CA2626372A1 - A multi-hop wireless mesh network medium access control protocol - Google Patents
A multi-hop wireless mesh network medium access control protocol Download PDFInfo
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- CA2626372A1 CA2626372A1 CA002626372A CA2626372A CA2626372A1 CA 2626372 A1 CA2626372 A1 CA 2626372A1 CA 002626372 A CA002626372 A CA 002626372A CA 2626372 A CA2626372 A CA 2626372A CA 2626372 A1 CA2626372 A1 CA 2626372A1
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- Prior art keywords
- subcarriers
- contended
- signal
- cts
- psd
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA
- H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA carrier sensing with collision avoidance
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/32—TPC of broadcast or control channels
- H04W52/325—Power control of control or pilot channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using carrier sensing, e.g. as in CSMA
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W80/00—Wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
Abstract
Systems and methodologies are described that facilitate mitigating a hidden node condition in a wireless mesh network wherein nodes utilize a request-to-send/clear-to- send (RTS/CTS) protocol in conjunction with an asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request protocol. For instanse, a node may contend for a set of subcarriers by sending an RTS signal over the desired subcarriers, and may receive a CTS signal over the contended subcarriers. wherein the CTS
signal indicates which subcarriers the node may transmit data over. If another node has won the contention for a particular subcarrier, requesting node may adjust a power level at which it transmits an RTS or a data packet in order to permit the requesting node to utilize the subcarrier without interfering with the winning node.
signal indicates which subcarriers the node may transmit data over. If another node has won the contention for a particular subcarrier, requesting node may adjust a power level at which it transmits an RTS or a data packet in order to permit the requesting node to utilize the subcarrier without interfering with the winning node.
Description
A MULTI-HOP WIRELESS MESH NETWORK MEDIUM ACCESS
CONTROL PROTOCOL
BACKGROUND
1. Field 100021 The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to reducing interference in a wireless communication environment.
II. Background [0003] Wireless communication systems have become a prevalent means by which a majority of people worldwide has come to communicate. Wireless communication devices have become smaller and more powerful in order to meet consumer needs and to improve portability and convenience. The increase in processing power in mobile devices such as cellular telephones has lead to an increase in demands on wireless network transmission systems. Such systems typically are not as easily updated as the cellular devices that communicate there over. As mobile device capabilities expand, it can be difficult to maintain an older wireless network system in a manner that facilitates fully exploiting new and improved wireless device capabilities.
[00041 More particularly, frequency division based techniques typically separate the spectrum into distinct channels by splitting it into chunks of bandwidth, which may be uniform or non-uniform. For example, division of the frequency band allocated for wireless communication can be split into 30 channels, each of which can carry a voice conversation or, with digital service, carry digital data. Each channel can be assigned to one user at a time. One known variant is an orthogonal frequency division technique that effectively partitions the overall system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal subbands. These subbands are also referred to as tones, carriers, subcarriers, bins, and/or frequency channels. Each subband is associated with a subcarrier that can be AMENDED SHEET
CONTROL PROTOCOL
BACKGROUND
1. Field 100021 The following description relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to reducing interference in a wireless communication environment.
II. Background [0003] Wireless communication systems have become a prevalent means by which a majority of people worldwide has come to communicate. Wireless communication devices have become smaller and more powerful in order to meet consumer needs and to improve portability and convenience. The increase in processing power in mobile devices such as cellular telephones has lead to an increase in demands on wireless network transmission systems. Such systems typically are not as easily updated as the cellular devices that communicate there over. As mobile device capabilities expand, it can be difficult to maintain an older wireless network system in a manner that facilitates fully exploiting new and improved wireless device capabilities.
[00041 More particularly, frequency division based techniques typically separate the spectrum into distinct channels by splitting it into chunks of bandwidth, which may be uniform or non-uniform. For example, division of the frequency band allocated for wireless communication can be split into 30 channels, each of which can carry a voice conversation or, with digital service, carry digital data. Each channel can be assigned to one user at a time. One known variant is an orthogonal frequency division technique that effectively partitions the overall system bandwidth into multiple orthogonal subbands. These subbands are also referred to as tones, carriers, subcarriers, bins, and/or frequency channels. Each subband is associated with a subcarrier that can be AMENDED SHEET
modkxlated ~~-ixta da-ta. ~Witki fiti><e di'vxsion basZ:d tea~iniques< a bud is sp4it t.ime-r-vise iixta SoxqYic,ntiai -tinxc: s:iiccs or time-s3ots. Each Ã~gei- of -a channel is, provided 1N-irh a tirixc=
slice for ÃransnxiÃtixi{= :~~-id receiving inforin.Etican in a ramn.ci-robrn mrFuat:r. Ft}r t.xat3-zi71e, at any givQix timc; t, ausur is provided a"oss to th~: chamwl for a sh.oxt.
tntrst. 11en, -ICc:Qss s%-itc.txis to another user who is i.~rovidcct Nv'ith a short buist of tini4 for transmitting a.nd.i=ecc:ivirzg iixfbrniat.ic>n. T'Ixo cy=cte of "kAi.rfg t:uzr.is" conEinue's, m3ci eventually ea.ch iise;r is pmvidod with nnu1Ã:ipk ta>ialsrn.ission mxci reception bt;rsis.
~~0511 Code divisiaai. based tcciftiiqiies typicai[v -trwisrnit. dam. over a ritlrnber of frequencies av-ailible at xiy t:inxc; in. a range. In ~c:r~~:a,i.t; c~>it:i .is digitizedat3d. Spre>id over available bzmciwidih, whex=ein ni-aI.4ptu users can tse overlaid on 1i3e.
eixarins;l and refipecti.-vr,: ttfiers cmi b4 assigi}ed a uji.iquc seqctvaco cc}clc-. Us4rs cmi ~iiisiiiit in ifh~:
samo~t"idc:-band clitu3k of sp~ c~cfrf~2, t;i~ereiri c:ach -aser's signal is sproad ova:r tti:,: catirc bandwidth by its respec=tivor.aniqxis 4ha~irt~, ~~17ec~i~~ c~fac} ~r r~~~fc users Ã~iY cc~~~eixffc~~tl~ ~~ac~sr~~ii arac~ ri eeisi .~~~~~~ 4t~~ri~f~
can be aehieved t.i~-ottA spread spc:cfntm digit,4 mc~diilaticn, iviivmin a tss;r s strt.afn of bits is oncrr3dcd mid epmad aet=a;;s a. very wictt. chzmr=iet in a 13se udo=-i:uzdom fashion.Tze receiv4t is designed tti rLcvgt3ize the a:;sociak.-d tai-iictitiD sequence cocit. arid,tindo=the randomization in order to col1eGt tl3c bziz, for :i. ~articidar ii:;or iai a=
eohorent nxanner.
ft3+0061 A tyi:sic-at -~vi:reicss cnrnmuilicaiion network (e.y , anaÃ7lo~ill~;
fr~~qllen= y.
iirzie, wid t=~ode di-visicri tec;;iniques) Wciyuries zeru or iitoi-o (e.g , .ii:z art crd 1~~~~~ new~ork:) base; sttrttions -iliat provide a covc:rage :tm:t ~--md om or more iiiobile (e~ g:. wireless) ton.ninals that can transniif and rec;,i-ve data ia ithfn tfie cm'efagenra::t.
Atypicat basti cÃaiion, can s.im.nltanLousiy t:rari.rnzi:t natzlt:iPtc; datascreams fnr brm-tdcasi, mrdticast.
xi.dr'cr;r tisi:i.c:.ast servzcs;s, AvIiet'e%t~ ~dita a~rezm .is~ a atri,azn of data that i.m be of in~~s~~erz~Gnt r~ cs ~tÃon in~ex~ st ta a inc~~ri~~ t~rri;tri~~. Arnobite-terminal w#t;bi;n. the coverage ima oftiZat base station can be. interostud in receiving one, s3iorc than onL o,' aJl tlie dat.<t. strewns carried by fiic c~,~mposit*: streatn. Likc;Nv=ise, a rt-Ã.Ã.~bil~.~ t:ei=.mi.n~.l -ewY
transmit data to the Wase station or arfotlzer iriobile tcrxnizYa.I. S= c~-i communication Nwftveon base station wid mabile t(:ni'vinaJor beummi mobife u rm7nals can bQ
i:~egr;icir:d &aeto c;kimme). power variations. Adcii.#:ionaI3y, in fixx3piat2Ãied.; orcrca'hoe dopluyms.fkt:s: i=vhcri fii-rsbile tc;nnimds act as reiays for other i~iobite ter;zi:inaIs to ~.~nn:it communication with a scner or base stalion, banrlwid.Ã'li naay be Iimited aiatilort ctsi:tge:sÃ:od ii3 areas ~~ ~iu~z gi~n~at streqzgth is miaim.-:I. RwsoF;rct, allocation can become di,ffictfit, xaecLss.itating-i=esours:e shari.ag in a ii-izuirie.r that is spectrally efficient. Accordingly, a need in the art exists for systems and/or methodologies that facilitate reducing interference and improving throughput in an ad hoc wireless communication environment.
SUMMARY
[0007] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0008] In accordance with various aspects, systems and methods described herein facilitate mitigating a "hidden node" condition that can occur when nodes transmit at different transmit power levels while employing a request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) resource allocation mechanism. The hidden node condition occurs when a node (e.g., an access terminal, an access point, a transmitting node, etc.) begins transmitting because it has sensed that a resource (e.g., a channel, a subcarrier, etc.) is idle, when in fact the resource is being utilized for transmission by another node, thus creating excess interference at a receiving node. According to some aspects, a node may contend for a subcarrier independently by transmitting an RTS on the subcarrier for which the node is contending. Asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request protocols may be utilized to increase reliability and permit aggressive rate prediction.
[0009] According to an aspect, a method of multi-carrier wireless transmission may comprise contending for a set of subcarriers independently of contending for other subcarriers and determining whether a subset of the set of contended subcarriers is available for data transmission, The method may further comprise transmitting a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the set of contended subcarriers, transmitting a preference list of subcarriers, receiving a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for a subset of the set of contended subcarriers, wherein the CTS signal has been transmitted at a known power spectral density (PSD), transmitting a data signal utilizing the subset of contended subcarriers, and/or transmitting the data signal utilizing less than total available bandwidth associated with the subset of contended subcan=iers.
AMENDED SHEET
slice for ÃransnxiÃtixi{= :~~-id receiving inforin.Etican in a ramn.ci-robrn mrFuat:r. Ft}r t.xat3-zi71e, at any givQix timc; t, ausur is provided a"oss to th~: chamwl for a sh.oxt.
tntrst. 11en, -ICc:Qss s%-itc.txis to another user who is i.~rovidcct Nv'ith a short buist of tini4 for transmitting a.nd.i=ecc:ivirzg iixfbrniat.ic>n. T'Ixo cy=cte of "kAi.rfg t:uzr.is" conEinue's, m3ci eventually ea.ch iise;r is pmvidod with nnu1Ã:ipk ta>ialsrn.ission mxci reception bt;rsis.
~~0511 Code divisiaai. based tcciftiiqiies typicai[v -trwisrnit. dam. over a ritlrnber of frequencies av-ailible at xiy t:inxc; in. a range. In ~c:r~~:a,i.t; c~>it:i .is digitizedat3d. Spre>id over available bzmciwidih, whex=ein ni-aI.4ptu users can tse overlaid on 1i3e.
eixarins;l and refipecti.-vr,: ttfiers cmi b4 assigi}ed a uji.iquc seqctvaco cc}clc-. Us4rs cmi ~iiisiiiit in ifh~:
samo~t"idc:-band clitu3k of sp~ c~cfrf~2, t;i~ereiri c:ach -aser's signal is sproad ova:r tti:,: catirc bandwidth by its respec=tivor.aniqxis 4ha~irt~, ~~17ec~i~~ c~fac} ~r r~~~fc users Ã~iY cc~~~eixffc~~tl~ ~~ac~sr~~ii arac~ ri eeisi .~~~~~~ 4t~~ri~f~
can be aehieved t.i~-ottA spread spc:cfntm digit,4 mc~diilaticn, iviivmin a tss;r s strt.afn of bits is oncrr3dcd mid epmad aet=a;;s a. very wictt. chzmr=iet in a 13se udo=-i:uzdom fashion.Tze receiv4t is designed tti rLcvgt3ize the a:;sociak.-d tai-iictitiD sequence cocit. arid,tindo=the randomization in order to col1eGt tl3c bziz, for :i. ~articidar ii:;or iai a=
eohorent nxanner.
ft3+0061 A tyi:sic-at -~vi:reicss cnrnmuilicaiion network (e.y , anaÃ7lo~ill~;
fr~~qllen= y.
iirzie, wid t=~ode di-visicri tec;;iniques) Wciyuries zeru or iitoi-o (e.g , .ii:z art crd 1~~~~~ new~ork:) base; sttrttions -iliat provide a covc:rage :tm:t ~--md om or more iiiobile (e~ g:. wireless) ton.ninals that can transniif and rec;,i-ve data ia ithfn tfie cm'efagenra::t.
Atypicat basti cÃaiion, can s.im.nltanLousiy t:rari.rnzi:t natzlt:iPtc; datascreams fnr brm-tdcasi, mrdticast.
xi.dr'cr;r tisi:i.c:.ast servzcs;s, AvIiet'e%t~ ~dita a~rezm .is~ a atri,azn of data that i.m be of in~~s~~erz~Gnt r~ cs ~tÃon in~ex~ st ta a inc~~ri~~ t~rri;tri~~. Arnobite-terminal w#t;bi;n. the coverage ima oftiZat base station can be. interostud in receiving one, s3iorc than onL o,' aJl tlie dat.<t. strewns carried by fiic c~,~mposit*: streatn. Likc;Nv=ise, a rt-Ã.Ã.~bil~.~ t:ei=.mi.n~.l -ewY
transmit data to the Wase station or arfotlzer iriobile tcrxnizYa.I. S= c~-i communication Nwftveon base station wid mabile t(:ni'vinaJor beummi mobife u rm7nals can bQ
i:~egr;icir:d &aeto c;kimme). power variations. Adcii.#:ionaI3y, in fixx3piat2Ãied.; orcrca'hoe dopluyms.fkt:s: i=vhcri fii-rsbile tc;nnimds act as reiays for other i~iobite ter;zi:inaIs to ~.~nn:it communication with a scner or base stalion, banrlwid.Ã'li naay be Iimited aiatilort ctsi:tge:sÃ:od ii3 areas ~~ ~iu~z gi~n~at streqzgth is miaim.-:I. RwsoF;rct, allocation can become di,ffictfit, xaecLss.itating-i=esours:e shari.ag in a ii-izuirie.r that is spectrally efficient. Accordingly, a need in the art exists for systems and/or methodologies that facilitate reducing interference and improving throughput in an ad hoc wireless communication environment.
SUMMARY
[0007] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0008] In accordance with various aspects, systems and methods described herein facilitate mitigating a "hidden node" condition that can occur when nodes transmit at different transmit power levels while employing a request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) resource allocation mechanism. The hidden node condition occurs when a node (e.g., an access terminal, an access point, a transmitting node, etc.) begins transmitting because it has sensed that a resource (e.g., a channel, a subcarrier, etc.) is idle, when in fact the resource is being utilized for transmission by another node, thus creating excess interference at a receiving node. According to some aspects, a node may contend for a subcarrier independently by transmitting an RTS on the subcarrier for which the node is contending. Asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request protocols may be utilized to increase reliability and permit aggressive rate prediction.
[0009] According to an aspect, a method of multi-carrier wireless transmission may comprise contending for a set of subcarriers independently of contending for other subcarriers and determining whether a subset of the set of contended subcarriers is available for data transmission, The method may further comprise transmitting a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the set of contended subcarriers, transmitting a preference list of subcarriers, receiving a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for a subset of the set of contended subcarriers, wherein the CTS signal has been transmitted at a known power spectral density (PSD), transmitting a data signal utilizing the subset of contended subcarriers, and/or transmitting the data signal utilizing less than total available bandwidth associated with the subset of contended subcan=iers.
AMENDED SHEET
[00101 According to a another aspect, an apparatus that facilitates multi-carrier wireless transmission may comprise a contending module configured to contend for one or more subcarriers independently of other subcarriers; and a determining module configured to determine whether a subset of the contended subcarriers are available.
The apparatus may further comprise a transmitter that sends a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the one or more contended subcarriers, and a receiver that receives a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for a subset of the one or more contended subcarriers.
Additionally, the transmitter may transmit a data signal utilizing the subset of the one or more contended subearriers.
[0011] According to yet another aspect, an apparatus that facilitates performing multi-carrier wireless transmission may comprise means for contending for a set of subcarriers independently of other subcarriers, and means for determining whether a subset of the contended set of subcan=iers is available for data transmission.
The apparatus may additionally comprise means for transmitting a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the contended set of subcarriers within a portion of available bandwidth, which is less than the total bandwidth utilized for multiple access. The apparatus may further comprise means for receiving a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for the contended set of subcarriers, upon which the means for transmitting may send a data packet over the contended set of subcaniers.
[0012] Still another aspect relates to a machine-readable medium comprising instructions for facilitating multi-carrier wireless transmission, wherein the instructions upon execution cause a machine to contend for a set of subearriers independent of contending for other subcarriers, and to determine whether a subset of the set of contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
100131 Yet another aspect relates to a processor for facilitating multi-carrier wireless transmission, the processor being configured to contend for one or more subcarriers independent of contending for other subcarriers, and to determine whether a subset of the one or more contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
100141 To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more aspects. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various AMENDED SHEET
aspeet~, may bw emptolvec! -mid the desersbed :~spects aroiizt~n&d tca .inchidw all si7elj aspcct4 and their e.q-ui:,va*ient;;.
BRIP;F' UESCRi'P-11L~~~ OF THE DRANVt.:tiiGS
10015j FIG. 1. is an silusmitic,n afanerdhcv, or c.on-unrlzlicatiota C~S'It'L3~k~{1~rE~. in accordance 4L'.i'111 'L'al:iC}u.;; cI5pt7Gts.
1.00161 F-Sfi. 2 is an.ittxistraiic~v c>i'a. methWotog .Ã> tcar coaxtGuriirtg For sAear.ricr4 in a 721ultt-C:l~'3iLr Li'I1~~4~~u CÃ~~1lYt1i333IC~i~I~##3 t'.Xlt'{roS11T1etl#'- in aCCOrd -1nCe 4i>'ith Ã:ir#.QU:B
a5j3 =L'CU.
I04I 71 F I.G. 3 is .u3. iI lustx=,ziiorz of a txxc-tI-ror.ic>Ic~gy th>u ;''ac=i.tiÃanis pF-;r.Fo r.tning a iittiTti-iiop wimI~;~ss in,;.sli nuÃ.iv-ork- niodiutii acccss cs:sntro.E
(NIAC'.) po-toct'I'f.. in anw ~.~r nioiti: aspucts desaribod tic;riin.
WI8] FJ.~;i. 4 is w.1 ill-tis[rafi~.~a of a R'FSoia.d CTS
Nuid-width to faciiitate. inc1c1.,eÃtdent stibe .'~er Ccanteution, in,-act:ordtl#1t,4'wit17 iJ11i f,.~k iitcsri asNcts, tÃltllgj FIG. 5 is ati a.ilsxstm- ti:aix of a niefficxl<.~iq&v foi= i-ndc;pender3i.lrr cant4.yading i'cir subc~arriers in a 3Yiruless r-nesh ne1Lvork to.facil itate medicarn access collErol_ in a.ccorctuco viiCh va7'loti5 a5puCt5.
IN201 FIG. 6 ill135$r5tti:>S ~me-tbodC3lC3',W,.ti for imp3Y?L''id3.;; spatial rk;ilfit, ky tztilizincr a CTS as, a pilot f:ar ait opert lcse.>p citan.iir:l g,-tirz esximatc, in acccsrdmice wiffivwx.i,~aS
a5pc;ct.s.
[0tt211 FT G. 7 is mi illaistr,xti~ii of a rnethodotagy for s~lect#n~
vpropriatc P-SD
aixd tr as:tsr.rs.iss.ion pavvur }tvels i:ti i3-sitigatv vvherx l.ransnxiÃ:tirtg txver SISbCat'~'.tw=nS f.o2' 1v.hIc-I't mi.i:lther iii7Ã3L has 1Yv[.~n i:,C1x1ti::tktit3n, ua accordance bvi:th soixiG
i5pe.C(S, fOil221 FIG. 9 fitiigtr3#es a methodolt~gy, for ueitizi~~~ a mtylti--valried CTS to fuiA~~~~ pen~~tfing.a.tiVdc to Lran.,~t~m.14. o-vGi#'w4suG7carrier diat LiaA
been g mtel1 to ~mother nc.~de witiiout intc;rli;rinW zvYth the ot.~~er no(ic;Y in aecUrdu}cc with ~.~fae or i;aotL a~pms.
100231 FI:G. 9 is mi ilItisCaatioii of an acomF teniiiiial tlial. fi, ciliCatc-s mcditmi access Lalzi:rol in ain-tal#:iIioP wireless zxtes.h neuvc.~rk, in accordance ~x-i#:h. one vz-mrar~=
-ispLc;ts.
