in a ),J,ef3:G3c3.S3i'a w 44=a 'Ã0 dedicated M pai.:4v power 4~~`v3'CsE~I~~ t:f13tC.., : " 4., pa-Rtaivt?
(i%L)Cii'. .ze;i;1 may provide -flaiFi:
il?xS.::'cinix 2FI.kd iC.iF'a4,F3;EZ?lis `l?~;is~-rsFt..o23 in the Oi3.4t: of either a iiF#EIirc i?ti Ãuw ao.i:ti'ei .+eti;:~ or the r.3cF+=i3Ãi:ft 's:.i. or 3,i}F? Di`. l'<3ii:I?g 5svffl depend oe: ÃtFc of the FTtdFvdd;>ii block ft3e a n<?S;:i$:Eitt, w3.YiL11d?g st:l.
I.-l#g;F speed I$.i<3a.ii7.F#:Fe s..Ã.aibui'L.'=s in Ft.f-TI3.s of icdsEc..Ll size, i.'L^,14;'h cn#li. :Ei?c?t. pnE3 may bE;.`
5 ; .<.c.;,led .>t,. a.h4 power FiTid fEl4?txfiaL'v : CjlEF.pn3(9rEÃ.
s.EE,'it:~ The "'?, N'FZ.EY: w]3ol C?gi ,3io'v`!dt`-Ãt>3 Y:jFaF) >Rf33atima m.A A-Wumhf4aÃy `?Wbtit,.ti3:FAiFfly `x#ÃhC3i#.Ã fl?e i,e;i3 io; FS?.?lEF:tFmF Ã.rensfi.xr#2wT-', .;-LEF.'$v13t .xha3ri:3g rCa?C:Ã:oYti or 1"IÃ:t:#' Pa z1:ic TF'.Ft'Fs&F'i3?.CrS 5,.~~' ~ i=;, although 4f3t;?; Cs:enli,xtr i 3..a.i\' be to \t,a vc<? flexÃbje i::i?x-g'c of well known fLiT:ictTo:m A ;tv'1iTls?~.I' of ei3Ebodf.Yii.'31Ã:S hiavC.' been d+;.'. ',#::I'Sbcd. NL''4 efihGli.?s, it 'w-fl: .7..r F.: :t.er;*lt)<7::``;
2:ha: 'a`ei.riii?[is _ ?m...fiC'a it?7'.tii...'aLZ' I.?:.~1..3.idL.-`. For Gx'r?,mpiC>,ii.'ti.6'4`anIiT"t4?1s, results .`.mayi`.4e :f.i.iit'<`4'~~i' FÃ~1~= `w='~ Y.. C?f l.e ~!i ,dogLdei.ch.E`x;:qws we.,r: pei"fE?'i?tEti in a d3Ã_fefeSFi. sequence, if x'.`dF.1,??;Et:Fiz's, #.f). Pl?e ~~1\Ul?iCZ? :?YaL'iFF.I Gk=c.L `.%diiYTb#Eied fi). a f;tefe:i'C?3iÃ: f3:F'c]mneT, or if Fhi,. 'a.'C?Y?1pC3ri,E7:Ã:=i were f~C~tTfC~i:<~'I~, ss?~][rf' Eti]~T..ta?lG#1~iF.:?~i.~ r3::
#C.p.iaxte or ~L#~?~?;s'Fl"Ft=i3;i:? ~?i` C?t3ii:; t;=i)mpf?110.i3E:i, of the ei4t;.riJÃr,Ea:i?;
ry3
dt,IitiEi:S=:: }:i. :.`_is: 3 3 gap :F)i:'ludl}3v thE% cf focE E.~. S I.`,!
4111F t.I'ti. '.il'F]ta. v::;i'}ti1t:ti3n fo} flb.o. ~.~ ~C:= Ã3: 1'i?v'#f3`?
N
pitch c.?il.a. As sijc3Wp ill Jr'JG. : Br ptot S , ltr ;: ~~~ aaf>.~
<?~#l:~i:i3~:~~ u.~i:i~~: a wiading wid} N - 4 with n:i3 pi#.c.~ co.ly. 'r1ie pli;t '140 3hf xw,, a : =ri rm,;~.Ut:~: ~~ci.~
dcnk}I~~ in `t>:E'. i' gap 'F3.w.Cl?#.fa'~3`i~' the L.ffiwv~.Ã3~1 ;3~.1?tt:tf}:::~i"E~: tF1"Fl.` 3%~`~S r if:}f~ia.
35 11)t: p.t? 2~~+ <'3.: il tbe pFi3 x 7CD~.~ 52?o?w f:Ã3A :f-s 7,25 705, ''f.Stx~Ufiv4.l?'. Tbti;;kns.:<s f'.if ^,i:Ff::
LFi .%Ã 5 M. ;': =:'',*=1T t.Ss`?!13 a flux ripple E~1<`2: E}F..` F"t?~t?F' ;;f`4s and f;L?nsGTutyntlS+ :'o: sf .:osyc :r in thc ~.~
s,LcvL, inat;,ads and: 13ab. 1:1 some examples, a high flux #-;:pple may induce hi . :cr eddy cf3a~?'z=[?i Uit ' sc?V31i;.~'~ i?Yli~a h.d't. A:i shown, ti]i:~ fitix rir7pae can be ..i:tb:#Ã wnÃ;.ally acdiii.isõ;
fo; {tf,N 4 333 i ..:. plot 71760.
FIGS; 8 shC?!=~S plots SO4`#, 850 of exemplary -hFFb Jo~seS of d~1.eI'ei.:i:
? C .>nigi;rv.Ãic? n~. "~"~ii: ~?3c?. ~~.~~~ ~~~~~w, .,ifn losses with di:-1e?
r zit wind1mg Lz i:t?gu afif?ms. Iz:t the i.~t,p..:tel. . X<?x: t?,i;, Ãi:3e w3.11ClÃi3t, ..i;i3':fi; ,1i3aE3t?1'iS of an N-- : fractional p}Ec.ra t.L?IFfi f a-aEiL)#i. 4't;e. N== , f3a53 pEtG), :1:iN_Z~'-'~ Iffill pitch 4o?.:ifiF:'1fFadE?Il, itild id.7. N-=4 fEli:f p1lC:`iI :.t?I~:(figtii'i3:i'133::
are 4hC?w.:. A iFxÃ? ~: .?.= 15 S~Ã. J.t?:i" the N=. . firad:=titi3tt4'#:
pitch {:=ti#I."#fig?.tt'aY3t3n as a bztif;l?[?t:
l..''. this f,Zail:1isl4, ;hC'= ~3iFis losSL., cti the N:..3. fLi~l piÃe`.h t.(?F2fi`~tiEci`':ifF34= #E3:` N--2 full pAi;a:
~i s{3f~ a~.Ã #3If? and the N -<i` ii3lip3iC:1i ~?I1~ ~~uiFii~FC?#I are ,.OC~.4 %, cit?d 2 1t3, m?p<.L..?4?~:?y:
A.'coidLf:g.i =': i:', fI3H pEl.:3'1 W#i3C.{inv.}, :.ti3nfi;;i:?".d.tim1 wiÃ:}i a I3uI13bcI of Z=4'I di31..j_,c CQif..3:F > ? ; ,.t=MC'.:i' tFI3Y4 two t.` : li'`.i`Z'.`Ssi.#cCi 33?..zFF 1otis, ihi: F3ioà 8 5?~.~ shows 1 C:i':K i? 1vr'#:~~ 'Ei?StlEiC3 '"1p~.?;.~ 4'xrfth d?f ,~iC'=rlÃ: tk'ilfdi:?g~
Ia, fl4o dc:r!.0ÃOC, .x:<i?]T3pit.; the Wil13::a;i3' ti=(?F?;.];gfiTe`#'tiot2s i>>'. N 1 z7~.~zLxiC?`: l i+3i;:l]. cis63'i#::?.fi`:ir;.ii-#Y,,, a:
N -I i;b..i p?id?. configuration, a ;'aW2 fi311 p3ÃGh i:=onfigl9mÃit?i3, and.
a N-4 ÃE.I;.l pitch ::f52-fflq~..,,d':itio:-'a :4zlit3>` y?~i~'4~"# <:+.~i3~i$?l~#.1':i~.FL?F? :iS c3 b xisF:=;iFIC:
v:;flm.t:.
iii Sa??'s~L..:. A i 2f? yS e?`5~: is ;i~=+, ~tL?F' i~.3C' NF.Ã .~.1:3:~:t.
I: #: ` ix.: `'F3; . , t.'S:i;a ?Jl5., -1,z>~. `=" 11,31) ~ losses at the 1`4!
~:?a~A =?lti:h configuration, Ãr:Q N--=2 U11 pitch õ
4kt xfi,gi.i,a[:~.>Y?K and the N "s Aa1l pitch i:t?#:iA3t;7.33"ae1o.i? .iiFS::
121 %, 7 %, and 2 %, C<'a~..~ F..rEv'L`l:s'.
Accordingly, a RFi'~~ p:??$3 E3. w:# Ll3i3g +..i`t3Ã3.s-Ti3,2'.iÃiC?i# W~th a F3lisi?bei of ivir?t>#E3g~ ~xraz.:: si greater 2Ã1 Ãi :1t? two cm-i yed:3ce torque x'i}~ple.
i-T_;: 9 -,,hÃ3w;, aI:, t;.Xt:=n3plu5% ioi">al DC dE," :[b?.itE;3?=t t3ee42'i :k 900 {C?f e.t'.; t?..-bÃ?st]"d apj)l?t3.#i?:.3., `flxu ?:G:'WOi3 90 0 Ã}:#e tr :xE?31 w {)f~' ~ E1. `?15 For t~ic.1:1~~~<';, each <?~. Ã~.t,:' 1'(..[?ti 905, 910, 915 c3;bG a distinct i1lm i.3f:3. Ski#p.
In some t:Ti3f?t3d>z::ii".ms, the :?4G# w(>[:k- 901) 11.4?li.di: two :?tfsh~sp`::t d #T3{i#:S3 geY?ez<iu?.S 92(1.
p:`.#'E ti#1d d:lc :4Ãcl;E?s3~rd sides 25, t3~? tE2 -`isef p1R3~~11`isFs-:i? #??~ic?di 930, 935 on, for ';~tt,xi{sEG, the t f~`{;, 925 f?4'v ~`,~" #C`, :~3f:. ship .1~`;.i'~,i,=`v 'SÃ`t.i.~.. f ~i of the sT1i). f~r,l<<.` ;1 ~`.. ~E:x? i e:tii~i?\ 5 can ;x;~?~~ il,y ~ i )=.
`~::, '>40i.~, 940c, Tilc 'ewÃvv't?#'k 90(~ #.ix::=fiUtie~ a back up IIS
geI3eT"r3Eoi' sy'it.t:rn 94ti.
i3t st?.fFAL ennbWh..ns>KTIu, :ii#iF3l...E iI~i:plc:i?:tt>T3Ic31.i?.i5 f:aIi.
be r";' 33l>i,fi?S7i3s, m?di3xF` 3oni i`#icte s, ai So3?t. LmbC?Ci i31 E3Ei tN~ cs4Ttc-t"sit(?n, 920, {L i3a b2 two 8 30 .~~1Wf .t ? i lt }1!.i~t.i 48 s.{,.1:!, ul.atZi< a#fl.~ 4 pole rotor PM \
ynt.h:i`\jt:olii~ g4.i5Lrawt ". EGtdh 925 C: -t~~:Y4wi'r3'~e'.is 9Ni', z~:~~ ii3 iyÃ:, for i'tir`#.i3:plL coupled to ?pri:tskii"; gc.~,, lui"'~.~1#3e:-, l31 si?#i)e s,?i:d3i)PIi:=S, ii>L SÃi:tÃt'+3" +;'t3it be wound Y i:ia spi3co \h[fyt',Ãi, ;Spl?t Phalss`.'=, i=4l.ElE3m` .3:''>
&ScF'#bE.<c witli Ãi? In 4{)f37a= e;1i:i3 M o-3+#asG w31?d1 ag sti. c<4: b=w t t~~ v i ~ ~i"' ~ L.Ã3.~~~.a ., ~ Sr~t `3 :i-;
4i=C~l3iZ :3a.:isi 1c.' ~v~. A~~t:liti. il.z~.r SYi'i E~~ :G, For ~:Ci3:?i~3lv, a~- Ã4 o" t l~: ~e t}:.w.
35 .+,J3...i;edtd #:i: Ã'#.irc3llO~Z m?fa .3!`t: fcCd]_!]j, < ::t:3-~Y3#ili?IF
'.'oit.i`~~bi1S 950.
`3;
1..: C# : r3:1n 37't?t piC.raell:clfit.237;:, the shl.-) li?aaf~;~, 940<: -, k<di E?4fC.E:E
t?Al'oteFa ^.. step d?i~~':l? ~a13.; S;.22L1s?3di3.; #iher.~ firt3l:i? i~'.tLh of ;he ll?duped:idwm i.i?I3i'i9i)5.1f> S?, t+.... t:?
provide 7"4).i23't# ;T. <_1_i3d 1iti?.itil sgri3%t27dls current ?~3t~~"~.
~:tF:3F1 OYr?E~:~ :~'i#., ma of E>.It: IiC.ew{3rk- 900, ;;3 SUlli<> i:''Cc3i?3A?e(:y, the zt ,?~~ti ~.iv'i`~.l-G:~ i::I~ i$%&? be ,~t:t~. from a i~.1i1~~='t.E ~ t..tlnn: ilz ciasc oi'a 2`a.iii;
~"::?C.~i.:.Ãp ~'6i~~+;~'zi#.??' JS'StE:~~'I7 t~5f) can be Iisi'=cl with 513~a. ~3`,-.1`i wiJ~`1r.~t}tiy,, fCi#" -u'.i.c#.l?i~;iv, a ~quF.Iiõ=.i$<?F' of I
N:~~' :~.x; at 1w,E~t 0 2~~I,. z~~ldccrl?fx~a.~:l~: ~~:~r N - 4.
lv, ,'I:e d<p-,<<ted <?mr:17ple, :Ãit- ~les;tlleal r?vtwc?rk- 9001 can xa cl.I;de om-b,<:rd ap 2:.:;it::ESiz:,", .SI.~r'; ~i - 4 dz#~l ii..~ ~3:r'i ~,Gl::C~r `tF#:ilt. ~a:!<'~4~.a C?,. :lli;
<?"CI"ifi:i~~lti?~"S {?1~~~, 925, 94 S i l :tl~i S 3 . ~';::i~ i.
r b? t:,, ;C: t>5fi ~rI?',, `~~s5, respectively. ~.? ~,. a[Z:il:iC
C:IT.iib?d~.'3i~,"tt~S, :i*~ rectifier ~"?I'.is'~;~aa .~~i5 .~`~~:;, i~6~
#~t v?Ii .:1'~.:;iSde aa-.t .i:cot'Ct'y di,3dex t:o iamd1t t}.ie high z;:i21dzdrnenCc'. i?'LC,tid.t?::t ofths;. 1>241ct3?d3-:;
(k iZ0 fl.), F"L?3 sh ivwe1 r%ltfllr.4 of Z='.~Uli of iliC: rectifier b# tig s 975. 960, 965 4:m-i d?'-Edftt:d power d;b?dcin by N. b, sE)l3'!e t;'t?7bC)dirne13is, the rectifier bridges 905; '96il, 9,65 can be air Cn:7:t3` C~I' r2.q13..d C:+??ttC',. 8.11C> can i?i, pfaa"` 3gC'.d inlo t>t?i' ~,eIl.i'ra:sir hÃI`:.:s1.i3;?. 1i'1 st?Sl'2=:=
i1t]"t?:Lx3?i,n1lc#:i<?3i., #:-:E`.= S ..3li:T'si:i?r package C;:i1'i iFi:l'side a i::?a1.~?'ca.:.Ã'i'Ed?'.~'w SoiEc3;v DC ~o-_`.?C:l'F3id`I
15 with ;;l?teggrzz4.t'd p#"d3tOt,.9or;, switch gw23r. ; and DC iTitE'2fati::
bus b21,s. AIe st?i.,~.s=` cmbwfd.i:,...42]t4; the ;I?Qt1y`i?~k- 90.~ i:am 3ncei'ade PIC2 ..i`C't:1've d41'icLS to isl1la.C: a ~'t'all.iwv 4C n31ti.#]L or zZt12.e is-Itkt C
C~t,irr:lt.":c3.3<~ : t~+.i ,~xf<:. i?~'i.:'~.~3. u~4'"'~f;=~::i3.
T w, i?::1.e?+`i)t'~ 900 distributes DC pC?wt::l' a.rd:?SS ti?c'. O?.l]:I. As ,I~~:`,~L Il, .:ai?: i i?,13:13:ix;I7.
vtDl:mwre Mo-S 9-Si...S ;?7_'.~ ~,>^c,poCi. Th,; c>'.i123A"?o3i t'i1tlagc' tt7e3S 950 4z?iI be {axe~.ded ctccihrÃ?I23o t? F,:v ~ .rr r r~~-:
2 i? 1Cr2?.':5 i~Ã9: z9:~t. `~~t5 'uS$31:; St~'it;ai I:i?tT~;~~ilL.' t~7~}i ~`i}?vC:, 970d, 970e, `s.~i. III oFIe.
example, 970a'f 1,.:.i:i: c,ect? 1Ca.i3 r' isolate i+avS of t3:'C, lone'O
905, 910, 91:5 `t116.,'.I: that ttt:t. _i?Z:i:wt?'k 900 i:t.tii be reco=if>gie md by c.dd.'PiS:~,~, :f2"id'C.I t'C'.I:E?l L3l?g 85t?aF3Eed z:33iN. 1..1 5?a:a';Plc.-, the Ia`..`1a:i=d tCs13i:`=~ 9Q' 910, 9 I._s f.3.n pr(?l'3.de S;v`v'`iE:l?,1 I':;.dL#i1dint,'4 i:2'ad fhmiH 11y: F(3f +`uNti?.3Pl., in #:<lsv of <i filLllt l2l t?11s: or more of the zones 905, 930, M; the p?Sd'.,a t?i' Eh.: 2:1t?f?rs-, 25 93ai, fr_iS, and d,e loads 9-40F: w t,sli: -,:I~l b~ f.C>d from al?L3fl.f.F :fd?d3i., In V4?:..s32:1:3 tati?
>wxtci::cs AaÃ:u:Irc 9,70'a-1f`4an bs:a 1j.aiciit'c'utiÃ3atal or b.idix'zofion.il sma:aco-nehtitLa: s~.~,~i.a.]?, si7filld )WC'. iC:li'c'; 0i' V3C. HikG.. ~.,^:Yi_23g the `'iwif.d:=3.F ii.tSj(.lu]t'.:
9,70i3--"i, ti'IE I'litwt f; kp. 900 C'.i3r. :1s3:'.olmw :3x'`.~.~
or 113C3rC. Ne.a o: t1 3 iiil i34 i7S the w`e3;C.F'seti?3 s 920, 925;. 945 ?'d'CaI11 .it; ct71 F'<.5pt;sixdl3z~?, p.`[aw eSS:iFtif.
