CA2155236C - Gas phase polymerization process - Google Patents
Gas phase polymerization processInfo
- Publication number
- CA2155236C CA2155236C CA002155236A CA2155236A CA2155236C CA 2155236 C CA2155236 C CA 2155236C CA 002155236 A CA002155236 A CA 002155236A CA 2155236 A CA2155236 A CA 2155236A CA 2155236 C CA2155236 C CA 2155236C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- polymerization zone
- polymerization
- reactor
- bed
- monomers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene group Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 description 19
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 10
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 10
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 5
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 3
- MFWFDRBPQDXFRC-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;vanadium Chemical compound [V].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O MFWFDRBPQDXFRC-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001501610 Atule Species 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241001441571 Hiodontidae Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- -1 ethylene, propylene Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFONKFDEZLYQDH-OPQQBVKSSA-N N-[(1R,2S)-2,6-dimethyindan-1-yl]-6-[(1R)-1-fluoroethyl]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine Chemical compound C[C@@H](F)C1=NC(N)=NC(N[C@H]2C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C[C@@H]2C)=N1 YFONKFDEZLYQDH-OPQQBVKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000364027 Sinoe Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PVEOYINWKBTPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC=C PVEOYINWKBTPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZHXZNKNQUHUIGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro hypochlorite;vanadium Chemical compound [V].ClOCl ZHXZNKNQUHUIGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003211 cis-1,4-polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbutene Natural products CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- SJMLNDPIJZBEKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl SJMLNDPIJZBEKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CCC=CC=C AHAREKHAZNPPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/34—Polymerisation in gaseous state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1818—Feeding of the fluidising gas
- B01J8/1827—Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/1872—Details of the fluidised bed reactor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
- B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/58—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/04—Ortho-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F10/14—Monomers containing five or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
- C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
- C08F36/06—Butadiene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/901—Monomer polymerized in vapor state in presence of transition metal containing catalyst
Abstract
A process for producing polymers in a gas phase reactor by continuously introducing a stream of monomer and gas into a polymerization zone while maintaining the temperature within the polymerization zone below the dew point temperature of at least one monomer present in said polymerization zone.
Description
('.A~: P~A~;~ PO~ I~R~7~q'I()N PE20 rMARy OF 1~ ~VF~I'ION
This invention relates to a new gas phase process capable of effecting polymerization re~ctiQnc using liquid monr~mers in an otherwise gas-phase process.
R~CKGROUNT~ OF 1~1; ~V~TIl~N
The discovery of gas-phase fl~ i7Pd bed and stirred reactor processes for the production of polymers, especially polyolefin polymers, made it possible to produce a wide variety of new polymers with highly desirable and improved properties. These gas-phase processes, especially the gas fluidized bed process for producing fiuch polymers provided a means for producing polymers with a drastic reduction in capital investment expense and dr~m~tic savings in energy usage as compared to other then conventional polymerization processes.
In a conventional gas flllitli7erl bed process a gaseous stream cont~ining one or more mQ~omers is p~Cseti into a fluidized bed reactor cont~ining a bed of growing polymer particles in a polymerization zone, while continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into the polymerization zone. The desired polymer product is withdrawn from the polymerization zone, degassed, shhili7e~ and ps3rks~ged for shipmen~ all by well known techniques. Because the polymerization reaction is exothermic, sub6tantial heat i6 generated in the polymerization zone which must be removed to ~,e~,ent the polymer particles from overhe~ting and fusing together. This is accomplished by continuously removing unreacted hot gases from the polymerization zone and repl~cing them with cooler gases. The hot gases removed from the polymerization zone are CGlll~l assed, cooled in a heat e~ch~nger, supplementerl by additional amounts of monomer to replace monomer polymerized and removed from the reaction zone and then recycled into the bottom of the reactor. Cooling of the recycled D-17226 ,~ 7 ~ ~ ~ 3 ~
gases is accomplished in one or more heat exchanger stages. The sequence of compression and cooling is a matter of design choice but it is usually preferable to provide for compression of the hot gases prior to cooling. The rate of gas flow into and through the reactor is maintained at a level such that the bed of polymer particles is maintained in a fLuidized condition. The production of polymer in a stirred bed reactor is very ~imil~r, differing primarily in the use of mechanical stirring means to assist in maint~ining the polymer bed in a fluidized condition.
Conventional gas phase fluidized bed resin production is very well known in the art as shown, for example, by the disclosure appearing in United States Patents Nos. 4,379,758; 4,383,095 and 4,876,320.
The production of polymeric substances in gas phase stirred reactors is also well known in the art as exemplified by the process and equipment descriptions appearing in United States Patent No. 3,256,263.
For many years it was erroneously believed that to allow liquid of any kind to enter into the polymerization region of a gas phase reactor would inevitably lead to agglomeration of resin particles, formation of large polymer chunks and ultimately complete reactor shut-down. This concern caused gas phase polymer producers to carefully avoid cooling the recycle gas stream entering the reactor to a temperature below the condensation temperature of any of the monomers employed in the polymerization reaction.
Comonomers such as hexene-1,4-methyl pentene and octene- 1, are particularly valuable for producing ethylene copolymers-polymers. These higher alpha olefins have relatively high condensation temperatures. Due to the apprehension that liquid monomers in the polymerization zone would lead to agglomeration, chllnking and ultimately shut down the reactor, production rates which depend upon the rate at which heat is removed from the polymerization zone, were severely constrained by the perceived need to maintain the tempe. dlul e of the cycle gas stream entering the reactor at temperature safely above the cor~ nc~tion tçm~~ e of the highest boiling monomer present in the cycle gas 8~ ea~
Even in the case of polymerization reactions cor~ rt&~ in stirred reactors, care was exercised to m~int~in the resin bed t~ alule above the con~l~ns~t;on te~ e~atule ofthe recycle gas stre~m components.
To m~imi7e heat removal it was not unusual to spray or inject liquid into or onto the polymer bed where it would imme~i~tely flash into a gaseous state by exposure to the hotter recycle gas stream. A
limited amount of additional cooling was achieved by this te<~hnique by the Joules-Thompson effect but without ever cooling the recycle gas stream to a level where condensation might occur. This approach typically involved the labonous and energy wasting approach of separately cooling a portion of the cycle gas s~re~ to obtain liquid monomer for storage and subsequent separate introduction into or onto the polymerization bed. ~y~mples of this procedure are found in United States Patent Nos. 3,254,070; 3,300,467; 3,662,527 and 4,012,573.
It was discovered later, CO~t~ to the long held belief that the presence of liquid in the cycle gas stream would lead to agglomeration and reactor shut-down, that it is indeed possible to cool the entire cycle gas stream to a tempel atu, e where conde~c~tio~ of significant amounts of monomer would occur without the expected dire results when these liquid were introduced into the reactor in t~..pe. atule equilibrium with the recycle gas stream. Cooling the entire cycle gas stream produces a two-phase gas-liquid mi~t~lre in tem~e~ture equilibrium with each other so that the liquid contained in the gas stream does not imme~ tely flash into vapor. Instead a subs~nt;~lly greater amount of cooling takes place because the total mass of both gas and liquid enters the polymerization zone at a subst~nti~lly lower temperature than previously thought possible. This process led to substantial iml ~ o\/elllents in the yield of polymers produced in the gas D-17226 ~ 3 phase, especially where comonomers which condense at relatively low temperatures are used. This procedure, commonly referred to as "condensing mode" operation, is described in detail in United States Patent Nos. 4,543,399 and 4,588,790. In condensing mode operation the two-phase gas-liquid mixture entering the polymerization zone is heated quite rapidly and is completely vaporized within very short distance alter entry into the polymerization zone. Even in the largest commercial reactors, all liquid has been vaporized and the temperature of the then totally gaseous cycle gas stream raised substantially by the exothermic nature of the polymerization reaction soon after entry into the polymerization zone. The ability to operate a gas phase reactor in condensing mode was believed possible due to the rapid heating of the two-phase gas liquid stream entering the reactor coupled with efficient constant back mi~ing of the fluidized bed leaving no liquid present in the polymer bed more than a short distance above the entry level of the two-phase gas-liquid recycle stream.
We have now found that liquid monomer may be present throughout the entire polymer bed provided that the liquid monomer present in the bed is adsorbed on or absorbed in solid particulate matter present in the bed, such as the polymer being produced or fluidization aids present in the bed, so long as there is no substantial amount of free liquid monomer present more than a short distance above the point of entry into the polymerization zone, as in the case of condensing mode operation. This discovery makes it possible to produce polymers in a gas phase reactor with the use of monomers having condensation temperatures much higher than the temperatures at which conventional polyolefins are produced in gas phase reactors.
This invention makes possible the gas phase production of classes of polymers which previously were thought not capable of production in a continuous gas phase process.
n~TAlT l; n n~C~l'ION OF '1~ ~VF~I'T(lN ~~
VVhile not limited to any particular type or kind of polymerization reAc~n, this i.lvt~ ion is particularly well suited to olefin polymerization re~c~;on~ involving homopolymeri7~tion and copolymeri7.~tion of relatively bigh boiling mnnnmerE;.
~ .Y~mrles of higher hoiling m~nr~mers cPp~hle of undergoing olefinic polymeri7.~t;or- re~;on~ are the following:
A. higher molecular weight alpha olefins such as ~lec~ne-l, dodecene-1 etc. and styrene.
B. dienes such as hexadiene, vinyl cyclohp~ne~
dicyclopentadiene, butadiene, isobutylene, isoprene, ethylidene norbornene and the like.
C. polar vinyl mn~omers such as acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, acrylate esters, methacrylate esters, vinyl trialkyl ~ nes and the like.
These higher boiling monomers r~n be homopolymerized in accordance with this invention with the use of an inert gas as the gaseous component of the two phase gas-liquid ~ . e cycled through the reactor. Suitable inert materials for this purpose include l~ u~
and saturated hydrocarbons which remain gaseous at a temre. a~ e below the temperature selected to be m~int~inetl in the polymerization zone.
The higher boiling monomers can also be copolymerized with one or more lower boiling m~-nomers such as ethylene, propylene and butene, as well as other higher boiling mo~omers such as those mentioned above, the only rec~ e"~ent being that there be a sufficient difference in the con~nc~tion telllye~at~es ofthe higher boiling monomer and at least one lower boiling monomer or inert substance as will allow enough gas to be present in the cycle gas sll e~ to permit practical, steady state, continuous operation.
21~5236 -In accordance with our ~ven~ion the higher hoiling mon~m~rs can be directly intro-lnce~ into the polymeris~ti~n zone or ca~ied into -the polymerization zone as with the recycle ga6 sLIea~.
The practice of this in~,el,tion is not limite~ to any particular clas6 or kind of catalyst. Any catalyst useful in the conduct of gas phase polymeri7~io~ reactions is 6uitable for use in the practice of this invention.
The convent;o~l Ziegler-Natta cataly6t6, by which i6 meant those formed by re~c~ing a metal alkyl or hydride with a transition metal salt, are preferred in the practice of this in~e-.t,;on Those formed by re~cting an alu~llu~ alkyl with salt6 of metals of groups I
to III of the periodic table are particularly useful.
Illustrative of the catalysts useful in the practice of this invention are the following:
A. Titaniu_ based catalysts such as those described in U.S.
Patents Nos. 4,376,062; 4,379,758.
B. Ch~ m based catalysts such as those described in U.S. Patents Nos.3,709,853; 3,709,954 and 4,077,904.
C. Vanadiu_ based catalyst6 6uch as vanadium oxychloride, vanadillm acetyl acetonate.
D. Metallocene catalyst6 such as those described in U.S.
Patents Nos. 4,530,914; 4,665,047; 4,762,597; 5,218,071, 5,272,236 and 5,278,272.
E. Cationic forms of metal h~licle6~ 6uch as al!-.l)l...-.
trih~ les.
- A fluidized bed reaction sy6tem which is particularly suited to production of polymeric materials in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in the drawing. With reference thereto, the reactor 10 consists of a reaction zone 12 and a velocity reduction zone 14.
In general, the height to di~meter ratio of the re~ction zone can vary in the range of about 2.7:1 to about 4.6:1. The range, of course, can vary to larger or sm~ller ratios and depends upon the desired production capacity. The cross-sec~;n~ area of the velocity reductl~on zone 14 is typically within the range of about 2.6 to about 2.8 multiplied by the cross-section~l area of the reac~on zone 12.
The re~ n zone 12 includes a bed of ~ WiL~g polymer - -particles, fonned polymer particles and a minor amount of catalyst particles fl~ i7e~1 by the collt~uous flow of polymerizable and modifying gaseous cc~ o~-ents in the fo~m of m ke-up feed and recycle fluid through the react;on zone. To m~int~in a viable fluidized bed, the superficial gas velocity through the bed must eyr~ee~i the .. ;.-;.. flow required for fluidization, and preferably is at least 0.1 fl;/sec above minimllm flow. Ordinarily, the superficial gas velocity does,not exceed 5.0 f~lsec and usually no more than 2.5 f~sec is sufficient.
It is essential that the bed always colltaill particles to ~l~vellt the fonnation of localized "hot spots" and to entrap and distribute catalyst throughout the reaction zone. On start up, the reactor is usually charged with a base of particulate polymer particles before gas flow is initiated. Such particles may be identical in nature to the polymer to be fonned or they may be different. When different, they are withdrawn with the desired formed polymer particles as the first product. Eventually, a fluidized bed of desired polymer particles supplants the start-up bed.
A partially or totally activated precursor compoeition and/or catalyst used in the fluidized bed is l,lefelably stored for service in a reservoir 16 under a bl~nket of a gas which is inert to tbe stored material, such as nitrogen or argon.
Fluidization is achieved by a high rate of fluid ,ec~elc to and through the bed, typically in the order to about 50 times the rate of feed of make-up fluid. The fl~ i7e~ bed has the general appearance of a dense mass of individually moving particles as created by the percolation of gas through the bed. The pressure drop through the bed is equal to or slightly greater than the weight of the bed divided by the cross-sectional area. It is thus dependent on the geometry of the reactor.
21552~6 Make-up fluid is fed to the bed at point 18. The composition of the make-up stre~m i8 determined by a gas analyzer 21. The gas analyzer determines the c~ o~;l ;on of the recycle ~ and the composition of the make-up ~l~eh.ll is adjusted accordillgly to m~;..t~
an e6sçnt~ y steady state ga6eous compo6ition within the re~;on zone.
The gas analyzer is a ~v~ ;onS~l gas analyzer which operates in a conventionAl mAnner to determine the recycle 6tream comrosition to facilitate m~;nt~ining the ratios of feed stream ~ ents. Such eqllirment is commerically av~ hle from a wide variety of 60urces.
The gas analyzer 21 is typically positioned to receive gas from a sAmpling point located between the velocity reduction zone 14 and heat eYçhAnger 24.
The higher boiling monomers can be introduced into the polymerization zone in various ways including direct injection through a nozzle (not shown in the drawing) into the bed or by 6l.. ayhlg onto the top of the bed through a nozzle (not shown) positioned above the bed, which may aid in eliminAting some c&l~ovel- of fines by the cycle gas stream. If the rate of con~ ,lion is relatively small, heavier momomer6 can be introduced into the polymerization zone simply by suspension in the cycle gas stream entering the bottom of the reactor.
To ensure complete flUi~i7Ation~ the recycle sl e~ and, where desired, part of the make-up stream are returned through recycle line 22 to the reactor at point 26 below the bed. There is l,lefe.ably a gas distributor plate 28 above the point of return to aid in fl~ ii7.ing the bed. In pAcsing t~rough the bed, the recycle stream absorbs the heat of reaction generated by the polymerization reaction.
A portion of the fluidizing stream which has not reacted in the bed is removed from the polymeri7Ation zone, preferably by pAs.sing it into velocity reduction zone 14 above the bed where entrained particles can drop back into the bed.
