CA2267597C - Method for indicating that a text message is present in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network - Google Patents
Method for indicating that a text message is present in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network Download PDFInfo
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- CA2267597C CA2267597C CA002267597A CA2267597A CA2267597C CA 2267597 C CA2267597 C CA 2267597C CA 002267597 A CA002267597 A CA 002267597A CA 2267597 A CA2267597 A CA 2267597A CA 2267597 C CA2267597 C CA 2267597C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011022 operating instruction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009131 signaling function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102100023817 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101000684297 Homo sapiens 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000873438 Homo sapiens Putative protein SEM1, isoform 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000013475 authorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoprophos Chemical compound CCCSP(=O)(OCC)SCCC VJYFKVYYMZPMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/12—Messaging; Mailboxes; Announcements
- H04W4/14—Short messaging services, e.g. short message services [SMS] or unstructured supplementary service data [USSD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/18—Service support devices; Network management devices
- H04W88/184—Messaging devices, e.g. message centre
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
- H04W92/02—Inter-networking arrangements
Abstract
The invention concerns a method for indicating the availability of a text message in a mobile radiotelephone network (PLMN) when the recipient is registered as a subscriber both in a mobile radiotelephone network (PLMN) and in another telecommunications network (PISN).
According to the invention, the accessibility of the subscriber in the other telecommunications network (PISN) is stored in the data base allocated to the subscriber in the mobile radiotelephone network (PLMN). The central messaging module (NZM) transmits a notice on the availability of a text message for the subscriber to a control module (SM) of the other telecommunications network (PISN). This control module (SM) displays then an information on a terminal (KE2) allocated to the subscriber in the other telecommunications network (PISN) indicating the availability of a text message in the central messaging module (NZM) of the mobile radiotelephone network (PLMN).
According to the invention, the accessibility of the subscriber in the other telecommunications network (PISN) is stored in the data base allocated to the subscriber in the mobile radiotelephone network (PLMN). The central messaging module (NZM) transmits a notice on the availability of a text message for the subscriber to a control module (SM) of the other telecommunications network (PISN). This control module (SM) displays then an information on a terminal (KE2) allocated to the subscriber in the other telecommunications network (PISN) indicating the availability of a text message in the central messaging module (NZM) of the mobile radiotelephone network (PLMN).
Description
METHOD FOR INDICATING THAT A TEXT MESSAGE IS PRESENT IN A
MESSAGE CENTRAL MODULE OF A MOBILE RADIOTELEPHONE NETWORK
The present invention relates to a method for indicating that a text message to be delivered to a subscriber is present in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network, which module is provided for the acceptance and delivery of text messages, said subscriber being registered as a subscriber both in the mobile radiotelephone network and also in another communication network.
Such text messages are for example delivered to a GSM mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus, for example within land-supported mobile radiotelephone networks according to the GSM Standard (Global System for Mobile Radiotelephony).
The text messages are also designated by the English term 'short message', and the corresponding communication service is designated SMS, or short message service. The handling of a GSM mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus in the acceptance, reading, processing or erasing of text messages is known from, among other sources, the operating instructions for the GSM mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus S3 of Siemens AG, 1995, pages 24 to 27.
If, in known mobile radiotelephone networks, a short message is received in a message central module provided for the acceptance and delivery of text messages, which message is to be delivered to a particular subscriber, the message central module effects a signaling to the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus of the subscriber, which signaling causes this terminal apparatus to indicate the ...,.
presence of a message. In the above-cited operating instructions, it is indicated concerning this point that given the presence of a message, an information symbol "i" blinks in the display of the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus, in order to indicate the presence of a message.
The subscriber can then retrieve the present message as needed, whereupon the message central module causes a communication of the text information to the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus of the subscriber. This text information is stored in a memory on the SIM card of the subscriber, and can be displayed on the display of the terminal apparatus.
Both the information concerning the presence of a text message and also the text message itself can be communicated from the message central module to the subscriber only if the mobile radiotelephone apparatus of the subscriber is located inside the radio area of the mobile radiotelephone network, is switched ready for operation, and if the energy supply to the terminal apparatus is ensured. This is because the terminal apparatus can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network only under these conditions, and is recognized as reachable within the mobile radiotelephone network in the context of what is called a roaming procedure. The current availability of a subscriber within a mobile radiotelephone network is hereby stored in a database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network.
If a subscriber to whom a text message present in the message central module is to be delivered cannot be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network, the text message, or, respectively, the indication of the presence of a text message, is standardly communicated to the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus of the subscriber, as soon as this mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus can be reached again within the mobile radiotelephone network.
The object of the invention is to indicate a method for indicating the presence of a text message to be delivered in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network, in which a subscriber is also notified of the presence of a text message intended for him even if he is not currently able to be reached in the mobile radiotelephone network.
In accordance with this invention, there is provided a method for delivering a text message that has been received in a message central module of a public mobile radiotelephone network to a subscriber registered as a subscriber both in the mobile radio telephone network and in a second communication network which is of a different network type than the mobile radio telephone network, a location of the subscriber being stored in a database allocated to the subscriber, wherein the text message is delivered to the subscriber if the subscriber can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network, the method comprising the steps of: determining the presence of the text message to be delivered to the subscriber; checking in the mobile radiotelephone network whether the subscriber can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network; storing the availability of the subscriber in the second communication network in the database allocated to the subscriber; communicating a message, via the message central module, concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber to a control module of the second communication network; and causing the displaying of an item of information, via the control module, concerning the presence of the text message in the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network at a terminal apparatus allocated to the subscriber within the second communication network.