Ãt2?di?ies, l3;':d;'.^.r to Jlzi,i?TF?.ecÃ: d.33".~C' or more l3i'i.cc~sI:i?M
I?it)dLIloS :3`C?la"i the .i?n,i gL ma.r 950. hI
.s.Lt `7tl,i'G` +;'.l?1lb8?di3rnc,;.:.t4. the aaetwi?I'k 900 Sab4tttnl3.ctlly ami#.3ia3.i. the <1.ti;it7i:fF3tti. .lj windings Ii: c}z.:
off i5i'sn~l~ii)3:A w, j,iL t?1< .:,ymml]tilg sets of w?l3uffia1,4 wId .i?:it5diliCS:+ s:Ã?Fl.tmxl:2s:: to, Ã:.>pu2 3,e as111;?-activ.'.hM switch #133e.lli:..::a; st`. itt:h121`i_'Ã)lli.rol ~3~aY? i~ti. In one C.x.l :np"L., In d':t..= .+i'CmE of +.Il?efi3?4,..e..rl#:r.. .:zie Nt{_i <iC,, tia w ;d1#]x`~..f;i, :hi:=
SVStC;aIl: C:i?.l1 operate w1lb N-;1 winding sets and the co7:E.Ss?z?3:if #'?{õ~, N > 't7ri:i. sli.`:g I:F3C"IdLll::,5. I1. `c?rxi=
!sC':I, l3e electric iEls,chiI'tw tma};' bC"
S~ ss_7. i.a;i`i'.d 3:i? <ai, i` . cirl`a,.3.; ict;Fii.d.f#.ii331. bl slilE?tl1e:r ixexl?1,3.4, th( , C.'E'i:a of G: i:ii:..+.I'ufn zt._. ."~t 1:
t.)3ti., of t1t.ii~ d?; Lzci`:ssmg' .a't:f s (C.g., CE?e 'to opvfi or 4ht?rt cil'4LiT.
in the or . i??E2'i~:~ of .-l3L sw1EchzL1C3L;L#le:? 970a .: may be >r3pLned to diSCt#7H7#tGi:1 .he fail[;d y3?(?d.y.+Q from LS3Ã: f-s'si.`.,1{ited:l `F #il.`'.iFtfY j",a tht: L, <;'h<Fi(s. s3Y?#3'f the vol1a4_e b'll,,.
In St?bfLL exaf3.p1es, the 31:twf:3rk. 900 r:at3 i`~.cia.ice i3.ai'mt`?nac lo.ss cs ~vifÃlc ,..;zv:i-- , p::,m,ve zt.c3ficr I-S3t'. .a#"3w_nf 33 a3t 'Z.ft?I"^.Y:i, With f73113A-'Yi:"il hAf'afoi3:i: t C?ti}3 3?~F'~iS ffil'i<s #I:E#, the a..`:t:"s-', I3.
t:sox3x"c E~I?.~?~ :i.:: .~c3=.-?i:~ Ox 4;Lilt?Iz3+i4.3' 9-.{,4.''}2_`-:3TLdii-+' 945 ci3Ii titS.?Ste.E.I3Fl illy ?'Z:dw#:: or 4~.l?.i"1:#.I2<i :', dis: need for 3 rI3 <i>:3cL: 7ctivc reCtlaiei';+ '#o i":di#Lv cost, sl.i';C>, and/or 4tuig,?t. For e:<%3E2:plt:, bLLiwAIt ? ~~:wE.t.`>i ~:"<iTi f? , ~3I~~lE:i :fiuuI 90ai3 v~-ht;3'1 going frC3S:i3 c..?=tn\?C to po*,h1vt; ,t.E[t3cE`s'.
Alad1ficmcilk', by C:liIi31.#li#Ii;3i' tiii; A4., D~.~` power %;teC1i'vt?.i:
b1:E-liX T..s`. block (NEJ3.~`!) 5;:.n, fl3' lt?$.d.
.t,snL';I`tL.3 (i?ecc3i3sC: DC dist..Ãl.-:.Fi3oi] Sfi 11;ri.d)õ cii'2 <3-va:C'iig: of ,1F.Si''tr #:E`. 40% 'ml.hc1. :''.=d3.ic;E#Ã?ai #:i3.
I ?:.' Wt'1 ,.z1:%S3.?L^ ;.:t; r.~e AC .l'e''.#3u..;wit3-i.? Lihiv:.5 can be t)b ,..11*ie(f, In 3F.lc +, .?feiTi plo;. oL..t; or I.I-1t?; c t?a d;c ;?e-1~.:#'a4Ft?I ~ i~, `3 '~?, or ~.`~~k5 can 1:i23'`. a ~'1`~:.i4 ?~
f;~T%1,~3~3I'{]~.iti? i~::~w` ~8". a Jt #igt?3 of i2r?P ~'i3xi#31ÃiFs';l5`
53' a 3soig'.'>t of E3pp!-t??;.lm:il;: w' 1865 lbs,. and a piivv<=T
;ens7i14' of <1pi3i'C? x#Iilad:elt 2-17 or .. 770 k i~~' f m'.
UY:iTi, IE=Yii;wrs, h:f+f ] t%.y:-tLi#2 7~ +~~~3i~f :`3L1- %t~,'z331~P.
a:.f1~ i;]w#:A 3"L1-:Tf3-Fig :'~i.3:i3.:
, T~f. 1_ i] ~l~ tib e ~ w::iT'i ~ t,. x Ã:iF2 33t; z3c a ~tr ~3i~;~i :~t3.aii 4?ici~'.3~,it.4. a '331{t ~~l< F' S~'~cbi,~r~b.~i~~I3t\~
~"r.: f-i;?`t<..Ii~` ~ ~ ~~ using 1".3s`ivS Fstli fF#-s. In cl : Mt1-4tnaF3i ? it3iplL'. a :oiigl7lv 2% hi, 7,1.t t~.~"a..i4:::.c;1 :<3F1 be ad"FnL''Z"i;~d ~#^a3..:g A;tass.v<, ?C.ttflif;',#ri {i3 Q;3 rr?aL'. I.3 active .C.ut3~:fiel''a', In St?:.~ie caaLi3tPli"s. sys3+:`fll eff.i6t e:f,5 ::aa result a;3 bLti'.r ti's"`.1 C.'ffiL i'Ri'.=S'.
1T-t?S'S:i' In S;_#3te .'11?~?t3+~-_#3:Ca E-. the gLnt:=rmt?7'~ 9210925 945 t:<iai it.3:i?t ). wider prime 20, spt:E;d range Z~i:iYtF i3'E<'1.13'4k.?l:.fl-,,g i:i?3"Ai-rC?l-leCi i?i3Ej9i:#i ;f(. :~ac .tb:Ad. point 4.?I3tLf'ta::8's. As, m:dv5oca:?:;3 i#.?ovc; 1.'.1.it?:".k W.0 i:-;., i3 be a fault LoloIi3titi 8b'il:e1-It Rit': ti? .h., I'd-.ifldmw~.' tNT aecfifias;i.
,r11L#?:1a?h i>l'.3' afii.i# tiTL nclw'o~~ 900 can lead Lo hi<FhGr system .3viiil<3bisi1:y (N'r i), :CCg3-exi:m,plL.. By .i \ iTi~'.y 1'tYi3:al ~s.3E "~:EL';#3y distribution nilCi 3 TtGll:fgi`.1t ,pC>.if.d st`Ctt.,a: fmamwg-kii:~.'.i'1';, S`'it~.~t? Pt'+#i3, f:i-.".o-'Ã:=s c.io, ,z.s:f:w'a', limited negative effLa i'+Tl sy Ã'L'1T1 t?erIoi'manCe since 900 '-il:. be di<'e+- ??'e<;:a in such a way tl:e3E enables iiLSi?Li3:it10 bypass C}f the (le gnrEadcd swEL?3`i.
In O~it S::Cp1=.'stLd ::xi3.,.3'.pl4, $},it i idit2<3sf~:f'~ WO, 925945 can have ;?cirallL=3 c-pL3:6t?E?.
i':3~[3r; a ~il~3%i-"-.Ci3i 316..2:3'ts'. iC}~?[7lii~?~%. In some #..:'Ca3..#i1~?$t ~, :lIi~. }?~"[3<"ii3Et 3 ~~. r t+~~`~
9.".5, .945 may :?ptic>mf'N il:=t:1#-t3e, t.ran..fmmer (.11'"k}. FIG. _.0 s,"b.c?~~s i~;e-,iphani plots 1300; E#_ 20, 1040, 1080 of DC t'3.&fm'1Ã fi?F" di, ~-~ee'cii$ cist.s cif back Olt.?c.,f.?1f1.: E#.'i: fc~`ri's=^~c tvr?id'oi : u t~x:s, s~:fl ~='~s~ti?s_i~:f 1.~#'~:~. `1i~~ ~?1.?i 1000 4I3?s~~s a i?tL~~ It?..a~.~; ~:t~.*,'4#3.Ã ;i)`~ l:?:tf and 3:I33õ'4iL1':aT: ``^i"idiryt DC i;fLix'Z<i'3:`t for a :r'4?stcE:ti [islE?.wT IM'5. +riio plot 1-020 sh;si4 ;i a tssWd I t}adi ci,ixCi'it for ~''~ load a1:tL . 13i&'3tawEi ;3riC~f':c DC cEzrz`t#3e rC??' a system wBEhiJL3i IP'I y and ~O3cY..:-f?iib.l back EMR :ii? pik? , 1040 Sh]?~~s a, o-o[i:kl lttild t:?3.f-rC'.1.5.t for R
load ai3ti iT.id2i'if3,ksii' DC
~.Lf..tai~t ~il?F a3 5yti.t~:#s. I~~T`~ #33ki.~ i~:~li<3.l ~?i'~L::lYc FMF.
~,l3( .~ plot W,'~}8~> .w+E?.~t~:'e a ~.
I.;~ r#lti :? i~L::~.
with ~ ~~ Ei~.:_~ :~~ ~`::
.
, ;:i3.tat?:~1 back ~.'~~1~ :~~a,..c. actual , ~. :t a:> ..E
~~
atr #:ia:t3i'Q`b`e pC}'we:I' density, the gf.i7t'I`ftEC3i' 920, 925y 945 in'seiy 'fi<Jl: :.F_c_f#.dt> i,olftt[Lf3l tnaIk:+-f?rõneY`s ui2Y~:L Iffic a'acflti'.il pi.~11i`.s of :4'iFlCa`i.iag 4E'.t c3l'4 isolated 11ii;)3"i]. Cad:# 'sffi['I'. l'bi' i?.ov~4's?.i'k 900 can Iia.::,udt; a simplified grc33.itadfi1y s6,hL:f1:iu.
wiFii .Y.AIa.FIt,.F~ ,?:(:1.Et,i.ii pi?FEx¾ iol1..ag:' ;4}i{'E?õFg i3t.t'4,'teii the ,t :.ui't3tti>Ea 90 925, 941 U;:.II3g the st]Tlp.3:xei$ sT:1uI;.:2 ng scheme, Wi~
n .vvt53-k 900 czin ra. chwo s,yocIiln col$iToi or filtering ;af::il,'..[3'Ic4.
1_.? S:.}::.C the i3i1'wf?fk 900 i'.`-m be interfaced -wi(I a rnii<?cc4:+}.`, ih.it 4:3,i ff.s3.Ew sna<te3.--:dmv :i?tI?:I11<3;id5 I:o the eYe#:'fera3.t?T:"i 920, 925.
945 tt:I dd,'L't:I rC;ftet i' .,~:~iat,oi and ?t,s{3d S;?~.`~Ei3:t.`? on chL-:'oit:igC Nls. 9R~< In other FITij'3]eTI3en1ct1:#?Il:i, th~.:'4'i?fttage co.Fatl'i?: c3IYi~ l'vr:?t. S:aFil"3f3g i}n the 4t3R.af?;i .)iawi 950 {;=f.il2 be w,f3iA:C3llcd by FiT:i:v3.?'.3 vi1ft;a,g4 ikC?C#p Li;7Il:roi. w: t c.e`.h i_i1,ik: Pd3:E:;:
,E :?f +: hii. gicI?4.atf,Is `}2Ã+5 92-5, i?Iavii'lt.i'. I_i'3 soinc f'a,?~yL3#?i'nF~fl :. :~aG <ZpcIiI f11g .It:Lj#:E`.3 C! 1':if3g 945 can tze W 12 ~~~ln In sw3Ae vxa:xi~~ies; t1iG, qIaality of t1-ic~ DC.
l.aik cFm bc i.~zpis?v:>d wiÃh<sxiÃ-Ãr.e need for i33 a.reqI3t ai:=ytiwaõh1.i3g Tc1.131rs or any Re#`#d3w co;.f3.pi333[:3its.
FI'Y?, .., shows an, C:xe#:I3p.:3I) '*ysteF.ta r.1410 that is cf:piib3e e?.~~gcf1e`ie3tit1`õ,. and E]'E9aFt33"iE1g~
U3.c :;L';.tt:Ã::2 I 100 .ni;.iLlde5 a ge#1eT.Ifi33;s 5Ii1;?~ ~ 105, a power ~.~ii?CEi=ss3Iig i:-a4.''. 11, (3, E?3:id a I :s InoEf:3Yifig S ~ wi: I 115. Tht', v'Ilt:3'aEi_i3g s::.If?e 1. 105 li'idlidE;~, fi ~'t:i1E:~TaEs.3I' I 120 to got:te:I'1te AC pi?ett';`.;
1".:?,i?.
c...,r; I'.?; . ~#.2i)..,;. ~.I3.~:~i3i~4 a :4',..ilf>:~~ b~'f~~~l ~3~
tiCi'i~:'~ of ÃÃ?C?tla yI:'3:IE~t~..L~S s'{~r3T:.tiu:~ by iiii.;~. La ~'~3i~
t.
i:7;3;ltbdGs four sets of w3d'idIi34;a 1123_E, 112511;
depi4:.ik~ ex.i333?ie, ihe tei'3:Gra #Ik. ;tf3fji: 310 `,,...kyi;;, 1125Cf. fla0 v5 sFaliags 112:`i3 -dt'.'r):E3 be <3I"mI3:?ed .`">.IIbSE<.I1ttc'Lly in .#1t: s;S?iti ~s? this ,:? ~: 3 :
of the su2t`i'. 2 lt'] f}e i"W]f?:ys 1125i3-d l:al? A31cl3#d4= M pI,acISG;o.
t.l:<i#:.3 t t?:~., i::ii ~ )f e. ~`
w>naln=ws 1125w~~ includes :hi-s:.e p}.iascs: M o3;~ie: examples, M can bc two, three, .iout, or (`tb1:'::' numbers grC:kti.l .,r or '.,qli%Iz to ti?c[.~. By m's3y of i.ail:1ple, and not h;.a;E3Ial1of] :.i;..~'1 of tht' b4'> iEa>lli, 3` i25<3-d I?'iat' hu3S'E 15' ph.isc d1t-l.,3t:F3t'c ff'ortx ai~J,4.tce$a.t GF`I:3Zz1.iig4, Ii: 4oEla : ~ f3iS3~?~.L ti, i1a`'v' s;i'`.e ~iaÃ:::t in :-3][', `ri~#.i)t~.13.X~Y:3 1i25zi-d~ can substantially I'f:~..i~f:~G'~ a ~`.ai3i`1'3'_l~)iE.i. Cfi`gi It..a:i ~?f a i ac:C,si3;ta., f1i.o, <i first 7'f:qtl.ei3'<:'S' F"sSiacgC: d'+tl'#Ilg 4TpcI'iitii31`I.
11.:' ;`t?w.:r pf+.3s_.L.::?3.afi` stage I 11.0 #Ill'.hadu:i grLi;.L:=a'ae-C33` side iLti.,.>t,e: t;"i{~~.i';t s .. .,,1Ã:~a.
1I `;trb, 11s0>.::, 1130d, capacitors ~ 5a, :t 1:?5b, 1135c, s 1'~5d, and m:3to.r side . . 4Ã)<F;
1 14011), a 140<:, ~ 140e;. 13:t Ou"s exwn~pte, cac.ti C'itiFe ge~ne.=<3.or sEclti r.:ctitzer biidges, I 13`3a,-d ;, coupled fi3 c3 l'7[ rc ^j3r,'} 3~~:3:.t* set of 4t fi'Edingis I 12.-~"~,:-d tE) receive AC C'+t),,t't-I 1rC3'F ; ti?e. g~t3<'.d'<3#.E:?r ,#<.gc 1105. x:,.,ch of fl'ft yi'>iC#sEt(DT'.s.d< tif~#rf I 33~it~{?ÃS
.130:i.=d i3.,Oi:#des i:b;f2'. pt3i'Ã:.s,: ~i~;.
,>ffiz<r ~xani33leS. ~,,h~ r.c}3.ltt' 1?rii-Igos `. I.s:;}<3-ii cI3.i1 ÃawFi,3de M input pa=.Ãs in whxc; ~`a is~ tiA;:
iliAla:1ber of i3h:3y:,s in .ea# b: cii uh.e ");3'e5p(?ndii2g windings. Ttli.
#"Ci .IffE'_`,f- bri3g<.ft I _I N,.i d c<'3. .3 s.i?.3St:.i': the i-cS.C:t't'.d AC power into ii.',aiEb;e(.clltfi?k:la' DC
power for i?f3tpt3I, E's''Ly . (?ft~,e :Z'..4,'.6fie""
~:;. LLF~zk::
bTaLigC'.::3 `iiN3i: vy incI.iidL.. 'a twQ ai.I~~e.`f3i pi:4oti- TOoi1;".?h d'#.e output pC)ll.+, of ir"'id`;..S I~ y~~t3 t:ia:iiZy i.'t: d:<:3I'k.i3(.t..4i: tf) ihC'<
i;.1I:t:sj3oi3t."~iaiVg s c3ki3.Cltoi'3 1. 1 335i3-+i, 1:f3C h of ffiS:. capacitors 11 _?h.3 ? is c1?.Ppled to i.bC:=
corresponding Ei#E.'_+lkn side I,.`svC:3'iC',i'S.
T}ze ,,.ao:i}r ..ad~f- ~ :iY14extt.:, 1 140ii-d can -iCi.L.3:vf: DC ~.+'orY'eF
f:'L3Li3 the ColFÃlr::o N,rti i:e:~d ~.DL
S'+i#2p?:it V:~ v~..i t~:? .~:+:~ a:IiC3ti7x'..sCt.'` '~.<i?fE. 111:?. In ~.l?i:# G?sFi31~3~a'4,~ t.~:~`. f.cI)cEti~:~.f1#'ti ~. 1 `7i3 41 i,?ii~t~
lilE,itidE' ?.hei i:s.,mLF:d~s fL):' filie#'1i1g t2a.deti:{.=d frequency CCxiF3po#!tf?ts at3 the pt_.~'Ss.;[' s" ix,l'<3.. fi:i Itui C.~~=2~:4G#.l~ ~u ~., a=G~??~E'Sifti #.i3<]Ei0 ~~lZ~~C:tii i zi#i crl4i) ~~b, . 4 si, Ii) d1c 6ei3dl'3'i.ti #i3iplciliC .iltm3.5333. 1a3f, ft'=Iit,iti`ii?#" 4idc r0;'.tfiE;;" S?f'do;e;-, I 130.3:->2 and :hi:
ii`S,i?ta13:` side iY?'6G:":8;i's ..40ii^d are ioi-itTet'tfid in p'cmfflt',l.
In oth+:.F' I#i1~?n ,i~#..,3y L>I3~. i?fl:lt.:' G>E3ibi..:i1..ti;4 .?.. series kii3.d pc1mflLl Os3ni3Ze:#i?n can be OseGl ts,S >Sai3.i3...+.:t ;33c ~,?~:El:;#<3.~xF' tiis;iÃ:
.x.L #..~fiL:a bridg~45 x3i~r'3-ti e3T1d, di:' :i3`wtoT side ?:;:3,+.i`I'tSS:i's i 140{E>`t;. For G?F<zr'q3E'=, the Eecx"ftY
io b##d;?e:3 I I30<.ai41 aT.4:~~: 0#.~~ inL..#8.a#s 114041-d can k connected .i`i a common vo.lui:Ft_ bi3v in ~'t4 of in z ~4:7i1.h Gi:~># } group is 'v st1u2.ti-tfi~. ~ 3Ii ps'.~.:i~l`
~~`~3 ;es~"'tõI,.\ to ~",.
k3'~ t!=?, , ~t:~ as i~~4 i`#~,\GSi Fi ~c, t .
~#
~~~..
A~ z3ii .t..itit?:z3aiiC' t".l:i;anp1i:`,, the tcuffli':.E'bi:idgLS I.
{...ii"t be c(?:il:ii:tLeC. :n. r`v r.S zis~cl t33e reCrt3fit..," F;E',.igoS E ?.?Ot -d ymi .?(~ ci3mc<~i.fd in ssedlEi:i.
1E2 St3i'tzC. .:\d3:fltx7.cS5 the o.tCy":.s ?~~'fl)t.' 15 gyC3tiIp the ?'es`.'.t#.f:ii;'.-i' bridges 11 `l 30:i b can be coIi#Ik.`.t(,C_' tE? $ile l:zipziGitt?',.'s I h~i SoI.ilÃ' t;Ka`'1F11~334~5 ti i'. ~i3i}3i-#t4 of t`n':e. ,-rC2Lfp of tht'. .
(;ctifii.:' E?I'ii_l..~=i;5 11 30t;-d i'.c.Fl bi'; ci?#:iFlw=c;ed to the Ãaptii'.itf?i"~ I 1335..-<i; Ii Si%#:T3e ex..mpDle5õ two t?i more of ti7L;
reLEÃafle:' bridges . .3i..i (: .iFi~'~u~iP>"-?i?4'on+:.t\ ~I?O.t d Gti`:': 5hf1aG, ti t:SSi~..3I.13i>#3 t~t,'ltcE;fo bt1S.
cll" exF33exp le.
Tli':.` motoring 7tiig`L' 1115 AC pi? :Z`t'.~r fSi?#:t3. .iiC:. .ilZ t.:
z.ui':~ 1 40ti..i1. Ii; tfi:' 20 depicted t fiF:E:ilipl::, the i?.?titt`t>isg stage 1115 includes fot$S sets of windings ?15i ii, 1,150bs 1 l`?k 1 i 50d.. Each E?. ;.LÃr `i'1Fld::Ii1,s I I 50z3-d c;.iii ii LO~:m AC
Joi3 ci- #[o~F~> r,:ie t 4(;,i--d, .I x3i.' i3:ioi:i?rF.ii:;~' St #'-t`< 1 S 13 Iili;lEkdl h a[33o(.<?I' 11?5. In s<?;.i3.c 4?ziil . ples> the motor . 1:.'5 can iZ,S.eJ vL electrical :;~.3itt4'ti=r 1iC.rE3 tk-tk.."=
Lxr'EYid`a:t?g.ti`. I. 50e3 d and E?:dt~.tuE In..cf):F33:ii4:3:l 26 aii. :i#:iT:i?.. >eaip~ lsik:h speed, hi#?h pi}w'#' applications can l?t::i: ~ ?nifzS::#i:;.~':
tZ.`x.j:i.:>ei3i,.i?::2> on tiie pvr+`C:1' _le4t1:Ã?i3i.'S: ~1'}i3cf:i 1:13tiy s#::..'_i_xfif:=i:lnr:d i Ã>l+:':'.`s.:zi~..` t)_if.. tvLa<w :
.!';i~~.keF'a i:t',sE. #vt,kltiUiUy, s?:'?vz, cost .:<3.< be tiSgi3ifii a.LflA i?igE3<',2' that3 #.t`,.i: ri'z3z.=h#.i1w= ,_t?'s"E. li't ;:e'`P2?e~
.I fPlC'.i?'lc.iai:Et:a, xln dei ti'ii.; di4tf'#bt3iii)s% p;c3tfLyrt'n deti1FeA fi?# a timti'?tL..3: 5#1C.ls ~-" ii:< SySic:t?i :00 may foi tiS C`n d:i-vC optimization i3i1ti d?Ta:e 23A3A al 'L':Ti#.t3<=
x?iiiz3md >i ,s to drive i: k;Sz.b1l#ti.es.
30 I_.. SC?x >.H 5;.x#i mplw:1, iili ai'f'c931ei-t3t.'.nt of the ;iy:+tZ.nn 1100 can I.SZ?lcb N 11unnt`3S;$" of itz.3lt.iple tnfAiJlu.t .{Lw dfi1;? sYn4yli' or N :,t.[tiilf SiluMph prine Qõ{
5 ph:isC) stator la SC?ni:L: m3.Ãi3pi4.ti., d1ff(:seFi.i stator wieidi:i3g,. iliFiSligc.:l"fellt:i can be selP;:ii''w'd based +.3i'E 3:''Li( 'ceit '.:F?.d voltage ?v3EL8i:t'<3_..Z,:3:..5, 1.11 ,:o;;nt' >3a`Fplt.;i3ei3tcit#C3ii39 t4E
;.yiEet;3 1100 can it?cdEicw st.?t'it< ii.tt>f?4 high speed n3..:s hi::i <?#?d i; L ?izawe4wi"i; For is7 si-t?plC:=, fl7.c geneIm-t?T 1120 :`r t.:3e I:z;f3...'sl' 11 55 >.,<i#i be .35 .Lpiz,i,od i3':depi.,.idti::iltlt wiihoi1: ii.+3E a.~~'1:I3f ttif.:
pe,wL~l prC?cLss:i:t4-` .y.i3z;#. a.a it;:ll?t:
e"mai?:i33lt.'S, the sL'Ntem 1110 can be a Gt"st r;, ftccfi-vr; high ~qpLJt.u Il#gh pi?wer si?li: Ifti3.
;'t3. ;v. z..:5.<e.??'xple:i of drive si?llit:C3m, can be applied a:Ci the htrsh Spxt,-Y h;:ÃTI power :i (l2`13a.., tsw `st'3f 4'~:~>zi? :s > ? ~aiY.3 i?f?~i''L'i F23i#3wa t#s I:-? a .Ili7f3Eilar .;~3Ã7#i?:3C.iF. .~t~ ac ki# ki ~3I; fx~~L:=x speeds, i3 .~.`;::i cIi>??f?f?Fil.i( ,is: ~3<. :'~`#`=# t=i=[ÃaC3ne3t :ili<
Y' f~~Li'i3Ei;, ~~'a.~"i a .3:i+s~?G.. A~2 ~ ~~ea the ? II# si:>z? .' .;1,ibs?dlmC;lis, a systC.i7t for h?,dõh SpeCd ``CldeE'."iI;.ng ?pÃ?l#cai>oIt: C=4t;1 !i#cI:ita<< a w13tJt.dx ii4C.?aai?. ti. -Fo:' C=IFiIE?=$?le, Uhe,~,4.; a.ipp.Ã#<:i3:lo,?iS
L.i3Se lilC:ll<3C: gas t:#.'.?ii14. d,'Ii ] c?t:A'i~'s;:"
C>i,#I _'Ix:Er3i.. turbo 4X3?aa:a<"i f['s.: G?ihi3:iiE recovery applications ,'.it i.tc> :13eaSi'Ã 52.,.~~l;f?,~~F:~.
eT32#.?4,s, F3.,t, :`a;.,..` i.?:pax ll+:;n, aii2' WÃIatd' l:?`.~ia c3?f`I
waste ;eie'"A rf:a.".ovG3 S' :IÃ~Ã?Iw,~: till ;, ~32 S:a#r.#3 ;t]~.`,di3:iCY3tw~ef?#tS. ali e?S.ei`.Iipli.T.#"4 C3n-;?f,Eid -(rat=X"ititI:on s4:?$cm vi .i ,x>z=W& F=t lr yt3i RpcZ.d pl;.3.~e i i- I{3: u'. ~,fx as a 4, es i3s f. ~~" `I,''` ' L#;ii~Ã1#'Ct> to =Z' #'.3le~;,i ~i~~ high >~-, 4ilf. ~`,s,#i"U aii~?#.Iai:, which '~~i.: a ,f~speed AC Permanent Nxa.agi?.L=i (PM) Gc:i3(:I"aai}1'. In C3vw L.'d.ei:?:Ã:3l4, tht~ stator fr1 :i-IÃ: 7tI.1LraÃoi' 321i.hzdf`=.I a :?ia LN,3 of >,,3YE'L: p>it'?.hc w,mcLÃiTl~s. .~,,FE:=.2 SoÃ
of a E~~i'dr't phase "%i~1.F7.Cl1~i ; Il:? Ã<'C;in a tÃlin.e-Ã:3h,;5t :,i,~ ,~l#:~~f'= f3'#.od(? ;> Edr`Y:~. In itilli.2 t:xz?II]p36;s, dFc stator c,~a ilti: ,~C'feI::ia.?. 3ai::fti,Ãe~ (N i .Ã?hz.ss; -w:ÃIlc~ings. E3,.F-} &i# t?f _!I Phase wi.:?:(hnÃ;4 xxi;y '.Gcd an NI-Ã??an, ='~INq--puLso r.s .swo#'~M) ~ W diode b?`I<aMC>. T;?..: 3:2=#:p3ifts of i3.'li N diode bridges n:ba3.y be t'f7S3:i3C4L:te6 ?n ptaxs.3ltC i. :L1a L'-,~umm~.~lC.>>
add~ =.i=cti a zl.Iitlft D(~ ~:.:. k ~i:,~=., vtilf3,.,ia biis). .Ãn '4"t.f.Iima<i e.:Y.iample5, ths:".~..~C 1I.:`zk `..aZ i6,.f: tZ#:#L-`: or ; ;t)fe. DC AC <3nd'C?r DC^I_)(. t.i`,33'f'=rt::ni ttisia 11'a1 ;;t;I:Ei:#c'ti=f: flac required <?.r#:pt3w, vS3E c7.g-t. ;;E&, a SaPId alone s:3p=3~ y t;i' <'3$ part of a (Hti:fibI1iC:li t U3'ic# {itiC323 Ji'sEs..3?7.
S..r m2.: ..32bixi:fiFz?.E'='3'i$.s a:? iN. >?a.e one t?t n:tli"e ad1'ai2tav,d.o :21 V,IT`di?fIS itpplI..: il:t?tis, such ....
20 ihy.:t`= Fl: bTV.;....-.;.. Sin c2?~cYF3i` play a kign#.fi'+:.am ri?l.'.
;:LlC.Lt.irF?:x thQ plaox''.=i: #' r.42"<~:?tM
:?#.3wd c.bxa.Ic#az ,i:.I?ct'Ia:iolz SysiG;t?'.'eS iiik#=_: heat rivl.+lC::`'4 tiY~[='=i,:5).
,,.?af .?FIpt a(-y ~~fA.bod:st,.r#1 : 7a a ZIT1tt, '=y5`:zli'l are tÃd_sC#'3'I)[,'~a d. .? L. S. Ãy<iicit`: Appl.Urt Se_1 ;
fai AS'6-Ã;88M ::>:iitlc.6 ne.'gy, C'onvL2':Ilof2 System" L~~, Raf:d ct a`., filed on 1 ?,'08.'20CÃ6. F=:3, purposes of an .Htislit'_fiti: e:4<3#:27P1fi;, tha;,i#>a.loaiIes of t.?e i:Ã(;:t?.iled dfi.;ia:=I-#Ã?l:#.o53 A??.~:Id?ns. i's#:Icl '~1_.:~ ;,rt?##'L:.Spo#idi3a~,'gn#io1 arE.~:m U.S. Patent .AppE1C:iAl1(?f3, 60 M4.882 aE'Ã:~ ..::conpd.Sici#:d'`ii 110I.6:1 by i~. S i41".s f_ ~Ã? i..3zr <:lif'lAÃ 3#:i~' ~3~#.:#d~~Ili~, -ai'3:1uif=.~
are CÃi::wi'I'#b~'~.I :ita the t~,:i"f':<?ti..f:::i %i:i a alxaÃsi.ai or >=~G.Stiii#~r. ~3 3Ã. ~~%S:: 1:d-Ad:t?f?C. Ã}li:t: 3i=#4=li d;~a.x~f c i?:t[=".: [?.EtF.EC?3:i's r"": to ahae: oÃof?1FIi1;v:i?f :i.,E~ <3~.? ils3a ;EFi~`E?t~c:tk to <?\?j3~t 1i? G;ll, ~~i23hf2t~ii3zc:.3l-disclosed ~.It:tf'#~I.
A>:bs_s2-f, :1 v.3t'iit,.::i ei.a2?'ig7l4: have boim dà s<.3 #bed with a~.f T~
3: ~, ad3 i4'Fe f,.?th,:z t'.`tT2bt3dIlnel.ii:i si o possible. For example, sf#liEv C.iYBt risdim'.v13as :?x.y bf: adc3'I,?rdJe, b1 ?'xC.i2#I?`fF1.`x : '~ i: SlÃ`i ~i%1L~tx.:i k3;. the ;^~..i$t?~', ~`3'F''gFlg 4i3i'.~a 1'sr'3 -I~>ti iT?~4-t;x:i1'E~~lf'., ~'f~.i'~diL~:', S;"L'u.3 eii. _ may, _ additional p^<hi.ia .y~.~~ bet-wt:i:z .E winding s:.d.`+Ek that f71^aL
ESI?~?Cf?~'fi Yt.itÃ?' t.s.IiY?s>313G
i...F.iUe,i<?.iC`A:, (?'4.:,rIi j? (C.g.s sl:i3:d1214;) #1s12l':1iC3T2, wi?'e. layout as a. I't_`=f.a,,4 .:C3 ' C..1 li.t?#.r= :, #i?t?tc.axi3L'e, i?,?.z.wi`a::dr?g a3.'L`a the 1i1wj ?:n#l:' be :Gk,' 4tf:d w iake. 1d.?a3:#)f3:;<: o: tt:?
li?ip2'i?i'e sE<?:s;?i trc's.(iC::alsilEsP2#, fnt:Ã1.idEI2g. Ãi?r i:'Y.i...a=.Fe?.Ã?l4, in <'IYrbbF.:ue3w#:P';; with ~==.~i itC2 a.,:ti= f33; L`.E~fi:.G..~S it?ify i1:icltfdC= N 3AS of wF11d2I2gS, each set of tl1c wi:fd3Ei::2õ'+ h:.F3?ii.`.y;' ~L1 pha,,~"c,::. Fc?: .xaf?:ip ~e, N caf? Ix ~~iviÃ.eF' than or equal fo two fG.~; ``, z 4, 5 6n, . S= 10 . 12.
i 5, 18. 0: 21, 4, .. 50 or ii?C?#`: ;. In i fF3e i':S.'r"f3i?iC, N rntiiti be cqli<'-?l to EE,e f3fifFll;ei C-f cf?di:-f per ~~~le. ~11 afac?dhwr cx:Fn.p1~, N n.ay be less than (w.g:, half) tfFc i?urnbe, f. f::oils per t`,?;s:.. Iil `o?2ie;~'.=:Y.<l.fF?p:.`.s, N 4 can be greater fl'1<in t # 1 r L ` : C , (G..g., 1''~~``:, - i , 6. 7, 8; 1 O. 12 : ti , ; . 8 X 2 i ~ 24, .
50 t;T' ilioFe) ~ In other c.xi:F;Fj3i0s. Nl c<in be two or one.
IF'P..v#"tt3:eF'f the wiilCaings can N. ff3ll-P3.;4h. I:f? Sol:`,L oclie't iiTi~li:~=kI3~iA:Kf~:s:sils, C?F'IC or anoiL ?4'~:`f2fi1'~ EFtit i'Fc:
sibs:a3:f?f F.flly :i,.Liif?F::i?. i?stis5:. Ln C:mi3#t IFS1~73LIF7~:11..f~.Fi:4i:~, the i:lf,.=t.. ~~ J,,: an :l#Ili'.4t'f'id 3i,:::zfi3t~r o a F1ofI-i3 [t'`?['cFl number of 1`;
,?,.Fsi&e:
S43F;,t: ei?F".9s5di#'.?(:.,gts Iisc: r'' include pC)lF'G`.F'-,JC.a:=tF'ofl:a=
s:v:ftGhi=ti i.hs3.. 3.f<', i{L~ vc3y casi?f;:4tll2:.d.
(-.`,.. #F:$:.ulsfleia 'ct:.C: bqlL?i+aaE' transistors, JGBT-sl. Od3k.r ~.mbÃ`dI#fi<'.:aiti "i3Fly illw~i[ta f3<3 tilS'>`
pZF.3'ei' Ll4c:TCI1ic ::wFls.hti.:i (E.=,4;., L~1:L`Ciz:S~, If? St3niL'' :f3z<3#3 icC.`s 3,C 1.-'._., tils:`
S3'`JFf:#:~~s.F . as.Ã rtL .,Zi5t: ;.05?:=} fri#a bc CtjFi;lem.'1G.d in sf.,FF:O=S, lF_t ~'?I3'ie t'.:S:i?a"z.?.plfi;h, isuÃp-s:i#:ti t?., tIF3.e t'i' I E,:;..?:ie i?f, tiFi: 4Wa .cea IF7cFti'FC;t=S ct.il k"L''=d distinct .aadsz~. La: some :fi#3F?lemt:3:FtfFt:oJ"fss a single i..`lvLxti".if.,.`
..na t?+;I iIFS`, i:'il1i N + i>'E.>.Fn,: Si~ls L17F3y be in?:Emt.:;tod to up #:t? N (t:,tr N, '? a.. 007 s...`o, .1 tiwi:vlf ..,,3Ea..i.e (e.g., iYas';=r3`bs. or actively it`f3t:o`.efz) for C?pe.'it3.t3?3 3ii a si LC)FfF?e:=C:G :tt' ap to N"' (e.g., 'r. N-l, N-2, S:iL:;,) SL'a.MlE G.g., aLf:vi~~:5= Co#1t2oflL:C ) 6?#"
Ofz.>Cic3tÃon: in a t^..):t?}1.3g mode. IFa 4':3T'F.:?fF-S
i.'~xFi3'n~.+`lt`=,~,, the number ?: switch E3:iti.i`#.:eti fit?r 20 t7y?t,ii3tl :f: xf>. ZI p?S:i3is<~fe~f Fyit?de uced ,:ro h<' the 1iimC'.
as :i:e number of -mv1#:i-hF3'.Fa.I#.,4s f?f' esp #;ai`,t` l3i the : fti:t)r iiM nit.ido tii sC7llxi>Cxai73plGs, one or T.F3E?Fy.' of a.C dv::Iy :o...lstlin.t` sw#:#da Ii3.4tiici's #F3ay st..v~~ .1. S ::glt'. ela",aF'.fc:zil I3 Fd3di9.3e in bodi a f%id:ti.C? i#Zg i?i(?de 73,~.x3d in a gwXFG.:F'iizt2s modi, =, IIa ; i+'iiic .a gC.,att.#-atFCDn ()T IT4s_ytt`,fmt~ -,YitOm ~%.Ãs.. the system WO or ~.;::
25 St5f4..i:: 1?S.~j Le.4:i. iFli:ii3dL: Pi.s::b1.1'e .Flter t":IeF=YFe:F7:ti bd.fwi:"]:f tiFe machine 110 and th(:wited:8 #F?.3s6m 105.105i3, F53"::x>;?33,?lw, .~,~i. S~,kaaiL;i? 1ot) c2?LF a3aSaF4i;
fil#e# a;lilltE`n`:.. ..;ftt:3'ffic miwt' 0L. 0-5: 1053: In another e1aFi?pi , thc sL,E#=.31 `. 5{_r ::tf:
3F1.4l13t'?<': iitiF.9iL? Rcr mei:Fi.< bowei: fi thl. ?'..c;i'h#3Ie 11``.,~ a3.:3:~ tk}4 switch #'i3cFe:.TiSAS In S.`s`.~.+: a x.;my?.L:4, :}.i~;::
ai , ~~'_=
y~::C=3:3 ~~~:' Q3 . :l~~ ,:3wi.EiC~G. <3.~:tFS'4 filter QIfi:fT1fiAF~.:
~fi~~f.i the ~42iE~:F<~E i"Fi<i~:.fi9EJS ac '`!~ a~yFx2i; eiTF3s:i#~FF3# t, f.lt'. ~1lWf' ileI31C.T3fS ::iEF3 ~iF1v C c voi11f3]t?in t'.i?FFn4:iFC :2:3#F3:, M vFr#F?El:ti ~?i~'.:~Yi' Z..~Ls?3~>FFi`ti 's~~=`siifi#1Cata:}.C'a$k krf=., In s.? ... QnF~`3S)dFP.2&t,=TF>`o, 's2 ;stc3tt?I' w11iÃABiIg can have a double Lil t.3 Zstil.f3ta%'3..gr or a aif.F,6U
il7e stator Lt 3lS C'<al? bc Esa;'1?,iFaiC:d L?#.i E?1#~::=
t'31d c& the sW:or and Lh"C ft:S;"a iE11if3.t, coils are ta.I7:n.iT:i.~fed cia tt3<'. opj3E)s3:e r.eFd (?.f- the ~tzi;i.i'.
ti? `;i?Tils_ G:3'.fbodf3f24i.it;::, <3k electric power Sfc.t]t:d'<3ta<3''F
;s?r';tem (f: r . tht: st-s ,f?~ 5,C)O} can a linear `.tfti=L`fxc i.T?'r.$dd;3e !=k`'ifIi ii stator hat`.3i4; multiple (N) '~.`C3 t'-phnas#,:: >,ML-jph:iSi'.,i ; ~~
~~fndi3'tg ;.el;? ;I.IId a a3i5wer-clc"i;:i'i?IIic switch ..IeF3E2'IA 1%kr eFi.Ã:h. polb pi:ia:a ::'i23dF21+ ae<i, In C.Ia;:iei f in.~SS W 33a~ F1~:~> an Glei'i3'3Ã: Pts?'Li.,..r g-0P;ts :fit:'.'11 sy',3'ti:=33 (L:,:g.,.hS s:5~'ii'.LIE -SOO) ccin iil4l:a&._f rotating c.14oriw t23<Ia.h:; e w_it. a ,::;Or h.f.'sn, ina31t:ipi:, #143 PWY; h..::; iN-1--phztse# 'vvinclitb,; se;s' aIF:if:Flt:;:.
ptf6t: vc3mAf:` .s..E'., i?nd a each poly-phase wmding 3i;t. In .3 si;.a.,e <?':Xi3mipl+;:^i. th~.~ :nI.#.fte^Pi.isl. 11'i2iJ>oE'F?:IG.' ct`3:i3 be Z.`.:it;f3 iTf nnofi?rii~t`? cip'Pi:ii.:Iti?.1?'..,*. 3.is other eTA:bodIt..s..a2tki 4t:> el`r:~i.l2 a:: power :,YeI'It2'a'tid?.i_ UmetI1 i 5,&, '#IC: Sya;C:I`ii 5OW can hwWde a ,..nm:F' c-l::`C;td7G iTitiv. i.v S~.`Al.i a 3t:itÃ?S ~7tI~ IF12 iI'whiple (14) pcayY..phcisC: (M-phas:),~v:Eiiti ayg sets, a E?'II:Ã1ti1-piils`= tFc$Ii4Ban7xe:2', and a pt:3\G't'.,l'-wilv2.t2';?i2.3:: s"i~'u`F14h I:flcenh. 1L:T each g3c'15 ~.~bc?s(~
gap illi:Y biiiiFiÃ3113t Lii:a( s`i+i2t3{3: i?'!a-S' bà applied to a t c i~ty r jf=1 :?( s va,i'F4,F?.:s S:Fi3bL?d#i3it;11E V'X
;`> of I1:1azr=}??i.::. d4sat'#1s, li1cludl2# Y Sy1,%hrCinoiis, fndlI.r,tit:i1, wotI;E3i, .E)$.ss, i`Ã;li7ctii.iL+~:, Peri?:?aF1t:33`-3~;,t3~:, 5o1?;Ã'`= E3F35 .~i3T3<?3a~:C F3i<?y substantially C:Ã?TIti'i?l. R?5s.:5 associated wi-t', i .itE?r hiii'il-w,1:+_ 4` 543:.rt:chil2g:,ile drive s:,'~IT'xactPF,S. I.fUxoz de3Iocv <i, .:. `pC:cd : ai h#e?c S 1), lt)ii sve3ikh:iD:i, ..-'I:.:qliei?i#es it h., kIFIdaYi1eJ1ul fntqli`i?0y in ':tli= case of di<3C?c bridges).
15 S:L3te.tt?:l3i.V lo:sSt.y 3:Ev, the ;.i`v3Ã.f..s :E3:iky call f{Si' increased tbien21.`=d tnaEltigC:i?1t;nt to <.tFd?`C.sR :tT:Ãf-)tirr and power vIQ... 4E3.xf:s ~I"il:i5 Ilt?'Y4 RaI' oxa.Flzple. IL'1?i.Ece S'q''s:eI3t ^.C 21IE> ~if EIi44. ~:}.I`i:
<3llÃ?~~`iTaty IvT IJ.icF~:t`ati3d .ift13:ill'iL 0:: sfIT3',.`.~ly ~11 ~iL1~FII3~' aÃ3r iYa;t3I'e j.3t,-}WC;r capacity i:~`.at of +.hii ~~ ~Ii t31>
Lvx:c3'7. 223.iy >"C%d.ace #`t, i.i?mlil:i.io ihs`';. 1#GC:d R"+i +=Ã?C) FFi ?
F's ~ililiE? iF]IS to ;"eI.I.t?vG ewczt frs".):n fl#W` .E'1 ve .,ysten3 i;:,Fi3i?t`SacniS_ v.ili?. as Ow ScE1Fl.:,i~3z~i1C'~Ã?~S; ba:t:2 bars, .i-4A.Ã}F' t'i?b9L-s; 'ff_fi a.xkl::?(3,.;= As 20 applied to h~=gh pÃYwn and m;:6um4,a-high zohg~ app1....at:t?n`.
E`i=s.hiccd,wa } in..; f.eqiw::?cy a.nCl':?Dj e., <E?i:c ` i;~L :a<'.O.CS `i?tiF#IiEtI.'=i) nat'iitzxw t)~1'l~~i\ji3f2~~ the 1C s?C'.fiiS'f tw:fi h;F3:; of a>l AC
eiiit'<. C344t Ec:S, 1::E3dxin..-.3t:..l (or ?'xcer fi:Ef2tia'z:.11E;i2t<l) :wItClTillg IT'TC.q:i:Ã.E)t'=Ics F-flay iilso i`edi.wÃ>
l':()FidlF3`.'i<.d ...a;.t. if. rad3.i%t`d IaM`A (Eli.ctlI Magnetic I13'tC',9'f I..'F3C=C:) C='rn:is4t';i?s that i`:ti:31` at.+Lr4r:i+.:;Y
sfft%c: :E3Ã Y,i??3o=in r:jy4te> .23:>. ~1-lxa:`.SL= `s;2`tE'a oIi"loi' hm?[.:i can fi a`i,plFi-t (tT>l'Q ~i}~~4a_EFt ft.1:: <3s i=1 25 p kt:.gEI:ig>
In .:3's'L.e e;vy-di.E'.' applications 4eg;, zaacii'iF3C~, s; swI?1S L"it b;s.C~-t?.~3i "::qi#:i=l~. s3 bi<
:3tti?,.C.#s.rle, ;i`t7t<1a: approaches .t.bCJlt`4 cold 4iiEP?d li5' i1F]Ets 7 .t3??~ :i~ ZFIFIi.3r Tlit?S~:i~ ~ 6"t<3i aa:' '.?I'e^lItic but id2'e .Fda. 41h..iEni? <3 ty loads, or \<,?Wd :_...t.,de .'`t :I-i3:it:+ tib.:iI"?i3;`..:e ii3<?ta. each rated at (FLfH I.+_imi ' i` SYN, Iblti .i~lowS ..i:titt?:1tit3tEh 4:'x?L;Y;?dt?:13 (possibly ,b'::.xouE: i:: :ilE;?3g Ã?,i:ryi;d on W the L'ai~`iis_ vsf X) eyÃ:.tE li.i Eh Ã.t S of a t.3.1i2t E):i ;ht:3i.1`li't.:oi' the I3.iat-iline.
BI? ::6_s:'.e az plIc`s.(t:("i3~ :i'.e. wl?E'a?lT tffit. Il?.aci3_t3:ic I 10 is coltpiC'd to F. J'ft}h gaf's+'e~ti pri?I,v T23o1='i;.?i'. s",.ith ?.s a iiErba"ne, forr c?.a,-.:Plet a nolwge on the bus 1. 1 j E3'E'r3.L' be S;Ã?A?:F'i,fld'=d by . spÃ:ti.Ãi the p:F'f i_i3t. I"P1^VÃ'::':
I:; tiÃ?1t3~~ a37pl,k..:fioi1s, voltage JE3.1 a E3"a 7i'.;^ 23:1'e3i`
.EFiF~lif.~t~ :I. i?tI.i231?i.s ~3~i i.;:fz`EÃ?3..5 l+)i3ti5 :?:. and/or sd3Ã.1',:t::5= T??L' ~Cl.i:i':: bi:E:i 115 may provide a DC
EI'i3:Eitiflllti;<1:?n supply di,~`.:.i~'J2:tiGd for . 1.fi3piC, Oi3 bt?F3t~ sh-ip ail'c.i':ift, e?: C)tbeI':
i;n,b?_t'C3niT?c.n that i3SG?s a DC utility grid ~~ ~.. :~_Ei34f'C?F~.F3L .[.~> =4~F< aõk 3, ThQ. %E?aEhr rI3i2y Fn:ld.?,&, btit are not llE1':aÃca FiSx Sbt?"Et. r~E ErFi:?~t:
i.3Fd"+:13~' I3:'tcar loads, DC- i:1-AC 3C+ads (i;..: pI4;tpE3l.'i$cF1 or traction h-y..tx-.3:F3ti)DC r:`>C?tS`>F':s, :1iIIFg. ht:ci6mn or t3i tllt.se': or c3tl~'s`:.3' loF3[3S:
U,'~'.C'. ?i 4A?cC0sh?fId s'.'''?hà p~Tt3\'G 'N stator iV'3nd1:F3gS E31.
E,~13n3bEi:at3C3n r3'sF~F i::E3: .M-' :S <~',~;?7E:~ii'x#" u:~t.`~'aS;x iLi' the use of :?3t?ipl+ {~1?{~E ~?Ti(~tic J ti?# i?.FTt`eFÃ F#.g AC to .it. i:"C.) .cf~ c1dlEs avoids ,.in.r' x.L' i:+:l R::i' ' if;.h speed, <.:S.;xr:isivi:, bulky, 1'a>nI1 .o;3i act24'<
i.; 3t`.:E?i3:E f, .t1.7_a,`' O:t3yi3:if?!u ?;is4<.s :lFFF:<l the 3~3a.
~i1:F3i or t.d?Q m:Fd3.di;[.:
TÃaiCi;i>i3 pa`'a.;e .'L.eEIfic:;iFC3T; inay be less Ci]:+U4 E`F]'z3i:
..3C:i:+c 4vEÃ:f3. a p.F'-'Si v;. FZ.4Ã:#$3c3' thL %idr?"enÃ: w~.~it f,ia`fF[?'lh ;F3FZ: be *cFS.o:'Ãt.d by Ee = F F):l~ t.~...i3:1t3F?1:
c,L?I11poIIt-':?:t:+. N:?:~õedy `tite sc?.'C:F):ÃfF? and bIEghi-xr" order 3 .tFÃÃx?3FL C'd ` .~. rz3:A#4i>l~:i?Ãu:
33 ~ C~Lf+ :E~<~ : i.. ~.3.i,~~F'C.~fl: ~'1? Lfi~:i~?i drSÃ:33i:FE.1F1 E::iFTF xd:aC:~~ :~.Z~~~F.F?.(~dkcE~ ~~2s~E:s .... TitE:= nF A~:~E3:34, w 3 h 4<?Y .,d3d`, ÃIli: ? sowY T`.d3 a ii3 .,-~-,pLC d 4c#,? 3bF:FE;r of E$i LÃZ FII:
1Yi 3.3~ `Ea,tas. d3e,ÃrL"~;, F'GC,.#$d0d', Si~FEi_:i~dFFlg &#.~.i::~
t~i'lFLttF~~:i~i .t:?t:iz ~i: ~'dd;~.E<F tt3~~::F i.FIC>!' ri,~i the ru'ti:hl.sc r"S+.aa.G`.i ::r').c"Ãer. a l5wevS.`.rt :iS the dt'.vit.F,s 14?% tLh f:3.sÃL.t .::mi ?.vAch3 n,F? jEZh:tE.> can i:.a:Ei::3 a.#: li:'..Fd to ti;?ri'ilfica7;.Ã' s:a:;'sa d4SFptl'.it?a #:zr, tr14 :a?v#Ãci2I#_i'~`~..', <1+Mi;:m swdtch1:d3,, lr3Ssi b <3ri; pE':p?T"iFo>it'O to Ãi-i~ i?pod':Ãmi`~w'` power of Ãi:Fc dk 1 #.~~e. .iC<.'<._YF':a e +slv: aw.w.~~.~I#.F"#ia' 3o"7s:s ii7 '?`e ~tF.3'i 4. a:3::Fy &W3'iT'ilI3L% spL"d. 3:[j<u'tir po5<<.3 i::<2pi3,btllv;v" f?E the overall st $Ek;:iwa.
S'S'3Ã4M3' ;f '~.ts:+:~~., ciF.~t. 4tin<~.iF<'Ã1C~i?. ,.~~.,.t s Ed'. ~t?cl 3l=`< Ct Ã3:~F~.:',:.4' ~li'i ~ L.3Fcf>`si~~v I?~u . Fi:.~S? E~;'.~
L?E'FL:poF?.dtug loys~~N- in i3d#v` :F`i.E;,t3fierS. TI-iFS tg.W'4 higher overall sy;,i..'.'3'.? uft..t,.<'3K..S SO3~e i`g {,`xri i}.F~lil.~=i .,Zti"~i:<.;, ~,., iast? in the E.~i. ~ta '(~~
..ta:'d'iJ.i. :P of the .Y.<'.3 are .t ;i.Ee.:.d ~'t: .,,~:t3r:.
v extra rsf~:~o~?<F~~.V;G~ 3E~tÃ:1 .:]'~? s,~ .<,Tt;iz e:'S.Ã.i s:
s<3;t?'.` te;.e#'r.F1R5i3 il~;?J3l3:Cat3.t)S3s "I.;e a #3_atdi;:i?le th?'eC:^pi#,t3.si;--w23~::FFIg systa:t3:, plu$:S.'.
;h3tise`,':d f.t.?3I3 ei...3t: <3ie.:wr, ii'pFcaily #,w.~ 'thmi'. phii4e wFfd:E1g sets phase '+h..lFC'.d i` . .<i &g~rms E..Ia_ctdEr;::.d:, .s3 >.ii_.,.#.w ;k: h'w'ml?F?c c-anc<.ilaF3E)n Ftd the air f4i3p flli:Y d13Ã.f'l~.~dht?d:xF3.
2 1-i Mdst:dpl.- Ãil'x'L't~~3'#3i~St ~EI31t FrF~ ?e31c.d.Fli3'.`S
Y3i`I'Ii3<dll<' lnC=lud<> 4.E37,r.sf7Fidt0.l;Z' i;dsÃ.'iFb'.9Ã:eti:
sL''lti WrÃ:;d #.d7d('.peIF.it:;.?Ã. 13.41dt i3hs. .r?`-Y:E13E: w13:Fiii:i g5 :F:nmy bt: :d:#>'t? õi:d"
W~'a I,E,. Dt+a..:i'A. Sl .kRi r,. t.. "3'.F...eeF 4F.I. . ,rM`L7a4 i , a c~.r~aYi 3.x.~ \ ~i?`PÃ;.oI3. -FC<.i7. ?~`FTI~~F. .i<y>r, pf~ <'.El\i;>t'>
. 1 Lk'Fl:i [:i:3 poi pLr p?IiitiLe, arrangements 's'+F.lt'F] variable pitch kt`.EL Uo.`4;
~., A j3Fh'i<iE: ~?vkd I33<c..83its tL'j]Fc#F1li^" lFas f'dF#4tii sizG and w-`=id;l?'d. T:3:F: y3Ldda s ,Ia~<,i`E~
30 power dL.m-,3.4 <F3õd ::om4QqiFi:i]4I;+ a 3''t3f?; c difficult thermal ~FtF3Ft3:~; F::kFZi pd1?blt'm. rk,ii? c..gEiE7.4 iB:f Ã;.e tiwF'Ã:hlt3; ;.w vii'_es, Ã::1d. .?#achD334 tl.d'ct'St bu i-ivt,rsir,ed or the thennal :F"1aFis~.~1.2~F . yj:E :eez >.f~~ E??'i ty Ãt pI i3i6 <::: ii? machine N"aT1 ovt 3`1ciFÃ:F#1 -~.
fl4?we;'`e, :.Ff: dnh.rL:?).i ..: .F`=tl':c.
svJ <::a'q F<3a flati'. .S3x.ki;.hi.F7.e.
.~S U;...ik. :3<Tb a$,.~.t;<:`.i'F 13'Fi3t:h3nC'.. there is F9.S5 d4cFL<?sE, zr.I size 0. F'"FÃ:.Ã,.a:.s of :h< p:=Fw4.`r Llc.'t;:nn3.FC:. 'Ão z`f,~si]?: `.I:r? ;[3Ct of e1F3 Fmpi'o-ved Ã3:Ia.F'mF3.e #1?~-F3'<?g+.`F3FC',t3Ã tid-leI31o; ?ll<:3': is <'F'a'=#:F an ?y~ FL il','it, ..f.. S3ze and miiag1 i=1? Li3Q A7Ã>wcd' to handle the lsf:i;iey spi.L3:el o},~,3'i?.iom. This contributes to EI:i~. .lÃ,t .a.....~ the power !'6~h_ct.E'C?Je2:cs cE.~:a\ roughly ::V>Ãi 'o tgi.I<'.c- tt3I34Z iis #:ttitL:.F? ^,.O.E3:ic3<:~:t#:3L':i when including .i.I7gl. IE':':quG7Fa:.{` i"G'`LFti..t.{3:dL?:, c.na: iii'~~i?1t:Ei.lg back it? ~T91.'.af l#:I3.e frcq:ii3:i3Ã:3i':'i. Op.3;.F11i.cFi.i?3:i and :iTi3xpt>.fiC z$tFt?IF l?.3~~ Ehe I?L?#~~::i' eiC, .tilE't??Ii:~y, 6 W3.FC3:i3 lmalc.Fwi.'d ?g &F,':,t .ii1c;e.3si=i~~: iJ3#.f%hlze cC]s~ 1i1c3y s3.Fb:3Ã3Titu3;,ti' dedd:Et:c t~veii?1. 4.t4t C?f :3rer:c."s?l.p, fiui LX:?nnr)..c. For eXÃEliple, rct'.E3Ctto:i15 in current ~vc..,.,C32`i;F tt.s;oF'tiL3i# may ied3_Ea%4=
Z ~
in dw z:bZ3Ti L_.v;ct::Er4:5niL.,"' {ind"L7F losses :7. . i1s.= `L>levtsdc aFFiii:ilI3G, M(-,.s; wE,a :EI3Ãi reduced #`Ã3Ii3pÃZ31s~:? count iT3t;f <idvc3net3S3e' iDt.sl`v FF3?~}r;r ''~ ~.. L F'v sõ..i.4:i" Ci i.~~?i:~~`ilF.{~r c~, _ r~3 a ..uc:ir <w vv tdh :.ia k:; poi icd FIT (F4t~lu.i: ht Ti3iaÃ:. ) natc.
1 Ct 1 i gÃ>?t..fc.: 3oz?le embL`.+d1.ineE?;+ 1I3t.,ide a, ;3y;3tÃ:m for ,,ise bC?i?#3 a bi&ffi ,;~, ctC; ,:F:F,3,-Ii3i? ve;' an ....n {...g.a h1i.2,j)-4pC;G L: ~.~.t:t'E?li3.13b'?7.t-FF31gE3G
. A?ac:l?li?Z-~) w'a.ta a high :ret,tF.c:iacy (<:: }.e 5ry~~3imand'a3ly at?ov w 1 2{}~lz #3.iFati:ia3;;F3.Ãal faL:qu~:.zic;y) t1 -'I.[3S"'C)FFE3L'.i' w ia.,3 .f33.. 11,3.a;=C (5h:Ã~e primary winding :inG?
Aa'Fi3lEaplf;: ist'G',;'rptEasL''= Ã ~co. daF:t' windings f...Ex;a g ~ 111t.e-t?.z:ctvS`= TInidge:`a. Jh +Ã:S:a)Clt31E31;..t3: Ei .r zlc,"?1cvC low ~4+ order :3a:I3'1r5E3.?+ a.?cvll.:[iC?3.1 l3l ffii air-gap Di:Lx of the tI?aGh#3.e wlifle E3.s3z?g j:Fc3sw+:E iL.+:iIfts ,.it i2fa,,t?.3t ti3L< need 3:t;:i' active F"S.c'ffi.QatF.E.xI7 ;;ystL:iI?s OT any m'l?dift4tat:Ei`P?Es [> i:.i3:. 3-11at'->FF3e s:G2Ei:4i' 1?-`;ul3t3; J, Ai'3 ::v._rnpx4?:"i` ti,pC?lC g}' fb? hI4?;h-SpL:[;d, i3.Fwpower Ãi:,i3.:Fva r;..;}i-p:?.i,-ct?i:{>..{ si titc%?:
z3.laly i.~~L'i&cS:i tCt,x?F;tt3Ã? g`' l3:[3i3ti3.1.t?S3S Ã3F
Si#ti?NC?F.~T.t E~ i iTi~:?f~i~1Fy but :tioi l.'tn8Ã'.ia 20 W Li?l?I' `: ~G<C:l3i ,~ ii =~ w¾a.k Y33.E3;13:i?:t:t 3I3L: the 13T7t'Ã.' S
'L?SE. I:a sL?iile C:'s,"soc.nti n:iaY' ;Z?d4.ide e? l, ihvi of a #3m:Y?3.id sT"c3:inki' .{-l11Fti (e.g, i.s;L[U;,T,tS, or ii e t?:.23~?i#.c2i.#:?fF diet't=:W) in W.-gi? p b:.tweL.:i i;?w rotor and t.iie saato1, a:.idc? end r.uE'n cL?LF,Fng E,is.a}:g a [low of C: .iic~rtnt.. .ransier :;.lEF:i~,~. ~~y way of exampk, and not limitation, a i;ubsttiia,t::at portion of lffiw ?`lF:ti(i Ãti t~?e gap may a.ach3:\3t'.' nieÃhan<'., a?Ya.=?gÃI3> 31i1aoF..`~``o3'Ea natural Ssi35, t3d~
o3' a eSITtE'3iiu:lEiRiS of ih..wi.~ :7:[3<.,t..i' <3ffi`4_'=#
25 fl.3.Icls, `SktÃci: mzd",4' 4?rnFi:y not bt,` fl{irl3.E31i3?~at:., Foi' ~.'xcil:i3p C. c: Go 4fF2 x ti4Jun?t #3.ic3f ?'c';iilia.?s: both I3?:t`,Ã'.d c3.L#ti?. '<a, flow tt3i-oiiah tl14' ? gap ~.i3i` ~:EF).
iti~.~#:`~)GE`aÃ~Ã:F'11{1[' Ctiil~'li:F iCe t~vS). L~::t::. il3s?;.:? i-'i L3.>'.'2u or both t.EFds of ?i3t: 3'm1F3:'. .1...~i3:mphi.:i of sEF.Ã:fit ii.
35>Eitb:l'l3. i]rL' dG:tic.d'1l.'=L':=tiE in a :.C3pi'.f?dF.E?g provisional pi3w..z iipp?.#..t}fi#sa`: U.S. P"Ã?v1;3.`+Ã?t3iEi PaFt'.F:it Application 60l895~025 e#3i11a<A `4figh=.
Speed. S:+;.;::vt~~~ 'RoÃtxE #ir: I:'urnmen. "M<?gm:.t Eiecoic 54.icxa:z}es' by Saban. c:: al. s;n 3 3/,5'~?i?i3i, 3~.;~~i t't:i3:i:.3Ã?lF ::~2t' t'.t7t):IeE3;i of `,~'~"i2L'~~'3 are kft..b E?'l?F',:'~atc'.(, ~iL:ILD:i3 by .Ã-fifC:~3=lt.L'.; '. is,3.u isEmpai.'~\ .iia'S' E iSi sidtc.`.
P1'l?t:Cl3,i;,'`l7 .tF.' :i.i.'.LvEnt." ffit: xi.a?llL?x SEatttii.
0Ã?IF?p(?EiL 171s to isolate l?u3i? ~iiJi3i the Flic T~i`.il'El i[3 :.l3t.
g~'~l, 1I3 f7F34 LxZ'3~~?~~. iiF<: a4?#.`,: ;L.a +<' F3.i?T`
X t be 21f~:3aL`iE E{;? ~~iEs`: d'si(<?3' ;ii}[? fi3l,3ii, i,'z..~~ f#, u3Ett~
FY?_"f~' +;. cE~:.E3ii ttF.:e~F3.1:fFa tti:i:EtõFi: f:f tl.L.:Eosl:?3 dl:
i3iY!'Y`a i3;Ei~~1~t:: C`.` ~51~ +:i3 E~``.. of tii~~ iÃ~t#:.~i. In Ga~:'...~
::k~:I3l}7~C'~:*s ~.~.?f`. 5ct:~.i$(?E 4r4i,ie e3'E39 :?t.' fi..r.d :?Ea E`'s .
\iEL)T xl3.id t1P,iU `i..r `e F .pii:i:j5 isolate 1:~1 EZ>I":
in..E& c3[it(?pC3it?M'Y for Ll)xfb3~~~~Ei.LE`z~;'~..~:t.2.zc.c:iil.Ps: stator :i.S a filÃa b~? 4:'-oi.Ulilhag .w _iidt3i'tE-ti?.C:i::;i, 'cj"lE gap;
ctia.d. w1:E3dvid1gG:o`"algu#3.Fs,?E??:t`r c3zit7^w~ ah.". S<3fE?:E' ,{i z31'.i <is:3 iilÃ:L . ,'l)r h4f1õs9i331s pf'c.:ri:I3F in th.'`, Ph`s[Se currents. JraEti 3fites Ãif.C' i.iSÃf of e1.ÃC'.:$E3ti~.
, .
fiRE.i's Ãzt tbe e'f?chi#.: . tjc,,b3e a. 0,li`le`:CÃE31g to passive #ist'F:ti3C?#" b#"3d,.}e.'',. ~17ht. topology ae:S; 3n<'fiadH
a high 4pLK~tv.3~ ?~<?l'.,?FF1i ti~%3.Ãi~i' t;.rflli "~' ~.ig"F:Fd'iFti{~I~F
that :s ~?t~..~C;~~ i?Ii using a sx?rL3e ~:.:Fl. ~?~ .I.
7{r[ ;?3:f [?i.t<~`C'.. ~a. -F a E>t']#:#iik'a:7.o$. 3.Li:t?c' p3'E3v1tlC
adt`a:3Fc^.gL',S 3p f`.<.-}oi3d.i"r3flr ach7f.~ F?~ N >
.: i`w`:ihow a:di#ier tilp...,ri.=ani f.l)np;,fi.A#.Ã:v aE;i(i cost fFitCi diC~ Ãi2:ic:3 iS.c, while LxÃ:iGs?S?iS2tF
3i3 t.i1l^'GF.E` 'v:?:><igt'~ dÃ.'.\ ;fF3 .'i:S;t`=-s3ffs Cii.El'ifl.w tEts Ei::3 ~lifit: C.:t:C.T't}f1Y<~~ al+ ilt tat.s.`tg[3.
~'' `~.<, 3 Eaf`x?i.i.l` 3.fal..'.= 3u:a i~= having N \'Cti..a of M yE).iF:)e w32iii#_I1gS in a ),J,ef3:G3c3.S3i'a w 44=a 'Ã0 dedicated M pai.:4v power 4~~`v3'CsE~I~~ t:f13tC.., : " 4., pa-Rtaivt?
(i%L)Cii'. .ze;i;1 may provide -flaiFi:
il?xS.::'cinix 2FI.kd iC.iF'a4,F3;EZ?lis `l?~;is~-rsFt..o23 in the Oi3.4t: of either a iiF#EIirc i?ti Ãuw ao.i:ti'ei .+eti;:~ or the r.3cF+=i3Ãi:ft 's:.i. or 3,i}F? Di`. l'<3ii:I?g 5svffl depend oe: ÃtFc of the FTtdFvdd;>ii block ft3e a n<?S;:i$:Eitt, w3.YiL11d?g st:l.
I.-l#g;F speed I$.i<3a.ii7.F#:Fe s..Ã.aibui'L.'=s in Ft.f-TI3.s of icdsEc..Ll size, i.'L^,14;'h cn#li. :Ei?c?t. pnE3 may bE;.`
5 ; .<.c.;,led .>t,. a.h4 power FiTid fEl4?txfiaL'v : CjlEF.pn3(9rEÃ.
s.EE,'it:~ The "'?, N'FZ.EY: w]3ol C?gi ,3io'v`!dt`-Ãt>3 Y:jFaF) >Rf33atima m.A A-Wumhf4aÃy `?Wbtit,.ti3:FAiFfly `x#ÃhC3i#.Ã fl?e i,e;i3 io; FS?.?lEF:tFmF Ã.rensfi.xr#2wT-', .;-LEF.'$v13t .xha3ri:3g rCa?C:Ã:oYti or 1"IÃ:t:#' Pa z1:ic TF'.Ft'Fs&F'i3?.CrS 5,.~~' ~ i=;, although 4f3t;?; Cs:enli,xtr i 3..a.i\' be to \t,a vc<? flexÃbje i::i?x-g'c of well known fLiT:ictTo:m A ;tv'1iTls?~.I' of ei3Ebodf.Yii.'31Ã:S hiavC.' been d+;.'. ',#::I'Sbcd. NL''4 efihGli.?s, it 'w-fl: .7..r F.: :t.er;*lt)<7::``;
2:ha: 'a`ei.riii?[is _ ?m...fiC'a it?7'.tii...'aLZ' I.?:.~1..3.idL.-`. For Gx'r?,mpiC>,ii.'ti.6'4`anIiT"t4?1s, results .`.mayi`.4e :f.i.iit'<`4'~~i' FÃ~1~= `w='~ Y.. C?f l.e ~!i ,dogLdei.ch.E`x;:qws we.,r: pei"fE?'i?tEti in a d3Ã_fefeSFi. sequence, if x'.`dF.1,??;Et:Fiz's, #.f). Pl?e ~~1\Ul?iCZ? :?YaL'iFF.I Gk=c.L `.%diiYTb#Eied fi). a f;tefe:i'C?3iÃ: f3:F'c]mneT, or if Fhi,. 'a.'C?Y?1pC3ri,E7:Ã:=i were f~C~tTfC~i:<~'I~, ss?~][rf' Eti]~T..ta?lG#1~iF.:?~i.~ r3::
#C.p.iaxte or ~L#~?~?;s'Fl"Ft=i3;i:? ~?i` C?t3ii:; t;=i)mpf?110.i3E:i, of the ei4t;.riJÃr,Ea:i?;
ry3
Claims (21)
1. An energy processing system comprising:
an electric machine that comprises:
a stator with a plurality of winding locations distributed substantially evenly across a surface of the stator; and a plurality of conductors formed into a plurality of coils arranged substantial symmetrically among the plurality f winding locations and connected to form a number (N) of sets of multiple (M) phase windings, wherein for each of the windings, each of the coils spans a single pole to form a full pitch winding, and wherein each of the N sets of windings are substantially offset with respect to each other so as to substantially reduce a hormonic content of a magnetic flux within a first frequency range during operation: and a processing stage that comprises N substantially independent modules corresponding to each of the N sets of windings, ach of the N modules having M input ports for connecting to each of the corresponding M windings, and having a first and second output port, wherein the first and second outputs for each of the N
modules are connectable to a first node and a second node of a voltage bus.
an electric machine that comprises:
a stator with a plurality of winding locations distributed substantially evenly across a surface of the stator; and a plurality of conductors formed into a plurality of coils arranged substantial symmetrically among the plurality f winding locations and connected to form a number (N) of sets of multiple (M) phase windings, wherein for each of the windings, each of the coils spans a single pole to form a full pitch winding, and wherein each of the N sets of windings are substantially offset with respect to each other so as to substantially reduce a hormonic content of a magnetic flux within a first frequency range during operation: and a processing stage that comprises N substantially independent modules corresponding to each of the N sets of windings, ach of the N modules having M input ports for connecting to each of the corresponding M windings, and having a first and second output port, wherein the first and second outputs for each of the N
modules are connectable to a first node and a second node of a voltage bus.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the electric machine comprises a linear machine.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the electric machine comprises a rotating machine.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising an interface to allow energy transfer between the voltage bus and an electric distribution system.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the electric distribution system comprises a ship-borne electric distribution system.
6. The system of claim 5, wherein the ship-borne electric distribution system comprises a DC (direct current) distribution system.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the modules comprises a filter.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the modules comprises a bridge rectifier.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the modules comprises an active switch matirx.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the voltage bus comprises a DC (direct current) voltage bus.
11. The system of claim 1, wherein the stator further comprises a plurality of tooth structures between windings at adjacent winding locations, each of plurality of tooth structures having substantially the same size.
12. The system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of winding locations comprises a slot, each of the slots having substantially the same width.
13. The system of claim 1, wherein the first frequence range comprises frequencies substantially less than a harmonic of a fundamental electrical frequency in the machine, wherein the harmonic number of the fundamental electrical frequency is twice M
multiplied by (N-1).
multiplied by (N-1).
14. The system of claim 1, wherein the electric machine further comprises a permanent magnet rotor separated from the stator by a gap.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the gap is at least partially filled with a fluid during operation.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein a substantial portion of the fluid in the gap comprises a flammable fluid.
17. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second outputs ports for each of the N
modules are connected in series between the first node and the second node of the voltage bus.
modules are connected in series between the first node and the second node of the voltage bus.
18. The system of claim 1, wherein the first and second outputs ports for each of the N
modules are connected in parallel between the first node and the second node of the voltage bus.
modules are connected in parallel between the first node and the second node of the voltage bus.
19. A method for providing for electromechanical energy conversion, the method comprising:
providing an electronic machine that comprises:
a stator with a series of tooth structures separated by a corresponding plurality of slots; and a plurality of conductors formed into a plurality of coils arranged substantially symmetrically in the plurality of slots and connected to form a number (N) of sets of multiple (M) phase windings, wherein for each of the windings, each of the coils spans a single pole to form a full pitch winding, and wherein each of the N sets of windings are substantially offset with respect to each other so as to substantially reduce a harmonic content of a magnetic flux within a first frequency range during operation; and processing energy between the electric machine and a bus using a voltage bus using a processing stage that comprises N substantially independently modules corresponding to each of the N- sets of windings, each of the N modules having M input ports for connection to each of the corresponding M windings, and having a first and a second output port, wherein the first and second outputs ports for each of the N modules are connectable to a first node and a second node of the voltage bus.
providing an electronic machine that comprises:
a stator with a series of tooth structures separated by a corresponding plurality of slots; and a plurality of conductors formed into a plurality of coils arranged substantially symmetrically in the plurality of slots and connected to form a number (N) of sets of multiple (M) phase windings, wherein for each of the windings, each of the coils spans a single pole to form a full pitch winding, and wherein each of the N sets of windings are substantially offset with respect to each other so as to substantially reduce a harmonic content of a magnetic flux within a first frequency range during operation; and processing energy between the electric machine and a bus using a voltage bus using a processing stage that comprises N substantially independently modules corresponding to each of the N- sets of windings, each of the N modules having M input ports for connection to each of the corresponding M windings, and having a first and a second output port, wherein the first and second outputs ports for each of the N modules are connectable to a first node and a second node of the voltage bus.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising replacing the electric machine with a second electric machine with a second number (N2) of sets of multiple (M) phase windings, wherein for each of the windings, each of the coils spans a single pole to form a full pitch winding, and wherein each of the N2 sets of windings are substantially offset with respect to each other so as to substantially reduce a harmonic content of a second magnetic flux within a second frequency range during operation.
