CA2294252C - Temperature stable bragg grating package with post tuning for accurate setting of centre frequency - Google Patents
Temperature stable bragg grating package with post tuning for accurate setting of centre frequency Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2294252C CA2294252C CA002294252A CA2294252A CA2294252C CA 2294252 C CA2294252 C CA 2294252C CA 002294252 A CA002294252 A CA 002294252A CA 2294252 A CA2294252 A CA 2294252A CA 2294252 C CA2294252 C CA 2294252C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fibre
- package
- grating
- metal
- anchoring points
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02195—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating
- G02B6/022—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for tuning the grating using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
- G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
- G02B6/02171—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes
- G02B6/02176—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes due to temperature fluctuations
- G02B6/0218—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes due to temperature fluctuations using mounting means, e.g. by using a combination of materials having different thermal expansion coefficients
Abstract
A method of accurately setting the centre wavelength of a fibre grating fixe d in a temperature compensation package, the method comprising the steps of: fixing the grating to the package and altering the size of the package in a post processing step. The altering step can comprise elongating or compressi ng the package so as to substantially permanently alter the size of the package . The temperature compensation package can comprise: a first elongated member having a first coefficient of thermal expansion; two second elongated member s, one each attached to the ends of the first elongated member and having their other second ends closer together than the ends of the first elongated membe r, the second elongated members having a second coefficient of thermal expansio n relatively more than the first coefficient of thermal expansion; and two material matching members attached to the second ends and adapted to provide for material matching fixing mixtures to the second elongated members; said fixing mixtures to the second elongated members; said fixing mixtures fixing ends of the fibre grating to the temperature compensation package. The fixin g mixture can comprise glass of metal solder. The material matching members ar e preferably located within an aperture in the second ends.
Description
T~arature Stable 8z:gg Grating package with post Toeing for Annotate Setting of Centre Frequency Field of the =nventiorx The present invention relates to the construction of a package for an optical fibre Bragg grating which facilitates accurate setting of the centre frequency (ie tuning) of the grating. Tn a preferred embodiment of the invention the package provides for stability over a range of temperatures.
Back round of the rn~erention In-fibre Bragg gratings are well known and a typical such grating normally comprises a z~epeating pattern of refractive index variation that is written into a photosensitive optical fibre by a W light source or the like. The modulating pattern is normally inherently highly sensitive to the effects of strain including temperature induced strain. For this zeason, it is a typical requirement to mount the in-fibre grating in a package so as to iso~.ate the grating region from e~eternal straizx oz' temperature effects. Two prior art mounting arrangements are shown in Figs 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Tn Fi,g. 1, there is shown a simple grating package 1 which mounts a pre-tensioned (tuned) fibz~e 2 at two ends of a package mount 3 by means of epoxy resin azxchors 4. with this arrangement expansion of the package 3 with temperature relati,cre to the fibre 2 will result in a change in tension on the fibre 2.
zn Fig. 2, there is shown a slightly more complex arrangement 10 which includes a temperature compensating package which uses a combination of materials with differing coefficients of thermal expansion. A first material 11 is utilised to expand at a first low rate while a second material comprising end portions 12, 13 expands with temperature at a sulastantially~higher rate. The combined expansions of the two forms of material 11, 12 and 13 produces a more stable arrangement whereby the fibre fixing points 15, 16 are maintained with a substantially constant spaliz~g, thereby maintaining the overall strain on the fibre 18 in the intermediate region.
In some applications, the temperature characteristic may not require specific compensating. However, it may be the case, such as when utilising the arrangement of Fig. 1, that the fibre is still required to be packaged under strain so as to achieve a greater wavelength accuracy than l0 that which can be achieved in the fibre writing process.
Tn the majority of prior art packaged Bragg fibre gratings, the fibre is positioned and held under strain.
when fixing the fibre to the package, a number of techniques may be employed_ These include the use of epoxy adhesive or glass "fritting". These processes oftez~
require heat and as a result, they Can have a furthez~
effect on the wavelength of the gz~ating making it difficult to distinguish between the effects of strain or heat when setting the fibre in the package. Further, prior art methods of fixing the fibre to the package may involve some shrinkage effects as either the epoxy cuz'es or tire glass frit sets. The shrinkage can further introduce unwanted changes to the strain on the fibre and result in an alteration of the wavelength setting.
Further, the use of epoxy resin or the like to affix the fibre to the package can result in creepage of the adhesive material relative to the package or to the fibre.
