CA2154162A1 - Forward viewing imaging catheter - Google Patents
Forward viewing imaging catheterInfo
- Publication number
- CA2154162A1 CA2154162A1 CA002154162A CA2154162A CA2154162A1 CA 2154162 A1 CA2154162 A1 CA 2154162A1 CA 002154162 A CA002154162 A CA 002154162A CA 2154162 A CA2154162 A CA 2154162A CA 2154162 A1 CA2154162 A1 CA 2154162A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- transducer
- tubular member
- catheter
- catheter system
- recited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/12—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
- A61B8/445—Details of catheter construction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4444—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device related to the probe
- A61B8/4461—Features of the scanning mechanism, e.g. for moving the transducer within the housing of the probe
Abstract
An intraluminal imaging catheter system for viewing segments of vessels downstream of the catheter itself is provided. The catheter system incorporates an ultrasonic transducer (5) pivotally mounted adjacent the catheter's distal end (11). A flexible drive means (7) disposed within a flexible tubular member (3) adapted for insertion into the vessel causes the transducer (5) to pivot back and forth to scan a segment of the vessel. Optionally, the forward viewing catheter system of the present invention may be combined with a work element such as a biopsy tool or other device for use in conjunction with the imaging capability.
Description
215 416 2 PCT~S94/00~
FOR~aRD VIE~IN~ T~GING CA.~V
R~ ~O~ND OF ~R~ TNVRNTTON
l. Field of the ~nvent-;on The present invention relates generally to a device and method for ultrasonic intraluminal imaging. More particularly, an intravascular catheter is provided for imaging a portion of a blood vessel in a plane ext~n~i~g axially from the tip of the catheter. The catheter system of the present invention may also include an additional diagnostic or interventional work element for use in conjunction with the imaging element.
FOR~aRD VIE~IN~ T~GING CA.~V
R~ ~O~ND OF ~R~ TNVRNTTON
l. Field of the ~nvent-;on The present invention relates generally to a device and method for ultrasonic intraluminal imaging. More particularly, an intravascular catheter is provided for imaging a portion of a blood vessel in a plane ext~n~i~g axially from the tip of the catheter. The catheter system of the present invention may also include an additional diagnostic or interventional work element for use in conjunction with the imaging element.
2. Des~ription of the Backgro~ Art Arteriosclerosis, also known as atherosclerosis, is a common human ailment arising from the deposition of fatty-like substances, referred to as atheromas or plaque, on the walls of blood ~ . Such deposits G~ in both peripheral blood v6~ that feed the limbs of the body and the coronary ve~^el~ which feed the heart. When the deposits accumulate in localized regions of a blood v~ , stenoæis, or narrowing of the v~ Ar chAnn^l~ o~ . Blood flow is lecL~icted and the person' 5 health is at serious risk.
Numerous approA~h~ for re~tlci nq and removing such vA~c~llAr depo~its have been ~Lv~ , including balloon angiopla~ty where a balloon-tipped catheter is used to dilate a region of atheroma, atheractomy where a blade or cutting bit is used to sever and remove the atheroma, spark gap reduction in which an electrical spark burnæ through the plaque and laser angioplasty where laser energy is used to ablate at least a portion of the atheroma.
A major difficulty in using such devices is obtAining images and information on the region of the blood vessel to be treated. To overcome this difficulty, several te~h~iques have been ~v~ for intraluminal imaging of v~clllAr vessels.
WO9J/~g~ PCT~S94/00~ ~
Catheters incorporating ultrasonic tr~n~ c~rs for imaging are disclosed in U.S. Patents Nos. 4,794,931; 5,000,185; 5,049,130;
and 5,024,234. However, these catheters scan in a plane normal to the catheter axis. While such catheters are very useful for examining deposits adjacent to their distal tips, they are generally i~r~pAhle of imaging the vessel downstream of the catheter.
Such downstream viewing would be u~eful in a variety of circum~tAn~e~. For example, it would provide a visual determination of whether there ic a ch~nnpl through which a guide wire or catheter may be passed. Moreover, downstream viewing could provide information to help the physician to determine which type of intravascular device would be most suitable for reducing the s~enosis. Finally, downstream viewing can be invaluable as an aid in directing and using interventional and diagnostic devices and avoiding accidental penetration of the vessel wall.
U.S. Patent No. 4,S76,177 to Webster describes a laser catheter having an ultrasonic tr~ cer mounted at a fixed angle of inclination to the catheter tip. The trAn~
is not movable with respect to the catheter tip however, a~d is therefore only capable of imaging along a line fixed with respect to the cathete~ body.
