CA2457255A1

CA2457255A1 - Improved paintball marker and kit of parts therefor

Info

Publication number: CA2457255A1
Application number: CA002457255A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Paul Garfield Jong
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-02-11
Filing date: 2004-02-11
Publication date: 2004-08-11
Also published as: US20070181115A1; US20040154600A1; US20050115553A1; US6857423B2; EP1447637A1; US20040216728A1; US7210473B2

Abstract

A paintball marker is provided including a body, a bolt and an actuator. The body defines a breech having a paintball inlet. The bolt is slideable within the breech between an open position wherein the bolt permits the entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech, and a closed position wherein the bolt prevents the entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech. The actuator is operatively connected to the bolt. The actuator is adapted to apply an opening force to move the bolt towards the open position and a closing force to move the bolt towards the closed position. The closing force is different from the opening force. The closing force may be selected to be low enough to inhibit rupturing of paintballs in the event that a paintball becomes confined by the bolt.

Description

Title: IMPROVED PAINTBALL MARKER AND KIT OF PARTS THEREFOR
Field of the invention The present invention relates to paintball markers and more particularly to chambering of paintballs in paintball markers.
Background of the invention Many people today enjoy playing paintball games with sophisticated paintball markers. A typical paintball marker has a barrel from which paintballs are fired. A breech is provided which receives paintballs through an inlet, and which communicates with the barrel. A paintball tube holds paintballs for feeding into the breech. A bolt slides within the breech to chamber a paintball, ie. to move a paintball that has been fed into the breech, into the barrel. The bolt also controls the entry of paintballs from the paintball tube into the breech. The bolt is typically moved between an open position whereby a paintball is permitted to enter the breech and a closed position whereby the entry of paintballs into the breech is prevented. A
pneumatic actuator is typically used to move the bolt.
If a paintball does not feed correctly in the breech, the bolt can squash and rupture the paintball, releasing paint onto the interior mechanisms of the marker. As a result, the released paint can disrupt the proper functioning of the marker. Consequently, after a paintball is squashed inside a marker, it is usually required for the marker to be disassembled and cleaned to remove any paint on the interior mechanisms.
Another problem with current markers is the use of solenoid valves, which have been incorporated into markers to operate the firing valve and the bolt. Solenoid valves are favoured at least in part for their seemingly quick response time, however, several problems exist with markers in which solenoid valves are present. These markers by necessity include relatively complex electrical systems, which include a battery and

-2-typically a control circuit which assists in timing the sequence of operation of the solenoids. All of these electrical components are a source of unreliability in such paintball markers. For example, during play a battery could run out of power. Furthermore, during adverse conditions, such as wet, cold or hot conditions, the electrical components are at risk of failing.
Typically, electrical components are not sufficiently robust to withstand repeated impacts, which can occur as a player inadvertently drops or otherwise impacts a marker during play.
There is, therefore, a continuing need for improved paintball markers that have a reduced tendency to squash and rupture paintballs during a loading and chambering operation. Also, in another aspect, there is a need for improved markers that are capable of firing quickly and at high frequency, but that have a reduced dependence on electrical components, such as solenoids.
Summary of the invention In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to a paintball marker including a body, a bolt and an actuator. The body defines a breech having a paintball inlet. The bolt is slideable within the breech between an open position wherein the bolt permits the entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech, and a closed position wherein the bolt prevents the entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech.
The actuator is operatively connected to the bolt. The actuator is adapted to apply an opening force to move the bolt towards the open position and a closing force to move the bolt towards the closed position. The opening force is different from the closing force.
In a second aspect the present invention is directed to an actuator for a paintball marker. The paintball marker includes a body that defines a breech. The breech has a paintball inlet. The paintball marker further includes a bolt that is slideable within the breech between an open position wherein the bolt permits the entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech and a closed position wherein the bolt prevents the

-3-entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech. The paintball marker further includes a pneumatic cylinder that is operatively connected to the bolt. The actuator comprises a control valve. The control valve is positionable in a first control valve position wherein the control valve is adapted to transmit gas at a first pressure to the pneumatic cylinder for driving the bolt towards the open position. The control valve is also positionable in a second control valve position wherein the control valve is adapted to transmit gas at a second pressure to the pneumatic cylinder to drive the bolt towards the closed position. The second pressure is different from the first pressure.
In a preferred embodiment of the second aspect, the paintball marker includes a first regulator, and the actuator includes a second regulator. The first regulator is fluidly connectable to a pressurized gas source and is adapted to provide gas at the first pressure. The second regulator is fluidly connectable to the pressurized gas source and is adapted to provide gas at the second pressure.
In a third aspect, the present invention is directed to a method for controlling the flow of paintballs through a paintball inlet into a breech that is defined in a body of a paintball marker. The paintball marker includes a bolt that is slideable within the breech. The method comprises:
applying an opening force to the bolt to move the bolt to an open position to permit the entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech; and applying a closing force to the bolt to move the bolt to a closed position to prevent the entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech, wherein the closing force is different from the opening force.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention is directed to a paintball marker including a body, a bolt, a pneumatic cylinder and a control valve. The body defines a breech that has a paintball inlet. The bolt is slideable within the breech between an open position wherein the bolt

-4-permits entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech and a closed position wherein the bolt prevents entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech. The pneumatic cylinder includes a cylinder housing that has a first cylinder port and a second cylinder port. The pneumatic cylinder further includes a piston that is slideable within the cylinder housing between the first and second cylinder ports. The piston is operatively connected to the bolt. The control valve is for controlling gas flow to the first and second cylinder ports. The control valve is adapted to send gas to the first cylinder port to move the piston in a first direction to move the bolt towards the open position with an opening force. The control valve is adapted to send gas to the second cylinder port to move the piston in a second direction to move the bolt towards the closed position with a closing force. The closing force is sufficiently low as to inhibit rupturing of a paintball if, during use, the paintball is confined by the bolt during movement of the bolt towards the closed position.
In a fifth aspect, the present invention is directed to a paintball marker including a body, a bolt and an actuator. The body defines a breech that has a paintball inlet. The bolt is slideable within the breech between an open position wherein the bolt permits entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech and a closed position wherein the bolt prevents entry of a paintball through the paintball inlet into the breech. The actuator is operatively connected to the bolt and is adapted to apply a closing force to move the bolt towards the closed position. The closing force is sufficiently low as to inhibit rupturing of a paintball if, during use, the paintball is confined by the bolt during movement of the bolt towards the closed position.
In a sixth aspect, the invention is directed to the use air from a first low pressure regulator to operate the firing mechanism on a marker and air from a second low pressure regulator to at least close the bolt on a marker. The air from the second low pressure regulator is provided at lower pressure than the air from the first low pressure regulator. The air for firing the marker comes from a high pressure regulator. The air from the second

-5-low pressure regulator is used to close the bolt while inhibiting the rupture of paintballs in the event of a paintball being jammed during bolt closure. The air from the second low pressure regulator may also be used to open the bolt. Alternatively the air from the first low pressure regulator may be used instead to open the bolt. The marker may be a closed bolt marker or an open bolt marker. The marker may be a one-, two- or three-tube configuration. The marker may have any suitable type of firing mechanism, such as a spool valve, a pneumatically actuated striker with a firing valve incorporating a spring loaded, or a spring actuated striker with a firing valve incorporating a spring loaded plunger. The linkage between the trigger and the firing mechanism may be mechanical, pneumatic, electrical, electronic or any combination thereof.
In a seventh aspect, the invention is directed to a paintball marker having a trigger that incorporates a directional flow control valve including a housing defining an interior volume, in which is slidably mounted an elongated valve spool provided with a plurality of annular valve members for sliding sealing engagement with a plurality of lands in the interior volume of the housing. The valve spool is movable between a first position and a second position, to control the flow of pressurized air through the valve in one direction and the exhaustion of air through the valve in another direction. The valve spool is directly engageable by the trigger for movement to at least one of the first and second positions. By engaging the valve spool directly by a trigger, the use of a solenoid is avoided.
Furthermore, actuation of the valve spool directly by the trigger removes steps that occur in a solenoid actuated valve, namely the steps of contacting the trigger with the sensor and actuating the solenoid. Because of the configuration of the valve seals, and because the valve spool is actuated by the trigger directly instead of through an intermediate solenoid, the overall response time of the valve is fast, and the marker does not suffer any of the problems associated with electrical components, such as their relatively poor reliability, particularly in wet, cold or hot conditions.

