CA2414916A1 - Implantable and insertable passive tags - Google Patents

Implantable and insertable passive tags Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2414916A1
CA2414916A1 CA 2414916 CA2414916A CA2414916A1 CA 2414916 A1 CA2414916 A1 CA 2414916A1 CA 2414916 CA2414916 CA 2414916 CA 2414916 A CA2414916 A CA 2414916A CA 2414916 A1 CA2414916 A1 CA 2414916A1
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
transducer
responsive
tag
acoustic waves
signals
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA 2414916
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French (fr)
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CA2414916C (en
Inventor
Assaf Govari
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Biosense Webster Inc
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Biosense Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biosense Inc filed Critical Biosense Inc
Publication of CA2414916A1 publication Critical patent/CA2414916A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2414916C publication Critical patent/CA2414916C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
    • A61B5/061—Determining position of a probe within the body employing means separate from the probe, e.g. sensing internal probe position employing impedance electrodes on the surface of the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
    • A61B8/0833—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00411—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like actuated by application of energy from an energy source outside the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3403—Needle locating or guiding means
    • A61B2017/3413—Needle locating or guiding means guided by ultrasound
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2051—Electromagnetic tracking systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/20—Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
    • A61B2034/2046—Tracking techniques
    • A61B2034/2063—Acoustic tracking systems, e.g. using ultrasound
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0818—Redundant systems, e.g. using two independent measuring systems and comparing the signals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3904—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers specially adapted for marking specified tissue
    • A61B2090/3908—Soft tissue, e.g. breast tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3925—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers ultrasonic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3925—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers ultrasonic
    • A61B2090/3929—Active markers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/39—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers
    • A61B2090/3954—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers magnetic, e.g. NMR or MRI
    • A61B2090/3958—Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers magnetic, e.g. NMR or MRI emitting a signal

Abstract

Apparatus for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject includes at least one acoustic wave generator, adapted to direct a first acoustic wave toward the body at a first frequency. An acoustic tag is adapted to be fixed to the object, the tag including a shell defining a cavity therein and a medium contained within the shell, such that responsive to incidence thereon of the first acoustic wave, the tag emits a second acoustic wave at a second frequency, different from the first frequency. One or more detectors are adapted to detect the second acoustic wave and to generate signals responsive thereto. A signal processor is coupled to process the signals so as to determine coordinates of the object in the body.

Claims (48)

1. Apparatus for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject, comprising:
at least one acoustic wave generator, adapted to direct a first acoustic wave toward the body at a first frequency;
an acoustic tag adapted to be fixed to the object, the tag comprising a shell defining a cavity therein and a medium contained within the shell, such that responsive to incidence thereon of the first acoustic wave, the tag emits a second acoustic wave at a second frequency, different from the first frequency;
one or more detectors, adapted to detect the second acoustic wave and to generate signals responsive thereto; and a signal processor, coupled to process the signals so as to determine coordinates of the object in the body.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein there is substantially no wired connection to the tag.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tag has an axis and is constructed so that responsive to incidence thereon of the first acoustic wave, the tag emits the second acoustic wave at the second frequency with a first pattern of intensity variation relative to the axis, and a third acoustic wave at a third frequency, different from the first and second frequencies, with a second pattern of intensity variation relative to the axis, and wherein responsive to detection of the second and third acoustic waves by the one or more detectors, the signal processor is adapted to determine an angular orientation of the object responsive to a difference between the first and second patterns.
4. Apparatus for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject, comprising:
at least one acoustic wave generator, adapted to direct acoustic waves toward the body over a range of frequencies, including at least first and second frequencies;
an acoustic tag adapted to be fixed to the object, the tag being constructed so as to reflect the acoustic waves at the first frequency with a first spatial pattern of intensity variation, and to reflect the acoustic waves at the second frequency with a second spatial pattern of intensity variation;
one or more detectors, adapted to detect the reflected acoustic waves and to generate signals responsive thereto; and a signal processor, coupled to process the signals so as to determine an angular orientation coordinate of the object in the body responsive to a difference between the first and second spatial patterns.
5. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the signal processor is further adapted to determine position coordinates of the object responsive to the signals.
6. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the tag has an axis, and wherein the tag is constructed so that in the first spatial pattern, the acoustic waves are reflected predominantly in a first direction relative to the axis, while in the second spatial pattern, the acoustic waves are reflected predominantly in a second direction relative to the axis, different from the first direction.
7. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein there is substantially no wired connection to the tag.
8. Apparatus for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject, comprising:

at least one acoustic wave generator, adapted to direct acoustic waves toward the body;
a transducer adapted to be fixed to the object and constructed to emit electromagnetic radiation responsive to the acoustic waves with a response that varies depending on an orientation angle of the transducer relative to the at least one acoustic wave generator;
one or more detectors, adapted to detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transducer and to generate signals responsive thereto; and a signal processor, coupled to process the signals so as to determine an angular orientation coordinate of the object in the body.
9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric crystal, which is polarized so as to respond anisotropically to the acoustic waves.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the piezoelectric crystal has multiple opposing faces, and wherein the transducer further comprises a plurality of resonant circuit elements having different, respective resonant frequencies, the circuit elements being coupled between respective pairs of the faces of the crystal so as to emit the electromagnetic radiation at the different resonant frequencies with respective amplitudes that vary responsive to the orientation angle of the transducer.
11. Apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the circuit elements comprise coils having different, respective values of inductance.
12. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the signal processor is further adapted to determine position coordinates of the object responsive to the signals.
13. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the transducer comprises a magnetostrictive element, which is shaped so as to respond anisotropically to the acoustic waves.
14. Apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the magnetostrictive element is shaped to as to focus the electromagnetic radiation that it emits.
15. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein there is substantially no wired connection to the transducer.
16. Apparatus for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject, comprising:
at least one field generator, adapted to generate an electromagnetic field within the body;
a transducer adapted to be fixed to the object and constructed to emit acoustic waves responsive to the electromagnetic field;
one or more acoustic detectors, adapted to detect the acoustic waves emitted by the transducer and to generate signals responsive thereto; and a signal processor, coupled to process the signals so as to determine coordinates of the object in the body.
17. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric crystal, which is polarized so as to respond anisotropically to the electromagnetic field.
18. Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the piezoelectric crystal has multiple opposing faces, and wherein the transducer further comprises a plurality of resonant circuit elements having different, respective resonant frequencies, the circuit elements being coupled between respective pairs of the faces of the crystal so as to cause the crystal to emit the acoustic waves at the different resonant frequencies with respective amplitudes that vary responsive to the orientation angle of the transducer.
19. Apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the circuit elements comprise coils having different, respective values of inductance.
20. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the transducer comprises a magnetoacoustic transducer.
21. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the transducer comprises a magnetostrictive material.
22. Apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the magnetoacoustic transducer is shaped so as to respond anisotropically to the electromagnetic field, so that the acoustic waves emitted thereby vary as a function of an orientation angle of the transducer relative to the at least one field generator, and wherein the signal processor is adapted to determine the orientation angle of the object responsive to the signals.
23. Apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the magnetoacoustic element is shaped to as to focus the electromagnetic radiation that it emits.
24. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein there is substantially no wired connection to the transducer.
25. A method for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject, comprising:
fixing an acoustic tag to the object, the tag comprising a shell defining a cavity therein and a medium contained within the shell, such that responsive to incidence thereon of a first acoustic wave at a first frequency, the tag emits a second acoustic wave at a second frequency, different from the first frequency;

inserting the object into the body of the subject;
directing the first acoustic wave toward the body at the first frequency, causing the tag to emit the second acoustic wave at the second frequency;
detecting the second acoustic wave and generating signals responsive thereto; and processing the signals so as to determine coordinates of the object in the body.
26. A method according to claim 25, wherein fixing the tag to the object comprises fixing the tag so that when the objected is inserted into the body, there is substantially no wired connection between the tag and circuitry outside the body.
27. A method according to claim 25, wherein the tag has an axis and is constructed so that responsive to incidence thereon of the first acoustic wave, the tag emits the second acoustic wave at the second frequency with a first pattern of intensity variation relative to the axis, and a third acoustic wave at a third frequency, different from the first and second frequencies, with a second pattern of intensity variation relative to the axis, and comprising detecting the third acoustic wave and generating the signals responsive thereto, wherein processing the signals comprises determining an angular orientation of the object responsive to a difference between the first and second patterns.
28. A method for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject, comprising:
fixing an acoustic tag to the object, the tag being constructed so as to reflect acoustic waves at a first frequency with a first spatial pattern of intensity variation, and to reflect acoustic waves at a second frequency with a second spatial pattern of intensity variation;
29 inserting the object into the body of the subject;
directing the acoustic waves toward the body over a range of frequencies, including at least the first and second frequencies;
detecting the reflected acoustic waves and generating signals responsive thereto; and processing the signals so as to determine an angular orientation coordinate of the object in the body responsive to a difference between the first and second spatial patterns.