U.S. Patent No. 4,587,972 to Morantte discloses a catheter appar~tus having an array of transducing elements.
The elements are sequentially excited to obtain an image distal to the catheter. Such rh~ array devices are very complicated and therefore costly to fabricate~ Their resolution and ability to s~eer the beam through a wide range of angle~ are limited by the number of elements provided.
It would be desirable to provide a catheter apparatus capable of imaging a blo~d vessel downstream of the catheter itself. It would be desirable if such a catheter were capable of sç~nn; n~ a region o~ the blood vessel in a plane located 3S forward of the catheter. Such a catheter should be of relatively simple design to allow for compact construction and reliability of use. Additionally, it would be desirable to combine such a forward viewing catheter with an additional ~ W094/16625 ~ I 5 ~ 1 6 2 PCT~Sg4/00~4 working element to provide the catheter system with a further diagnostic or interventional capability.
RUMMARy OF ~R~ ~v~.~O~
According to the present invention, a catheter system and device are provided that are capable of forward or "downstream" imaging of blood v6s~^l~ and other body lumens and cavities within a patient. The catheter includeæ a flexible tllh~l ~r member adapted for insertion into the vessel and an ultra~onic trAn~Allc~r di~ near the distal end of said flexible tllh~ r member. A mechAni~m is provided for oscillating the tr~n~llcer about a transverse axis (i.e., an axis normal to the longit~lA;n~l axis of the tllhlll~r member.
The ultrasonic transducer is adapted to transmit and receive ultra onic signals in a direction substantially forward of said distal extremity and is coupled to external video image processing circuitry which can thus present the desired forward view.
In a Cpeci fic embodiment, the ultrasonic tr~n~nrer i~ coupled to a flexible drive cable rotationally ~ o:cd in a lumen of the tllhlllAr member. The trAnC~ r i8 me~h~n i cally coupled to the drive cable by a me~n;cm that C~1~V~ Ls of rotation of the drive member into pivotal oscillation of the tr~n~lc~r with respect to the tnhlllAr member. This causes the transducer to scan a segment of the ves~el in a plane aligned projecting forward of the catheter.
In another aspect of the invention, an imaging catheter system is combined with a biopsy device for sampling a deposit within the vessel. The biopsy device is di~poc~ to permit simul~Ar?c~ imaging and sampling of the deposit. Other work elements are possible as well. The~e additional work elements could include lasers, mech~nical cutters, angioplasty balloons and the like, all of which are known in the art.
Numerous approA~h~ for re~tlci nq and removing such vA~c~llAr depo~its have been ~Lv~ , including balloon angiopla~ty where a balloon-tipped catheter is used to dilate a region of atheroma, atheractomy where a blade or cutting bit is used to sever and remove the atheroma, spark gap reduction in which an electrical spark burnæ through the plaque and laser angioplasty where laser energy is used to ablate at least a portion of the atheroma.
A major difficulty in using such devices is obtAining images and information on the region of the blood vessel to be treated. To overcome this difficulty, several te~h~iques have been ~v~ for intraluminal imaging of v~clllAr vessels.
WO9J/~g~ PCT~S94/00~ ~
Catheters incorporating ultrasonic tr~n~ c~rs for imaging are disclosed in U.S. Patents Nos. 4,794,931; 5,000,185; 5,049,130;
and 5,024,234. However, these catheters scan in a plane normal to the catheter axis. While such catheters are very useful for examining deposits adjacent to their distal tips, they are generally i~r~pAhle of imaging the vessel downstream of the catheter.
Such downstream viewing would be u~eful in a variety of circum~tAn~e~. For example, it would provide a visual determination of whether there ic a ch~nnpl through which a guide wire or catheter may be passed. Moreover, downstream viewing could provide information to help the physician to determine which type of intravascular device would be most suitable for reducing the s~enosis. Finally, downstream viewing can be invaluable as an aid in directing and using interventional and diagnostic devices and avoiding accidental penetration of the vessel wall.
U.S. Patent No. 4,S76,177 to Webster describes a laser catheter having an ultrasonic tr~ cer mounted at a fixed angle of inclination to the catheter tip. The trAn~
is not movable with respect to the catheter tip however, a~d is therefore only capable of imaging along a line fixed with respect to the cathete~ body.
U.S. Patent No. 4,587,972 to Morantte discloses a catheter appar~tus having an array of transducing elements.