I(H}24J FIC-1 . I.tl is i-n illustration f3f aSy-Veva that fb.CiliYzat.i5 ~3djt7sÃ'ing- ta2nsmit pbw-wr to permit Yr~~~~~nissia~a. rs-vvr a stiiycarrier that l3a5 bw~~) -wo7s by -azoÃher contending Ãiode, withoÃtt Ãriterft rin~ ~~~ittk ttie wxfm.ir.i<m ii.ade, in ac cordancc;
Vv.ii;[x oilc O.Ã= Ãnoz-e :csPect,.
1000 ~.a1 Ft:Cr. 11 is an iIi.ÃzstratiEaÃi. of a wireless ne;twc?rk- en-virE>nment that caii be cÃtiplc.~yod in c~~Ãjjtxilct~on with the various syitmus an~.~ 7u:fhod.s dmrii.~r:~.-l .i7c-rciii.
100261 'FTG. l.2 is azl illu5trationafaaa appnraws INI;t. fiaciiitaws ~crfomiÃng a mul.fin1.~p wireless Ãmsh nemorkmLd.ium ac;cQss control (iMAC) P.rotocol, in ac:cord.mcc wi.i-Ja oneor nxareca.spÃ;cis dcscribcd herc;in.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
104w71 Nrxious aspects are .amv descrrbed with.refL.cuncG ~Io -ttIi=
clr:Ãvtyng.s.:, wherciÃl iÃ~;.4 reft;rcucc mimcra.is 2re t[sed to to liko elcnwrits throughom.
'iÃa t13i=
following zCm,.riptiÃsEi, .tor pmposvs of cXpLarla#ion, lizxmerctis sgecific dctails am sQ-t #:c~.~~ ix~ c~~i~:=Ã= to ~~=as's~L ~ tEzc~Ã'~.~Ãx~~Ã u~Ãe~cr~t3Ã~c~.i~z~
a,~'~#Ã~; 4r ##~c~r~:= ~~x:~;ts. ~:~. #Ã~~.;~~ ~e ovid4nt, liovGvw'=r, tliiu sci.el3 a,Spoel:(s) may b~ praot.iced vvithoctt these sp mi~'io details. In otlac-r iÃislw.~ncost tvOl-talow-A3 dkvic4s are shmim in block- diagram fomi in order to fa,cilitato desc~l-xia:ig oiic or n-tow asperts.
10028j As Eisetl in this appi.ic:atrton, the terms "~c~.ml~an~=r~t."
"s~:~i4~,,' and tho fikc are iix#'el}clerl to rcf4'r to a computer-related 01.ltity, either hn;~.-iNv;Ãrw, soffivaro, sc~&VIrc: in c:Ncscution, l:irnlwarc, :Fni.d.rllc t~~~re; microcode, ~arscir'orany combination Ãkiereoi= For ex::tinpIr;, a comp~.~neut Ãmay be, btzt is r.tot linaitiod to b:,iqg, a pr(.ic.ess n.7luling oÃl a.processor. a lsmvcessor an oli~Ã:.ct, m c-x.ocat~~lc, a thruad of e-xxcution, a progt:mi: and/or a computer. OnL rar more coÃ-npcncnts ~~iaNi rrsiclc:
witiiiai a proccss ~i-icl,'or-t3xread ofw\e.cut:i.an and .à component ~i-iaN~ be localized (>11 one computer aÃidlor distributed betAveeià mra or rzaQw computers. Also, tliese compc.~llents can u-swcute .ÃraÃti.
v<Ã.ri4aÃs computer readable t-ncdi;z ha-v:irig ;=arious c$aYztstmctures stor~x-l tlxe:reo:a. '3.'bÃ;
ccsmpanef3.m cvn-iir-tinicat~ byi~~~az= of local nndsor rLt-notL processes srich as in uccorcimÃcc with a signal ba-vicÃg oi,*e or Ãiiore. daa p-a.cket~ (e. g:, dato t:rraÃiq cÃie Compt.~nt,'.lit itttGr:t~.~fi#3g 1A-Ill another cortl~.~otiez7t in a loc~ sy-steal, d.istribtaYe-d. SystPna, mÃd/'or. acrm a nctt~orl4. stich axN Ãhe inlc;rrÃQ1. svitll Wier sti~sumi by Iv:Ãy zÃftlio sigml).
Addi3:iEonal1y, componerzts of sysl:eans described herein imrv bc re:zrr~~~ged ancir'Ã~.r compli:eneraf~.*c~ bv ad.clitic.~nal s:oiqp~.~Ãxents in ordUr-Co fiaciiitatc ac-Izievin~ ~fllL ~Wious aspects, gwals, advantages, eÃ'o., described witla rig-ud il}into, <Ãrfd are nat lin3il.ed to tt~.~a PrecÃsc; configurations sct.fortl}. ina gz-vou figEÃru, is will be approciaÃWd by ozii.~ skilled in the art, W291 Fw-dlomlom, za'soms asilects are described li.erazti in. cozl:ne~.~kion v-vftlt.:Ã
st3bs4riher station. A subst::rebor stadon ca.tt :tlso bL catisrrà a syste.m, astxbscr,ibt=r tmit, mobilt: :;tatictrt, inctbils;. .re;tttcYtc; c;tatiott, i-eÃi-io-te =t'rnl.inat, access tern.inat, u:}er wtmitxal., usr:r Ãtgk33t, a user do*v1.Gc, or user c;quipnxr;ttt. A stÃbscribe:r sl;ttii3n r:Ãla;", bc, a coi}iyia:r MCP11otic, a c:vr.clii:ss tc#41a1~c~.F~.c, a Sti.SSio2l =Iil.i~ia$IC}E!
PSY7toC6l {SIP} pho#IL:, a vvirÃ;1oss 1oca.l loop {AVLla} sl;z.tioxx, a p~rsorzÃxt digital assistant (P1:3A). 4Ã
ha.ndbeIci t1ovicc ha-vin~
Avi.re-lÃ:=ss cozmt=rc=tims c:apability, or other processing &vi.ct:
cnnt3eeterl to a. wirel.css Ãtiarlein..
IW301 'NtaÃi,>ove=z-, vair:'totts aspeas vr:f=Ã;atutvs described hc:mi.n m:xy.
bo itmlalementeti as ametbt3d, appar>txus, or az-tictu of .maclttfaclute tt4ing stamdard p-ragrratriminEt and.'c.~r= ctigiriv~~r-ing #cahniclzt;:s. 'I"lie tc-t-iii "artic=i~.= of mantrfacture" as Ã;secl lic:mira is intortcletl to i;ncoml.~ass a comptttc-r ptogt:Ã~i acc=4ssii~rl4 froni atrv c:oÃtipÃiter t~-adal>lÃ; devi4x, caz=Ã=i~.Ã=, or Ãkaedia. 'Fcsr eZam:ple, coza~putet-.roadnlale Ãitecli.a cau i.iiclude:
btit are i-iot limited to Ãtuqpwtio sÃo.~go tie-vicr;.s (e.g. ; liaÃ=d diskt -1'lÃ.~ppy- iiisk-, rnagne-lif, stripe...}, optical disks (e.g.Y compact disk (CD), digital -versatik~ disk {DV:1::3)...3, smart cani.s, 'and fl:t.sli nxe:nxo1-31 devices #e.g, card, stick, kez-- driv-e...?.
Ad:dilimal.ly; variotts storkgt; modia de=scr-il=aedhc:roYn c:tn. t-ipre:u,nt onc: or vior=t:
clÃ:viccs and/at= othÃ,>r macl-kinÃ;-rea'~E. dc'3blcs :F13S:d:lI1. for stol'inS. iklfo.t'.El3c'WC311. Tlae tem metlim-11" c-aai inc~1t{ele. wÃtliotii. h~irts~ .li:rl~i.tr~d lo. ~~:ir~.twss clumnt;ls mcl wi.rious rst~er7tteclia. capable of !wriag, ccttztaatiirqg, .Md/or carrying i.nsiructiozl(s) xaclrfor data. t.t will be a1.~prmiatietl that the -wo.r'd "exc:rÃiplaay" is used ltÃ;rLiii to iite;aEt "sem in, as an oxaz;~plÃ;, instai3er., or illustration.'' Atxv a.sper;:t or dLsigp describLd be#'eili as "Lxe7T2}3l~31y?5 is not nvccssail-v to bu mmAnFS.'d as pt'~fe1'Ci:tl or advaY!'14i?o<3tls over ofl1t'.Y a5pLCt: or dCBi-txs.
100311 Fi.g. .I. is act illustz:tticsil of an mi hoc. or c~iesla, Avirulcss ctr;ttÃtt.mic~.~kittxt 'L''Il'L'1rof't~'f3i:>l"Et 100.:ltl accL31'd;;i12Ci'., witt31a:riola4 aspects.
sysÃen?. 10t1 C-M cctmp:rise cano or t3iarz aecess points '102 in one ot-itlclm sectors r7:sat re.oei-vc:<, #:ransrnit,re~oa#: c>r.c=., Nvinoioss coÃxzÃt~Ã3s~ic~iiu~a.:signals to 0,1c11 otlxc;r Ãt~ka%{31' to {)Tlc or 1.11o,4'i'. access tvyf.tl.i~3'als 1134, 106, 105:. Each acÃ:e.ss llcaitit 102 um c~.~Ãqprisc: a transiviine.r' olta.in mtd a r~.ct:.i-v-cr c-It;Ãin.. eac1i of NX--hicAl can itl turn coitaprisQ a lAhmalitv of compon.4yits asst:,ciatcd with siLnial i.r,-tzts>Etxi.ssioa mtcl reception (e'.g: ~ praces.sovs, nlfxi.r.ilakcars; :n-nFltaiPleaers::
dolti{?Clillmt?m C~C=Y33Y11~I~1Iv2~i=#S, 1I1$[',:IlEl-as; G'te.)_ as -vviIl lleapllreciaic:ii b-v olti: skilled ill the ar't. Accwss tom:ir3als 1 f14, 1.06, 1 f38:ma.ti~ bw:, for o x3ple.
c:o.llWarphonesa s~~art ptlones, i-ap1opsY Izantlhold ccsrnttr.tm:ica#iost divicc;s, haradtiÃ.>7d.
computing devicc:s, salellite radios. global ~,7t?Sitiolzi.Ilg, Systi:rals, PDAs, ztld/or av~v oilaer sai13ia1.o device for S
commxrtxicathig aver wxrcfess zketwc.-~r~. 10(). Sv-steni 100 cttta be artnp~oyed Yl3 cw~jufzs:.t:son Wit3~ ~~arious aspects desc:ribed lxe-rc in in orcTer facilitate taruvidi.~~,q sc,dabI~.
rc;4oui=r=c rs u:~c= in a -wircteks communication envircanment_ as sCI forti3 with regard to sttbsr:ciuon:t.fiwu:t'es.
(Ã1032[ Temminals 104, 106. 1W ~arc typically disXat:rs-od fl3E'Qt'tghilut the Systom, and ~=G=h ts:rnkinai i-wky be fixed ur nrahile, A term.ina:l n-iaN' alst) hQ
C'a.tled a n'kabil'o sta:ti jz, ix;;ez-uquipment:, a 13st.r CIt=v ice; or sn1iie O'kI'le=rtt'.mlmAt)i,,,Y~'. MGr7T1i117l.t1u3vi7t, a i-vireIess ~evic.e_ a cefluiar-phone. a persoiiai ciigi-kià assist:tiit (PDA)~
a Nifircie-qs niodem ca.rti, and so osi. E<seti tonnir-xal 104 may ct>mmtinicaÃo e3=i#li zwro, one, or.mYil.t:iple access points on the 4au'nJ.ink aixd uptznk. at:.~~~ ~ivvn moment. ~~e doiv.nYi.nk (or ~ormi- ard I}.t)k) rGfQt's to -tl3.G C~12?I31t1~3~~~~I(311 III3-k f1Q:E1I the r,~'~Cfi.=i:ss points to iI1v ftrinina#s, and tlie txpiixik (or roveEsc: link) ra4s to t6c: cc+mmunica.l:ian fstilà troin flle t:c:rrninals -ta fI}o ~e~ess ~c~:i~tts. ~,it:i~c~x~~l~. ~~~~: itzi~c~~~al.i~nt ~~~~.~;= ~U
e>z~a~ic~i~e~ ~s.irt~ se~~rate .(o~~=~=:t~=~ a.~3c~
t4vei=se links, it mav also ~~ifiiize a si~iLyie set ot'tinks ibr cvn.amutiication ~.zetween a~:=ooss tc:minals and/or accoss peints.
1003-31 Fo.r a distribuied a:rcizitr.ctzuu; access poz;xts .102 mix>
c4inmunzcate vvitia onL anc>tho=r;ts neuded, Data tmns-mi;;sion oia the fonvard fir~k occurs .t:m i one access Point to oile aoccsss tetmhual at or ~icar tlii: mnximum. dnta. raie ihat can be st~pi3orYed by the fbmard tink. anÃi/oa' Lbi:= G43kTiktlut33catio=1:t sy,tern. Additional channels of ihe,fionr-ard liak {ag, ct7iIti'C3l chailtIel} may. be ti'c'4.t=ksTll,ttted 'frf9iT.i 1T.t[Elf:i.plC: ~~tmGss poiats to one terÃnitud. Reverse link data. commurtication occcir #:'rol;i Qns:. 41ccz=ss tern3hialto one or naare access poitiYs.
101341 Accoi-diixg to other aspects, the ad bov ae.m. ork. i-n ay. bo arnÃaiti-hoP acl :1cv 1k~.t\=i=C~~'~:, i'~~~3t::~'~'.,En ~t=t=! ~t4:.CG.SS Tt.~'Ai'~ii3aI. 108 t#til.t:~2L='S ~.f.t4t~2'~' ~ECCC SS '~~ ~'#i~iÃ.31~ 106 as a re1ay to an access point 102. For htstance_ access Ãe:rmincll I OIR may dCtEi'[lli:pe'Cl3aÃ:it tl.bi=s .ilC3t YtaT=c suff'icic;a3f signal strength to transzni t to aoc.css points .1 02, brtt tlint access temiinal 1.06 does I:aa.vc: suffic:ic.ix G si~?~ud str4t%,ttz. In suoh n.
easL, aocoss #orminad 108 ma,- route W-ve'fse IiS3k communication through c'{,.Gt:.C'.4's tc;rt-nitia.l Ã06 to o3-ie= or naUre access points 102. 'Ilius, access temninal =t 0ta may, act as an a.cce'ss poiiit for ace4ss It:rn.-li.naI .1Ã i8.
10(}31-51 Rs;fz.rrin,k to Figs. 2-8, methodQICSgdc ,s relating 'txS
prCJl;'idiIIg 3.3i:;~ii;xty access con#:rot in a mulii-1101s mesh aem-ork axn fflustrated. For exa3k'Eoli',. IT)i'f.llt?doJt3gies cati re.tate to prov-:iciing iaiwdiiiin access control in a- nizxtii-hoXs me's;h lxelwor.k ixl an FDMA eavdvowa~~.~nt, mi OFDMA a ~.:'DMA i'.,'T.t'vE.2'of.IXtl"mt., a.UTDMA
environmwat, -a TDNIA eitvit~~~ixul, m S:DNI:A we-irQtiinent or aiky other auitalAe Yvtretcss vYxvironx7nent_ L-N- fxtle:, :Ãnr Puxprsses uf sirtt.Plictty of exptwafios-L s;ixc medxodc>log.ios ,trc; :thow. tx a3t.d dc's~;=ri.laed as a sc-rie=s of a~:~ts, it is to be -ttnderstoad aitd apÃarr,.cialr;ci that tlic = ncit'tÃmÃioc~ by the order of ac-tc, as s;7tnc; ,-wts mai>. in otz4 or imor, aspects. occtir ir:t different otxl;:=t~ and/or conctt.rmui:~~~ Nvith other a~:=ts frotxt that 4lxovvu and dese=rrbe-d hLre.i.n. For ea..tmpic., lha.,w skiIi.wci in ÃIxc: art.-vvill understand and aÃa13re.ciat~:=
i:hai:,t..ntahodct.hogy c-oix.ld alk-rnaiiveic>
be represented as a seties of iÃiterrelate.d states or evUtits, such as in a state diaggra7n.
~~i~r~~34~;r', .i3c~t rt3t .i1lttSt.rate~ acts may be ruqtr.iEr~dtxt.imP.tunxLn.Ã: ,t. me:thod.c~logy in.
:iccrard,ansretiviÃh ctne. or mcam a4pwis.
100.36J Fig. 2 is zui illustration of a ms:tliod.olc:~gy 200 1ot- conÃimdii~~
for sLtbcac't'i,,t-s in a mlti-carrict' zi it't l, ss ct~inninst'tcal~ctn cll~t~roi~rn: ~~, in accordance with ~>a~ic~~s ~s~a;~cts. ~rzd;,~~ ;~~a~t; r~,sc~i,x.rc~= assi~;rtxxien~
sc~~~:xx~~s, ~. c~:rt~raà ~~Ã~tto~:~~, sue.~t ~
a se,~tor c;ratttrolio.r' or die like, tnav provid~.~ i-ospct.rct:
sss.iupitneials to ctset= devices.
'+f ~:~~ct 2:~)~3, ~tt the other hand, relates to tesottrc4 ck}t~~: t~#iÃ~it b~;~v~Ke 3~ nod;:~s, such a s :~c c.~ess ~.ennxinals, so ~~.t th~~ access ~:mzinals nta~ not req~.~;st resource ossirfi:n.~;i:-Ãti.
Rather, torni3tz;-Is may t;oiii:eiid anian.,_~ theinselo'es for available resources (>:=:_&, f',eqt.tertcies, channels, subcat-riurs, tot:is;s, e/c.. At '2102, a nodo tnky contend:t~ra subcarrier indepertdenAly of other sEtbcs.me.r5. For irtstaatce. Nxvhen av-aiÃ:tbde battdwidth Ãii*a>> bc clividwd iszto aepaxa- t~, a.ttd d.isÃittc# srabc:.arriers, a rcqmst-tu-soÃtd (RTS}/:c#oaiYw-.
aetad (C-TS) protocol may be ext3ctrEs.d for each s.t~bc;arrzet-ict:dc:p;:ndcatlv. An ac='=--ss tcniiiÃia[ t3iav transmit ait. RTS sigma{ over a sÃ;t of subearriers_ :tnd nuay dr Ãe-rtnÃtt.e.
-whether a subset of the contended su bcaxziers is available far use, drinxtg a subsequent tra#:tstrzissioi;t, at 204. The. d.eÃex=mir.tatiran. of sftbcw=ÃiLr availabiXivvznar be buud on,.#~.~.r ins[iine~s;:. CTS signsls rec-oix ed over aIl. or a s.ubset. oft~le Ccst~Tei~c~~~! wu~r<~rzaei s. 11-tiss the acce.ss torrsiinal i~ay- not st.ibn:iit a requc:st _far a p.redc:tcrrntitte;d ti3fi33be;i= of subm.rr-iers W.td. ti'Vait tct rucc:i~~e -a stibe=at-z=ae.t= usMwzxc~xa:L but t.atlacz= w..
~v submit an KI'~ ov~r oach specific sEibca:rrie:r over Nvhich fti4, terinii~~ ~~ould likc t~.~
lraiisitit.
1003 t1 figgy. 3 is an iltttstration of a mahodoloigy, 300 tlaaÃ. fileiiitatcs pctfom;ffigg .t. multi-hop wirelcss anze.st~ ac-Ãwork modium access control (Ã4f.f~~ ) pratve;aX.: in ;tccQrdwicc wttli ottc or nlUrc; aspects described laere#ii. At 302, a particular subc:irrier itiay be contwnctcd for independently of costtert~imi :t'or any At :+04: <1 tuqt.tc:qt inwy- bo trarxstniteed that indicates a desire to erwtsmit a daut p=k:it o-vor the caxitws;dt:d subcarrier (e.;. , atx RTS) ;vidiict a portion a.f'acraflable.
~~~vvidth -Ã1-iaà is usod 1.0 for multzpIe.-access, Poztiatt of vailable bandvvidt.h may be soziie laortlc.~zt lcss t#zau :M avai!i.ta'i~~ bwxclNvidth usod for multiple access in a wireless Gomaxun.icatir~~
ea+>.izcazxmo.rxt in wlaicI3 method 300 is cnrjxlczyLd. Upors recc ipi: of agnarzt a C:TS
signal or soine otlior fom-i of approval) of the contcz3&4 sctbcarrÃc:r at 3W
ffte zn3~lboct tt.tay.~ pr=od tc.~ 308, ,y0i4r~ ~dx data. paklza in-ay Lv tn, rYsmitted <Yvor du; Cenlunded subc;zrr.ier(4).
[f~~~~ NV:ifikt regard to a multi-hop i-vim-loss mesh nc;uvztrk.n-iediw-n access oanerr+l, approaches niaNf inctz.zde carrier sezise a-vo#tli]7ce (CSMA/C A), rtnd x~ qn.ust-tct~s~~xc3.'cl~ ar ~c~ ~ t~~i (R:1'S:CTS). CSN-:A/C,.rA. is.z.protocol .f c.tr c:~a~-ri.ex t,r:czt.znirssion i.n. 802A .1 nLhvc3rla.s. For irtstwcc~.