The recycle stream is collll.lessed in a compressor 30 and then p~sse~ through a heat eYchAnge zone where heat is removed before it is returned to the bed. The heat eYrhAnge zone is typically a heat ~~
eYth~nger 24 which can be of the hori~ont~l or vertical type. If desired, several heat eyrh~n~ers can be employed to lower the tempe~ e of the cycle gas stream in stages. It is also poss;ble to locate the coml,,e6sor down~Laam from the heat eyrh~nger or at an interme-liAte point between several heat çychA~ers. After cooling~ the recycle stream is returned to the reactor at its base 26 and to the fl~ e~ bed through gas distributor plate 28. A gas deflector 32 is lJ,ef~.ably installed at the inlet to the reactor to ~ ~veut cont~qine~
polymer particles from sett1ing out and agglomerating into a solid mass and to ~l~vel~t liquid accl-m~ t;Qn at the bottom ofthe reactor as well to facilitate easy transitions between processes which cont~in liquid in the cycle gas stream and those which do not and vice versa.
Illustrative of gas ~eflectors suitable for this purpose is the apparatus described in U.S. Patent No. 4,933,149.
The selected temperature of the bed is maintained at an essentially constant temperature under steady state conditions by constantly removing the heat of reaction. No noticeable temperature gradient appears to exist within the upper portion of the bed. A
temperature gradient will exist in the bottom of the bed in a layer of about 6 to 12 jnrhPs, between the tempeldlule of the inlet fluid and the temperature of the rem~in~ler of the bed.
Good gas distribution plays an important role in the ~.~e.alion of the reactor. The fluidized bed cont~in~ Kl~ wing and formed particulate polymer particles, as well 8S catalyst particles. As the polymer particles are hot and possibly active, they must be ~l~ve~ted from settling, for if a quiescent mass is allowed to exist, any active catalyst contained therein may continue to react and cause fusion. Diffusing recycle fluid through the bed at a rate sufficient to maintain fluidization throughout the bed is, thelefo~e, i~Gl laut.
Gas distribution plate 28 is a preferred means for achieving good gas distribution and may be a ficreen, slotted plate, perforated plate, a plate of the bubble-cap type and the like. The elçments of the plate ' . ' 21 S523~
may all be stationary, or the plate may be of the mobile type disclosed in U.S. 3,298,792. Whatever its ~l~Eign, it must diffuse the recycle fluid through the particles at the base of the bed to keep the bed in a fl~ i7et1 condition, and al60 serve to ~uy~u~ l a quiescent bed of resin particles when the reactor is not in operation.
The preferred type of gas distributor plate 28 is metal and has holes distributed across its 6urface. The holes are norm~lly of a diameter of about V2 inch. The holes e~t~?nd through the plate. Over each hole there is positioned a triangular angle iron i-lent;fied as 36 which is mounted on plate 28. The angle irons 6erve to distribute the flow of fluid along the surface of the plate so as to avoid 6t~gn~nt zones of solids. In addition they ~levellt the polymer from flowing through the holes when the bed is settled.
Any fluid inert to the catalyst and reactants rqn also be present in the recycle stream. An activator col,lyound, if utilized, is yl efel ably added to the reaction system downstream from heat eYl~hqnger 24, in which case the activator may be fed into the recycle system from dispenser 38 through line 40.
In the practice of this i~lvelltion uye-aling te...l.~- atl,les can extend over a range of from about -100~C to about 150~C with temperatures r~qn~ing from about 40~C to about 120~C being l lefel.ed.
The fluid-bed reactor can be operated at pressures up to~about 1000 psi and ~, efelably at a pressure of from about 100 psi to about 350 psi, for polyolefin resin production. Operation at higher pressures favors heat transfer as an increase in IJ 2ssu~e incresses the unit volume heat capacity of the gas.
The partially or totally activated plecu~SO~ co~ Jo~ilion and/or catalyst (hereinafter collectively ~efe.. ed to as catalyst) is injected into the bed at a rate equal to its consumption at a point 42 which is above distributor plate 28. E~ efefably, the catalyst is injected at a point in the bed where good mi~in~ of polymer particles occurs. Injecting the catalyst at a point above the distribution plate is an important feature for satisf~tory operation of a fluidized bed polymerization reactor.
215~236 ::
Injection of the catalyst into the area below the distnbutor plate could cause polymerization to begin there and evçnt~ y cause plu~in~ of the distributor plate. ~jec~;on d;l.:cLly into the fl~ liz~ bed aids in distributing the catalyst ullifol~ly throughout the bed and tends to avoid the forTn~t;on of locpli7erl spot6 of high cataly6t conc~ ation which can cause "hot 6pots" to form. Injection of the catalyst into the reactor above the bed can result in PYGeSRive catalyst Call~UVel into the recycle line where polymeri7At;on can occur lç~ling to plllg~ing of the line and heat çyrh~nger may l:ve~ lly occur.
The catalyst can be injected into the reactor by various techniques. It is preferred, however, to c~-linuously feed the cataly6t into the reactor utili7ing a catalyst feeder as disclosed; e.g., in U.S.
patent 3,779,712. The catalyst is preferably fed into the reactor at a point 20 to 40 percent of the reactor ~ met~r away from the reactor wall and at a height of about 5 to about 30 percent of the height of the bed.
A ga6 which is inert to the catalyst, 6uch as nitrogen or argon, is preferably used to carry the cataly6t into the bed.
The rate of polymer pro~lllction in the bed depends on the rate of catalyst injection and the conrçntration of monomçr(s) in the r~- ycle stream. The pro~ ct;on rate is ~ll~/el~iently controlled by simp, ~ -adjusting the rate of catalyst injection.
Since any change in the rate of cataly6t injection will change the reaction rate and thus the rate at which heat is generated in the bed.
The t~mperature of the recycle ~Lea~ entering the reactor is adjusted upwards and dowll-w~ds to ~c~mmn~l~te any change in the rate of heat generation. This ensure6 the m~inten~nce of an essenti~lly constant temperature in the bed. Complete instrumentation of both the fluidized bed and the recycle stre~m coolir~ sy6tem is, of course, useful to detect any te~l at.ue change in the bed so as to enable either the operator or a collvelltional automatic control system to make a suitable adjusttnçnt in the temperature of the recycle stream.
, Under a given set of ~elaLillg contlit;ons) the fl~ e~ bed i8 maintained at esser t;o11y a cQnctont height by withLc.w~g a portion of the bed as product at the rate of formo-~;nn of the particulate polymer product. Since the rate of heat generation i8 directly related to the rate of product formation, a measurement of the te~ e rise of the fluid across the reactor (the ~ elcllce I~L., ~cn inlet fluid te...l~e,s~uLe and exit fluid temre~ e) is in~1ic-t;ve of the rate of particular polymer form,o.~ion at a constant fluid velocity if no vaporizable liquid is present in the inlet fluid.
On ~lisrh~rge of particulate polymer product from reactor 10, it is desirable and ylefelsble to separate fluid from the product and to return the fluid to the recycle line 22. lhere are numerous ways known to the art to ~ccompli.ch this. One l,iefelled system is shown in the drawings. Thus, fluid and product leave reactor 10 at point 44 and enter product ~iic,ch~rge tank 46 through valve 48, which may be a ball valve which is designed to have mi--;-------~ restriction to flow when opened. Po'sitioned above and below product ~icrh~rge tank 46 are conventional valves 50,62 with the latter being adapted to provide p~Csiqge of product into product surge tank 54. Product surge tank 54 has venting means illustrated by line 56 and gas entry means illustrated by line 68. Also positioned at the base of product surge tank 64, is a ~li,c( h~rge valve 60 which when in the open position tii~c,ch~rges product for ~llve~illg to storage. Valve 50 when in the open posi~io~
releases fluid to surge tank 62. Fluid from surge tank 62 is-directed through a filter absorber 64 and thence through a co ~l lessor 66 and into recycle line 22 through line 68.
In a typical mode of operation, valve 48 is open and valves 50, 52 are in a closed position. Product and fluid enter product discharge tank 46. Valve 48 closes and the product is allowed to settle in product discharge tank 46. Valve 50 is then opened ~el~tlillg fluid to flow from product tiisch~rge tank 46 to surge tank 62 from which it is continually compressed back into recycle line 22. Valve 50 is then closed and valve 62 is opened and any product in product llic~h~rge D-17226 ~ 7 tank 46 flows into product surge tank 54. Valve 52 is then closed. The product is purged with inert gas, preferably nitrogen, which enters product surge tank 54 through line 58 and is vented through line 56.
Product is then discharged from product surge tank 54 through valve 60 and conveyed through line 20 to storage.
The particular timing sequence of the valves is accomplished by the use of conventional progr~mm~qhle controllers which are well known in the art. Moreover, the valves can be kept substantially free of agglomerated particles by directing a stream of gas periodically through the valves and back to the reactor.
Another preferred product discharge system employs at least one (parallel) pair of tanks comprising a settling tank and a transfer tank arranged in series and having the separated gas phase returned from the top of the settling tank to a point in the reactor near the top of the fluidized bed. Such alternative preferred product discharge system obviates the need for a recompression line 64, 66, 68, as shown in the system of the drawing.
The fluidized-bed reactor is equipped with an adequate venting system (not shown) to allow venting the bed during start up and shut down. The reactor does not require the use of stirring and/or wall scraping. The recycle line 22 and the elements therein (compressor 30, heat exch~nger 24) should be smooth surfaced and devoid of unnecessary obstructions so as not to impede the flow of recycle fluid or entrained particles.
Illustrative of the polymers which can be produced in accordance with the invention are the following:
Polyisoprene (cis-1, 4 - Polyisoprene) Polystyrene Polybutadiene SBR (polymer of butadiene copolymerized with sytrene) ABS (polymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene) Nitrile (polymer of butadiene copolymerized with acrylonitrile) Butyl (polymer of isobutylene copolymerized with isoprene) EPR (polymer of ethylene copolymerized with propylene) EPDM (polymer of ethylene copolymerized with propylene and a diene such as h~Y~Iiiene~
dicyclopentadiene, or ethylidene norbornene) Neoprene (polychlo,~op elle) Silicone (polydimethyl siloxane) Copolymer of ethylene and vinyltrimethoxy silane Copolymer of ethylene and one or more of acryonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl Aoet~te, acrylic and methacrylic acid esters and the like When it is desired to produce polymers or copolymers using one or more nlonomers which are all relatively high boilin~ and which are liquids under the temre, atu~e and pressure conditions which are preferred for gas phase fl~ i7ed bed production in accordance with the invention, it is necess~ry to employ an inert subst~rce which will remain gaseous under the conditions selected for polymerization in the fluidized bed. Suitable for this purpose are inert gases such as nitrogen, argon, neon, krypton and the like. Also usefill are saturated hydroc~l,ons such as et~ ~qne~ y2~le, butane and the like a6 well as halogen sub6tituted alkanes such as freon. Other materials which remain gaseous under the desired conditions, such as carbon dioxide, ~ D-17226 2155~3~
provided they are essentially inert and do not affect catalyst perform~nce, ~qn also be employed.
Nitrogen, ber~lse of its physical l,ropel ~ies and relatively low cost is a preferred medium for the mq-mlf~ct~lre of polymers from higher boiling mono~ers such as styrene, vinyl acetic acid, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, methylmet~ crylate and the like.
Alkanes such as ethane and ~-o~ e which remain gaseous at relatively low tempe,a~ules are also ~.~e~l~ed.
Co~ve~.l;o~ql techniques for the ~.e-vt,l~Lon offouling of the reactor and polymer agglomeration can be used in the prsctice of our invention. Illu~lla~ive ofthese techniques are the introduction of finely divided particulate m~ttPr to ~ Vellt agglomeration, as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,994,534 and 5,200,477; addition of negative charge generating ~~hpmir~ls to balance positive voltages or by addition of positive charge generating chemicals to neutralize negative voltage poter~ti~l~ as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,803,251. Antistat substances may also be added, either contimlously or intermittently to prevent or neutralize static charge generation.
The following eY~mples are provided to illustrate our invention.
T~le 1 -In an eY~mple of the process of the invention a fl~ i7etl bed reaction fiystem as described above, was operated as described below to produce ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer. The polymer was produced under the following re~ction conditions: 40~C reactor tempe~ature and 290 psia reactor pressure. The partial pressurefi (dew points) of the mor nmers and comonomers inside the reactor were 90 psia for ethylene and 198 psia for propylene. The partial pressure of hydrogen was 2.0 psia. The monomer ethylidene-norbornene (ENB) was injected into the polymeriza~on zone of the reactor at the rate of 0.53 lb/h. The volume of the reactor was 65 ft3; the resin's weight inside the reactor was 112 lbs. The catalyst system employed in this ~y~mple was vanadium acetyl acetonate with diethylalllmin~lm _ D-17226 2155236 chloride as coc~tPlyst and ethyl tri~hloro~cetpte as the promoter . The production rate was 20 lb/h. The product had a Mooney value of 55.
75 ~er~ t ofthe injected ENB was incol~oldted into polymers by polymeri7~tion The unreacted re--~inrler of ENB, dissolved into polymers and was equal to 0.66 percent of the polymer's weight. With 112 lbs. of resins inside the reactor, the total unreacted ENB was 0.74 lbs. If the unreacted ENB were completely ~v~ol~ted inside the reactor, its partial pressure would be 0.6764 psia.
At 40~C the saturation pressure is 2187.7 psia for ethylene, 337.1 psia for propylene and 0.262 psia for ENB. Since the partial pressures of ethylene and propylene inside the reactor were much less than their saturation pressures, there was no con~l~nsed ethylene or propylene. The calculated partial pressure of unreacted ENB inside the reactor, howevel, is much higher than its saturation pressure. Theleîore, the ENB must have remained in a liquid state and been absorbed by the polymers.
F~Y~ e ~
Ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer was made in a fl~ i7.e-1 bed reaction system as described above under the following reaction conditions: -40~C reactor tempela~ule and 363.4 psia. reactor pressure. The partial pressures of tbe monomprs and coTnnnnmers inside the reactor were 90 psia.
for ethylene and 198.2 psia. for propylene. The partial pressure of hydrogen was 2.2 psia., and tbe partial pressure of ~Lot t:l- was 72.6. The monoIner ethyli~lPnq~orbornene (ENB) was injected into the polymerization zone of the reactor at the rate of 0.53 lb/h. The volume of the reactor was 55 ft3; the resin's weight inside the reactor was 112 lbs. The catalyst system employed in this ~ mrle was vanadium acetyl acetonate with diethylalumi~
chloride as coc~t~lyst and ethyl trichloroacetate as the promoter. The production rate was 20 lblh. The product had a Mooney value of 55.
D-17226 21 5 5 2 3 ~
.~
75 percent of the in~ected ENB was incoll o.ated into polyme-rs by polymerization. The unreacted ~e.l.A; ~ .~er of ENB, dissolved into polymers and was equal to 0.66 percent of the polymer's weight. With 112 lbs. of resins inside the reactor, the total unreacted ENB was 0.74 lbs. If the unreacted ENB comrletely evaporated inside the reactor, its partial pressure would be 0.6764 psia.
At 40~C the sa~u~a~ion pressure is 2187.7 psia. for ethylene, 337.1 psia. for propylene and 0.262 psia, for ENB. Sinoe the partial pressures of ethylene and propylene inside the reactor were much less than their saturation pressures, there was no contl~n~e~l ethylene or propylene. The calculated par~al pressure of unreacted ENB inside the reactor, however, is much higher than its saturation pressure. Th0refole, the ENB must have remained in a liquid state and been absorbed by the polymers.
