CA2256210A1 - Arc fault detector with circuit interrupter - Google Patents

Arc fault detector with circuit interrupter

Info

Publication number
CA2256210A1
CA2256210A1 CA002256210A CA2256210A CA2256210A1 CA 2256210 A1 CA2256210 A1 CA 2256210A1 CA 002256210 A CA002256210 A CA 002256210A CA 2256210 A CA2256210 A CA 2256210A CA 2256210 A1 CA2256210 A1 CA 2256210A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
arc
load
line
detection
output signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002256210A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2256210C (en
Inventor
Benjamin B. Neiger
Roger M. Bradley
James N. Pearse
William J. Rose
Albert Zaretsky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leviton Manufacturing Co Inc
Original Assignee
Leviton Manufacturing Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leviton Manufacturing Co Inc filed Critical Leviton Manufacturing Co Inc
Publication of CA2256210A1 publication Critical patent/CA2256210A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2256210C publication Critical patent/CA2256210C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/03—Application domotique, e.g. for house automation, bus connected switches, sensors, loads or intelligent wiring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/331—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers responsive to earthing of the neutral conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/334—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control
    • H02H3/335—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control the main function being self testing of the device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems

Abstract

An arc fault detector embodied as both a stand alone device and in combination with a circuit interrupting device such as a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) functions to provide protection from potentially dangerous arc fault conditions. The device utilizes line side and load side pickup coils to permit distinguishing between arc faults occurring on the line side and the load side of the device. The arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) circuitry portion of the device shares components from the GFCI circuitry portion as an integral part of its functionality. The AFCI utilizes the electromechanical power carrying portion of the GFCI, including the AC line disconnect circuitry, the power supply and the physical housing.
In addition, the AFCI employs quantitative detection using variable gain control in combination with either a load disconnect or audible/visual alarm indication. The device also includes a timer circuit, which permits the user to temporarily inhibit or disable the arc detection, and selective frequency filtering permitting are detection in the presence of power line carrier communications. In addition, the device includes communication means to permit the device to communicate the occurrence and location of an arc fault to a centralized monitoring station.

Claims (40)