-vvhen a user det=.lc(; has' tl;stc-t to sencl, ihi~ tzse.r d4vicu~ sonses'thk cltmzzz.el to sce if it is idÃ~:~, 1f'thv ctz:ztanel is icTlc, thQÃa thez.tset= tÃs; vicc tranattxits filzQ data, otlzonvis~; tl7c tssor backs off '1'.or at-xztlont po'riod of tinac; laefo:ae it sc:zaso-S llae chaltr.zt;l agg"aitz. I:tz a. ztx~:=s'.11, ttel.rtio:ck ezt4 ~r~aÃtzn~ zti: ~N1YC:xc all users mav not bo. able to commtsztica-C~.~ w-ith eaGit ctF1Yor, CaMAIC.l leads to a"ltltWt ztode'>
problein ~Nvlt.erw a tÃskr may \-c:t3sw ttie idle and staÃt. cendi.ng data, creating wadesirabiy, hi.gla ini:e.r.Yerenca~~ at ane:rby rc;c.,tti.ia~ iiodi= (e.>.g .
whetx tlt.t? user could zaot l:sea.r the tnuismitting no~.~=}.
IfM391 The R:f'a/1:'TS protocol mitigates the hitldwtz node problt;iii. For instanct.
wlictt~ a Fzser device; it.a'. ttala to send, tbe user device ina3s sevd. an RTS si~Qnal to the ret'~L=Ivi;-JE:, :3.n~ the mGCdY'C'.T SGi3.ds a CT'S shpt;zl to tlte IntttsztxitCoz' w.id all stzrz'ounciirzg 1"tTS or ta C:TS,'theza. the node doc;s tiot i7se; ti3L eh-annel ftir a spccifierl pL ziod of Y#ai-te, :zz1d refa;zin.s from z;~ndinw RTS., CTS or dat.~. RTSICTS eliminates t13.~.~
birlden xicatlo prob.Iem wktett. all -user dc~v.-ze,;:~s 13avo tlie swat~.~ ~-.~YSt-ni.t powe.~s- bz:a znay c.re4Ytc.-;ut "expos~d zic.~de, issue where some user tiet. ic4s do t:zot t.~.~zjis7nit evzlx 11'10aR~h tlxev NN.-ozz.lci not collide wittz, nny other user devices. Moreov,,r, the 13i~deii i3orle prctbTez-n returns to R"iSlCIS iv1icrt ntzdes ltave cliffieroxzE truisrta.it potve.rs.
~00401 A tnYtlli_pte acf;ti:'ss aCltezztc.~ divides tlzc av-;z:ilttl_~le t3atYdwidtl3 up iztto szrbcarri4rs. Available bandwidth is th~.~ b~idvvid-dt, that 7nar- bc xitilized ky. a user c~~ ~~icc for data t~zt~~~~~siozt_ RTSr'CTS is ent.~loy,~ d azt each subcarries.r, <uzcl user de vicc:s coatteaid izttielji:MClz.cttly oit each suliarric;r. Aii asynchronous hybrid arztc.~sztn:tic z=i:lae:tt z=eq~zest protoeoi is utilized fioradcled re.lial..ailit~vartd to fznprovoanda;1lox3r for more a s~,s~rc e ratc prediction. Additiolzall~ , equal trartsniyÃ: Pi-a~t~~-t;r sp~;ctr~'~t rle~tsrÃx.- (PSD) po~c=ur control xztw. l.~e -cztilizt:d to allow for drff:eretzk traxzsrazi~.'~~~e~s. For irzstwzca~" xtser l. ~.
devices with gÃ~eater'trarzszrztt. Pcs~.~Ier cx; a.chxev'e WO, xeÃ- peak,.ndes ky ttfilizing ixxore baixdtv:idth, while user fio-v.ices Nriib 1i~4ser tm. asmit poxver tx.titize.1ess b.mdwid.th bti# still ac~ie,vo #iie. eqttat PSD.
10041J Dividing the spccumn iÃato tnÃ.titapiK: stÃbeaxriers lx.;ts ~:'vi:ra1 i-Wvan1.~g~:=s.
Fi:rst, it allows f'eÃ= s.va.tiistiG~".A of load. Secorxd, user d4x=ic"
coi}tetxd. fo't- an anxaun-i of Uatxdwici'th needed basud on11xeir btt1=f.=4r sizi, aiid. rate predic6fxn:t.licx-tvs for Ãnom efficient {tsis of the bmdivid#h. The Ãx~~tl.~-t arà i~ à s also ;3rot-.ide for izstc.rfbrmwe.
aÃxd. spatial Ã.Ãsage =c.=aÃi:tticxns_ 10421 IRTS/CT'S may be iml7l.:.meÃxw. d on e:x.ch s'ttbca.rricar using usxe:
or more of a vuriety fa:i'appronctxcs. Okxe. approach involves cfxnfendY_ng Ãndep:=?nd~.~rt'tiv on e:tch st.tUc..~trd,:=r xÃii to send tlxe TUS.' and CTS ovur the mtire stxbcirrim A
secanci. approa.cix Es to contc;Ãxd jointly across stxbcarriers a.net then encode~ f1xs; data packet aca-iss the aÃ.acoes sfully achiewd sctbcarric;Ãs. Wlxen across subeaz=rje'Ã.s, a transmitteÃ- rtxay. send a !-bÃt RTS on -atl saCth4 desired sa,bc~'riers a:nf-I 'ctrÃiize tl3e subaet of subcarriers eii which it receives aC7'S siVxal. Aftcmmiti=e1F 'tiie transmitter may iEtxd.icatL apr%f.e.n;ixcto list of subca.rgters.
100431 A;;yt=tdhr.caÃxaus hy-brzd automatic rs;i7ca.t rzqtÃe.st: (Async ]IN[2Q) is ttulizcd for Ãrroro, <-Vgrossivem io paed.if*t.ioÃk. In asymcimucxtzs ~ARQ, itxe f..Ã~Ã~smift.t:r swnds a.
patwket a.txd lfxoks fbr.w ic.icrÃe.~w-ledget3:te:Ãxt that the packet w:ts successfully seÃx.C. :ff tlle ACK is zxol ret;.eived, thezr tlto xÃsordev.it;e schedules aixd st:,txd.s zt s#:scond packet, Nvhif;h consists of Ãncrentertta.tly reduxxdaÃxt Ãnf-vm:tiFon to assist v,cfth deotdtng the first pa&e-c ilxe ixscrLmertUly wdnndant inforauatioxi may prmv~idc bottor pxrforxxiaixc~;
than a simple ro;x,tiition cnde, --ov'13~ch would be aohi.emyod byttxst Ã=i.~im szlxiltiY:-g 1Ixc daut.. .111 a~ c t~~~t~oxtaiÃs .~nt:~~ ~ t eti rc.traxxs.ixxis~i~xx sttb-~ac~e~ ts 4c~~t.f~~11~'d. Sow:tclt. sx.tb-packet contends assixÃs~ RTS/CTS.
fP044I Vig. 4 is an iilustimtio73 of a..,}xc;t'llodolc,~, 400 for restr.it;tinLYRTS md CTS b-ant~Nvidfil'i '~o fite:it.itafe ÃÃ.Ãdcpeaderzt sctb~~er cmtezxtion, in accoÃ=d,.~tnce -wztx 0z1e or rtxc.~Ã=e :tspecis. For instanco, eqm-tt transmit power spectral density (.~SD) po=wer colxtro3 may be ttt1l.izod in cm~gt7icbon wit33 the various aspocts descrÃbed hct=c:iix. *kor RTS/CTS 'Ão nx.i'tiggalf; 'ttic hidden .Ãx~.~tie'pÃob1.eÃx-Ã., caf<Ix a trÃxzs.rna'ktztxLT nodonx,~y be made :ible to hear a C:T-S 'fronx nodes wit~~ AvlÃicJÃ i'es'~~tstxtiss~f~Ãts itxtet=l:i;re_ This'stxay be n.eTxiox:ed byst:lecting a. nioximitx-ix tmtzsÃ-ix.it Xsr~w. e:t= speclmdS
density -foÃ= ilxi.~ nehy.o&'. 'ft4 RTS. C7=S, and claCa. may be transmitted at. this PSD fxveÃ= adefiired.
sttbcarÃ-ier. Moro specififlxe sLvxz,-,x1 may be tmixsÃrÃitted at a known P:PSD< whi.ctx'zÃx~.~c~
txf; tht:
1.2 Ã~~i-xÃwrÃm PSD,, mL.'r t,t Sb3bs-et of'.f(li: siib'w',S=t.t=z=iet= budwi.dth to allow :i'or alloodes oi'a suhcarri.ers span I MI:17- of batxdwidth, -Ãi-ie RTS mri CTS may bG
transmitied over I UIx of Nmcivvvid:th, aIT.oNvin{x for zx "0 dB 4t'natitic i-,:m,_gc: in sttp pcarEc dtraw,,mit. paU---ors_ Dma mat he; sc:nt at or tx-lc,~rv tiio In.r~Nv.Ã)PSD. 'T'iiats, ttÃc hidden node canditio~i may i.3c 10+0*51 According t:o, the nnethod: at: 402: em RTI;e'C'T'S t4chnique ma-v ix;
.iait.zaleci in caniuÃlcfi~ti vvifh ~~ wynelzranous t-TNRQ protocol. RTS aÃad CTS hmizi.-vvidth may be rwstricÃ.ed to -a#ilize less than theffilliiaLa suhc,amcr iyatiÃiwi.dth, azici Ãranstaizt.-te.d at a kncs-~.vn PSO. ;Y>Iiic;h. may fie a mmi.azttna PSf.3 e:hat: ancxie will ciiilizu for ciat.F.
tmlsmissioll_, Ovut= t~le rcslricti~W band-vc-idth, whi.le ltie dat-a ntkv bo tmisÃ3~iffed a-vc;r tlio over gmated subcaxrierM using all available baÃxdwÃdth and at -Ãh~.~ 1*aamva PSD.
Act;ordiÃtf,õ -to afliet aspoas, sttbcarrier bwad8viddi f~.~r the RTSUad t'.TS
tni,;Itr ho rwst.ricwd, and the R'T'S and C:TS mav N umnsmitted af thei,.riOmVn PSD
cA.>c:r-0hc:
restricted beand-width, while tli~: data is trasisfni.ÃÃc.d over dxe subcas=Ã=ie} a9: less -thm. the niax,iÃiitÃrn, or iEnuvvn. PSD bz3sed on rate prcdictioti. This. .Ãsp;:ct atso aitc3vvs ftsr a nodo wiCTi "t.nznNitilltÃn i:ÃaÃisrn:itPowe:r e~,~txstt=aiaY to tsttili,7ethe wtire'~~~~~N.ddYh e~~zn if the 13C)dL' does nt3t lIi3:-ve stkff3.c1t;:nt 130t1e.t' to tf"Fi~. i)si2i#.t zit thi: knov~,sà PSt3 overthi; entire -w-hilz: RTS/{.".TS si~,,,nWs ar~. ", -isiiÃittcd ovc.r ~~ optimized partion, Uf:ax=ail:ibli~
hasiriividt;h t.ondfiggate winecessa:n- hand~.~~iÃtth eoÃ-is-Lini.ptaon ind to red-tace inte:rfere~Ãi:ce.
[Ã30461 Tig. 5 is an iiitisfmtio:n. rsfa ii-iothode3l" -, 5043 fiar izicispc>Ã-identh-f contendzq,, for suhcarz'i.eÃ~s in a ti-vixeiegsmesh -network ccxn#:i-oI, in accordance r4ith various aspÃ;cts. At 502,,u Ii.~~>,~'SY/CT>.T
prot{3cC?l w1-Gh -l3t'Ot1c11i8HARQ! may be iiiifinted to p;",niiit BttbCat't'ict' conlEniion between nodes in ~t ~i~i~el~;ss s~;t=i~ic~: :~r~;~.. ~~.t ~~~~, ~~a~ ~'~~S st~c~ss~~.~.
t~~~;cb~: set~t ~az~er ~. ~~ si~=i~~;;~ ~~.~xfx~.~~a of avaabie banc~mi-iddi* a~ a PSD ffi~.~r is -tlie smne as a kakcwÃi PSD xÃsed tuÃ= sendi~x6r daUt Uansmissions, -mad zshich ma~: be lv-,s than fh4kno-wm PSD. cshielt may facilil;~te reducing unneces.s Ãry Addifiomfflw', t:he. Imv-er PS;O -Ãt}ayf.:icil"ataÃ~.
mciuc:ing an. ex pmeci tÃode iondiliojz, in t~ic cwse csf'1;.TS. because sending fhe.RTSi1 the IoNier PSD Wis the ofi~'~:.cC o-f aotif,~ting oiaiy those CIt:1f1~E.<s that.13iay actually c;x-perience 1Y1t{;;1'ffSi1371Ce dt1Y3.i3g data, t:[~[I3sk1'#1ss157i1. At y06, a C't'S
sLglla1, Whkh has i,t;on YtmnsÃiii.ÃC.Ld at the kwow.Ei 1?SD, may. be maeived tc.i c.ii*sÃxz=e ftzat.Th.e coati:rxd4Ãg iacdes heardÃc C-TS.
FOr exunple, atI jc:.cess terialitt:tà may cliQosu to -itse mon batad,~.viclffi than t~ie. access terrninal calx suppc~~t at'iiic. inaxirtauni PSD for a miznber of reasoxis., surtx ;~s -wheti ttz~.
access -Ãs:.rnxixtaI lirt.s s.t',tfficieni data to fill tbc; banc~.~viddi, %~he..a the ttscr dm~ ict Sc,rise-s the Gham3e7. idle for purtod of tynx;;,, or oliz:;r h4ttrEstÃcs.
100471 St;.ver.a.~ was'iatiotis cwi. bo appli, d to 'U'S/C'T.'S ~:at= hc;Ãlcr spalial tLttsc, ia lacro mom nodes atv tzansmittrtng :at ttxu same time ial a speci.raily O:Ffcic:nt: Wheix ikto ~~,SG.line~ version of RTS:CTS t4 wsett :~i exPost=d node condition may coccxtr s~.'bGrc:itx sortie u.st;rs im prohibited trom -YratistniÃtimy, L-ven thou~;h theirtra:ttstxtissi.ott wc7uld -iiot cause siguifficõtnt tnYe.r.i=ere;nce~t) the R'T S/G'i" : rr,as.=ms;d -wan.srnissian. Moreove.r., RTSlC'T'S protocols m.ty, attempt to at;Ixieve a where- -i1xe inlerfete~~ce power at the rec6v-cr is 111,11ch Ie~q, diatl t#rle thcrtnal 110}se gnz~~~:.r.
100:181 Fig. 6 illustmaesa. t3-iothoda~~gy 6Ã30 for iiz3pm-tring spatial r-ottsc: by utifizi~g a C'I'S sigtiai as a pilot .i4r.-,m opetx loop a4~wuxl gl:izl tvstit=ttn.-tte, ira accokl;a.twe w-ithi:trioYts aspects. For fnstwYce, a1602, an RTS/C.TS pratocol titsÃitg aaynchuonat:ts 11,kR.t? i4vhniques maybL initiated to pe:n.nit sltb;w.arri.er coti-tcti:tioji bs;Ã-ixÃ.ert nodes.
Oitce aiiode has riceived a CTS indic:ttiiz~ that atiorizer izoda;, sucii ag an access io. irxt or another access termirial, has woii =t'fa.t= contention for a parÃ.~cuhir subc;arrier or subcatriens, the n.adema), tissw fhe. CTS simtxa.Ã as aal open-loop pilot.
signnl to pWrforfii chantn.c;l. gaiti estirt3ation, vtc., ax 604. At 606, open loop inler'et=eucc;
levels may be conlixutd. to a tltetiiza~ noise .I.oz>el. In order to ezksu.t=e Ãl-xat.transwtsstc'ra .ts pGriti.illed over a subcarrier fl-iat has bc.Lra grauitc.d to ano1Cx~r ~iodc ky 1t2o Ã;TS, PSD
and trai3sz3iissiol3 pcsNver levels for RTS anc.~i data trarasniissions tnay> k- selcetuz# at Is;ss-t.hw3. mxsinYum lcvols, .tt 608. -Mts, RTS and data may be sent: at apo-we:r.~evei that resutis in a tas;:--Ãli wi-mx3xYZnut=tt. I?SD, arid th~.~ transrz=t.ilÃer zt-tay, he ab#.o, to -~=roc:eec:i vd~ -0ae tt:tusmisSiot=t.
bi;caiist; it NO.it a:lot ynÃc:r.fiero with I13enu&-tiaa:t -%zon tlae cunlended stitbcartit;r, even Ãhrmi;;13 tht;~ C'-TS indica:ting sticli was recwivod.
1.00491 Fig. 7 is rw illustration ofa.mahodot<gs~ 700 for st:loaitjg a~~ropri'att;
PSb aftd. tr~~tstrtissiott potN. ,~r le~~o1s -to mitigate in~'1'feieil~.;e wh;;'.li ti=flll;i113ilt.ttlg i3ti%i:T' sitbca.rÃ-i.ers for w-1ii4~immottis;r iio~.~e has won ca7itetrtioti, in accordance va-ith some aspects. M. 702, an RTSdCTS protocol may be initiated -to pem.iit siYbt;a:rrier conwnL.ion between Ã=todes in zt wi:rz:Iess service art:a. At'704, a CTS si<rm-d tiaat ha.s been rLi:ek-ed may be tzse:d as a pilot signal for channet gain i;sttniaiion and th41zk4. In this manner, method,7[1Ã} p;;.t-txiits the- tranfinsTtter to opctatem ata 9ntt;:derenci--ltnaited level instead of a theranai-linifted level. 'nxus, ~petz-loop-cot=trpxite=d intLrfet=ent;.e power atay be 1.4 compared to a pz=edeterzit.iti4d pet'xnisst~le. tnte-de:tetacL level, a -706, rat{ter-tltati to a l.lxwniiai noise luvei, -as described above i::itli. regard to Fig. 6. Tlxc, pmdEicmiined perxni.ss.ibtÃ; i.at:er&ronc;c; IÃ:vGl,nxat= lae specified im m.intcrfer~~~ce, level rsver-thimal (101), sttcii #hat. 101' j:~-horc I is the it~tc-jfor,:.occ power and N is the the EYna~
tioise pot~~er. 'T.U transmittu may aoir,:athÃ: W1'S iramrnissio:n povv4' rat a gÃven, PS.I3.
Mtd the daia trdmsmasszoa putFLr at: tlxe giYro.rr PST3 or lmvur, in ord4r-ta ensu~~ that the RTS and d ata inin sniistiiÃ7n s axe pc;rnxittwÃI <3ver a sÃi bc;zmic;r ihat I3as been wx.r:u-ited -to anoChor Conte-tading node, at 708. Itt ttiis mumir, a no& that has lost cottwntioti for.i.
dÃ:-si:n>d subcarri.er may still #.ram4it: over the snbÃ;ame.r w. it:Iiout intezfe:ri3V NÃfz#b thà r:i0d0 ilxai. has i>>on the ccantmiif>Ãa theri for.
fm'5tlj 'Fig. 8 iflustrates a. mott:~c,-~dolo&y gtIO for titili..zi~ig a muIti.-v-aiuvd C."'i 'S' to a nodo to tr-m3sti-tit o-i c;r a su.bcanis:r -tIiat.13as bic:.ta granted tt-r another node. tvittaout. iÃtte~Ã.~r.'tzag ,t if.h th~:. W- zc;r nodc:, in ac:corda~tce with one or iiiotc: aapecis.
:kt 802, i3t't RTS/CTS vvitli 14:'kRC,} protoÃ:=ol may be employc d- tÃ.~
pt;.c'sti.it s0cwrier M804, amulfi-vaIuv at the Ãinxc of CTS t.nummissicsn. At 806, a node tlhat Izears -tilz C1"S, bnt th at IosLs, contention forthe subcan-ior(s) forv~-bicb t~ie CIS is prrsv.icied. may=
select a transrRisSitin povve;:r iÃ;-vol aiicl. aPSD le-vol for R:.CS and data tra7xsmass.Ão7i as aflsanction of tl34 CTS vilue=.
[00511 For e.x.tÃtap~e, a two=i=i.due C'I;'S (c3r a c atx.cc,-wher-~. ~i is an iiYtegor) taia~~
be itiiIized iti ct~t~jut3ctÃots mvith the for~~,going. A node may nomiatiy send a CT'S vil-uo of 0 in response to an RTS. ~Ic~3x>~s>cr if a tbrus-hoi.d tiu.tiibLr of );TARQ
mtran4missio3ts has been the rzodu znav send a C:TS 1=-Wue of I in response to w-t RTS..
1.faaather mode reccivÃ; 4 a CT~ value of 0, thun it may be pem3:i-tted -to trxtlism:it its 'RJS
zitid Ãtan. . -at am oNi31ocrp'I:1SD, creating int.,rfimnco tap to the systc;ni ta~ get TOT Ievoi. If ttie, :r.aoÃI~. r~.~c~,~ivw:s a C:'!'S -wiIuo of I, tlxcÃt it maybc: pem#.tied to tratYsÃt~"it the KI"S and dam3~ an npe-ii loop PSD ÃittÃÃ;h less than the IOT Ie:-vel. Additiorta.Ã C-TS
-valucs mW. be milizccl to targot Ãntet-Emn4s; s:qtiat to X% of tlii IOT for different values of X, where X-tf rcpz-escuts the sfaadarÃi C'I'S svhiah blocks ix~n~zr~iss~ Ã~n.