Also, epoxy can be undesirably humidity sensitive.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a method of tuning a gragg grating that is embodied in an optical fibre, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) positioning the optical fibre within a metal.
temperature compensating package with the grating-3 5 containing region of the f fibre located betv,reerl~ spaced-apart fibre anchoring points within the package, (b) securing axially spaced portions of the fibre to the anchoring points without subjecting the fibre to tensile strain, and (c) progressively elongating the package and the contained fibre to induce tensile strain in the grating region of the fibre and so~tune the grating to a required centre wavelez~,gth after the fibre is secured in the package.
Brief nescription of th~ Drawings Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred forms of the invezition will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 7. illustrates a simple grating package as utilised in the prior art;
Fig_ 2 illustrates a temperature compensation packsge as known in the prior art; and Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) illustrate schematically the structuz~e of the preferred embodiment.
Description of the Preferred and Other Embodiments In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for providing a tunable Bragg grating with the apparatus separating the problem of setting the Centre wavelength from that of fixing or mounting the fibre to the package_ This is achieved by first fixing the fibre to the package az~d then applying a post fixing "tune" so as tv tune the wavelength of the grating in accordance with recauiremez~ts.
Further, througkx the utilisation of an intermediate material which has a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to the glass fibre and a supportizig platform and is also compatible for the use of glass or metal solder the problem of the difficulty in utilising epoxy or polymer adhesives, especially in their sensitivity to humidity, is alleviated and an improved package results.
Turning tiow to Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) , there is illustrated one form of the preferred embodiment with Fig.3(a) showing a side sectional view and Fig_ 3(b) showing a top sectional view. 'hhe preferred embodiment 20 is designed to maintain a previously written grating 21 on a fibre 22 in a highly stable environment such that the grating frequency can be readily set. The package 20 includes two end portions 23, 2~ made of a first material, such as stainless steel, having a high coefficient of thermal expansion. A secoza.d cylindrical member 25 is provided and, importantly, includes a thinned section 26 Which is provided for post tuning of the wavelength.
Each of the members 23, 24 include a cylindrical hole in v~rhich is mounted a Kovar platform e.g. 27, 28. The Kovar platform can be slotted into a hole formed in the corresponding member 23, 24. The Kovar platform e.g. 27, 28 provides for a material matching capability between the Kovar platform and a solder material 29, 30 which is utilised to affix the fibre 22 to the package_ In this way, the necessity to utilise a polymer adhesive can be dispensed with providing for longer term stability.
Of course, many different materials can be utilised foz~ the platform 27, 28. For example, Kovar or invar may be utilised, zirconia ceramic and some other silica materials could be utilised. Ideally, each member e.g. 26, 23, 24 and 27 and 28 are laser welded together where laser welding is suitable.
The arrangement 20 thereby provides for the utilisation of a glass or metal solder (fz'it) and eliminates the need to utilise any polymer adhesive thereby reducing the effects of long term creep and providing for highez~ long term stability.
The first step of the preferred embodiment therefore comprises manufacturing the package arrangement and fixing the fibre 22 in place. The wevelength setting at this stage is not critical but is preferably lower than that desired in the final device.
After the fibre has been faxed and any post fixing shrinking has occurred, the package 20 can be expanded izx ~an axial direction. The stretching can be achieved by a controlled force around a thinned portion 26 so as to permanently elongate the package. Preferably, the package is constructed from such matez~ials as steel, kovar or invar l0 which can be plastically deformed. The deformation achieves a permanent change in length which in turn alters the strain on the optical fibre Bragg grating in middle area 21 thereby varying the centre wavelength_ It has beezi found in practice that the range of increase in length required to provide a, full range of tuning for most applications is typically less than 5p n.
The post tuzxing operation is pz~eferably carried out at the temperature of operation of the device thereby providing a resulting package which, provides an accurate wavelength at a given temperature irrespective of the residual characteristic of the device across a temperature range.
It would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present invention as shown in the specif~.c embodiment without departing fz~om the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiment is, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive.