If in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network intended for receipt and delivery of text messages there is present a text message that is to be delivered to a subscriber who is registered as a subscriber both in the mobile radiotelephone network of the message central module and also in a different communication network, then the message central module introduces steps for the delivery of a communication concerning the presence of this message. In a known manner, it is checked in the mobile radiotelephone network whether the subscriber can be reached within this mobile radiotelephone network. For this purpose, a database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network is queried, in which database the location of the subscriber is stored, if he can currently be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network.
According to the invention, the availability of the subscriber in the other communication network is also stored in the database of the mobile radiotelephone network, and the 3a message central module communicates a message concerning the presence of a text message for the subscriber to a control module of the other communication network. Dependent thereon, this control module causes the displaying of an item of information concerning the presence of a text message at a terminal apparatus allocated to the subscriber within the other communication network.
In this way, it is ensured that a subscriber always receives an indication concerning the presence of a text message if he can be reached in any communication network in which he is registered as a subscriber.
In order to limit the scope of the signaling information to be exchanged between the various communication networks, a development of an inventive method provides that a message concerning the presence of a text message for the subscriber be communicated from the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network to the control module of the other communication network only when the subscriber cannot be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network.
If, in a further constructive form of the invention, only the availability in principle, and not the current availability, of the subscriber in the other communication network is stored in the database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network, then a message concerning the presence of a text message for the subscriber is communicated to the control module of the other communication network, independent of whether he can actually be reached at the terminal apparatus of the other communication network. A disadvantage of this constructive form is that unnecessary messages are also transmitted between the communication networks. An advantage of this constructive form of the invention is that the subscriber receives an ,,... ~.
indication concerning the presence of a text message as soon as he can be reached in the other communication network, even if he could not be reached at the time of the transmission of the message concerning the presence of a text message to the control module.
The quantity of messages to be transmitted between the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network and the control module of the other communication network can be reduced in that, in a further constructive form of the inventive method, the message central module communicates a message only when the availability of the subscriber in the other communication network has been recognized by the message central module.
A particularly advantageous constructive form of the inventive method with respect to the reduction of an unnecessary exchange of messages between the mobile radiotelephone network and the other communication network provides that the current availability of the subscriber in the other communication network is stored in the database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network. This can for example take place in that the other communication network communicates the current availability of the subscriber in the other communication network to the mobile radiotelephone network in the form of a message.
Alternatively, the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network can cause a check of the current availability of the subscriber in the other communication network, given the presence of a text message to be delivered to the subscriber.
The actual delivery of a text message to the subscriber standardly takes place upon the request of the subscriber.
The message central module can hereby deliver the text message, for example within the mobile radiotelephone network, to the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus of the subscriber whose availability was previously determined.
However, it is also possible for the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network to deliver the text message upon request of the subscriber to a data terminal apparatus of the subscriber via a different communication network, e.g. a data network.
The sending of short messages to the message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network is known from, among other sources, the article "Kurznachrichten mit dem PC
versenden," Funkschau 17/1996, pages 50 to 52. Here various systems are indicated for the transmission to a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network, e.g. via a modem and the public telephone network or via the Internet, of short messages to be delivered to some subscriber. The delivery of messages to a subscriber is possible in analogous fashion from the message central module, via a suitable communication network, to a computer.
An advantageous constructive form of an inventive method provides that, after the delivery of a text message, the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network communicates a confirmation message to the control module of the other communication network, if a message concerning the presence of a text message for the subscriber was previously communicated to this control module. In this way it is prevented that the presence of already-requested messages is displayed.
For the case in which the subscriber to whom a short message is to be delivered is available both in the mobile radiotelephone network and also in the other communication network with the aid of a terminal apparatus that can be switched between wireless operation and mobile radiotelephone operation, a development of the inventive method provides that the terminal apparatus operating in wireless operation switches over automatically to mobile radiotelephone mode after the receipt of an item of information concerning the presence of a text message.
An advantageous construction of such an inventive method provides that the terminal apparatus is switched over to mobile radiotelephone mode only if it is not in transceive operation and that, if the terminal apparatus is in transceive operation upon receipt of an item of information concerning the presence of a text message in wireless operating mode, the apparatus is switched over to mobile radiotelephone mode after termination of this transceive operation.
The displaying of an item of information concerning the presence of a text message can take place at the terminal apparatus allocated to the other communication network e.g.
visually by means of a display symbol of a display unit, by the display of a corresponding text, by the illumination of a lamp, and/or by a corresponding spoken announcement. The control module of the other communication network hereby causes the communication of an item of control information, e.g. in the form of a message, to the terminal apparatus. The type of message is hereby dependent on the type of communication network and is known in principle.
The other communication network can for example be another mobile radiotelephone network, a stationary telephone network with a fixedly wired terminal apparatus or with a wireless terminal apparatus, or a data network with a data terminal apparatus.
MESSAGE CENTRAL MODULE OF A MOBILE RADIOTELEPHONE NETWORK
The present invention relates to a method for indicating that a text message to be delivered to a subscriber is present in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network, which module is provided for the acceptance and delivery of text messages, said subscriber being registered as a subscriber both in the mobile radiotelephone network and also in another communication network.
Such text messages are for example delivered to a GSM mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus, for example within land-supported mobile radiotelephone networks according to the GSM Standard (Global System for Mobile Radiotelephony).