29. A method according to claim 28, wherein processing the signals further comprises determining position coordinates of the object responsive to the signals.
30. A method according to claim 28, wherein the tag has an axis, and wherein the tag is constructed so that in the first spatial pattern, the acoustic waves are reflected predominantly in a first direction relative to the axis, while in the second spatial pattern, the acoustic waves are reflected predominantly in a second direction relative to the axis, different from the first direction.
31. A method according to claim 28, wherein fixing the tag to the object comprises fixing the tag so that when the objected is inserted into the body, there is substantially no wired connection between the tag and circuitry outside the body.
32. A method for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject, comprising:
fixing a transducer to the object, the transducer being configured to emit electromagnetic radiation responsive to acoustic waves incident thereon with a response that varies depending on an orientation angle of the transducer relative to a source of the acoustic waves;
inserting the object into the body of the subject;

directing the acoustic waves toward the body;
detecting the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the transducer responsive to the acoustic waves, and generating signals responsive thereto; and processing the signals so as to determine an angular orientation coordinate of the object in the body.
33. A method according to claim 32, wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric crystal, which is polarized so as to respond anisotropically to the acoustic waves.
34. A method according to claim 33, wherein the piezoelectric crystal has multiple opposing faces, and wherein the transducer further comprises a plurality of resonant circuit elements having different, respective resonant frequencies, the circuit elements being coupled between respective pairs of the faces of the crystal so as to emit the electromagnetic radiation at the different resonant frequencies with respective amplitudes that vary responsive to the orientation angle of the transducer.
35. A method according to claim 34, wherein the circuit elements comprise coils having different, respective values of inductance.
36. A method according to claim 32, wherein processing the signals further comprises determining position coordinates of the object responsive to the signals.
37. A method according to claim 32, wherein the transducer comprises a magnetostrictive element, which is shaped so as to respond anisotropically to the acoustic waves.
38. A method according to claim 37, wherein the magnetostrictive element is shaped to as to focus the electromagnetic radiation that it emits.
39. A method according to claim 32, wherein fixing the transducer to the object comprises fixing the transducer so that when the objected is inserted into the body, there is substantially no wired connection between the transducer and circuitry outside the body.
40. A method for determining the position of an object within a body of a subject, comprising:
fixing a transducer to the object, the transducer being configured to emit acoustic waves responsive to an electromagnetic field that is incident thereon;
inserting the object into the body of the subject;
generating the electromagnetic field within the body;
detecting the acoustic waves emitted by the transducer and generating signals responsive thereto; and processing the signals so as to determine coordinates of the object in the body.
41. A method according to claim 40, wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric crystal, which is polarized so as to respond anisotropically to the electromagnetic field.
42. A method according to claim 41, wherein the piezoelectric crystal has multiple opposing faces, and wherein the transducer further comprises a plurality of resonant circuit elements having different, respective resonant frequencies, the circuit elements being coupled between respective pairs of the faces of the crystal so as to cause the crystal to emit the acoustic waves at the different resonant frequencies with respective amplitudes that vary responsive to the orientation angle of the transducer.
43. A method according to claim 42, wherein the circuit elements comprise coils having different, respective values of inductance.
44. A method according to claim 40, wherein the transducer comprises a magnetoacoustic transducer.
45. A method according to claim 41, wherein the transducer comprises a magnetostrictive material.
46. A method according to claim 41, wherein the magnetoacoustic transducer is shaped so as to respond anisotropically to the electromagnetic field, so that the acoustic waves emitted thereby vary as a function of an orientation angle of the transducer relative to the at least one field generator, and wherein processing the signals comprises determining the orientation angle of the object responsive to the signals.
47. A method according to claim 46, wherein the magnetoacoustic element is shaped to as to focus the electromagnetic radiation that it emits.
48. A method according to claim 40, wherein fixing the transducer to the object comprises fixing the transducer so that when the objected is inserted into the body, there is substantially no wired connection between the transducer and circuitry outside the body.
CA 2414916 2001-12-21 2002-12-20 Implantable and insertable passive tags Expired - Lifetime CA2414916C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/029,595 US7549960B2 (en) 1999-03-11 2001-12-21 Implantable and insertable passive tags
US10/029,595 2001-12-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2414916A1 true CA2414916A1 (en) 2003-06-21
CA2414916C CA2414916C (en) 2010-08-17

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Family Applications (1)

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CA 2414916 Expired - Lifetime CA2414916C (en) 2001-12-21 2002-12-20 Implantable and insertable passive tags

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US (1) US7549960B2 (en)
EP (5) EP1745756B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4540929B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20030053455A (en)
AT (3) ATE336202T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002318855B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2414916C (en)
CY (1) CY1105703T1 (en)
DE (3) DE60213947T2 (en)
DK (1) DK1325708T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2269620T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1054312B (en)
IL (1) IL153438A (en)
PT (1) PT1325708E (en)
SI (1) SI1325708T1 (en)

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