-6-In an eighth aspect, the invention is directed to a paintball marker having an air storage chamber for storing a fixed volume of air for use in the firing of a paintball, wherein the air storage chamber is adjustable in volume. This permits the player to optimize the use of the air in the air tank for the marker. For example, the player can incrementally adjust down the volume of the chamber until the velocity of a fired paintball is observed to drop off. In this way, the player can obtain an increased number of shots per tank. Also, the player can adjust the chamber volume in general, in response to playing conditions.
Brief description of the drawings The present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the attached drawings, in which:
Figure 1a is a partially sectional side view of a paintball marker in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, in a bolt-closed position;
Figure 1 b is a partially sectional side view of the paintball marker shown in Figure 1a, in a bolt-open position;
Figures 1 c and 1 d are side views that illustrate the operation of a firing mechanism that may be used with the marker shown in Figure 1a;
Figures 1e and 1f are side views that illustrate the operation of an alternative firing mechanism that may be used with the marker shown in Figure 1a;
Figures 1g and 1h are side views that illustrate the operation of another alternative firing mechanism that may be used with the marker shown in Figure 1 a; and Figures 1 i and 1 j are side views of a marker using any of the three firing mechanisms shown in Figures 1c and 1d, 1e and 1f and 1g and 1 h, in a two-tube configuration;

- 7 -Figure 2 is a partially sectional side view of the paintball marker shown in Figure 1a, illustrating a mis-feed of a paintball;
Figures 3a and 3b are magnified sectional side views illustrating the operation of a control valve for the paintball marker shown in Figure 1 a;
Figure 4a is a partially sectional side view of a paintball marker in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention, in a bolt-closed position;
Figure 4b is a partially sectional side view of the paintball marker shown in Figure 4a, in a bolt-open position;
Figures 5a and 5b are magnified sectional side views of a control valve for use with the paintball marker shown in Figure 4a;
Figure 6 is a kit of parts in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention for retrofit to a paintball marker of the prior art;
Figure 7 is a paintball marker of the prior art;
Figure 8 is a paintball marker derived from retrofitting the kit of parts of Figure 6 to the paintball marker of Figure 7; and Figure 9 is a magnified sectional side view of a combined cylinder / control valve unit that may be incorporated into the paintball markers shown in Figures 1 a and 8;
Figures 10a, 10b and 10c are side views of a marker in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, illustrating the operation of an optional linkage between a trigger with the firing mechanism shown in Figures 1 g and 1 h, and an optional linkage between the trigger and a bolt on the marker;
Figures 11 a and 11 b are magnified sectional side views illustrating the operation of a control valve that is part of one of the linkages shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c;

_ 8 Figures 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d are side views that illustrate the marker shown in Figure 10a, with the alternative firing mechanism shown in Figures 1e and 1f, in a closed bolt configuration;
Figures 13a, 13b and 13c are side views that illustrate the marker shown in Figure 10a, with the alternative firing mechanism shown in Figures 1e and 1f, in an open bolt configuration; and Figures 14a and 14b are side views of a marker in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, having a one tube configuration.
Detailed description of the invention Reference is made to Figure 1 a, which shows a paintball marker 10 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
The paintball marker 10 is used to fire paintballs 12 during, for example, a paintbaU game. For simplicity and greater clarity of the Figures, several of the components of the paintball marker 10 that are involved in the firing of paintballs 12 have not been shown in the Figures.
The paintball marker 10 includes a body 14, a bolt 16, and an actuator 18. The body 14 defines a chamber 20, that is typically called a breech, for holding a paintball 12 to be fired. The breech 20 has a paintball inlet 22 through which paintballs 12 are fed one at a time for firing. A
paintball tube 24 may extend outwards from the body 14 for holding a plurality of paintballs 12 to be fed into the breech 20. The breech 20 may extend generally linearly and may have a front end 26, which is open. The breech 20 has a diameter that is sufficiently large that it does not hamper the movement of the paintball 12 therein.
A barrel 28 may be mounted in the front end 26 in fluid communication with the breech 20. The barrel 28 may have a diameter that is the same or optionally slightly smaller than the diameter of the paintballs 12. It will be appreciated that the diameter of the barrel 28 is also smaller than the diameter of the breech 20.

_g_ The barrel 28 has an inlet which is shown at 29. The inlet 29 includes a transition portion 29a (shown more clearly in Figure 1 b), which smoothly transitions from the diameter of the breech 20 to the diameter of the barrel 28.
The breech 20 has a rear end 30 in which there is an opening 32. The bolt 16 is slideable within the breech 20 and connects to the actuator 18 through the opening 32. The bolt 16 is moveable by means of the actuator 18, between a closed position, as shown in Figure 1 a and an open position, as shown in Figure 1 b. When the bolt 16 is in the closed position, a paintball 12 is held in position between the forward end of the bolt 16, which is shown at 35, and the inlet 29 of the barrel 28. Because of the snug fit of the paintball 12 in the barrel 28, the paintbail 12 is prevented from rolling out of the barrel 28 prior to firing of the paintball marker 10.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 1 a, the paintball 12 is positioned only partially in the barrel 28 when the bolt 16 is in the closed position. It is alternatively possible, however, to have an embodiment (not shown), wherein the bolt 16 pushes the paintball 12 further into the barrel 28 prior to firing of the marker 10.
When the bolt 16 chambers a paintball 12, the bolt 16 also blocks the paintball inlet 22, and prevents other paintballs 12 from entering the breech 20, when in the closed position shown in Figure 1a. An outlet 35a is provided in the forward end 35 of the bolt 16, for pressurized air.
When the paintball marker 10 is fired, pressurized air exits through the outlet 35a to fire the paintbali 12 through the barrel 28 and out of the marker 10.
Reference is made to Figure 1 b, which shows the paintball marker 10 in the bolt-open position. When the bolt 16 is in the open position, the bolt 16 does not block the paintball inlet 22, and thus permits the entry of a paintball 12 into the breech 20. As shown in Figure 1 b, when in the open position, the bolt 16 may extend outwards from the breech 20 through the opening 32.
When in the open position, the front end 35 of the bolt 16 may be positioned generally aligned with the rearmost edge of the paintball inlet 22. A detent 34 extends into the breech 20 proximate the forwardmost edge of the paintball inlet 22. When the bolt 16 is open, the detent 34 and the bolt 16 cooperate to retain a paintball 12 in the breech 20. The paintball 12 in the breech 20 is positioned in such a way as to block other paintballs 12 from entering the breech 20.
The detent 34 is resilient so as to permit the bolt 16 to push a paintball 12 therepast during closure of the bolt 16. The detent 34 may be resilient by any suitable means, such as by being spring loaded.
The detent 34 is shaped so as not to rupture the paintball 12 as it moves therepast. For example the detent 34 may be spherical.
The actuator 18 is used to move the bolt 16 between the open and closed positions. The actuator 18 may be any suitable type of actuator.
For example, the actuator 18 may utilize gas pressure from a suitable gas source such as a pressurized air tank (not shown), to drive the bolt 16 between the open and closed positions. The pressurized air tank (not shown) may contain an actuation gas, such as air, at several thousand psi, at least initially. A primary regulator (not shown) may be connected to the air tank to reduce the air pressure down to a pressure suitable for firing a paintball 12, eg. 150-350 psi. The primary regulator (not shown) may be a single stage regulator, or alternatively may be a dual stage regulator, essentially consisting of two regulators in series to reduce the air pressure in stages down to the firing pressure. The marker 10 includes an air conduit 36 for transporting air from the primary regulator (not shown) through an inlet 36a, to the firing mechanism (not shown) and to the actuator 18.
The actuator 18 includes a pneumatic cylinder 37, a control valve 38, a first low pressure regulator 40, and a second low pressure regulator 42. The pneumatic cylinder 37 includes a housing 44 and a piston 46. Movement of the piston 46 within the housing 44 is controlled by the entry and discharge of air in the housing 44 through a first port 48 and a second port 50. A rod 52 extends from the piston 46 out from the pneumatic cylinder 37 and through the body 14 of the paintbail marker 10. The rod 52 connects the piston 46 to a back plate 53, to which the bolt 16 is also connected. By virtue of the connection of the piston 46 to the bolt 16 by means of the rod 52 and the back plate 53, movement of the piston 46 in the housing 44 causes movement of the bolt 16 in the breech 20.
The first and second low pressure regulators 40 and 42 are mounted in fluid communication with the air conduit 36 to receive air from the primary regulator (not shown). More specifically, the paintball marker 10 may include a manifold 54 that has an internal air conduit 55 therein that is in fluid communication with the air conduit 36.
The manifold 54 has a first port 55a for connection to the first low pressure regulator 40 and a second port 55b for connection to the second low pressure regulator 42. The manifold 54 may optionally also include a third port 55c, which may be used as desired, or which may be plugged when not in use.
The manifold 54 may be a separate component that mounts to the body 16 of the paintball marker 10, or alternatively, the manifold 54 may be integral with the body 16. The manifold 54 may include mounting means for the first and second low pressure regulators 40 and 42, for the control valve 38 and for the pneumatic cylinder 37, as shown in Figure 1 a. It is alternatively possible, however, for some or all of these components to mount to the body 16 instead of mounting onto the manifold 54.
Pressurized air travels from the air tank (not shown) through the primary regulator (not shown), where it is reduced to the firing pressure.
From there the air travels through the air conduit 36 in the body 16, and from the air conduit 36, through the internal air conduit 55 in the manifold 54. From the air conduit 55, the air is distributed to the first and second low pressure regulators 40 and 42.
It is alternatively possible, however, for the primary regulator (not shown) to be connected directly into the manifold 54 using the optional port 55c, instead of being connected to the air conduit inlet 36a on the body 16. In that case, it will be appreciated that the inlet 36a on the body 16 would require plugging.

The low pressure regulators 40 and 42 reduce the pressure of the air received from the primary regulator (not shown), down to two different outlet pressures. The first low pressure regulator 40 may reduce the pressure of the air to between 50-100 psi, and the second low pressure regulator 42 may reduce the pressure of the air to between 10-50 psi. The air pressures provided by the iow pressure regulators 40 and 42 may be selected based on the specific characteristics of the components of the paintball marker 10. For example, if there is significant resistance in the movement of the bolt 16 in the breech 20, the regulators 40 and 42 may be selected to provide air at higher pressures. Conversely, if for example, the bolt 16 moves with little resistance in the breech 20 then accordingly, lower pressures may be selected for the first and second regulators 40 and 42.
The control valve 38 controls the movement of the piston 46 by controlling the flow of air from the regulators 40 and 42 to the first and second ports 48 and 50. The control valve 38 includes a first inlet port 56, a second inlet port 58, a first outlet port 60 and a second outlet port 62. The first inlet port 56 is connected to the outlet of the regulator 40 by means of a first conduit 64. The first outlet port 60 is connected to the first port 48 of the pneumatic cylinder 37 by means of a second conduit 68. The second inlet port 58 is connected to the outlet of the regulator 42 by means of a third conduit 66. The second outlet port 62 is connected to the second port 50 of the pneumatic cylinder 37 by means of a fourth conduit 70. The conduits 64, 66, 68 and 70 may be flexible conduits, such as, for example, flexible plastic tubing. Alternatively, they may be rigid or semi-rigid conduits, such as, for example, stainless steel tubing.
When it is desired to move the bolt 16 from the closed position shown in Figure 1 a to the open position shown in Figure 1 b, the control valve 38 directs air from the first regulator 40 to the first port 48 on the pneumatic cylinder 37. The increase in pressure in the housing 44 in front of the piston 46 drives the piston 46 rearwardly. Because the bolt 16 is connected to the piston 46 by means of the back plate 53 and the rod 52, the bolt 16 is also moved rearwardly as a result of the movement of the piston 46.
When it is desired to move the bolt 16 from the open position shown in Figure 1b to the closed position shown in 1a, the control valve 38 directs air from the regulator 42 to the second port 50 on the pneumatic cylinder 37. The increase in air pressure in the housing 44 behind the piston 46 drives the piston 46, and in turn, the bolt 16 forward to the closed position.
Reference is made to Figure 2. When the bolt 16 is in the open position to permit the entry of a paintball 12 into the breech 20, it is possible for a variety of reasons for the paintball 12 not to have fully entered the breech 20 when the bolt moves towards the closed position. In such an instance, the bolt 16 can jam against the mis-fed paintball, pinning the paintball 12 in the paintball inlet 22. Because of the relatively low air pressure and corresponding relatively low force used to drive the piston 46 and the bolt 16 forward, the bolt 16 has a reduced likelihood of rupturing the mis-fed paintball 12 upon jamming there against.
Reference is made to Figures 3a and 3b which show the control valve 38 in more detail, and which illustrate its operation. The control valve 38 includes a housing 72 and an actuator 74. The inlet ports 56 and 58 and the outlet ports 60 and 62 may be positioned in a linear arrangement on the housing 72, and may be in the order shown in the Figures, whereby the first and second inlet ports 56 and 58 are positioned inside the first and second outlet ports 60 and 62. The housing 72 defines an internal passage 76 with which all of the ports 56, 58, 60 and 62 communicate. The housing 72 has a first end 78. The internal passage 76 has a first vent 80 in the first end 78. The housing 72 has a second end 82 in which there is positioned a second vent 84 for the internal passage 76.
The actuator 74 is moveable within the internal passage 76 to direct the flow of air into and out of the control valve 38. The actuator 74 includes a first seal 86, a second seal 88, and a third seal 90. When the control valve 38 is in a first control valve position, as shown in Figure 3a, the first seal 86 is positioned between the first inlet port 56 and the first outlet port 60, thereby preventing them from communicating with each other.
Furthermore, the first outlet port 60 is in fluid communication with the first vent 80. Because the first outlet port 60 is also in fluid communication with the portion of the pneumatic cylinder housing 44 in front of the piston 46, this portion of the housing 44 is at substantially atmospheric pressure.
In the first control valve position shown in Figure 3a, the second and third seats 88 and 90 are positioned to form a chamber with which the second inlet port 58 and the second outlet port 62 communicate.
Thus, in this position, air from the outlet of the second regulator 42 is transmitted to the portion of the pneumatic cylinder housing 44 behind the piston 46. This, in turn, causes the piston 46 to move to its forwardmost position, as shown in Figure 1 a. This, in turn, causes the bolt 16 to move to the closed position, as shown in Figure 1 a.
Reference is made to Figure 3b, which shows the control valve 38 in a second control valve position. in the second control valve position, the actuator 74 is moved so that the third seal 90 is positioned between the second inlet port 58 and the second outlet port 62, thus preventing them from communicating with each other. Furthermore, in the position shown in Figure 3b, the second outlet port 62 is in fluid communication with the second vent 84, which in turn causes the portion of the pneumatic cylinder housing 44 behind the piston 46 to be at substantially atmospheric pressure.
Furthermore, the first and second seals 86 and 88 cooperate to define a chamber around the first inlet port 56 and the first outlet port 60, permitting them to be in fluid communication with each other. Thus, in the position shown in Figure 3b air from the outlet of the first regulator 40 is transmitted to the portion of the pneumatic cylinder housing 44 in front of the piston 46, which drives the piston 46 to its rearwardmost position, as shown in Figure 1b.
Referring to Figure 1a, when it is desired to fire the paintball marker 10, a trigger 92 that is positioned on the body 14, is pulled. Pulling of the trigger 92 causes pressurized air to be released through the outlet 35a in the bolt 16, to fire the chambered paintball 12 from the barrel 28. The linkage between the trigger 92 and the firing mechanism may be mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, electronic or any combination thereof.
The trigger 92 is operatively connected to the actuator 18, and more specifically to the control valve actuator 74 (Figures 3a and 3b). The connection may be by any suitable means, such as, for example, a mechanical linkage (not shown), a pneumatic connection (not shown), an electrical connection (not shown), an electronic connection (not shown), or any combination thereof. Pulling of the trigger 92 causes firing of the chambered paintball 12 as described above, and then causes movement of the actuator 74 between the first control valve position (see Figure 3a) and the second control valve position (see Figure 3b). The actuator 74 may extend out of the housing 72 (see Figures 3a and 3b) for operatively connecting to the trigger 92.
The paintball marker 10 shown in the embodiment in Figures 1 a and 1 b is a "closed bolt" configuration, because the bolt 16 remains in the closed position (shown in Figure 1a) when the trigger 92 is at rest. It is alternatively possible, however, for a paintbal! marker within the scope of this invention to have an open bolt configuration, whereby the bolt remains in the open position when the trigger is at rest. In that case, when the trigger is pulled, the bolt closes with a closing force that is sufficiently low so as to inhibit rupturing of the paintball. Once in the closed position, the paintball that has been chambered is held between the bolt and the barrel.
At this point, pressurized air is released to fire the paintball 12 from the barrel 28.
Reference is made to Figures 1 c, 1 d, 1 e, 1 f, 1 g and 1 h, which illustrate alternative firing mechanisms 300 that may be used with the marker 10. The firing mechanism 300 in general controls the release of a volume of high-pressure air into the bolt 16 for firing the paintball 12.
Referring to Figures 1c and 1d, the firing mechanism 300 may comprise a firing valve 302, a striker 304 and a spring 306 connected between a axed element of the marker 10 and the striker 302. The striker 304 is held in a rest position wherein the spring 306 is compressed (see Figure 1c), by a holding means, such as a sear (not shown). The trigger 92 (Figure 1 a) may be operatively connected to the holding means (not shown).
When the trigger 92 is pulled, the holding means, eg. the sear, releases the striker 304, at which point the spring 306 drives the striker 304 into a valuing element 308 in the firing valve 302. The valuing element 308 is engaged by the striker 304 and is moved into an open position (see Figure 1d) to permit a volume of air to pass through the valve 302, as shown by the arrow A, out the valve outlet, shown at 312, and indirectly or directly into the bolt 16 (see Figure 1a), for firing the paintball 12.
After releasing air through the valve 302, the valuing element 312 moves from the open position to the closed position (see Figure 1c).
The valuing element 312 may be driven towards the closed position by any suitable means, such as, for example, by means of air pressure from the firing air acting on the valuing element 312 or by a spring (not shown).
Any suitable means, eg. pneumatic pressure from the first low pressure regulator 40 (Figure 1a), may be used to drive the striker 304 back to re-compress the spring 306 and re-engage the sear (not shown)..
Movement of the sear (not shown) may be accomplished by any means known in the art. For example, the sear may be actuated by a mechanical linkage connected to the trigger 92. Alternatively, movement of the sear may be controlled by an electric solenoid or by an electronic solenoid valve.
Reference is made to Figures 1e and 1f, which show an alternative firing mechanism 300. In this alternative, the striker 304 is operated by a pneumatic cylinder 314 instead of a spring and sear. The pneumatic cylinder 314 includes a first port 316 and a second port 318, which may both be configured to selectively receive air from the first regulator 40. The trigger 92 (Figure 1 a) is operatively connected to the pneumatic cylinder 314 to control air from the first regulator 40 through each of the ports 316 and 318. Air flow to the first and second ports 316 and 318 controls the movement of a piston (not shown) inside the cylinder 314. A
piston rod 320 is connected at one end, to the piston (not shown). The striker 304 is connected to the other end of the piston rod 320.
When the trigger 92 (Figure 1 a) is pulled, air from the first regulator 40 is released into the first port, and drive the piston (not shown), the piston rod 320 and striker 304 into engagement with the valuing element 312, pushing the valuing element 312 open to permit a volume of high pressure air through the valve 306 and into the bolt 16 (see Figure 1a) for firing.
The firing valve 302 may be configured to close by the same means used in the embodiment shown in Figures 1c and 1d, eg, by means of the high pressure firing air. The trigger 92 (Figure 1 a) may be operatively connected to the pneumatic cylinder to control air flow thereto from the first regulator 40, by any suitable means.
Reference is made to Figures 1 i and 1 j, which illustrate the operation of the marker 10, configured as a two-tube marker, incorporating the firing valve 302, the striker 304 and optionally either one of the spring 306 or the pneumatic cylinder 314. The bolt 16 is open in the position shown in Figure 1 i, and is closed in the position shown in Figure 1 j. In the position shown in Figure 1 j, the paintball is chambered and ready for firing.
Reference is made to Figures 1g and 1h, which show another alternative embodiment of the firing mechanism 300. In this embodiment, the firing mechanism 300 comprises a pneumatic valve 322. The pneumatic valve 322 includes a housing 324 and a spool 326. The housing 324 is generally elongate and may be more specifically generally cylindrical. The housing 324 has an inlet 328 and an outlet 330, which are spaced from each other longitudinally. The inlet 328 is connected fluidically to the high pressure firing air from the primary regulator (not shown). The outlet 330 is connected fluidically to the bolt 16 (Figure 1a) to convey firing air to a chambered paintball 12.

First and second housing seals 332 and 334 extend into the interior of the housing 324 from its inside wall 335. Where the housing 324 is cylindrical, the housing seals 332 and 334 may be generally annular. The first and second housing seals 332 and 334 are positioned longitudinally between the inlet 328 and outlet 330, and are at a selected longitudinal distance from each other in the housing 324.
The spool 326 is elongate and may be generally cylindrical.
The spool 326 is movable in the housing 324 and extends through at least one end of the housing 324 to the exterior thereof. The spool 326 includes first and second spool seals 336 and 338, which extend outwardly from its exterior surface, shown at 340. The first and second spool seals 336 and 338 may be spaced from each other by a distance that differs from the distance between the housing seals 332 and 334. The spool 326 is movable in the housing between a first position (see Figure 1g) wherein the first spool and housing seals 336 and 332 align and seal, and a second position (see Figure 1 h), wherein the second spool and housing seals 338 and 334 align and seal.
In the position shown in Figure 1g, high pressure firing air is permitted into a space 342 defined between the two housing seals 332 and 334, but is prevented from flowing out of the pneumatic valve outlet 330 by the seal formed by the second seals 334 and 338. The space 342 communicates with a firing air storage chamber 344. Accordingly, high pressure firing air fills the storage chamber 344 when the valve 322 is in the position in Figure 1g. in the position shown in Figure 1h, the high-pressure firing air is permitted to flow from the storage chamber 344, though the space 342, out the valve outlet 330 and into the bolt 16 for firing the paintball 12. The firing air is prevented from backflowing out the valve inlet 328 by the seal formed by the first spool and housing seals 336 and 332.
The air storage chamber 344 shown in Figures 1g and 1h stores a selected volume of air for use in firing a paintball 12. The storage chamber 344 includes an adjustment member 348 for adjusting the overall contained volume of the chamber 344. This permits a player to adjust the volume of air used for each shot, thereby controlling the number of shots available in the air tank (not shown). Furthermore, if too much air is released during a shot, some portion of that air is wasted. Accordingly, providing adjustability to the volume of the air storage chamber 344 permits a player to find the lowest volume at which the velocity of the fired paintball 12 is substantially unchanged. Thus, the number of shots per tank can be maximized for any given firing velocity.
The adjustment member 348 may include a threaded insert that sealingly engages a threaded aperture 349 in the air storage chamber 344. The volume of the chamber 344 can thus be controlled by screwing in or screwing out of the adjustment member 348. The adjustment member 348 is preferably adjustable by hand without the need for tools, to facilitate volume adjustment.
The inlet 328 and outlet 330 on the pneumatic valve 322 may be of relatively large size on the valve 322, thereby reducing pressure drop therethrough, reducing the amount of time required to fill the firing air storage chamber 344 with firing air, and reducing the amount of time to release the firing air contained in the air storage chamber 344. One reason that the inlet 328 and outlet 330 may be sized relatively large, lies in the configuration of the seals 332, 334, 336 and 338. Because the seals 334 and 338 on the spool 326 do not engage or sweep past the inlet 328 or outlet 330, as they do on other types of spool valve, the inlet 328 and outlet 330 may be made relatively large without impacting the overall stroke required by the spool 326 to open or close the valve 322. The large inlet 328 and outlet 330 reduce the pressure drop thereacross, which increases the firing efficiency of the marker 10, in that less energy is lost during passage of firing air from the air storage chamber to the bolt 16.
Furthermore a large inlet 328 and a large outlet 330 also reduce the amount of time required to fill the air storage chamber 344 to its target pressure, and also analogously reduces the amount of time required for the firing air to leave the air storage chamber 344.

By contrast, spool valves that incorporate seals that sweep past the valve inlet and valve outlet typically have relatively small inlet and outlet apertures in an effort to reduce the actuation stroke and thus the actuation time of the spool. However, the penalty with such spoof valves is that the small inlet and outlet provide a relatively high pressure drop, and increase the amount of time required for a selected volume of air to pass through them for firing a paintball.
The spool 326 requires a relatively short stroke to move between the filling position shown in Figure 1g and the firing position shown in Figure 1 h. The short stroke required makes the actuation of the pneumatic valve 322 relatively quick compared to valves that have longer travel between the closed and open positions.
The quick actuation of the valve 322 makes for an overall quicker firing of the paintball 12 from the time the trigger 92 is pulled.
Furthermore, the overall cycle time to complete a firing of the paintbail 12, which makes the marker 10 capable of an increased firing frequency.
The trigger 92 may be operatively connected to the spool 326 for movement of the spool 326 in the housing 324, by any suitable means.
For example, the trigger 92 may be connected to the spool 326 by one or more of a mechanical linkage, a pneumatic connection, an electric solenoid, and an electronic solenoid valve.
An exemplary linkage 350 between the trigger 92 and the firing mechanism 300 is shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c. The linkage 350 includes a pneumatic valve 352. The pneumatic valve 352 is configured to selectively direct air from the first low pressure regulator 40 to a pneumatic cylinder 354 that is operatively connected to the spool 326 of the firing valve 322. The cylinder has a first port 355a and a second port 355b.
Preferably, the pneumatic valve 352 is sized to fit within the grip of the marker 10, shown at 356. The pneumatic valve 352 may be configured similarly to the firing valve 322, in that it contains seals that do not sweep past the inlet and outlet ports. Referring to Figures 11 a and 11 b, the pneumatic valve 352 includes a housing 358 and a spool 360. The housing 358 is generally elongate and may be more specifically generally cylindrical. The housing 358 has an inlet 362 and two outlets 363 and 364, one on either side of the inlet 362. The housing 358 also has two exhausts 365 and 366, which may be the two outermost ports on the housing 358.
The inlet 362 is connected fluidically to air from the first low pressure regulator 40 (see Figure 10a - the fluid path from the regulator 40 to the inlet 362 is not shown, however). The outlets 363 and 364 are connected fluidically to the two ports 355a and 355b respectively on the pneumatic cylinder 354 for actuating the cylinder and in turn the spool 326 on the firing valve 322, (the fluid paths from the outlets 363 and 364 to the ports 355a and 355b on the pneumatic cylinder 354 are not shown).
The housing has first, second, third and fourth housing seals 367, 368, 369 and 370, which extend into the interior of the housing 358 from its inside wall 371. In embodiments wherein the housing 358 is cylindrical, the housing seals 367, 368, 369 and 370 may be generally annular. The housing seal 367 is positioned longitudinally between the first exhaust port 365 and the first outlet 363. The housing seal 368 is positioned longitudinally between the first outlet 363 and the inlet 362. The housing seal 369 is positioned longitudinally between the inlet 362 and the second outlet 364. The housing seal 370 is positioned longitudinally between the second outlet 364 and the second exhaust port 366. The seals 367, 368, 369 and 370 are positioned at a selected longitudinal distance from each other in the housing 358.
The spool 360 is elongate and may be generally cylindrical.
The spool 360 is movable in the housing 358 and extends through at least one end of the housing 358 to the exterior thereof. The spool 360 includes first, second, third and fourth spool seals 372, 373, 374 and 375, which extend outwardly from its exterior surface, shown at 376. The spool seals 372, 373, 374 and 375 are positioned on the spool 360 at a selected spacing so that, when the spool 360 is in a first position (see Figure 11 a), the first seals 367 and 372 engage and the third seals 369 and 374 engage.

Air from the first low pressure regulator 40 passes through the inlet 362 and through the first outlet 363 to the first cylinder port 355a. Simultaneously air passes from the cylinder port 355b into the valve 352 through the second outlet 364 and out through the second exhaust 366. Thus, the cylinder 354 is actuated in a first direction which operates the firing valve 322 to fire a paintbaU 12.
When the spool 360 is in a second position (see Figure 11 b), the second seals 368 and 373 engage and the fourth seals 370 and 375 engage. Air from the first low pressure regulator 40 passes through the inlet 362 and through the second outlet 364 to the second cylinder port 355b.
Simultaneously air passes from the cylinder port 355a into the valve 352 through the first outlet 363 and out through the first exhaust 365. Thus, the cylinder 354 is actuated in a second direction which returns the firing valve 322 to its filling position for filling the air storage chamber 344.
The inlet 362, outlets 363 and 364, and exhaust ports 365 and 366 may be of relatively large size, thereby reducing pressure drop therethrough, and reducing the actuation time for the cylinder 354 by reducing resistance (ie. pressure drop) to air passing therethrough. The reasons for this are the same as the reasons provided above in relation to the valve 322.
Furthermore, the valve 354 requires a relatively short stroke of the spool 360 to move the spool 360 between the filling position shown in Figure 11a and the air release position shown in Figure 11b, for the same reasons as explained above in relation to the valve 322. Accordingly, the actuation time of the valve 352 is reduced as a result of the short stroke.
The quick actuation of the valve 352 makes for an overall quicker actuation of the pneumatic cylinder 354. Because the valve 352 transmits the pulling of the trigger 92 to the valve 322 more quickly, the overall actuation of the firing valve 322 is quicker, which contributes to reducing the overall cycle time to complete a firing of the paintball 12 from the pulling of the trigger 92. The reduced firing cycle time makes for an increased firing frequency capability for the marker 10.