The text messages are also designated by the English term 'short message', and the corresponding communication service is designated SMS, or short message service. The handling of a GSM mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus in the acceptance, reading, processing or erasing of text messages is known from, among other sources, the operating instructions for the GSM mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus S3 of Siemens AG, 1995, pages 24 to 27.
If, in known mobile radiotelephone networks, a short message is received in a message central module provided for the acceptance and delivery of text messages, which message is to be delivered to a particular subscriber, the message central module effects a signaling to the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus of the subscriber, which signaling causes this terminal apparatus to indicate the ...,.
presence of a message. In the above-cited operating instructions, it is indicated concerning this point that given the presence of a message, an information symbol "i" blinks in the display of the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus, in order to indicate the presence of a message.
The subscriber can then retrieve the present message as needed, whereupon the message central module causes a communication of the text information to the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus of the subscriber. This text information is stored in a memory on the SIM card of the subscriber, and can be displayed on the display of the terminal apparatus.
Both the information concerning the presence of a text message and also the text message itself can be communicated from the message central module to the subscriber only if the mobile radiotelephone apparatus of the subscriber is located inside the radio area of the mobile radiotelephone network, is switched ready for operation, and if the energy supply to the terminal apparatus is ensured. This is because the terminal apparatus can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network only under these conditions, and is recognized as reachable within the mobile radiotelephone network in the context of what is called a roaming procedure. The current availability of a subscriber within a mobile radiotelephone network is hereby stored in a database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network.
If a subscriber to whom a text message present in the message central module is to be delivered cannot be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network, the text message, or, respectively, the indication of the presence of a text message, is standardly communicated to the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus of the subscriber, as soon as this mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus can be reached again within the mobile radiotelephone network.
The object of the invention is to indicate a method for indicating the presence of a text message to be delivered in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network, in which a subscriber is also notified of the presence of a text message intended for him even if he is not currently able to be reached in the mobile radiotelephone network.
In accordance with this invention, there is provided a method for delivering a text message that has been received in a message central module of a public mobile radiotelephone network to a subscriber registered as a subscriber both in the mobile radio telephone network and in a second communication network which is of a different network type than the mobile radio telephone network, a location of the subscriber being stored in a database allocated to the subscriber, wherein the text message is delivered to the subscriber if the subscriber can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network, the method comprising the steps of: determining the presence of the text message to be delivered to the subscriber; checking in the mobile radiotelephone network whether the subscriber can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network; storing the availability of the subscriber in the second communication network in the database allocated to the subscriber; communicating a message, via the message central module, concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber to a control module of the second communication network; and causing the displaying of an item of information, via the control module, concerning the presence of the text message in the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network at a terminal apparatus allocated to the subscriber within the second communication network.
If in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network intended for receipt and delivery of text messages there is present a text message that is to be delivered to a subscriber who is registered as a subscriber both in the mobile radiotelephone network of the message central module and also in a different communication network, then the message central module introduces steps for the delivery of a communication concerning the presence of this message. In a known manner, it is checked in the mobile radiotelephone network whether the subscriber can be reached within this mobile radiotelephone network. For this purpose, a database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network is queried, in which database the location of the subscriber is stored, if he can currently be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network.
According to the invention, the availability of the subscriber in the other communication network is also stored in the database of the mobile radiotelephone network, and the 3a message central module communicates a message concerning the presence of a text message for the subscriber to a control module of the other communication network. Dependent thereon, this control module causes the displaying of an item of information concerning the presence of a text message at a terminal apparatus allocated to the subscriber within the other communication network.
In this way, it is ensured that a subscriber always receives an indication concerning the presence of a text message if he can be reached in any communication network in which he is registered as a subscriber.
In order to limit the scope of the signaling information to be exchanged between the various communication networks, a development of an inventive method provides that a message concerning the presence of a text message for the subscriber be communicated from the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network to the control module of the other communication network only when the subscriber cannot be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network.
If, in a further constructive form of the invention, only the availability in principle, and not the current availability, of the subscriber in the other communication network is stored in the database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network, then a message concerning the presence of a text message for the subscriber is communicated to the control module of the other communication network, independent of whether he can actually be reached at the terminal apparatus of the other communication network. A disadvantage of this constructive form is that unnecessary messages are also transmitted between the communication networks. An advantage of this constructive form of the invention is that the subscriber receives an ,,... ~.
indication concerning the presence of a text message as soon as he can be reached in the other communication network, even if he could not be reached at the time of the transmission of the message concerning the presence of a text message to the control module.
The quantity of messages to be transmitted between the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network and the control module of the other communication network can be reduced in that, in a further constructive form of the inventive method, the message central module communicates a message only when the availability of the subscriber in the other communication network has been recognized by the message central module.
A particularly advantageous constructive form of the inventive method with respect to the reduction of an unnecessary exchange of messages between the mobile radiotelephone network and the other communication network provides that the current availability of the subscriber in the other communication network is stored in the database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network. This can for example take place in that the other communication network communicates the current availability of the subscriber in the other communication network to the mobile radiotelephone network in the form of a message.
Alternatively, the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network can cause a check of the current availability of the subscriber in the other communication network, given the presence of a text message to be delivered to the subscriber.
The actual delivery of a text message to the subscriber standardly takes place upon the request of the subscriber.
The message central module can hereby deliver the text message, for example within the mobile radiotelephone network, to the mobile radiotelephone terminal apparatus of the subscriber whose availability was previously determined.