The elements are sequentially excited to obtain an image distal to the catheter. Such rh~ array devices are very complicated and therefore costly to fabricate~ Their resolution and ability to s~eer the beam through a wide range of angle~ are limited by the number of elements provided.
It would be desirable to provide a catheter apparatus capable of imaging a blo~d vessel downstream of the catheter itself. It would be desirable if such a catheter were capable of sç~nn; n~ a region o~ the blood vessel in a plane located 3S forward of the catheter. Such a catheter should be of relatively simple design to allow for compact construction and reliability of use. Additionally, it would be desirable to combine such a forward viewing catheter with an additional ~ W094/16625 ~ I 5 ~ 1 6 2 PCT~Sg4/00~4 working element to provide the catheter system with a further diagnostic or interventional capability.
RUMMARy OF ~R~ ~v~.~O~
According to the present invention, a catheter system and device are provided that are capable of forward or "downstream" imaging of blood v6s~^l~ and other body lumens and cavities within a patient. The catheter includeæ a flexible tllh~l ~r member adapted for insertion into the vessel and an ultra~onic trAn~Allc~r di~ near the distal end of said flexible tllh~ r member. A mechAni~m is provided for oscillating the tr~n~llcer about a transverse axis (i.e., an axis normal to the longit~lA;n~l axis of the tllhlll~r member.
The ultrasonic transducer is adapted to transmit and receive ultra onic signals in a direction substantially forward of said distal extremity and is coupled to external video image processing circuitry which can thus present the desired forward view.
In a Cpeci fic embodiment, the ultrasonic tr~n~nrer i~ coupled to a flexible drive cable rotationally ~ o:cd in a lumen of the tllhlllAr member. The trAnC~ r i8 me~h~n i cally coupled to the drive cable by a me~n;cm that C~1~V~ Ls of rotation of the drive member into pivotal oscillation of the tr~n~lc~r with respect to the tnhlllAr member. This causes the transducer to scan a segment of the ves~el in a plane aligned projecting forward of the catheter.
In another aspect of the invention, an imaging catheter system is combined with a biopsy device for sampling a deposit within the vessel. The biopsy device is di~poc~ to permit simul~Ar?c~ imaging and sampling of the deposit. Other work elements are possible as well. The~e additional work elements could include lasers, mech~nical cutters, angioplasty balloons and the like, all of which are known in the art.
3 ~ ~PT~F D~8CRIPTION OF T~ DRA~ING8 Fig. 1 is a side sectional view of a catheter having a forward viewing imaging capability according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a catheter tip in accordance with the present invention illustrating the planar scanning capability.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged side sectional view of a portion of Fig. 1 showing an assembled mechanism for converting rotation of a drive shaft into pivotal oscillation of an ultrasonic transducer.
Fig. 4 - 6 are multi-view orthogonal depictions of separate parts of the mechanism depicted in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a timing and control system suitable for use in the present invention.
Figs. 8A - 8C illustrate the parts and assembly of an inductive coupling device for electrically connecting the connecting the ultrasonic transducer to the timing and control system.
Fig. 9 is a side sectional view of a forward viewing imaging catheter according to the present invention combined with a biopsy tool for sampling a deposit within a blood vessel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
A catheter system according to the present invention is illustrated in Figure 1. The catheter system comprises a flexible tubular member 3, an ultrasonic transducer 5 and drive means 7. Tubular member 3 has a proximal end 9, a distal end 11 and a central lumen 13 connecting the two. Drive means 7 comprises a drive cable 15 rotatably disposed within central lumen 13 and a motor coupling 17 at the proximal end of the drive cable.
Ultrasonic transducer 5 is disposed within a distal housing 14 at distal end 11 of tubular member 3. The transducer is adapted for pivotal movement relative to the tubular member. The distal end of drive cable 15 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer by a coupling mechanism 19, which is adapted to convert rotation of the drive cable into pivotal oscillation of the ultrasonic transducer. Transducer 5 is shielded by a cover 6. The cover protects the transducer from interference by tissue within the patient and the patient from 5 21 S I 16 2 PCT~S94/00~4 internal injury from contact with the rapidly oscillating trAn~ r. Cover 6 is màde of a acoustically transparent material to allow the transmission of the acoustic waves sent and received by tr~n~ cer 5.
5 The pivotal motion of the ultrasonic tr~n~A-~cer may be conveniently understood with reference to Fig. 2, which depicts the distal end ll of ~ r member 3, within which trAnr~llror 5 i8 mounted. TrAn~AllGer 5 pivots within the tl~h~lAr member about an axis Z and Rweeps back and forth through an angle ~ lying within a plane X-Y.