~Y~les 3-6 The following eY~mples set forth in tabular form, operating conditions for producing a variety of different polymers in accordance with the invention. They illustrate the practice of the invention using different catalyst systems and differing cycle gas compositions.
,._ EXAMPLE NO. POLYBUTADIENE SB4R ABS POLYSlYRENE
Reaction Cn~ nc Te ~ re (~C) 40 40 40 40 Pressure (psi) 100 110 200 100 S_. ri~l Velocity 1.75 2.0 1.5 1.5 P~lu.,lioll Rate30 25 20 40 (Ib/h) Total Reactor Volume (ft3) 55 55 55 5S
Reaction ZoneVolume 7 5 7.5 7.5 Bed Hei~ht (ft) 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Bed Diameter (h)1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 Bed Wei~ht (Ibs) 112 112 112 112 Cycle Gas Composition:
N2 20 27.3 58.0 99.7 Butadiene 80 72 2 39 9 Acrylonitrile - - 1.95 Catalyst: Co(acac)3* Co(acac)3* Co(acac)3* Cp2ZrMe2 Co-catalyst: Triethylql.. nir.lm Triethy~?ll ~Triethy'-' MAO***
Heavy Monomer Feed Rate (Ib/h) Eu~ -e 46.2 9.62 2.46 St~rrene - 20.83 15.33 44.4 Acrylonitrile - 7.08 Polymer C. . ~ ~
But~ ne 100 25 8 Styrene 75 69 100 Acrylonitrile - 23 * Cobalttriacetylacele- --** Dicycl.J~ ~ ku. limr~y *** Methyl ~I~mc~
This invention relates to a new gas phase process capable of effecting polymerization re~ctiQnc using liquid monr~mers in an otherwise gas-phase process.
R~CKGROUNT~ OF 1~1; ~V~TIl~N
The discovery of gas-phase fl~ i7Pd bed and stirred reactor processes for the production of polymers, especially polyolefin polymers, made it possible to produce a wide variety of new polymers with highly desirable and improved properties. These gas-phase processes, especially the gas fluidized bed process for producing fiuch polymers provided a means for producing polymers with a drastic reduction in capital investment expense and dr~m~tic savings in energy usage as compared to other then conventional polymerization processes.
In a conventional gas flllitli7erl bed process a gaseous stream cont~ining one or more mQ~omers is p~Cseti into a fluidized bed reactor cont~ining a bed of growing polymer particles in a polymerization zone, while continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into the polymerization zone. The desired polymer product is withdrawn from the polymerization zone, degassed, shhili7e~ and ps3rks~ged for shipmen~ all by well known techniques. Because the polymerization reaction is exothermic, sub6tantial heat i6 generated in the polymerization zone which must be removed to ~,e~,ent the polymer particles from overhe~ting and fusing together. This is accomplished by continuously removing unreacted hot gases from the polymerization zone and repl~cing them with cooler gases. The hot gases removed from the polymerization zone are CGlll~l assed, cooled in a heat e~ch~nger, supplementerl by additional amounts of monomer to replace monomer polymerized and removed from the reaction zone and then recycled into the bottom of the reactor. Cooling of the recycled D-17226 ,~ 7 ~ ~ ~ 3 ~
gases is accomplished in one or more heat exchanger stages. The sequence of compression and cooling is a matter of design choice but it is usually preferable to provide for compression of the hot gases prior to cooling. The rate of gas flow into and through the reactor is maintained at a level such that the bed of polymer particles is maintained in a fLuidized condition. The production of polymer in a stirred bed reactor is very ~imil~r, differing primarily in the use of mechanical stirring means to assist in maint~ining the polymer bed in a fluidized condition.
Conventional gas phase fluidized bed resin production is very well known in the art as shown, for example, by the disclosure appearing in United States Patents Nos. 4,379,758; 4,383,095 and 4,876,320.
The production of polymeric substances in gas phase stirred reactors is also well known in the art as exemplified by the process and equipment descriptions appearing in United States Patent No. 3,256,263.
For many years it was erroneously believed that to allow liquid of any kind to enter into the polymerization region of a gas phase reactor would inevitably lead to agglomeration of resin particles, formation of large polymer chunks and ultimately complete reactor shut-down. This concern caused gas phase polymer producers to carefully avoid cooling the recycle gas stream entering the reactor to a temperature below the condensation temperature of any of the monomers employed in the polymerization reaction.
Comonomers such as hexene-1,4-methyl pentene and octene- 1, are particularly valuable for producing ethylene copolymers-polymers. These higher alpha olefins have relatively high condensation temperatures. Due to the apprehension that liquid monomers in the polymerization zone would lead to agglomeration, chllnking and ultimately shut down the reactor, production rates which depend upon the rate at which heat is removed from the polymerization zone, were severely constrained by the perceived need to maintain the tempe. dlul e of the cycle gas stream entering the reactor at temperature safely above the cor~ nc~tion tçm~~ e of the highest boiling monomer present in the cycle gas 8~ ea~
Even in the case of polymerization reactions cor~ rt&~ in stirred reactors, care was exercised to m~int~in the resin bed t~ alule above the con~l~ns~t;on te~ e~atule ofthe recycle gas stre~m components.
To m~imi7e heat removal it was not unusual to spray or inject liquid into or onto the polymer bed where it would imme~i~tely flash into a gaseous state by exposure to the hotter recycle gas stream. A
limited amount of additional cooling was achieved by this te<~hnique by the Joules-Thompson effect but without ever cooling the recycle gas stream to a level where condensation might occur. This approach typically involved the labonous and energy wasting approach of separately cooling a portion of the cycle gas s~re~ to obtain liquid monomer for storage and subsequent separate introduction into or onto the polymerization bed. ~y~mples of this procedure are found in United States Patent Nos. 3,254,070; 3,300,467; 3,662,527 and 4,012,573.
It was discovered later, CO~t~ to the long held belief that the presence of liquid in the cycle gas stream would lead to agglomeration and reactor shut-down, that it is indeed possible to cool the entire cycle gas stream to a tempel atu, e where conde~c~tio~ of significant amounts of monomer would occur without the expected dire results when these liquid were introduced into the reactor in t~..pe. atule equilibrium with the recycle gas stream. Cooling the entire cycle gas stream produces a two-phase gas-liquid mi~t~lre in tem~e~ture equilibrium with each other so that the liquid contained in the gas stream does not imme~ tely flash into vapor. Instead a subs~nt;~lly greater amount of cooling takes place because the total mass of both gas and liquid enters the polymerization zone at a subst~nti~lly lower temperature than previously thought possible. This process led to substantial iml ~ o\/elllents in the yield of polymers produced in the gas D-17226 ~ 3 phase, especially where comonomers which condense at relatively low temperatures are used. This procedure, commonly referred to as "condensing mode" operation, is described in detail in United States Patent Nos. 4,543,399 and 4,588,790. In condensing mode operation the two-phase gas-liquid mixture entering the polymerization zone is heated quite rapidly and is completely vaporized within very short distance alter entry into the polymerization zone. Even in the largest commercial reactors, all liquid has been vaporized and the temperature of the then totally gaseous cycle gas stream raised substantially by the exothermic nature of the polymerization reaction soon after entry into the polymerization zone. The ability to operate a gas phase reactor in condensing mode was believed possible due to the rapid heating of the two-phase gas liquid stream entering the reactor coupled with efficient constant back mi~ing of the fluidized bed leaving no liquid present in the polymer bed more than a short distance above the entry level of the two-phase gas-liquid recycle stream.
We have now found that liquid monomer may be present throughout the entire polymer bed provided that the liquid monomer present in the bed is adsorbed on or absorbed in solid particulate matter present in the bed, such as the polymer being produced or fluidization aids present in the bed, so long as there is no substantial amount of free liquid monomer present more than a short distance above the point of entry into the polymerization zone, as in the case of condensing mode operation. This discovery makes it possible to produce polymers in a gas phase reactor with the use of monomers having condensation temperatures much higher than the temperatures at which conventional polyolefins are produced in gas phase reactors.
This invention makes possible the gas phase production of classes of polymers which previously were thought not capable of production in a continuous gas phase process.
n~TAlT l; n n~C~l'ION OF '1~ ~VF~I'T(lN ~~
VVhile not limited to any particular type or kind of polymerization reAc~n, this i.lvt~ ion is particularly well suited to olefin polymerization re~c~;on~ involving homopolymeri7~tion and copolymeri7.~tion of relatively bigh boiling mnnnmerE;.
~ .Y~mrles of higher hoiling m~nr~mers cPp~hle of undergoing olefinic polymeri7.~t;or- re~;on~ are the following:
A. higher molecular weight alpha olefins such as ~lec~ne-l, dodecene-1 etc. and styrene.
B. dienes such as hexadiene, vinyl cyclohp~ne~
dicyclopentadiene, butadiene, isobutylene, isoprene, ethylidene norbornene and the like.
C. polar vinyl mn~omers such as acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, acrylate esters, methacrylate esters, vinyl trialkyl ~ nes and the like.
These higher boiling monomers r~n be homopolymerized in accordance with this invention with the use of an inert gas as the gaseous component of the two phase gas-liquid ~ . e cycled through the reactor. Suitable inert materials for this purpose include l~ u~
and saturated hydrocarbons which remain gaseous at a temre. a~ e below the temperature selected to be m~int~inetl in the polymerization zone.
The higher boiling monomers can also be copolymerized with one or more lower boiling m~-nomers such as ethylene, propylene and butene, as well as other higher boiling mo~omers such as those mentioned above, the only rec~ e"~ent being that there be a sufficient difference in the con~nc~tion telllye~at~es ofthe higher boiling monomer and at least one lower boiling monomer or inert substance as will allow enough gas to be present in the cycle gas sll e~ to permit practical, steady state, continuous operation.
21~5236 -In accordance with our ~ven~ion the higher hoiling mon~m~rs can be directly intro-lnce~ into the polymeris~ti~n zone or ca~ied into -the polymerization zone as with the recycle ga6 sLIea~.
The practice of this in~,el,tion is not limite~ to any particular clas6 or kind of catalyst. Any catalyst useful in the conduct of gas phase polymeri7~io~ reactions is 6uitable for use in the practice of this invention.
The convent;o~l Ziegler-Natta cataly6t6, by which i6 meant those formed by re~c~ing a metal alkyl or hydride with a transition metal salt, are preferred in the practice of this in~e-.t,;on Those formed by re~cting an alu~llu~ alkyl with salt6 of metals of groups I
to III of the periodic table are particularly useful.
Illustrative of the catalysts useful in the practice of this invention are the following:
A. Titaniu_ based catalysts such as those described in U.S.
Patents Nos. 4,376,062; 4,379,758.
B. Ch~ m based catalysts such as those described in U.S. Patents Nos.3,709,853; 3,709,954 and 4,077,904.
C. Vanadiu_ based catalyst6 6uch as vanadium oxychloride, vanadillm acetyl acetonate.
D. Metallocene catalyst6 such as those described in U.S.
Patents Nos. 4,530,914; 4,665,047; 4,762,597; 5,218,071, 5,272,236 and 5,278,272.
E. Cationic forms of metal h~licle6~ 6uch as al!-.l)l...-.
trih~ les.
- A fluidized bed reaction sy6tem which is particularly suited to production of polymeric materials in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in the drawing. With reference thereto, the reactor 10 consists of a reaction zone 12 and a velocity reduction zone 14.
In general, the height to di~meter ratio of the re~ction zone can vary in the range of about 2.7:1 to about 4.6:1. The range, of course, can vary to larger or sm~ller ratios and depends upon the desired production capacity. The cross-sec~;n~ area of the velocity reductl~on zone 14 is typically within the range of about 2.6 to about 2.8 multiplied by the cross-section~l area of the reac~on zone 12.
The re~ n zone 12 includes a bed of ~ WiL~g polymer - -particles, fonned polymer particles and a minor amount of catalyst particles fl~ i7e~1 by the collt~uous flow of polymerizable and modifying gaseous cc~ o~-ents in the fo~m of m ke-up feed and recycle fluid through the react;on zone. To m~int~in a viable fluidized bed, the superficial gas velocity through the bed must eyr~ee~i the .. ;.-;.. flow required for fluidization, and preferably is at least 0.1 fl;/sec above minimllm flow. Ordinarily, the superficial gas velocity does,not exceed 5.0 f~lsec and usually no more than 2.5 f~sec is sufficient.
It is essential that the bed always colltaill particles to ~l~vellt the fonnation of localized "hot spots" and to entrap and distribute catalyst throughout the reaction zone. On start up, the reactor is usually charged with a base of particulate polymer particles before gas flow is initiated. Such particles may be identical in nature to the polymer to be fonned or they may be different. When different, they are withdrawn with the desired formed polymer particles as the first product. Eventually, a fluidized bed of desired polymer particles supplants the start-up bed.
A partially or totally activated precursor compoeition and/or catalyst used in the fluidized bed is l,lefelably stored for service in a reservoir 16 under a bl~nket of a gas which is inert to tbe stored material, such as nitrogen or argon.
Fluidization is achieved by a high rate of fluid ,ec~elc to and through the bed, typically in the order to about 50 times the rate of feed of make-up fluid. The fl~ i7e~ bed has the general appearance of a dense mass of individually moving particles as created by the percolation of gas through the bed. The pressure drop through the bed is equal to or slightly greater than the weight of the bed divided by the cross-sectional area. It is thus dependent on the geometry of the reactor.
21552~6 Make-up fluid is fed to the bed at point 18. The composition of the make-up stre~m i8 determined by a gas analyzer 21. The gas analyzer determines the c~ o~;l ;on of the recycle ~ and the composition of the make-up ~l~eh.ll is adjusted accordillgly to m~;..t~
an e6sçnt~ y steady state ga6eous compo6ition within the re~;on zone.
The gas analyzer is a ~v~ ;onS~l gas analyzer which operates in a conventionAl mAnner to determine the recycle 6tream comrosition to facilitate m~;nt~ining the ratios of feed stream ~ ents. Such eqllirment is commerically av~ hle from a wide variety of 60urces.
The gas analyzer 21 is typically positioned to receive gas from a sAmpling point located between the velocity reduction zone 14 and heat eYçhAnger 24.
The higher boiling monomers can be introduced into the polymerization zone in various ways including direct injection through a nozzle (not shown in the drawing) into the bed or by 6l.. ayhlg onto the top of the bed through a nozzle (not shown) positioned above the bed, which may aid in eliminAting some c&l~ovel- of fines by the cycle gas stream. If the rate of con~ ,lion is relatively small, heavier momomer6 can be introduced into the polymerization zone simply by suspension in the cycle gas stream entering the bottom of the reactor.
To ensure complete flUi~i7Ation~ the recycle sl e~ and, where desired, part of the make-up stream are returned through recycle line 22 to the reactor at point 26 below the bed. There is l,lefe.ably a gas distributor plate 28 above the point of return to aid in fl~ ii7.ing the bed. In pAcsing t~rough the bed, the recycle stream absorbs the heat of reaction generated by the polymerization reaction.
A portion of the fluidizing stream which has not reacted in the bed is removed from the polymeri7Ation zone, preferably by pAs.sing it into velocity reduction zone 14 above the bed where entrained particles can drop back into the bed.
The recycle stream is collll.lessed in a compressor 30 and then p~sse~ through a heat eYchAnge zone where heat is removed before it is returned to the bed. The heat eYrhAnge zone is typically a heat ~~
eYth~nger 24 which can be of the hori~ont~l or vertical type. If desired, several heat eyrh~n~ers can be employed to lower the tempe~ e of the cycle gas stream in stages. It is also poss;ble to locate the coml,,e6sor down~Laam from the heat eyrh~nger or at an interme-liAte point between several heat çychA~ers. After cooling~ the recycle stream is returned to the reactor at its base 26 and to the fl~ e~ bed through gas distributor plate 28. A gas deflector 32 is lJ,ef~.ably installed at the inlet to the reactor to ~ ~veut cont~qine~
polymer particles from sett1ing out and agglomerating into a solid mass and to ~l~vel~t liquid accl-m~ t;Qn at the bottom ofthe reactor as well to facilitate easy transitions between processes which cont~in liquid in the cycle gas stream and those which do not and vice versa.