However, it is also possible for the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network to deliver the text message upon request of the subscriber to a data terminal apparatus of the subscriber via a different communication network, e.g. a data network.
The sending of short messages to the message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network is known from, among other sources, the article "Kurznachrichten mit dem PC
versenden," Funkschau 17/1996, pages 50 to 52. Here various systems are indicated for the transmission to a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network, e.g. via a modem and the public telephone network or via the Internet, of short messages to be delivered to some subscriber. The delivery of messages to a subscriber is possible in analogous fashion from the message central module, via a suitable communication network, to a computer.
An advantageous constructive form of an inventive method provides that, after the delivery of a text message, the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network communicates a confirmation message to the control module of the other communication network, if a message concerning the presence of a text message for the subscriber was previously communicated to this control module. In this way it is prevented that the presence of already-requested messages is displayed.
For the case in which the subscriber to whom a short message is to be delivered is available both in the mobile radiotelephone network and also in the other communication network with the aid of a terminal apparatus that can be switched between wireless operation and mobile radiotelephone operation, a development of the inventive method provides that the terminal apparatus operating in wireless operation switches over automatically to mobile radiotelephone mode after the receipt of an item of information concerning the presence of a text message.
An advantageous construction of such an inventive method provides that the terminal apparatus is switched over to mobile radiotelephone mode only if it is not in transceive operation and that, if the terminal apparatus is in transceive operation upon receipt of an item of information concerning the presence of a text message in wireless operating mode, the apparatus is switched over to mobile radiotelephone mode after termination of this transceive operation.
The displaying of an item of information concerning the presence of a text message can take place at the terminal apparatus allocated to the other communication network e.g.
visually by means of a display symbol of a display unit, by the display of a corresponding text, by the illumination of a lamp, and/or by a corresponding spoken announcement. The control module of the other communication network hereby causes the communication of an item of control information, e.g. in the form of a message, to the terminal apparatus. The type of message is hereby dependent on the type of communication network and is known in principle.
The other communication network can for example be another mobile radiotelephone network, a stationary telephone network with a fixedly wired terminal apparatus or with a wireless terminal apparatus, or a data network with a data terminal apparatus.
In the following the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the figures, on the basis of an embodiment.
Figure 1 shows, in a schematic view, a block switching diagram of a network arrangement consisting of a mobile radiotelephone network, a public stationary network, and a private network with control module according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a short message protocol in the application layer, as well as the protocols of the layer located thereunder, with indication of the transition regions for the transmission of an item of information between a short message service center of a mobile radiotelephone network and a terminal apparatus of a private communication network.
Figure 3 shows the block switching diagram of a communication network arrangement specifically for the execution of an inventive method.
Figure 1 shows, in a schematic view, a block switching diagram of a mobile radiotelephone network PLMN with a short message service unit SMS (Short Message Service), a network subsystem NSS (Network Subsystem) for setting up the connections between at least one mobile subscriber with other subscribers and for mobility management, and with a base station subsystem for controlling the radio connections with mobile stations. Figure 1 shows, as an example, a mobile station as a communication terminal apparatus KE1.
The short message service unit SMS contains a message central module NZM for the receipt and delivery of text messages to subscribers of the mobile radiotelephone network.
The main unit of the network subsystem NSS is a mobile service switching center MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center), which communicates with base station control units BSC (Base Station Controller) via an A-interface. In the one base station subsystem BSS shown in Figure l, a base station control unit BSC is shown that connects several base stations BTS with the mobile service switching center MSC as needed.
The mobile services switching center MSC serves as a standard switching node, and in addition provides all functionalities requires for the handling of mobile subscribers, such as registration, authentication, updating of location, call handover between base stations and call controlling to a subscriber registered as present in a region of a base station. The mobile services switching center MSC
1.5 also provides connections to the public networks PSTN, and, in the example according to Figure l, to another mobile services switching center MSCx, as well as to a private network PISN.
A home location register HLR and a visitor location register VLR serve, together with the mobile services switching center MSC, for call controlling and determination of the location of subscriber terminal apparatuses in the mobile radiotelephone network.
Two further registers of the network subsystem NSS, namely an equipment identity register EIR and an authentication register AC, are used for authentication and for security purposes. The equipment identity register EIR
contains a list of all mobile apparatuses allowed in the network, whereby each mobile station is identified by its international mobile equipment identification IMEI
(International Mobile Equipment Identity). In the authentication center AC, copies of all secret keys respectively stored in the SIM card of each subscriber are stored, which are used for authentication and for encryption via the radio channel.
Figure 1 shows, in a schematic view, a block switching diagram of a network arrangement consisting of a mobile radiotelephone network, a public stationary network, and a private network with control module according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a short message protocol in the application layer, as well as the protocols of the layer located thereunder, with indication of the transition regions for the transmission of an item of information between a short message service center of a mobile radiotelephone network and a terminal apparatus of a private communication network.
Figure 3 shows the block switching diagram of a communication network arrangement specifically for the execution of an inventive method.
Figure 1 shows, in a schematic view, a block switching diagram of a mobile radiotelephone network PLMN with a short message service unit SMS (Short Message Service), a network subsystem NSS (Network Subsystem) for setting up the connections between at least one mobile subscriber with other subscribers and for mobility management, and with a base station subsystem for controlling the radio connections with mobile stations. Figure 1 shows, as an example, a mobile station as a communication terminal apparatus KE1.