Distal housing 14 and coupling me~hA~icm l9 are shown in greater detail in Fig. 3. The distal housing holds the coupling mech~ni~m. The coupling mechAni~m comprises three main parts: a transducer holder 20, which has a receptacle 2l in which the transducer is held; an actuator 22 for driving the tr~n~ c~r holder; and a stator 23, about which the trAn~ r holder pivots.
Figure 4 is a three view orthogonal projection of distal housing 14. As can be seen therein, the distal housing has mounting holes 24 and 25 and a ro~YiAl or~ninq 26.
Actuator 22 is depicted in a two view orthogonal projection in Fig. 5. The actuator has a shaft 28 and an actuator pin 3l set into concave surface 33. The actuator pin i8 set at an angle ~ to the center line of the actuator and the shaft. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, angle ~ is about 45 de~ e-~5 but the angle may vary without departing from the principles of the invention.
Figure 6 is a two view projection of tr~n~ cer holder ~0 and stator 23 disposed therethrough. As mentioned previously, the tr~nC~llr~r holder has a receptacle 21 for holding the tr~nr~ er. The tr~n~ er holder also has a slot 36 cu~ into a rounded back surface 38. Slot 36 is adapted for cooreration with actuator pin 3l of actuator 22 and this will be described in more detail below.
Referring back to Fig. 3, the integration of the parts depicted in Figs. 4 - 6 into the catheter system will now be described. Shaft 28 of actuator 22 is rotatably ~i ~ro~
W094/166~ PCT~S94/00~4 ~
2~$ ~ 6 ~hrough COAY;A1 opon;7-g 26 of distal housing 14. The CO~;A1 O7P~n; ~7g acts as a bearing to support the rotating shaft.
The ends of stator 23 are fixed (e.g., by a press fit) within mounting holes 24 and 2S of the distal housing.
TrAncA1lc~r holder 20 is pivotally disposed about the stator.
A pair of coil~ or windings ~i~ro~ around the stator act as an inductive coupling 45 for electrical coupling of tr~n~ cer 5 to an associated unL ol means. The construction and function of inductive coupling 4S is Ai ~Cl~C~ in detail below.
Actuator pin 31 is di~ for ~ooperation with slot 36. The width of slot 36 is slightly greater than the diameter of actuator pin 31 so that the pin may slide and rotate within the slot. The pin and slot are thus configured to convert rotation of actuator 22 into pivotal oscillation of tr~nc~tlcer lS holder 20 about stator 23.
System control circuitry 50 suitable for controlling the trAn~ r is illustrated schematically in Fig. 7. The control circuitry, which can be formed of substantially conventional equipment, includes a timing and control means 54, a transmitter 57 and a receiver 58 with a transmit/receive switch 59, and a display unit 60, typically including a CRT
tube for displaying an image from within the blood vessel.
In operation, timing and CGllLr ol means 54 sends pulses to transmitter 57. Transmitter 57 generates voltage for excitation of the tr~ns~ r 5. The tr~n~t~r generates ultrasonic energy waves which emanate forwardly into the blood vessel. Portions of the ultrasonic energy waves reflect fro~
tis~ues within the vessel and are reflected back to the trAnCA1lc~r. The tr~nc~l~cer receives these reflected waves and cunvelLs them into electrical signals which are sent back to receiver 58 through cQ~ cting wires 62 and 64. The signals are amplified and processed by display unit 60, which ~o.l~erLs the signals into a visual display of the structure of the ves~el .
3s The tr~nC~lcer is switched between its send and receive modes by transmit/receive switch 59. Timing and ~o,-LLûl means 54 controls drive motor 67, which may be an open loop stepping motor or a closed loop servomotor. Motor 67 W094~16625 PCT~S94/00~4 rotates drive cable 15, which, as disr~ ed above, causes the tr~nCAnc~r to scan back and forth through an arc within the blood vessel.
The ~c~n~ arc (~ in Fig. 2) will be 90 degrees in S the emhoA iment depicted where actuator pin 31 is set at a 45 degree angle (~ in Fig. 5) to the axis of actuator shaft 28.
Drive cable 15 is preferably rotated at a constant angular velocity. Eighteen l~ e~ (1800) rpm is suitable rota~ion speed for the emhoA;ment depicted. This translates to a trAn~A~lc~r scan rate of 30 o~cillAtions per recnn~ ~ a rate sufficient to provide good image detail with an acceptable image refresh rate. The transducer firing rate is coordinated with it~ pivotal movement by system controller 50. It will be understood that the actual tr~n~ncer oscillation rate could be varied significantly within the scope of this invention.