Back round of the rn~erention In-fibre Bragg gratings are well known and a typical such grating normally comprises a z~epeating pattern of refractive index variation that is written into a photosensitive optical fibre by a W light source or the like. The modulating pattern is normally inherently highly sensitive to the effects of strain including temperature induced strain. For this zeason, it is a typical requirement to mount the in-fibre grating in a package so as to iso~.ate the grating region from e~eternal straizx oz' temperature effects. Two prior art mounting arrangements are shown in Figs 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Tn Fi,g. 1, there is shown a simple grating package 1 which mounts a pre-tensioned (tuned) fibz~e 2 at two ends of a package mount 3 by means of epoxy resin azxchors 4. with this arrangement expansion of the package 3 with temperature relati,cre to the fibre 2 will result in a change in tension on the fibre 2.
zn Fig. 2, there is shown a slightly more complex arrangement 10 which includes a temperature compensating package which uses a combination of materials with differing coefficients of thermal expansion. A first material 11 is utilised to expand at a first low rate while a second material comprising end portions 12, 13 expands with temperature at a sulastantially~higher rate. The combined expansions of the two forms of material 11, 12 and 13 produces a more stable arrangement whereby the fibre fixing points 15, 16 are maintained with a substantially constant spaliz~g, thereby maintaining the overall strain on the fibre 18 in the intermediate region.
In some applications, the temperature characteristic may not require specific compensating. However, it may be the case, such as when utilising the arrangement of Fig. 1, that the fibre is still required to be packaged under strain so as to achieve a greater wavelength accuracy than l0 that which can be achieved in the fibre writing process.
Tn the majority of prior art packaged Bragg fibre gratings, the fibre is positioned and held under strain.
when fixing the fibre to the package, a number of techniques may be employed_ These include the use of epoxy adhesive or glass "fritting". These processes oftez~
require heat and as a result, they Can have a furthez~
effect on the wavelength of the gz~ating making it difficult to distinguish between the effects of strain or heat when setting the fibre in the package. Further, prior art methods of fixing the fibre to the package may involve some shrinkage effects as either the epoxy cuz'es or tire glass frit sets. The shrinkage can further introduce unwanted changes to the strain on the fibre and result in an alteration of the wavelength setting.
Further, the use of epoxy resin or the like to affix the fibre to the package can result in creepage of the adhesive material relative to the package or to the fibre.
Also, epoxy can be undesirably humidity sensitive.
Summary of the Invention The present invention provides a method of tuning a gragg grating that is embodied in an optical fibre, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) positioning the optical fibre within a metal.
temperature compensating package with the grating-3 5 containing region of the f fibre located betv,reerl~ spaced-apart fibre anchoring points within the package, (b) securing axially spaced portions of the fibre to the anchoring points without subjecting the fibre to tensile strain, and (c) progressively elongating the package and the contained fibre to induce tensile strain in the grating region of the fibre and so~tune the grating to a required centre wavelez~,gth after the fibre is secured in the package.
Brief nescription of th~ Drawings Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred forms of the invezition will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 7. illustrates a simple grating package as utilised in the prior art;
Fig_ 2 illustrates a temperature compensation packsge as known in the prior art; and Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) illustrate schematically the structuz~e of the preferred embodiment.
Description of the Preferred and Other Embodiments In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided an apparatus for providing a tunable Bragg grating with the apparatus separating the problem of setting the Centre wavelength from that of fixing or mounting the fibre to the package_ This is achieved by first fixing the fibre to the package az~d then applying a post fixing "tune" so as tv tune the wavelength of the grating in accordance with recauiremez~ts.
Further, througkx the utilisation of an intermediate material which has a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to the glass fibre and a supportizig platform and is also compatible for the use of glass or metal solder the problem of the difficulty in utilising epoxy or polymer adhesives, especially in their sensitivity to humidity, is alleviated and an improved package results.
Turning tiow to Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) , there is illustrated one form of the preferred embodiment with Fig.3(a) showing a side sectional view and Fig_ 3(b) showing a top sectional view. 'hhe preferred embodiment 20 is designed to maintain a previously written grating 21 on a fibre 22 in a highly stable environment such that the grating frequency can be readily set. The package 20 includes two end portions 23, 2~ made of a first material, such as stainless steel, having a high coefficient of thermal expansion. A secoza.d cylindrical member 25 is provided and, importantly, includes a thinned section 26 Which is provided for post tuning of the wavelength.
Each of the members 23, 24 include a cylindrical hole in v~rhich is mounted a Kovar platform e.g. 27, 28. The Kovar platform can be slotted into a hole formed in the corresponding member 23, 24. The Kovar platform e.g. 27, 28 provides for a material matching capability between the Kovar platform and a solder material 29, 30 which is utilised to affix the fibre 22 to the package_ In this way, the necessity to utilise a polymer adhesive can be dispensed with providing for longer term stability.
Of course, many different materials can be utilised foz~ the platform 27, 28. For example, Kovar or invar may be utilised, zirconia ceramic and some other silica materials could be utilised. Ideally, each member e.g. 26, 23, 24 and 27 and 28 are laser welded together where laser welding is suitable.
