CA2333528C - A stabilized antihistamine syrup containing aminopolycarboxylic acid as stabilizer - Google Patents
A stabilized antihistamine syrup containing aminopolycarboxylic acid as stabilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CA2333528C CA2333528C CA002333528A CA2333528A CA2333528C CA 2333528 C CA2333528 C CA 2333528C CA 002333528 A CA002333528 A CA 002333528A CA 2333528 A CA2333528 A CA 2333528A CA 2333528 C CA2333528 C CA 2333528C
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0087—Galenical forms not covered by A61K9/02 - A61K9/7023
- A61K9/0095—Drinks; Beverages; Syrups; Compositions for reconstitution thereof, e.g. powders or tablets to be dispersed in a glass of water; Veterinary drenches
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, pantothenic acid
- A61K31/198—Alpha-aminoacids, e.g. alanine, edetic acids [EDTA]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/473—Quinolines; Isoquinolines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. acridines, phenanthridines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
- A61K47/183—Amino acids, e.g. glycine, EDTA or aspartame
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
- A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
- A61P27/14—Decongestants or antiallergics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Abstract
An antihistaminic syrup is stabilized against degradation of the active ingredient, by the addition of and about 0.05 to about 5 mg/mL of an aminopolycarboxylic acid such as a salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.< /SDOAB>
Description
A STABILIZED ANTIHISTAMINE SYRUP CONTAINING AMINOPOLYCARBOXYLIC ACID AS
STABILIZER
INTRODUCTION TO THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to the field of liquid pharmaceutical formulations, and more particularly to syrup formulations containing antihistamines.
Syrup formulations are commonly used for delivery of pharmacological agents, particularly where the agents are to be delivered to pediatric patients.
Traditional syrups are concentrated solutions of sugar (generally sucrose) in purified water, such as Syrup, NF prepared with 850 grams sucrose and sufficient water to make 1000 mL according to the procedure given in the official monograph at page 1990 of NF XVII The National Formulary, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, Maryland U.S.A., 1990.
However, for purposes of the present invention, the term "syrup" will also encompass those liquid formulations having a sweet taste provided wholly or partly by artificial sweeteners, such as saccharin, sorbitol, aspartame, sodium cyclamate and the like, for avoidance of dental and medical problems which may be aggravated by higher caloric sweeteners. As is well appreciated in the art, syrups frequently are flavored, such as with fruit or mint flavors, usually for purposes of masking an unpleasant taste caused by the presence of a dissolved or suspended pharmacologically active substance.
A pleasant taste is particularly important when the formulation is intended for ingestion by children. Typical fiavoring agents which are commonly used in -2_ sweetened pharmaceuticals, foods, candies, beverages and the like are also useful in the present invention; these materials impart flavors such as grape, cherry, citrus, peach, strawberry, bubble gum, peppermint and many others.
Syrups frequently must contain antimicrobial components to ensure safe storage without the proliferation of pathogenic molds, yeasts, bacteria and the like; a typical antimicrobial deemed suitable for use in foods and other ingestable substances is sodium benzoate. In addition, those syrups which do not contain sugar, or which contain a mixture of sugar and another sweetener, may contain thickening agents (such as a hydroxypropyl methyfcellulose, some forms of which are available from Dow Chemical, Midland, Michigan USA under the METHOCEL trademark) to provide a viscous mouth-feel similar to that of a traditional syrup.
An example of a currently marketed syrup contains 1 mg/mL of the antihistaminic drug loratadine, together with citric acid, artificial flavor, glycerin, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sucrose and water; this formulation typically has a pH value between about 2 and 4. However, under certain storage conditions involving contact with the air, losses of loratadine content, and a concomitant generation of impurities, have occurred. Similar problems can occur with formulations containing other, chemically related, drugs, such as descarboethoxyloratadine and azatadine.
J. S. Nairn, "Solutions, Emulsions, Suspensions and Extracts,"
Chapter 83 in A.R. Gennaro, Ed., Remington's Pharmaceutics! Sciences, 18th Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton Pennsylvania U.S.A., 1990 at pages 1519-1520 discusses the problem of active agent stability in aqueous media. It is stated that trace metal-initiated oxidation reactions can be minimized through the use of citric acid or EDTA sequestering agents.