1. An arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) device electrically connected to an electrical wiring system between a source of electrical power including line side phase and neutral conductors and a load including phase and neutral conductors, said device comprising:
arc fault circuit means for detecting arc faults occurring on said electrical wiring system, said arc fault circuit means for distinguishing between arc faults occurring on said line side and said load side of said device, said arc fault circuit means operative to generate an arc fault trigger signal in response to the detection of an arc fault;
trigger means for generating a switching signal upon receipt of said arc fault trigger signal; and switching means electrically connected in series between said line side phase and neutral conductors and said load side phase and neutral conductors, said switching means for disconnecting said source of electrical power to said load side phase and neutral conductors in response to said switching signal.
2. The device according to claim 1, further comprising circuit interrupting means for interrupting the flow of current to a load electrically connected to said device in response to predetermined criteria.
3. The device according to claim 2, wherein said circuit interrupting means comprises ground fault circuit interrupter GFCI) means for detecting the occurrence of a ground fault between said phase conductor and ground or between said neutral conductor and ground, said ground fault circuit means operative to generate a ground fault trigger signal in response to the detection of said ground fault.
4. The device according to claim 1, wherein said arc fault means comprises line pickup means located on said line side of said device, said line pickup means for detecting arcing occurring on said electrical wiring system.
5. The device according to claim 4, wherein said line pickup means comprises a toroidal ferrite transformer.
6. The device according to claim 4, wherein said line pickup means comprises a resonance damping network for enhancing broadband frequency pickup.
7. The device according to claim 4, wherein said line pickup means comprises capacitive coupling means for coupling said line side of said device to said electrical wiring system.
8. The device according to claim 1, wherein said arc fault means comprises load pickup means located on said load side of said device, said load pickup means for detecting arcing occurring on said electrical wiring system.
9. The device according to claim 8, wherein said load pickup means comprises a toroidal ferrite transformer.
10. The device according to claim 8, wherein said load pickup means comprises a resonance damping network for enhancing broadband frequency pickup.
11. The device according to claim 8, wherein said load pickup means comprises capacitive coupling means for coupling said load side of said device to said electrical wiring system.
12. The device according to claim 1, wherein said arc fault means comprises line side impedance means for enhancing the high frequency line impedance on said line side of said device.
13. The device according to claim 12, wherein said line side impedance means comprises a ferrite bead.
14. The device according to claim 1, wherein said arc fault means comprises load side impedance means for enhancing the high frequency line impedance on said load side of said device.
15. The device according to claim 14, wherein said load side impedance means comprises a ferrite bead.
16. The device according to claim 1, wherein said arc fault circuit means comprises a line side transformer through which either said line side phase or neutral conductor passes through, said transformer operative to generate a current proportional to the current flowing through said line side phase or neutral conductor.
17. The device according to claim 1, wherein said arc fault circuit means comprises a load side transformer through which either said load side phase or neutral conductor passes through, said transformer operative to generate a current proportional to the current flowing through said load side phase or neutral conductor.
18. The device according to claim 1, further comprising:
line detection means for sensing high frequency signals on said electrical wiring system on the line side of said device;
load detection means for sensing high frequency signals on said electrical wiring system on the load side of said device;
line circuit means for generating a line output signal in accordance with the output of said line detection means;
load circuit means for generating a load output signal in accordance with the output of said load detection means; and arc detect means for generating said arc fault trigger signal when said load output signal is greater than said line output signal.
19. The device according to claim 18, further comprising audible alarm means forsounding an audible alarm when said line output signal is greater than said load output signal.
20. An arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) device electrically connected to an electrical wiring system between a source of electrical power including line side phase and neutral conductors and a load including phase and neutral conductors, said device comprising:
arc fault circuit means for detecting arc faults occurring on said electrical wiring system, said arc fault circuit means for distinguishing between arc faults occurring on said line side and said load side of said device, said arc fault circuit means operative to generate an arc fault trigger signal in response to the detection of an arc fault;
trigger means for generating a switching signal upon receipt of said arc fault trigger signal;
switching means electrically connected in series between said line side phase and neutral conductors and said load side phase and neutral conductors, said switching means for disconnecting said source of electrical power to said load side phase and neutral conductors in response to said switching signal; and timer means for partially disabling arc detection for a finite period of time, the disabling of arc detection providing a user with the ability use an electrical device exhibiting arcing, said timer means enabling arc detection after use of said electrical device has been discontinued.
21. An arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) device electrically connected to an electrical wiring system between a source of electrical power including line side phase and neutral conductors and a load side including phase and neutral conductors, said device comprising:
line detection means for sensing high frequency signals on said electrical wiring system on the line side of said device;
load detection means for sensing high frequency signals on said electrical wiring system on the load side of said device;
line circuit means for generating a line output signal in accordance with the output of said line detection means;
load circuit means for generating a load output signal in accordance with the output of said load detection means;
arc detect means for generating an arc fault trigger signal in accordance with said load output signal and said line output signal;
trigger means for generating a switching signal upon receipt of said arc fault trigger signal; and switching means electrically connected in series between said line side phase and neutral conductors and said load side phase and neutral conductors, said switching means for disconnecting said source of electrical power to said load side phase and neutral conductors in response to said switching signal.
22. The device according to claims 20 or 21, further comprising circuit interrupting means for interrupting the flow of current to a load electrically connected to said device in response to predetermined criteria.
23. The device according to claim 22, wherein said circuit interrupting means comprises ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) means for detecting the occurrence of a ground fault between said phase conductor and ground or between said neutral conductor and ground, said ground fault circuit means operative to generate a ground fault trigger signal in response to the detection of said ground fault.
24. The device according to claim 21, wherein said arc detect means generates said arc fault trigger signal when said load output signal is greater than said line output signal.
25. The device according to claim 21, further comprising means for generating an alarm signal when said line output signal is greater than said load output signal.
26. The device according to claims 1, 20 or 21 further comprising means for partially disabling arc detection for a finite period of time, the disabling of arc detection providing a user with the ability use an electrical device exhibiting arcing, said timer means enabling arc detection after use of said electrical device has been discontinued.
27. The device according to claims 1, 20 or 21, further comprising communication means for communicating the generation of said switching signal.
28. The device according to claims 1, 20 or 21, further comprising means for receiving an external disable command and disabling arc detection in accordance therewith.
29. The device according to claims 1, 20 or 21, further comprising means for a user to manually turn arc detection on and off.
30. The device according to claims 1, 20 or 21, further comprising means for disabling arc detection during daylight hours and enabling arc detection during night hours.
31. The device according to claims l, 20 or 21, further comprising means for disabling and enabling arc detection in accordance with signals received from a remote infrared (IR) transmitter.
32. In an arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) device connected to an electrical wiring system via line side phase and neutral conductors and load side phase and neutral conductors, a method of detecting arc faults, comprising the steps of:
detecting high frequency signals on said line side of said device and generating a line output signal in response thereto;
detecting high frequency signals on said load side of said device and generating a load output signal in response thereto;
disconnecting said source of electrical power from said load side phase and neutral conductors when said load output signal exceeds said line output signal.
33. In an arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) device connected to an electrical wiring system via line side phase and neutral conductors and load side phase and neutral conductors, a method of detecting arc faults and ground faults, comprising the steps of:
detecting high frequency signals on said line side of said device and generating a line output signal in response thereto;
detecting high frequency signals on said load side of said device and generating a load output signal in response thereto;
disconnecting said source of electrical power from said load side phase and neutral conductors when said load output signal exceeds said line output signal or in response to said ground fault trigger signal.
34. The method according to claims 32 or 33, further comprising the step of partially disabling arc detection for a finite period of time, the disabling of arc detection providing a user with the ability use an electrical device exhibiting arcing, and enabling arc detection after use of said electrical device has been discontinued.
35. The method according to claims 32 or 33, further comprising the step of communicating the disconnection of said source of electrical power from said load.
36. The method according to claims 32 or 33, further comprising the step of receiving a disable command and disabling arc detection in accordance therewith.
37. The method according to claims 32 or 33, further comprising the step of providing the ability for a user to manually turn arc detection on and off.
38. The method according to claims 32 or 33, further comprising the step of disabling arc detection during daylight hours and enabling arc detection during night hours.
39. The method according to claims 32 or 33, further comprising the step of disabling and enabling arc detection in accordance with signals received from a remote infrared (IR) transmitter.
40. The method according to claims 32 or 33, further comprising the steps of:
detecting the occurrence of a ground fault between said phase conductor and ground or between said neutral conductor and ground, and generating a ground fault trigger signal in response to the detection of said ground fault.
CA002256210A 1997-12-19 1998-12-16 Arc fault detector with circuit interrupter Expired - Fee Related CA2256210C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/994,772 1997-12-19
US08/994,772 US5963406A (en) 1997-12-19 1997-12-19 Arc fault detector with circuit interrupter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2256210A1 true CA2256210A1 (en) 1999-06-19
CA2256210C CA2256210C (en) 2009-12-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
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US (2) US5963406A (en)
CA (1) CA2256210C (en)

Cited By (1)

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CN112771393A (en) * 2018-09-28 2021-05-07 弗罗纽斯国际有限公司 AFCI self-check

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