21. The method of claim 20, further comprising replacing the processing stage with a second processing stage that comprises N2 modules having M input ports for connection to each of the corresponding M windings, and having a first and a second output port, wherein the first and second outputs ports for each of the N2 modules are connected to the first node and the second node of the voltage bus.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US86323306P | 2006-10-27 | 2006-10-27 | |
| US60/863,233 | 2006-10-27 | ||
| US86488206P | 2006-11-08 | 2006-11-08 | |
| US60/864,882 | 2006-11-08 | ||
| US89502507P | 2007-03-15 | 2007-03-15 | |
| US60/895,025 | 2007-03-15 | ||
| US11/751,450 | 2007-05-21 | ||
| US11/751,450 US7710081B2 (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2007-05-21 | Electromechanical energy conversion systems |
| PCT/US2007/082541 WO2008057789A2 (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2007-10-25 | Electromechanical energy conversion systems |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2664864A1 true CA2664864A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| CA2664864C CA2664864C (en) | 2015-02-17 |
Family
ID=39322381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2664864A Expired - Fee Related CA2664864C (en) | 2006-10-27 | 2007-10-25 | Electromechanical energy conversion systems |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US7710081B2 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2082471B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2010508802A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20090074265A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101584102B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE462216T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2007317638B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2664864C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602007005507D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK2082471T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2009004497A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008057789A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10008854B2 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2018-06-26 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for time-domain droop control with integrated phasor current control |
Families Citing this family (151)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050092395A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2005-05-05 | Masaaki Aoki | Magnetic field generator and its manufacturing method |
| NO20033876A (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-02-21 | Norpropeller As | Drive system for ships |
| US8395288B2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2013-03-12 | Calnetix Technologies, L.L.C. | Electric machine with centrifugal impeller |
| JP4736871B2 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2011-07-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Power converter for secondary excitation power generation system |
| US7977842B2 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2011-07-12 | Lin Panchien | Adaptive winding system and control method for electric machines |
| US7710081B2 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2010-05-04 | Direct Drive Systems, Inc. | Electromechanical energy conversion systems |
| AU2008224884B2 (en) * | 2007-03-15 | 2012-09-13 | Direct Drive Systems, Inc. | Cooling an electrical machine |
| US7468561B2 (en) * | 2007-03-27 | 2008-12-23 | General Electric Company | Integrated electrical power extraction for aircraft engines |
| US8839622B2 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2014-09-23 | General Electric Company | Fluid flow in a fluid expansion system |
| US7841306B2 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2010-11-30 | Calnetix Power Solutions, Inc. | Recovering heat energy |
| US7638892B2 (en) * | 2007-04-16 | 2009-12-29 | Calnetix, Inc. | Generating energy from fluid expansion |
| US8049358B2 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2011-11-01 | Converteam Technology Ltd | Marine power distribution and propulsion systems |
| FI121407B (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2010-10-29 | Waertsilae Finland Oy | Local power transmission network load distribution system fault handling arrangement |
| GB2456179B (en) * | 2008-01-07 | 2012-02-15 | Converteam Technology Ltd | Marine power distribution and propulsion systems |
| US20100019598A1 (en) | 2008-07-28 | 2010-01-28 | Direct Drive Systems, Inc. | Rotor for an electric machine |
| WO2010025560A1 (en) * | 2008-09-03 | 2010-03-11 | Exro Technologies Inc. | Power conversion system for a multi-stage generator |
| EP2161819A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2010-03-10 | Converteam Technology Ltd | Assemblies for electrical machines |
| US8823241B2 (en) | 2009-01-16 | 2014-09-02 | Boulder Wind Power, Inc. | Segmented stator for an axial field device |
| EP2239435A1 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2010-10-13 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Electrical generator and method for operating a cooling circuit of an electrical generator |
| DE102009017157B4 (en) * | 2009-04-15 | 2011-02-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for supplying an electrical ship's electrical system with external energy, ship with such a foreign energy supply and retrofit method for this |
| US8050069B2 (en) * | 2009-05-29 | 2011-11-01 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for electrical bus centering |
| US9300131B2 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2016-03-29 | Abb Research Ltd. | Internal electrification scheme for power generation plants |
| US7863766B2 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-04 | Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company | Power converter for use with wind generator |
| US8358094B2 (en) * | 2009-08-19 | 2013-01-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Arrangement having an electric machine and method for operating an electric machine |
| BR112012004808A2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2018-03-13 | Exro Tech Inc | variable coil configuration system, apparatus and method |
| CN102025248B (en) * | 2009-09-18 | 2014-03-12 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Motor used for power system of electric vehicle |
| US8330291B2 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2012-12-11 | General Electric Company | Power generation apparatus |
| ES2393880T3 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2012-12-28 | Converteam Technology Ltd | Electricity distribution systems |
| US8497664B2 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2013-07-30 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | High efficiency multi-phase generator |
| US8294320B2 (en) * | 2010-02-17 | 2012-10-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Interior permanent magnet machine |
| NO331113B1 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-10-10 | Norwegian Ocean Power As | Variable electric generator |
| JP5234050B2 (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2013-07-10 | 株式会社デンソー | Vehicle power supply |
| US8739538B2 (en) | 2010-05-28 | 2014-06-03 | General Electric Company | Generating energy from fluid expansion |
| US9154024B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2015-10-06 | Boulder Wind Power, Inc. | Systems and methods for improved direct drive generators |
| AT510118A1 (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2012-01-15 | Hehenberger Gerald Dipl Ing | SPEED VARIABLE GENERATOR FOR A WIND POWER PLANT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THIS GENERATOR |
| CN103125069A (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2013-05-29 | 直接传动系统股份有限公司 | Multi-leveled voltage drive for electric machine phase shifted winding sets |
| US20130181688A1 (en) * | 2010-10-06 | 2013-07-18 | Raven Energy Alternatives, Llc | System and method for variable speed generation of controlled high-voltage dc power |
| FR2967529B1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2013-09-13 | Erneo | DENTAL ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH REGULATED PHASES |
| US8629644B2 (en) * | 2010-11-16 | 2014-01-14 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Fault tolerant DC power systems |
| US9764727B1 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2017-09-19 | Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Limited | Electric drive-train for ships |
| EP2477325B1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2019-04-24 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Method for operating an electromechanical generator |
| CN102097894B (en) * | 2011-01-30 | 2012-07-25 | 陈维加 | Generation method for AC generator and generator |
| US20120194030A1 (en) * | 2011-01-31 | 2012-08-02 | Kollmorgen Corporation | Force Balanced Multivoltage Winding Configuration |
| WO2012141932A2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2012-10-18 | Smith James S | Flux focusing arrangement for permanent magnets, methods of fabricating such arrangements, and machines including such arrangements |
| GB201113694D0 (en) * | 2011-08-09 | 2011-09-21 | Univ Southampton | Turbine generator |
| CN102510260B (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2014-03-12 | 华中科技大学 | Induction machine vector control method taking account of iron loss |
| CN103187860A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-03 | 哈米尔顿森德斯特兰德公司 | Fault-tolerant direct current (DC) power system |
| US9024460B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-05-05 | General Electric Company | Waste heat recovery system generator encapsulation |
| US8984884B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-03-24 | General Electric Company | Waste heat recovery systems |
| US9018778B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-04-28 | General Electric Company | Waste heat recovery system generator varnishing |
| US20130193813A1 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2013-08-01 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Integrated high-voltage direct current electric power generating system |
| EP2634885B1 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2015-09-02 | ABB Technology Ltd | A DC-power system with system protection capabilities |
| US9531289B2 (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2016-12-27 | Raytheon Company | Electro-mechanical kinetic energy storage device and method of operation |
| DE102012207809A1 (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Range extender, drive and motor vehicle |
| DK2685616T3 (en) * | 2012-07-10 | 2015-09-21 | Siemens Ag | Stator assembly and electric generator |
| CN103580494B (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2016-04-20 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Converter system |
| US8339019B1 (en) | 2012-07-30 | 2012-12-25 | Boulder Wind Power, Inc. | Structure for an electromagnetic machine having compression and tension members |
| ES2790632T3 (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2020-10-28 | Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd | DC electrical machines |
| EP2720340B1 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2015-01-21 | Airbus Operations GmbH | Electric power supply system for an aircraft, aircraft and airport power supply system |
| EP2728713A1 (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-07 | Openhydro IP Limited | An electrical machine |
| US20140156099A1 (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-05 | Cummins Power Generation, Inc. | Generator power systems with active and passive rectifiers |
| KR101727087B1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2017-04-14 | 카와사키 주코교 카부시키 카이샤 | Control method and control system for parallel operation between different types of power generator |
| DE102013200019B4 (en) * | 2013-01-02 | 2021-09-30 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Supplying electric traction motors of a rail vehicle with electrical energy using a plurality of internal combustion engines |
| US9199327B2 (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2015-12-01 | Shenzhen Jasic Technology Co., Ltd. | Portable IGBT arc welding machine |
| US20140265672A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-18 | Remy Technologies, Llc | Phase lead insulator |
| US8736133B1 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2014-05-27 | Boulder Wind Power, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for overlapping windings |
| US9240748B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-01-19 | Hengchun Mao | Dynamically reconfigurable motor and generator systems |
| US9800193B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-10-24 | Hengchun Mao | Dynamically reconfigurable motors and generators and systems |
| US9475381B2 (en) * | 2013-05-15 | 2016-10-25 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method for reducing power train air resistance |
| GB201313684D0 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-09-11 | Rolls Royce Plc | A stator winding arrangement for an electrical machine |
| WO2015020531A1 (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-12 | Rolls-Roys Marine As | Dynamic positioning vessel |
| US9571022B2 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2017-02-14 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Electrical generator with integrated hybrid rectification system comprising active and passive rectifiers connected in series |
| US9385645B2 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-07-05 | Abb Technology Ag | Methods and systems for electrical DC generation |
| WO2015031878A1 (en) * | 2013-08-31 | 2015-03-05 | Infinirel Corporation | Control system for energy conversion in an electrical machine |
| US9148022B2 (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-09-29 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Wind turbine permanent magnet synchronous generator (WT-PMSG) system |
| US9294016B2 (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-03-22 | Google Inc. | Control methods and systems for motors and generators operating in a stacked configuration |
| US9680376B2 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2017-06-13 | Cree, Inc. | Power conversion electronics having conversion and inverter circuitry |
| US9461547B2 (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2016-10-04 | Cree, Inc. | Converter circuitry |
| US9531247B2 (en) * | 2014-04-04 | 2016-12-27 | Raytheon Company | Inertial energy storage system and hydro-fluoro-ether power transformer scheme for radar power systems and large PFN charging |
| US9899886B2 (en) | 2014-04-29 | 2018-02-20 | Boulder Wind Power, Inc. | Devices and methods for magnetic flux return optimization in electromagnetic machines |
| US10177620B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2019-01-08 | Boulder Wind Power, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for segmenting a machine |
| US20150349598A1 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Multiplex winding synchronous generator |
| US9698589B1 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2017-07-04 | Google Inc. | DC power distribution architectures |
| US9911532B2 (en) | 2014-08-25 | 2018-03-06 | Raytheon Company | Forced convection liquid cooling of fluid-filled high density pulsed power capacitor with native fluid |
| US9742331B2 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2017-08-22 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Doubly-fed, variable-speed, dual-voltage AC generation and distribution systems |
| CN107112898B (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2019-06-21 | 通用电气全球采购有限责任公司 | Bus and power electric device and the method for manufacturing lead terminal adapter |
| US20160175968A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-06-23 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing welding and auxiliary power |
| US9837996B2 (en) | 2015-01-07 | 2017-12-05 | Raytheon Company | Method and apparatus for control of pulsed power in hybrid energy storage module |
| US9665672B2 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-05-30 | Christian Dufour | Method and system for reducing power losses and state-overshoots in simulators for switched power electronic circuit |
| CA2928291C (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2024-03-05 | Harnischfeger Technologies, Inc. | Multi-pulse transformer for use with an industrial machine |
| US9667232B2 (en) | 2015-05-13 | 2017-05-30 | Raytheon Company | System and method for parallel configuration of hybrid energy storage module |
| DE102015213580A1 (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-01-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Propeller drive and vehicle, in particular aircraft |
| DE102015213648A1 (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2017-01-26 | Lenze Automation Gmbh | Method of operating a frequency converter and frequency converter |
| EP3154173A1 (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2017-04-12 | ABB Schweiz AG | Electrical machine with an active grounding |
| JP6579379B2 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2019-09-25 | 株式会社デンソー | Field winding type synchronous machine drive system |
| CN105610280B (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-04-10 | 北京精密机电控制设备研究所 | A kind of open winding structure changes electric system |
| SG11201806279WA (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2018-08-30 | Univ Nanyang Tech | Electrical energy management apparatus and methods |
| EP3468024B1 (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2020-07-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Power conditioner system |
| US9941827B2 (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2018-04-10 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | High voltage DC power generating system including selectively removable neutral node |
| US10486537B2 (en) | 2016-08-29 | 2019-11-26 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Power generating systems having synchronous generator multiplex windings and multilevel inverters |
| US10498274B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2019-12-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | High voltage direct current system for a vehicle |
| US11043880B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 | 2021-06-22 | Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation | Electric power generating system with a synchronous generator |
| US10797544B2 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2020-10-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Rotor for shaping airgap flux density |
| JP6646878B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2020-02-14 | 株式会社デンソー | Field winding type rotating machine |
| US10958076B2 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2021-03-23 | Single Buoy Moorings Inc. | Power generation and distribution arrangement and floating unit comprising such an arrangement |
| US10122306B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 | 2018-11-06 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Electric power generating system with a permanent magnet generator and combination of active and passive rectifiers |
| US9985562B1 (en) | 2017-03-08 | 2018-05-29 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Electric power generating system with a synchronous generator and tunable filter |
| US10479223B2 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2019-11-19 | H55 Sa | Construction and operation of electric or hybrid aircraft |
| US11148819B2 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2021-10-19 | H55 Sa | Battery module for electrically-driven aircraft |
| US11063323B2 (en) | 2019-01-23 | 2021-07-13 | H55 Sa | Battery module for electrically-driven aircraft |
| US11065979B1 (en) | 2017-04-05 | 2021-07-20 | H55 Sa | Aircraft monitoring system and method for electric or hybrid aircrafts |
| CN106936258A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-07 | 康富科技股份有限公司 | Erupt motor in a kind of high speed Aero-Space whirlpool |
| US20200059179A1 (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2020-02-20 | Anax Holdings, Llc | System and method for electricity production from pressure reduction of natural gas |
| WO2018213919A1 (en) | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | Dpm Technologies Inc. | Variable coil configuration system control, apparatus and method |
| DE102017112958A1 (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2018-12-13 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Wind turbine with gearless generator and generator filter |
| US10797612B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 | 2020-10-06 | Ge Aviation Systems Llc | Power distribution network |
| US11031894B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2021-06-08 | Quanten Technologies, Inc. | Motor system with multiple connection bars |
| US10483886B2 (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-11-19 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corportion | Modular electric power generating system with multistage axial flux generator |
| US11139649B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2021-10-05 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Motor control system with integrated solid-state contactor and relays and method of operation thereof |
| US10594246B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 | 2020-03-17 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Board-level motor control system with integrated protection and control components |
| US11177648B2 (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2021-11-16 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | System and method for compact motor control with redundant power structures |
| GB2574039B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2021-04-14 | Caterpillar Inc | A power distribution system for a marine vessel |
| US11038398B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 | 2021-06-15 | Raytheon Company | System and method for damping of torsional oscillations in large inertial energy storage systems |
| US11296569B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2022-04-05 | Zunum Aero, Inc. | Multi-filar coil winding for electric machine |
| US11387764B2 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2022-07-12 | Zunum Aero, Inc. | Multi-inverter system for electric machine |
| CN109066754B (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-11-06 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Direct-current power distribution network real-time simulation system and method |
| US11196310B2 (en) | 2018-07-30 | 2021-12-07 | Zunum Aero, Inc. | Permanent magnet assemblies for a cylinder of an electrical machine |
| US10547259B1 (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-01-28 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Electric generating system with an interleaved DC-DC converter |
| KR20210048501A (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2021-05-03 | 타우 모터스, 인크. | Electric motor |
| US10651770B2 (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2020-05-12 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Direct current voltage regulation of a six-phase permanent magnet generator |
| US10778127B2 (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-09-15 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Direct current voltage regulation of permanent magnet generator |
| US10855216B2 (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-12-01 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Voltage regulation of multi-phase permanent magnet generator |
| US11171526B2 (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2021-11-09 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Alabama | Energy efficient permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| US11557979B2 (en) | 2018-11-14 | 2023-01-17 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Variable frequency drive with integrated front-end rectifier and bypass |
| US11251741B2 (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2022-02-15 | Eaton Intelligent Power Limited | Modular board-level motor control system with integrated protection and control components |
| TWI671993B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-09-11 | 東元電機股份有限公司 | Torque mode motor driver |
| US20200259404A1 (en) * | 2019-02-08 | 2020-08-13 | New York University | High frequency ac power generator |
| CA3137550A1 (en) | 2019-04-23 | 2020-10-29 | Dpm Technologies Inc. | Fault tolerant rotating electric machine |
| KR102355397B1 (en) | 2019-07-09 | 2022-01-25 | 한국전력공사 | Forced commutation control apparatus for torque ripple reduction of turbine start-up equipment, Method thereof, and Computer readable medium storage having the same |
| US20230170753A1 (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2023-06-01 | Safran Power Usa, Llc | Generator common core winding |
| US11418031B2 (en) | 2020-05-08 | 2022-08-16 | Raytheon Company | Actively-controlled power transformer and method for controlling |
| CN111521287B (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2022-03-15 | 国网北京市电力公司 | Method, device, storage medium and processor for calculating temperature of metal sleeve of cable |
| US11467003B1 (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2022-10-11 | Blue Origin, Llc | Voltage-current phase-based method for linear and rotary transformer systems, and associated systems and methods |
| RU2762794C2 (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-12-23 | Кирилл Сергеевич Кузьмин | Apparatus of an electromechanical high-voltage modular power source with a low-voltage current source output of a separate module |
| DE102020120117A1 (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-03 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Stator with winding structures for modular e-machines |
| US11710991B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2023-07-25 | General Electric Company | High voltage electric machine equipped with galvanic separators for cascaded voltage stator modularization |
| WO2022060885A1 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-24 | Yufei Zhu | Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for driving polyphase motors |
| US11936317B2 (en) | 2021-02-10 | 2024-03-19 | Blue Origin, Llc | Low-voltage fault-tolerant rotating electromechanical actuators, and associated systems and methods |
| GB2604364B (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2024-04-17 | Rolls Royce Plc | Electrical power systems |
| CA3217299A1 (en) | 2021-05-04 | 2022-11-10 | Tung Nguyen | Battery control systems and methods |
| KR20220154984A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-11-22 | 한국항공우주연구원 | Power System Circuit Apparatus |
Family Cites Families (290)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11108A (en) | 1854-06-20 | Metallic gkomet | ||
| US864882A (en) | 1905-12-18 | 1907-09-03 | William H Brawley | Nut-wrench. |
| US1269537A (en) | 1916-01-08 | 1918-06-11 | Gen Electric | Dynamo-electric machine. |
| NL50968C (en) * | 1937-09-30 | |||
| US2920218A (en) * | 1951-08-23 | 1960-01-05 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Supercharged dynamoelectric machine with cooling gas in contact with conductors |
| US2742582A (en) * | 1953-07-21 | 1956-04-17 | Gen Electric | Gas-cooled high voltage bushing for large generator |
| US2783393A (en) * | 1953-11-30 | 1957-02-26 | Haegglund & Soener Ab | Apparatus for emergency power transfer |
| CH461617A (en) * | 1966-04-07 | 1968-08-31 | Licentia Gmbh | Electric machine with section cooling |
| US3751699A (en) | 1972-04-25 | 1973-08-07 | Gen Electric | Gas filled vertical dynamoelectric machine |
| CH545027A (en) | 1972-05-09 | 1973-11-30 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Electric machine |
| CA990772A (en) | 1973-09-24 | 1976-06-08 | Eric Whiteley | Permanent magnet field structure for dynamoelectric machines |
| US3933535A (en) * | 1974-01-28 | 1976-01-20 | General Electric Company | Method for producing large and/or complex permanent magnet structures |
| CA1004275A (en) | 1974-04-04 | 1977-01-25 | Eric Whiteley | Permanent magnet synchronous dynamoelectric machine |
| US3955112A (en) | 1975-01-24 | 1976-05-04 | Sell Otto W | Hermetically sealed rotor |
| US4025840A (en) | 1975-04-09 | 1977-05-24 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet generator with output power adjustment by means of magnetic shims |
| US4088177A (en) * | 1976-01-07 | 1978-05-09 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet D.C. dynamoelectric machine and method of making same |
| CA1066381A (en) | 1976-07-30 | 1979-11-13 | Herbert Hollitscher | Permanent magnet latch for speed switching device |
| US4141137A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1979-02-27 | General Electric Company | Method of making a permanent magnet field pole for a direct current dynamoelectric machine |
| US4371799A (en) * | 1977-10-25 | 1983-02-01 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet field pole for a direct current dynamoelectric machine |
| JPS54100808A (en) * | 1978-01-25 | 1979-08-08 | Suwa Seikosha Kk | Printer |
| US4578610A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1986-03-25 | General Electric Company | Synchronous disk motor with amorphous metal stator and permanent magnet rotor and flywheel |
| US4233960A (en) | 1978-07-21 | 1980-11-18 | Johnson Steven A | Heat storage apparatus and method |
| US4371801A (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1983-02-01 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for output regulation of multiple disk permanent magnet machines |
| US4476408A (en) | 1979-05-23 | 1984-10-09 | General Electric Company | High efficiency, low cost permanent magnet AC machine |
| US4348604A (en) | 1980-06-13 | 1982-09-07 | General Dynamics Corp. | Totally enclosed air cooled electrical machines |
| US4308479A (en) | 1980-08-28 | 1981-12-29 | General Electric Company | Magnet arrangement for axial flux focussing for two-pole permanent magnet A.C. machines |
| US4361791A (en) | 1981-05-12 | 1982-11-30 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for controlling a PWM inverter-permanent magnet synchronous motor drive |
| US4388545A (en) | 1981-06-10 | 1983-06-14 | General Electric Company | Rotor for a permanent magnet AC motor |
| JPS5815450A (en) * | 1981-07-16 | 1983-01-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Ventilating device for rotary electric machine |
| US4405873A (en) | 1981-10-26 | 1983-09-20 | General Electric Company | Rotor for a line-start permanent-magnet motor |
| US4417168A (en) | 1981-10-26 | 1983-11-22 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet rotor for a dynamo electric machine |
| US4811375A (en) * | 1981-12-02 | 1989-03-07 | Medical Electronic Imaging Corporation | X-ray tubes |
| US4469970A (en) | 1981-12-24 | 1984-09-04 | General Electric Company | Rotor for permanent magnet excited synchronous motor |
| CH660264A5 (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1987-03-31 | Papst Motoren Gmbh & Co Kg | COLLECTORLESS DC MOTOR. |
| US4464596A (en) | 1982-09-27 | 1984-08-07 | General Electric Company | Multi-section permanent magnet rotor |
| US4443934A (en) * | 1982-10-04 | 1984-04-24 | General Electric Company | Method of assembling permanent magnet dc machines |
| US4480207A (en) | 1982-12-27 | 1984-10-30 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet rotor and method of making same |
| US4510680A (en) * | 1982-12-27 | 1985-04-16 | General Electric Company | Method of making a permanent magnet rotor |
| DE3305225A1 (en) | 1983-02-16 | 1984-08-16 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie., Baden, Aargau | High-voltage DC-transmission power station in a block circuit |
| EP0118802B1 (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1986-05-07 | BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. | Gas-cooled alternating current machine |
| US4460834A (en) | 1983-08-29 | 1984-07-17 | Power Group International Corp. | Uninterruptible power system |
| US4525925A (en) | 1983-09-22 | 1985-07-02 | General Electric Company | Method of making permanent magnet rotor |
| US4472651A (en) | 1983-09-22 | 1984-09-18 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet rotor |
| US4486679A (en) | 1983-10-28 | 1984-12-04 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet rotor and method of making same |
| US4570333A (en) * | 1983-10-28 | 1986-02-18 | General Electric Company | Method of making a permanent magnet rotor |
| US4759116A (en) | 1983-11-03 | 1988-07-26 | General Electric Company | Method of applying containment shroud on permanent magnet rotors |
| US4506181A (en) * | 1984-03-02 | 1985-03-19 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet rotor with complete amortisseur |
| EP0169682B1 (en) | 1984-07-13 | 1991-06-05 | John Leishman Sneddon | Fluid machine |
| US4649331A (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1987-03-10 | General Electric Company | Flux-weakening regime operation of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor |
| JPS62185567A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1987-08-13 | Toshiba Corp | Starting method for phase converter |
| JPS62201054A (en) * | 1986-02-26 | 1987-09-04 | Toshiba Corp | Phase converter |
| US4928553A (en) | 1986-04-30 | 1990-05-29 | Wagner John T | Variable-inertia flywheels and transmission |
| US4684818A (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1987-08-04 | General Motors Corporation | Motor vehicle electrical system providing multiple DC voltages |
| US4723188A (en) * | 1986-09-15 | 1988-02-02 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet surge arrestor for DC power converter |
| US4872307A (en) | 1987-05-13 | 1989-10-10 | Gibbs & Hill, Inc. | Retrofit of simple cycle gas turbines for compressed air energy storage application |
| US4936098A (en) | 1987-05-13 | 1990-06-26 | Gibbs & Hill, Inc. | Utilization of circulating fluidized bed combustors for compressed air energy storage application |
| JPH0683593B2 (en) | 1987-08-14 | 1994-10-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Generator / motor device and control method |
| JPH01152992A (en) * | 1987-12-10 | 1989-06-15 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Squirrel-cage induction motor |
| US4814677A (en) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-03-21 | General Electric Company | Field orientation control of a permanent magnet motor |
| US4918831A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1990-04-24 | General Electric Company | Method of fabricating composite rotor laminations for use in reluctance, homopolar and permanent magnet machines |
| US4916346A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1990-04-10 | General Electric Company | Composite rotor lamination for use in reluctance hompolar, and permanent magnet machines |
| GB8805420D0 (en) * | 1988-03-08 | 1988-04-07 | Framo Dev Ltd | Electrically powered pump unit |
| US4862009A (en) | 1988-03-22 | 1989-08-29 | General Electric Company | Combined electric starter and alternator system using a permanent magnet synchronous machine |
| US5345669A (en) | 1988-06-08 | 1994-09-13 | General Electric Company | Method of making a permanent magnet rotor |
| US5144735A (en) | 1988-06-08 | 1992-09-08 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for assembling a permanent magnet rotor |
| US5237737A (en) | 1988-06-08 | 1993-08-24 | General Electric Company | Method of making a permanent magnet rotor |
| US5563463A (en) | 1988-06-08 | 1996-10-08 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet rotor |
| US5040286A (en) | 1988-06-08 | 1991-08-20 | General Electric Company | Method for making permanent magnet rotor |
| US5010267A (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1991-04-23 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Variable speed machine with high power density |
| US4857755A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1989-08-15 | Comstock W Kenneth | Constant power system and method |
| US4912618A (en) * | 1988-11-04 | 1990-03-27 | Sundstrand Corporation | Variable speed, constant frequency generating system with input transformer |
| US4888749A (en) | 1989-01-30 | 1989-12-19 | Timex Corporation | Three hand movement for a timepiece having a stepping motor |
| US5081368A (en) * | 1989-04-28 | 1992-01-14 | Atlas Energy Systems, Inc. | Uninterruptible power supply with a variable speed drive driving an induction motor/generator |
| US5216308A (en) | 1989-05-25 | 1993-06-01 | Avcon-Advanced Controls Technology, Inc. | Magnetic bearing structure providing radial, axial and moment load bearing support for a rotatable shaft |
| GB8921071D0 (en) | 1989-09-18 | 1989-11-01 | Framo Dev Ltd | Pump or compressor unit |
| DE3932481A1 (en) | 1989-09-28 | 1991-04-11 | Magnet Motor Gmbh | ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH FLUID COOLING |
| GB8923280D0 (en) | 1989-10-16 | 1989-12-06 | Framo Dev Ltd | Pump apparatus |
| US5055764A (en) | 1989-12-11 | 1991-10-08 | Sundstrand Corporation | Low voltage aircraft engine starting system |
| US5057697A (en) | 1990-03-22 | 1991-10-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | DC uninterrupted power supply having instantaneous switching followed by low impedance switching |
| US5031746A (en) | 1990-03-30 | 1991-07-16 | Erkki Koivunen | Multi-mode clutch for change-speed transmissions |
| GB9014237D0 (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1990-08-15 | Framo Dev Ltd | Subsea pump system |
| JPH04219493A (en) | 1990-08-10 | 1992-08-10 | Ebara Corp | Turbo-molecular pump |
| US5229650A (en) | 1990-11-07 | 1993-07-20 | Yuasa Battery Company Limited | Uniterruptible power system |
| US5083039B1 (en) | 1991-02-01 | 1999-11-16 | Zond Energy Systems Inc | Variable speed wind turbine |
| US5311062A (en) | 1991-04-04 | 1994-05-10 | Otto Farkas | Transient-free synchronous electrical power machine |
| GB9112059D0 (en) | 1991-06-05 | 1991-07-24 | Jestar Ltd | Electrical machines |
| DE69216405T2 (en) * | 1991-06-17 | 1997-04-24 | Electric Power Res Inst | ENERGY SYSTEM WITH COMPRESSED AIR STORAGE |
| US5137286A (en) | 1991-08-23 | 1992-08-11 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet floating shaft seal |
| US5250867A (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1993-10-05 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet brushless DC motor having reduced cogging |
| US5179308A (en) * | 1992-01-14 | 1993-01-12 | Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | High-speed, low-loss antifriction bearing assembly |
| GB9201600D0 (en) | 1992-01-24 | 1992-03-11 | Turner Intellect Property Ltd | Power tool |
| JP2733724B2 (en) * | 1992-03-12 | 1998-03-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Current control device for multi-winding AC motor |
| US5881448A (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 1999-03-16 | General Electric Company | Method for making permanent magnet rotor |
| US6348752B1 (en) * | 1992-04-06 | 2002-02-19 | General Electric Company | Integral motor and control |
| US5257872A (en) | 1992-05-05 | 1993-11-02 | Hughes Aircraft Company | High power waveguide switch and method |
| US5327069A (en) | 1992-06-19 | 1994-07-05 | General Electric Company | Switched reluctance machine including permanent magnet stator poles |
| US5309081A (en) | 1992-08-18 | 1994-05-03 | Sundstrand Corporation | Power conversion system with dual permanent magnet generator having prime mover start capability |
| US5283471A (en) | 1992-08-31 | 1994-02-01 | Eemco/Datron, Inc. | DC generator and back-up engine starting apparatus |
| US5394321A (en) * | 1992-09-02 | 1995-02-28 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Quasi square-wave back-EMF permanent magnet AC machines with five or more phases |
| US5288447A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-02-22 | General Electric Company | Method of making permanent magnet rotors |
| US5345130A (en) | 1993-04-28 | 1994-09-06 | General Electric Company | Modable permanent magnet rotor for optimized field shaping |
| US5602957A (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1997-02-11 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet direct current motor |
| US5689174A (en) | 1993-08-13 | 1997-11-18 | Pacheco, Sr.; Angel Luis | Electrical power system |
| US5398571A (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-03-21 | Lewis; David W. | Flywheel storage system with improved magnetic bearings |
| JPH0787716A (en) * | 1993-09-10 | 1995-03-31 | Shibaura Eng Works Co Ltd | Motor |
| GB9319323D0 (en) | 1993-09-17 | 1993-11-03 | British Gas Plc | An electrical power generating arrangement |
| US5852338A (en) | 1997-02-03 | 1998-12-22 | General Electric Company | Dynamoelectric machine and method for manufacturing same |
| GB2283133B (en) | 1993-10-20 | 1998-04-15 | Gen Electric | Dynamoelectric machine and method for manufacturing same |
| US5473240A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-12-05 | Whirlpool Corporation | Motor control using third harmonic stator voltage signal |
| US5345156A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1994-09-06 | Whirlpool Corporation | Control for high speed operation of brushless permanent magnet motor |
| IL108546A (en) | 1994-02-03 | 1997-01-10 | Israel Electric Corp Ltd | Compressed air energy storage method and system |
| FR2718902B1 (en) | 1994-04-13 | 1996-05-24 | Europ Gas Turbines Sa | Turbine-generator assembly without reducer. |
| EP0678967A1 (en) | 1994-04-18 | 1995-10-25 | General Electric Company | Rotor for permanent magnet motor |
| JP2553319B2 (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-11-13 | 株式会社東芝 | Variable speed generator motor |
| US6397946B1 (en) | 1994-10-14 | 2002-06-04 | Smart Drilling And Completion, Inc. | Closed-loop system to compete oil and gas wells closed-loop system to complete oil and gas wells c |
| US6868906B1 (en) * | 1994-10-14 | 2005-03-22 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Closed-loop conveyance systems for well servicing |
| US5602462A (en) * | 1995-02-21 | 1997-02-11 | Best Power Technology, Incorporated | Uninterruptible power system |
| JP3322060B2 (en) | 1995-03-23 | 2002-09-09 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Power plant and power plant control device |
| US5611516A (en) * | 1995-03-27 | 1997-03-18 | Marotta Scientific Control, Inc. | Rotary ball valve with retracting seat |
| US5769069A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1998-06-23 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources | Low flow-rate pump |
| US6177734B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2001-01-23 | Isad Electronic Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Starter/generator for an internal combustion engine, especially an engine of a motor vehicle |
| SE505214C2 (en) | 1995-09-04 | 1997-07-14 | Chandur Sadarangani | hybrid Drive |
| DE19538381C2 (en) * | 1995-10-14 | 1999-07-15 | Aeg Energietechnik Gmbh | Arrangement for the uninterruptible power supply of electrical consumers |
| US5637049A (en) | 1995-10-24 | 1997-06-10 | Vehicular Technologies, Inc. | Locking differential |
| JP3454036B2 (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 2003-10-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Hybrid drive |
| US5821630A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1998-10-13 | Schutten; Herman P. | Flywheel-speed sensing for control of an emergency-power engine |
| US5758709A (en) | 1995-12-04 | 1998-06-02 | General Electric Company | Method of fabricating a rotor for an electric motor |
| US5795135A (en) | 1995-12-05 | 1998-08-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Sub-sea pumping system and an associated method including pressure compensating arrangement for cooling and lubricating fluid |
| US6059539A (en) | 1995-12-05 | 2000-05-09 | Westinghouse Government Services Company Llc | Sub-sea pumping system and associated method including pressure compensating arrangement for cooling and lubricating |
| US5866964A (en) * | 1996-01-29 | 1999-02-02 | Emerson Electric Company | Reluctance machine with auxiliary field excitations |
| US5627744A (en) | 1996-02-02 | 1997-05-06 | Sundstrand Corporation | Converter enhanced variable frequency power bus architecture |
| US5646458A (en) | 1996-02-22 | 1997-07-08 | Atlas Energy Systems, Inc. | Uninterruptible power system with a flywheel-driven source of standby power |
| ES2113314B1 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1999-01-01 | Hart Monetic S A | UNINTERRUPTED ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM. |
| US5982045A (en) | 1996-04-19 | 1999-11-09 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hybrid vehicle drive system adapted to prevent concurrent mode change and transmission shifting or torque distribution ratio change |
| WO1997043892A2 (en) * | 1996-05-06 | 1997-11-27 | Superconductivity, Inc. | System and method for estimating a load to optimize a backup energy system response |
| JP3512950B2 (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 2004-03-31 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Power generator for internal combustion engines |
| US5796194A (en) | 1996-07-15 | 1998-08-18 | General Electric Company | Quadrature axis winding for sensorless rotor angular position control of single phase permanent magnet motor |
| US5767591A (en) | 1996-09-09 | 1998-06-16 | Active Power, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing startup power to a genset-backed uninterruptible power supply |
| US6570361B1 (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2003-05-27 | Borealis Technical Limited | Rotating induction apparatus |
| US5811960A (en) | 1996-10-02 | 1998-09-22 | United Power Corporation | Battery-less uninterruptable sequel power supply |
| DE19645943A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 | 1998-05-14 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Starter unit for an internal combustion engine |
| US6411002B1 (en) | 1996-12-11 | 2002-06-25 | Smith Technology Development | Axial field electric machine |
| US5990588A (en) | 1996-12-13 | 1999-11-23 | General Electric Company | Induction motor driven seal-less pump |
| ATE207668T1 (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 2001-11-15 | Ponte Manuel Dos Santos Da | HYBRID GENERATOR DEVICE |
| US6462976B1 (en) | 1997-02-21 | 2002-10-08 | University Of Arkansas | Conversion of electrical energy from one form to another, and its management through multichip module structures |
| DE19715468C1 (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 1998-10-01 | Piller Gmbh | System for stabilizing a power supply network |
| US5994794A (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1999-11-30 | Active Power, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for providing protection to batteries in an uninterruptible power supply |
| US5929538A (en) | 1997-06-27 | 1999-07-27 | Abacus Controls Inc. | Multimode power processor |
| US5894182A (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-04-13 | General Electric Company | Motor with rotor and stator core paired interlocks |
| US6020657A (en) * | 1997-08-27 | 2000-02-01 | Perfect Power Inc. | Power supply for providing instantaneous energy during utility power outages |
| JP3775012B2 (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 2006-05-17 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | Hybrid drive device for vehicle |
| US6107693A (en) | 1997-09-19 | 2000-08-22 | Solo Energy Corporation | Self-contained energy center for producing mechanical, electrical, and heat energy |
| US6219623B1 (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2001-04-17 | Plug Power, Inc. | Anti-islanding method and apparatus for distributed power generation |
| US6054825A (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2000-04-25 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for high voltage generation |
| US5845479A (en) | 1998-01-20 | 1998-12-08 | Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. | Method for providing emergency reserve power using storage techniques for electrical systems applications |
| US5984173A (en) | 1998-02-02 | 1999-11-16 | Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution, Llc | Neutral point connected apparatus providing compensation to an AC power line |
| US6046554A (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2000-04-04 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for calibrating a permanent-magnet motor using back EMF measurement |
| US5859513A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-01-12 | General Electric Company | Starting and synchronizing system for line-start permanent magnet motor |
| US6084330A (en) | 1998-03-13 | 2000-07-04 | Kollmorgen Corporation | Permanent magnet rotor and method of assembly |
| US6241486B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2001-06-05 | Flowserve Management Company | Compact sealless screw pump |
| US5933339A (en) | 1998-03-23 | 1999-08-03 | Electric Boat Corporation | Modular static power converter connected in a multi-level, multi-phase, multi-circuit configuration |
| US6340851B1 (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2002-01-22 | Electric Boat Corporation | Modular transformer arrangement for use with multi-level power converter |
| US6991362B1 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2006-01-31 | Seaman Anthony E | Agitators for wave-making or mixing as for tanks, and pumps and filters |
| US6488401B1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 2002-12-03 | Anthony E. Seaman | Agitators for wave-making or mixing as for tanks, and pumps and filters |
| US6104113A (en) | 1998-05-14 | 2000-08-15 | General Electric Company | Coil assembly for sensorless rotor angular position control of single phase permanent magnet motor |
| KR20010071284A (en) | 1998-05-19 | 2001-07-28 | 추후제출 | Power System |
| US6002191A (en) | 1998-06-19 | 1999-12-14 | General Electric Company | Paired interlocks for stacking of non-rotated lamination cores |
| US6025666A (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-02-15 | General Electric Company | Controllable flux permanent magnet motor |
| US6777847B1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2004-08-17 | General Electric Company | Rotor core utilizing laminations having slots with dual direction skew portions |
| US5934063A (en) | 1998-07-07 | 1999-08-10 | Nakhamkin; Michael | Method of operating a combustion turbine power plant having compressed air storage |
| US6018207A (en) * | 1998-07-10 | 2000-01-25 | General Electric Company | Paired interlocks for flexible indexing of rotated stator cores |
| US6223417B1 (en) | 1998-08-19 | 2001-05-01 | General Electric Corporation | Method for forming motor with rotor and stator core paired interlocks |
| US6321539B1 (en) | 1998-09-10 | 2001-11-27 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Retrofit equipment for reducing the consumption of fossil fuel by a power plant using solar insolation |
| US6175495B1 (en) * | 1998-09-15 | 2001-01-16 | John Samuel Batchelder | Heat transfer apparatus |
| US6296765B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 | 2001-10-02 | Baldwin Filters, Inc. | Centrifuge housing for receiving centrifuge cartridge and method for removing soot from engine oil |
| US6142090A (en) | 1998-10-07 | 2000-11-07 | Electric Boat Corporation | Power converter arrangement for integration into a ship structure |
| US6133716A (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2000-10-17 | Statordyne, Inc. | High-efficiency high-power uninterrupted power system |
| JP2000134891A (en) * | 1998-10-28 | 2000-05-12 | Okuma Corp | Synchronous motor and controller therefor |
| JP3456158B2 (en) | 1999-01-11 | 2003-10-14 | 国産電機株式会社 | Starter generator for internal combustion engine |
| US6188139B1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2001-02-13 | Electric Boat Corporation | Integrated marine power distribution arrangement |
| US6120620A (en) | 1999-02-12 | 2000-09-19 | General Electric Company | Praseodymium-rich iron-boron-rare earth composition, permanent magnet produced therefrom, and method of making |
| US6198176B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2001-03-06 | Statordyne Llc | UPS/CPS system |
| US6150731A (en) | 1999-02-16 | 2000-11-21 | Electric Boat Corporation | Integrated high frequency marine power distribution arrangement with transformerless high voltage variable speed drive |
| US6204572B1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2001-03-20 | Perfect Power Inc. | Power supply for providing instantaneous energy during electric utility outage |
| US6232671B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2001-05-15 | Mario Gottfried, Jr. | Flywheel energy storage apparatus with braking capability |
| US6169390B1 (en) * | 1999-05-12 | 2001-01-02 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Flywheel-microturbine system |
| US6192687B1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2001-02-27 | Active Power, Inc. | Uninterruptible power supply utilizing thermal energy source |
| US6255743B1 (en) | 1999-05-26 | 2001-07-03 | Active Power, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing an uninterruptible supply of electric power to a critical load |
| US6108206A (en) | 1999-06-21 | 2000-08-22 | General Electric Company | Semiconductor thermal protection arrangement |
| US6426605B1 (en) * | 1999-07-16 | 2002-07-30 | The Texas A&M University System | Multi-phase induction motor drive system and method |
| US6184593B1 (en) * | 1999-07-29 | 2001-02-06 | Abb Power T&D Company Inc. | Uninterruptible power supply |
| US6160722A (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2000-12-12 | Powerware Corporation | Uninterruptible power supplies with dual-sourcing capability and methods of operation thereof |
| US6198803B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2001-03-06 | General Electric Company | Bearing assembly including rotating element and magnetic bearings |
| EP1221190B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2005-03-02 | RWE Piller Gmbh | Device for providing an uninterrupted supply of power comprising an electrical machine and a flywheel |
| US6404655B1 (en) | 1999-12-07 | 2002-06-11 | Semikron, Inc. | Transformerless 3 phase power inverter |
| US6388356B1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2002-05-14 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for controlling electromagnetic flux in dynamoelectric machines |
| IT1309954B1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2002-02-05 | Lucio Berto | SAFETY VALVE STRUCTURE PARTICULARLY FOR GAS. |
| DE10002583A1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2001-08-09 | Piller Gmbh | Device for the uninterruptible power supply of an electrical load with alternating current |
| US6700214B2 (en) * | 2000-02-14 | 2004-03-02 | Aura Systems, Inc. | Mobile power generation system |
| US6239513B1 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-05-29 | Design Power Solutions International | Emergency supplemental power supply for outage protection of critical electric loads |
| US6557642B2 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2003-05-06 | Xl Technology Ltd | Submersible pumps |
| NO313767B1 (en) | 2000-03-20 | 2002-11-25 | Kvaerner Oilfield Prod As | Process for obtaining simultaneous supply of propellant fluid to multiple subsea wells and subsea petroleum production arrangement for simultaneous production of hydrocarbons from multi-subsea wells and supply of propellant fluid to the s. |
| JP2003535563A (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2003-11-25 | シュア パワー コーポレーション | Power supply system using DC bus |
| DE10027859A1 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for improving the efficiency of an electrical machine uses an electric machine with exciter and stator coils to generate electric power and a pulse-controlled inverter to connect to the electric machine in an outgoing circuit. |
| US6324494B1 (en) | 2000-06-16 | 2001-11-27 | General Electric Company | Method and system for modeling stator winding end-turn leakage reactance of an electric motor |
| FR2811155A1 (en) | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-04 | Leroy Somer | Asynchronous electric machine with four or more poles for use as alternator-starter in motor vehicles, uses stator tooth pitch of one and chooses stator and rotor parameter values to reduce harmonics |
| US6707169B2 (en) * | 2000-07-19 | 2004-03-16 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine generator, controller, starter apparatus, and remote control system for the engine generator |
| DE10040273A1 (en) * | 2000-08-14 | 2002-02-28 | Aloys Wobben | Wind turbine |
| RU2176329C1 (en) * | 2000-09-04 | 2001-11-27 | Дашков Александр Николаевич | Energy conversion technique |
| US6624542B1 (en) | 2000-09-23 | 2003-09-23 | Indigo Energy, Inc. | Flywheel power source with passive generator cooling |
| US6281595B1 (en) | 2000-09-25 | 2001-08-28 | General Electric Company | Microturbine based power generation system and method |
| DE10047755B4 (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2011-03-31 | Daimler Ag | Starter-generator apparatus for internal combustion engines and method for operating the device |
| US6700233B2 (en) * | 2000-12-07 | 2004-03-02 | Frank Cordiale | Brushless electric motor |
| US6445079B1 (en) | 2001-01-20 | 2002-09-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling an induction machine |
| US7071581B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2006-07-04 | Satcon Technology Corp. | Uninterruptible power supply system using a slip-ring, wound-rotor-type induction machine and a method for flywheel energy storage |
| US6494042B2 (en) | 2001-02-12 | 2002-12-17 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Method of and apparatus for producing uninterruptible power |
| US6662434B2 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2003-12-16 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for magnetizing a permanent magnet |
| US6518867B2 (en) | 2001-04-03 | 2003-02-11 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet assembly and method of making thereof |
| US6563229B2 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2003-05-13 | Otto Farkas | Standby power system |
| US6463738B1 (en) | 2001-05-21 | 2002-10-15 | Active Power, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing a continuous supply of electric power |
| US6507128B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2003-01-14 | General Electric Company | Low-energy storage fast-start uninterruptible power supply system and method |
| NL1018212C2 (en) * | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-10 | Siemens Demag Delaval Turbomac | Compressor unit comprising a centrifugal compressor and an electric motor. |
| US6504337B1 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2003-01-07 | General Electric Company | Motor modeling using harmonic ampere-turn saturation method |
| US6437533B1 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2002-08-20 | Buehler Motor, Inc. | Actuator position control with inductive sensing |
| US6596096B2 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2003-07-22 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet for electromagnetic device and method of making |
| ATE298042T1 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2005-07-15 | Clean Current Power Systems Inc | UNDERWATER MANUEL TURBINE |
| US6657321B2 (en) | 2001-10-02 | 2003-12-02 | General Electric Company | Direct current uninterruptible power supply method and system |
| US6934666B2 (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2005-08-23 | General Electric Company | Method for optimizing strategy for electric machines |
| US6737762B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2004-05-18 | Onan Corporation | Generator with DC boost for uninterruptible power supply system or for enhanced load pickup |
| US6788029B1 (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2004-09-07 | Christopher W. Gabrys | Flywheel with switched coupling regulator |
| JP3560947B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2004-09-02 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Rotating electric machine |
| US6614132B2 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2003-09-02 | Beacon Power Corporation | Multiple flywheel energy storage system |
| US6883328B2 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2005-04-26 | Ormat Technologies, Inc. | Hybrid power system for continuous reliable power at remote locations |
| US7313840B2 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2008-01-01 | Charles E. Watkins | Induction liquid pump and magnetic tank scrubber |
| US6753619B2 (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2004-06-22 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Fly-wheel-based regenerative energy management system |
| JP2004080931A (en) | 2002-08-20 | 2004-03-11 | Kokusan Denki Co Ltd | Starter generator for internal combustion engine |
| US6844706B2 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-01-18 | Active Power, Inc. | Multiple path variable speed constant frequency device having automatic power path selection capability |
| US6879053B1 (en) * | 2002-10-22 | 2005-04-12 | Youtility, Inc. | Transformerless, load adaptive speed controller |
| US7108095B1 (en) | 2002-11-13 | 2006-09-19 | Jerry Washington | System and method for generating power |
| US6727600B1 (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-04-27 | Ilich Abdurachmanov | Small underwater generator with self-adjusting axial gap |
| US6813328B2 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2004-11-02 | Curtiss-Wright Electro-Mechanical Corporation | Nuclear reactor submerged high temperature spool pump |
| US6825666B2 (en) | 2002-12-23 | 2004-11-30 | General Electric Company | Pole face for permanent magnet MRI with laminated structure |
| US7075399B2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2006-07-11 | Hamilton Sunstrand Corporation | Liquid-cooled inductive devices with interspersed winding layers and directed coolant flow |
| US20050062572A1 (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-03-24 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet alloy for medical imaging system and method of making |
| JP3985760B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2007-10-03 | 株式会社デンソー | Rotating electrical machine system |
| US7423431B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2008-09-09 | General Electric Company | Multiple ring polefaceless permanent magnet and method of making |
| US7148689B2 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2006-12-12 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet assembly with movable permanent body for main magnetic field adjustable |
| US7218195B2 (en) * | 2003-10-01 | 2007-05-15 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for magnetizing a permanent magnet |
| US7407371B2 (en) | 2003-10-29 | 2008-08-05 | Michele Leone | Centrifugal multistage pump |
| US7190101B2 (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2007-03-13 | Light Engineering, Inc. | Stator coil arrangement for an axial airgap electric device including low-loss materials |
| US20050104470A1 (en) | 2003-11-13 | 2005-05-19 | Perkins William P. | Integrated stator-axle for in-wheel motor of an electric vehicle |
| US7042108B2 (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2006-05-09 | Otto Farkas | Backup power system |
| US7137450B2 (en) | 2004-02-18 | 2006-11-21 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Electric-hydraulic power unit |
| US6998724B2 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2006-02-14 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Power generation system |
| DE112005001215T5 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2013-10-10 | Siemens Industry, Inc. (n.d.Ges.d. Staates Delaware) | System and method for cooling the power electronics of a mining machine |
| JP2006050709A (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2006-02-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electric power steering device |
| US6967461B1 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2005-11-22 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | North-south pole determination for carrier injection sensorless position sensing systems |
| US7230344B2 (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2007-06-12 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for transient and uninterruptible power |
| US7358620B2 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2008-04-15 | Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for ride-through operation of a complementary device to a transient power source |
| US7156183B2 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2007-01-02 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Electric hydraulic power unit and method of using same |
| JP2006174606A (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2006-06-29 | Hitachi Ltd | Vehicular dynamo-electric machine system |
| US7226277B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2007-06-05 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Pump and method |
| US20060208595A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Bradfield Michael D | Three-phase synchronous ac generator with electrically phase shifted stator windings for reduced mechanical and magnetic noise |
| US7228616B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2007-06-12 | General Electric Company | System and method for magnetization of permanent magnet rotors in electrical machines |
| US20090134734A1 (en) * | 2005-07-19 | 2009-05-28 | Denso Corporation | Ac motor and control unit thereof |
| US7791238B2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2010-09-07 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Internal thermal management for motor driven machinery |
| US7573168B2 (en) | 2005-10-24 | 2009-08-11 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for assembling a permanent magnet pole assembly |
| FR2898439B1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2008-05-30 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH FLOW SWITCHING AND DOUBLE EXCITATION |
| US7208854B1 (en) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-04-24 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Rotor cooling system for synchronous machines with conductive sleeve |
| JP4876661B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2012-02-15 | 株式会社デンソー | Electric generator for vehicle |
| US7521835B2 (en) | 2006-06-27 | 2009-04-21 | General Electric Company | Permanent magnet machine with windings having strand transposition |
| US7863842B1 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2011-01-04 | Marvell International Ltd. | Motor spindle control system and method |
| US7710081B2 (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2010-05-04 | Direct Drive Systems, Inc. | Electromechanical energy conversion systems |
| US7400052B1 (en) | 2006-11-29 | 2008-07-15 | Active Power, Inc. | Transient energy systems and methods for use of the same |
| US20080157622A1 (en) | 2007-01-03 | 2008-07-03 | General Electric Company | Fault-tolerant permanent magnet machine |
| AU2008224884B2 (en) | 2007-03-15 | 2012-09-13 | Direct Drive Systems, Inc. | Cooling an electrical machine |
| US20080238234A1 (en) | 2007-03-27 | 2008-10-02 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Segmented permanent magnet rotor for high speed synchronous machines |
| US7605504B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2009-10-20 | General Electric Company | Fault-tolerant permanent magnet machine with reconfigurable stator core slot flux paths |
| US7605503B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2009-10-20 | General Electric Company | Fault-tolerant permanent magnet machine with reconfigurable stator core slot opening and back iron flux paths |
| US7541705B2 (en) | 2007-03-28 | 2009-06-02 | General Electric Company | Fault-tolerant permanent magnet machine with reconfigurable flux paths in stator back iron |
| US7863868B2 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2011-01-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Generator with quadrature AC excitation |
| US20090009012A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2009-01-08 | General Electric Company | Assembly and method for magnetization of permanent magnet rotors in electrical machines |
| GB0715472D0 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2007-09-19 | Rolls Royce Plc | An electrical machine |
| US7573144B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-11 | Direct Drive Systems, Inc. | Reconfigurable power system using multiple phase-set electric machines |
| US7859212B2 (en) | 2008-03-03 | 2010-12-28 | Direct Drive Systems, Inc. | Electric drive system with redundancy |
| US20090232664A1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-17 | General Electric | Permanent magnet motor for subsea pump drive |
| US7741750B1 (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-06-22 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Induction motor with improved torque density |
| JP4715934B2 (en) * | 2009-02-20 | 2011-07-06 | 株式会社デンソー | 5-phase motor |
| US20100289447A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2010-11-18 | Dobson Eric L | System and method for power management of energy storage devices |
| US7863766B2 (en) * | 2009-06-30 | 2011-01-04 | Teco-Westinghouse Motor Company | Power converter for use with wind generator |
-
2007
- 2007-05-21 US US11/751,450 patent/US7710081B2/en active Active
- 2007-10-25 AU AU2007317638A patent/AU2007317638B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-10-25 DK DK07844608.5T patent/DK2082471T3/en active
- 2007-10-25 EP EP07844608A patent/EP2082471B1/en active Active
- 2007-10-25 CA CA2664864A patent/CA2664864C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-25 CN CN2007800396115A patent/CN101584102B/en active Active
- 2007-10-25 WO PCT/US2007/082541 patent/WO2008057789A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-10-25 EP EP10157356.6A patent/EP2197088A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-25 JP JP2009534861A patent/JP2010508802A/en active Pending
- 2007-10-25 MX MX2009004497A patent/MX2009004497A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2007-10-25 DE DE602007005507T patent/DE602007005507D1/en active Active
- 2007-10-25 AT AT07844608T patent/ATE462216T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-10-25 KR KR1020097010735A patent/KR20090074265A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2010
- 2010-03-29 US US12/749,226 patent/US7960948B2/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10008854B2 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2018-06-26 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for time-domain droop control with integrated phasor current control |
| US10951037B2 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2021-03-16 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for time-domain droop control with integrated phasor current control |
| US11355936B2 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2022-06-07 | Enphase Energy, Inc. | Method and apparatus for time-domain droop control with integrated phasor current control |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100244599A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
| EP2082471B1 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
| EP2197088A3 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| AU2007317638A1 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| DK2082471T3 (en) | 2010-07-12 |
| US7960948B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 |
| AU2007317638B2 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
| US7710081B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
| CN101584102A (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| WO2008057789A2 (en) | 2008-05-15 |
| EP2082471A2 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
| DE602007005507D1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
| KR20090074265A (en) | 2009-07-06 |
| US20080103632A1 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
| JP2010508802A (en) | 2010-03-18 |
| WO2008057789A3 (en) | 2008-07-10 |
| CN101584102B (en) | 2013-01-30 |
| ATE462216T1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
| CA2664864C (en) | 2015-02-17 |
| MX2009004497A (en) | 2009-09-22 |
| EP2197088A2 (en) | 2010-06-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2664864A1 (en) | Electromechanical energy conversion systems | |
| Ifedi et al. | Fault-tolerant in-wheel motor topologies for high-performance electric vehicles | |
| Gu et al. | A multiport power conversion system for the more electric aircraft | |
| US7633172B2 (en) | Three plus three phase flywheel power supply | |
| US20180183298A1 (en) | Dual purpose no voltage winding design for bearingless ac homopolar and consequent pole motors and an ac homopolar flywheel energy storage system | |
| US9148040B2 (en) | Electromagnetic component for a stator segment of an electrical machine | |
| Ostovic et al. | A magnetic-equivalent-circuit-based performance computation of a Lundell alternator | |
| US20120025634A1 (en) | Electric Machine | |
| Tang et al. | Framework and solution techniques for suppressing electric machine winding MMF space harmonics by varying slot distribution and coil turns | |
| US20070035193A1 (en) | Three-phase synchronous machine having a permanent magnet rotor with an induction cage | |
| EP2168235B1 (en) | A synchronous electrical machine | |
| Luise et al. | Design and technology solutions for high-efficiency high-speed motors | |
| CN109904999A (en) | Inhibit the oblique pole design method of rotor segment and system of the intrinsic shaft voltage of fractional-slot magneto | |
| CN103915922A (en) | Stator for synchronous motor | |
| Ceban et al. | Finite element diagnosis of rotor faults in induction motors based on low frequency harmonics of the near-magnetic field | |
| Soman et al. | Investigation of scaling laws of modular multilevel converters for sizing breaker-less MVDC architectures | |
| Rahideh et al. | Analytical calculations of electromagnetic quantities for slotted brushless machines with surface-inset magnets | |
| Tounsi | Constrained design and control of trapezoidal waves‐forms hybrid excitation synchronous motor increasing energy accumulator lifetime | |
| Zhang et al. | Design of the six-pole hybrid magnetic bearing with separated magnetic circuit to generate symmetrical levitation force | |
| Beer et al. | High Speed Motor Design For Gas Compressor Applications. | |
| Ooshima | Analyses of rotational torque and suspension force in a permanent magnet synchronous bearingless motor with short-pitch winding | |
| Hodge et al. | Dual wound machines for electric ship power systems | |
| Valavi et al. | Analysis of radial magnetic forces in hydrogenerators with fractional-slot windings | |
| Sarson | Kinematic dynamos driven by thermal-wind flows | |
| Hecker et al. | Parameter identification of an axial-flux induction machine by winding functions |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20201026 |