It is desired to provide a storage-stable syrup formulation of loratadine or related antihistaminic components, which contains only components recognized as being safe for human ingestion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a syrup formulation containing loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, azatadine and combinations of two or more thereof, including any pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a stabilizing amount of an aminopolycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof. Suitable aminopolycarboxyl acids include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ("EDTA") and salts thereof, such as the disodium salt. The acid or salt is usually present in the formulation in concentrations about 0.05 mg/mL to about 5 mg/mL.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Loratadine is the drug name given to the compound known as ethyl 4-(8-chloro 5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)-1.-piperidinecarboxylate and having the empirical formula CZZHz3CIN202. A
structure for this compound is:
O;C~OC2H5 r CI
The compound descarboethoxyloratadine is an antihistaminic active metabolite of loratadine, having the following structure:
N
N.
c~ ~ l 1 /
A closely related antihistamine is azatadine, having the following structural formula:
N
N
\ / 1 /
Degradation of syrup formulations containing loratadine or related antihistamines is observed during storage stability,testing, as evidenced by declining concentrations of the active ingredient and a concomitant formation of impurities. Two of the impurities which form in loratadine syrups have been identified as 2-Hydroxymethyl loratadine ("2-HML") and 4-Hydroxymethyl loratadine ("4-HML"), while other unidentified impurities occur regularly and have been collectively denoted as "Group A"; these materials number about 5 to 7 and elute together in an HPLC analysis, at retention times which indicate a higher polarity than that of loratadine. The severity of the degradation may be at least approximately related to the volume in a product bottle which is not filled with syrup, i.e., the "headspace." As it is not practical to fill each bottle completely to the top, a test has been conducted where the headspace was filled with nitrogen gas; results were inconclusive, possibly due to the unavoidable oxygen permeability of the polymeric bottle closure.
Another test was conducted, wherein common antioxidant additives were incorporated into the syrup. Ideally, the antioxidant wilf be soluble in the syrup and is safe for use in foods and pharmaceutical preparations. Among the water-soluble materials, ascorbic acid at 0.1 and 1 mglmL was found to somewhat reduce degradation, but also caused an unacceptable strong color change in the product, while sodium bisulfite imparted a pungent, disagreeable odor to the syrup. The oil-soluble antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene and tocopherol were not soluble in the syrup, so also were not found acceptable.
It has been found that the addition of small amounts of an aminopolycarboxylic acid, the term specifically including salts of the acids, can stabilize the syrups against degradation. Useful aminopolycarboxylic acids and salts thereof are those which are safe for ingestion and have sufficient solubility in the syrup formulations to make a stable single phase composition. Commercially available compounds which could be used include iminodiacetic acid, methyliminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ("EDTA"), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-tetraacetic acid, N-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid and related compounds. Mixtures of two or more of the foregoing are suitable for use. From the aspects of ready availability, safety, efficacy and cost, the alkali metal salts of EDTA are presently preferred, and the remainder of this description will focus on those materials.
An aminopolycarboxylic acid or salt will typically be present in a syrup at about 0.05 mg/mL to about 5 mglmL. More preferably, the level of aminopolycarboxylic acid will be about 0.1 mglmL to about 1 mg/mL. As with any additive component in a formulation intended for ingestion, it is desirable to incorporate the minimum level which will yield the desired result. This level can be readily determined by means of an accelerated storage stability test, in which packages of the final product are stored at elevated temperatures above the usual storage temperatures to which the product is expected to be exposed; the present inventors have used temperatures up to 55°C for this purpose, although such temperatures tend to cause a minor discoloration (darkening) of the syrups, probably due to some carmelization of the contained sucrose. It is expected that most drug degradation reactions will be accelerated by the elevated temperature. At predetermined intervals, some of the packages are opened and analyzed to determine the amount of active ingredients and impurities present in the formulation.
Antihistaminic syrup formulations frequently also contain other drugs, for obtaining more than one therapeutic result from a single dose. Typical drug substances included with the antihistamine are sympathomimetic amine decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanoiamine (for relief of the upper airway congestion often accompanying disorders such as rhinitis and upper respiratory infections), and analgesics, such as aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen or ketoprofen (for relief of pain and, except in the case of acetaminophen, for reducing inflammation).
Antitussives, such as codeine, hydrocodone or dextromethorphan, for relief from coughing, and expectorants such as guaifenesin, for increasing cough productivity, also are included in combination products. Any of these additional ingredients, including salts thereof and other drugs from the same therapeutic classes, are suitable for inclusion in the syrups of the present invention.
The invention will be further described by means of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Where the term "percent" is used herein, it is intended to represent percent by weight, unless the context clearly evidences othenrvise.
A syrup was formulated to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine, micronized 1 Citric acid g,7g Flavoring agent 2.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Sucrose 600 Water to make 1.0 mL
-7_ This syrup is prepared using the following procedure: (a) about 80 percent of the water is placed in a vessel, heated to 75-85°C, charged with the sugar and stirred to form a solution; (b) the citric acid is charged to the solution and stirring is continued to form a solution, then the sodium benzoate is added and dissolved; (c) the solution is cooled to 30-35°C, with continued stirring, and the disodium EDTA is added and dissolved; (d) the glycerin is added and stirring continued while the solution cools to 25-30°C;
(e) in a separate vessel, the propylene glycol and loratadine are combined and stirred to form a solution (note that the use of micronized loratadine particles decreases the time required to accomplish dissolution), then the flavoring agent is added and stirred to achieve homogeneity; (f) the product of step a is combined with the product of step d, with stirring to ensure homogeneity, and sufficient water is added to provide the proper formulation weight; and (g) the resulting syrup is passed through clarifying filters. The syrup is a clear, colorless liquid (which could readily be colored as desired, such as by adding a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble dye to the sugar solution of step a) and is denoted Sample A.
Another syrup is similarly formulated, except that it further contains 1 mg/mL of the disodium salt of EDTA. This is denoted Sample B.
Twenty five mL portions of the two syrups are placed into 50 mL flint glass vials, then sealed with rubber stoppers and aluminum caps. The sealed vials are stored at 55°C until their removal and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. Results of the analyses are as follows, where "NQ" indicates a result below the limit of quantification (0.1 %) but above the limit of detection (0.02%):
-8_ Stora a Percent Degradation Products Sample weeks 2-HML 4-HML Total A 3 0.23 0.19 0.42 6 0.33 0.32 0.81 a B 3 0.11 NQ 0.11 6 0.10 NQ 0.10 12 0.15 0.14 0.62b a Sample contained 0.16% of an unidentified degradation product b Sample contained two unidentified degradation products at levels of 0.21 % and 0.12%
These results indicate a significant inhibition by EDTA of the degradation of loratadine during the severe storage conditions of the test.
Sample A from the preceding example and similarly prepared syrups which also contain 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 mglmL of disodium EDTA are packaged as in the prior example, and stored and tested similarly. The following results are obtained, where "ND" indicates a concentration below the limit of detection previously stated.
EDTA Storage Percent Degradation Products m /mL weeks 2-HML 4-HML Total 0 3 0.25 0.21 0.69a 6 0.29 0.24 0.67b 9 0.49 0.53 1.54' WO 99/b2516 PCT/US99/10469 _g_ 0.1 3 NQ NQ NQ
6 0.10 NQ 0.10 9 0.12 0.11 0.334 0.25 3 NQ NQ NQ
9 0.10 NQ 0.10 0.5 3 NQ ND NQ
6 0.10 ND 0.10 9 0.11 0.10 0.21 0.75 3 NQ NQ NQ
6 0.10 ND 0.10 9 0.10 0.10 0.20 Sample contained 0.11 % of Group A degradation products and 0.12% of an unidentified degradation product Sample contained 0.14% of an unidentified degradation product ' Sample contained three unidentified degradation products at levels of 0.17%, 0.13% and 0.22%
Sample contained 0.10% of an unidentified degradation product These results suggest that 0.25 percent disodium EDTA would be a reasonable level for storage protection of the tested syrup.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine, Micronized ~ 1 Citric acid g.7g Flavoring agent 1.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Coloring agent 1 Sucrose 400 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized 'syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine, micronized 1 Citric acid 0.48 Sodium citrate 0.6 Flavoring agent 1.5 Glycerin 350 Propylene glycol 100 Sorbitol 150 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Sodium cyclamate 0.75 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.5 Coloring agent 1 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability METHOCELT"" K100M, K4M and A4M from Dow Chemical are among the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose products which are suitable for use in the invention; substituting the various available products can cause syrup viscosity changes, so experiments should be conducted to determine the appropriate grade and amount needed to prepare a given syrup with desired properties.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine, micronized 1 Citric acid 0.48 Sodium citrate 0.6 Flavoring agent Glycerin 350 Propylene glycol 100 Sorbitol 150 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Saccharin 0.75 Hydroxypropyl methyicellulose 0.5 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine 1 Citric acid 0.48 Sodium citrate O.g Flavoring agent 2.5 Glycerin 450 Sorbitol 250 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure, but substituting descarboethoxyloratadine for loratadine, to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Descarboethoxyloratadine ~ 1 Citric acid g.7g Flavoring agent 2.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Sucrose 400 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure, but substituting azatadine for loratadine, to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Azatadine 1 Citric acid g,7g Flavoring agent 2.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Sucrose 600 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized syrup for pedriatric use is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine 0.5 Pseudoephedrine sulfate 3 Acetaminophen 32 Dextromethorphan hydrob romide 1.5 Citric acid g,7g Flavoring agent 1.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Coloring agent 1 Sucrose 400 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
STABILIZER
INTRODUCTION TO THE INVENTION
The present invention pertains to the field of liquid pharmaceutical formulations, and more particularly to syrup formulations containing antihistamines.
Syrup formulations are commonly used for delivery of pharmacological agents, particularly where the agents are to be delivered to pediatric patients.
Traditional syrups are concentrated solutions of sugar (generally sucrose) in purified water, such as Syrup, NF prepared with 850 grams sucrose and sufficient water to make 1000 mL according to the procedure given in the official monograph at page 1990 of NF XVII The National Formulary, United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, Maryland U.S.A., 1990.
However, for purposes of the present invention, the term "syrup" will also encompass those liquid formulations having a sweet taste provided wholly or partly by artificial sweeteners, such as saccharin, sorbitol, aspartame, sodium cyclamate and the like, for avoidance of dental and medical problems which may be aggravated by higher caloric sweeteners. As is well appreciated in the art, syrups frequently are flavored, such as with fruit or mint flavors, usually for purposes of masking an unpleasant taste caused by the presence of a dissolved or suspended pharmacologically active substance.
A pleasant taste is particularly important when the formulation is intended for ingestion by children. Typical fiavoring agents which are commonly used in -2_ sweetened pharmaceuticals, foods, candies, beverages and the like are also useful in the present invention; these materials impart flavors such as grape, cherry, citrus, peach, strawberry, bubble gum, peppermint and many others.
Syrups frequently must contain antimicrobial components to ensure safe storage without the proliferation of pathogenic molds, yeasts, bacteria and the like; a typical antimicrobial deemed suitable for use in foods and other ingestable substances is sodium benzoate. In addition, those syrups which do not contain sugar, or which contain a mixture of sugar and another sweetener, may contain thickening agents (such as a hydroxypropyl methyfcellulose, some forms of which are available from Dow Chemical, Midland, Michigan USA under the METHOCEL trademark) to provide a viscous mouth-feel similar to that of a traditional syrup.
An example of a currently marketed syrup contains 1 mg/mL of the antihistaminic drug loratadine, together with citric acid, artificial flavor, glycerin, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sucrose and water; this formulation typically has a pH value between about 2 and 4. However, under certain storage conditions involving contact with the air, losses of loratadine content, and a concomitant generation of impurities, have occurred. Similar problems can occur with formulations containing other, chemically related, drugs, such as descarboethoxyloratadine and azatadine.
J. S. Nairn, "Solutions, Emulsions, Suspensions and Extracts,"
Chapter 83 in A.R. Gennaro, Ed., Remington's Pharmaceutics! Sciences, 18th Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton Pennsylvania U.S.A., 1990 at pages 1519-1520 discusses the problem of active agent stability in aqueous media. It is stated that trace metal-initiated oxidation reactions can be minimized through the use of citric acid or EDTA sequestering agents.
It is desired to provide a storage-stable syrup formulation of loratadine or related antihistaminic components, which contains only components recognized as being safe for human ingestion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a syrup formulation containing loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, azatadine and combinations of two or more thereof, including any pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a stabilizing amount of an aminopolycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof. Suitable aminopolycarboxyl acids include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ("EDTA") and salts thereof, such as the disodium salt. The acid or salt is usually present in the formulation in concentrations about 0.05 mg/mL to about 5 mg/mL.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Loratadine is the drug name given to the compound known as ethyl 4-(8-chloro 5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene)-1.-piperidinecarboxylate and having the empirical formula CZZHz3CIN202. A
structure for this compound is:
O;C~OC2H5 r CI
The compound descarboethoxyloratadine is an antihistaminic active metabolite of loratadine, having the following structure:
N
N.
c~ ~ l 1 /
A closely related antihistamine is azatadine, having the following structural formula:
N
N
\ / 1 /
Degradation of syrup formulations containing loratadine or related antihistamines is observed during storage stability,testing, as evidenced by declining concentrations of the active ingredient and a concomitant formation of impurities. Two of the impurities which form in loratadine syrups have been identified as 2-Hydroxymethyl loratadine ("2-HML") and 4-Hydroxymethyl loratadine ("4-HML"), while other unidentified impurities occur regularly and have been collectively denoted as "Group A"; these materials number about 5 to 7 and elute together in an HPLC analysis, at retention times which indicate a higher polarity than that of loratadine. The severity of the degradation may be at least approximately related to the volume in a product bottle which is not filled with syrup, i.e., the "headspace." As it is not practical to fill each bottle completely to the top, a test has been conducted where the headspace was filled with nitrogen gas; results were inconclusive, possibly due to the unavoidable oxygen permeability of the polymeric bottle closure.
Another test was conducted, wherein common antioxidant additives were incorporated into the syrup. Ideally, the antioxidant wilf be soluble in the syrup and is safe for use in foods and pharmaceutical preparations. Among the water-soluble materials, ascorbic acid at 0.1 and 1 mglmL was found to somewhat reduce degradation, but also caused an unacceptable strong color change in the product, while sodium bisulfite imparted a pungent, disagreeable odor to the syrup. The oil-soluble antioxidants butylated hydroxytoluene and tocopherol were not soluble in the syrup, so also were not found acceptable.
It has been found that the addition of small amounts of an aminopolycarboxylic acid, the term specifically including salts of the acids, can stabilize the syrups against degradation. Useful aminopolycarboxylic acids and salts thereof are those which are safe for ingestion and have sufficient solubility in the syrup formulations to make a stable single phase composition. Commercially available compounds which could be used include iminodiacetic acid, methyliminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ("EDTA"), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-tetraacetic acid, N-hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid and related compounds. Mixtures of two or more of the foregoing are suitable for use. From the aspects of ready availability, safety, efficacy and cost, the alkali metal salts of EDTA are presently preferred, and the remainder of this description will focus on those materials.
An aminopolycarboxylic acid or salt will typically be present in a syrup at about 0.05 mg/mL to about 5 mglmL. More preferably, the level of aminopolycarboxylic acid will be about 0.1 mglmL to about 1 mg/mL. As with any additive component in a formulation intended for ingestion, it is desirable to incorporate the minimum level which will yield the desired result. This level can be readily determined by means of an accelerated storage stability test, in which packages of the final product are stored at elevated temperatures above the usual storage temperatures to which the product is expected to be exposed; the present inventors have used temperatures up to 55°C for this purpose, although such temperatures tend to cause a minor discoloration (darkening) of the syrups, probably due to some carmelization of the contained sucrose. It is expected that most drug degradation reactions will be accelerated by the elevated temperature. At predetermined intervals, some of the packages are opened and analyzed to determine the amount of active ingredients and impurities present in the formulation.