The short message service unit SMS contains a message central module NZM for the receipt and delivery of text messages to subscribers of the mobile radiotelephone network.
The main unit of the network subsystem NSS is a mobile service switching center MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center), which communicates with base station control units BSC (Base Station Controller) via an A-interface. In the one base station subsystem BSS shown in Figure l, a base station control unit BSC is shown that connects several base stations BTS with the mobile service switching center MSC as needed.
The mobile services switching center MSC serves as a standard switching node, and in addition provides all functionalities requires for the handling of mobile subscribers, such as registration, authentication, updating of location, call handover between base stations and call controlling to a subscriber registered as present in a region of a base station. The mobile services switching center MSC
1.5 also provides connections to the public networks PSTN, and, in the example according to Figure l, to another mobile services switching center MSCx, as well as to a private network PISN.
A home location register HLR and a visitor location register VLR serve, together with the mobile services switching center MSC, for call controlling and determination of the location of subscriber terminal apparatuses in the mobile radiotelephone network.
Two further registers of the network subsystem NSS, namely an equipment identity register EIR and an authentication register AC, are used for authentication and for security purposes. The equipment identity register EIR
contains a list of all mobile apparatuses allowed in the network, whereby each mobile station is identified by its international mobile equipment identification IMEI
(International Mobile Equipment Identity). In the authentication center AC, copies of all secret keys respectively stored in the SIM card of each subscriber are stored, which are used for authentication and for encryption via the radio channel.
Accordingly, each subscriber has access, within the mobile radiotelephone network PLM, to a database allocated to him, in which database his authorizations, his location and further items of information are stored in retrievable fashion.
The mobile services switching center MSC communicates with the registers HLR, VLR, AC and EIR, using a protocol designated MAP (Mobile Application Part Protocol). This standardized protocol MAP contains signaling functions that are required for the provision of services required in a mobile network.
In addition, Figure 1 shows a private network PISN with a switching means VE for the setting up and tearing down of connections between subscribers. The switching means VE
contains a switching node SW and a switching control unit SC.
The switching means VE can be connected, via a network line terminal module PLM, with a public communication network PSTN
and with the mobile services switching center MSC of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN. The switching means VE
can set up connections to communication terminal apparatuses KE2, KE2' via subscriber terminal modules SLMD and 5LMC. The subscriber terminal module for the digital terminal apparatus SLMD, shown as an example in Figure 1, can be connected with a communication terminal apparatus KE2 via a line. The wireless subscriber terminal module SLMC, shown in Figure 1, can be connected with a communication terminal apparatus KE2' via a base station BS and a radio path. In addition, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 a connection can be set up from the switching means VE via the wireless subscriber terminal module SLMC to a control module SM for short messages. For this purpose, a service number must be allocated to the control module SM, at which a connection setup can be established, e.g. by the short message service unit SMS of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN via the mobile services switching center MSC and the network line terminal module TLM.
The control module SM is coupled, e.g. via an application interface (not shown in detail) or a computer-telephone interface (CTI), with the switching means, in order to communicate information to a terminal apparatus KE2, KE2' via the switching means VE.
In the following, an inventive method is specified with reference to the communication networks shown in Figure 1, taking into account Figure 2.
If in the message central module NZM of the short message service unit SMS of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN
there is present a short message intended for a subscriber for whom the mobile station KE1 is registered in the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN, and moreover the subscriber terminal is registered in the private network PISN with the terminal apparatus KE2, it is checked within the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN where the subscriber can be reached, by querying the data unit DE, with the inclusion of the home location register HLR and the visitor location register VLR. For this purpose, an item of information concerning the presence of a text message is handed over to a gateway by the short message service unit in a non-standardized protocol, which gateway is arranged between the short message service unit and the mobile services switching center MSC, in order to convert the named message into the format of a MAP/H-protocol. A MAP protocol contains signaling functions that are required for the provision of services required in a mobile radiotelephone network, and is standardized under the name "Mobile Application Part Protocol." The message present in the format MAP-H leads to a check in the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN of where the subscriber can be reached. If the subscriber cannot be reached in the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN, but the availability of the subscriber in the private network PISN is stored in the database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN, then a message concerning the presence of a short message is sent from the mobile services switching center MSC to a private branch exchange PINX of the private network PISN, in the format of a protocol standardized according to QSIG, in the example according to Figure 2 in the format QSIG TSC. QSIG is a global signaling system for company networks based on DSS1. Detailed information concerning QSIG can be found in what is called the QSIG Handbook, which is available on the Internet at the address HTTP://www.QSIG.IE/QSIG-Handbook/.
Figure 1 shows a private network PISN in the form of a single private branch exchange PINX. Of course, however, a private network PISN standardly consists of a multiplicity of private branch exchanges PINX connected with one another.
Within the private branch exchange PINX, the message concerning the presence of a short message is communicated to the terminal apparatus KE2 allocated to the subscriber with the use of protocols that are specific for the private branch exchange, called PN CAP in the example according to Figure 2.
In the embodiment according to Figure 1, this takes place via the control module SM, which causes the switching means VE to control a display means at the terminal apparatus KE2 in order to signal the presence of a text message in the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN.