Referring to Figures 10a and 10c particularly, the spool 360 may be configured to be directly engaged by the trigger 92. In other words, when it is desired to fire a paintball 12, the trigger 92 is pulled. Pulling the trigger 92 brings the trigger 92 into engagement with the spool 360 and moves the spool 360 to actuate the pneumatic cylinder 354, which in turn actuates the firing valve 322.
The valve 352 may include a biasing mechanism 379 for biasing the spool 360 in the position shown in Figure 11 b, so that the firing valve 322 is positioned in the filling position.
The pneumatic cylinder 354 may be operatively connected to the spool 326 of the firing valve 322 in any suitable way. For example, the cylinder 354 may be integrally formed with the firing valve 322.
As shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c, the marker 10 may further include a bolt actuating valve 380 instead of the bolt-actuating valve 38. The bolt-actuating valve 380 may be actuated directly from the trigger 92 in a manner similar to the valve 352. It is preferable for the valve 380, like the valve 352, to be positioned in the grip 356 of the marker 10, however, it is alternatively possible for the valve 380 to be positioned elsewhere within the marker 10.
The valve 380 may be similar in configuration to the valve 352, except that the outputs of the valve 380, shown at 382 and 384 are connected fluidically to the ports 386 and 388 on the pneumatic cylinder 390. The pneumatic cylinder 390 is operatively connected to the bolt 16.
The valve may also include two exhaust ports 391 and 392, which are associated with the outlet ports 382 and 384 respectively.
The valve 380 may be configured to have a single input 393, as shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c. The input 393 may be connected to the second low pressure regulator 42. When the valve 380 is in a first position, air from the second regulator 42 is directed through the inlet, out through the second outlet 384 and into the cylinder 390 through the port 388. In this position, air is also permitted to pass from the cylinder port 386, into the first valve 380 through the first outlet 382 and out through the first exhaust port 391. In this position, the cylinder 390 is driven to move the bolt 16 to an open position, permitting entry of a paintball 12 into the breech 20.
When the valve 380 is positioned in a second position, air from the second regulator 42 is directed through the inlet, out through the first outlet 382 and into the cylinder 390 through the port 386. In this position, air is also permitted to pass from the cylinder port 388, into the first valve 380 through the second outlet 384 and out through the second exhaust port 392.
In this position, the cylinder 390 is driven to move the bolt 16 to a closed position, thereby chambering a paintball 12. It will be noted that the valve 380 configured as shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c uses air from the second low pressure regulator 42 to move the bolt 16 to both the open and closed positions. The valve 352 uses air from the first low pressure regulator 40 to control the firing valve 322. In embodiments wherein air from regulator 42 is used to control bolt movement and air from regulator 40 is used to control the firing valve 322, or any other firing valve, the linkages used to control the bolt and firing valve may be mechanical, pneumatic, electrical, electronic or any combination thereof. Regardless of what is used to operatively link the trigger 92 to the firing mechanism 300, and what is used to operatively link the trigger 92 to the bolt 16, it is advantageous to operate with air from the second regulator 42 to close the bolt 16 and to operate the firing mechanism with air from the first regulator 40. The bolt 16 may also moved to the open position using air from the second regulator 42.
For quick actuation and good reliability, however, it is preferable to use at least one of the valves 322, 352 and 380. Preferably, all three may be included in the marker to control both the firing and the bolt movement, without the presence of any solenoids.
The valve 380 may include a biasing mechanism 394 for biasing the valve 380 in either the first or second positions. Accordingly, the biasing mechanism effectively biases the bolt in either the bolt-open or bolt-closed positions. In the system shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c. the valve 380 when not actuated by the trigger 92 (see Figure 10a) is in the first position, whereby the bolt 16 is open. When the marker 10 is configured this way, it may be referred to as an open bolt marker 10.
Referring to Figure 10b, when the trigger 92 is first pulled, it first engages the spool of the valve 380, which is shown at 395. The valve 380 is moved to its second position, thereby moving the bolt 16 forward to chamber the paintball 12. As the trigger 92 is pulled further, the valve 352 is engaged (see Figure 3), thereby firing the paintball 12 from the marker 10.
It will be noted that until the bolt 16 has chambered the paintball 12, the fluid path, shown at 396, from the firing valve 322 into the bolt 16 is closed (see Figures 10a, 10b and 10c).
Releasing the trigger 92 returns the valves 352 and 380 to their rest positions. The bolt 16 returns to the open position to permit another paintball 12 into the breech 20. The firing valve 322 returns to the filling position for filing the air storage chamber 344.
It is alternatively possible for the marker 10 shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c to be a closed bolt design. In a closed bolt design, the bolt 16 remains in at rest in the closed position. Thus, when the trigger 92 is pulled the valve 352 would be actuated first instead of the valve 380, thereby firing the paintball 12. Then, as the trigger 92 is pulled further, the valve 380 is actuated to move to its first position which would move the bolt to its open position for receiving another paintball 12 in the breech 20.
When the trigger 92 would be released, the valve 380 would return to its second position, closing the bolt 16 and chambering another paintball 12. In this alternative embodiment, the valve 380 would be biased towards its second position. The valve 352 would still be biased towards its first position, for filling the air storage chamber 344.
By incorporating the aforementioned quick-acting, high air flow pneumatic valves 322, 352 and 380 and by operating the actuation valves 352 and 380 directly from the trigger 92 without the use of a solenoid, the performance of the marker 10 in terms of firing frequency remains good, without incurring the drawbacks associated with having solenoids and their attendant power delivery and electrical systems. For example, the marker shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c does not require a battery, and accordingly is not at risk of stranding a player as a result of a dead or weak battery. Furthermore, by eliminating the solenoids and associated electrical 5 systems, the marker 10 can be operated with reduced risk of damage during wet, hot or cold playing conditions, all of which pose a risk to electrical components.
In the embodiment shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c, the marker 10 included a pneumatic valve 322 as the firing valve. Referring to 10 Figures 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d, it is alternatively possible for the marker to include the firing valve 302 and, for example, the pneumatic cylinder 314.
The valve 352 may be used to operate the cylinder 314 in similar manner to the operation of the cylinder 354 in the embodiment shown in Figures 10a, 10b and 10c.
The embodiment shown in Figures 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d is a closed bolt marker. Thus, the valve (not shown) that actuates the bolt 16 is biased in a position for closing the bolt 16 (see Figure 12a). When the trigger 92 is pulled, a valve (not shown) actuates the cylinder 314 and a paintball 12 is fired from the marker 10 (see Figure 12b). The firing air may be sent to the bolt 16 from an air storage chamber (not shown), through the firing valve 302. The bolt 16 is then opened to permit entry of another paintball 12 into the breech 20 (Figure 12c). The bolt 16 is then closed thereby chambering the new paintball 12 (Figure 12d).
Reference is made to Figures 13a, 13b and 13c, which illustrate the operation of the marker 10 with the firing valve 302 and the pneumatic cylinder 314 in an open bolt configuration. Prior to pulling the trigger 92, the bolt 16 is open and a paintball 12 is in the breech 20. When the trigger 92 is pulled, the bolt 16 is closed thereby chambering the paintball 12 (see Figure 13b). A valve (not shown) actuates the cylinder 314 and the chambered paintball 12 is fired from the marker 10 (see Figure 13c).
The firing air may be sent to the bolt 16 from an air storage chamber (not shown), through the firing valve 302. The bolt 16 is opened to permit entry of another paintball 12 into the breech 20 (Figure 12a).
It will be noted that the embodiments shown in Figures 12a, 12b, 12c and 12d and 13a, 13b and 13c can be referred to as a two-tube configuration, in that the body 14 of the marker 10 includes two chambers, one housing the firing mechanism 300 and one housing the bolt 16 and bolt-actuating cylinder. It is alternatively possible for the marker 10 to have a one-tube or a three-tube configuration, or to incorporate any of the firing mechanisms disclosed herein.
Reference is made to Figures 14a and 14b, which illustrate the operation of the marker 10 with the firing mechanism 300, the bolt 16 and the bolt-actuating cylinder all in-line. This is referred to as a single-tube or one-tube configuration.
Reference is made to Figure 4a, which shows a paintball marker 94 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
The paintball marker 94 may be similar to the paintball marker 10, except that the paintball marker 94 incorporates an actuator 96 instead of the actuator 18 (see Figure 1a).
In similar fashion to the actuator 18 (Figure 1a), the actuator 96 may utilize air pressure from a pressurized air tank 400 (see Figure 1 i), to drive a bolt 97 between open and closed positions (Figure 4b and 4a respectively). A primary regulator (not shown) may be connected to the air tank to reduce the air pressure from the air tank 400 (Figure 1 i) down to a pressure suitable for use in firing the paintball marker 94. The primary regulator (not shown) may be a single stage regulator, or alternatively may be a dual stage regulator, essentially consisting of two regulators in series to reduce the air pressure in two stages down to the firing pressure. The marker 94 includes an air conduit 98 for transporting air from the primary regulator (not shown) through an inlet 98a, to the firing mechanism (not shown) and to the actuator 96.

The actuator 96 includes a pneumatic cylinder 99, a control valve 100 and an actuator regulator 101. The pneumatic cylinder 99 includes a housing 102 and a piston 104. The housing 102 may be similar to the pneumatic cylinder housing 44 (see Figure 1 a), and may have a first port 106 proximate its front end and a second port 108 proximate its rear end.
The piston 104 is moveable within the housing 102 between a forwardmost position as shown in Figure 4a, and a rearwardmost position, as shown in Figure 4b.
The piston 104 has a front face 110 and a rear face 112. A
rod 114 may be connected at a first end to the rear face 112 of the piston 104, and at a second end to a back plate 116. The back plate 116 may, in turn, be connected to the bolt 97. The rod 114 may be a two stage rod, and may have a front portion 120 and a rear portion 121. The front portion 120 is connected to the rear face 112 of the piston 104, and extends out of the rearwardmost end of the pneumatic cylinder housing 102. Thus, the pressure bearing surface area of the rear face 112 is smaller than the pressure bearing surface area of the front face 110, because of the surface area occupied on the rear face 112 by the front portion 120 of the rod 114.
For example, if the front portion 120 of the rod 114 is generally cylindrical, the pressure bearing surface area on the rear face 112 will be an annulus having a surface area that is equal to the overall surface area of the rear face 112 minus the cross-sectional area of the front portion 120. It will be noted that, the front portion 120 of the rod 114 extends out of the housing 102, throughout the range of motion of the piston 104. This provides a constant pressure bearing surface area on the rear face 112 of the piston 104, that is smaller than that of the front face 110. The pressure bearing surface areas on the rear and the front faces 112 and 110 are discussed further below.
The rear portion 121 has been described as being smaller in diameter than the front portion 120. It is alternatively possible for a rod to be provided wherein the rear portion is the same diameter as the front portion (ie. whereby the entire rod is of a constant diameter, and is suited to occupy a selected portion of the surface area on the rear face 112 of the piston 104). However, it is not necessary for the entire rod to be of a constant diameter.
The actuator regulator 101 is mounted in fluid communication with the air conduit 98 to receive air from the primary regulator (not shown).
More specifically, the paintball marker 94 may include a manifold 122 that has an internal air conduit 123 therein that is in fluid communication with the air conduit 98.
The manifold 122 has a first port 123a for connection to the actuator regulator 101. The manifold 122 may optionally also include a second port 123b, which may be used as desired, or which may be plugged when not in use. It is alternatively possible for the primary regulator (not shown) to be connected directly into the manifold 122 using the optional port 123b, instead of being connected to the air conduit inlet 98a. In that case, it will be appreciated that the inlet 98a would require plugging.
The control valve 100 controls the movement of the piston 104 by controlling the flow of air from the regulator 101 to the first and second ports 106 and 108 on the pneumatic cylinder 99. The control valve 100 has a single inlet port 124, a first outlet port 126 and a second outlet port 128.
The inlet port 124 is connected to the regulator 101 by means of a first conduit 130. The first outlet port 126 is connected to the first port 106 on the pneumatic cylinder 99 by means of a second conduit 132. The second outlet port 128 is connected to the second port 108 on the pneumatic cylinder 99 by means of a third conduit 134.
Reference is made to Figures 5a and 5b which show the control valve 100 in more detail, and which illustrate its operation. The control valve 100 includes a housing 136 and an actuator 138. The housing 136 defines an internal passage 140 therethrough. The inlet port 124 and the first and second outlet ports 126 and 128 each communicate with the internal passage 140 and are arranged in a linear orientation on the housing 136, with the inlet port 124 positioned between the two outlet ports 126 and 128. The housing 136 has a first end 142 in which is positioned a first vent 144. The housing 136 has a second end 146 in which is positioned a second vent 148. The actuator 138 includes a first seal 150 and a second seal 152. In a first control valve position, which is shown in Figure 5a, the first seal 150 is positioned between the inlet port 124 and the first outlet port 126, so that fluid communication between these two ports is prevented.
Furthermore, the first outlet port 126 is in fluid communication with the first vent 144, which causes the portion of the pneumatic cylinder housing 102 in front of the piston 104 to be at substantially atmospheric pressure (see Figure 4a). The first and second seals 150 and 152 cooperate to define a chamber around the inlet port 124 and the second outlet port 128. In doing so, the control valve 100 transmits air from the regulator 101 to the portion of the pneumatic cylinder housing 102 behind the piston 104, which drives the piston 104 to its forwardmost position, as shown in Figure 4a.
Reference is made to Figure 5b, which shows the control valve 100 in a second control valve position. In this position, the second seal 152 is positioned between the inlet port 124 and the second outlet port 128, preventing them from communicating with each other. Furthermore, the second outlet port 128 is in fluid communication with the second vent 148, and consequently the portion of the pneumatic cylinder housing 102 behind the piston 104 is at substantially atmospheric pressure (see Figure 4b).
Furthermore, the first and second seals 150 and 152 cooperate to define a chamber around the inlet port 124 and the first outlet port 126, so that air is transmitted from the actuator regulator 101 to the portion of the pneumatic cylinder housing in front of the piston 104 (see Figure 4b).
The movement of the actuator 138 between the first and second control valve positions may be initiated by moving a trigger 154 which may be connected to the actuator 138 by any suitable means (not shown). The connection means may be mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, electronic, or any combination thereof.
It will be noted that in the embodiment shown in Figures 4a and 4b, the same air pressure is used to actuate the piston 104 in both directions, i.e. towards its forwardmost position and towards its rearwardmost position. However, because the pressure bearing surface area of the rear face 112 of the piston 104 is smaller than that of the front face 110, the force with which the piston 104 is driven towards its forwardmost position is smaller than the force with which the piston 104 is driven towards its rearwardmost position. The pressure bearing surface area on the rear face 112 may be selected so that the force with which the bolt 97 is moved towards the closed position is low enough to inhibit the rupturing of a paintball 12 in the event of a paintball mis-feed.
Reference is made to Figures 6 and 7. A kit of parts 156 is shown in Figure 6, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. The kit of parts 156 can be retrofitted to a paintball marker 158 of the prior art, as shown in Figure 7, to provide the paintball marker 158 with a reduced tendency for rupturing paintballs during bolt closure. The kit of parts 156 includes a control valve 160, a regulator 162, a conduit 163 and a manifold 164.
The control valve 160 may be similar to the control valve 38 in the embodiment shown in Figure 1a. The control valve 160 includes a first inlet port 166, a second inlet port 168, a first outlet port 170 and a second outlet port 171.
The regulator 162 may be similar to the regulator 42 in the embodiment shown in Figure 1a. The regulator 162 may be configured to produce an outlet pressure of approximately 10-50 psi.
The manifold 164 may be similar to the manifold 54 in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 a. The manifold 164 has an air conduit 165 therein, and has a first port 165a and a second port 165b in communication with the air conduit 165. The manifold 164 may also have a third port 165c in communication with the air conduit 165. The port 165c is shown as being plugged in Figure 6, since the kit of parts 156 can operate without the need for the port 165c.
Referring to Figure 7, the paintball marker 158 of the prior art includes a body 172 that defines a breech 174 for receiving a paintball 12 to be fired. A bolt 176 is slideable within the breech 174, between a closed position, as shown in Figure 7, and an open position (not shown).
A pneumatic cylinder 178 is operatively connected the bolt 176 for moving the bolt 176 between the open and closed positions. The pneumatic cylinder 178 includes a housing 180 and a piston 182. The housing 180 has a first port 184 and a second port 186.
A control valve 188 is used to control the movement of the piston 182 in the pneumatic cylinder 178. The control valve 188 may be similar to the control valve 100 in the embodiment shown in Figure 4a, and includes an inlet port 190, a first outlet port 192 and a second outlet port 194. The inlet port 190 is connected to the outlet of a pressure regulator 196 by means of a first conduit 198. The first outlet port 192 is connected to the first port 184 on the pneumatic cylinder 178 by means of a second conduit 200. The second outlet port 194 is connected to the second port 186 on the pneumatic cylinder 178 by means of a third conduit 202.
The control valve 188 is used to direct air from the regulator 196 to either of the two ports 184 and 186 on the pneumatic cylinder 178.
Thus, the same air pressure is used to drive the piston 182 in both directions, i.e., towards its forwardmost position, and towards its rearwardmost position. The pressure bearing surface area of the piston 182 is substantially the same on both its front face and its rear face, and as a result, the force exerted on the piston 182 by the air is substantially the same in both directions.
The paintball marker 158 may be connectable to a pressurized air tank 400 (Figure 1 i) and a primary regulator (not shown) through an air conduit 204 which has an inlet 204a, and in turn, through a manifold 206, which has an air conduit 208 that is in communication with the air conduit 204. The manifold 206 has a first port 208a, which communicates pressurized air from the primary regulator (not shown) to the actuator regulator 196. The manifold 206 may have a second port 208b, which is typically plugged. The manifold 206 may be removable from the body 172 of the marker 158.

In order to prepare the paintball marker 158 for retrofit with the kit of parts 156, the control valve 188 is removed from the paintball marker 158. The manifold 196 may be removed from the paintball marker 158. The conduits 198, 200, and 202 are not required to be removed from the regulator 196 and the pneumatic cylinder 178, respectively.
The manifold 164 may be mounted to the body 172 so that the manifold air conduit 165 is in fluid communication with the air conduit 204.
The control valve 160 (Figure 6) may be attached to the manifold 164, or alternatively to the body 172. The regulators 196 and 162 and the pneumatic cylinder 178 may be mounted to the manifold 164. Alternatively, some or all of these components may be mounted to the body 172.
However, the regulators 196 and 162 are to be mounted in any case so that they are each in fluid communication with the air conduit 165, eg. through the ports 165a and 165b.
Reference is made to Figure 8, which shows a paintball marker 210, which is the paintball marker 158 of Figure 7 retrofitted with the kit of parts 156 of Figure 6. The conduit 198 leading from the regulator 196 may be connected to the first inlet port 166. The conduit 200 leading from the first port 184 on the pneumatic cylinder 178 may be connected to the first outlet port 170. The conduit 202 leading from the second port 186 on the pneumatic cylinder 178 may be connected to the second outlet port 171.
The outlet of the regulator 162 may be connected to the second inlet port 168 on the control valve 160 by means of the conduit 163. Once the above steps are completed, the paintball marker 158 of the prior art (Figure 7) has been converted into the paintball marker 210. The control valve 160 controls the actuation of the pneumatic cylinder 178, instead of the control valve 188 (Figure 7). Similarly to the control valve 38 in the embodiment shown in Figure 1a, the control valve 160 directs air from the regulator 162 to drive the piston 182 towards its forwardmost position, and directs air from the regulator 196 to drive the piston 182 towards its rearwardmost position.
Because the regulator 162 provides air at a lower pressure than the regulator 196, the force with which the bolt 176 closes is less than the force with which the bolt 176 opens. The pressure of the air provided by the regulator 162 may be selected to inhibit rupturing of paintballs 12 in the event that the bolt 176 jams against a paintball 12 during bolt closure.
Optionally, the kit of parts 156 of Figure 6 may be provided with enough conduit to replace the conduits 198, 200 and 202. The conduits 198, 200 and 202 may require replacement if they are damaged during disconnection from the control valve 188 and from the regulator 196. The conduit provided with the kit of parts 156 may be cut into separate lengths configured to replace the conduits 198, 200 and 202, as well as a length for the conduit 163. Alternatively, the conduit provided with the kit of parts 156 may be a single length of conduit that the user can cut as desired to provide the conduit 163 and to replace whichever of the conduits 198, 200 and 202 require replacement, if any. As another option, the kit of parts 156 of Figure 6 may lack any conduits, with the expectation that any conduits that are required may be supplied by the user who acquires the kit of parts 156 for retrofit it to the marker 158.
In the case where the existing manifold 206 (Figure 7) on the paintball marker 158 of the prior art, includes the second port 208b (Figure 7), the manifold 164 (Figure 6) is not required to be included in the kit of parts 156 (Figure 6). This is because the second regulator 162 (Figure 6) may be connected into the port 208b (Figure 6) on the existing manifold 206 (Figure 6). In this case, it is not important whether the existing manifold (Figure 6) is a separate piece that is removable from the paintball marker 158 (Figure 7) or is integral with the body 172 (Figure 7) of the marker 158 (Figure 6).
Furthermore, the second regulator 162 (Figure 8) has been described as being connected to a second port 165b (Figure 8) or 208b (Figure 7) that is provided on the manifold 164 (Figure 8) or 206 (Figure 7), so that the second regulator 162 (Figure 8) is in fluid communication with the pressurized air from the primary regulator (not shown). It is not important how the second regulator 162 (Figure 8) is made to be in communication with the pressurized air. It may be by any means. For example, in the case (not shown) where the existing manifold does not include a second port and is not removable, the user may be instructed to machine a second port into the existing manifold for receiving the second regulator 162 (Figure 8). Thus, in this instance, the new manifold 164 (Figure 6) may be omitted from the kit of parts 156 (Figure 6).
Referring to Figure 6, the regulator 162 has been described as being included as part of the kit of parts 156. It is alternatively possible for the kit of parts 156 to not have a regulator for providing air at a second pressure. Instead, the user may be instructed to provide an equivalent to the regulator 162, and to connect it to the marker 158 to provide air at the second pressure, eg. 10-50 psi.
Reference is made to Figure 9, which shows a combined unit 212, having therein a pneumatic cylinder 214 and a control valve 216. The combined cylinder / valve unit 212 may be used to replace the pneumatic cylinder 37 and the control valve 38 in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1a. Furthermore, it is possible that the combined cylinder /
valve unit 212 may be included as part of the kit of parts 156 shown in Figure 6, instead of the control valve 160. Referring to Figure 7, the pneumatic cylinder 178 and the control valve 188 would, in this case, be removed from the paintball marker 158 and replaced by the combined unit 212. The connection means between the trigger and the control valve 216 may, in this case, require some reconfiguring due to the new positioning of the control valve 216, relative to the position of the original control valve 188.
The combined unit 212 has a body 218. The body 218 has a first portion 220 that serves as a cylinder housing, and a second portion 222 that serves as a control valve housing. A first port 224 and a second port 226 permit fluid communication between the cylinder housing 220 and the control valve housing 222. The first and second ports 224 and 226 serve as first and second outlet ports from the control valve 216, and also serve as first and second inlet ports for the cylinder 214.

A piston 228 is positioned in the cylinder housing 220. The piston 228 is moveable in the cylinder housing 220 between the first and second ports 224 and 226, based on the entry and discharge of pressurized air through the first and second ports 224 and 226. A rod 230 extends from the piston and may be connected directly or indirectly to a back plate on a paintball marker of the present invention.
The control valve housing 222 has a first end 232 in which there is a first vent 234, and a second end 236 in which there is a second vent 238. The first and second vents 234 and 238 permit pressurized air in the cylinder 214 to discharge as required during movement of the piston 228.
The control valve housing 222 has a first inlet port 240 and a second inlet port 242. The inlet ports 240 and 242 are positioned generally centrally, and may be circumferentially opposed to the first and second outlet ports 224 and 226, to facilitate connection to other components, such as conduits for pressurized air.
An actuator 244, which may be similar to the actuator 74, is positioned in the control valve housing 222. The actuator 244 is moveable within the control valve housing 222 to permit fluid communication between either the first inlet and outlet ports 240 and 224, or between the second inlet and outlet ports 242 and 226. If the first inlet and outlet ports 240 and 224 are permitted to communicate, eg. in the control valve position shown in Figure 9, the second outlet port 226 is in fluid communication with the second vent 238. If the second inlet and outlet ports 242 and 226 are permitted to communicate (not shown), the first outlet port 224 is in fluid communication with the first vent 234. In this way, when the portion of the cylinder housing 220 behind the piston 228 is being charged with pressurized air, the portion of the cylinder housing 220 in front of the piston 228 is venting pressurized air, and vice versa.
It has been described that the combined cylinder / control valve unit 212 could be provided with the paintball marker 10 (Figure 1a) and the kit of parts 156 (Figure 6). It is alternatively possible to have a similar combined cylinder / control valve unit (not shown) that would be an analogous combination of the pneumatic cylinder 99 and the control valve 100 (Figure 4a). In that instance, the cylinder would include first and second ports which would communicate with the control valve, however, the control valve would include a single inlet port, since the unit would not require inlet air at two different pressures to operate.
In all of the embodiments described above, particular examples of control valve have been provided. It will be noted that any suitable type of control valve may be used instead of those described above.
In the embodiments shown in Figures 1a and 8, the markers 10 and 210 have two regulators, one of which provides a higher pressure for opening the bolt, and one of which provides a lower pressure for closing the bolt. It is alternatively possible for the markers 10 and 210 to have a single regulator (not shown) that has two outputs, one output at a higher pressure and one output at a lower pressure, to replace the two separate regulators included in the markers 10 and 210.
In each of the embodiments described above, the outputs of the control valves have been shown to be connected to the ports on the pneumatic cylinder in a certain way. It is alternatively possible for the connections between the ports on the control valve and the ports on the pneumatic cylinder to be reversed, so that the control valve actuator would move forward to effect forward movement of the piston, and the control valve actuator would move rearward to effect rearward movement of the piston. Such a configuration may be used, depending on the mechanism connecting the trigger to the control valve.
The flow control valve may be operatively connected to a bolt for controlling movement of the bolt between an open position permitting entry of a paintball into the marker, and a closed position wherein the bolt abuts a chambered paintball.

Reference has been made throughout this description to an air tank and to using air to operate the actuators in accordance with the present invention. It will be appreciated that any suitable gas may be used instead of air, to operate the actuators of the embodiments described herein.
While the above description constitutes the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that the present invention is susceptible to modification and change without departing from the fair meaning of the accompanying claims.

Claims

Claims:

1. A paintball marker comprising:
a body, said body defining a breech, said breech having a paintball inlet;
a bolt, wherein said bolt is slideable within said breech between an open position wherein said bolt permits entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech and a closed position wherein said bolt prevents entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech;
and an actuator, wherein said actuator is operatively connected to said bolt, and wherein said actuator is adapted to apply an opening force to move said bolt towards said open position and a closing force to move said bolt towards said closed position, and wherein said opening force is different from said closing force.

2. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 1, wherein said closing force is less than said opening force.

3. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 1, wherein said actuator includes a pneumatic cylinder, said pneumatic cylinder includes a cylinder housing, said cylinder housing includes a first cylinder port and a second cylinder port, and wherein said pneumatic cylinder further includes a piston, and said piston is slideable within said cylinder housing between said first and second cylinder ports.

4. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 3, wherein said actuator includes a control valve for controlling gas flow to said first and second cylinder ports, and wherein said control valve is adapted to send gas at a first pressure to said first cylinder port to move said piston in a first direction and said control valve is adapted to send gas at a second pressure to said second cylinder port to move said piston in a second direction.

5. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 4, wherein said actuator further includes a first regulator, said first regulator is fluidly connectable to a gas source, said first regulator is adapted to reduce pressure of said gas to said first pressure, and said first regulator is fluidly connected to and upstream from said control valve, and wherein said actuator further includes a second regulator, said second regulator is fluidly connectable to said gas source, said second regulator is adapted to reduce pressure of said gas to said second pressure, and said second regulator is fluidly connected to and upstream from said control valve, wherein said control valve is adapted to send gas from said first regulator to said first cylinder port and said control valve is adapted to send gas from said second regulator to said second cylinder port.

6. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 5, further comprising a manifold, wherein said manifold is adapted to be downstream from and in fluid communication with said pressurized gas source, and is upstream from and in fluid communication with said first and second regulators.

7. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 6, wherein said manifold is separate from and mounted to said body.

8. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 4, wherein said control valve and said pneumatic cylinder are connected to each other to form a combined cylinder / control valve unit.

9. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 8, wherein said control valve and said pneumatic cylinder are integrally connected to each other

10. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 3, wherein said piston has a first face, said first face is adapted to be exposed to gas pressure from gas at said first cylinder port, and said first face has a first pressure bearing surface area, and wherein said piston has a second face, said second face is adapted to be exposed to gas pressure from gas at said second cylinder port, and said second face has a second pressure bearing surface area, wherein said second pressure bearing surface area is different from said first pressure bearing surface area.

11. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 9, wherein said second pressure bearing surface area is smaller than said first pressure bearing surface area.

12. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 1, wherein said closing force is below a selected value.

13. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 1, wherein said closing force is below a selected value to inhibit rupturing of a paintball if, during use, said paintball is confined by said bolt during movement of said bolt towards said closed position.

14. An actuator for a paintball marker, said paintball marker including a body, said body defining a breech, said breech having a paintball inlet, said paintball marker further including a bolt, wherein said bolt is slideable within said breech between an open position wherein said bolt permits entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech and a closed position wherein said bolt prevents entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech, said paintball marker further including a pneumatic cylinder, wherein said pneumatic cylinder is operatively connected to said bolt, the actuator comprising:
a control valve, wherein said control valve is positionable in a first control valve position wherein said control valve is adapted to transmit gas at a first pressure to said pneumatic cylinder for driving said bolt towards said open position, and said control valve is positionable in a second control valve position wherein said control valve is adapted to transmit gas at a second pressure to said pneumatic cylinder to drive said bolt towards said closed position, wherein said second pressure is different from said first pressure.

15. An actuator as claimed in claim 14, wherein said paintball marker further includes a first regulator, wherein said first regulator is fluidly connectable to a pressurized gas source and is adapted to provide gas at said first pressure, and said actuator further includes a second regulator, wherein said second regulator is fluidly connectable to said pressurized gas source and is adapted to provide gas at said second pressure.

16. An actuator as claimed in claim 15, wherein said control valve has a first valve inlet port that is adapted for receiving gas from said first regulator and a second valve inlet port that is adapted for receiving gas from said second regulator.

17. An actuator as claimed in claim 16, wherein said cylinder has a first cylinder port for receiving gas to drive said bolt towards said open position and a second cylinder port for receiving gas to drive said bolt towards said closed position, and wherein said control valve has a first outlet port that is adapted for sending gas received from said first regulator to said first cylinder port and a second outlet port that is adapted for sending gas received from said second regulator to said second cylinder port.

18. An actuator as claimed in claim 14, wherein said second pressure is less than said first pressure.

19. An actuator as claimed in claim 15, further comprising a manifold, wherein said manifold is mountable downstream from and in fluid communication with said pressurized gas source, and upstream from and in fluid communication with said first and second regulators.

20. An actuator as claimed in claim 14, wherein said control valve is part of a combined cylinder / control valve unit, wherein said combined cylinder /
control valve unit includes a second pneumatic cylinder.

21. An actuator as claimed in claim 20, wherein said control valve and said pneumatic cylinder are integrally connected to each other.

22. A method for controlling flow of paintballs through a paintball inlet into a breech defined in a body of a paintball marker, said paintball marker including a bolt, wherein said bolt is slideable within said breech, the method comprising:
applying an opening force to said bolt to move said bolt to an open position to permit entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech; and applying a closing force to said bolt to move said bolt to a closed position to prevent entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech, wherein said closing force is different from said opening force.

23. A method as claimed in claim 22, wherein said closing force is less than said opening force.

24. A paintball marker comprising:
a body, said body defining a breech, said breech having a paintball inlet;
a bolt, wherein said bolt is slideable within said breech between an open position wherein said bolt permits entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech and a closed position wherein said bolt prevents entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech;
and a pneumatic cylinder, said pneumatic cylinder includes a cylinder housing, said cylinder housing includes a first cylinder port and a second cylinder port, and wherein said pneumatic cylinder further includes a piston, and said piston is slideable within said cylinder housing between said first and second cylinder ports, wherein said piston is operatively connected to said bolt; and a control valve for controlling gas flow to said first and second cylinder ports, wherein said control valve is adapted to send gas to said first cylinder port to move said piston in a first direction to move said bolt towards said open position with an opening force and said control valve is adapted to send gas to said second cylinder port to move said piston in a second direction to move said bolt towards said closed position with a closing force, wherein said closing force is below a selected value to inhibit rupturing of a paintball if, during use, said paintball is confined by said bolt during movement of said bolt towards said closed position.

25. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 24, wherein said control valve is adapted to send gas at a first pressure to said first cylinder port to move said piston in said first direction and said control valve is adapted to send gas at a second pressure to said second cylinder port to move said piston in said second direction.

26. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 24, further comprising a first regulator, said first regulator is fluidly connectable to a gas source, said first regulator is adapted to reduce pressure of said gas to said first pressure, and said first regulator is fluidly connected to and upstream from said control valve, and wherein said paintball marker further includes a second regulator, said second regulator is fluidly connectable to said gas source, said second regulator is adapted to reduce pressure of said gas to said second pressure, and said second regulator is fluidly connected to and upstream from said control valve.

27. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 24, wherein said piston has a first face, said first face is adapted to be exposed to gas pressure from gas at said first cylinder port, and said first face has a first pressure bearing surface area, and wherein said piston has a second face, said second face is adapted to be exposed to gas pressure from gas at said second cylinder port, and said second face has a second pressure bearing surface area, wherein said second pressure bearing surface area is less than said first pressure bearing surface area.

28. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 24, wherein said control valve and said pneumatic cylinder are connected to each other to form a combined cylinder / control valve unit.

29. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 28, wherein said control valve and said pneumatic cylinder are integrally connected to each other.

30. A paintball marker comprising:
a body, said body defining a breech, said breech having a paintball inlet;
a bolt, wherein said bolt is slideable within said breech between an open position wherein said bolt permits entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech and a closed position wherein said bolt prevents entry of a paintball through said paintball inlet into said breech;
and an actuator, wherein said actuator is operatively connected to said bolt, said actuator is adapted to apply a closing force to move said bolt towards said closed position, wherein said closing force is below a selected value.

31. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 30, wherein said closing force is less than said opening force.

32. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 30, wherein said actuator includes a pneumatic cylinder, said pneumatic cylinder includes a cylinder housing, said cylinder housing includes a first cylinder port and a second cylinder port, and wherein said pneumatic cylinder further includes a piston, and said piston is slideable within said cylinder housing between said first and second cylinder ports.

33. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 32, wherein said actuator includes a control valve for controlling gas flow to said first and second cylinder ports, and wherein said control valve is adapted to send gas at a first pressure to said first cylinder port to move said piston in a first direction and said control valve is adapted to send gas at a second pressure to said second cylinder port to move said piston in a second direction.

34. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 33, wherein said actuator further includes a first regulator, said first regulator is fluidly connectable to a gas source, said first regulator is adapted to reduce pressure of said gas to said first pressure, and said first regulator is fluidly connected to and upstream from said control valve, and wherein said actuator further includes a second regulator, said second regulator is fluidly connectable to said gas source, said second regulator is adapted to reduce pressure of said gas to said second pressure, and said second regulator is fluidly connected to and upstream from said control valve, wherein said control valve is adapted to send gas from said first regulator to said first cylinder port and said control valve is adapted to send gas from said second regulator to said second cylinder port.

35. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 34, wherein said piston has a first face, said first face is adapted to be exposed to gas pressure from gas at said first cylinder port, and said first face has a first pressure bearing surface area, and wherein said piston has a second face, said second face is adapted to be exposed to gas pressure from gas at said second cylinder port, and said second face has a second pressure bearing surface area, wherein said second pressure bearing surface area is different from said first pressure bearing surface area.

36. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 35, wherein said second pressure bearing surface area is smaller than said first pressure bearing surface area.

37. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 33, wherein said control valve and said pneumatic cylinder are connected to each other to form a combined cylinder / control valve unit.

38. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 37, wherein said control valve and said pneumatic cylinder are integrally connected to each other.

39. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 30, wherein said actuator further includes a first regulator, said first regulator is fluidly connectable to a gas source, said first regulator is adapted to reduce pressure of said gas to a first pressure, and wherein said actuator further includes a second regulator, said second regulator is fluidly connectable to said gas source, said second regulator is adapted to reduce pressure of said gas to a second pressure that is lower than said first pressure, and wherein the paintball marker further includes a firing mechanism that is configured to be controlled by air at said first pressure, and wherein said actuator is configured to move said bolt to said closed position using air at said second pressure.

40. A paintball marker as claimed in claim 38, wherein said actuator is configured to move said bolt to said open position using air at said second pressure.