Antihistaminic syrup formulations frequently also contain other drugs, for obtaining more than one therapeutic result from a single dose. Typical drug substances included with the antihistamine are sympathomimetic amine decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanoiamine (for relief of the upper airway congestion often accompanying disorders such as rhinitis and upper respiratory infections), and analgesics, such as aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen or ketoprofen (for relief of pain and, except in the case of acetaminophen, for reducing inflammation).
Antitussives, such as codeine, hydrocodone or dextromethorphan, for relief from coughing, and expectorants such as guaifenesin, for increasing cough productivity, also are included in combination products. Any of these additional ingredients, including salts thereof and other drugs from the same therapeutic classes, are suitable for inclusion in the syrups of the present invention.
The invention will be further described by means of the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Where the term "percent" is used herein, it is intended to represent percent by weight, unless the context clearly evidences othenrvise.
A syrup was formulated to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine, micronized 1 Citric acid g,7g Flavoring agent 2.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Sucrose 600 Water to make 1.0 mL
-7_ This syrup is prepared using the following procedure: (a) about 80 percent of the water is placed in a vessel, heated to 75-85°C, charged with the sugar and stirred to form a solution; (b) the citric acid is charged to the solution and stirring is continued to form a solution, then the sodium benzoate is added and dissolved; (c) the solution is cooled to 30-35°C, with continued stirring, and the disodium EDTA is added and dissolved; (d) the glycerin is added and stirring continued while the solution cools to 25-30°C;
(e) in a separate vessel, the propylene glycol and loratadine are combined and stirred to form a solution (note that the use of micronized loratadine particles decreases the time required to accomplish dissolution), then the flavoring agent is added and stirred to achieve homogeneity; (f) the product of step a is combined with the product of step d, with stirring to ensure homogeneity, and sufficient water is added to provide the proper formulation weight; and (g) the resulting syrup is passed through clarifying filters. The syrup is a clear, colorless liquid (which could readily be colored as desired, such as by adding a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable water-soluble dye to the sugar solution of step a) and is denoted Sample A.
Another syrup is similarly formulated, except that it further contains 1 mg/mL of the disodium salt of EDTA. This is denoted Sample B.
Twenty five mL portions of the two syrups are placed into 50 mL flint glass vials, then sealed with rubber stoppers and aluminum caps. The sealed vials are stored at 55°C until their removal and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. Results of the analyses are as follows, where "NQ" indicates a result below the limit of quantification (0.1 %) but above the limit of detection (0.02%):
-8_ Stora a Percent Degradation Products Sample weeks 2-HML 4-HML Total A 3 0.23 0.19 0.42 6 0.33 0.32 0.81 a B 3 0.11 NQ 0.11 6 0.10 NQ 0.10 12 0.15 0.14 0.62b a Sample contained 0.16% of an unidentified degradation product b Sample contained two unidentified degradation products at levels of 0.21 % and 0.12%
These results indicate a significant inhibition by EDTA of the degradation of loratadine during the severe storage conditions of the test.
Sample A from the preceding example and similarly prepared syrups which also contain 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75 mglmL of disodium EDTA are packaged as in the prior example, and stored and tested similarly. The following results are obtained, where "ND" indicates a concentration below the limit of detection previously stated.