The arrangement 20 thereby provides for the utilisation of a glass or metal solder (fz'it) and eliminates the need to utilise any polymer adhesive thereby reducing the effects of long term creep and providing for highez~ long term stability.
The first step of the preferred embodiment therefore comprises manufacturing the package arrangement and fixing the fibre 22 in place. The wevelength setting at this stage is not critical but is preferably lower than that desired in the final device.
After the fibre has been faxed and any post fixing shrinking has occurred, the package 20 can be expanded izx ~an axial direction. The stretching can be achieved by a controlled force around a thinned portion 26 so as to permanently elongate the package. Preferably, the package is constructed from such matez~ials as steel, kovar or invar l0 which can be plastically deformed. The deformation achieves a permanent change in length which in turn alters the strain on the optical fibre Bragg grating in middle area 21 thereby varying the centre wavelength_ It has beezi found in practice that the range of increase in length required to provide a, full range of tuning for most applications is typically less than 5p n.
The post tuzxing operation is pz~eferably carried out at the temperature of operation of the device thereby providing a resulting package which, provides an accurate wavelength at a given temperature irrespective of the residual characteristic of the device across a temperature range.
It would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the present invention as shown in the specif~.c embodiment without departing fz~om the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiment is, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive.
Claims (5)
1. A method of tuning a Bragg grating that is embodied in an optical fibre and which comprises the steps of positioning the optical fibre within a metal, tempera-ture compensating package with the grating-containing region of the fibre located between spaced-apart fibre anchoring points within the package, securing axially spaced portions of the fibre to the anchoring points without subjecting the package to tensile strain and, thereafter, progressively elongating the package and the contained fibre to an extent sufficient to effect permanent plastic deformation of the package and to induce tensile strain in the grating region of the fibre and so tune the grating to a required centre wavelength.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the package into which the fibre is positioned comprises a first metal member extending parallel to the fibre and two second metal members secured to the first member and extending parallel to the first member, the second members having respective inner ends which provide the anchoring points for the fibre and outer ends that are secured to end regions of the first member, the first member being formed from a metal having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and the second member being formed from a metal having a coefficient of thermal expansion that is greater than that of the first member.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fibre is secured to the respective anchoring points by glass solder.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fibre is secured to the respective anchoring points by metal solder.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the fibre is secured to the respective anchoring points by an epoxy resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPO7458 | 1997-06-19 | ||
| AUPO7458A AUPO745897A0 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1997-06-19 | Temperature stable bragg grating package with post tuning for accurate setting of center frequency |
| PCT/AU1998/000473 WO1998059267A1 (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1998-06-18 | Temperature stable bragg grating package with post tuning for accurate setting of centre frequency |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2294252A1 CA2294252A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
| CA2294252C true CA2294252C (en) | 2002-11-12 |
Family
ID=3801750
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002294252A Expired - Fee Related CA2294252C (en) | 1997-06-19 | 1998-06-18 | Temperature stable bragg grating package with post tuning for accurate setting of centre frequency |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6393181B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0990179A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3316218B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AUPO745897A0 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2294252C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998059267A1 (en) |
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| US5774619A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1998-06-30 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Precision deformation mechanism and method |
| US5841920A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1998-11-24 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Fiber grating package |
| US6181851B1 (en) * | 1997-05-29 | 2001-01-30 | E-Tek Dynamics, Inc. | Temperature-compensated optical fiber package |
| US5991483A (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 1999-11-23 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Optical fiber grating packages |
| US6147341A (en) * | 1998-02-13 | 2000-11-14 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Temperature compensating device for fiber gratings |
| US6144789A (en) * | 1999-05-25 | 2000-11-07 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Temperature compensating device for fiber gratings and a package therefor |
-
1997
- 1997-06-19 AU AUPO7458A patent/AUPO745897A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-06-18 WO PCT/AU1998/000473 patent/WO1998059267A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-06-18 JP JP50341699A patent/JP3316218B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-18 CA CA002294252A patent/CA2294252C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-18 US US09/446,160 patent/US6393181B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-06-18 EP EP98929129A patent/EP0990179A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2294252A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
| US6393181B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
| EP0990179A4 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
| EP0990179A1 (en) | 2000-04-05 |
| JP2001525084A (en) | 2001-12-04 |
| AUPO745897A0 (en) | 1997-07-10 |
| JP3316218B2 (en) | 2002-08-19 |
| WO1998059267A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |