CA2186225A1 - Pulse oximeter and sensor optimized for low saturation - Google Patents

Pulse oximeter and sensor optimized for low saturation

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Publication number
CA2186225A1
CA2186225A1 CA002186225A CA2186225A CA2186225A1 CA 2186225 A1 CA2186225 A1 CA 2186225A1 CA 002186225 A CA002186225 A CA 002186225A CA 2186225 A CA2186225 A CA 2186225A CA 2186225 A1 CA2186225 A1 CA 2186225A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
light
spectrum
oxygen saturation
wavelength
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CA002186225A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2186225C (en
Inventor
James R. Casciani
Paul D. Mannheimer
Steve L. Nierlich
Stephen J. Ruskewicz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC
Original Assignee
James R. Casciani
Paul D. Mannheimer
Steve L. Nierlich
Stephen J. Ruskewicz
Nellcor Incorporated
Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by James R. Casciani, Paul D. Mannheimer, Steve L. Nierlich, Stephen J. Ruskewicz, Nellcor Incorporated, Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated filed Critical James R. Casciani
Publication of CA2186225A1 publication Critical patent/CA2186225A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2186225C publication Critical patent/CA2186225C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
    • A61B5/1464—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters specially adapted for foetal tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
    • A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0233—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
    • A61B2562/0242—Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00 for varying or adjusting the optical path length in the tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
    • A61B5/7207—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal of noise induced by motion artifacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/31—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/32—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the layer connectors after the connecting process of an individual layer connector
    • H01L2224/321—Disposition
    • H01L2224/32151—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/32221—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/32245—Disposition the layer connector connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/4805—Shape
    • H01L2224/4809—Loop shape
    • H01L2224/48091—Arched
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/47—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/48—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors after the connecting process of an individual wire connector
    • H01L2224/481—Disposition
    • H01L2224/48151—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive
    • H01L2224/48221—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked
    • H01L2224/48245—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic
    • H01L2224/48247—Connecting between a semiconductor or solid-state body and an item not being a semiconductor or solid-state body, e.g. chip-to-substrate, chip-to-passive the body and the item being stacked the item being metallic connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/73—Means for bonding being of different types provided for in two or more of groups H01L2224/10, H01L2224/18, H01L2224/26, H01L2224/34, H01L2224/42, H01L2224/50, H01L2224/63, H01L2224/71
    • H01L2224/732—Location after the connecting process
    • H01L2224/73251—Location after the connecting process on different surfaces
    • H01L2224/73265—Layer and wire connectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/30—Technical effects
    • H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
    • H01L2924/3011—Impedance

Abstract

A pulse oximeter sensor (410) with a light source optimized for low oxygen saturation ranges and for maximizing the immunity to perturbation induced artifact. Preferably, a red (112) and an infrared light source (114) are used, with the red light source (112) having a mean wavelength between 700-790 nm. The infrared light source (114) can have a mean wavelength as in prior art devices used on patients with high saturation. The sensor of the present invention is further optimized by arranging the spacing between the light emitter (112, 114) and light detectors (116) to minimize the sensitivity to perturbation induced artifact. The present invention optimizes the chosen wavelengths to achieve a closer matching of the absorption and scattering coefficient products for the red and IR light sources. This optimization gives robust readings in the presence of perturbation artifacts including force variations, tissue variations and variations in the oxygen saturation itself.

