CA2394910A1 - Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser - Google Patents

Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2394910A1
CA2394910A1 CA002394910A CA2394910A CA2394910A1 CA 2394910 A1 CA2394910 A1 CA 2394910A1 CA 002394910 A CA002394910 A CA 002394910A CA 2394910 A CA2394910 A CA 2394910A CA 2394910 A1 CA2394910 A1 CA 2394910A1
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Canada
Prior art keywords
optical waveguide
waveguide
inner core
dimension
core
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002394910A
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French (fr)
Other versions
CA2394910C (en
Inventor
Martin A. Putnam
Robert N. Brucato
Paul E. Sanders
Timothy J. Bailey
James M. Sullivan
Alan D. Kersey
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Weatherford Technology Holdings LLC
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Individual
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Publication of CA2394910A1 publication Critical patent/CA2394910A1/en
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Publication of CA2394910C publication Critical patent/CA2394910C/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
    • G02B6/022—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile

Abstract

A large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser includes a waveguide (10) having at least one core surrounded by a cladding, the core propagating light in substantially a few transverse spatial modes; and having an outer waveguide dimension of said waveguide being greater than about 0.3mm. The waveguide may be axially compressed which causes the length of the waveguide to decrease without buckling. The waveguide may be used for any application where a waveguide needs to be compression tuned, e.g., compression-tuned fib er Bragg gratings and lasers or other applications. Also, the waveguide exhibit s lower mode coupling from the core to the cladding and allows for higher optical power to be used when writing gratings without damaging the waveguid e. The shape of the waveguide may have other geometries (e.g., a "dogbone" shap e) and/or more than one grating or pair of gratings may be used and more than o ne core may be used. The core and/or cladding may be doped with a rare-earth dopant and/or may be photosensitive. At least a portion of the core may be doped between a pair of gratings to form a fiber laser. Also a tunable DFB fiber laser or an interactive fiber laser can be constructed within the waveguide. The waveguide may resemble a short "block" or a longer "cane" typ e, depending on the application and dimensions used.

Claims (37)