Illustrative of gas ~eflectors suitable for this purpose is the apparatus described in U.S. Patent No. 4,933,149.
The selected temperature of the bed is maintained at an essentially constant temperature under steady state conditions by constantly removing the heat of reaction. No noticeable temperature gradient appears to exist within the upper portion of the bed. A
temperature gradient will exist in the bottom of the bed in a layer of about 6 to 12 jnrhPs, between the tempeldlule of the inlet fluid and the temperature of the rem~in~ler of the bed.
Good gas distribution plays an important role in the ~.~e.alion of the reactor. The fluidized bed cont~in~ Kl~ wing and formed particulate polymer particles, as well 8S catalyst particles. As the polymer particles are hot and possibly active, they must be ~l~ve~ted from settling, for if a quiescent mass is allowed to exist, any active catalyst contained therein may continue to react and cause fusion. Diffusing recycle fluid through the bed at a rate sufficient to maintain fluidization throughout the bed is, thelefo~e, i~Gl laut.
Gas distribution plate 28 is a preferred means for achieving good gas distribution and may be a ficreen, slotted plate, perforated plate, a plate of the bubble-cap type and the like. The elçments of the plate ' . ' 21 S523~
may all be stationary, or the plate may be of the mobile type disclosed in U.S. 3,298,792. Whatever its ~l~Eign, it must diffuse the recycle fluid through the particles at the base of the bed to keep the bed in a fl~ i7et1 condition, and al60 serve to ~uy~u~ l a quiescent bed of resin particles when the reactor is not in operation.
The preferred type of gas distributor plate 28 is metal and has holes distributed across its 6urface. The holes are norm~lly of a diameter of about V2 inch. The holes e~t~?nd through the plate. Over each hole there is positioned a triangular angle iron i-lent;fied as 36 which is mounted on plate 28. The angle irons 6erve to distribute the flow of fluid along the surface of the plate so as to avoid 6t~gn~nt zones of solids. In addition they ~levellt the polymer from flowing through the holes when the bed is settled.
Any fluid inert to the catalyst and reactants rqn also be present in the recycle stream. An activator col,lyound, if utilized, is yl efel ably added to the reaction system downstream from heat eYl~hqnger 24, in which case the activator may be fed into the recycle system from dispenser 38 through line 40.
In the practice of this i~lvelltion uye-aling te...l.~- atl,les can extend over a range of from about -100~C to about 150~C with temperatures r~qn~ing from about 40~C to about 120~C being l lefel.ed.
The fluid-bed reactor can be operated at pressures up to~about 1000 psi and ~, efelably at a pressure of from about 100 psi to about 350 psi, for polyolefin resin production. Operation at higher pressures favors heat transfer as an increase in IJ 2ssu~e incresses the unit volume heat capacity of the gas.
The partially or totally activated plecu~SO~ co~ Jo~ilion and/or catalyst (hereinafter collectively ~efe.. ed to as catalyst) is injected into the bed at a rate equal to its consumption at a point 42 which is above distributor plate 28. E~ efefably, the catalyst is injected at a point in the bed where good mi~in~ of polymer particles occurs. Injecting the catalyst at a point above the distribution plate is an important feature for satisf~tory operation of a fluidized bed polymerization reactor.
215~236 ::
Injection of the catalyst into the area below the distnbutor plate could cause polymerization to begin there and evçnt~ y cause plu~in~ of the distributor plate. ~jec~;on d;l.:cLly into the fl~ liz~ bed aids in distributing the catalyst ullifol~ly throughout the bed and tends to avoid the forTn~t;on of locpli7erl spot6 of high cataly6t conc~ ation which can cause "hot 6pots" to form. Injection of the catalyst into the reactor above the bed can result in PYGeSRive catalyst Call~UVel into the recycle line where polymeri7At;on can occur lç~ling to plllg~ing of the line and heat çyrh~nger may l:ve~ lly occur.
The catalyst can be injected into the reactor by various techniques. It is preferred, however, to c~-linuously feed the cataly6t into the reactor utili7ing a catalyst feeder as disclosed; e.g., in U.S.
patent 3,779,712. The catalyst is preferably fed into the reactor at a point 20 to 40 percent of the reactor ~ met~r away from the reactor wall and at a height of about 5 to about 30 percent of the height of the bed.
A ga6 which is inert to the catalyst, 6uch as nitrogen or argon, is preferably used to carry the cataly6t into the bed.
The rate of polymer pro~lllction in the bed depends on the rate of catalyst injection and the conrçntration of monomçr(s) in the r~- ycle stream. The pro~ ct;on rate is ~ll~/el~iently controlled by simp, ~ -adjusting the rate of catalyst injection.
Since any change in the rate of cataly6t injection will change the reaction rate and thus the rate at which heat is generated in the bed.
The t~mperature of the recycle ~Lea~ entering the reactor is adjusted upwards and dowll-w~ds to ~c~mmn~l~te any change in the rate of heat generation. This ensure6 the m~inten~nce of an essenti~lly constant temperature in the bed. Complete instrumentation of both the fluidized bed and the recycle stre~m coolir~ sy6tem is, of course, useful to detect any te~l at.ue change in the bed so as to enable either the operator or a collvelltional automatic control system to make a suitable adjusttnçnt in the temperature of the recycle stream.
, Under a given set of ~elaLillg contlit;ons) the fl~ e~ bed i8 maintained at esser t;o11y a cQnctont height by withLc.w~g a portion of the bed as product at the rate of formo-~;nn of the particulate polymer product. Since the rate of heat generation i8 directly related to the rate of product formation, a measurement of the te~ e rise of the fluid across the reactor (the ~ elcllce I~L., ~cn inlet fluid te...l~e,s~uLe and exit fluid temre~ e) is in~1ic-t;ve of the rate of particular polymer form,o.~ion at a constant fluid velocity if no vaporizable liquid is present in the inlet fluid.
On ~lisrh~rge of particulate polymer product from reactor 10, it is desirable and ylefelsble to separate fluid from the product and to return the fluid to the recycle line 22. lhere are numerous ways known to the art to ~ccompli.ch this. One l,iefelled system is shown in the drawings. Thus, fluid and product leave reactor 10 at point 44 and enter product ~iic,ch~rge tank 46 through valve 48, which may be a ball valve which is designed to have mi--;-------~ restriction to flow when opened. Po'sitioned above and below product ~icrh~rge tank 46 are conventional valves 50,62 with the latter being adapted to provide p~Csiqge of product into product surge tank 54. Product surge tank 54 has venting means illustrated by line 56 and gas entry means illustrated by line 68. Also positioned at the base of product surge tank 64, is a ~li,c( h~rge valve 60 which when in the open position tii~c,ch~rges product for ~llve~illg to storage. Valve 50 when in the open posi~io~
releases fluid to surge tank 62. Fluid from surge tank 62 is-directed through a filter absorber 64 and thence through a co ~l lessor 66 and into recycle line 22 through line 68.
In a typical mode of operation, valve 48 is open and valves 50, 52 are in a closed position. Product and fluid enter product discharge tank 46. Valve 48 closes and the product is allowed to settle in product discharge tank 46. Valve 50 is then opened ~el~tlillg fluid to flow from product tiisch~rge tank 46 to surge tank 62 from which it is continually compressed back into recycle line 22. Valve 50 is then closed and valve 62 is opened and any product in product llic~h~rge D-17226 ~ 7 tank 46 flows into product surge tank 54. Valve 52 is then closed. The product is purged with inert gas, preferably nitrogen, which enters product surge tank 54 through line 58 and is vented through line 56.
Product is then discharged from product surge tank 54 through valve 60 and conveyed through line 20 to storage.
The particular timing sequence of the valves is accomplished by the use of conventional progr~mm~qhle controllers which are well known in the art. Moreover, the valves can be kept substantially free of agglomerated particles by directing a stream of gas periodically through the valves and back to the reactor.
Another preferred product discharge system employs at least one (parallel) pair of tanks comprising a settling tank and a transfer tank arranged in series and having the separated gas phase returned from the top of the settling tank to a point in the reactor near the top of the fluidized bed. Such alternative preferred product discharge system obviates the need for a recompression line 64, 66, 68, as shown in the system of the drawing.
The fluidized-bed reactor is equipped with an adequate venting system (not shown) to allow venting the bed during start up and shut down. The reactor does not require the use of stirring and/or wall scraping. The recycle line 22 and the elements therein (compressor 30, heat exch~nger 24) should be smooth surfaced and devoid of unnecessary obstructions so as not to impede the flow of recycle fluid or entrained particles.
Illustrative of the polymers which can be produced in accordance with the invention are the following:
Polyisoprene (cis-1, 4 - Polyisoprene) Polystyrene Polybutadiene SBR (polymer of butadiene copolymerized with sytrene) ABS (polymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene) Nitrile (polymer of butadiene copolymerized with acrylonitrile) Butyl (polymer of isobutylene copolymerized with isoprene) EPR (polymer of ethylene copolymerized with propylene) EPDM (polymer of ethylene copolymerized with propylene and a diene such as h~Y~Iiiene~
dicyclopentadiene, or ethylidene norbornene) Neoprene (polychlo,~op elle) Silicone (polydimethyl siloxane) Copolymer of ethylene and vinyltrimethoxy silane Copolymer of ethylene and one or more of acryonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl Aoet~te, acrylic and methacrylic acid esters and the like When it is desired to produce polymers or copolymers using one or more nlonomers which are all relatively high boilin~ and which are liquids under the temre, atu~e and pressure conditions which are preferred for gas phase fl~ i7ed bed production in accordance with the invention, it is necess~ry to employ an inert subst~rce which will remain gaseous under the conditions selected for polymerization in the fluidized bed. Suitable for this purpose are inert gases such as nitrogen, argon, neon, krypton and the like. Also usefill are saturated hydroc~l,ons such as et~ ~qne~ y2~le, butane and the like a6 well as halogen sub6tituted alkanes such as freon. Other materials which remain gaseous under the desired conditions, such as carbon dioxide, ~ D-17226 2155~3~
provided they are essentially inert and do not affect catalyst perform~nce, ~qn also be employed.
Nitrogen, ber~lse of its physical l,ropel ~ies and relatively low cost is a preferred medium for the mq-mlf~ct~lre of polymers from higher boiling mono~ers such as styrene, vinyl acetic acid, acrylonitrile, methylacrylate, methylmet~ crylate and the like.
Alkanes such as ethane and ~-o~ e which remain gaseous at relatively low tempe,a~ules are also ~.~e~l~ed.
Co~ve~.l;o~ql techniques for the ~.e-vt,l~Lon offouling of the reactor and polymer agglomeration can be used in the prsctice of our invention. Illu~lla~ive ofthese techniques are the introduction of finely divided particulate m~ttPr to ~ Vellt agglomeration, as described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,994,534 and 5,200,477; addition of negative charge generating ~~hpmir~ls to balance positive voltages or by addition of positive charge generating chemicals to neutralize negative voltage poter~ti~l~ as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,803,251. Antistat substances may also be added, either contimlously or intermittently to prevent or neutralize static charge generation.
The following eY~mples are provided to illustrate our invention.
T~le 1 -In an eY~mple of the process of the invention a fl~ i7etl bed reaction fiystem as described above, was operated as described below to produce ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer. The polymer was produced under the following re~ction conditions: 40~C reactor tempe~ature and 290 psia reactor pressure. The partial pressurefi (dew points) of the mor nmers and comonomers inside the reactor were 90 psia for ethylene and 198 psia for propylene. The partial pressure of hydrogen was 2.0 psia. The monomer ethylidene-norbornene (ENB) was injected into the polymeriza~on zone of the reactor at the rate of 0.53 lb/h. The volume of the reactor was 65 ft3; the resin's weight inside the reactor was 112 lbs. The catalyst system employed in this ~y~mple was vanadium acetyl acetonate with diethylalllmin~lm _ D-17226 2155236 chloride as coc~tPlyst and ethyl tri~hloro~cetpte as the promoter . The production rate was 20 lb/h. The product had a Mooney value of 55.
75 ~er~ t ofthe injected ENB was incol~oldted into polymers by polymeri7~tion The unreacted re--~inrler of ENB, dissolved into polymers and was equal to 0.66 percent of the polymer's weight. With 112 lbs. of resins inside the reactor, the total unreacted ENB was 0.74 lbs. If the unreacted ENB were completely ~v~ol~ted inside the reactor, its partial pressure would be 0.6764 psia.
At 40~C the saturation pressure is 2187.7 psia for ethylene, 337.1 psia for propylene and 0.262 psia for ENB. Since the partial pressures of ethylene and propylene inside the reactor were much less than their saturation pressures, there was no con~l~nsed ethylene or propylene. The calculated partial pressure of unreacted ENB inside the reactor, howevel, is much higher than its saturation pressure. Theleîore, the ENB must have remained in a liquid state and been absorbed by the polymers.
F~Y~ e ~
Ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer was made in a fl~ i7.e-1 bed reaction system as described above under the following reaction conditions: -40~C reactor tempela~ule and 363.4 psia. reactor pressure. The partial pressures of tbe monomprs and coTnnnnmers inside the reactor were 90 psia.
for ethylene and 198.2 psia. for propylene. The partial pressure of hydrogen was 2.2 psia., and tbe partial pressure of ~Lot t:l- was 72.6. The monoIner ethyli~lPnq~orbornene (ENB) was injected into the polymerization zone of the reactor at the rate of 0.53 lb/h. The volume of the reactor was 55 ft3; the resin's weight inside the reactor was 112 lbs. The catalyst system employed in this ~ mrle was vanadium acetyl acetonate with diethylalumi~
chloride as coc~t~lyst and ethyl trichloroacetate as the promoter. The production rate was 20 lblh. The product had a Mooney value of 55.
D-17226 21 5 5 2 3 ~
.~
75 percent of the in~ected ENB was incoll o.ated into polyme-rs by polymerization. The unreacted ~e.l.A; ~ .~er of ENB, dissolved into polymers and was equal to 0.66 percent of the polymer's weight. With 112 lbs. of resins inside the reactor, the total unreacted ENB was 0.74 lbs. If the unreacted ENB comrletely evaporated inside the reactor, its partial pressure would be 0.6764 psia.
At 40~C the sa~u~a~ion pressure is 2187.7 psia. for ethylene, 337.1 psia. for propylene and 0.262 psia, for ENB. Sinoe the partial pressures of ethylene and propylene inside the reactor were much less than their saturation pressures, there was no contl~n~e~l ethylene or propylene. The calculated par~al pressure of unreacted ENB inside the reactor, however, is much higher than its saturation pressure. Th0refole, the ENB must have remained in a liquid state and been absorbed by the polymers.
~Y~les 3-6 The following eY~mples set forth in tabular form, operating conditions for producing a variety of different polymers in accordance with the invention. They illustrate the practice of the invention using different catalyst systems and differing cycle gas compositions.