Claims (49)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A method for measuring blood oxygen saturation with a sensor (200) and a pulse oximeter (220), said sensor having a light source (210) and a light detector (214), characterized by:
selecting a wavelength spectrum of light received by said light detector from said light source which will provide a more accurate oxygen saturation calculation for an oxygen saturation less than 80 percent than a wavelength spectrum which provides its most accurate oxygen saturation calculation for an oxygen saturation greater than 90 percent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said selecting step is for an oxygen saturation of a fetus.
3. The method of claim 2, including selecting said wavelength spectrum for an oxygen saturation reading less than 65 percent.
4. The method of claim 2, including selecting said wavelength spectrum for an oxygen saturation reading greater than 15 percent.
5. The method of claim 2 further characterized by:
selecting a spacing of said light source from said light detector to reduce the sensitivity of said sensor to perturbation induced artifact; and measuring the intensity of light from said light source at said detector using light scattered through said fetus.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein a spacing between where said light is injected into said tissue and collected from said tissue is at least 10 mm.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein said wavelength spectrum includes at least two separated wavelength spectrums.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein said wavelength spectrums are generated by said light source (210) consisting of two LEDs (112, 114).
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said received light comprises a red spectrum and an infrared spectrum, each of said red and infrared spectrums having an extinction and a scattering coefficient associated with blood perfused tissue, said selecting step comprising choosing wavelength spectrums within said red and infrared spectrums whose product of their respective extinction and scattering coefficients form first and second values, a ratio between said first and second values being between 0.5 and 2 for a majority of the oxygen saturation reading range of 0 to 65 percent.
10. The method of claim 9 further comprising the step of alternately selecting said light spectrum for an oxygen saturation reading range greater than 65 percent.
11. The method of claim 2 wherein said received light comprises a red spectrum and an infrared spectrum, said selecting step comprising using a first spectrum within said infrared spectrum in a range useful for a patient having high saturation, and selecting the red spectrum to be a second spectrum for a fetus.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the mean wavelength of said second spectrum is between 700 and 790 nanometers.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein said second spectrum includes 735 nanometers at an intensity of at least 50 percent of the intensity of any other wavelengths in said second spectrum.
14. The method of claim 2 wherein said selecting step increases a depth of penetration of said light in a fetus compared to an optimum penetration depth for a patient having high saturation.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said selecting step reduces the sensitivity of said method to artifact.
16. The method of claim 1 wherein said selecting step includes selecting said light source to have a desired wavelength spectrum.
17. The method of claim 1 wherein said selecting step includes selecting said light detector which detects a limited spectrum of light.
18. The method of claim 1 wherein said selecting step includes filtering said light source to pass a desired wavelength spectrum.
19. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of alternately selecting said wavelength spectrum of light received by said light detector from said light source for an oxygen saturation reading greater than 80 percent.
20. The method of claim 1 further characterized by:
detecting light at said detector comprising red and infrared spectrums;
selecting the infrared spectrum so as to have a wavelength spectrum useful for measuring oxygen saturation in a patient with high saturation;
selecting a wavelength spectrum of said red spectrum to have a mean wavelength between 700 and 790 nanometers for an oxygen saturation reading between 15 and 65 percent, said selecting increasing an immunity of a measurement of blood oxygen saturation to perturbation artifact;
placing said sensor on a fetus;

measuring an intensity of at least two light signals from said light source at said light detector after being scattered through a portion of said fetus;
and determining said blood oxygen saturation using said intensity and said pulse oximeter.
21. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of measuring a third light signal from detected light scattered through a portion of said fetus, the third light signal having a mean wavelength less than 700 nanometers and being selected for an oxygen saturation reading greater than 65 percent.
22. The method of claim 20 further comprising the steps of:
selecting a second red light source;
selecting a wavelength spectrum of said second red light source to have a mean wavelength less than 700 nanometers; and selectively activating either or both said first mentioned or second red light source.
23. The method of claim 1 further characterized by:
selecting said light received to have at least first and second wavelength spectrums; and calculating the oxygen saturation using coefficients for calculating oxygen saturation form detected light of the first and second spectrums.
24. The method of claim 1 further characterized by:
selecting a light source and a far red and infrared light detector; and placing said light detectors in a single encapsulated package and mounting said package on said sensor.
24 selecting said detector to detect a second red light spectrum;
selecting a wavelength spectrum of said second red light spectrum to have a mean wavelength less than 700 nanometers; and selectively detecting either or both said first mentioned or second red light spectrums.
26. A pulse oximeter sensor (200) with a housing (200) holding at least one light source (210) and at least one detector (214), characterized by:
said light source and said detector providing a wavelength spectrum selected to provide a more accurate oxygen saturation calculation for an oxygen saturation less than 80 percent than a wavelength spectrum which provides its most accurate oxygen saturation calculation for an oxygen saturation greater than 90 percent.
27. The sensor of claim 26 wherein the light includes an infrared light spectrum, said infrared spectrum having a range useful for measuring oxygen saturation in a patient with high saturation, the detected light also including a red light spectrum, said red light spectrum having a mean wavelength between 700 and 790 nanometers.
28. The sensor of claim 26 wherein said light source comprises at least one LED.
29. The sensor of claim 26 wherein said light source comprises red and infrared light sources spaced from said detector by at least 10 mm.
30. The sensor of claim 26 wherein said light source comprises red and infrared light sources spaced from said detector by at least 14 mm.
31. The sensor of claim 26 wherein said light source emits a limited spectrum.
32. The sensor of claim 26 further characterized by a filter between said light source and said detector for passing a limited spectrum of light.
33. The sensor of claim 26 wherein said detector is a wavelength sensitive detector which detects a limited spectrum of light.
34. The sensor of claim 26 further characterized by:
means for providing a red light spectrum having a mean wavelength less than 700 nanometers.
35. The sensor of claim 34 wherein said means for providing a red light spectrum having a mean wavelength between 700 and 790 nanometers is a first light emitting diode (112); and said means for providing a red light spectrum having a mean wavelength less than 700 nanometers is a second light emitting diode (112).
36. The sensor of claim 26 further characterized by:
one of said light source and light detector including means for providing light comprising first and second spectrums, each of the spectrums being selected for the products of their respective extinction and scattering coefficients in blood perfused tissue, the products forming first and second values, a ratio between said first and second values being between 0.5 and 2 for a majority of the oxygen saturations less than 80 percent.
37. The sensor of claim 26 further characterized by:
at least one of said source and detector being selected for reducing the sensitivity of a blood oxygen saturation measurement to perturbation induced artifact for saturations less than 65 percent.
38. The sensor of claim 37 further characterized by means for alternately selecting said source and detector for oxygen saturation readings greater than 65 percent.
39. The sensor of claim 38 further characterized by a second red light source having a mean wavelength less than 700 nanometers.
40. The sensor of claim 26 further characterized by:
an infrared light source (114) having a wavelength spectrum useful for measuring oxygen saturation in a patient with high saturation;
a deep red light source (112) having a mean wavelength between 700 and 790 nanometers; and a single encapsulated package package (144) enclosing said red and infrared light sources, said package being mounted on said sensor.
41. A pulse oximeter (220) having an input connector (234) for receiving at least first and second signals from a sensor obtained by scattering light through tissue, the light having at least first and second wavelength spectrums, a memory, and a processor, coupled to said memory and said input connector, for calculating the oxygen saturation, characterized by:
a memory (246) storing coefficients for calculating oxygen saturation from detected light of said first and second spectrums, the spectrums being selected to provide a more accurate oxygen saturation calculation for an oxygen saturation less than 80 percent than a wavelength spectrum which provides its most accurate oxygen saturation calculation for an oxygen saturation greater than 90 percent.
42. The pulse oximeter of claim 41 wherein said first wavelength spectrum has a mean wavelength between 700 and 790 nanometers.
43. The pulse oximeter of claim 42 further characterized by:
a detector (244) coupled to said connector for detecting a coding signal from a sensor (200) indicative of a mean wavelength between 700 and 790 nanometers for said first wavelength spectrum.
44. The pulse oximeter of claim 4 further characterized by:
a decoder (244), coupled to said detector and said memory, for selecting appropriate coefficients from said memory based on said coding signal.
45. The pulse oximeter of claim 43 wherein said detector further comprises means for passing a current through an impedance element (216) in said sensor, said impedance element having a value indicative of a mean wavelength between 700 and 790 nanometers for said first wavelength spectrum.
46. The pulse oximeter of claim 41 further characterized by:
said memory storing coefficients for calculating oxygen saturation from detected light of an infrared spectrum having a range useful for measuring oxygen saturation in a patient with high saturation and a red light spectrum having a mean wavelength between 700 and 790 nanometers.
47. The pulse oximeter of claim 46 wherein said memory further comprises:
coefficients for a red light spectrum having a mean wavelength less than 700 nanometers.