1. An optical waveguide (10), comprising:
an outer cladding (14) having outer dimensions along perpendicular longitudinal and transverse directions, said outer dimension along the transverse direction being greater than 0.5 mm; and at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) disposed in said outer cladding (14), said inner core (12; 64; 68) propagating light in substantially a few spatial modes;
wherein at least a portion of the optical waveguide (10) has a transverse cross-section that is continuous and comprises a substantially similar material; and wherein at least a portion of said optical waveguide (10) has a substantially non-planar transverse cross-sectional geometry.
2. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said core (12; 64; 68) has an outer core (12; 64; 68) dimension of less than about 12.5 microns.
3. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said few spatial modes comprises less than about six spatial modes.
4. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said core (12; 64; 68) propagates light in substantially a single spatial mode.
5. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein a length of said waveguide (10) is greater than 3 mm and less than 100 mm
6. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, further comprising a reflective element (16) disposed in said waveguide (10).
7. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 6, wherein said reflective element (16) comprises a Bragg grating.
8. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 6, wherein said reflective element (16) is disposed in said core (12; 64; 68).
9. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of reflective elements (50, 52; 90, 92) embedded therein.
10. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said waveguide (10) comprises a plurality of said cores (60, 62, 63, 65).
11. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said waveguide (10) is doped with a rare-earth dopant along at least a portion of said waveguide (10).
12. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said waveguide (10) has at least one pair of reflective elements (90, 92) disposed therein and said waveguide (10) is doped with a rare-earth dopant along at least a portion of the distance between said pair of elements to form a fiber laser (84).
13. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 6, wherein at least a portion of said waveguide (10) is doped with a rare-earth dopant where said reflective element is located and said reflective element is configured to form a DFB laser (84).
14. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said waveguide (10) has a cylindrical shape.
15. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said waveguide (10) has a first portion having a first outer waveguide (10) dimension in the transverse direction and a second portion having a second outer waveguide (10) dimension in the transverse direction, wherein the first outer waveguide (10) dimension is greater than the second outer waveguide (10) dimension
16. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 15, wherein said shape of said waveguide (10) comprises a generally dogbone shape.
17. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said outer dimension of said waveguide (10) in the tranverse direction is the dimension selected from the group consisting of 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.7 mm, and 5.0 mm.
18. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said length of said waveguide (10) along the longitundinal direction is about the dimension selected from the group consisting of 3mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 21 mm, 23 mm, 25 mm, 27 mm, 29 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm, 34 mm, 36 mm, 38 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 75 mm, 80 mm, 85 mm, 90 mm, 95mm, and 100 mm.
19. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said outer dimension of said waveguide (10) in the transverse direction is greater than the dimension selected from the group consisting 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.7 mm, and 5.0 mm.
20. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said length of said waveguide (10) along the longitudinal direction is greater than about the dimension selected from the group consisting of 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 21 mm, 23 mm, 25 mm, 27 mm, 29 mm, 30 mm, 32 mm, 34 mm, 36 mm, 38 mm, 40 mm, 45 mm, 50 mm, 55 mm, 60 mm, 65 mm, 70 mm, 75 mm, 80 mm, 85 mm, 90 mm, 95mm, and 100 mm.
21. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said length of said waveguide (10) along the longitudinal direction is at least 3 mm.
22. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said transverse cross-sectional geometry of a portion of the optical waveguide (10) is substantially circular.
23. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said transverse cross-sectional geometry of a portion of the optical waveguide (10) is symmetrical.
24. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said transverse cross-sectional geometry of a portion of the optical waveguide (10) is asymmetrical.
25. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said at least one inner core (12;
64; 68) is disposed along a central axis.
26. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein the at least one inner core (12; 64;
68) is offset from a central axis.
27. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein the at least one inner core (12; 64;
68) comprising only a single core (12; 64; 68).
28. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said optical waveguide (10) is non-polarization maintaining.
29. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said material comprises silica.
30. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 1, wherein said core (12; 64; 68) comprising an indexing changing dopant.
31. An optical waveguide (10), comprising:
an outer cladding (14) having outer dimensions along perpendicular longitudinal and transverse directions; and at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) disposed in said outer cladding (14), said inner core (12; 64; 68) propagating light in a single mode; and at least one grating disposed in the at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) for reflecting a band of light centered about a wavelength;
wherein the outer dimension along the transverse direction is at least 0.3 nun and said outer dimension along the longitudinal direction is a predetermined such that the optical waveguide (10) will not buckle under a predetermined compressive force to provide a center wavelength shift of the reflective element (16) of approximately 10 nm.
32. An optical fiber, comprising:
an outer cladding (14) having outer dimensions along perpendicular longitudinal and transverse directions; and at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) disposed in said outer cladding (14), said inner core (12; 64; 68) propagating light in a single mode; and at least one grating disposed in the at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) for reflecting a band of light centered about a wavelength ~;
wherein the outer dimension along the transverse direction is at least 0.3 mm and said outer dimension along the longitudinal direction is not exceeding a critical length at which and below of which the optical waveguide (10) will not buckle under a predetermined compressive force to provide a center wavelength shift ~~, of the grating, with r being the radius of the optical fiber, p e being the photo-elastic coefficient of the fiber material, and .alpha. being the effective-length factor.
33. An optical waveguide (10), comprising:
an outer cladding (14) having outer dimensions along perpendicular longitudinal and transverse directions, said outer dimension along the transverse direction being greater than 0.5 mm; and at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) disposed in said outer cladding (14), said inner core (12; 64; 68) propagating light in substantially a few spatial modes;
wherein at least a portion of said optical waveguide (10) has a substantially circular cross-sectional geometry.
34. An optical waveguide (10), comprising:
an outer cladding (14) having outer dimensions along perpendicular longitudinal and transverse directions, said outer dimension along the transverse direction being greater than 0.5 mm; and at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) disposed in said outer cladding (14), said inner core (12; 64; 68) propagating light in substantially a few spatial modes;
wherein at least a portion of the optical waveguide (10) has a transverse cross-section that is continuous and comprises a substantially similar material; and wherein at least a portion of said optical waveguide (10) has a substantially non-planar transverse cross-sectional geometry, and said optical waveguide (10) is drawn.
35. An optical waveguide (10), comprising:
an outer cladding (14) having outer dimensions along perpendicular longitudinal and transverse directions, said outer dimension along the transverse direction being greater than 0.5 mm; and at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) disposed in said outer cladding (14), said inner core (12; 64; 68) propagating light in substantially a single mode;
wherein at least a portion of the optical waveguide (10) has a transverse cross-section that is continuous and comprises a substantially similar material; and wherein at least a portion of said optical waveguide (10) has a substantially non-planar transverse cross-sectional geometry.
36. An optical waveguide (10), comprising:
an outer cladding (14) having outer dimensions along perpendicular longitudinal and transverse directions, said outer dimension along the transverse direction being greater than 0.5 mm; and at least one inner core (12; 64; 68) disposed in said outer cladding (14), said inner core (12; 64; 68) propagating light in substantially a few spatial modes;
wherein at least a portion of the optical waveguide (10) has a transverse cross-section that is continuous and comprises a substantially homogenous material;
and wherein at least a portion of said optical waveguide (10) has a substantially non-planar transverse cross-sectional geometry.
37. The optical waveguide (10) of claim 35, wherein said material comprises silica.
CA2394910A 1999-12-06 2000-12-05 Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser Expired - Lifetime CA2394910C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/455,868 US6982996B1 (en) 1999-12-06 1999-12-06 Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser
US09/455,868 1999-12-06
PCT/US2000/032934 WO2001040835A2 (en) 1999-12-06 2000-12-05 Large diameter optical waveguide, grating, and laser

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2394910A1 true CA2394910A1 (en) 2001-06-07
CA2394910C CA2394910C (en) 2012-01-31

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Country Status (8)

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US (4) US6982996B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1236061B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003515781A (en)
KR (1) KR20020084070A (en)
CN (1) CN1433523A (en)
AU (1) AU3435201A (en)
CA (1) CA2394910C (en)
WO (1) WO2001040835A2 (en)

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US7437043B2 (en) 2008-10-14
AU3435201A (en) 2001-06-12
US8111963B2 (en) 2012-02-07
US20120082175A1 (en) 2012-04-05
KR20020084070A (en) 2002-11-04
CA2394910C (en) 2012-01-31
WO2001040835A2 (en) 2001-06-07
US8244088B2 (en) 2012-08-14
JP2003515781A (en) 2003-05-07
CN1433523A (en) 2003-07-30
EP1236061B1 (en) 2015-12-02
WO2001040835A3 (en) 2002-03-07
US6982996B1 (en) 2006-01-03
US20060171646A1 (en) 2006-08-03
US20080317420A1 (en) 2008-12-25

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