,._ EXAMPLE NO. POLYBUTADIENE SB4R ABS POLYSlYRENE
Reaction Cn~ nc Te ~ re (~C) 40 40 40 40 Pressure (psi) 100 110 200 100 S_. ri~l Velocity 1.75 2.0 1.5 1.5 P~lu.,lioll Rate30 25 20 40 (Ib/h) Total Reactor Volume (ft3) 55 55 55 5S
Reaction ZoneVolume 7 5 7.5 7.5 Bed Hei~ht (ft) 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Bed Diameter (h)1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 Bed Wei~ht (Ibs) 112 112 112 112 Cycle Gas Composition:
N2 20 27.3 58.0 99.7 Butadiene 80 72 2 39 9 Acrylonitrile - - 1.95 Catalyst: Co(acac)3* Co(acac)3* Co(acac)3* Cp2ZrMe2 Co-catalyst: Triethylql.. nir.lm Triethy~?ll ~Triethy'-' MAO***
Heavy Monomer Feed Rate (Ib/h) Eu~ -e 46.2 9.62 2.46 St~rrene - 20.83 15.33 44.4 Acrylonitrile - 7.08 Polymer C. . ~ ~
But~ ne 100 25 8 Styrene 75 69 100 Acrylonitrile - 23 * Cobalttriacetylacele- --** Dicycl.J~ ~ ku. limr~y *** Methyl ~I~mc~
Claims (14)
1. A process for producing polymers in a stirred bed or gas fluidized bed reaction vessel having a polymerization zone containing a bed of growing polymer particles which comprises:
1) continuously introducing a stream comprised of one or more monomers and optionally one or more inert gases or liquids into said polymerization zone;
1) continuously introducing a stream comprised of one or more monomers and optionally one or more inert gases or liquids into said polymerization zone;
2) continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone;
3) continuously or intermittently withdrawing polymer product from said polymerization zone;
4) continuously withdrawing unreacted gases from said polymerization zone, compressing and cooling said gases while maintaining the temperature within said polymerization zone below the dew point of at least one monomer present in said polymerization zone;
with the proviso that if there is only one monomer present in said gas-liquid stream there is also present at least one inert gas.
2. A process for producing polymers from two or more monomers by an exothermic polymerization reaction in a stirred bed or gas fluidized bed reaction vessel having a polymerization zone containing a bed of growing polymer particles, which comprises:
1) continuously introducing a fluid stream comprised at least two monomers and optionally one or more inert gases or liquids;
2) continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone;
3) continuously or intermittently withdrawing polymer product from said polymerization zone;
4) continuously withdrawing unreacted gases from said polymerization zone, compressing and cooling said gases; and
with the proviso that if there is only one monomer present in said gas-liquid stream there is also present at least one inert gas.
2. A process for producing polymers from two or more monomers by an exothermic polymerization reaction in a stirred bed or gas fluidized bed reaction vessel having a polymerization zone containing a bed of growing polymer particles, which comprises:
1) continuously introducing a fluid stream comprised at least two monomers and optionally one or more inert gases or liquids;
2) continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone;
3) continuously or intermittently withdrawing polymer product from said polymerization zone;
4) continuously withdrawing unreacted gases from said polymerization zone, compressing and cooling said gases; and
5) maintaining the temperature within said polymerization zone below the dew point of at least one of said monomers.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the velocity of said fluid stream entering said polymerization zone, the rate of introduction of said polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone and the concentration of monomer in said fluid stream are such that the temperature within said polymerization zone is maintained below the dew point of at least one monomer present in said fluid stream.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the temperature within said polymerization zone and the velocity of gases passing through the said polymerization zone are such that essentially no liquid is present in the said polymerization zone that is not absorbed on or absorbed in solid particulate matter.
5. A process for producing polymers from two or more monomers by an exothermic polymerization reaction in a stirred bed or gas fluidized bed reactor having a polymerization zone containing a bed of growing polymer particles which comprises:
1) continuously introducing a fluid stream containing at least two monomers and optionally one or more inert gases into said polymerization zone;
2) continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone;
3) continuously or intermittently withdrawing polymer product from said polymerization zone;
4) continuously withdrawing unreacted gases from said polymerization zone, compressing and cooling said gases; and 5) maintaining the temperature within said polymerization zone below the dew point of at least one of said monomers and above the vaporization temperature of at least one of said monomers.
3. A process according to claim 1 wherein the velocity of said fluid stream entering said polymerization zone, the rate of introduction of said polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone and the concentration of monomer in said fluid stream are such that the temperature within said polymerization zone is maintained below the dew point of at least one monomer present in said fluid stream.
4. A process according to claim 1 wherein the temperature within said polymerization zone and the velocity of gases passing through the said polymerization zone are such that essentially no liquid is present in the said polymerization zone that is not absorbed on or absorbed in solid particulate matter.
5. A process for producing polymers from two or more monomers by an exothermic polymerization reaction in a stirred bed or gas fluidized bed reactor having a polymerization zone containing a bed of growing polymer particles which comprises:
1) continuously introducing a fluid stream containing at least two monomers and optionally one or more inert gases into said polymerization zone;
2) continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone;
3) continuously or intermittently withdrawing polymer product from said polymerization zone;
4) continuously withdrawing unreacted gases from said polymerization zone, compressing and cooling said gases; and 5) maintaining the temperature within said polymerization zone below the dew point of at least one of said monomers and above the vaporization temperature of at least one of said monomers.
6. In a continuous fluidized bed polymerization process for the production of polymer from two or more fluid monomers by passing a gaseous stream through a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of catalyst under reactive conditions, withdrawing polymeric product and unreacted fluids, cooling said unreacted fluids and returning said cooled fluids into said reactor together with sufficient additional monomers to replace those monomers polymerized and withdrawn as product, the improvement which comprises; controlling the concentration of monomers in the gas stream passing through said reactor; the temperature of the cooled fluids returned to said reactor and the amount of catalyst present in said reactor so that the temperature within said reactor is maintained below the dew point of at least one of said monomers and above the vaporization level of at least one of said monomers.
7. A process according to claim 1 wherein said polymerization process is conducted in the presence of inert particulate matter.
8. A process according to claim 1 wherein said process is conducted in the presence of an agent or device for controlling the level of static in said reactor.
9. A process according to claim 1 wherein the static voltage in said reactor is maintained essentially neutral.
10. A process for producing polymers in a stirred bed or gas fluidized bed reactor vessel having a polymerization zone containing a bed of growing polymer particles which comprises;
1) continuously introducing a fluid stream comprised of one or more monomers and one or more inert gases into said polymerization zone;
2) continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone;
3) continuously or intermittently withdrawing polymer product from said polymerization zone;
4) continuously withdrawing unreacted gases from said polymerization zone, compressing and cooling said gases while maintaining the temperature within said polymerization zone below the dew point temperature of at least one of said inert gases.
1) continuously introducing a fluid stream comprised of one or more monomers and one or more inert gases into said polymerization zone;
2) continuously or intermittently introducing a polymerization catalyst into said polymerization zone;
3) continuously or intermittently withdrawing polymer product from said polymerization zone;
4) continuously withdrawing unreacted gases from said polymerization zone, compressing and cooling said gases while maintaining the temperature within said polymerization zone below the dew point temperature of at least one of said inert gases.
11. A process according to claim 10 wherein said fluid stream is a two-phase gas-liquid stream comprised of an inert gas and one or more liquid monomers.
12. A process according to claim 11 wherein said inert gas is nitrogen and said liquid monomer is butadiene or chloroprene.
13. A process according to claim 11 wherein said inert gas is nitrogen and said liquid monomer is styrene.
14. A process according to claim 11 wherein said inert gas -is nitrogen and said liquid monomer is a mixture of butadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08284797 US5453471B1 (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1994-08-02 | Gas phase polymerization process |
US08/284,797 | 1994-08-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2155236A1 CA2155236A1 (en) | 1996-02-03 |
CA2155236C true CA2155236C (en) | 1999-04-13 |
Family
ID=23091570
Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002155236A Expired - Fee Related CA2155236C (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1995-08-02 | Gas phase polymerization process |
CA002196676A Abandoned CA2196676A1 (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1995-08-02 | Gas phase production of polydienes |
CA002196664A Abandoned CA2196664A1 (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1995-08-02 | Gas phase production of polydienes |
CA002196675A Abandoned CA2196675A1 (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1995-08-02 | Gas phase polymerization process |
Family Applications After (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002196676A Abandoned CA2196676A1 (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1995-08-02 | Gas phase production of polydienes |
CA002196664A Abandoned CA2196664A1 (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1995-08-02 | Gas phase production of polydienes |
CA002196675A Abandoned CA2196675A1 (en) | 1994-08-02 | 1995-08-02 | Gas phase polymerization process |
Country Status (22)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US5453471B1 (en) |
EP (6) | EP0773964B1 (en) |
JP (4) | JP3819933B2 (en) |
KR (4) | KR100240565B1 (en) |
CN (3) | CN1158624A (en) |
AT (4) | ATE240978T1 (en) |
AU (3) | AU691957B2 (en) |
BR (3) | BR9508517A (en) |
CA (4) | CA2155236C (en) |
CZ (3) | CZ32097A3 (en) |
DE (4) | DE69530872T2 (en) |
ES (4) | ES2153044T3 (en) |
FI (1) | FI970457A (en) |
HU (3) | HUT78022A (en) |
MX (3) | MX9700804A (en) |
MY (1) | MY115976A (en) |
NO (1) | NO970464L (en) |
PL (3) | PL318526A1 (en) |
SK (1) | SK14897A3 (en) |
TW (3) | TW311142B (en) |
WO (3) | WO1996004321A1 (en) |
ZA (3) | ZA956456B (en) |
Families Citing this family (368)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6025448A (en) | 1989-08-31 | 2000-02-15 | The Dow Chemical Company | Gas phase polymerization of olefins |
US6538080B1 (en) | 1990-07-03 | 2003-03-25 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Gas phase polymerization of olefins |
US5733988A (en) * | 1994-06-29 | 1998-03-31 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for reducing polymer build-up in recycle lines and heat exchangers during polymerizations employing butadiene, isoprene, and/or styrene |
US5859156A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1999-01-12 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Vapor phase synthesis of rubbery polymers |
US5652304A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-07-29 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Vapor phase synthesis of rubbery polymers |
CA2190678A1 (en) | 1995-11-22 | 1997-05-23 | Robert Joseph Noel Bernier | Process for preparing elastomeric compounds from granular elastomers and polymers and articles manufactured therefrom |
CA2190302A1 (en) | 1995-11-22 | 1997-05-23 | Gregory George Smith | Process for preparing vulcanizable elastomeric compounds from granular elastomer blends and elastomeric articles manufactured therefrom |
CA2190301A1 (en) | 1995-11-22 | 1997-05-23 | Robert Joseph Noel Bernier | Curable ethylene-alpha olefin-diene elastomer |
CN1173503A (en) | 1995-12-01 | 1998-02-18 | 联合碳化化学品及塑料技术公司 | Olefin Polymerization catalyst compositions |
TR199601005A2 (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1997-07-21 | Union Carbide Chem Plastic | The method for the production of long chain, branched polyolefins. |
EP0814100A1 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1997-12-29 | Bp Chemicals S.N.C. | Polymerisation process |
EP0803519A1 (en) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-10-29 | Bp Chemicals S.N.C. | Polymerisation process |
US6211310B1 (en) | 1997-06-05 | 2001-04-03 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Manufacture of stereoregular polymers |
US5693727A (en) * | 1996-06-06 | 1997-12-02 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Method for feeding a liquid catalyst to a fluidized bed polymerization reactor |
CN1113900C (en) | 1996-06-17 | 2003-07-09 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Mixed transition metal catalyst system for olefin polymerization |
US6759499B1 (en) * | 1996-07-16 | 2004-07-06 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin polymerization process with alkyl-substituted metallocenes |
US5731381A (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 1998-03-24 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Termination of gas phase polymerizations of conjugated dienes, vinyl-substituted aromatic compounds and mixtures thereof |
US5763541A (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 1998-06-09 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for feeding particulate material to a fluidized bed reactor |
JP3710247B2 (en) * | 1997-04-10 | 2005-10-26 | 三井化学株式会社 | Gas phase polymerization equipment |
FI111846B (en) | 1997-06-24 | 2003-09-30 | Borealis Tech Oy | Process and apparatus for preparing mixtures of polypropylene |
AU8382698A (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 1999-02-08 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Method for reducing sheeting during olefin polymerization |
AU8488198A (en) * | 1997-07-16 | 1999-02-10 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Low bed-level transition, start-up, and reactor residence time control using sound waves |
US6063877A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 2000-05-16 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Control of gas phase polymerization reactions |
US6004677A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-12-21 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Gas phase production of polydienes with pre-activated nickel catalysts |
US6001478A (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 1999-12-14 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Resin particle produced by diene polymerization with rare earth and transition metal catalysts |
WO2002083754A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-24 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Propylene ethylene polymers and production process |
DE19735794A1 (en) * | 1997-08-18 | 1999-02-25 | Bayer Ag | New supported cobalt catalyst, its production and its use for the polymerization of unsaturated compounds |
US5879805A (en) * | 1997-09-09 | 1999-03-09 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Gas phase polymerization of vinylpolybutadiene |
EP0903355B1 (en) | 1997-09-19 | 2003-04-09 | Bayer Ag | Two component supported catalyst and its use in the gas phase polymerisation |
DE19744710A1 (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-04-15 | Bayer Ag | Fluidized bed reactor for gas phase polymerisation |
DE19754789A1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 1999-07-01 | Bayer Ag | Rare earth catalyst supported on an inert organic polymer useful for the polymerization of unsaturated compounds and conjugated dienes in the gas phase |
DE19801859A1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 1999-07-22 | Bayer Ag | Prevention of instability in gas phase polymerization of rubber |
DE19801857A1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 1999-07-22 | Bayer Ag | Catalyst system used in gas phase polymerization of conjugated dienes |
AU1320699A (en) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-09-23 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Reduced sheeting in single-site and single-site like polymerization by employing a chromium containing compound |
US6071847A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2000-06-06 | Bridgestone Corporation | Gas phase anionic polymerization of diene elastomers |
US6136914A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2000-10-24 | Bridgestone Corporation | Anionic polymerization initiators for preparing macro-branched diene rubbers |
US6114475A (en) * | 1998-04-06 | 2000-09-05 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Reactor drying by addition of compound that lowers boiling point of water |
US7601303B1 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2009-10-13 | Elenac Gmbh | Gaseous phase fluidized-bed reactor |
US6136919A (en) * | 1998-05-27 | 2000-10-24 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber composition and tire having tread thereof |
US6245868B1 (en) | 1998-05-29 | 2001-06-12 | Univation Technologies | Catalyst delivery method, a catalyst feeder and their use in a polymerization process |
AU4819699A (en) | 1998-06-09 | 1999-12-30 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process and apparatus for improved solids flowability by reducing the consolidation force |
DE19825589A1 (en) | 1998-06-09 | 1999-12-16 | Elenac Gmbh | Gas phase fluidized bed reactor |
US6200509B1 (en) | 1998-06-26 | 2001-03-13 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Form of synthetic rubber |
EP1098934A1 (en) | 1998-07-01 | 2001-05-16 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Elastic blends comprising crystalline polymer and crystallizable polymers of propylene |
DE19835785A1 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2000-02-17 | Bayer Ag | High cis diene polymers for tire manufacture obtained by catalytic solution, suspension or gas-phase polymerisation using substituted cyclopentadienyltitanium trichloride compounds, some of which are disclosed as new |
KR20010032176A (en) * | 1998-09-26 | 2001-04-16 | 간디 지오프레이 에이치. | Catalyst components for the polymerization of dienes, catalyst obtained therefrom, and process for the preparation of polydienes using the same |
US6403773B1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2002-06-11 | Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Cationic group 3 catalyst system |
US6486088B1 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2002-11-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | High activity carbenium-activated polymerization catalysts |
ES2356612T3 (en) | 1998-11-02 | 2011-04-11 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | ETHYLENE / ALFA-OLEFINE / DIENO INTERPOLYMERS REO-FLUIDIFICANTS AND THEIR PREPARATION. |
US6189236B1 (en) * | 1998-11-05 | 2001-02-20 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for drying a reactor system employing a fixed bed adsorbent |
FI111953B (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2003-10-15 | Borealis Tech Oy | Process and apparatus for emptying polymerization reactors |
US6112777A (en) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-09-05 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for bulk handling elastomeric materials via temperature control |
US6441107B1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 2002-08-27 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Molecular weight control of gas phase polymerized polybutadiene when using a rare earth catalyst |
US6300429B1 (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2001-10-09 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Method of modifying near-wall temperature in a gas phase polymerization reactor |
US6111034A (en) * | 1998-12-31 | 2000-08-29 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Static control in olefin polymerization |
US6218484B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2001-04-17 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Fluidized bed reactor and polymerization process |
US6313236B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2001-11-06 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
MXPA01009833A (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2002-11-04 | Eastman Chem Co | Process for producing polyolefins. |
US6300432B1 (en) | 1999-03-30 | 2001-10-09 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
US6255411B1 (en) | 1999-04-07 | 2001-07-03 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Reactor product discharge system |
KR20010039657A (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2001-05-15 | 조셉 에스. 바이크 | Reduction of Oligomer and Gel Formation in Polyolefins |
US6255412B1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2001-07-03 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Polymerization of a sticky polymer in the presence of a treated carbon black |
US6180738B1 (en) | 1999-06-29 | 2001-01-30 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Production of a sticky polymer using an improved carbon black |