coefficients for a red light spectrum having a mean wavelength less than 700 nanometers.
48. The pulse oximeter of claim 41 further characterized by:
said memory storing coefficients for calculating oxygen saturation from detected light of said spectrum, each of the spectrums being selected for the products of their respective extinction and scattering coefficients in blood perfused tissue, the products forming first and second values, a ratio between said first and second values being between 0.5 and 2 for a majority of oxygen saturations less than 80 percent.
49. The pulse oximeter of claim 41 further characterized by:
said memory storing coefficients suitable for calculating oxygen saturation from detected light of said spectrums, said spectrums being selected for reducing the sensitivity of a blood oxygen saturation measurement to perturbation induced artifact for saturations less than 65 percent.
CA2186225A 1994-04-01 1995-03-31 Pulse oximeter and sensor optimized for low saturation Expired - Lifetime CA2186225C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/221,911 1994-04-01
US08/221,911 US5421329A (en) 1994-04-01 1994-04-01 Pulse oximeter sensor optimized for low saturation
PCT/US1995/004050 WO1995026676A1 (en) 1994-04-01 1995-03-31 Pulse oximeter and sensor optimized for low saturation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2186225A1 true CA2186225A1 (en) 1995-10-12
CA2186225C CA2186225C (en) 2010-10-12

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CA2186225A Expired - Lifetime CA2186225C (en) 1994-04-01 1995-03-31 Pulse oximeter and sensor optimized for low saturation

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US (3) US5421329A (en)
EP (2) EP0754007B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH10500323A (en)
KR (1) KR100376649B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1100514C (en)
AT (2) ATE286670T1 (en)
AU (1) AU705934B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9507265A (en)
CA (1) CA2186225C (en)
DE (2) DE69518235T2 (en)
DK (2) DK0992214T3 (en)
ES (2) ES2148509T3 (en)
FI (1) FI963921A (en)
GR (1) GR3034711T3 (en)
NO (1) NO964143L (en)
NZ (1) NZ283905A (en)
PT (2) PT992214E (en)
WO (1) WO1995026676A1 (en)

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