Figure 3 shows the block switching diagram of a communication network arrangement consisting of a mobile radiotelephone network PLMN and a private network PISN, whereby a terminal apparatus KEl, allocated to a subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN, and a terminal apparatus KE2, allocated to the same subscriber, of the private network PISN are realized by a single dual mode hand apparatus DMH, which can be connected with a base station BS
of the private network PISN via a wireless air interface, and can also be connected with a base station BTS of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN via a mobile radiotelephone air interface.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN sends, using a service number, a message concerning the presence of a short message for the subscriber of the terminal apparatus KE2, using a QSIG
protocol, to a subscriber terminal module SLMC provided as a gateway, using a service number. This subscriber terminal module SLMC can be connected, via an application interface ACL, with a control module SM of a short message server for the private network, and the control module SM causes the conversion of the information concerning the presence of a short message into an item of control information for the private network PISN. The information concerning the presence of a short message is transmitted to the subscriber terminal module SLMC with the use of a private branch exchange-internal protocol CorNet, in the area of which module the dual mode hand apparatus DMH, and thus the terminal apparatus KE2, is registered as present. The subscriber terminal module SLMC
causes the routing of the item of control information for the terminal apparatus via the base station BS in whose region the terminal apparatus KE2 is registered as present. In the specified example, in addition to the item of information concerning the presence of a text message, a request for temporary changeover of the dual mode hand apparatus into mobile radiotelephone mode is communicated.
If the dual mode hand apparatus DMH is switched over into mobile radiotelephone mode, i.e., if the terminal apparatus KEl is activated, then, dependent on the receive state of the dual mode hand apparatus DMH, the text message can be registered in mobile radiotelephone mode.
The mobile services switching center MSC communicates with the registers HLR, VLR, AC and EIR, using a protocol designated MAP (Mobile Application Part Protocol). This standardized protocol MAP contains signaling functions that are required for the provision of services required in a mobile network.
In addition, Figure 1 shows a private network PISN with a switching means VE for the setting up and tearing down of connections between subscribers. The switching means VE
contains a switching node SW and a switching control unit SC.
The switching means VE can be connected, via a network line terminal module PLM, with a public communication network PSTN
and with the mobile services switching center MSC of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN. The switching means VE
can set up connections to communication terminal apparatuses KE2, KE2' via subscriber terminal modules SLMD and 5LMC. The subscriber terminal module for the digital terminal apparatus SLMD, shown as an example in Figure 1, can be connected with a communication terminal apparatus KE2 via a line. The wireless subscriber terminal module SLMC, shown in Figure 1, can be connected with a communication terminal apparatus KE2' via a base station BS and a radio path. In addition, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 a connection can be set up from the switching means VE via the wireless subscriber terminal module SLMC to a control module SM for short messages. For this purpose, a service number must be allocated to the control module SM, at which a connection setup can be established, e.g. by the short message service unit SMS of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN via the mobile services switching center MSC and the network line terminal module TLM.
The control module SM is coupled, e.g. via an application interface (not shown in detail) or a computer-telephone interface (CTI), with the switching means, in order to communicate information to a terminal apparatus KE2, KE2' via the switching means VE.
In the following, an inventive method is specified with reference to the communication networks shown in Figure 1, taking into account Figure 2.
If in the message central module NZM of the short message service unit SMS of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN
there is present a short message intended for a subscriber for whom the mobile station KE1 is registered in the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN, and moreover the subscriber terminal is registered in the private network PISN with the terminal apparatus KE2, it is checked within the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN where the subscriber can be reached, by querying the data unit DE, with the inclusion of the home location register HLR and the visitor location register VLR. For this purpose, an item of information concerning the presence of a text message is handed over to a gateway by the short message service unit in a non-standardized protocol, which gateway is arranged between the short message service unit and the mobile services switching center MSC, in order to convert the named message into the format of a MAP/H-protocol. A MAP protocol contains signaling functions that are required for the provision of services required in a mobile radiotelephone network, and is standardized under the name "Mobile Application Part Protocol." The message present in the format MAP-H leads to a check in the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN of where the subscriber can be reached. If the subscriber cannot be reached in the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN, but the availability of the subscriber in the private network PISN is stored in the database, allocated to the subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN, then a message concerning the presence of a short message is sent from the mobile services switching center MSC to a private branch exchange PINX of the private network PISN, in the format of a protocol standardized according to QSIG, in the example according to Figure 2 in the format QSIG TSC. QSIG is a global signaling system for company networks based on DSS1. Detailed information concerning QSIG can be found in what is called the QSIG Handbook, which is available on the Internet at the address HTTP://www.QSIG.IE/QSIG-Handbook/.
Figure 1 shows a private network PISN in the form of a single private branch exchange PINX. Of course, however, a private network PISN standardly consists of a multiplicity of private branch exchanges PINX connected with one another.
Within the private branch exchange PINX, the message concerning the presence of a short message is communicated to the terminal apparatus KE2 allocated to the subscriber with the use of protocols that are specific for the private branch exchange, called PN CAP in the example according to Figure 2.
In the embodiment according to Figure 1, this takes place via the control module SM, which causes the switching means VE to control a display means at the terminal apparatus KE2 in order to signal the presence of a text message in the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN.
