CA2469653A1 - System and method for extracting energy from agricultural waste - Google Patents

System and method for extracting energy from agricultural waste Download PDF

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CA2469653A1
CA2469653A1 CA 2469653 CA2469653A CA2469653A1 CA 2469653 A1 CA2469653 A1 CA 2469653A1 CA 2469653 CA2469653 CA 2469653 CA 2469653 A CA2469653 A CA 2469653A CA 2469653 A1 CA2469653 A1 CA 2469653A1
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biogas
stream
methanol
syngas
hot
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CA2469653C (en
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Jerrel Dale Branson
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Best Biofuels LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/1516—Multisteps
    • C07C29/1518—Multisteps one step being the formation of initial mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen for synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/12—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing fuels or solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C12M43/02—Bioreactors or fermenters combined with devices for liquid fuel extraction; Biorefineries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F24V99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other main groups of this subclass
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0211—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step
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    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0211—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0222—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step containing a non-catalytic carbon dioxide reforming step
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
    • C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
    • C01B2203/0238—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a carbon dioxide reforming step
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0495—Composition of the impurity the impurity being water
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    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/061—Methanol production
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
    • C01B2203/0883—Methods of cooling by indirect heat exchange
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    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0872—Methods of cooling
    • C01B2203/0888—Methods of cooling by evaporation of a fluid
    • C01B2203/0894—Generation of steam
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
    • C01B2203/1052—Nickel or cobalt catalysts
    • C01B2203/1058—Nickel catalysts
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
    • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
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    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
    • C01B2203/84—Energy production
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
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    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
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    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for processing agricultural waste to make alcohol and/or biodiesel. The agricultural wastes are subjected to anaerobic digestion which produces a biogas stream containing methane, which is subsequently reformed to a syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The syngas is converted to an alcohol which may be stored, sold, used, or fed directly to a reactor for production of biodiesel. The solids effluent from the anaerobic digester can be further utilized as slow release, organic certified fertilizer. Additionally, the wastewater from the process is acceptable for immediate reuse in agricultural operations.

Claims (23)

1) A method for treating agricultural wastes comprising:
anaerobic digesting a mixture of at least agricultural waste and water to yield solids and a biogas including methane and carbon dioxide;
reforming the biogas including methane and carbon dioxide to a syngas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a steam reformation process; and converting the syngas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to methanol in an alcohol conversion process.
2) The method according to claim 1, further comprising contacting at least a portion of the methanol with natural fats and/or oils in a transesterifcation reactor to form glycerine and methyl esters, and then separating the glycerine from the methyl ester.
3.) The method according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic digesting compriss digesting concentrated agricultural waste having a solids content of greater than about 4-8% that is heated prior to digestion.
4) The method according to claim 1, wherein prior to anaerobic digestion, the agricultural waste is concentrated up to about 30% solids, the concetnrated agricultural waste then is contacted with water to produce an agricultural waste stream having a solids content from about 4% to about 8%.
5) The method according to claim 1, wherein the anaerobic digesting has a retention time of less than about 30 days.
6) The method according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural waste is comprised primarily of animal manures.
7) The method according to claim 1, wherein the biogas produced by anaerobic digestion is purified to form a cleaned biogas stream prior to reforming.
8) The method according to claim 7, wherein the biogas is purified by passing the gas through a solvent vessel to remove entrained H2S.
9) The method according to claim 8, wherein the biogas is purified by:
separating entrained moisture from the biogas by passing the gas through an inlet separator;
compressing the separated gas in a feed gas compressor to form a compressed gas stream; and removing hydrogen sulfide in a hydrogen sulfide absorber wherein the compressed gas stream is contacted with methyldiethanolamine to produce a cleaned biogas stream.
10) The method according to claim 1, wherein reforming the biogas comprises:
heating the biogas;
reforming the biogas by mixing the heated biogas with steam in the presence of a catalyst to form a hot syngas stream; and cooling the hot syngas stream to form a syngas stream.
11) The method according to claim 10, wherein the syngas stream comprises about 69 mol% hydrogen, about 13 mol% carbon dioxide, and about 17 mol% carbon monoxide.
12) The method according to claim 1, wherein converting the syngas to methanol comprises:
compressing the syngas to form a hot, compressed syngas stream;
converting the hot, compressed syngas into methanol in a methanol converter to form a hot methanol stream;
cooling the hot methanol stream to form a condensed methanol stream; and separating condensed methanol from gas in a methanol separator.
13) The method according to claim 12, wherein additional carbon dioxide is not added to convert the syngas into methanol.
14) The method according to claim 12, wherein the methanol converter is a catalytic reactor containing a catalyst selected from ZnO-Cr3O3 and CuO-ZnO-Al2O3.
15) The method according to claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the solids remaining after anaerobic digestion are removed and treated to form fertilizer.
16) A system for treating agricultural waste comprising:
an anaerobic digestion apparatus to digest agricultural waste and create solids and a biogas;
a biogas reformation apparatus to reform the biogas into a syngas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen;
and an alcohol conversion apparatus to convert the carbon monoxide and hydrogen into methanol.
17) The system according to claim 16, further comprising a transesterification reactor to react at least part of the methanol with natural fats and/or oils to form glycerine and methyl esters, and a separation apparatus to separate the glycerine from the methyl esters.
18) The system according to claim 16, further comprising a biogas purification system, the biogas purification system comprising:
an inlet separator to separate entrained moisture from the biogas;
a feed gas compressor to compress the separated gas and to form a compressed gas stream; and a hydrogen sulfide absorber to remove hydrogen sulfide by contacting the compressed gas stream with methyldiethanolamine to produce a cleaned biogas stream.
19) The system according to claim 16, wherein the biogas reformation apparatus comprises:
a heater to heat the biogas;
a reformer to reform the biogas by mixing the heated biogas with steam in the presence of a catalyst to form a hot syngas stream; and a heat exchanger to cool the hot syngas stream with compressed air to form a syngas stream and a hot air stream.
20) The system according to claim 19, wherein the biogas reformation apparatus further includes an electricity generating apparatus.
21) The system according to claim 20, wherein the electricity generating apparatus comprises:
a compressor to compress the hot air stream from the heat exchanger a turbine engine connected to the compresseor and to an electrical generator by a common shaft;
a combustion apparatus connected to the compressor and turbine engine to provide hot compressed air to the turbine engine; and an electrical generator connected to the turbine engine by the common shaft.
22) The system according to claim 16, further comprising a distillation unit to distill the methanol product.
23) The system according to claim 22, wherein the distillation unit comprises a two-column distillation system comprising:
a product cooler to heat the methanol with a product methanol stream;
a topping column to remove lights, the topping column comprising a column reflux condenser, and a purge condenser; and a refining column to produce a product methanol stream, the refining column comprising at least a refining reflux condenser.
CA 2469653 2001-12-18 2002-12-17 System and method for extracting energy from agricultural waste Expired - Lifetime CA2469653C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34049101P 2001-12-18 2001-12-18
US60/340,491 2001-12-18
PCT/US2002/040116 WO2003051803A1 (en) 2001-12-18 2002-12-17 System and method for extracting energy from agricultural waste

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CA2469653A1 true CA2469653A1 (en) 2003-06-26
CA2469653C CA2469653C (en) 2011-10-25

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EP (1) EP1456157A4 (en)
AU (1) AU2002353156A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0215051A (en)
CA (1) CA2469653C (en)
MX (1) MXPA04005987A (en)
WO (1) WO2003051803A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017190224A1 (en) * 2016-05-06 2017-11-09 Ultra Clean Ecolene Inc. Integrated techniques for producing bio-methanol
US11111195B2 (en) 2017-09-28 2021-09-07 Ultra Clean Ecolene Inc. Bio-methanol production

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US7537826B2 (en) * 1999-06-22 2009-05-26 Xyleco, Inc. Cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials and compositions and composites made therefrom
US7179642B2 (en) * 1999-10-25 2007-02-20 Ghd, Inc. Method and apparatus for solids processing
US7153427B2 (en) * 2002-07-22 2006-12-26 Environmental Energy & Engineering Co. Nitrogen recovery system and method using heated air as stripping gas
JP3670648B2 (en) * 2003-02-07 2005-07-13 新光電子株式会社 Load measuring mechanism
CN101018867A (en) * 2003-10-02 2007-08-15 密西西比州立大学 Production of biodiesel and other valuable chemicals from wastewater treatment plant sludges
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