100521 'Fig. 9 is ati illustt'atioii of an aecc=ss to-miinat 900 tltat.fac.iii~t,,i[:e:s xnÃ:Ãtiutii access control in a mu.tti-.hop Nvirs:le:ys niesh network, in accorriaaicÃ.~
wit1~ ~no or more aspc;ets. Acce,ss torr#akiaI 90i7 oorz~prises a ruceivur 902 t1iÃti receives a signal via, for insta~ace, a Ã=es .eive autetma (not shmx~7.i), -md performs ts>piÃ:al acdans thereon (c:g., 1.5 #~i~tura, ampliflc;s, dmvrzcor.iveiU, e?fc.) the received s~gnai mad digi-lizes th~.~ conditioned ci~;~~c~s~u.t~i~;~ .r~cz~~'i=c~ s~~txxh~ls an(~ p.i~c~Y~~es ih~~n tt~ :z.
pzcscc~ssfTr ~3Ã?Ã'i ft~r ah~.at3i:t e,.Ai.mation mi~.~I atlaer ac:tions. Processor 9Ã16 rna~t be: a pr=ssc.-~r dc4cac:d 't.n anWyzing informataotx rccr;ivwd by Ã=ecLiver 902 and/or ge.n,: atting irxtomiatÃon f:oi= tmixsrnissiosx bt-a. tramsmitk~.r 914. a. processor that: e-cxntrcxls cme, or nxom components of acc4ss t4x=lxzilxal 900and/c;r a processor that bcaÃl-i ;zn:xl{:zcs info.rnxa.t:ion.recoired by i-ecoivir 902_ generates ttifori'9T'1t'it3n for tr~.t38tI'tisSioil"b5fninsYElt'~tig 914, ii3.1d contrs-A8 one or more, CaMpcxsxti.nts of;:xx;cu;;s Ã:::mxim.41 900. Addit.i(xxxal,Ãy. Ptxaces,o:r=
906 may be opem Ãi-veky asscxii atedivith a ccxrxt~~rxdixxg module 916, ivix.icta rrs.i-y- exeeui:e in:~~ictions for co3xt4nding for suhcarrio:rh:, :i~idivir~ualiv or in scfs, inde:pendctxtiy of c.oiIt~.~xiding for ofhvr sUbcarri,;rs or sets of sabcarrxs:rs_ 1'rocvssor 90(1 n=x~v further be couph.d to a detormini.xi; t-zxodxiii 918 that detsmuittev~vhcÃhez= 0110 ox= mcxre cc.~lxt:ndcd subcarriers is ~v:~i~~hie fu~= tt~3~snxissi~sns. ~'o~= ix~si~xe~, t~ete~ni~xi~~~; ~a~~:~~x~~:
~zx~~~ e~ecLYÃ~ ~nstrfxeti~~-~s fOr pC6cxrnxinsx _RTS/C:'I'S prcxtocols, for comparing .iiiterf:orc.hixce axxdfor fl3emxa1 nrsi:so levels to aix.~. or iiiarc predeturix.xiat.d ffixoshold #.e-smts a.xxdrÃc;iz~nx3ining -%~ixetÃs.ex= to adjust -transxt=xission potwUr lLvoIs tc) pCrnIR-trwisnxissic>nover a contended sabcarr=ier, etc.
100531 Acccss ten}iiiuil. 900 cat~ additionally comprise x3zeixi~sry 908 that is Operatizeel y coxipled to processor ~X)6 and that ma-y- siorc data to be traixsin ittcd:. re ceived data, wd tlxc: like. .Menicxry 908 ma.y stom ixx.i:orm;~.~kicxrz relaseci to thresho3d i~xt* .r.f:er~.rxc~
or rxoiso levels..prvtoLols l-b.rpor#ox-xnirx~ 'R7'S/C.TS; ~IARQ protocols, transxx3issiota power Iei=e1 a44j3xstment protocols, etc.
I0U1541 It will be apprc:t;iatt.d't.T-iat'tIxe data stcar4 (e.g:, ~ixe-naor, 08)di:scrihed herein c= be cÃ:Ãhox volaGilc' :rxwr.t~~,~z'v or nowvc~lat~~le nxerzxory.. _ or ca:cz iucltadc hoth.
vcxiatile auid no,3x.-o!at:iÃe a~e:~non ..B-,,r wav, Qt iElustrZÃ:ion.. .tnd xxot. linxitxakwn, rxanvL?ia-t.i1c.;
i3ic;txxtxry: can inclx.krie read cr~~ly memoy- (RC3N1), prz3gramnmWe P.O.M
(PROM), olectrieally prog mnnmbli :RWN1 (EVRC}NY), el4ci-60rÃ1Iy emsihle PRO:'vI
(EEP.~OPYI)> or thish xxz4=mor}: .'}"OhtiilÃ: tx=tcinorY c'!an include r~dotn wc'.=ess mexris3n> (RAM), 3vhieh acts :ts o~tornat eae~ic xncinory. %, s~,;iy of ilttistra#ion wid 1-lot i.inx.ita;;==ion, iZAN4 is .~~~ aiItible in n.~~.zi~.~ ~:orzins s~.ch. as st=~.c;tx.rcc~ÃxoXis :~~~.:1~I
(S~'kNI), c~c~:n<xna.i.c. RAM (D:~.~.~rl.), s~r~xctxxc~txUi}s DRAM (SI?R.:VvY), double data #at:e SDR:kM (DDR S:0RANNI), effl=ced SDRAN1 (.F SOKANT), S-yxzchEink DkANI (SIlDRA:1~Ã)> md dimct Rambus R:3.N1 (DRRA.M), The memory 903 of the subjWct sy-stostxs cctad xnidiods is yzxtanded to co,rii}xx=ise, without bsixi; liiixiTed To, these mad aay oth;r suitable types of sner.xiory.
1.6 IÃ~tÃa"151 Processor 906 is ~..~rdi4t= opeznfivwly. caLtp;;ed to tm rttsmitpe.~w"s:r cotztz-olIer 9 1.0, %~slxida inay aqjust a txansnzit povver level for oixe. or irtore of a RTS, mcssage, a CTS
messne, a data. .E]1LS5kge in order to per1-itiL f.Y'ct1'i4mis:S.FC>i'i U-vGr a s3.EbCa3'l'iL r f0~~fi=hkh ans,'~thcr node Exas 1voEi conls:rtti.on, as dcscribod abam:. .rkc:ce:ss tomiinal 900 still ftirtlic:r compr#sus a xttod-ul-aor 91:2 anda. t.ratistnit.tkr 414 that tm, tisna.its tise: signal to, fo r instanco, :t. base SÃt3tion, an a~:~cQ.Ss 1ao.int, a.nothor access temina1, a ronxote rtgemt. e.tc.
A1tlzoaaw depicted as being separatr:l=rnm the processor 906, it is to bo ~qYls.re-_:iai:ed #.hal transmit po-vver controiler 9I0 , contending y-notttile 916, andlor deW:miiniiV niacltile 918 may bc; patt of processor 906 or a ~i-arn.hvr of proc~.~sscz:rs 10t31-56j T'i.g..I.0 .is an il1usIm L7.i?n of a :4y-sÃem 1.0Ã30 t1rat facilitates atiju.sting t~~smit: poiv-cr t-o pei-iiiit trmisrnissiotk mv-or a subcaE=rict= that daas beizlr vvan by. ancsftr coiit.ending noc1,:, vvifl3mt interfcring-3s~ith tlic: lvifrning yiodc:, in accordxics; 'vvit.h on4 or t~~~ar~; ~xsps:cts. ~;~ ~toz~~ :it~~3~t ~.o~~t~~rzs~~ ~ ~s~c~:.ss ~.~oi~iC
~t)fT'~ ~~=.iÃli ~ rc:.~;~;.ic~~;..a= 1 t~ ~C3 ~ktat receives ai~~rW(s) :Ãroin ocre Orr clloro user devices 1004 t.hromg1i a plimA.itv af-mceive m-mmas 1Ã306, anki a transmitter 1022 tl-iat tra.nsinits to the. ow or more tiser ~cvioi;s ~.4t~~ tlx~~~~l~ ~~:r~s~t~ie;~xzteax~~~ 1~~~~. ~t~,:Ct4t1~tL1' 3.V.t i.~]
CGC42114 I1~i.C3rII1%1C1L?~Y 3.[C?I3~
r4ceisv i1.ntC';m.s 10Ã16 md is opLra.tiveiv associated vviÃ1:-i a de.modu.tatvr it)t'' -Ãtiat.
dv;niottiitaie:s re:cs-;:ivtdinfonnatioix. Dumadt~latiti sy'nsbois ar~
ami.l;yzed by a processor 1014 that ca.~i be sinii.iarlo the procosst3r descril,aec1 abox.v wir:h rz>gard to M& 9, md 1i'11ICh is 4mylod to a Lk1Gmo'iy. 1016 IIi-a-f S$oXes l.[T.(:bfTii<it3o~'~
t'okued to subcaf=$E.YO.r contontion, ti'a31smit power a4JL18tmi''t?Y. and/or any oÃ1ker suitable inf~n-mmtid~~ re1ated to ped'orÃti,iÃig tho warious actions ;tiad functions sLt forth hL rLhl..
104-571 Proctowsor 1.014. naay. be ffirther coupled t:o tra~~smz;;s.ic~:rz.
PSD adjuster 1018, 1vb.iGb' T1Y3y "Idj-tisÃ:Ix-misxnrissiozi 1~wNve:rto achi~tre a dcsired PSD. Forexamplc:, transmission i'S.Ã3 actluster 101.9 n~av ~Wjtast a t.r,zi3s~~.~issio:n.
porNvor Iez= oI -ta achlzat>s; a tarbet PSi3 for ~ii RTS signai, a CTS sigpia1, a da#7, traasmission, E>.te..as d~~se-,=i1ei1 abo-ir'c with mgard to various i?dw.l= i:1>~'aptiCt.S.
W '8 1 Processor 1014 mkv fur't:hcrbe coYiplecl -Ãoa-Contz,:ndi~~g m<dide 1(}2411ial 12taxi~ t;1eCuti~ ii]atrilCtioiis for CC}121'e3'1ding 1'oT St3bcaais:rS.
ilidii="1dwallT or in s4ts, ztxcle~pcndent1y of contending for u#.1ier sLtbcaarz-i.ers or sets of' su13e;a.rrie.rs. A c1acrmin..ing iat.oduIc: may determine w-Iac;ttic;r coiitezatic;ci sabcarrim sre. available bY :;xociÃ;1nzY
instr-xci.rons fo~- perfonni~~g ff IS,r'CI.'S protocolst for Co~~~~aring iiitei-FirellcC and:'or then-Ala1:110zss: l:ovc:is to ane ox:anore prz4ete:r.n7inocE V3r:sh6Id.1evels and clote~minÃq, X-fli~,:tI'ker to .14i CTst t-#tk2I5211issii7n power l4ti=iIs [L3 p~.3'.II11t uwiS3niSrioa o-vor a cmrtoadid stftarricr, ~~to. Processor [014 ni~~ be fltrdter coupled to amodLilator lC3X'v%=it.'Ãch miay, n-lulf1plcx ass.tgntxrettt Til;Fonnativii :For-transnxissinn by a tran,rnit~;er 1022 1hrotFgii :tntoaxn;t.10(18 to user c~evic~-:={s3 10Ã14. AIthc?ttgh depicted x heinfr se~ar~~:tt. fioz~~.
ptocr:ssor 1014, it is Totx; approCÃatec[ that Ã'ratisttiissFUii, PSD adjusWr !O S 9, modulator 1020, c4ntc:nt,~~ng ttimlt.t.le 1024, and/or dowr#iisning tnL,dttlc 1026, may be part of processor 1014 or a nLti.nbei= a~prucessors (taot: shsmija).
100591 flg,. I I shows an -e=.nxpiary Nvrirelu4s coinrnnnicat.ion systc.m *1 It3t3. The w-Frt;leSS C.~?tI'tÃlti]111CaftC3'S3 Cy,tcni 1100 depicts oiie base station and one, tornlynal for sake of hruvity. Iltsvvzvur; i't: i:; t:cr be app r;cia#:,;d th:a.t tli.e. systwn caix i.n.chid4 xt:xam tlaan. cszae.
base :~~ta:1ictn ;:trtcL/c}r mctt=c~ than oiit:~ tui~~~in.t.l, wiaere.in additional tx Lsu st.aiics.ais aixd{',ar ti:t=in it-i I is can bt;, snhstatiti~I v sitnit4tr o t' cTfffQrwtat -fcar'thr, PN-3~-.mpia.ry hasQ stabion an e~
t"tninal d.:scrfbc:d belo~.v=, It3 addit.irsn. it is to b,: apprec:iati;c!
#hni. thcbasc; stalion :tnd/or tkee lt:.rminal can eirpIoy tltir naethoc~~ (Fig. 2-8) -'MCL/or s~=stc:nls (Figs. :i, 9, .I.0, and 12) di.'=sot'tboci bc.'tx:tix to #acitrune wtrciess evmmuntcaltc3n there beCcv-eett.
[00601 RQ.f.c:rrÃxig tiaw. to'Fig. 1I. on a d oNt t'tlin~., at :t~..~ess pz-rÃtl-t 110-5, a tr;trtsynit (T.:-K) data processor I I 10 rucuiv-es, forxizat.s, ccades, i.nÃerIeaves, and nxoduiatcs (or symbc7l t3xaps~) triftic data :tiid provides moci-aiiaÃion sr:.'inbals (.Uct#.:L s;>ntt~c~ts''~_ A
syknbol modulata~r.t 115 receivas and processes the data. symbols an. d pi#ot :symhols cind pnckici.es a staeain ofs) tnbdls. A s;~zaibol tnodul.Itor 1120 snt_tlti:pt~xes &:t<~ -md piikit ayttxhoIs and prav'zc#cs tlaea.n to a tt'attstzxitte;t unit (TiLST)K} 1120.
Bach, tm. srn.iz st tnl~~~
in,a)> be a data syntbol, a pilot symbol, or a. siEgn~lvatcte of =rct.
'Mepiiot: sy-tnbais n-ta.y be sctit. cotatiiit.tansty iiA each syrnibrsi period. 'nie piiot syt~~bcAs cwi be ft0qttency di-6siun an.txltioi.exed (FDNi), arthoganal fr.4qtteney. div-isio3x mu.ttiplexed {OMM}, diviszoa m.ulti'p1.i~~xed (TUNI);. ;Creqtlency iiivist.m muEt#~lexed (FDN t.), or code division tltuliiptt;~xxci (MM).
I.M61.1 T.M.'.TRI3.20 rLc,,iv.-Ls atidconverts iho si:i::arn of st=mbols .inta oiie or more aixalog s%;ztais aExd ftirthet= cortditaotts (eg., wtt.plif iesr fille-Ãa~, caad fretlticacy t~pcortvwAs) th~.' attakg signals to generate a dounli'nk signal suitabie ~~.~t= t;vaisi-Ilissiu:n vv-e:~ ~e wireless channel, "flie daiv~~~in.k signal i,,;z tlierY tr-,wsmift'd througlFh an Ir~tertna.
1.12j ta the Lumin:lls. At lenr~i.na.I. 11.31 0, <ttz,-m#:etma. 1.'i.314;
wcuives the ciownfin;, sign:ti.
aÃt.~ provides.-t:rs;ocis>eds;tgrt~a.f to a remtx.-er LYt2Ft (RCVR) 1140.
Recuivet~-tittil 1140 conditions (e=.g., fi.tters, a.wlAifi.es_ atxd ftequency. i~owncc~~~erts) the rLceived signal and digitizes the conditioned signal totktzetin satop3ws. Asymb t rleinodu7mo:z=
dkrttodulats:.q,ancfprovides received pzJ.ut symbols -t~.~ a prooessor 11.50 1.8 esÃI.miti~,~n. SyÃ=ztbol. ds:znodittat-ar J. 1=I: fatthvr rGc4Ã1'Gs afxeqtYetzci>.m.spotzse esfimitL
A-ir the dcaw.itli.il- f.i=onx processor 1150, perfvrms data demodulation nn the received data s;fnxbals to obtain d:Ãt>i symbol tsÃi.inat:es {w-bich =- estimates oftho transmitted data s~yEnbi,~Ts).. and pr.ol:icWs tIto d.Ã~,.~i. sytribt'sl o-stiinates t~.s :iÃx RX dztaproci~sscar It :?5T vt>hi.ol-t dontoclttlame (a.e., *-,Ãnbd1. de:an~ps), and docodos the data svÃt3bo1 Osl:iÃuÃt'Us to .rt;cctve.r thuIrailsmiited InafF'tc data. The procs ssiÃ}g ky symbol clc:irÃoduIaicar .1145 and RX ciatt..Ia.rcx:=essar .1155 is ct3mlslementary to the prtsci=sk.iixg by s;:.n117~1 niodtÃIaoÃ= I.,i 15 mt~.-~ TX d.:ita.procLssor 11i0, rcspetrti-%>s;ly, m tacoess poÃiÃt j4t~".x?j C#.iz. the ttlifink, a TX data processor I.I 6t'} proccss" traffic &Aa and proY>idc;s d:ira symbols. A symbol xriodu:I:tlor 116-S .recoit=e4 >Ãtxd mttltiplz \Ls itiL d>ttYÃ.
s~ tn~~sls ~ t>i~h ~ailot ~~-1i1~r~sls, p~ ~~ot~t~s ~t~od~~tÃiot~, ~ii~ ~a~s~
i~~ s~t stto~Ãt~. of. s~ nxÃ~a15. A.
transmitWrtwil 4I70 tt3i.ti =cei~s>~~.~s and processes fEte slt-ewti of svinIyol-sto gsanx;rato an t.#pli.axk- aigttal., which Ã's trwmz-kted by -Ã[io axrkoraÃxa .1135 to ths aocx)5s paittt. 1105.
[00631 At access poit3t 11Ã35, tlie Yipl.in~: sigir-aI fi~om torÃ-i3iiiaI 1130 'is rvcetvW by tIto zirstt;nÃaa .I l211' and processed by a rceei:vc-r iÃnit 1 17-5 to obtiiÃi samp#.es, A st:nibnl ds-mocluIstor ,I !SO then lxrocesscs t2ie. satujxi. s, aa-icÃ. pzovides re;cv.ivcd pilot sy3nb6ls aiiel cl:itu symbol estiniates for ~Ixe: uplink. syÃribcrl esÃimatus to rwovoÃ= ttio traff-ie daut ti-aixsÃnittod by, tern-iffia1 11'30. A prooessor.
1190 perforn-As oluamnei e;stiÃ-kiatirsii for each actix~e fom3ina1 rrai}siniÃ:ting oii the tqilink N-fuI:ÃipIt: wraxirtals at;ky t,ratsmzk pilot eoztcÃ.ÃrÃ-i:a11y art the UpliÃtk on tlaoiÃ- xcspi:ei:it: U
assigtied sets of pilot sttl3bues, vvItere the pilot srtbbwatà sets mdti' bv .in#LTIa"- d.
100641 Processors 1190 :tÃiÃI 1130 direct (t}.gx , ccintroi, ocordiÃiate>
ttimtigo, c?w.) operation at access po.iÃit I105 antl #:onni.tt,il I..I :,=~f.Ã, r.:spoetivi.ty, Respective pmtcssois 1190 and 1~10 can be associated NvitIi xxÃc.x~xor~y units (tÃot sho'kv:q} I~ia store program codes aiid clam. Processors 1190 ;~~iici. 1.150 c:ui also IsLrforin compumÃions to derive frequency aiid impia.lse r~spoa3so estimates -for llsc t3piinl4 and downlink, respectively.