Electrical signals are carried between the system controller and the træn~llcer through ~on~llcting wires 62 and 64. The diætal ends of these wires could be attached to the tr~n~llc~r in a conventional manner, e.g. by soldering. If this were done, sufficient slack would need to be left in the wires ~o allow for the pivotal o~cillAtion of the transducer.
Direct ~o~n~ ~ion of wires 62 and 64 to the trAnC~llcer is problematic howe~L, because of the high speed cyclic hon~ i ng that directly conn?~ted wires would have to el,d~Le. As mentioned above, a typical trAnCAll~r oscillation rate will be about 30 oscillations per -?-Q~ . Under sustAin use, there is a very significant potential for fatigue failure either of the wires or the soldered connection between them and the tr~n~ cor. A failure at either of these points would disable the ~ystem.
For these reA~on~, it is advantageous to eliminate the problem of flexing within wires 62 and 64 by using an indirect connection to electrically couple the wires to the trAnF~nC~r. An inductive coupling 45 adapted to this purpose is shown in place in Fig. 3.
The details and construction of inductive coupling 45 are depicted in Figs. 8A - 8C. Figure 8A depicts a stator assembly in detail. As can be seen therein, a wire channel 80, 6~ PCT~S94/00~ ~
2 ~ 8 comprising r~nn^l segments 81 and 82, is bored partially through stator 23 from each end. A w;n~ing groove 85 is cut into the surface near the middle of the stator and stator holes 87 and 88 are drilled into the stator to co~n~ct wi n~ i ng groove 85 to chann~l segments 81 and 82.
Co..LLoller wire 90 is then fed through one ~h~n~el segment, turned a number of times around the stator at win~ing groove 85, and fed out of the other ~h~nnel segment. The turns of wire 90 within wi~Ainq ~Loo~e 85 form a stator wi~ing 93 around stator 23. The number of turns in wtn~ing 93 may obviously vary but in one preferred emhoAiment there are thirteen turns.
A rotator assembly is depicted in detail in Fig. 8B.
A rotator 100 has an inside diameter slightly larger than the outside diameter of stator 23 so that the rotator may be disposed to turn about the stator. Along a portion 103 of its length, rotator 100 has an even larger inside diameter to accommodate a win~i nq 105 of trAnr~llcor wire 108 and a retA i n i ~g sleeve 110.
Rotator holes 113 and 114 are bored through the wall of rotator 100. Tr~n-~llcer wire 108 is fed through one o~ the holes, wound a number of times about the inside of the rotator to form a rotator winAi~g lOS, and finally fed back out through the 5~cQ~A of the holes. Ret~i n i ng sleeve 110 is then fitted within rotator 100 to hold rotator wi n~ i ng 105 in place.
Rotator wi n~ i ng 105 will typically have the same number of turns as stator winAing 93; in a preferred embodiment, thirteen.
As depicted in Fig. 8C, the rotator assembly is rotatably disposed about the stator a~sembly so that the windings are aligned with each other to form inductive coupling 45. An electrical current flowing within co~lLLoller wire 90 will pass through stator win~ing 93 ~i~pQ~^~ within rotator Wi ~ i ng 105 . This will in~llre a corrPcpQ~i ng electrical current within rotator wi n~ i ~q 105 which will flow through tr~nC~ r wire 108. The reverse will also be true--a current flowing through the transducer wire will in~llce a current within the ~Gl~L~oller wire.
~ W094/166~ 215 4 1 6 2 PCT~S94/00~
Inductive coupling 45 is incorporated into the system as depicted in Figs. 1 and 3. The two ends of stator 23 are pre~s fit into mounting holes 24 and 25 of distal housing 14.
The rotator is fixed within trAnA~tlrer holder 20, which pivots - 5 about the stator. The two ends 91 and 92 of ~ollL~oller wire 90 are rou ed back through tl~hlll;tr m~mber 3, and serve as onAllcting wires 62 and 64. TrAn~llrer wire 108 is directly c~r.Acted at each end to tr~n~ c-r 5.
Referring to Fig. 1, ~llh ll ~r member 3 of the catheter system has a three arm adaptor 120 at its proximal end. A
first arm 122 of three arm adaptor 3 has rQnA~cting wires 62 and 64 routed through it and is adapted for connection with system ~ oller 50 (Fig. 7).