US6187879B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-02-13 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
US6191238B1 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2001-02-20 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for producing polyolefins |
CN1367797A (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2002-09-04 | 伊斯曼化学公司 | Process for producing polyolefins |
EP1083192A1 (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-14 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for feeding liquid comonomer to a polymerization conducted in a fluidized bed reactor |
FR2799394A1 (en) | 1999-10-11 | 2001-04-13 | Michelin Soc Tech | SOLID CATALYST SUPPORTED USABLE FOR THE POLYMERIZATION OF CONJUGATE DIENES, ITS PREPARATION PROCESS AND PROCESS FOR POLYMERIZATION OF CONJUGATE DIENES USING THIS CATALYST |
US6255420B1 (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-07-03 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Start-up process for gas phase production of polybutadiene |
US6822057B2 (en) * | 1999-12-09 | 2004-11-23 | Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin polymerization catalysts derived from Group-15 cationic compounds and processes using them |
US6489480B2 (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2002-12-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Group-15 cationic compounds for olefin polymerization catalysts |
US6281306B1 (en) | 1999-12-16 | 2001-08-28 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method of polymerization |
US6444605B1 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2002-09-03 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Mixed metal alkoxide and cycloalkadienyl catalysts for the production of polyolefins |
US6815512B2 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2004-11-09 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Polyolefin production using condensing mode in fluidized beds, with liquid phase enrichment and bed injection |
US6472483B1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2002-10-29 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Dry product discharge from a gas phase polymerization reactor operating in the condensing mode |
US6455644B1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2002-09-24 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Polyolefin production using condensing mode in fluidized beds, with liquid phase enrichment and bed injection |
US6809209B2 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2004-10-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Nitrogen-containing group-13 anionic compounds for olefin polymerization |
WO2002068484A1 (en) | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-06 | Bridgestone Corporation | Continuous process for the production of conjugated diene polymers having narrow molecular weight distribution and products therefrom |
US6723888B2 (en) * | 2001-03-14 | 2004-04-20 | Bridgestone Corporation | Humidification of hydrocarbon mixtures for use in polymer synthesis |
JP2004532909A (en) * | 2001-03-27 | 2004-10-28 | ユニオン・カーバイド・ケミカルズ・アンド・プラスチックス・テクノロジー・コーポレーション | Gas phase production method of polymer using group 4 metal complex catalyst |
WO2003000740A2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2003-01-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyolefins made by catalyst comprising a noncoordinating anion and articles comprising them |
CA2450570A1 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2003-01-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Metallocene-produced very low density polyethylenes or linear lowdensity polyethylenes as impact modifiers |
EP1927617A1 (en) | 2001-07-19 | 2008-06-04 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Polyethylene films with improved physical properties. |
JP4606671B2 (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2011-01-05 | 三井化学株式会社 | Process for producing ethylene / α-olefin copolymer |
EP1308464A1 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-05-07 | BP Chemicals S.N.C. | Process for the gas-phase (co-)polymerisation of olefins in a fluidised bed reactor |
US6927256B2 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2005-08-09 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Crystallization of polypropylene using a semi-crystalline, branched or coupled nucleating agent |
EP1444276A1 (en) * | 2001-11-06 | 2004-08-11 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Isotactic propylene copolymers, their preparation and use |
DE10163154A1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2003-07-03 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Catalyst solid containing pyrogenic silicas for olefin polymerization |
IL162889A0 (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2005-11-20 | Advanced Elastomer Systems | Thermoplastic elastomers and process for making the same |
EP1348719B2 (en) † | 2002-03-25 | 2010-11-17 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Process for producing polyolefin |
US7943700B2 (en) * | 2002-10-01 | 2011-05-17 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Enhanced ESCR of HDPE resins |
CN101724110B (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2013-03-27 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Multiple catalyst system for olefin polymerization and polymers produced therefrom |
US7223822B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2007-05-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Multiple catalyst and reactor system for olefin polymerization and polymers produced therefrom |
US7579407B2 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2009-08-25 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Thermoplastic elastomer compositions |
US7459500B2 (en) | 2002-11-05 | 2008-12-02 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Thermoplastic elastomer compositions |
CN100351275C (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2007-11-28 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | Morphology controlled olefin polymerization process |
US6759489B1 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2004-07-06 | Eastern Petrochemical Co. | Fluidized bed methods for making polymers |
CN100348623C (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2007-11-14 | 联合碳化化学及塑料技术公司 | Gas phase polymerization and method of controlling same |
JP4231357B2 (en) * | 2003-07-17 | 2009-02-25 | リケンテクノス株式会社 | Thermoplastic elastomer composition |
US7737205B2 (en) * | 2003-07-28 | 2010-06-15 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Thermoplastic vulcanizates and process to prepare them |
WO2005049670A1 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-06-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Propylene-based elastomers and uses thereof |
US7410926B2 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2008-08-12 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Polymerization process using a supported, treated catalyst system |
US7399895B2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2008-07-15 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics | Aluminum phosphate-supported group 6 metal amide catalysts for oligomerization of ethylene |
AU2005224258B2 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2010-09-02 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for ethylene copolymer formation |
SG151301A1 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2009-04-30 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for ethylene multi- block copolymer formation |
BRPI0508173B1 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2016-03-15 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | multiblock copolymers, polymer, copolymer, a functional derivative, homogeneous polymer blend, process for preparing a propylene-containing multiblock copolymer and process for preparing a 4-methyl-1-pentene multiblock copolymer |
US7270791B2 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2007-09-18 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Angular flow distribution bottom head |
MY135431A (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2008-04-30 | Exxonmobil Chem Patents Inc | Polymerization process |
US7754830B2 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2010-07-13 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Polymerization reaction monitoring with determination of induced condensing agent concentration for preventing discontinuity events |
US7683140B2 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2010-03-23 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for determining temperature value indicative of resin stickiness from data generated by polymerization reaction monitoring |
GB0411742D0 (en) | 2004-05-26 | 2004-06-30 | Exxonmobil Chem Patents Inc | Transition metal compounds for olefin polymerization and oligomerization |
US7414100B2 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2008-08-19 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
US7981984B2 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2011-07-19 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
US7157531B2 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2007-01-02 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Methods for producing polymers with control over composition distribution |
US7662892B2 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2010-02-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Impact copolymers |
AU2005262843B2 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2007-11-15 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Methods for producing polymers with control over composition distribution |
WO2006009951A1 (en) * | 2004-06-21 | 2006-01-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymer recovery method |
EP1778738B1 (en) * | 2004-08-09 | 2014-05-07 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Supported bis(hydroxyarylaryloxy) catalysts for manufacture of polymers |
US7253239B2 (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2007-08-07 | Westlake Longview Corporation | Method for preventing or inhibiting fouling in a gas-phase polyolefin polymerization process |
EP1805226A1 (en) | 2004-10-29 | 2007-07-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst compound containing divalent tridentate ligand |
US7799725B2 (en) | 2004-11-01 | 2010-09-21 | Ube Industries, Ltd. | Catalyst for polymerization of conjugated diene and method of polymerization conjugated diene using the catalyst, rubber composition for tires, and rubber composition for golf balls |
US7829623B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2010-11-09 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic vulcanizates having improved fabricability |
US7745526B2 (en) | 2004-11-05 | 2010-06-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Transparent polyolefin compositions |
EP1844098B1 (en) * | 2004-12-16 | 2008-08-13 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymeric compositions including their uses and methods of production |
US6987152B1 (en) | 2005-01-11 | 2006-01-17 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Feed purification at ambient temperature |
US7803876B2 (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2010-09-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patent Inc. | Processes for producing polymer blends and polymer blend pellets |
EP2894176B1 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2022-06-01 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for regio-irregular multi-block copolymer formation |
WO2006101596A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2006-09-28 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for tactic/ atactic multi-block copolymer formation |
US9410009B2 (en) | 2005-03-17 | 2016-08-09 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Catalyst composition comprising shuttling agent for tactic/ atactic multi-block copolymer formation |
US20060247394A1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2006-11-02 | Fina Technology, Inc. | Process for increasing ethylene incorporation into random copolymers |
US7799882B2 (en) * | 2005-06-20 | 2010-09-21 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
US7634937B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2009-12-22 | Symyx Solutions, Inc. | Systems and methods for monitoring solids using mechanical resonator |
CA2622720A1 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2007-03-29 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Catalytic olefin block copolymers via polymerizable shuttling agent |
BR122017016853B1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2018-05-15 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | PROCESS FOR POLYMERIZING ONE OR MORE POLYMERIZABLE MONOMERS BY ADDITION |
US7714082B2 (en) * | 2005-10-04 | 2010-05-11 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Gas-phase polymerization process to achieve a high particle density |
US7737206B2 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2010-06-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyolefin composition with high filler loading capacity |
EP1963347B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2011-10-19 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Halogen substituted metallocene compounds for olefin polymerization |
EP1803747A1 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-04 | Borealis Technology Oy | Surface-modified polymerization catalysts for the preparation of low-gel polyolefin films |
DE102006004429A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-02 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc., Sunnyvale | Forming metallization layers for high-density integrated circuit component interconnection, also deposits dielectric material of low permitivity |
US7714083B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2010-05-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Recycle of hydrocarbon gases from the product tanks to a reactor through the use of ejectors |
US7696289B2 (en) * | 2006-05-12 | 2010-04-13 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Low molecular weight induced condensing agents |
US8354484B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2013-01-15 | Dow Global Technologies, Llc | High temperature solution polymerization process |
AU2007293486A1 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2008-03-13 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Methods for on-line determination of degree of resin stickiness using a model for depression of melt initiation temperature |
RU2446175C2 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2012-03-27 | Юнивейшн Текнолоджиз, Ллк | Methods of determining temperature value characterising resin stickiness based on polymerisation reaction monitoring data |
US8198373B2 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2012-06-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Plastic toughened plastics |
US7989562B2 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2011-08-02 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Method for preventing catalyst agglomeration based on production rate changes |
US7754834B2 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2010-07-13 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Bulk density promoting agents in a gas-phase polymerization process to achieve a bulk particle density |
US7872090B2 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2011-01-18 | Eastman Chemical Company | Reactor system with optimized heating and phase separation |
JP2009024074A (en) * | 2007-07-19 | 2009-02-05 | Japan Polypropylene Corp | Method for producing polypropylene |
TW200932762A (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2009-08-01 | Univation Tech Llc | Polyethylene compositions having improved properties |
US7875685B2 (en) * | 2007-11-07 | 2011-01-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Gas phase polymerization and distributor plate passivation treatment |
TW200936564A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2009-09-01 | Univation Tech Llc | Methods for the removal of impurities from polymerization feed streams |
EP3187238B1 (en) | 2007-11-27 | 2018-08-15 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Integrated hydrocarbons feed stripper |
EP2112173A1 (en) | 2008-04-16 | 2009-10-28 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst compounds and use thereof |
SG187414A1 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2013-02-28 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Ethylene-based polymer compositions, methods of making the same, and articles prepared from the same |
WO2010074994A1 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for fabricating polymers |
JP5179899B2 (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2013-04-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | Vapor phase fluidized bed apparatus, gas phase fluidization method, and polymer production method |
US20090214395A1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-08-27 | The Dow Chemical Company | Raw Material Efficiency Method and Process |
EP2119732A1 (en) | 2008-05-16 | 2009-11-18 | Borealis Technology Oy | Metallocene catalyst compositions with improved properties, process for its preparation and use for preparing polyolefin homo- or copolymers |
US8580902B2 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2013-11-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst system, process for olefin polymerization, and polymer compositions produced therefrom |
WO2010014344A2 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2010-02-04 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst system and process for olefin polymerization |
DE102008039218A1 (en) | 2008-08-22 | 2010-02-25 | Woco Industrietechnik Gmbh | Vulcanizable rubber compounds and elastomer molded parts obtainable from these rubber compounds |
JP2009013428A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2009-01-22 | Riken Technos Corp | Thermoplastic elastomer composition |
EP2186832B1 (en) | 2008-11-10 | 2012-09-12 | Borealis AG | Process for the preparation of an unsupported, solid metallocene catalyst system and its use in polymerization of olefins |
EP2186831B1 (en) | 2008-11-10 | 2013-01-02 | Borealis AG | Process for the preparation of an unsupported, solid olefin polymerisation catalyst and use in polymerisation of olefins |
US20100119855A1 (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-13 | Trazollah Ouhadi | Thermoplastic Elastomer with Excellent Adhesion to EPDM Thermoset Rubber and Low Coefficient of Friction |
US8202952B2 (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2012-06-19 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Process for making ethylene homopolymers |
RU2533488C2 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2014-11-20 | Юнивейшн Текнолоджиз, Ллк | Systems and methods of polymer production |
WO2010080871A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-15 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Additive for gas phase polymerization processes |
WO2010080870A2 (en) | 2009-01-08 | 2010-07-15 | Univation Technologies,Llc | Additive for polyolefin polymerization processes |
EP2456796B1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2013-07-17 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Polymerization reaction system |
KR101678247B1 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2016-11-21 | 유니베이션 테크놀로지즈, 엘엘씨 | Polymerization process using a supported constrained geometry catalyst |
ES2651292T3 (en) | 2009-07-29 | 2018-01-25 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Double or multiple head chain transfer agents and their use for the preparation of block copolymers |
US8425924B2 (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2013-04-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Propylene compositions containing a pyrethroid and products made therefrom |
AU2010325127B2 (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2016-04-28 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Centrifugal wet gas compression or expansion with a slug suppressor and/or atomizer |
CN102712701A (en) | 2009-12-07 | 2012-10-03 | 尤尼威蒂恩技术有限责任公司 | Methods for reducing static charge of a catalyst and methods for using the catalyst to produce polyolefins |
WO2011078923A1 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-30 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Methods for producing catalyst systems |
JP2013520525A (en) | 2010-02-22 | 2013-06-06 | イネオス コマーシャル サービシズ ユーケイ リミテッド | Improved polyolefin production process |
US8058461B2 (en) | 2010-03-01 | 2011-11-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Mono-indenyl transition metal compounds and polymerization therewith |
WO2011136492A2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-11-03 | 대림산업 주식회사 | Gas-phase polymerization of alpha-olefins |
US8557906B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2013-10-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Flame resistant polyolefin compositions and methods for making the same |
EP2915826B1 (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2024-02-28 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Polyethylene and process for production thereof |
JP5667701B2 (en) | 2010-11-24 | 2015-02-12 | エクソンモービル アジア パシフィック リサーチ アンド デベロップメント カンパニー リミテッド | Highly filled polymer composition for filler |
EP2646480B1 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2016-04-13 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Processes for the polymerization of olefins with extracted metal carboxylate salts |
BR112013012545B1 (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2020-04-14 | Univation Tech Llc | catalyst composition, production process of a catalyst composition and polymerization process |
CA2734167C (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2018-03-27 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Polyethylene film |
KR101986201B1 (en) | 2011-05-09 | 2019-06-07 | 가부시키가이샤 브리지스톤 | Processes for the preparation of high-cis polydienes |
CA2739969C (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2018-08-21 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Improving reactor operability in a gas phase polymerization process |
RU2598023C2 (en) | 2011-05-13 | 2016-09-20 | Юнивейшн Текнолоджиз, Ллк | Spray drying-obtained catalyst compositions and polymerisation methods using same |
CA2740755C (en) | 2011-05-25 | 2019-01-15 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Chromium catalysts for olefin polymerization |
EP2785749B1 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2017-08-30 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Methods and systems for catalyst delivery |
CA2760264C (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2018-08-21 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Passivated supports for use with olefin polymerization catalysts |
CN102675513B (en) * | 2012-06-06 | 2013-08-07 | 吉林众鑫化工集团有限公司 | Polymerization reactor for producing ethylene propylene diene monomer by using solution method and process flow control method |
CA2798855C (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2021-01-26 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Ethylene copolymers having reverse comonomer incorporation |
US9115233B2 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2015-08-25 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Ethylene copolymer compositions, film and polymerization processes |
LU92037B1 (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-07 | Wurth Paul Sa | Device for depressurizing a pressurized reservoir for storing granular or pulverulent material, and installation for distributing pulverulent material by pneumatic transport comprising such a device |
US9243325B2 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2016-01-26 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Vapor delivery device, methods of manufacture and methods of use thereof |
WO2014021244A1 (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2014-02-06 | 宇部興産株式会社 | Modified cis-1, 4-polybutadiene and method for producing same |
JP6034623B2 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2016-11-30 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Method for producing polymerization catalyst composition and polymerization catalyst composition |
JP6101021B2 (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2017-03-22 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Method for producing modified carbon black |
IN2015DN01430A (en) | 2012-10-26 | 2015-07-03 | Exxonmobil Chem Patents Inc | |
WO2014071119A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 | 2014-05-08 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Mixed compatible ziegler-natta/chromium catalysts for improved polymer products |
CN104781628B (en) | 2012-11-12 | 2017-07-07 | 尤尼威蒂恩技术有限责任公司 | For the recycling gas cooler system of gas phase polymerization process |
CN104853917A (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2015-08-19 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Films comprising ethlyene-based polymers and methods of making same |
CA2797620C (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2019-08-27 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Controlling resin properties in a gas phase polymerization process |
CN104837630B (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2017-02-22 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Ethylene-based polymers and articles made therefrom |
CN104903100B (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2017-11-14 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Polyethylene film and its manufacture method |
CA2800056A1 (en) | 2012-12-24 | 2014-06-24 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Polyethylene blend compositions |
CN105189566A (en) | 2013-01-30 | 2015-12-23 | 尤尼威蒂恩技术有限责任公司 | Processes for making catalyst compositions having improved flow |
KR101462466B1 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2014-11-17 | 대림산업 주식회사 | Method for polymerization of olefin |
US9493591B2 (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2016-11-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Ethylene based polymers and articles made therefrom |
US20160102429A1 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2016-04-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Carpet Backing Compositions and Carpet Backing Comprising the Same |
US9433914B2 (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2016-09-06 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Lp | Polyolefin reactor system having a gas phase reactor |
CA2943378C (en) | 2014-04-02 | 2023-09-12 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Continuity compositions and methods of making and using the same |
JP6498760B2 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2019-04-10 | エクソンモービル・ケミカル・パテンツ・インク | Thermoplastic vulcanizate composition |
CA2870027C (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2022-04-26 | Matthew Zaki Botros | Blow molding composition and process |
CA2871463A1 (en) | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-19 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Passivated supports: catalyst, process and product |
WO2016094861A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin polymerization catalyst system comprising mesoporous organosilica support |
WO2016094870A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin polymerization catalyst system comprising mesoporous organosilica support |
WO2016094843A2 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Olefin polymerization catalyst system comprising mesoporous organosilica support |
EP3230409A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2017-10-18 | ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company | Organosilica materials and uses thereof |
CA2874344C (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2021-08-31 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Spheroidal catalyst for olefin polymerization |
SG11201707037TA (en) | 2015-03-10 | 2017-09-28 | Univation Tech Llc | Spray dried catalyst compositions, methods for preparation and use in olefin polymerization processes |
EP3274380B1 (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2020-08-19 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst composition comprising fluorided support and processes for use thereof |
US10618989B2 (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2020-04-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene composition |
US10533063B2 (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2020-01-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Supported catalyst systems and processes for use thereof |
CA2982900C (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2023-09-12 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Bridged bi-aromatic ligands and olefin polymerization catalysts prepared therefrom |
ES2727734T3 (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2019-10-18 | Univation Tech Llc | Bridged bi-aromatic ligands and transition metal compounds repaired from them |
US10519256B2 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2019-12-31 | Univation Technologies, Llc | Supported catalyst compositions having improved flow properties and preparation thereof |
CA2890606C (en) | 2015-05-07 | 2022-07-19 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Process for polymerization using dense and spherical ziegler-natta type catalyst |
JP6621845B2 (en) | 2015-05-08 | 2019-12-18 | エクソンモービル ケミカル パテンツ インコーポレイテッド | Polymerization method |
DE102015005943A1 (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-17 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Fixed bed reactor, process for the production of a fixed bed reactor and use of a fixed bed reactor |
CA2891693C (en) | 2015-05-21 | 2022-01-11 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Controlling the placement of comonomer in an ethylene copolymer |
CA2892552C (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2022-02-15 | Victoria Ker | Process for polymerization in a fluidized bed reactor |
US10351647B2 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2019-07-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process using bridged metallocene compounds supported on organoaluminum treated layered silicate supports |
CN107614774B (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2020-08-11 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Spunbonded fabric comprising propylene-based elastomer composition and method for preparing same |
US9289748B1 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2016-03-22 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Treater regeneration |
US9861955B2 (en) | 2015-06-11 | 2018-01-09 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Lp | Treater regeneration |
US10577435B2 (en) | 2015-08-26 | 2020-03-03 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Ethylene gas phase polymerisation process |
EP3350236B1 (en) | 2015-09-17 | 2023-10-04 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene polymers and articles made therefrom |
US10683398B2 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2020-06-16 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Polymer coatings compositions with reduced ignition sensitivity |
CN108137730B (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2021-10-29 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Polymerization process using pyridyldiamido compound supported on organoaluminum-treated layered silicate support |
CN108026115B (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2021-11-09 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Multi-head or double-head composition capable of being used for chain shuttling and preparation method thereof |
JP6414032B2 (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-10-31 | 日本ポリプロ株式会社 | Propylene polymer production method |
US20180319964A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 | 2018-11-08 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene Shrink Films and Processes for Making the Same |
BR112018068845B1 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2022-10-11 | Univation Technologies, Llc | FORMULA II METAL COMPLEX, SUPPORTED METAL COMPLEX AND METHOD OF FORMING A POLYMER |
US10790404B2 (en) | 2016-03-30 | 2020-09-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic vulcanizate compositions for photovoltaic cell applications |
CN109071844A (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2018-12-21 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Polyethylene sheets |
US10844529B2 (en) | 2016-05-02 | 2020-11-24 | Exxonmobil Chemicals Patents Inc. | Spunbond fabrics comprising propylene-based elastomer compositions and methods for making the same |
US9803037B1 (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2017-10-31 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Tetrahydro-as-indacenyl catalyst composition, catalyst system, and processes for use thereof |
EP3452521B1 (en) | 2016-05-03 | 2023-07-12 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Tetrahydroindacenyl catalyst composition, catalyst system, and processes for use thereof |
EP3464390A1 (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2019-04-10 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Metallocene catalyst compositions and polymerization process therewith |
WO2017216047A1 (en) | 2016-06-13 | 2017-12-21 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | A catalyst for ethylene gas phase polymerization process |
KR101856202B1 (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2018-05-10 | 대림산업 주식회사 | Polyolefin polymerization catalyst including modified carrier and method of producing polyolefin using the same |
WO2018017180A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Rotomolded compositions, articles, and processes for making the same |
EP3519446B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2021-05-19 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
BR112019005991B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2023-05-09 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc | POLYMERIZATION PROCESS |
WO2018063765A1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
WO2018063767A1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
WO2018063764A1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2018-04-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
BR112019005989B1 (en) | 2016-09-27 | 2023-05-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc | POLYMERIZATION PROCESS |
EP3519474A1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2019-08-07 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Process for preparing multi- or dual-headed compositions useful for chain shuttling |
WO2018064553A1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Multi- or dual-headed compositions useful for chain shuttling and process to prepare the same |
BR112019006150B1 (en) | 2016-09-30 | 2023-02-28 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE COMPOSITION |
WO2018067289A1 (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2018-04-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Sterically hindered metallocenes, synthesis and use |
CN109996820A (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2019-07-09 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Metallocene catalyst, catalyst system and the method using it |
WO2018071250A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2018-04-19 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Oriented films comprising ethylene-based and methods of making same |
WO2018075243A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2018-04-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Supported catalyst systems and methods of using same |
WO2018075245A1 (en) | 2016-10-19 | 2018-04-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Mixed catalyst systems and methods of using the same |
EP3542151B1 (en) | 2016-11-17 | 2020-09-02 | Univation Technologies, LLC | Methods of measuring solids content in a slurry catalyst composition |
JP6934518B2 (en) | 2016-11-18 | 2021-09-15 | エクソンモービル ケミカル パテンツ インコーポレイテッド | Polymerization method using a chromium-containing catalyst |
WO2018102080A1 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patens Inc. | Olefin polymerization catalyst systems and methods for making the same |
WO2018102091A1 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2018-06-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene films |
EP3559051B1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2021-03-24 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
WO2018118155A1 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2018-06-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization process |
US10563055B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2020-02-18 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Carpet compositions and methods of making the same |
CN114395065A (en) | 2016-12-22 | 2022-04-26 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Spray-dried olefin polymerization catalyst composition and polymerization process using the same |
WO2018134007A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. | Method for feeding a fluid to a gas phase polymerization reactor |
WO2018144139A1 (en) | 2017-02-03 | 2018-08-09 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods for making polyethylene polymers |
US11311870B2 (en) | 2017-02-07 | 2022-04-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Processes for reducing the loss of catalyst activity of a Ziegler-Natta catalyst |
KR20190112293A (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2019-10-04 | 엑손모빌 케미칼 패턴츠 인코포레이티드 | Group 4 catalyst compound and method of using the same |
WO2018151903A1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Supported catalyst systems and processes for use thereof |
WO2018151790A1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Hafnocene catalyst compounds and process for use thereof |
WO2018151904A1 (en) | 2017-02-20 | 2018-08-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Group 4 catalyst compounds and process for use thereof |
EP3596146B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2023-07-19 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Catalyst system for multi-block copolymer formation |
SG11201908306TA (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2019-10-30 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Catalyst system for multi-block copolymer formation |
US20200247936A1 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2020-08-06 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Catalyst system for multi-block copolymer formation |
KR102648625B1 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2024-03-19 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | Catalyst system for forming multi-block copolymers |
CN110582518B (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2022-08-09 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | Catalyst system for forming multi-block copolymers |
WO2018187047A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Cast films and processes for making the same |
US11193008B2 (en) | 2017-04-10 | 2021-12-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods for making polyolefin polymer compositions |
RU2744002C1 (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2021-03-01 | ШЕВРОН ФИЛЛИПС КЕМИКАЛ КОМПАНИ ЭлПи (CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP) | Regeneration of dehydrator in polyolefin production process cleaner disconnected from system |
WO2018208414A1 (en) | 2017-05-10 | 2018-11-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalyst systems and processes for using the same |
CN110603092A (en) | 2017-05-17 | 2019-12-20 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃股份有限公司 | Fluidized bed reactor with multiple recycle gas inlet nozzles |
CA2969627C (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2024-01-16 | Nova Chemicals Corporation | Ethylene copolymer having enhanced film properties |
WO2018226311A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene blends and extrudates and methods of making the same |
WO2019022801A1 (en) | 2017-07-24 | 2019-01-31 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene films and methods od making the same |
CN111094366B (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2022-06-24 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Polyethylene compositions and films made therefrom |
US11046796B2 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2021-06-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Films made from polyethylene compositions and processes for making same |
CN111108130B (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2022-06-28 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Has the advantages ofcontaining-CH2-SiMe3Hybrid catalysts of partially unbridged hafnocenes |
WO2019027586A1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Mixed catalysts with 2, 6-bis(imino)pyridy| iron complexes and bridged hafnocenes |
WO2019083609A1 (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2019-05-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene compositions and articles made therefrom |
CN111344316B (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2023-02-03 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Polyethylene compositions and articles made therefrom |
US10927202B2 (en) | 2017-11-13 | 2021-02-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene compositions and articles made therefrom |
EP3710501A2 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2020-09-23 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization processes |
US11015002B2 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2021-05-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization processes |
WO2019099589A1 (en) | 2017-11-15 | 2019-05-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization processes |
US11479624B2 (en) | 2017-11-17 | 2022-10-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | PE-RT pipes and processes for making the same |
CN111511781B (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2023-07-11 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Catalyst system and polymerization process using the same |
US10934376B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2021-03-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene compositions and films made therefrom |
WO2019108327A1 (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2019-06-06 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Films comprising polyethylene composition |
CN111433229B (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2022-12-13 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Catalyst system and polymerization process using the same |
WO2019118073A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-20 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Deactivation methods for active components from gas phase polyolefin polymerization process |
US10202537B1 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-02-12 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Cement compositions comprising high viscosity elastomers on a solid support |
CN111902467B (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2022-11-11 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Processability of LLDPE enhanced by addition of ultra high molecular weight high density polyethylene |
WO2019160710A1 (en) | 2018-02-19 | 2019-08-22 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Catalysts, catalyst systems, and methods for using the same |
WO2019173030A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 | 2019-09-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods of preparing and monitoring a seed bed for polymerization reactor startup |
CN108380141A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-10 | 安丽华 | Bubbling bed reactor, methyl methacrylate production equipment |
WO2019182982A1 (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2019-09-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Multiple non-coordinating anion activators for propylene-ethylene-diene monomer polymerization reactions |
CN111770940A (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2020-10-13 | 尤尼威蒂恩技术有限责任公司 | Catalyst formulations |
WO2019206602A1 (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2019-10-31 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method for drying wet polymer composition |