EDTA Storage Percent Degradation Products m /mL weeks 2-HML 4-HML Total 0 3 0.25 0.21 0.69a 6 0.29 0.24 0.67b 9 0.49 0.53 1.54' WO 99/b2516 PCT/US99/10469 _g_ 0.1 3 NQ NQ NQ
6 0.10 NQ 0.10 9 0.12 0.11 0.334 0.25 3 NQ NQ NQ
9 0.10 NQ 0.10 0.5 3 NQ ND NQ
6 0.10 ND 0.10 9 0.11 0.10 0.21 0.75 3 NQ NQ NQ
6 0.10 ND 0.10 9 0.10 0.10 0.20 Sample contained 0.11 % of Group A degradation products and 0.12% of an unidentified degradation product Sample contained 0.14% of an unidentified degradation product ' Sample contained three unidentified degradation products at levels of 0.17%, 0.13% and 0.22%
Sample contained 0.10% of an unidentified degradation product These results suggest that 0.25 percent disodium EDTA would be a reasonable level for storage protection of the tested syrup.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine, Micronized ~ 1 Citric acid g.7g Flavoring agent 1.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Coloring agent 1 Sucrose 400 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized 'syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine, micronized 1 Citric acid 0.48 Sodium citrate 0.6 Flavoring agent 1.5 Glycerin 350 Propylene glycol 100 Sorbitol 150 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Sodium cyclamate 0.75 Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.5 Coloring agent 1 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability METHOCELT"" K100M, K4M and A4M from Dow Chemical are among the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose products which are suitable for use in the invention; substituting the various available products can cause syrup viscosity changes, so experiments should be conducted to determine the appropriate grade and amount needed to prepare a given syrup with desired properties.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine, micronized 1 Citric acid 0.48 Sodium citrate 0.6 Flavoring agent Glycerin 350 Propylene glycol 100 Sorbitol 150 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Saccharin 0.75 Hydroxypropyl methyicellulose 0.5 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine 1 Citric acid 0.48 Sodium citrate O.g Flavoring agent 2.5 Glycerin 450 Sorbitol 250 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure, but substituting descarboethoxyloratadine for loratadine, to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Descarboethoxyloratadine ~ 1 Citric acid g.7g Flavoring agent 2.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Sucrose 400 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized syrup is formulated according to the previously described general procedure, but substituting azatadine for loratadine, to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Azatadine 1 Citric acid g,7g Flavoring agent 2.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Sucrose 600 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
A stabilized syrup for pedriatric use is formulated according to the previously described general procedure to contain the following ingredients, wherein amounts of all except water are expressed in milligrams.
Ingredient Amount Loratadine 0.5 Pseudoephedrine sulfate 3 Acetaminophen 32 Dextromethorphan hydrob romide 1.5 Citric acid g,7g Flavoring agent 1.5 Glycerin 100 Propylene glycol 100 Sodium benzoate 1 Disodium EDTA 0.25 Coloring agent 1 Sucrose 400 Water to make 1.0 mL
This syrup is found to exhibit acceptable storage stability.
Claims (13)
1. A syrup formulation comprising an antihistamine selected from the group consisting of loratadine, descarboethoxyloratadine, azatadine and combinations of any two or more thereof, and about 0.05 to about 5 mg/mL of an aminopohycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof.
2. A syrup formulation of claim 1, wherein an aminopolycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.1 to about 1 mg/mL.
3. The syrup formulation of claim 1, wherein an aminopolycarboxylic acid comprises about 0.25 to about 0.5 mg/mL.
4. The syrup formulation of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said aminopolycarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of iminodiacetic acid, methyliminodiacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 1,2-diaminocyclohexanetetraacetic acid, N-hydroxyethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, salts of any of the acids and any combination of two or more of the acids or salts.
5. The syrup formulation of any one of clams 1 to 4, further containing a decongestant, analgesic, antitussive, expectorant or any combination of two or more thereof.
6. The syrup formulation of any one of claims 1 to 4, further containing a decongestant selected from the group consisting of pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine and their salts.
7. The syrup formulation of claim 5 or 6, wherein said decongestant is pseudoephedrine or a salt thereof.
8. The syrup formulation of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said antihistamine is loratadine.
9. The syrup formulation of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said antihistamine is descarboethoxyloratadine.
10. The syrup formulation of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said aminopolycarboxylic acid is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or a salt thereof.
11. The syrup formulation of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein said aminopolycarboxylic acid is present in an amount sufficient to inhibit degradation of the antihistamine.