100651 Fot' a xt~ÃfiÃspX~ ~~c s ss systetia (e. i 3=, I 'IA UF UN1A, ~.?NI:1, c>rc. ~> .}tttal~iplo tw't'ntirt.tU can transmit Gom=urrcatltr on the ctplffik. For sut:=h a Svs1:eÃn, t1ic.
pilot sct~bu& t~~~y N-,,sha:red among diE~.~ror~~ tortzi%naIs. 7'hu clumyis;l evi~iatioÃs ÃeLlxui.cÃvcs rnay. be vsecl in c:sst s~~.I3~ .r~ the pi.IoÃ. subbands for c;tcli #enniiial s=P:mflxe <;Ãttir'-w opuratitig I~ncl (possibly excvpt for ttiÃ~ banct edges). Sticli ;t pilot stÃbE3wtd sii=oottxro -,xioxÃlci. be demirabie; to abts:ii-~i :Ã-'reqo4noy divemity. for each ter~irintÃ1. 'Fbe Ãechtii.titÃt:s desoribeti horein rnai- bo irÃxplelaiented by b,aaiot.ts means. F-kir c;x-ample, tbese.
techtÃiqur:s .Ãnzy be implemented in I7.arduwc, sc~~lwarc., or a cormbi~ati~.~tt dÃeroof For a 1.9 ftardw:are iniplc:zslezlta.tiozz, ffle gracessing tiizits tzsed for chanÃtel cstizztatiotz zizav'b4 iEnzplel1-kE.ntecl N-vithin r~ne, or more. ;1pplicatio2x spi:csfic .inte-grated circuits (ASTC.s), diÃ;it:li s.tg lxax processors {L?SJ?s}, cftgttal s.lglxal processing Clevict.s (DSPDs), p.rogt-anxtmab:le logic clQvices (I'L-L)s), field pmgra:czarnat~14 gate -arna.vs (FPCIAs)<
processors< cozztrollezs, micro-conil=oll%rs4 rtii~z o~~ccssUt~. other oIc:ct.ronic u71ii~ de-signÃ:d to pcrforin the functions descri)aed laE~rein, czr;x combination thcreof N16th sai'tis=:zl-e.t i.mpl~=.Uutatif,3zx c:t.tx be tbzr)uglz vxcadttlos :pt'oc,cduze:z. ftnictioFZs.. anci so on} -ttz.at.lxst-.fioma thL
fctnctions described lie;reizz.. fhe: softvsarc ccsdes maN, be stczre-ct in Ã:za.crrtory. iynit and en~.ecu:twd by tli~. pzooes,%tw i, 190 a-ad 1150, 100661 Fig. 12.is w.iilftsE:raticaza af an af.apat;l.tus t.'?t)t} tbxlt facilitates pexfotmi.ng a. iniffli -liap wircl4sfi ancsh nctivorl=: nictliutit acc;.ss QoSitrol (MAt.:) -protactil, in aecorclancc: tt~ith onc or n7oru aspucts deswribod tiorcin. Appaa-nus 72Ã30 is represrtiwd as a series ofislt~~rrz blocks, ~~~)Eziclx Catl ~~zew~tli .fi~#zG~#ratt.5 imlai.etztc#.ztid by a Pr~.~c:=assor, softwire, or coztlbizta.faon iilez=eoiw (e.g., fiz=za-z-ware). For Lxaz3~pic, appar.aws 1200 n~av- provid4 zziot:1aIes for pv-rfomiittg various a.cts-, szz.ch as no dcscrib',~--d :&ove. .A.17pa.rattcs '1200 cotnPris-.s a lnodule= :~or contending 1202 ilia-t contends fol= (v.g., selects, ....) a particEilar ;;tEbc.at=t=iel=or set ufsutrc:wrien~
independently ofc.vnte-ut.iclxft;r=
any other strbea:rr.ie.r.. N-2odt7le for rc;cluestiazg permission 1 ai34.)s o~.arathiciy coupled to a latadtzle for dz Ãertniziins; .tzbt <~l rier a~ ~ilaiaiiit- .l st3~. vv-hic~
generates ztlscl trimsnaiÃ's a rGqttz:si: that intl:i,~ates a. tfesiro to tmzsztxil -a data pacliet pv~~c the cozite-rlded sul3ca.rriQt'(s-) a '41-e;qtzost-t aend") witli in a portion of awaitabie b and,vidi~~ ~~i-ia.t is used fo r mu1tip[e; acccss_ The Poztiart ofavai.lable bandw-idt]:'t may be somefortion less tlt.~~ all availad-Ae izandzvititl3. used for 17;1a1#i.pl:e a.ccess ilx a wir.etLss col3nxunication 4nvironl-Aetai:
x1Rwhii,'it apparatus 1200 is c:mploE'ed. Morllti~,~fot'dctcyt=zxziziitzg sutaca~~:ics a~~tilzzbilitS
.l 2t34:a3ta~y- rc:ecivc: a. Sl;azt (Ãr. s; ,a si'gua.l or :o1ne OYher forlll of h.pprc;vaI) nfthc w13te1}cied stzbea.rricr{s}, upon t=tilllch ai~pan, ttls I200 may employ a n3otl.tlia fra.t=
tir-wzstlkitts.ng, (zior ivtlic-fz trwiwmits the data. fxacket wver-llto conts:ncled s~tb~.a~ier(s).
[00671 For a soft.-aro inspie-zM61taticrn, Aw tc;clznielu.e:s described herein zn:ly be iEmpl.c:.nionteci wi)hrt~~dul.es (e.;. ; praced uz-es~ functivrzs: ~ra.d sra vn) tlia.~k pe.t-fi~mi. the hunctiutts clz.sc.ribed liereiit. The sofit.t}arc; codes m:tx= be atorc;Ãt in mcrsiory units aliii exc cztte:cl by proccssotti. The- ttie:tliatzt tmit nzwy he i1~.~tp1e~norliWcl within t)xs; processor or s;:~tor:ta.t to the p1=acessc;l=, :izz '4=biciz case it ca13 be conztnunicitive1y 4otzpiecl to the processor via variocls ttzeazzs as is .1<xzo-ivrz in the a:n.
[00681 What has been described above includes examples of one or more aspects. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned aspects, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various aspects are possible. Accordingly, the described aspects are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthennore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to tha term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
AMENDED SHEET
The apparatus may further comprise a transmitter that sends a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the one or more contended subcarriers, and a receiver that receives a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for a subset of the one or more contended subcarriers.
Additionally, the transmitter may transmit a data signal utilizing the subset of the one or more contended subearriers.
[0011] According to yet another aspect, an apparatus that facilitates performing multi-carrier wireless transmission may comprise means for contending for a set of subcarriers independently of other subcarriers, and means for determining whether a subset of the contended set of subcan=iers is available for data transmission.
The apparatus may additionally comprise means for transmitting a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the contended set of subcarriers within a portion of available bandwidth, which is less than the total bandwidth utilized for multiple access. The apparatus may further comprise means for receiving a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for the contended set of subcarriers, upon which the means for transmitting may send a data packet over the contended set of subcaniers.
[0012] Still another aspect relates to a machine-readable medium comprising instructions for facilitating multi-carrier wireless transmission, wherein the instructions upon execution cause a machine to contend for a set of subearriers independent of contending for other subcarriers, and to determine whether a subset of the set of contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
100131 Yet another aspect relates to a processor for facilitating multi-carrier wireless transmission, the processor being configured to contend for one or more subcarriers independent of contending for other subcarriers, and to determine whether a subset of the one or more contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
100141 To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the one or more aspects. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various AMENDED SHEET
aspeet~, may bw emptolvec! -mid the desersbed :~spects aroiizt~n&d tca .inchidw all si7elj aspcct4 and their e.q-ui:,va*ient;;.
BRIP;F' UESCRi'P-11L~~~ OF THE DRANVt.:tiiGS
10015j FIG. 1. is an silusmitic,n afanerdhcv, or c.on-unrlzlicatiota C~S'It'L3~k~{1~rE~. in accordance 4L'.i'111 'L'al:iC}u.;; cI5pt7Gts.
1.00161 F-Sfi. 2 is an.ittxistraiic~v c>i'a. methWotog .Ã> tcar coaxtGuriirtg For sAear.ricr4 in a 721ultt-C:l~'3iLr Li'I1~~4~~u CÃ~~1lYt1i333IC~i~I~##3 t'.Xlt'{roS11T1etl#'- in aCCOrd -1nCe 4i>'ith Ã:ir#.QU:B
a5j3 =L'CU.
I04I 71 F I.G. 3 is .u3. iI lustx=,ziiorz of a txxc-tI-ror.ic>Ic~gy th>u ;''ac=i.tiÃanis pF-;r.Fo r.tning a iittiTti-iiop wimI~;~ss in,;.sli nuÃ.iv-ork- niodiutii acccss cs:sntro.E
(NIAC'.) po-toct'I'f.. in anw ~.~r nioiti: aspucts desaribod tic;riin.
WI8] FJ.~;i. 4 is w.1 ill-tis[rafi~.~a of a R'FSoia.d CTS
Nuid-width to faciiitate. inc1c1.,eÃtdent stibe .'~er Ccanteution, in,-act:ordtl#1t,4'wit17 iJ11i f,.~k iitcsri asNcts, tÃltllgj FIG. 5 is ati a.ilsxstm- ti:aix of a niefficxl<.~iq&v foi= i-ndc;pender3i.lrr cant4.yading i'cir subc~arriers in a 3Yiruless r-nesh ne1Lvork to.facil itate medicarn access collErol_ in a.ccorctuco viiCh va7'loti5 a5puCt5.
IN201 FIG. 6 ill135$r5tti:>S ~me-tbodC3lC3',W,.ti for imp3Y?L''id3.;; spatial rk;ilfit, ky tztilizincr a CTS as, a pilot f:ar ait opert lcse.>p citan.iir:l g,-tirz esximatc, in acccsrdmice wiffivwx.i,~aS
a5pc;ct.s.
[0tt211 FT G. 7 is mi illaistr,xti~ii of a rnethodotagy for s~lect#n~
vpropriatc P-SD
aixd tr as:tsr.rs.iss.ion pavvur }tvels i:ti i3-sitigatv vvherx l.ransnxiÃ:tirtg txver SISbCat'~'.tw=nS f.o2' 1v.hIc-I't mi.i:lther iii7Ã3L has 1Yv[.~n i:,C1x1ti::tktit3n, ua accordance bvi:th soixiG
i5pe.C(S, fOil221 FIG. 9 fitiigtr3#es a methodolt~gy, for ueitizi~~~ a mtylti--valried CTS to fuiA~~~~ pen~~tfing.a.tiVdc to Lran.,~t~m.14. o-vGi#'w4suG7carrier diat LiaA
been g mtel1 to ~mother nc.~de witiiout intc;rli;rinW zvYth the ot.~~er no(ic;Y in aecUrdu}cc with ~.~fae or i;aotL a~pms.
100231 FI:G. 9 is mi ilItisCaatioii of an acomF teniiiiial tlial. fi, ciliCatc-s mcditmi access Lalzi:rol in ain-tal#:iIioP wireless zxtes.h neuvc.~rk, in accordance ~x-i#:h. one vz-mrar~=
-ispLc;ts.
I(H}24J FIC-1 . I.tl is i-n illustration f3f aSy-Veva that fb.CiliYzat.i5 ~3djt7sÃ'ing- ta2nsmit pbw-wr to permit Yr~~~~~nissia~a. rs-vvr a stiiycarrier that l3a5 bw~~) -wo7s by -azoÃher contending Ãiode, withoÃtt Ãriterft rin~ ~~~ittk ttie wxfm.ir.i<m ii.ade, in ac cordancc;
Vv.ii;[x oilc O.Ã= Ãnoz-e :csPect,.
1000 ~.a1 Ft:Cr. 11 is an iIi.ÃzstratiEaÃi. of a wireless ne;twc?rk- en-virE>nment that caii be cÃtiplc.~yod in c~~Ãjjtxilct~on with the various syitmus an~.~ 7u:fhod.s dmrii.~r:~.-l .i7c-rciii.
100261 'FTG. l.2 is azl illu5trationafaaa appnraws INI;t. fiaciiitaws ~crfomiÃng a mul.fin1.~p wireless Ãmsh nemorkmLd.ium ac;cQss control (iMAC) P.rotocol, in ac:cord.mcc wi.i-Ja oneor nxareca.spÃ;cis dcscribcd herc;in.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
104w71 Nrxious aspects are .amv descrrbed with.refL.cuncG ~Io -ttIi=
clr:Ãvtyng.s.:, wherciÃl iÃ~;.4 reft;rcucc mimcra.is 2re t[sed to to liko elcnwrits throughom.
'iÃa t13i=
following zCm,.riptiÃsEi, .tor pmposvs of cXpLarla#ion, lizxmerctis sgecific dctails am sQ-t #:c~.~~ ix~ c~~i~:=Ã= to ~~=as's~L ~ tEzc~Ã'~.~Ãx~~Ã u~Ãe~cr~t3Ã~c~.i~z~
a,~'~#Ã~; 4r ##~c~r~:= ~~x:~;ts. ~:~. #Ã~~.;~~ ~e ovid4nt, liovGvw'=r, tliiu sci.el3 a,Spoel:(s) may b~ praot.iced vvithoctt these sp mi~'io details. In otlac-r iÃislw.~ncost tvOl-talow-A3 dkvic4s are shmim in block- diagram fomi in order to fa,cilitato desc~l-xia:ig oiic or n-tow asperts.
10028j As Eisetl in this appi.ic:atrton, the terms "~c~.ml~an~=r~t."
"s~:~i4~,,' and tho fikc are iix#'el}clerl to rcf4'r to a computer-related 01.ltity, either hn;~.-iNv;Ãrw, soffivaro, sc~&VIrc: in c:Ncscution, l:irnlwarc, :Fni.d.rllc t~~~re; microcode, ~arscir'orany combination Ãkiereoi= For ex::tinpIr;, a comp~.~neut Ãmay be, btzt is r.tot linaitiod to b:,iqg, a pr(.ic.ess n.7luling oÃl a.processor. a lsmvcessor an oli~Ã:.ct, m c-x.ocat~~lc, a thruad of e-xxcution, a progt:mi: and/or a computer. OnL rar more coÃ-npcncnts ~~iaNi rrsiclc:
witiiiai a proccss ~i-icl,'or-t3xread ofw\e.cut:i.an and .à component ~i-iaN~ be localized (>11 one computer aÃidlor distributed betAveeià mra or rzaQw computers. Also, tliese compc.~llents can u-swcute .ÃraÃti.
v<Ã.ri4aÃs computer readable t-ncdi;z ha-v:irig ;=arious c$aYztstmctures stor~x-l tlxe:reo:a. '3.'bÃ;
ccsmpanef3.m cvn-iir-tinicat~ byi~~~az= of local nndsor rLt-notL processes srich as in uccorcimÃcc with a signal ba-vicÃg oi,*e or Ãiiore. daa p-a.cket~ (e. g:, dato t:rraÃiq cÃie Compt.~nt,'.lit itttGr:t~.~fi#3g 1A-Ill another cortl~.~otiez7t in a loc~ sy-steal, d.istribtaYe-d. SystPna, mÃd/'or. acrm a nctt~orl4. stich axN Ãhe inlc;rrÃQ1. svitll Wier sti~sumi by Iv:Ãy zÃftlio sigml).
Addi3:iEonal1y, componerzts of sysl:eans described herein imrv bc re:zrr~~~ged ancir'Ã~.r compli:eneraf~.*c~ bv ad.clitic.~nal s:oiqp~.~Ãxents in ordUr-Co fiaciiitatc ac-Izievin~ ~fllL ~Wious aspects, gwals, advantages, eÃ'o., described witla rig-ud il}into, <Ãrfd are nat lin3il.ed to tt~.~a PrecÃsc; configurations sct.fortl}. ina gz-vou figEÃru, is will be approciaÃWd by ozii.~ skilled in the art, W291 Fw-dlomlom, za'soms asilects are described li.erazti in. cozl:ne~.~kion v-vftlt.:Ã
st3bs4riher station. A subst::rebor stadon ca.tt :tlso bL catisrrà a syste.m, astxbscr,ibt=r tmit, mobilt: :;tatictrt, inctbils;. .re;tttcYtc; c;tatiott, i-eÃi-io-te =t'rnl.inat, access tern.inat, u:}er wtmitxal., usr:r Ãtgk33t, a user do*v1.Gc, or user c;quipnxr;ttt. A stÃbscribe:r sl;ttii3n r:Ãla;", bc, a coi}iyia:r MCP11otic, a c:vr.clii:ss tc#41a1~c~.F~.c, a Sti.SSio2l =Iil.i~ia$IC}E!
PSY7toC6l {SIP} pho#IL:, a vvirÃ;1oss 1oca.l loop {AVLla} sl;z.tioxx, a p~rsorzÃxt digital assistant (P1:3A). 4Ã
ha.ndbeIci t1ovicc ha-vin~
Avi.re-lÃ:=ss cozmt=rc=tims c:apability, or other processing &vi.ct:
cnnt3eeterl to a. wirel.css Ãtiarlein..
IW301 'NtaÃi,>ove=z-, vair:'totts aspeas vr:f=Ã;atutvs described hc:mi.n m:xy.
bo itmlalementeti as ametbt3d, appar>txus, or az-tictu of .maclttfaclute tt4ing stamdard p-ragrratriminEt and.'c.~r= ctigiriv~~r-ing #cahniclzt;:s. 'I"lie tc-t-iii "artic=i~.= of mantrfacture" as Ã;secl lic:mira is intortcletl to i;ncoml.~ass a comptttc-r ptogt:Ã~i acc=4ssii~rl4 froni atrv c:oÃtipÃiter t~-adal>lÃ; devi4x, caz=Ã=i~.Ã=, or Ãkaedia. 'Fcsr eZam:ple, coza~putet-.roadnlale Ãitecli.a cau i.iiclude:
btit are i-iot limited to Ãtuqpwtio sÃo.~go tie-vicr;.s (e.g. ; liaÃ=d diskt -1'lÃ.~ppy- iiisk-, rnagne-lif, stripe...}, optical disks (e.g.Y compact disk (CD), digital -versatik~ disk {DV:1::3)...3, smart cani.s, 'and fl:t.sli nxe:nxo1-31 devices #e.g, card, stick, kez-- driv-e...?.
Ad:dilimal.ly; variotts storkgt; modia de=scr-il=aedhc:roYn c:tn. t-ipre:u,nt onc: or vior=t:
clÃ:viccs and/at= othÃ,>r macl-kinÃ;-rea'~E. dc'3blcs :F13S:d:lI1. for stol'inS. iklfo.t'.El3c'WC311. Tlae tem metlim-11" c-aai inc~1t{ele. wÃtliotii. h~irts~ .li:rl~i.tr~d lo. ~~:ir~.twss clumnt;ls mcl wi.rious rst~er7tteclia. capable of !wriag, ccttztaatiirqg, .Md/or carrying i.nsiructiozl(s) xaclrfor data. t.t will be a1.~prmiatietl that the -wo.r'd "exc:rÃiplaay" is used ltÃ;rLiii to iite;aEt "sem in, as an oxaz;~plÃ;, instai3er., or illustration.'' Atxv a.sper;:t or dLsigp describLd be#'eili as "Lxe7T2}3l~31y?5 is not nvccssail-v to bu mmAnFS.'d as pt'~fe1'Ci:tl or advaY!'14i?o<3tls over ofl1t'.Y a5pLCt: or dCBi-txs.
100311 Fi.g. .I. is act illustz:tticsil of an mi hoc. or c~iesla, Avirulcss ctr;ttÃtt.mic~.~kittxt 'L''Il'L'1rof't~'f3i:>l"Et 100.:ltl accL31'd;;i12Ci'., witt31a:riola4 aspects.
sysÃen?. 10t1 C-M cctmp:rise cano or t3iarz aecess points '102 in one ot-itlclm sectors r7:sat re.oei-vc:<, #:ransrnit,re~oa#: c>r.c=., Nvinoioss coÃxzÃt~Ã3s~ic~iiu~a.:signals to 0,1c11 otlxc;r Ãt~ka%{31' to {)Tlc or 1.11o,4'i'. access tvyf.tl.i~3'als 1134, 106, 105:. Each acÃ:e.ss llcaitit 102 um c~.~Ãqprisc: a transiviine.r' olta.in mtd a r~.ct:.i-v-cr c-It;Ãin.. eac1i of NX--hicAl can itl turn coitaprisQ a lAhmalitv of compon.4yits asst:,ciatcd with siLnial i.r,-tzts>Etxi.ssioa mtcl reception (e'.g: ~ praces.sovs, nlfxi.r.ilakcars; :n-nFltaiPleaers::
dolti{?Clillmt?m C~C=Y33Y11~I~1Iv2~i=#S, 1I1$[',:IlEl-as; G'te.)_ as -vviIl lleapllreciaic:ii b-v olti: skilled ill the ar't. Accwss tom:ir3als 1 f14, 1.06, 1 f38:ma.ti~ bw:, for o x3ple.
c:o.llWarphonesa s~~art ptlones, i-ap1opsY Izantlhold ccsrnttr.tm:ica#iost divicc;s, haradtiÃ.>7d.
computing devicc:s, salellite radios. global ~,7t?Sitiolzi.Ilg, Systi:rals, PDAs, ztld/or av~v oilaer sai13ia1.o device for S
commxrtxicathig aver wxrcfess zketwc.-~r~. 10(). Sv-steni 100 cttta be artnp~oyed Yl3 cw~jufzs:.t:son Wit3~ ~~arious aspects desc:ribed lxe-rc in in orcTer facilitate taruvidi.~~,q sc,dabI~.
rc;4oui=r=c rs u:~c= in a -wircteks communication envircanment_ as sCI forti3 with regard to sttbsr:ciuon:t.fiwu:t'es.
(Ã1032[ Temminals 104, 106. 1W ~arc typically disXat:rs-od fl3E'Qt'tghilut the Systom, and ~=G=h ts:rnkinai i-wky be fixed ur nrahile, A term.ina:l n-iaN' alst) hQ
C'a.tled a n'kabil'o sta:ti jz, ix;;ez-uquipment:, a 13st.r CIt=v ice; or sn1iie O'kI'le=rtt'.mlmAt)i,,,Y~'. MGr7T1i117l.t1u3vi7t, a i-vireIess ~evic.e_ a cefluiar-phone. a persoiiai ciigi-kià assist:tiit (PDA)~
a Nifircie-qs niodem ca.rti, and so osi. E<seti tonnir-xal 104 may ct>mmtinicaÃo e3=i#li zwro, one, or.mYil.t:iple access points on the 4au'nJ.ink aixd uptznk. at:.~~~ ~ivvn moment. ~~e doiv.nYi.nk (or ~ormi- ard I}.t)k) rGfQt's to -tl3.G C~12?I31t1~3~~~~I(311 III3-k f1Q:E1I the r,~'~Cfi.=i:ss points to iI1v ftrinina#s, and tlie txpiixik (or roveEsc: link) ra4s to t6c: cc+mmunica.l:ian fstilà troin flle t:c:rrninals -ta fI}o ~e~ess ~c~:i~tts. ~,it:i~c~x~~l~. ~~~~: itzi~c~~~al.i~nt ~~~~.~;= ~U
e>z~a~ic~i~e~ ~s.irt~ se~~rate .(o~~=~=:t~=~ a.~3c~
t4vei=se links, it mav also ~~ifiiize a si~iLyie set ot'tinks ibr cvn.amutiication ~.zetween a~:=ooss tc:minals and/or accoss peints.
1003-31 Fo.r a distribuied a:rcizitr.ctzuu; access poz;xts .102 mix>
c4inmunzcate vvitia onL anc>tho=r;ts neuded, Data tmns-mi;;sion oia the fonvard fir~k occurs .t:m i one access Point to oile aoccsss tetmhual at or ~icar tlii: mnximum. dnta. raie ihat can be st~pi3orYed by the fbmard tink. anÃi/oa' Lbi:= G43kTiktlut33catio=1:t sy,tern. Additional channels of ihe,fionr-ard liak {ag, ct7iIti'C3l chailtIel} may. be ti'c'4.t=ksTll,ttted 'frf9iT.i 1T.t[Elf:i.plC: ~~tmGss poiats to one terÃnitud. Reverse link data. commurtication occcir #:'rol;i Qns:. 41ccz=ss tern3hialto one or naare access poitiYs.
101341 Accoi-diixg to other aspects, the ad bov ae.m. ork. i-n ay. bo arnÃaiti-hoP acl :1cv 1k~.t\=i=C~~'~:, i'~~~3t::~'~'.,En ~t=t=! ~t4:.CG.SS Tt.~'Ai'~ii3aI. 108 t#til.t:~2L='S ~.f.t4t~2'~' ~ECCC SS '~~ ~'#i~iÃ.31~ 106 as a re1ay to an access point 102. For htstance_ access Ãe:rmincll I OIR may dCtEi'[lli:pe'Cl3aÃ:it tl.bi=s .ilC3t YtaT=c suff'icic;a3f signal strength to transzni t to aoc.css points .1 02, brtt tlint access temiinal 1.06 does I:aa.vc: suffic:ic.ix G si~?~ud str4t%,ttz. In suoh n.
easL, aocoss #orminad 108 ma,- route W-ve'fse IiS3k communication through c'{,.Gt:.C'.4's tc;rt-nitia.l Ã06 to o3-ie= or naUre access points 102. 'Ilius, access temninal =t 0ta may, act as an a.cce'ss poiiit for ace4ss It:rn.-li.naI .1Ã i8.
10(}31-51 Rs;fz.rrin,k to Figs. 2-8, methodQICSgdc ,s relating 'txS
prCJl;'idiIIg 3.3i:;~ii;xty access con#:rot in a mulii-1101s mesh aem-ork axn fflustrated. For exa3k'Eoli',. IT)i'f.llt?doJt3gies cati re.tate to prov-:iciing iaiwdiiiin access control in a- nizxtii-hoXs me's;h lxelwor.k ixl an FDMA eavdvowa~~.~nt, mi OFDMA a ~.:'DMA i'.,'T.t'vE.2'of.IXtl"mt., a.UTDMA
environmwat, -a TDNIA eitvit~~~ixul, m S:DNI:A we-irQtiinent or aiky other auitalAe Yvtretcss vYxvironx7nent_ L-N- fxtle:, :Ãnr Puxprsses uf sirtt.Plictty of exptwafios-L s;ixc medxodc>log.ios ,trc; :thow. tx a3t.d dc's~;=ri.laed as a sc-rie=s of a~:~ts, it is to be -ttnderstoad aitd apÃarr,.cialr;ci that tlic = ncit'tÃmÃioc~ by the order of ac-tc, as s;7tnc; ,-wts mai>. in otz4 or imor, aspects. occtir ir:t different otxl;:=t~ and/or conctt.rmui:~~~ Nvith other a~:=ts frotxt that 4lxovvu and dese=rrbe-d hLre.i.n. For ea..tmpic., lha.,w skiIi.wci in ÃIxc: art.-vvill understand and aÃa13re.ciat~:=
i:hai:,t..ntahodct.hogy c-oix.ld alk-rnaiiveic>
be represented as a seties of iÃiterrelate.d states or evUtits, such as in a state diaggra7n.
~~i~r~~34~;r', .i3c~t rt3t .i1lttSt.rate~ acts may be ruqtr.iEr~dtxt.imP.tunxLn.Ã: ,t. me:thod.c~logy in.
:iccrard,ansretiviÃh ctne. or mcam a4pwis.
100.36J Fig. 2 is zui illustration of a ms:tliod.olc:~gy 200 1ot- conÃimdii~~
for sLtbcac't'i,,t-s in a mlti-carrict' zi it't l, ss ct~inninst'tcal~ctn cll~t~roi~rn: ~~, in accordance with ~>a~ic~~s ~s~a;~cts. ~rzd;,~~ ;~~a~t; r~,sc~i,x.rc~= assi~;rtxxien~
sc~~~:xx~~s, ~. c~:rt~raà ~~Ã~tto~:~~, sue.~t ~
a se,~tor c;ratttrolio.r' or die like, tnav provid~.~ i-ospct.rct:
sss.iupitneials to ctset= devices.
'+f ~:~~ct 2:~)~3, ~tt the other hand, relates to tesottrc4 ck}t~~: t~#iÃ~it b~;~v~Ke 3~ nod;:~s, such a s :~c c.~ess ~.ennxinals, so ~~.t th~~ access ~:mzinals nta~ not req~.~;st resource ossirfi:n.~;i:-Ãti.
Rather, torni3tz;-Is may t;oiii:eiid anian.,_~ theinselo'es for available resources (>:=:_&, f',eqt.tertcies, channels, subcat-riurs, tot:is;s, e/c.. At '2102, a nodo tnky contend:t~ra subcarrier indepertdenAly of other sEtbcs.me.r5. For irtstaatce. Nxvhen av-aiÃ:tbde battdwidth Ãii*a>> bc clividwd iszto aepaxa- t~, a.ttd d.isÃittc# srabc:.arriers, a rcqmst-tu-soÃtd (RTS}/:c#oaiYw-.
aetad (C-TS) protocol may be ext3ctrEs.d for each s.t~bc;arrzet-ict:dc:p;:ndcatlv. An ac='=--ss tcniiiÃia[ t3iav transmit ait. RTS sigma{ over a sÃ;t of subearriers_ :tnd nuay dr Ãe-rtnÃtt.e.
-whether a subset of the contended su bcaxziers is available far use, drinxtg a subsequent tra#:tstrzissioi;t, at 204. The. d.eÃex=mir.tatiran. of sftbcw=ÃiLr availabiXivvznar be buud on,.#~.~.r ins[iine~s;:. CTS signsls rec-oix ed over aIl. or a s.ubset. oft~le Ccst~Tei~c~~~! wu~r<~rzaei s. 11-tiss the acce.ss torrsiinal i~ay- not st.ibn:iit a requc:st _far a p.redc:tcrrntitte;d ti3fi33be;i= of subm.rr-iers W.td. ti'Vait tct rucc:i~~e -a stibe=at-z=ae.t= usMwzxc~xa:L but t.atlacz= w..
~v submit an KI'~ ov~r oach specific sEibca:rrie:r over Nvhich fti4, terinii~~ ~~ould likc t~.~
lraiisitit.
1003 t1 figgy. 3 is an iltttstration of a mahodoloigy, 300 tlaaÃ. fileiiitatcs pctfom;ffigg .t. multi-hop wirelcss anze.st~ ac-Ãwork modium access control (Ã4f.f~~ ) pratve;aX.: in ;tccQrdwicc wttli ottc or nlUrc; aspects described laere#ii. At 302, a particular subc:irrier itiay be contwnctcd for independently of costtert~imi :t'or any At :+04: <1 tuqt.tc:qt inwy- bo trarxstniteed that indicates a desire to erwtsmit a daut p=k:it o-vor the caxitws;dt:d subcarrier (e.;. , atx RTS) ;vidiict a portion a.f'acraflable.
~~~vvidth -Ã1-iaà is usod 1.0 for multzpIe.-access, Poztiatt of vailable bandvvidt.h may be soziie laortlc.~zt lcss t#zau :M avai!i.ta'i~~ bwxclNvidth usod for multiple access in a wireless Gomaxun.icatir~~
ea+>.izcazxmo.rxt in wlaicI3 method 300 is cnrjxlczyLd. Upors recc ipi: of agnarzt a C:TS
signal or soine otlior fom-i of approval) of the contcz3&4 sctbcarrÃc:r at 3W
ffte zn3~lboct tt.tay.~ pr=od tc.~ 308, ,y0i4r~ ~dx data. paklza in-ay Lv tn, rYsmitted <Yvor du; Cenlunded subc;zrr.ier(4).
[f~~~~ NV:ifikt regard to a multi-hop i-vim-loss mesh nc;uvztrk.n-iediw-n access oanerr+l, approaches niaNf inctz.zde carrier sezise a-vo#tli]7ce (CSMA/C A), rtnd x~ qn.ust-tct~s~~xc3.'cl~ ar ~c~ ~ t~~i (R:1'S:CTS). CSN-:A/C,.rA. is.z.protocol .f c.tr c:~a~-ri.ex t,r:czt.znirssion i.n. 802A .1 nLhvc3rla.s. For irtstwcc~.
-vvhen a user det=.lc(; has' tl;stc-t to sencl, ihi~ tzse.r d4vicu~ sonses'thk cltmzzz.el to sce if it is idÃ~:~, 1f'thv ctz:ztanel is icTlc, thQÃa thez.tset= tÃs; vicc tranattxits filzQ data, otlzonvis~; tl7c tssor backs off '1'.or at-xztlont po'riod of tinac; laefo:ae it sc:zaso-S llae chaltr.zt;l agg"aitz. I:tz a. ztx~:=s'.11, ttel.rtio:ck ezt4 ~r~aÃtzn~ zti: ~N1YC:xc all users mav not bo. able to commtsztica-C~.~ w-ith eaGit ctF1Yor, CaMAIC.l leads to a"ltltWt ztode'>
problein ~Nvlt.erw a tÃskr may \-c:t3sw ttie idle and staÃt. cendi.ng data, creating wadesirabiy, hi.gla ini:e.r.Yerenca~~ at ane:rby rc;c.,tti.ia~ iiodi= (e.>.g .
whetx tlt.t? user could zaot l:sea.r the tnuismitting no~.~=}.
IfM391 The R:f'a/1:'TS protocol mitigates the hitldwtz node problt;iii. For instanct.
wlictt~ a Fzser device; it.a'. ttala to send, tbe user device ina3s sevd. an RTS si~Qnal to the ret'~L=Ivi;-JE:, :3.n~ the mGCdY'C'.T SGi3.ds a CT'S shpt;zl to tlte IntttsztxitCoz' w.id all stzrz'ounciirzg 1"tTS or ta C:TS,'theza. the node doc;s tiot i7se; ti3L eh-annel ftir a spccifierl pL ziod of Y#ai-te, :zz1d refa;zin.s from z;~ndinw RTS., CTS or dat.~. RTSICTS eliminates t13.~.~
birlden xicatlo prob.Iem wktett. all -user dc~v.-ze,;:~s 13avo tlie swat~.~ ~-.~YSt-ni.t powe.~s- bz:a znay c.re4Ytc.-;ut "expos~d zic.~de, issue where some user tiet. ic4s do t:zot t.~.~zjis7nit evzlx 11'10aR~h tlxev NN.-ozz.lci not collide wittz, nny other user devices. Moreov,,r, the 13i~deii i3orle prctbTez-n returns to R"iSlCIS iv1icrt ntzdes ltave cliffieroxzE truisrta.it potve.rs.
~00401 A tnYtlli_pte acf;ti:'ss aCltezztc.~ divides tlzc av-;z:ilttl_~le t3atYdwidtl3 up iztto szrbcarri4rs. Available bandwidth is th~.~ b~idvvid-dt, that 7nar- bc xitilized ky. a user c~~ ~~icc for data t~zt~~~~~siozt_ RTSr'CTS is ent.~loy,~ d azt each subcarries.r, <uzcl user de vicc:s coatteaid izttielji:MClz.cttly oit each suliarric;r. Aii asynchronous hybrid arztc.~sztn:tic z=i:lae:tt z=eq~zest protoeoi is utilized fioradcled re.lial..ailit~vartd to fznprovoanda;1lox3r for more a s~,s~rc e ratc prediction. Additiolzall~ , equal trartsniyÃ: Pi-a~t~~-t;r sp~;ctr~'~t rle~tsrÃx.- (PSD) po~c=ur control xztw. l.~e -cztilizt:d to allow for drff:eretzk traxzsrazi~.'~~~e~s. For irzstwzca~" xtser l. ~.
devices with gÃ~eater'trarzszrztt. Pcs~.~Ier cx; a.chxev'e WO, xeÃ- peak,.ndes ky ttfilizing ixxore baixdtv:idth, while user fio-v.ices Nriib 1i~4ser tm. asmit poxver tx.titize.1ess b.mdwid.th bti# still ac~ie,vo #iie. eqttat PSD.
10041J Dividing the spccumn iÃato tnÃ.titapiK: stÃbeaxriers lx.;ts ~:'vi:ra1 i-Wvan1.~g~:=s.
Fi:rst, it allows f'eÃ= s.va.tiistiG~".A of load. Secorxd, user d4x=ic"
coi}tetxd. fo't- an anxaun-i of Uatxdwici'th needed basud on11xeir btt1=f.=4r sizi, aiid. rate predic6fxn:t.licx-tvs for Ãnom efficient {tsis of the bmdivid#h. The Ãx~~tl.~-t arà i~ à s also ;3rot-.ide for izstc.rfbrmwe.
aÃxd. spatial Ã.Ãsage =c.=aÃi:tticxns_ 10421 IRTS/CT'S may be iml7l.:.meÃxw. d on e:x.ch s'ttbca.rricar using usxe:
or more of a vuriety fa:i'appronctxcs. Okxe. approach involves cfxnfendY_ng Ãndep:=?nd~.~rt'tiv on e:tch st.tUc..~trd,:=r xÃii to send tlxe TUS.' and CTS ovur the mtire stxbcirrim A
secanci. approa.cix Es to contc;Ãxd jointly across stxbcarriers a.net then encode~ f1xs; data packet aca-iss the aÃ.acoes sfully achiewd sctbcarric;Ãs. Wlxen across subeaz=rje'Ã.s, a transmitteÃ- rtxay. send a !-bÃt RTS on -atl saCth4 desired sa,bc~'riers a:nf-I 'ctrÃiize tl3e subaet of subcarriers eii which it receives aC7'S siVxal. Aftcmmiti=e1F 'tiie transmitter may iEtxd.icatL apr%f.e.n;ixcto list of subca.rgters.
100431 A;;yt=tdhr.caÃxaus hy-brzd automatic rs;i7ca.t rzqtÃe.st: (Async ]IN[2Q) is ttulizcd for Ãrroro, <-Vgrossivem io paed.if*t.ioÃk. In asymcimucxtzs ~ARQ, itxe f..Ã~Ã~smift.t:r swnds a.
patwket a.txd lfxoks fbr.w ic.icrÃe.~w-ledget3:te:Ãxt that the packet w:ts successfully seÃx.C. :ff tlle ACK is zxol ret;.eived, thezr tlto xÃsordev.it;e schedules aixd st:,txd.s zt s#:scond packet, Nvhif;h consists of Ãncrentertta.tly reduxxdaÃxt Ãnf-vm:tiFon to assist v,cfth deotdtng the first pa&e-c ilxe ixscrLmertUly wdnndant inforauatioxi may prmv~idc bottor pxrforxxiaixc~;
than a simple ro;x,tiition cnde, --ov'13~ch would be aohi.emyod byttxst Ã=i.~im szlxiltiY:-g 1Ixc daut.. .111 a~ c t~~~t~oxtaiÃs .~nt:~~ ~ t eti rc.traxxs.ixxis~i~xx sttb-~ac~e~ ts 4c~~t.f~~11~'d. Sow:tclt. sx.tb-packet contends assixÃs~ RTS/CTS.
fP044I Vig. 4 is an iilustimtio73 of a..,}xc;t'llodolc,~, 400 for restr.it;tinLYRTS md CTS b-ant~Nvidfil'i '~o fite:it.itafe ÃÃ.Ãdcpeaderzt sctb~~er cmtezxtion, in accoÃ=d,.~tnce -wztx 0z1e or rtxc.~Ã=e :tspecis. For instanco, eqm-tt transmit power spectral density (.~SD) po=wer colxtro3 may be ttt1l.izod in cm~gt7icbon wit33 the various aspocts descrÃbed hct=c:iix. *kor RTS/CTS 'Ão nx.i'tiggalf; 'ttic hidden .Ãx~.~tie'pÃob1.eÃx-Ã., caf<Ix a trÃxzs.rna'ktztxLT nodonx,~y be made :ible to hear a C:T-S 'fronx nodes wit~~ AvlÃicJÃ i'es'~~tstxtiss~f~Ãts itxtet=l:i;re_ This'stxay be n.eTxiox:ed byst:lecting a. nioximitx-ix tmtzsÃ-ix.it Xsr~w. e:t= speclmdS
density -foÃ= ilxi.~ nehy.o&'. 'ft4 RTS. C7=S, and claCa. may be transmitted at. this PSD fxveÃ= adefiired.
sttbcarÃ-ier. Moro specififlxe sLvxz,-,x1 may be tmixsÃrÃitted at a known P:PSD< whi.ctx'zÃx~.~c~
txf; tht:
1.2 Ã~~i-xÃwrÃm PSD,, mL.'r t,t Sb3bs-et of'.f(li: siib'w',S=t.t=z=iet= budwi.dth to allow :i'or alloodes oi'a suhcarri.ers span I MI:17- of batxdwidth, -Ãi-ie RTS mri CTS may bG
transmitied over I UIx of Nmcivvvid:th, aIT.oNvin{x for zx "0 dB 4t'natitic i-,:m,_gc: in sttp pcarEc dtraw,,mit. paU---ors_ Dma mat he; sc:nt at or tx-lc,~rv tiio In.r~Nv.Ã)PSD. 'T'iiats, ttÃc hidden node canditio~i may i.3c 10+0*51 According t:o, the nnethod: at: 402: em RTI;e'C'T'S t4chnique ma-v ix;
.iait.zaleci in caniuÃlcfi~ti vvifh ~~ wynelzranous t-TNRQ protocol. RTS aÃad CTS hmizi.-vvidth may be rwstricÃ.ed to -a#ilize less than theffilliiaLa suhc,amcr iyatiÃiwi.dth, azici Ãranstaizt.-te.d at a kncs-~.vn PSO. ;Y>Iiic;h. may fie a mmi.azttna PSf.3 e:hat: ancxie will ciiilizu for ciat.F.
tmlsmissioll_, Ovut= t~le rcslricti~W band-vc-idth, whi.le ltie dat-a ntkv bo tmisÃ3~iffed a-vc;r tlio over gmated subcaxrierM using all available baÃxdwÃdth and at -Ãh~.~ 1*aamva PSD.
Act;ordiÃtf,õ -to afliet aspoas, sttbcarrier bwad8viddi f~.~r the RTSUad t'.TS
tni,;Itr ho rwst.ricwd, and the R'T'S and C:TS mav N umnsmitted af thei,.riOmVn PSD
cA.>c:r-0hc:
restricted beand-width, while tli~: data is trasisfni.ÃÃc.d over dxe subcas=Ã=ie} a9: less -thm. the niax,iÃiitÃrn, or iEnuvvn. PSD bz3sed on rate prcdictioti. This. .Ãsp;:ct atso aitc3vvs ftsr a nodo wiCTi "t.nznNitilltÃn i:ÃaÃisrn:itPowe:r e~,~txstt=aiaY to tsttili,7ethe wtire'~~~~~N.ddYh e~~zn if the 13C)dL' does nt3t lIi3:-ve stkff3.c1t;:nt 130t1e.t' to tf"Fi~. i)si2i#.t zit thi: knov~,sà PSt3 overthi; entire -w-hilz: RTS/{.".TS si~,,,nWs ar~. ", -isiiÃittcd ovc.r ~~ optimized partion, Uf:ax=ail:ibli~
hasiriividt;h t.ondfiggate winecessa:n- hand~.~~iÃtth eoÃ-is-Lini.ptaon ind to red-tace inte:rfere~Ãi:ce.
[Ã30461 Tig. 5 is an iiitisfmtio:n. rsfa ii-iothode3l" -, 5043 fiar izicispc>Ã-identh-f contendzq,, for suhcarz'i.eÃ~s in a ti-vixeiegsmesh -network ccxn#:i-oI, in accordance r4ith various aspÃ;cts. At 502,,u Ii.~~>,~'SY/CT>.T
prot{3cC?l w1-Gh -l3t'Ot1c11i8HARQ! may be iiiifinted to p;",niiit BttbCat't'ict' conlEniion between nodes in ~t ~i~i~el~;ss s~;t=i~ic~: :~r~;~.. ~~.t ~~~~, ~~a~ ~'~~S st~c~ss~~.~.
t~~~;cb~: set~t ~az~er ~. ~~ si~=i~~;;~ ~~.~xfx~.~~a of avaabie banc~mi-iddi* a~ a PSD ffi~.~r is -tlie smne as a kakcwÃi PSD xÃsed tuÃ= sendi~x6r daUt Uansmissions, -mad zshich ma~: be lv-,s than fh4kno-wm PSD. cshielt may facilil;~te reducing unneces.s Ãry Addifiomfflw', t:he. Imv-er PS;O -Ãt}ayf.:icil"ataÃ~.
mciuc:ing an. ex pmeci tÃode iondiliojz, in t~ic cwse csf'1;.TS. because sending fhe.RTSi1 the IoNier PSD Wis the ofi~'~:.cC o-f aotif,~ting oiaiy those CIt:1f1~E.<s that.13iay actually c;x-perience 1Y1t{;;1'ffSi1371Ce dt1Y3.i3g data, t:[~[I3sk1'#1ss157i1. At y06, a C't'S
sLglla1, Whkh has i,t;on YtmnsÃiii.ÃC.Ld at the kwow.Ei 1?SD, may. be maeived tc.i c.ii*sÃxz=e ftzat.Th.e coati:rxd4Ãg iacdes heardÃc C-TS.
FOr exunple, atI jc:.cess terialitt:tà may cliQosu to -itse mon batad,~.viclffi than t~ie. access terrninal calx suppc~~t at'iiic. inaxirtauni PSD for a miznber of reasoxis., surtx ;~s -wheti ttz~.
access -Ãs:.rnxixtaI lirt.s s.t',tfficieni data to fill tbc; banc~.~viddi, %~he..a the ttscr dm~ ict Sc,rise-s the Gham3e7. idle for purtod of tynx;;,, or oliz:;r h4ttrEstÃcs.
100471 St;.ver.a.~ was'iatiotis cwi. bo appli, d to 'U'S/C'T.'S ~:at= hc;Ãlcr spalial tLttsc, ia lacro mom nodes atv tzansmittrtng :at ttxu same time ial a speci.raily O:Ffcic:nt: Wheix ikto ~~,SG.line~ version of RTS:CTS t4 wsett :~i exPost=d node condition may coccxtr s~.'bGrc:itx sortie u.st;rs im prohibited trom -YratistniÃtimy, L-ven thou~;h theirtra:ttstxtissi.ott wc7uld -iiot cause siguifficõtnt tnYe.r.i=ere;nce~t) the R'T S/G'i" : rr,as.=ms;d -wan.srnissian. Moreove.r., RTSlC'T'S protocols m.ty, attempt to at;Ixieve a where- -i1xe inlerfete~~ce power at the rec6v-cr is 111,11ch Ie~q, diatl t#rle thcrtnal 110}se gnz~~~:.r.
100:181 Fig. 6 illustmaesa. t3-iothoda~~gy 6Ã30 for iiz3pm-tring spatial r-ottsc: by utifizi~g a C'I'S sigtiai as a pilot .i4r.-,m opetx loop a4~wuxl gl:izl tvstit=ttn.-tte, ira accokl;a.twe w-ithi:trioYts aspects. For fnstwYce, a1602, an RTS/C.TS pratocol titsÃitg aaynchuonat:ts 11,kR.t? i4vhniques maybL initiated to pe:n.nit sltb;w.arri.er coti-tcti:tioji bs;Ã-ixÃ.ert nodes.
Oitce aiiode has riceived a CTS indic:ttiiz~ that atiorizer izoda;, sucii ag an access io. irxt or another access termirial, has woii =t'fa.t= contention for a parÃ.~cuhir subc;arrier or subcatriens, the n.adema), tissw fhe. CTS simtxa.Ã as aal open-loop pilot.
signnl to pWrforfii chantn.c;l. gaiti estirt3ation, vtc., ax 604. At 606, open loop inler'et=eucc;
levels may be conlixutd. to a tltetiiza~ noise .I.oz>el. In order to ezksu.t=e Ãl-xat.transwtsstc'ra .ts pGriti.illed over a subcarrier fl-iat has bc.Lra grauitc.d to ano1Cx~r ~iodc ky 1t2o Ã;TS, PSD
and trai3sz3iissiol3 pcsNver levels for RTS anc.~i data trarasniissions tnay> k- selcetuz# at Is;ss-t.hw3. mxsinYum lcvols, .tt 608. -Mts, RTS and data may be sent: at apo-we:r.~evei that resutis in a tas;:--Ãli wi-mx3xYZnut=tt. I?SD, arid th~.~ transrz=t.ilÃer zt-tay, he ab#.o, to -~=roc:eec:i vd~ -0ae tt:tusmisSiot=t.
bi;caiist; it NO.it a:lot ynÃc:r.fiero with I13enu&-tiaa:t -%zon tlae cunlended stitbcartit;r, even Ãhrmi;;13 tht;~ C'-TS indica:ting sticli was recwivod.
1.00491 Fig. 7 is rw illustration ofa.mahodot<gs~ 700 for st:loaitjg a~~ropri'att;
PSb aftd. tr~~tstrtissiott potN. ,~r le~~o1s -to mitigate in~'1'feieil~.;e wh;;'.li ti=flll;i113ilt.ttlg i3ti%i:T' sitbca.rÃ-i.ers for w-1ii4~immottis;r iio~.~e has won ca7itetrtioti, in accordance va-ith some aspects. M. 702, an RTSdCTS protocol may be initiated -to pem.iit siYbt;a:rrier conwnL.ion between Ã=todes in zt wi:rz:Iess service art:a. At'704, a CTS si<rm-d tiaat ha.s been rLi:ek-ed may be tzse:d as a pilot signal for channet gain i;sttniaiion and th41zk4. In this manner, method,7[1Ã} p;;.t-txiits the- tranfinsTtter to opctatem ata 9ntt;:derenci--ltnaited level instead of a theranai-linifted level. 'nxus, ~petz-loop-cot=trpxite=d intLrfet=ent;.e power atay be 1.4 compared to a pz=edeterzit.iti4d pet'xnisst~le. tnte-de:tetacL level, a -706, rat{ter-tltati to a l.lxwniiai noise luvei, -as described above i::itli. regard to Fig. 6. Tlxc, pmdEicmiined perxni.ss.ibtÃ; i.at:er&ronc;c; IÃ:vGl,nxat= lae specified im m.intcrfer~~~ce, level rsver-thimal (101), sttcii #hat. 101' j:~-horc I is the it~tc-jfor,:.occ power and N is the the EYna~
tioise pot~~er. 'T.U transmittu may aoir,:athÃ: W1'S iramrnissio:n povv4' rat a gÃven, PS.I3.
Mtd the daia trdmsmasszoa putFLr at: tlxe giYro.rr PST3 or lmvur, in ord4r-ta ensu~~ that the RTS and d ata inin sniistiiÃ7n s axe pc;rnxittwÃI <3ver a sÃi bc;zmic;r ihat I3as been wx.r:u-ited -to anoChor Conte-tading node, at 708. Itt ttiis mumir, a no& that has lost cottwntioti for.i.
dÃ:-si:n>d subcarri.er may still #.ram4it: over the snbÃ;ame.r w. it:Iiout intezfe:ri3V NÃfz#b thà r:i0d0 ilxai. has i>>on the ccantmiif>Ãa theri for.
fm'5tlj 'Fig. 8 iflustrates a. mott:~c,-~dolo&y gtIO for titili..zi~ig a muIti.-v-aiuvd C."'i 'S' to a nodo to tr-m3sti-tit o-i c;r a su.bcanis:r -tIiat.13as bic:.ta granted tt-r another node. tvittaout. iÃtte~Ã.~r.'tzag ,t if.h th~:. W- zc;r nodc:, in ac:corda~tce with one or iiiotc: aapecis.
:kt 802, i3t't RTS/CTS vvitli 14:'kRC,} protoÃ:=ol may be employc d- tÃ.~
pt;.c'sti.it s0cwrier M804, amulfi-vaIuv at the Ãinxc of CTS t.nummissicsn. At 806, a node tlhat Izears -tilz C1"S, bnt th at IosLs, contention forthe subcan-ior(s) forv~-bicb t~ie CIS is prrsv.icied. may=
select a transrRisSitin povve;:r iÃ;-vol aiicl. aPSD le-vol for R:.CS and data tra7xsmass.Ão7i as aflsanction of tl34 CTS vilue=.
[00511 For e.x.tÃtap~e, a two=i=i.due C'I;'S (c3r a c atx.cc,-wher-~. ~i is an iiYtegor) taia~~
be itiiIized iti ct~t~jut3ctÃots mvith the for~~,going. A node may nomiatiy send a CT'S vil-uo of 0 in response to an RTS. ~Ic~3x>~s>cr if a tbrus-hoi.d tiu.tiibLr of );TARQ
mtran4missio3ts has been the rzodu znav send a C:TS 1=-Wue of I in response to w-t RTS..
1.faaather mode reccivÃ; 4 a CT~ value of 0, thun it may be pem3:i-tted -to trxtlism:it its 'RJS
zitid Ãtan. . -at am oNi31ocrp'I:1SD, creating int.,rfimnco tap to the systc;ni ta~ get TOT Ievoi. If ttie, :r.aoÃI~. r~.~c~,~ivw:s a C:'!'S -wiIuo of I, tlxcÃt it maybc: pem#.tied to tratYsÃt~"it the KI"S and dam3~ an npe-ii loop PSD ÃittÃÃ;h less than the IOT Ie:-vel. Additiorta.Ã C-TS
-valucs mW. be milizccl to targot Ãntet-Emn4s; s:qtiat to X% of tlii IOT for different values of X, where X-tf rcpz-escuts the sfaadarÃi C'I'S svhiah blocks ix~n~zr~iss~ Ã~n.
100521 'Fig. 9 is ati illustt'atioii of an aecc=ss to-miinat 900 tltat.fac.iii~t,,i[:e:s xnÃ:Ãtiutii access control in a mu.tti-.hop Nvirs:le:ys niesh network, in accorriaaicÃ.~
wit1~ ~no or more aspc;ets. Acce,ss torr#akiaI 90i7 oorz~prises a ruceivur 902 t1iÃti receives a signal via, for insta~ace, a Ã=es .eive autetma (not shmx~7.i), -md performs ts>piÃ:al acdans thereon (c:g., 1.5 #~i~tura, ampliflc;s, dmvrzcor.iveiU, e?fc.) the received s~gnai mad digi-lizes th~.~ conditioned ci~;~~c~s~u.t~i~;~ .r~cz~~'i=c~ s~~txxh~ls an(~ p.i~c~Y~~es ih~~n tt~ :z.
pzcscc~ssfTr ~3Ã?Ã'i ft~r ah~.at3i:t e,.Ai.mation mi~.~I atlaer ac:tions. Processor 9Ã16 rna~t be: a pr=ssc.-~r dc4cac:d 't.n anWyzing informataotx rccr;ivwd by Ã=ecLiver 902 and/or ge.n,: atting irxtomiatÃon f:oi= tmixsrnissiosx bt-a. tramsmitk~.r 914. a. processor that: e-cxntrcxls cme, or nxom components of acc4ss t4x=lxzilxal 900and/c;r a processor that bcaÃl-i ;zn:xl{:zcs info.rnxa.t:ion.recoired by i-ecoivir 902_ generates ttifori'9T'1t'it3n for tr~.t38tI'tisSioil"b5fninsYElt'~tig 914, ii3.1d contrs-A8 one or more, CaMpcxsxti.nts of;:xx;cu;;s Ã:::mxim.41 900. Addit.i(xxxal,Ãy. Ptxaces,o:r=
906 may be opem Ãi-veky asscxii atedivith a ccxrxt~~rxdixxg module 916, ivix.icta rrs.i-y- exeeui:e in:~~ictions for co3xt4nding for suhcarrio:rh:, :i~idivir~ualiv or in scfs, inde:pendctxtiy of c.oiIt~.~xiding for ofhvr sUbcarri,;rs or sets of sabcarrxs:rs_ 1'rocvssor 90(1 n=x~v further be couph.d to a detormini.xi; t-zxodxiii 918 that detsmuittev~vhcÃhez= 0110 ox= mcxre cc.~lxt:ndcd subcarriers is ~v:~i~~hie fu~= tt~3~snxissi~sns. ~'o~= ix~si~xe~, t~ete~ni~xi~~~; ~a~~:~~x~~:
~zx~~~ e~ecLYÃ~ ~nstrfxeti~~-~s fOr pC6cxrnxinsx _RTS/C:'I'S prcxtocols, for comparing .iiiterf:orc.hixce axxdfor fl3emxa1 nrsi:so levels to aix.~. or iiiarc predeturix.xiat.d ffixoshold #.e-smts a.xxdrÃc;iz~nx3ining -%~ixetÃs.ex= to adjust -transxt=xission potwUr lLvoIs tc) pCrnIR-trwisnxissic>nover a contended sabcarr=ier, etc.
100531 Acccss ten}iiiuil. 900 cat~ additionally comprise x3zeixi~sry 908 that is Operatizeel y coxipled to processor ~X)6 and that ma-y- siorc data to be traixsin ittcd:. re ceived data, wd tlxc: like. .Menicxry 908 ma.y stom ixx.i:orm;~.~kicxrz relaseci to thresho3d i~xt* .r.f:er~.rxc~
or rxoiso levels..prvtoLols l-b.rpor#ox-xnirx~ 'R7'S/C.TS; ~IARQ protocols, transxx3issiota power Iei=e1 a44j3xstment protocols, etc.
I0U1541 It will be apprc:t;iatt.d't.T-iat'tIxe data stcar4 (e.g:, ~ixe-naor, 08)di:scrihed herein c= be cÃ:Ãhox volaGilc' :rxwr.t~~,~z'v or nowvc~lat~~le nxerzxory.. _ or ca:cz iucltadc hoth.
vcxiatile auid no,3x.-o!at:iÃe a~e:~non ..B-,,r wav, Qt iElustrZÃ:ion.. .tnd xxot. linxitxakwn, rxanvL?ia-t.i1c.;
i3ic;txxtxry: can inclx.krie read cr~~ly memoy- (RC3N1), prz3gramnmWe P.O.M
(PROM), olectrieally prog mnnmbli :RWN1 (EVRC}NY), el4ci-60rÃ1Iy emsihle PRO:'vI
(EEP.~OPYI)> or thish xxz4=mor}: .'}"OhtiilÃ: tx=tcinorY c'!an include r~dotn wc'.=ess mexris3n> (RAM), 3vhieh acts :ts o~tornat eae~ic xncinory. %, s~,;iy of ilttistra#ion wid 1-lot i.inx.ita;;==ion, iZAN4 is .~~~ aiItible in n.~~.zi~.~ ~:orzins s~.ch. as st=~.c;tx.rcc~ÃxoXis :~~~.:1~I
(S~'kNI), c~c~:n<xna.i.c. RAM (D:~.~.~rl.), s~r~xctxxc~txUi}s DRAM (SI?R.:VvY), double data #at:e SDR:kM (DDR S:0RANNI), effl=ced SDRAN1 (.F SOKANT), S-yxzchEink DkANI (SIlDRA:1~Ã)> md dimct Rambus R:3.N1 (DRRA.M), The memory 903 of the subjWct sy-stostxs cctad xnidiods is yzxtanded to co,rii}xx=ise, without bsixi; liiixiTed To, these mad aay oth;r suitable types of sner.xiory.
1.6 IÃ~tÃa"151 Processor 906 is ~..~rdi4t= opeznfivwly. caLtp;;ed to tm rttsmitpe.~w"s:r cotztz-olIer 9 1.0, %~slxida inay aqjust a txansnzit povver level for oixe. or irtore of a RTS, mcssage, a CTS
messne, a data. .E]1LS5kge in order to per1-itiL f.Y'ct1'i4mis:S.FC>i'i U-vGr a s3.EbCa3'l'iL r f0~~fi=hkh ans,'~thcr node Exas 1voEi conls:rtti.on, as dcscribod abam:. .rkc:ce:ss tomiinal 900 still ftirtlic:r compr#sus a xttod-ul-aor 91:2 anda. t.ratistnit.tkr 414 that tm, tisna.its tise: signal to, fo r instanco, :t. base SÃt3tion, an a~:~cQ.Ss 1ao.int, a.nothor access temina1, a ronxote rtgemt. e.tc.
A1tlzoaaw depicted as being separatr:l=rnm the processor 906, it is to bo ~qYls.re-_:iai:ed #.hal transmit po-vver controiler 9I0 , contending y-notttile 916, andlor deW:miiniiV niacltile 918 may bc; patt of processor 906 or a ~i-arn.hvr of proc~.~sscz:rs 10t31-56j T'i.g..I.0 .is an il1usIm L7.i?n of a :4y-sÃem 1.0Ã30 t1rat facilitates atiju.sting t~~smit: poiv-cr t-o pei-iiiit trmisrnissiotk mv-or a subcaE=rict= that daas beizlr vvan by. ancsftr coiit.ending noc1,:, vvifl3mt interfcring-3s~ith tlic: lvifrning yiodc:, in accordxics; 'vvit.h on4 or t~~~ar~; ~xsps:cts. ~;~ ~toz~~ :it~~3~t ~.o~~t~~rzs~~ ~ ~s~c~:.ss ~.~oi~iC
~t)fT'~ ~~=.iÃli ~ rc:.~;~;.ic~~;..a= 1 t~ ~C3 ~ktat receives ai~~rW(s) :Ãroin ocre Orr clloro user devices 1004 t.hromg1i a plimA.itv af-mceive m-mmas 1Ã306, anki a transmitter 1022 tl-iat tra.nsinits to the. ow or more tiser ~cvioi;s ~.4t~~ tlx~~~~l~ ~~:r~s~t~ie;~xzteax~~~ 1~~~~. ~t~,:Ct4t1~tL1' 3.V.t i.~]
CGC42114 I1~i.C3rII1%1C1L?~Y 3.[C?I3~
r4ceisv i1.ntC';m.s 10Ã16 md is opLra.tiveiv associated vviÃ1:-i a de.modu.tatvr it)t'' -Ãtiat.
dv;niottiitaie:s re:cs-;:ivtdinfonnatioix. Dumadt~latiti sy'nsbois ar~
ami.l;yzed by a processor 1014 that ca.~i be sinii.iarlo the procosst3r descril,aec1 abox.v wir:h rz>gard to M& 9, md 1i'11ICh is 4mylod to a Lk1Gmo'iy. 1016 IIi-a-f S$oXes l.[T.(:bfTii<it3o~'~
t'okued to subcaf=$E.YO.r contontion, ti'a31smit power a4JL18tmi''t?Y. and/or any oÃ1ker suitable inf~n-mmtid~~ re1ated to ped'orÃti,iÃig tho warious actions ;tiad functions sLt forth hL rLhl..
104-571 Proctowsor 1.014. naay. be ffirther coupled t:o tra~~smz;;s.ic~:rz.
PSD adjuster 1018, 1vb.iGb' T1Y3y "Idj-tisÃ:Ix-misxnrissiozi 1~wNve:rto achi~tre a dcsired PSD. Forexamplc:, transmission i'S.Ã3 actluster 101.9 n~av ~Wjtast a t.r,zi3s~~.~issio:n.
porNvor Iez= oI -ta achlzat>s; a tarbet PSi3 for ~ii RTS signai, a CTS sigpia1, a da#7, traasmission, E>.te..as d~~se-,=i1ei1 abo-ir'c with mgard to various i?dw.l= i:1>~'aptiCt.S.
W '8 1 Processor 1014 mkv fur't:hcrbe coYiplecl -Ãoa-Contz,:ndi~~g m<dide 1(}2411ial 12taxi~ t;1eCuti~ ii]atrilCtioiis for CC}121'e3'1ding 1'oT St3bcaais:rS.
ilidii="1dwallT or in s4ts, ztxcle~pcndent1y of contending for u#.1ier sLtbcaarz-i.ers or sets of' su13e;a.rrie.rs. A c1acrmin..ing iat.oduIc: may determine w-Iac;ttic;r coiitezatic;ci sabcarrim sre. available bY :;xociÃ;1nzY
instr-xci.rons fo~- perfonni~~g ff IS,r'CI.'S protocolst for Co~~~~aring iiitei-FirellcC and:'or then-Ala1:110zss: l:ovc:is to ane ox:anore prz4ete:r.n7inocE V3r:sh6Id.1evels and clote~minÃq, X-fli~,:tI'ker to .14i CTst t-#tk2I5211issii7n power l4ti=iIs [L3 p~.3'.II11t uwiS3niSrioa o-vor a cmrtoadid stftarricr, ~~to. Processor [014 ni~~ be fltrdter coupled to amodLilator lC3X'v%=it.'Ãch miay, n-lulf1plcx ass.tgntxrettt Til;Fonnativii :For-transnxissinn by a tran,rnit~;er 1022 1hrotFgii :tntoaxn;t.10(18 to user c~evic~-:={s3 10Ã14. AIthc?ttgh depicted x heinfr se~ar~~:tt. fioz~~.
ptocr:ssor 1014, it is Totx; approCÃatec[ that Ã'ratisttiissFUii, PSD adjusWr !O S 9, modulator 1020, c4ntc:nt,~~ng ttimlt.t.le 1024, and/or dowr#iisning tnL,dttlc 1026, may be part of processor 1014 or a nLti.nbei= a~prucessors (taot: shsmija).
100591 flg,. I I shows an -e=.nxpiary Nvrirelu4s coinrnnnicat.ion systc.m *1 It3t3. The w-Frt;leSS C.~?tI'tÃlti]111CaftC3'S3 Cy,tcni 1100 depicts oiie base station and one, tornlynal for sake of hruvity. Iltsvvzvur; i't: i:; t:cr be app r;cia#:,;d th:a.t tli.e. systwn caix i.n.chid4 xt:xam tlaan. cszae.
base :~~ta:1ictn ;:trtcL/c}r mctt=c~ than oiit:~ tui~~~in.t.l, wiaere.in additional tx Lsu st.aiics.ais aixd{',ar ti:t=in it-i I is can bt;, snhstatiti~I v sitnit4tr o t' cTfffQrwtat -fcar'thr, PN-3~-.mpia.ry hasQ stabion an e~
t"tninal d.:scrfbc:d belo~.v=, It3 addit.irsn. it is to b,: apprec:iati;c!
#hni. thcbasc; stalion :tnd/or tkee lt:.rminal can eirpIoy tltir naethoc~~ (Fig. 2-8) -'MCL/or s~=stc:nls (Figs. :i, 9, .I.0, and 12) di.'=sot'tboci bc.'tx:tix to #acitrune wtrciess evmmuntcaltc3n there beCcv-eett.
[00601 RQ.f.c:rrÃxig tiaw. to'Fig. 1I. on a d oNt t'tlin~., at :t~..~ess pz-rÃtl-t 110-5, a tr;trtsynit (T.:-K) data processor I I 10 rucuiv-es, forxizat.s, ccades, i.nÃerIeaves, and nxoduiatcs (or symbc7l t3xaps~) triftic data :tiid provides moci-aiiaÃion sr:.'inbals (.Uct#.:L s;>ntt~c~ts''~_ A
syknbol modulata~r.t 115 receivas and processes the data. symbols an. d pi#ot :symhols cind pnckici.es a staeain ofs) tnbdls. A s;~zaibol tnodul.Itor 1120 snt_tlti:pt~xes &:t<~ -md piikit ayttxhoIs and prav'zc#cs tlaea.n to a tt'attstzxitte;t unit (TiLST)K} 1120.
Bach, tm. srn.iz st tnl~~~
in,a)> be a data syntbol, a pilot symbol, or a. siEgn~lvatcte of =rct.
'Mepiiot: sy-tnbais n-ta.y be sctit. cotatiiit.tansty iiA each syrnibrsi period. 'nie piiot syt~~bcAs cwi be ft0qttency di-6siun an.txltioi.exed (FDNi), arthoganal fr.4qtteney. div-isio3x mu.ttiplexed {OMM}, diviszoa m.ulti'p1.i~~xed (TUNI);. ;Creqtlency iiivist.m muEt#~lexed (FDN t.), or code division tltuliiptt;~xxci (MM).
I.M61.1 T.M.'.TRI3.20 rLc,,iv.-Ls atidconverts iho si:i::arn of st=mbols .inta oiie or more aixalog s%;ztais aExd ftirthet= cortditaotts (eg., wtt.plif iesr fille-Ãa~, caad fretlticacy t~pcortvwAs) th~.' attakg signals to generate a dounli'nk signal suitabie ~~.~t= t;vaisi-Ilissiu:n vv-e:~ ~e wireless channel, "flie daiv~~~in.k signal i,,;z tlierY tr-,wsmift'd througlFh an Ir~tertna.
1.12j ta the Lumin:lls. At lenr~i.na.I. 11.31 0, <ttz,-m#:etma. 1.'i.314;
wcuives the ciownfin;, sign:ti.
aÃt.~ provides.-t:rs;ocis>eds;tgrt~a.f to a remtx.-er LYt2Ft (RCVR) 1140.
Recuivet~-tittil 1140 conditions (e=.g., fi.tters, a.wlAifi.es_ atxd ftequency. i~owncc~~~erts) the rLceived signal and digitizes the conditioned signal totktzetin satop3ws. Asymb t rleinodu7mo:z=
dkrttodulats:.q,ancfprovides received pzJ.ut symbols -t~.~ a prooessor 11.50 1.8 esÃI.miti~,~n. SyÃ=ztbol. ds:znodittat-ar J. 1=I: fatthvr rGc4Ã1'Gs afxeqtYetzci>.m.spotzse esfimitL
A-ir the dcaw.itli.il- f.i=onx processor 1150, perfvrms data demodulation nn the received data s;fnxbals to obtain d:Ãt>i symbol tsÃi.inat:es {w-bich =- estimates oftho transmitted data s~yEnbi,~Ts).. and pr.ol:icWs tIto d.Ã~,.~i. sytribt'sl o-stiinates t~.s :iÃx RX dztaproci~sscar It :?5T vt>hi.ol-t dontoclttlame (a.e., *-,Ãnbd1. de:an~ps), and docodos the data svÃt3bo1 Osl:iÃuÃt'Us to .rt;cctve.r thuIrailsmiited InafF'tc data. The procs ssiÃ}g ky symbol clc:irÃoduIaicar .1145 and RX ciatt..Ia.rcx:=essar .1155 is ct3mlslementary to the prtsci=sk.iixg by s;:.n117~1 niodtÃIaoÃ= I.,i 15 mt~.-~ TX d.:ita.procLssor 11i0, rcspetrti-%>s;ly, m tacoess poÃiÃt j4t~".x?j C#.iz. the ttlifink, a TX data processor I.I 6t'} proccss" traffic &Aa and proY>idc;s d:ira symbols. A symbol xriodu:I:tlor 116-S .recoit=e4 >Ãtxd mttltiplz \Ls itiL d>ttYÃ.
s~ tn~~sls ~ t>i~h ~ailot ~~-1i1~r~sls, p~ ~~ot~t~s ~t~od~~tÃiot~, ~ii~ ~a~s~
i~~ s~t stto~Ãt~. of. s~ nxÃ~a15. A.
transmitWrtwil 4I70 tt3i.ti =cei~s>~~.~s and processes fEte slt-ewti of svinIyol-sto gsanx;rato an t.#pli.axk- aigttal., which Ã's trwmz-kted by -Ã[io axrkoraÃxa .1135 to ths aocx)5s paittt. 1105.
[00631 At access poit3t 11Ã35, tlie Yipl.in~: sigir-aI fi~om torÃ-i3iiiaI 1130 'is rvcetvW by tIto zirstt;nÃaa .I l211' and processed by a rceei:vc-r iÃnit 1 17-5 to obtiiÃi samp#.es, A st:nibnl ds-mocluIstor ,I !SO then lxrocesscs t2ie. satujxi. s, aa-icÃ. pzovides re;cv.ivcd pilot sy3nb6ls aiiel cl:itu symbol estiniates for ~Ixe: uplink. syÃribcrl esÃimatus to rwovoÃ= ttio traff-ie daut ti-aixsÃnittod by, tern-iffia1 11'30. A prooessor.
1190 perforn-As oluamnei e;stiÃ-kiatirsii for each actix~e fom3ina1 rrai}siniÃ:ting oii the tqilink N-fuI:ÃipIt: wraxirtals at;ky t,ratsmzk pilot eoztcÃ.ÃrÃ-i:a11y art the UpliÃtk on tlaoiÃ- xcspi:ei:it: U
assigtied sets of pilot sttl3bues, vvItere the pilot srtbbwatà sets mdti' bv .in#LTIa"- d.
100641 Processors 1190 :tÃiÃI 1130 direct (t}.gx , ccintroi, ocordiÃiate>
ttimtigo, c?w.) operation at access po.iÃit I105 antl #:onni.tt,il I..I :,=~f.Ã, r.:spoetivi.ty, Respective pmtcssois 1190 and 1~10 can be associated NvitIi xxÃc.x~xor~y units (tÃot sho'kv:q} I~ia store program codes aiid clam. Processors 1190 ;~~iici. 1.150 c:ui also IsLrforin compumÃions to derive frequency aiid impia.lse r~spoa3so estimates -for llsc t3piinl4 and downlink, respectively.
100651 Fot' a xt~ÃfiÃspX~ ~~c s ss systetia (e. i 3=, I 'IA UF UN1A, ~.?NI:1, c>rc. ~> .}tttal~iplo tw't'ntirt.tU can transmit Gom=urrcatltr on the ctplffik. For sut:=h a Svs1:eÃn, t1ic.
pilot sct~bu& t~~~y N-,,sha:red among diE~.~ror~~ tortzi%naIs. 7'hu clumyis;l evi~iatioÃs ÃeLlxui.cÃvcs rnay. be vsecl in c:sst s~~.I3~ .r~ the pi.IoÃ. subbands for c;tcli #enniiial s=P:mflxe <;Ãttir'-w opuratitig I~ncl (possibly excvpt for ttiÃ~ banct edges). Sticli ;t pilot stÃbE3wtd sii=oottxro -,xioxÃlci. be demirabie; to abts:ii-~i :Ã-'reqo4noy divemity. for each ter~irintÃ1. 'Fbe Ãechtii.titÃt:s desoribeti horein rnai- bo irÃxplelaiented by b,aaiot.ts means. F-kir c;x-ample, tbese.
techtÃiqur:s .Ãnzy be implemented in I7.arduwc, sc~~lwarc., or a cormbi~ati~.~tt dÃeroof For a 1.9 ftardw:are iniplc:zslezlta.tiozz, ffle gracessing tiizits tzsed for chanÃtel cstizztatiotz zizav'b4 iEnzplel1-kE.ntecl N-vithin r~ne, or more. ;1pplicatio2x spi:csfic .inte-grated circuits (ASTC.s), diÃ;it:li s.tg lxax processors {L?SJ?s}, cftgttal s.lglxal processing Clevict.s (DSPDs), p.rogt-anxtmab:le logic clQvices (I'L-L)s), field pmgra:czarnat~14 gate -arna.vs (FPCIAs)<
processors< cozztrollezs, micro-conil=oll%rs4 rtii~z o~~ccssUt~. other oIc:ct.ronic u71ii~ de-signÃ:d to pcrforin the functions descri)aed laE~rein, czr;x combination thcreof N16th sai'tis=:zl-e.t i.mpl~=.Uutatif,3zx c:t.tx be tbzr)uglz vxcadttlos :pt'oc,cduze:z. ftnictioFZs.. anci so on} -ttz.at.lxst-.fioma thL
fctnctions described lie;reizz.. fhe: softvsarc ccsdes maN, be stczre-ct in Ã:za.crrtory. iynit and en~.ecu:twd by tli~. pzooes,%tw i, 190 a-ad 1150, 100661 Fig. 12.is w.iilftsE:raticaza af an af.apat;l.tus t.'?t)t} tbxlt facilitates pexfotmi.ng a. iniffli -liap wircl4sfi ancsh nctivorl=: nictliutit acc;.ss QoSitrol (MAt.:) -protactil, in aecorclancc: tt~ith onc or n7oru aspucts deswribod tiorcin. Appaa-nus 72Ã30 is represrtiwd as a series ofislt~~rrz blocks, ~~~)Eziclx Catl ~~zew~tli .fi~#zG~#ratt.5 imlai.etztc#.ztid by a Pr~.~c:=assor, softwire, or coztlbizta.faon iilez=eoiw (e.g., fiz=za-z-ware). For Lxaz3~pic, appar.aws 1200 n~av- provid4 zziot:1aIes for pv-rfomiittg various a.cts-, szz.ch as no dcscrib',~--d :&ove. .A.17pa.rattcs '1200 cotnPris-.s a lnodule= :~or contending 1202 ilia-t contends fol= (v.g., selects, ....) a particEilar ;;tEbc.at=t=iel=or set ufsutrc:wrien~
independently ofc.vnte-ut.iclxft;r=
any other strbea:rr.ie.r.. N-2odt7le for rc;cluestiazg permission 1 ai34.)s o~.arathiciy coupled to a latadtzle for dz Ãertniziins; .tzbt <~l rier a~ ~ilaiaiiit- .l st3~. vv-hic~
generates ztlscl trimsnaiÃ's a rGqttz:si: that intl:i,~ates a. tfesiro to tmzsztxil -a data pacliet pv~~c the cozite-rlded sul3ca.rriQt'(s-) a '41-e;qtzost-t aend") witli in a portion of awaitabie b and,vidi~~ ~~i-ia.t is used fo r mu1tip[e; acccss_ The Poztiart ofavai.lable bandw-idt]:'t may be somefortion less tlt.~~ all availad-Ae izandzvititl3. used for 17;1a1#i.pl:e a.ccess ilx a wir.etLss col3nxunication 4nvironl-Aetai:
x1Rwhii,'it apparatus 1200 is c:mploE'ed. Morllti~,~fot'dctcyt=zxziziitzg sutaca~~:ics a~~tilzzbilitS
.l 2t34:a3ta~y- rc:ecivc: a. Sl;azt (Ãr. s; ,a si'gua.l or :o1ne OYher forlll of h.pprc;vaI) nfthc w13te1}cied stzbea.rricr{s}, upon t=tilllch ai~pan, ttls I200 may employ a n3otl.tlia fra.t=
tir-wzstlkitts.ng, (zior ivtlic-fz trwiwmits the data. fxacket wver-llto conts:ncled s~tb~.a~ier(s).
[00671 For a soft.-aro inspie-zM61taticrn, Aw tc;clznielu.e:s described herein zn:ly be iEmpl.c:.nionteci wi)hrt~~dul.es (e.;. ; praced uz-es~ functivrzs: ~ra.d sra vn) tlia.~k pe.t-fi~mi. the hunctiutts clz.sc.ribed liereiit. The sofit.t}arc; codes m:tx= be atorc;Ãt in mcrsiory units aliii exc cztte:cl by proccssotti. The- ttie:tliatzt tmit nzwy he i1~.~tp1e~norliWcl within t)xs; processor or s;:~tor:ta.t to the p1=acessc;l=, :izz '4=biciz case it ca13 be conztnunicitive1y 4otzpiecl to the processor via variocls ttzeazzs as is .1<xzo-ivrz in the a:n.
[00681 What has been described above includes examples of one or more aspects. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the aforementioned aspects, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of various aspects are possible. Accordingly, the described aspects are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthennore, to the extent that the term "includes" is used in either the detailed description or the claims, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to tha term "comprising" as "comprising" is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
AMENDED SHEET
Claims (46)
1. A method of multi-carrier wireless transmission, comprising:
contending for a set of subcarriers independently of contending for other subcarriers; and determining whether a subset of the set of contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
contending for a set of subcarriers independently of contending for other subcarriers; and determining whether a subset of the set of contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising transmitting a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the set of contended subcarriers.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising transmitting a preference list of subcarriers.
4. The method of claim 2, further comprising receiving a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for a subset of the set of contended subcarriers, wherein the CTS
signal has been transmitted at a known power spectral density (PSD).
signal has been transmitted at a known power spectral density (PSD).
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising transmitting a data signal utilizing the subset of contended subcarriers.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising transmitting the data signal utilizing less than total available bandwidth associated with the subset of contended subcarriers.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising employing an asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol to perform rate prediction.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the subset of the set of contended subcarriers comprises the entire set of contended subcarriers.
9. The method of claim 4, further comprising transmitting the RTS signal at a predefined PSD, and receiving the CTS signal over the set of contended subcarriers.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising transmitting the data signal at a lower PSD than the predefined PSD.
11. The method of claim 4, further comprising transmitting the RTS and data signals at a lower PSD than the predefined PSD.
12. The method of claim 4, further comprising utilizing the CTS signal as a pilot for an open loop channel gain estimate.
13. The method of claim 4, further comprising employing a multi-valued CTS
signal, wherein a CTS value is based on an interference level associated with a recent RTS signal.
signal, wherein a CTS value is based on an interference level associated with a recent RTS signal.
14. The method of claim 13, further comprising selecting a transmission power level for the RTS signal and the data signal as a function of a CTS value for one or more interfering nodes.
15. An apparatus that facilitates multi-carrier wireless transmission, comprising:
a contending module configured to contend for one or more subcarriers independently of other subcarriers; and a determining module configured to determine whether a subset of the contended subcarriers are available.
a contending module configured to contend for one or more subcarriers independently of other subcarriers; and a determining module configured to determine whether a subset of the contended subcarriers are available.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a transmitter that sends a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the one or more contended subcarriers.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a receiver that receives a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for a subset of the one or more contended subcarriers.
18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the transmitter transmits a data signal utilizing the subset of the one or more contended subcarriers.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the transmitter transmits the data signal over less than all available bandwidth associated with the one or more contended subcarriers.
20. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising a processor that performs rate prediction using an asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol.
21. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the subset of the one or more contended subcarriers comprises all of the one or more contended subcarriers.
22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the transmitter sends the RTS signal at a predetermined power spectral density (PSD), and the receiver receives the CTS
signal, over the one or more contended subcarriers.
signal, over the one or more contended subcarriers.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the transmitter transmits the data signal at a PSD that is lower than the predetermined PSD.
24. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the receiver receives the CTS signal over the one or more contended subcarriers, the CTS having been transmitted at a predetermined power spectral density (PSD).
25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the transmitter sends the RTS and data signals at a PSD below the predetermined PSD.
26. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the processor employs the CTS signal as a pilot for an open loop channel gain estimate.
27. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the receiver receives a multi-valued CTS
signal, wherein a CTS value indicates an interference level associated with a recent RTS
signal.
signal, wherein a CTS value indicates an interference level associated with a recent RTS
signal.
28. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus is employed in an access terminal.
29. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the apparatus is employed in an access point.
30. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transmitter transmits a preference list of subcarriers.
31. An apparatus that facilitates performing multi-carrier wireless transmission, comprising:
means for contending for a set of subcarriers independently of other subcarriers;
means for determining whether a subset of the contended set of subcarriers is available for data transmission.
means for contending for a set of subcarriers independently of other subcarriers;
means for determining whether a subset of the contended set of subcarriers is available for data transmission.
32. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising means for transmitting a request-to-send (RTS) signal for the contended set of subcarriers within a portion of available bandwidth, which is less than the total bandwidth utilized for multiple access.
33. The apparatus of claim 32, further comprising means for receiving a clear-to-send (CTS) signal for the contended set of subcarriers, wherein the means for transmitting sends a data packet over the contended set of subcarriers.
34. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the means for transmitting sends the data packet over less than all available bandwidth associated with the contended set of subcarriers.
35. The apparatus of claim 31, further comprising means for performing rate prediction using an asynchronous hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol.
36. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the means for transmitting sends the RTS
signal at a known power spectral density (PSD), and the means for receiving receives the CTS signal, over the contended set of subcarriers.
signal at a known power spectral density (PSD), and the means for receiving receives the CTS signal, over the contended set of subcarriers.
37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the means for transmitting transmits the data signal at a PSD that is lower than the known PSD.
38. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the means for receiving receives the CTS
signal, which was transmitted at a known power spectral density (PSD), over the contended set of subcarriers.
signal, which was transmitted at a known power spectral density (PSD), over the contended set of subcarriers.
39. The apparatus of claim 38, wherein the means for transmitting sends the RTS
and data signals at less than the known PSD.
and data signals at less than the known PSD.
40. The apparatus of claim 33, further comprising means for utilizing the CTS
signal as a pilot for an open loop channel gain estimate.
signal as a pilot for an open loop channel gain estimate.
41. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the means for receiving receives a multi-valued CTS signal, wherein a CTS value indicates an interference level associated with a recent RTS signal.
42. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the apparatus is employed in an access terminal.
43. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the apparatus is employed in an access point.
44. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the means for transmitting transmits a preference list of subcarriers.
45. A machine-readable medium comprising instructions for facilitating multi-carrier wireless transmission, wherein the instructions upon execution cause a machine to:
contend for a set of subcarriers independent of contending for other subcarriers;
and determine whether a subset of the set of contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
contend for a set of subcarriers independent of contending for other subcarriers;
and determine whether a subset of the set of contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
46. A processor for facilitating multi-carrier wireless transmission, the processor being configured to:
contend for one or more subcarriers independent of contending for other subcarriers; and determine whether a subset of the one or more contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
contend for one or more subcarriers independent of contending for other subcarriers; and determine whether a subset of the one or more contended subcarriers is available for data transmission.
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| US60/728,439 | 2005-10-19 | ||
| PCT/US2006/060090 WO2007048118A1 (en) | 2005-10-19 | 2006-10-19 | A multi-hop wireless mesh network medium access control protocol |
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|---|---|
| CA2626372A1 true CA2626372A1 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
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| CA002626372A Abandoned CA2626372A1 (en) | 2005-10-19 | 2006-10-19 | A multi-hop wireless mesh network medium access control protocol |
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| US (1) | US8576872B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1938652B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5123194B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20080068715A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101331787B (en) |
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| US5841768A (en) * | 1996-06-27 | 1998-11-24 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method of controlling initial power ramp-up in CDMA systems by using short codes |
| US8090857B2 (en) | 2003-11-24 | 2012-01-03 | Qualcomm Atheros, Inc. | Medium access control layer that encapsulates data from a plurality of received data units into a plurality of independently transmittable blocks |
| US7729372B2 (en) * | 2005-07-27 | 2010-06-01 | Sharp Corporation | Communicating in a network that includes a medium having varying transmission characteristics |
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| RU2404547C2 (en) | 2010-11-20 |
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