US11414436B2 (en) | 2018-04-26 | 2022-08-16 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Non-coordinating anion type activators containing cation having large alkyl groups |
US11441023B2 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2022-09-13 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene films and methods of making the same |
WO2019213227A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods for scale-up from a pilot plant to a larger production facility |
WO2019217173A1 (en) | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods for scale-up from a pilot plant to a larger production facility |
US10792609B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2020-10-06 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Nitrogen conservation in polymerization processes |
EP3797132A1 (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2021-03-31 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods for forming films and their related computing devices |
CN110559845B (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2022-06-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Chemical treatment method of butadiene component-containing organic waste gas |
CN110559844B (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2022-06-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Chemical pretreatment method for organic waste gas containing styrene component |
WO2019246069A1 (en) | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-26 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene compositions and films prepared therefrom |
WO2020046406A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polymerization processes and polymers made therefrom |
CN111100226B (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2023-03-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Production method capable of adjusting rigidity-toughness balance of impact-resistant polypropylene |
EP3873951A2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2021-09-08 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | In-line trimming of dry catalyst feed |
US11168157B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 | 2021-11-09 | Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp | Melt flow index response in polyethylene reactors |
WO2020139492A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2020-07-02 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Propylene-based spunbond fabrics with faster crystallization time |
WO2020190510A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2020-09-24 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods for improving gas phase polymerization |
US20220119563A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 | 2022-04-21 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Methods For Improving Production In Gas Phase Polymerization |
EP3956387A1 (en) | 2019-04-17 | 2022-02-23 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for improving uv weatherability of thermoplastic vulcanizates |
US10717061B1 (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2020-07-21 | X Energy, Llc | Fluidized bed reactor system allowing particle sampling during an ongoing reaction |
EP3999586A1 (en) | 2019-07-17 | 2022-05-25 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Ethylene-based copolymer and propylene-alpha-olefin-diene compositions for use in layered articles |
US11820841B2 (en) | 2020-01-28 | 2023-11-21 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Reducing accumulation of C6+ hydrocarbon components in polyolefin gas-phase reactors |
WO2021154442A1 (en) | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Polyethylene films having high tear strength |
CN115427464A (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2022-12-02 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Lewis base catalyst and process therefor |
EP4110833A1 (en) | 2020-02-26 | 2023-01-04 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Highly efficient c6 inert vent for gas phase polyethylene production |
WO2021188256A1 (en) | 2020-03-18 | 2021-09-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Extrusion blow molded articles and processes for making same |
WO2021188361A1 (en) | 2020-03-20 | 2021-09-23 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Linear alpha-olefin copolymers and impact copolymers thereof |
EP4133004B1 (en) | 2020-04-07 | 2024-04-03 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | High density polyethylene for rigid articles |
CN111285947B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-03-16 | 东莞巨正源科技有限公司 | Production process and production line of green environment-friendly polypropylene thin-wall injection molding material |
WO2021236322A1 (en) | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Extrusion blow molded containers and processes for making same |
EP4171791A1 (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2023-05-03 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Processes for reducing shutdown time of sub-systems in low-density polyethylene production |
WO2022010622A1 (en) | 2020-07-07 | 2022-01-13 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Processes for making 3-d objects from blends of polyethylene and polar polymers |
CN116209683A (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2023-06-02 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Method for delivering non-aromatic solutions to a polymerization reactor |
WO2022047449A1 (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2022-03-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | High density polyethylene compositions with exceptional physical properties |
US20230322972A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 | 2023-10-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Supported Catalyst Systems and Processes for Use Thereof |
CN116490525A (en) | 2020-11-19 | 2023-07-25 | 埃克森美孚化学专利公司 | Polyolefin discharge process and apparatus |
US20230416418A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2023-12-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Metallocene polypropylene prepared using aromatic solvent-free supports |
US20240018278A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2024-01-18 | ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company-Chem | Improved Process to Prepare Catalyst from In-Situ Formed Alumoxane |
WO2022108971A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Toluene free supported methylalumoxane precursor |
CN116568389A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2023-08-08 | 巴塞尔聚烯烃股份有限公司 | Reactor for gas phase olefin polymerization |
KR20240017932A (en) | 2021-06-10 | 2024-02-08 | 다우 글로벌 테크놀로지스 엘엘씨 | Catalyst compositions with modified activity and their manufacturing processes |
WO2023042155A1 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-03-23 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Olefin polymerization catalyst system and polymerization process |
CA3231623A1 (en) | 2021-09-20 | 2023-03-23 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Process of making catalytically-active prepolymer composition and compositions made thereby |
WO2023081577A1 (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Polyethylene compositions, articles thereof, and methods thereof |
WO2023187552A1 (en) | 2022-03-22 | 2023-10-05 | Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. | Organometallic complex, olefin polymerization catalyst system and polymerization process |
WO2023244901A1 (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Ethylene-based polymers, articles made therefrom, and processes for making same |
WO2023250240A1 (en) | 2022-06-24 | 2023-12-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Low cost processes of in-situ mao supportation and the derived finished polyolefin catalysts |
WO2024056538A1 (en) | 2022-09-12 | 2024-03-21 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. | Fluidized-bed reactor for the gas-phase polymerization of olefins |
WO2024056539A1 (en) | 2022-09-12 | 2024-03-21 | Basell Poliolefine Italia S.R.L. | Fluidized-bed reactor for the gas-phase polymerization of olefins |
Family Cites Families (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL89085C (en) * | 1954-06-25 | |||
NL248023A (en) * | 1956-02-08 | 1900-01-01 | ||
NL283120A (en) * | 1961-09-28 | |||
BE632184A (en) * | 1962-05-11 | |||
GB1288230A (en) * | 1968-09-24 | 1972-09-06 | ||
DE1805765C3 (en) * | 1968-10-29 | 1980-09-11 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Process for the polymerization of propylene |
US3709954A (en) | 1970-03-16 | 1973-01-09 | Union Carbide Corp | Preparation of liquid polymers of olefins |
AU445455B2 (en) * | 1970-10-02 | 1974-02-06 | Union Carbide Australia Ltd | Continuous process for producing solid particulate polymers of olefinically unsaturated compounds |
US4012573A (en) * | 1970-10-09 | 1977-03-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Method of removing heat from polymerization reactions of monomers in the gas phase |
US3709853A (en) | 1971-04-29 | 1973-01-09 | Union Carbide Corp | Polymerization of ethylene using supported bis-(cyclopentadienyl)chromium(ii)catalysts |
US3779712A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1973-12-18 | Union Carbide Corp | Particulate solids injector apparatus |
US4148986A (en) * | 1975-02-27 | 1979-04-10 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Polymerization process |
US4077904A (en) | 1976-06-29 | 1978-03-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Olefin polymerization process and catalyst therefor |
DE2848964A1 (en) * | 1978-11-11 | 1980-05-22 | Bayer Ag | CATALYST, THE PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF FOR SOLUTION-POLYMERIZATION OF BUTADIENE |
US4383095A (en) * | 1979-02-16 | 1983-05-10 | Union Carbide Corporation | Process for the preparation of high density ethylene polymers in fluid bed reactor |
JPS564608A (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1981-01-19 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Vapor-phase polymerization of olefin |
US4376062A (en) | 1979-11-28 | 1983-03-08 | Union Carbide Corporation | Spheroidal polymerization catalyst, process for preparing, and use for ethylene polymerization |
US4379758A (en) * | 1980-12-24 | 1983-04-12 | Union Carbide Corporation | Catalyst composition for polymerizing ethylene |
US4876320A (en) * | 1981-03-26 | 1989-10-24 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Process for reducing sheeting during polymerization of alpha-olefins |
JPS5861107A (en) * | 1981-10-07 | 1983-04-12 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | Preparation of conjugated diene polymer |
US4543399A (en) * | 1982-03-24 | 1985-09-24 | Union Carbide Corporation | Fluidized bed reaction systems |
DZ520A1 (en) * | 1982-03-24 | 2004-09-13 | Union Carbide Corp | Improved process for increasing the space-time yield of an exothermic polymerization reaction in a fluidized bed. |
US4588790A (en) * | 1982-03-24 | 1986-05-13 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for fluidized bed polymerization |
DE3239883A1 (en) * | 1982-10-28 | 1984-05-10 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF COPOLYMERISATES OF ETHYLENE WITH HIGHER (ALPHA) MONOOLEFINS |
US4530914A (en) | 1983-06-06 | 1985-07-23 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Process and catalyst for producing polyethylene having a broad molecular weight distribution |
US4933149A (en) * | 1984-08-24 | 1990-06-12 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Fluidized bed polymerization reactors |
US4575538A (en) * | 1984-12-20 | 1986-03-11 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Olefin polymerization |
US4752597A (en) | 1985-12-12 | 1988-06-21 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | New polymerization catalyst |
US4981929A (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1991-01-01 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company, Inc. | Catalyst productivity in the polymerization of olefins |
US4665047A (en) | 1986-08-15 | 1987-05-12 | Shell Oil Company | Stabilization of metallocene/aluminoxane catalysts |
US4803251A (en) * | 1987-11-04 | 1989-02-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Method for reducing sheeting during polymerization of alpha-olefins |
FR2634486B1 (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1992-07-31 | Bp Chimie Sa | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR POLYMERIZATION OF GASEOUS OLEFINS IN A FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR, WITH INTRODUCTION OF AN ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUND |
US5218071A (en) | 1988-12-26 | 1993-06-08 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. | Ethylene random copolymers |
IT1230756B (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1991-10-29 | Enichem Elastomers | METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYBUTADIENE FOR IMPROVED WORKABILITY. |
US4994534A (en) * | 1989-09-28 | 1991-02-19 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Company Inc. | Process for producing sticky polymers |
JPH0415111A (en) * | 1990-05-07 | 1992-01-20 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Safety tire |
US5272236A (en) | 1991-10-15 | 1993-12-21 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantially linear olefin polymers |
DD296496A5 (en) * | 1990-07-12 | 1991-12-05 | Buna Ag,De | CATALYST SYSTEM FOR THE SOLVENT-FREE POLYMERIZATION OF 1,3-DIENES TO POLYDIENES |
JP2923383B2 (en) * | 1991-10-01 | 1999-07-26 | 出光石油化学株式会社 | Method for producing styrenic polymer |
US5200477A (en) * | 1991-02-22 | 1993-04-06 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for producing sticky polymers |
GB9107378D0 (en) * | 1991-04-08 | 1991-05-22 | Ici Plc | Olefin polymerisation |
US5278272A (en) | 1991-10-15 | 1994-01-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Elastic substantialy linear olefin polymers |
DE69309726T2 (en) * | 1992-01-23 | 1997-08-21 | Mitsui Petrochemical Ind | Ethylene / alpha olefin / 7-methyl-1,6-octadiene copolymer rubber and compositions thereof |
US5436304A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1995-07-25 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds |
US5352749A (en) * | 1992-03-19 | 1994-10-04 | Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc. | Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds |
US5317036A (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1994-05-31 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Gas phase polymerization reactions utilizing soluble unsupported catalysts |
FR2698290B1 (en) * | 1992-11-23 | 1995-03-24 | Michelin & Cie | Diolefin polymerization catalyst, process for its preparation and its application to the preparation of polymers. |
US5376743A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1994-12-27 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Process for the production of sticky polymers |
WO1994025495A1 (en) * | 1993-05-20 | 1994-11-10 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Process for polymerizing monomers in fluidized beds |
DE4334045A1 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-13 | Bayer Ag | Catalyst, its production and use for gas phase polymerization of conjugated dienes |
-
1994
- 1994-08-02 US US08284797 patent/US5453471B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-12 JP JP50675295A patent/JP3819933B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-08-02 ZA ZA956456A patent/ZA956456B/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 MY MYPI95002253A patent/MY115976A/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 EP EP95928287A patent/EP0773964B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 PL PL95318526A patent/PL318526A1/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 DE DE69530872T patent/DE69530872T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 CA CA002155236A patent/CA2155236C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-02 ZA ZA956458A patent/ZA956458B/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 AU AU32113/95A patent/AU691957B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-08-02 KR KR1019950023735A patent/KR100240565B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-02 ES ES95928725T patent/ES2153044T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 AT AT98105784T patent/ATE240978T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-02 PL PL95318527A patent/PL318527A1/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 AT AT95928289T patent/ATE184886T1/en active
- 1995-08-02 ZA ZA956457A patent/ZA956457B/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 BR BR9508517A patent/BR9508517A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-08-02 SK SK148-97A patent/SK14897A3/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 PL PL95318524A patent/PL318524A1/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 BR BR9508515A patent/BR9508515A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-02 WO PCT/US1995/009832 patent/WO1996004321A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-08-02 EP EP95928725A patent/EP0773965B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 HU HU9700296A patent/HUT78022A/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 CZ CZ97320A patent/CZ32097A3/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 HU HU9700332A patent/HUT76682A/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 CN CN95195203A patent/CN1158624A/en active Pending
- 1995-08-02 MX MX9700804A patent/MX9700804A/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 JP JP50675196A patent/JP3398959B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-02 CZ CZ97296A patent/CZ29697A3/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 DE DE69519171T patent/DE69519171T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 EP EP98105783A patent/EP0856531A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-08-02 DE DE69512421T patent/DE69512421T2/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-08-02 AT AT95928725T patent/ATE197055T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-02 CA CA002196676A patent/CA2196676A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-08-02 CN CN95195264A patent/CN1171793A/en active Pending
- 1995-08-02 CN CN95115846A patent/CN1069323C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-02 AU AU32114/95A patent/AU687604B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-08-02 MX MX9700803A patent/MX9700803A/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 CZ CZ97297A patent/CZ29797A3/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 AT AT95928287T patent/ATE199161T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-02 JP JP50675296A patent/JP3157166B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-02 EP EP95928289A patent/EP0773963B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1995-08-02 HU HU9700297A patent/HUT78018A/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 KR KR1019970700876A patent/KR100256716B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-02 MX MX9700805A patent/MX9700805A/en unknown
- 1995-08-02 CA CA002196664A patent/CA2196664A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-08-02 ES ES98105784T patent/ES2194244T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 CA CA002196675A patent/CA2196675A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-08-02 WO PCT/US1995/009826 patent/WO1996004322A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-08-02 US US08/510,375 patent/US5834571A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-02 AU AU32373/95A patent/AU692586B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-08-02 ES ES95928287T patent/ES2156943T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 WO PCT/US1995/009827 patent/WO1996004323A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-08-02 KR KR1019970700667A patent/KR100250842B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-02 DE DE69520103T patent/DE69520103T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 JP JP7228489A patent/JP3065234B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-08-02 KR KR1019970700761A patent/KR100256717B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-08-02 EP EP98105784A patent/EP0856530B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 EP EP95305400A patent/EP0697421A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-08-02 ES ES95928289T patent/ES2143062T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-08-02 BR BR9503534A patent/BR9503534A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-08-15 TW TW084108515A patent/TW311142B/zh active
- 1995-09-19 TW TW084109829A patent/TW293018B/zh active
- 1995-10-26 TW TW084111275A patent/TW300231B/zh active
-
1997
- 1997-02-03 NO NO970464A patent/NO970464L/en unknown
- 1997-02-03 FI FI970457A patent/FI970457A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1998
- 1998-10-27 US US09/179,218 patent/US6096840A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CA2155236C (en) | Gas phase polymerization process | |
ES2209306T3 (en) | PROCEDURE TO POLYMERIZE MONOMEROS IN FLUIDIZED MILKS. | |
RU2120947C1 (en) | Method of gas-phase polymerization in fluidized layer | |
US4588790A (en) | Method for fluidized bed polymerization | |
EP1633466B2 (en) | Process for the catalytic polymerization of olefins, a reactor system and its use in the process. | |
US4543399A (en) | Fluidized bed reaction systems | |
RU2600550C1 (en) | Treatment method of polyolefin particles produced by gas-phase polymerization | |
EP0089691A2 (en) | Continuous process for the production of polymer in a fluidized bed reactor | |
JPH0647606B2 (en) | Method for producing tacky polymer | |
AU750242B2 (en) | Polymerisation process | |
KR20010112491A (en) | Fluidised bed polymerisation | |
EP2331585B1 (en) | Method for the production of polymers | |
EP1549687B1 (en) | Polymerization process | |
US5633333A (en) | Process for polymerizing olefin in gas phase | |
CA2068785A1 (en) | Degassing process for removing unpolymerized monomers from olefin polymers | |
EP1348721B2 (en) | Process for producing polyolefin | |
JP3295640B2 (en) | Improved gas fluidized bed polymerization process |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
EEER | Examination request | ||
MKLA | Lapsed |