12. A storage-stable loratadine syrup containing less than 0.49 percent by weight of 2-hydroxymethyl loratadine.
13. A storage-stable loratadine syrup containing less than 0.53 percent by weight of 4-hydroxymethyl loratadine.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/088,128 | 1998-06-01 | ||
| US09/088,128 US6132758A (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1998-06-01 | Stabilized antihistamine syrup |
| PCT/US1999/010469 WO1999062516A1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-05-27 | A stabilized antihistamine syrup containing aminopolycarboxylic acid as stabilizer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2333528A1 CA2333528A1 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
| CA2333528C true CA2333528C (en) | 2002-07-02 |
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| CA002333528A Expired - Fee Related CA2333528C (en) | 1998-06-01 | 1999-05-27 | A stabilized antihistamine syrup containing aminopolycarboxylic acid as stabilizer |
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| US6132758A (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2000-10-17 | Schering Corporation | Stabilized antihistamine syrup |
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| AU2276801A (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-07-03 | Schering Corporation | Extended release oral dosage composition |
| AU2277101A (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-07-03 | Schering Corporation | Stable extended release oral dosage composition |
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| US20030216423A1 (en) * | 2000-05-24 | 2003-11-20 | Sergio Ulloa | Stable liquid and solid formulations |
| BR0111018A (en) * | 2000-05-25 | 2004-02-17 | Schering Corp | Liquid and solid stable formulations |
| US20020035107A1 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2002-03-21 | Stefan Henke | Highly concentrated stable meloxicam solutions |
| IN192160B (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2004-02-28 | Ranbaxy Lab | |
| US20030170731A1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2003-09-11 | Dinan Timothy Garard | Diagnosis and treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia based on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormallity |
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| US20040101563A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-05-27 | Kundu Subhas C. | Storage stable antihistaminic syrup formulations |
| US20100092562A1 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2010-04-15 | Hollenbeck R Gary | Sustained-release drug delivery compositions and methods |
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| US4829064A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1989-05-09 | Analgesic Associates | Cough/cold mixtures comprising non-sedating antihistamine drugs |
| US4975426A (en) * | 1987-06-08 | 1990-12-04 | Analgesic Associates | Cough/cold mixtures comprising non-sedating antihistamine drugs |
| CA2146637C (en) * | 1992-10-09 | 2001-02-13 | James Grigg Upson | Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating cold symptoms |
| EP0620001A1 (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-10-19 | McNEIL-PPC, INC. | Aqueous pharmaceutical suspension and process for preparation thereof |
| US5458879A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-10-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oral vehicle compositions |
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1998
- 1998-06-01 US US09/088,128 patent/US6132758A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
- 1999-05-26 GT GT199900072A patent/GT199900072A/en unknown
- 1999-05-26 GT GT199900072AK patent/GT199900072AA/en unknown
- 1999-05-27 DE DE69914192T patent/DE69914192T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-27 RS YUP-235/99A patent/RS49609B/en unknown
- 1999-05-27 PE PE1999000446A patent/PE20000565A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-27 CO CO99033034A patent/CO5011119A1/en unknown
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- 1999-05-27 AR ARP990102500A patent/AR019147A1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 1999-05-27 JP JP2000551772A patent/JP4166948B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-27 AT AT99955215T patent/ATE257705T1/en active
- 1999-05-27 PT PT99955215T patent/PT1082117E/en unknown
- 1999-05-27 DK DK99955215T patent/DK1082117T3/en active
- 1999-05-27 MY MYPI99002108A patent/MY123325A/en unknown
- 1999-05-27 HN HN1999000081A patent/HN1999000081A/en unknown
- 1999-05-27 EG EG60799A patent/EG23908A/en active
- 1999-05-27 AU AU43085/99A patent/AU754469B2/en not_active Expired
- 1999-05-27 WO PCT/US1999/010469 patent/WO1999062516A1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 1999-05-27 NZ NZ508037A patent/NZ508037A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-27 JO JO19992099A patent/JO2099B1/en active
- 1999-05-28 SV SV1999000068A patent/SV1999000068A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-05-29 GC GCP1999161 patent/GC0000330A/en active
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