Figure 3 shows the block switching diagram of a communication network arrangement consisting of a mobile radiotelephone network PLMN and a private network PISN, whereby a terminal apparatus KEl, allocated to a subscriber, of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN, and a terminal apparatus KE2, allocated to the same subscriber, of the private network PISN are realized by a single dual mode hand apparatus DMH, which can be connected with a base station BS
of the private network PISN via a wireless air interface, and can also be connected with a base station BTS of the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN via a mobile radiotelephone air interface.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, the mobile radiotelephone network PLMN sends, using a service number, a message concerning the presence of a short message for the subscriber of the terminal apparatus KE2, using a QSIG
protocol, to a subscriber terminal module SLMC provided as a gateway, using a service number. This subscriber terminal module SLMC can be connected, via an application interface ACL, with a control module SM of a short message server for the private network, and the control module SM causes the conversion of the information concerning the presence of a short message into an item of control information for the private network PISN. The information concerning the presence of a short message is transmitted to the subscriber terminal module SLMC with the use of a private branch exchange-internal protocol CorNet, in the area of which module the dual mode hand apparatus DMH, and thus the terminal apparatus KE2, is registered as present. The subscriber terminal module SLMC
causes the routing of the item of control information for the terminal apparatus via the base station BS in whose region the terminal apparatus KE2 is registered as present. In the specified example, in addition to the item of information concerning the presence of a text message, a request for temporary changeover of the dual mode hand apparatus into mobile radiotelephone mode is communicated.
If the dual mode hand apparatus DMH is switched over into mobile radiotelephone mode, i.e., if the terminal apparatus KEl is activated, then, dependent on the receive state of the dual mode hand apparatus DMH, the text message can be registered in mobile radiotelephone mode.
Claims (9)
1. ~A method for delivering a text message that has been received in a message central module of a public mobile radio telephone network to a subscriber registered as a subscriber both in the mobile radiotelephone network and in a second communication network which is of a different network type than the mobile radiotelephone network, a location of the subscriber being stored in a database allocated to the subscriber, wherein the text message is delivered to the subscriber if the subscriber can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network, the method comprising the steps of:
determining the presence of the text message to be delivered to the subscriber;
checking in the mobile radiotelephone network whether the subscriber can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network;
storing the availability of the subscriber in the second communication network in the database allocated to the subscriber;
communicating a message, via the message central module, concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber to a control module of the second communication network; and causing the displaying of an item of information, via the control module, concerning the presence of the text message in the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network at a terminal apparatus allocated to the subscriber within the second communication network.
determining the presence of the text message to be delivered to the subscriber;
checking in the mobile radiotelephone network whether the subscriber can be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network;
storing the availability of the subscriber in the second communication network in the database allocated to the subscriber;
communicating a message, via the message central module, concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber to a control module of the second communication network; and causing the displaying of an item of information, via the control module, concerning the presence of the text message in the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network at a terminal apparatus allocated to the subscriber within the second communication network.
2. ~A method for delivering a text message as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of:
communicating a message concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber to the control module of the second communication network via the message central module if the subscriber cannot be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network.
communicating a message concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber to the control module of the second communication network via the message central module if the subscriber cannot be reached within the mobile radiotelephone network.
3. ~A method for delivering a text message as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
checking the availability of the subscriber in the second communication network; and communicating a message, via the message central module, concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber to the control module of the second communication network if the availability of the subscriber in the second communication network is recognized by the message central module.
checking the availability of the subscriber in the second communication network; and communicating a message, via the message central module, concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber to the control module of the second communication network if the availability of the subscriber in the second communication network is recognized by the message central module.
4. ~A method for delivering a text message as claimed in claim 1, wherein only the availability in principle of the subscriber in the second communication network is stored in the database allocated to the subscriber.
5. ~A method for delivering a text message as claimed in claim 1, wherein a current availability of the subscriber in the second communication network is stored in the database allocated to the subscriber.
6. ~A method for delivering a text message as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the step of:
communicating to the mobile radiotelephone network, via the second communication network, a separate message concerning the current availability of the subscriber in the second communication network.
communicating to the mobile radiotelephone network, via the second communication network, a separate message concerning the current availability of the subscriber in the second communication network.
7. ~A method for delivering a text message as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of:
causing a check of a current availability of the subscriber in the second communication network, via the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network, given the presence of the text message to be delivered to the subscriber.
causing a check of a current availability of the subscriber in the second communication network, via the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network, given the presence of the text message to be delivered to the subscriber.
8. ~A method for delivering a text message as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
enabling the subscriber to be reached both in the mobile radiotelephone network and in the second communication network with the aid of a terminal apparatus that can be switched between wireless operation and mobile radiotelephone operation; and automatically switching the terminal apparatus into mobile radiotelephone mode after receipt of an item of information concerning the presence of the text message in the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network.
enabling the subscriber to be reached both in the mobile radiotelephone network and in the second communication network with the aid of a terminal apparatus that can be switched between wireless operation and mobile radiotelephone operation; and automatically switching the terminal apparatus into mobile radiotelephone mode after receipt of an item of information concerning the presence of the text message in the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network.
9. ~A method for delivering a text message as claimed in claim 1, further comprising the step of:
communicating a confirmation message to the control module of the second communication network after the delivery of a text message, via the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network, if a message concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber previously has been communicated to the control module.
communicating a confirmation message to the control module of the second communication network after the delivery of a text message, via the message central module of the mobile radiotelephone network, if a message concerning the presence of the text message for the subscriber previously has been communicated to the control module.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19640219A DE19640219A1 (en) | 1996-09-30 | 1996-09-30 | Method for indicating that a text message is present in a central message module of a mobile radio network |
| DE19640219.0 | 1996-09-30 | ||
| PCT/DE1997/002231 WO1998015142A2 (en) | 1996-09-30 | 1997-09-29 | Method for indicating that a text message is available in a central messaging module of a mobile radiotelephone network |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CA2267597A1 CA2267597A1 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
| CA2267597C true CA2267597C (en) | 2006-11-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CA002267597A Expired - Lifetime CA2267597C (en) | 1996-09-30 | 1997-09-29 | Method for indicating that a text message is present in a message central module of a mobile radiotelephone network |
Country Status (6)
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| US (1) | US6351648B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0929981B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1109454C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2267597C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19640219A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998015142A2 (en) |
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| WO1999053627A1 (en) | 1998-04-10 | 1999-10-21 | Chrimar Systems, Inc. Doing Business As Cms Technologies | System for communicating with electronic equipment on a network |
| FI111683B (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2003-08-29 | Nokia Corp | Procedure for storing and informing properties of a wireless communication device, wireless communication device and wireless data transfer system |
| DE19925220A1 (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2000-12-14 | Siemens Ag | Method and arrangement for sending a message |
| GB9921768D0 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 1999-11-17 | Inventec Malaysia Corp Uk Ltd | Messaging delivery method and apparatus for use in PSTN and cellular networks |
| JP3628250B2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2005-03-09 | 株式会社東芝 | Registration / authentication method used in a wireless communication system |
| US6987755B2 (en) * | 2001-03-22 | 2006-01-17 | Siemens Communications, Inc. | System and method for user notification in a communication system |
| DE10120043A1 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-11-07 | Tenovis Gmbh & Co Kg | Transmitting short message involves connectionless transmission using information element facility in signaling channel based on QSIG standard between telecommunications systems |
| AU2003234660A1 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-19 | Interdigital Technology Corporation | Method and apparatus for transmission of internet control message protocol messages in a communications network |
| US7826828B2 (en) * | 2003-04-29 | 2010-11-02 | Comverse, Ltd. | Method and system for detecting availability of a wireless device |
| US7890096B2 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2011-02-15 | Tango Networks, Inc. | System and method for enabling call originations using SMS and hotline capabilities |
| US8023479B2 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2011-09-20 | Tango Networks, Inc. | Mobile application gateway for connecting devices on a cellular network with individual enterprise and data networks |
| US7903635B2 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2011-03-08 | Tango Networks, Inc. | System and method for enabling DTMF detection in a VoIP network |
| US11405846B2 (en) | 2006-03-02 | 2022-08-02 | Tango Networks, Inc. | Call flow system and method for use in a legacy telecommunication system |
| KR20080004167A (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2008-01-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for receiving short message of mobile communication terminal |
| US10255607B2 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2019-04-09 | Disney Enterprises, Inc. | Collecting consumer information |
| CN101354270B (en) * | 2008-05-05 | 2010-06-02 | 国网南京自动化研究院 | Method for storing electric power scheduling mass data |
| US8861695B2 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2014-10-14 | Avaya Inc. | System and method for sending data using caller ID |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8919323D0 (en) | 1989-08-25 | 1989-10-11 | Telecom Sec Cellular Radio Ltd | Call completion system |
| US5787357A (en) * | 1991-10-17 | 1998-07-28 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Short message processing in a mobile exchange |
| FI98688C (en) * | 1994-07-20 | 1997-07-25 | Nokia Telecommunications Oy | Method for initiating a short message transmission in a cellular radio system, a cellular radio system and subscriber register in a cellular radio system |
| FI100444B (en) * | 1995-02-20 | 1997-11-28 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Data transfer method and system |
| US5946629A (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 1999-08-31 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | Cellular telephone network having short message service interaction with other networks |
| US6108530A (en) * | 1995-12-14 | 2000-08-22 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | System and method for transmitting a displayable message between short message entities in more than one data package |
| US5946630A (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1999-08-31 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method for storing and forwarding short messages to mobile subscribers in a cellular communications system |
| US5950123A (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1999-09-07 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M | Cellular telephone network support of audible information delivery to visually impaired subscribers |
| US6163704A (en) * | 1996-11-15 | 2000-12-19 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Delivery of subscriber digital data messages in a dual mode cellular telephone network |
| US6138006A (en) * | 1997-09-20 | 2000-10-24 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson | System and method of delivering collect calls in a radio telecommunications network |
| KR100279709B1 (en) * | 1997-10-18 | 2001-02-01 | 윤종용 | Apparatus and method for transmitting short message in a mobile radio terminal |
| US6151507A (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 2000-11-21 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Individual short message service (SMS) options |
| US6119014A (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 2000-09-12 | Ericsson Inc. | System and method for displaying short messages depending upon location, priority, and user-defined indicators |
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1996
- 1996-09-30 DE DE19640219A patent/DE19640219A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 1997-09-29 CN CN97198376.3A patent/CN1109454C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-29 EP EP97912035A patent/EP0929981B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-29 CA CA002267597A patent/CA2267597C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-29 WO PCT/DE1997/002231 patent/WO1998015142A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-29 US US09/269,527 patent/US6351648B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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|---|---|
| WO1998015142A3 (en) | 1999-03-18 |
| DE19640219A1 (en) | 1998-04-02 |
| EP0929981B1 (en) | 2001-12-19 |
| CN1231806A (en) | 1999-10-13 |
| CA2267597A1 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
| WO1998015142A2 (en) | 1998-04-09 |
| CN1109454C (en) | 2003-05-21 |
| EP0929981A2 (en) | 1999-07-21 |
| US6351648B1 (en) | 2002-02-26 |
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