CA2485964A1 - Non-invasive substance concentration measurement using an optical bridge - Google Patents
Non-invasive substance concentration measurement using an optical bridge Download PDFInfo
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- CA2485964A1 CA2485964A1 CA002485964A CA2485964A CA2485964A1 CA 2485964 A1 CA2485964 A1 CA 2485964A1 CA 002485964 A CA002485964 A CA 002485964A CA 2485964 A CA2485964 A CA 2485964A CA 2485964 A1 CA2485964 A1 CA 2485964A1
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- sample
- fluid
- radiation
- amount
- compression mechanism
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract 68
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 31
- 239000012491 analyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract 14
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 22
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 22
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims 18
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 claims 10
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000000624 ear auricle Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004599 local-density approximation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000000492 nasalseptum Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 210000001331 nose Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 206010041235 Snoring Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract 11
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1717—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with a modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during the optical investigation, e.g. electro-reflectance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/314—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths
- G01N21/3151—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry with comparison of measurements at specific and non-specific wavelengths using two sources of radiation of different wavelengths
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1717—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with a modulation of one or more physical properties of the sample during the optical investigation, e.g. electro-reflectance
- G01N2021/1723—Fluid modulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
Abstract
An improved method for non-invasively measuring a concentration of a target analyte dissolved in a fluid flowing through a sample (80) is presented. It includes directing a probe beam (202) of electromagnetic radiation, consisting of time multiplexed components of different wavelengths (.lambda.P, .lambda.R), through the sample and measuring the difference of the absorption of the radiation at least one wavelength pair at different sample states.
During sample state changes, the amount of fluid containing the target analyte within the sample is changing, which varies the total amount of target analyte in the sample, as well as the absorption properties of the sample. The sample states are produced, for instance, by compressing (400) and uncompressing the tissue sample. The accuracy of the presented method is enhanced by including continuous estimation (94) of the amount of the fluid containing the target analyte within the sample, and measurement of the variations of the absorption at a wavelength at which the target analyte absorbs significantly. The method is particularly useful in measuring the concentration of a target analyte, such as glucose, in tissue containing blood. An apparatus for performing this method also is disclosed.
During sample state changes, the amount of fluid containing the target analyte within the sample is changing, which varies the total amount of target analyte in the sample, as well as the absorption properties of the sample. The sample states are produced, for instance, by compressing (400) and uncompressing the tissue sample. The accuracy of the presented method is enhanced by including continuous estimation (94) of the amount of the fluid containing the target analyte within the sample, and measurement of the variations of the absorption at a wavelength at which the target analyte absorbs significantly. The method is particularly useful in measuring the concentration of a target analyte, such as glucose, in tissue containing blood. An apparatus for performing this method also is disclosed.
Claims (30)
1. A system for non-invasive measurement of a concentration of a target analyze in a fluid within a sample matrix, comprising an optical bridge measurement device which generates an output signal indicative of the differential optical absorption an the sample between two or snore radiation beams having different wavelengths, the target analyte having different absorption coefficients for two of the different wavelengths;
a fluid variation device which varies the amount of fluid within the sample between an initial amount and a second amount;
a fluid content estimation device which generates an output signal indicative of the amount of fluid in the sample; and a measurement device which records the output of the optical bridge device and the output of the fluid content estimation device multiple times white the amount of fluid varies between the initial amount and the second amount.
a fluid variation device which varies the amount of fluid within the sample between an initial amount and a second amount;
a fluid content estimation device which generates an output signal indicative of the amount of fluid in the sample; and a measurement device which records the output of the optical bridge device and the output of the fluid content estimation device multiple times white the amount of fluid varies between the initial amount and the second amount.
2. The system of Claim 1, further comprising:
a source for generating a combined beam of electromagnetic radiation including at least two repetitive periods of radiation having different wavelengths, at least two of the wavelengths having different absorption coefficients for the target analyze; and a mount for positioning a sample within an optical path of the combined beam;
and wherein the fluid vacation device comprises means for controlling;
the amount of fluid within the sample to maintain a first sample fluid state with an initial amount of fluid within the sample, followed by a second sample fluid state with a second amount of fluid within the sample;
the optical bridge measurement device comprises a sample detector arranged to detect a portion of the combined beam transmitted through or reflected by the sample, the sample detector generating an output signal proportional to the detected intensity of the combined beam at each of the two repetitive periods of radiation;
the fluid content estimation device comprises means for obtaining as estimate of the amount of the fluid in the sample while the amount of fluid in the sample varies from the initial amount in the first fluid state to a second amount in the second fluid state; end the measurement device comprises a processor for controlling the measurement sequence and combining the measured output signal from the sample detector with the estimate of the amount of fluid, to produce an estimate of the concentration of the target analyze in the fluid.
a source for generating a combined beam of electromagnetic radiation including at least two repetitive periods of radiation having different wavelengths, at least two of the wavelengths having different absorption coefficients for the target analyze; and a mount for positioning a sample within an optical path of the combined beam;
and wherein the fluid vacation device comprises means for controlling;
the amount of fluid within the sample to maintain a first sample fluid state with an initial amount of fluid within the sample, followed by a second sample fluid state with a second amount of fluid within the sample;
the optical bridge measurement device comprises a sample detector arranged to detect a portion of the combined beam transmitted through or reflected by the sample, the sample detector generating an output signal proportional to the detected intensity of the combined beam at each of the two repetitive periods of radiation;
the fluid content estimation device comprises means for obtaining as estimate of the amount of the fluid in the sample while the amount of fluid in the sample varies from the initial amount in the first fluid state to a second amount in the second fluid state; end the measurement device comprises a processor for controlling the measurement sequence and combining the measured output signal from the sample detector with the estimate of the amount of fluid, to produce an estimate of the concentration of the target analyze in the fluid.
3. The system of Claim 2, additionally comprising means for measuring a phase of pulsation of the fluid within the matrix.
4. The system of Claim 3, wherein the menus for measuring a phase of pulsation comprises:
a source for directing radiation at the sample, the radiation having a wavelength that is preferentially absorbed by a component of the fluid, the component being significantly less abundant in the rest of through the sample;
and a detector for monitoring the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample.
a source for directing radiation at the sample, the radiation having a wavelength that is preferentially absorbed by a component of the fluid, the component being significantly less abundant in the rest of through the sample;
and a detector for monitoring the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample.
5. The system of Claim 2, additionally comprising means for synchronizing the start of a change in sample state to the phase of pulsation of the fluid within the sample.
6. The system of Claim 5, wherein the synchronization includes a variable delay between the phase of the pulsation of the fluid and the start of the sample fluid stage change.
7. The system of Claim 4, wherein the sample comprises body tissue, the fluid comprises blood, the pulsations of the fluid comprise blood pressure variations due to the pumping action of the heart, end the component of the fluid comprises hemoglobin.
8. The system of Claim 5, wherein the means for synchronizing includes a pulse oximeter.
9. The system of Claim 1, wherein the wavelengths of the at least two radiation beams have fixed predetermined values.
10. The system of Claim 9, wherein one of the wavelengths of the at least two repetitive periods of radiation is selected to minimize the intensity of the detected transmission or reflection difference between the wavelength periods in one of the sample states.
11. The system of Claim 1 wherein the fluid content estimation device comprises:
a source for directing radiation at the sample, the radiation living a wavelength that is preferentially absorbed by a component of the fluid, this component being significantly less abundant in the fixed sample matrix; and a detector for monitoring the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample.
a source for directing radiation at the sample, the radiation living a wavelength that is preferentially absorbed by a component of the fluid, this component being significantly less abundant in the fixed sample matrix; and a detector for monitoring the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample.
12. The system of Claim 1 wherein the fluid content estimation device comprises a laser Doppler anemometry now-meter.
13. The system of Claire 1 wherein the fluid variation device comprises a compression mechanism for compressing and uncompressing the sample.
14. The system of Claim 13, whereto the compression mechanism subjects the sample to the first sample fluid state by compressing the sample wish a predetermined constant there.
15. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress an earlobe of a human patient.
16. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress skin between the fingers or toes of a subject.
17. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a tongue of a subject.
18. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a lip of a subject.
19. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a nose of a subject.
20. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress the nasal septum of a subject.
21. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a cheek of a subject.
22. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compressing force is provided by an electrical actuator.
23. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression force is provided by a hydraulic actuator.
24. The system of Claim 14, wherein the compression force is provided by a pneumatic actuator.
25. The system of Claim 2, wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises an incandescent lamp for generating electromagnetic radiation and an acousto-optical tunable filter for producing a radiation beam of at least two repetitive periods having different wavelengths.
26. The system of Claim 2, wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises of at least one laser source for generating at least two repetitive periods of electromagnetic radiation having different wavelengths.
27. The system of Claim 2, wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises of an incandescent lip for generating electromagnetic radiation and at least one filter for separating the radiation into at least two repetitive periods having different wavelengths.
28. The system of Claim 1. wherein the target analyze is glucose.
29. the system of Claim 1, wherein one of the repetitive periods of radiation has a wavelength substantially in the range of 1550 to 1700 nm and another of the repetitive periods of radiation has a wavelength substantially in the range of 1350 and 1430 nm.
30. The system of Claim 5, wherein the means for synchronizing includes an electrocardiogram detection device.
means for controlling the amount of fluid within the sample to maintain a first sample fluid state with an initial amount of fluid within the sample, followed by a second sample fluid state with a different amount of fluid within the sample;
a sample detector arranged to detect a portion of the combined beam transmitted through or reflected by the sample, the sample detector generating an output signal proportional to the detected intensity of the combined beam at each of the two repetitive periods of radiation;
means for obtaining an estimate of the amount of the fluid in the sample;
a processor for controlling the measurement sequence and combining the measured output signal from the sample detector with the estimate of the amount of fluid, to produce an estimate of the concentration of the target analyte in the fluid.
37. The apparatus of Claim 36, additionally comprising means for measuring a phase of pulsation of the fluid within the matrix.
38. The apparatus of Claim 37, wherein the means for measuring a phase of pulsation comprises:
a source for directing radiation at the sample, the radiation having a wavelength that is preferentially absorbed by a component of the fluid, the component being significantly less abundant in the rest of the sample; and a detector for monitoring the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample.
39. The apparatus of Claim 36, additionally comprising means for synchronizing the start and phase of a change in sample state to the phase of pulsation of the fluid within the sample.
40. The apparatus of Claim 39, wherein the synchronization includes a variable delay between the phase of the pulsation of the fluid and the start of the sample fluid state change.
41. The apparatus of Claim 38, wherein the sample comprises body tissue, the fluid comprises blood, the pulsations of the fluid comprise blood pressure variations due to the pumping action of the heart, and the component of the fluid comprises hemoglobin.
42. The apparatus of Claim 39, wherein the means for synchronizing includes a pulse oximeter.
43. The apparatus of Claim 36, wherein the wavelengths of the at least two repetitive periods of radiation have fixed predetermined values.
44. The apparatus of Claim 36, wherein one of the wavelengths of the at least two repetitive periods of radiation is selected to minimize the intensity of the detected transmission or reflection difference between the wavelength periods in one of the sample states.
45. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the means for obtaining the estimate of the amount of fluid containing the target analyte comprises:
a source for directing radiation at the sample, the radiation having a wavelength that is preferentially absorbed by a component of the fluid, this component being significantly less abundant in the fixed sample matrix; and a detector for monitoring the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample.
46. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the means for obtaining an estimate of the amount of the fluid comprises a laser Doppler anemometry flow-meter.
47. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the means for controlling the amount of the fluid in the sample comprises a compression mechanism for compressing and uncompressing the sample.
48. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism subjects the sample to the first sample fluid state by compressing the sample with a predetermined constant force.
49. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress an earlobe of a human patient.
50. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress skin between the fingers or toes of a subject.
51. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a tongue of a subject.
52. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a lip of a subject.
53. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a nose of a subject.
54. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress the nasal septum of a subject.
55. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a cheek of a subject.
56. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compressing force is provided by an electrical actuator.
57. The method of Claim 47, wherein the compression force is provided by a hydraulic actuator.
58. The method of Claim 47, wherein the compression force is provided by a pneumatic actuator.
59. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises an incandescent lamp for generating electromagnetic radiation and an acousto-optical tunable filter for producing a radiation beam of at least two repetitive periods having different wavelengths.
60. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises of at least one laser source for generating at least two repetitive periods of electromagnetic radiation having different wavelengths.
61. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises of an incandescent lamp for generating electromagnetic radiation and at least one filter for separating the radiation into at least two repetitive periods having different wavelengths.
62. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the target analyte is glucose.
63. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein one of the repetitive periods of radiation has a wavelength substantially in the range of 1550 to 1700 nm and another of the repetitive periods of radiation has a wavelength substantially in the range of 1350 and 1430 nm.
64. The apparatus of Claim 39, wherein the means for synchronizing includes an electrocardiogram detection device.
65. An apparatus for non-invasive measurement of a concentration of a target analyte in a fluid within a sample matrix, comprising:
means for directing a combined beam of electromagnetic radiation at the sample, the combined beam including at least two repetitive periods of radiation having different wavelengths, the target analyte having different absorption coefficients for two of the different wavelengths, the two wavelengths forming a wavelengh pair;
means for controlling the amount of fluid within the sample to maintain a first sample fluid state with an initial amount of fluid within the sample, followed by a second sample fluid state with a different amount of fluid within the sample;
means for detecting a portion of the combined beam that is transmitted through or reflected by the sample while the amount of fluid in the sample varies to generate a time-varying output signal proportional to the intensity of the combined beam at each of the two repetitive periods of radiation of at least one wavelength pair;
means for obtaining a time-varying estimate of the amount of fluid in the sample while the amount of fluid in the sample varies; and means for processing the measured output signal from the sample detector and the estimate of the amount of the fluid containing the target analyte to produce an estimate of the concentration of the analyte in the fluid.
means for controlling the amount of fluid within the sample to maintain a first sample fluid state with an initial amount of fluid within the sample, followed by a second sample fluid state with a different amount of fluid within the sample;
a sample detector arranged to detect a portion of the combined beam transmitted through or reflected by the sample, the sample detector generating an output signal proportional to the detected intensity of the combined beam at each of the two repetitive periods of radiation;
means for obtaining an estimate of the amount of the fluid in the sample;
a processor for controlling the measurement sequence and combining the measured output signal from the sample detector with the estimate of the amount of fluid, to produce an estimate of the concentration of the target analyte in the fluid.
37. The apparatus of Claim 36, additionally comprising means for measuring a phase of pulsation of the fluid within the matrix.
38. The apparatus of Claim 37, wherein the means for measuring a phase of pulsation comprises:
a source for directing radiation at the sample, the radiation having a wavelength that is preferentially absorbed by a component of the fluid, the component being significantly less abundant in the rest of the sample; and a detector for monitoring the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample.
39. The apparatus of Claim 36, additionally comprising means for synchronizing the start and phase of a change in sample state to the phase of pulsation of the fluid within the sample.
40. The apparatus of Claim 39, wherein the synchronization includes a variable delay between the phase of the pulsation of the fluid and the start of the sample fluid state change.
41. The apparatus of Claim 38, wherein the sample comprises body tissue, the fluid comprises blood, the pulsations of the fluid comprise blood pressure variations due to the pumping action of the heart, and the component of the fluid comprises hemoglobin.
42. The apparatus of Claim 39, wherein the means for synchronizing includes a pulse oximeter.
43. The apparatus of Claim 36, wherein the wavelengths of the at least two repetitive periods of radiation have fixed predetermined values.
44. The apparatus of Claim 36, wherein one of the wavelengths of the at least two repetitive periods of radiation is selected to minimize the intensity of the detected transmission or reflection difference between the wavelength periods in one of the sample states.
45. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the means for obtaining the estimate of the amount of fluid containing the target analyte comprises:
a source for directing radiation at the sample, the radiation having a wavelength that is preferentially absorbed by a component of the fluid, this component being significantly less abundant in the fixed sample matrix; and a detector for monitoring the radiation transmitted through or reflected by the sample.
46. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the means for obtaining an estimate of the amount of the fluid comprises a laser Doppler anemometry flow-meter.
47. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the means for controlling the amount of the fluid in the sample comprises a compression mechanism for compressing and uncompressing the sample.
48. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism subjects the sample to the first sample fluid state by compressing the sample with a predetermined constant force.
49. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress an earlobe of a human patient.
50. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress skin between the fingers or toes of a subject.
51. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a tongue of a subject.
52. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a lip of a subject.
53. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a nose of a subject.
54. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress the nasal septum of a subject.
55. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compression mechanism is adapted to compress a cheek of a subject.
56. The apparatus of Claim 47, wherein the compressing force is provided by an electrical actuator.
57. The method of Claim 47, wherein the compression force is provided by a hydraulic actuator.
58. The method of Claim 47, wherein the compression force is provided by a pneumatic actuator.
59. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises an incandescent lamp for generating electromagnetic radiation and an acousto-optical tunable filter for producing a radiation beam of at least two repetitive periods having different wavelengths.
60. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises of at least one laser source for generating at least two repetitive periods of electromagnetic radiation having different wavelengths.
61. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the source for generating a combined beam comprises of an incandescent lamp for generating electromagnetic radiation and at least one filter for separating the radiation into at least two repetitive periods having different wavelengths.
62. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein the target analyte is glucose.
63. The apparatus of Claim 36 wherein one of the repetitive periods of radiation has a wavelength substantially in the range of 1550 to 1700 nm and another of the repetitive periods of radiation has a wavelength substantially in the range of 1350 and 1430 nm.
64. The apparatus of Claim 39, wherein the means for synchronizing includes an electrocardiogram detection device.
65. An apparatus for non-invasive measurement of a concentration of a target analyte in a fluid within a sample matrix, comprising:
means for directing a combined beam of electromagnetic radiation at the sample, the combined beam including at least two repetitive periods of radiation having different wavelengths, the target analyte having different absorption coefficients for two of the different wavelengths, the two wavelengths forming a wavelengh pair;
means for controlling the amount of fluid within the sample to maintain a first sample fluid state with an initial amount of fluid within the sample, followed by a second sample fluid state with a different amount of fluid within the sample;
means for detecting a portion of the combined beam that is transmitted through or reflected by the sample while the amount of fluid in the sample varies to generate a time-varying output signal proportional to the intensity of the combined beam at each of the two repetitive periods of radiation of at least one wavelength pair;
means for obtaining a time-varying estimate of the amount of fluid in the sample while the amount of fluid in the sample varies; and means for processing the measured output signal from the sample detector and the estimate of the amount of the fluid containing the target analyte to produce an estimate of the concentration of the analyte in the fluid.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/134,310 US7003337B2 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2002-04-26 | Non-invasive substance concentration measurement using and optical bridge |
| US10/134,310 | 2002-04-26 | ||
| PCT/US2003/012897 WO2003091711A1 (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2003-04-24 | Non-invasive substance concentration measurement using an optical bridge |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2485964A1 true CA2485964A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| CA2485964C CA2485964C (en) | 2012-04-10 |
Family
ID=29249192
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2485964A Expired - Fee Related CA2485964C (en) | 2002-04-26 | 2003-04-24 | Non-invasive substance concentration measurement using an optical bridge |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7003337B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1499874A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003228700A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2485964C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003091711A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6036924A (en) | 1997-12-04 | 2000-03-14 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Cassette of lancet cartridges for sampling blood |
| US6391005B1 (en) | 1998-03-30 | 2002-05-21 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for penetration with shaft having a sensor for sensing penetration depth |
| US8641644B2 (en) | 2000-11-21 | 2014-02-04 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Blood testing apparatus having a rotatable cartridge with multiple lancing elements and testing means |
| US7981056B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2011-07-19 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation |
| US9795747B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2017-10-24 | Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland Gmbh | Methods and apparatus for lancet actuation |
| US7025774B2 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2006-04-11 | Pelikan Technologies, Inc. | Tissue penetration device |
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- 2003-04-24 EP EP03726465A patent/EP1499874A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| AU2003228700A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
| US20030204133A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
| WO2003091711A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| EP1499874A1 (en) | 2005-01-26 |
| CA2485964C (en) | 2012-04-10 |
| US7003337B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 |
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