A rs ~n~ arm 123 of the three arm adaptor has a fill port 124 and a fill ~-h~nn-l 125 in communication with central lumen 13 of the t~hl~lAr member. Before imaging, a fluid suitable for the transmission of ultrasonic signals will be injected into fill port 124. The fluid will fill the tllhlll ~r member of the catheter system and flush air bubbles (which could interfere with imaging) out of the region of the trAn~A~ er~ along central lumen 13, and through a drain r~nr^
127 and a drain port 128 of a third arm 129 of the three arm adaptor .
Electrical impulses will then be sent from the 2S o~.,LLoller along ~AnA~r,ting wires 62 and 64 and through stator winAing 93. These impulses will ;n~llr ~LL_~o~,ling impulses within rotztor wi nA i ng 105. The ;n~lreA imp~ will be carried to the tr~n~LAllc-r. The trAn~llc-r will "fire"
repeatedly, ~ASnAi~g ultrasonic wave r~ into the blood vessel.
The ultrasonic waves will be reflected from stru~L~e-~ within the blood V~ and returned to the tr~n~A-~rer. The tr~n~An~-r will receive the reflected waves and convert them into electrical signals. The electrical signals will travel back through the inductive coupling and into ~onA~cting wires 62 and 64, which will then conA~t the received signals back to the system controller for conversion by the display into visual images of the blood vessel. During w094/~6~ 4~2 lo PCT~S94/00~ ~
imaging, the drive motor will continl~Ally rotate the drive cable causing the tr~nc~llcer to sweep back and forth to scan a plane within a region of the ~rel lying forward of the catheter system.
Referring back to Fig. 2, it will be appreciated that by rotating the tr~n~t~c~r about axis X as it pivots back and forth within plane X-Y, the trAn~ ce~ may be caused to scan a series of planes within the blood v~--rl and thereby to image a three-dimensional region of the blood vessel. In the simplest case, this may be done by simply rotating the entire catheter body within the patient's blood vessel. This will cause pivot axis Z of transducer 5 to rotate about axis X. The surgeon operating the system can simply form a mental image of a three dimensional region of the vessel as he rotates the catheter body through a series of imaging planes.
With further development, mech~n;cal means for rotating pivot axis Z of the trAnc~llcD~ about axis X could be devised. This mec~Anical rotation means could even be synchronized with the equipment for displaying the image, so that real time three dimensional images could be displayed directly by the imaging equipment.
A forward viewing imaging catheter system according to the ~L F ~ent invention may be combined advantageously with other diagnostic or interventional work elements. Figure. 10 depicts a forward viewing imaging catheter in combination with a biopsy tool for sampling a deposit within the blood ve~el.
The deposit 129 depicted lies within the imaging plana of the catheter system. A biopsy tool 132 comprising a tool tip 134 and a tool shaft 135 is di~ within an additional tool lumen 13~. The system depicted in Fig. 10 may greatly assist a physician in performing the biopsy ~}o o~ e. The physician may conveniently view the deposit and the biopsy tip while the sample is being taken.
Other combinations are possible. For example, a rotating cutter, a balloon angioplasty device, a laser ablation device or some other device for treating a stenQsis with the blood ves~el could conveniently be carried by additional lumen 136. In such a system, the forward viewing capability would ~ wo 94~166~ 2 1 5 ~ 1 6 2 PCT~S94/00464 allow for simultaneous imaging and treatment of the region of interest within the vessel.
Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in some detail herein, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The invention is not to be limited to the details given, but may be modified freely within the scope of the Appen~P~ claims, including equivalent constructions.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged side sectional view of a portion of Fig. 1 showing an assembled mechanism for converting rotation of a drive shaft into pivotal oscillation of an ultrasonic transducer.
Fig. 4 - 6 are multi-view orthogonal depictions of separate parts of the mechanism depicted in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a timing and control system suitable for use in the present invention.
Figs. 8A - 8C illustrate the parts and assembly of an inductive coupling device for electrically connecting the connecting the ultrasonic transducer to the timing and control system.
Fig. 9 is a side sectional view of a forward viewing imaging catheter according to the present invention combined with a biopsy tool for sampling a deposit within a blood vessel.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS
A catheter system according to the present invention is illustrated in Figure 1. The catheter system comprises a flexible tubular member 3, an ultrasonic transducer 5 and drive means 7. Tubular member 3 has a proximal end 9, a distal end 11 and a central lumen 13 connecting the two. Drive means 7 comprises a drive cable 15 rotatably disposed within central lumen 13 and a motor coupling 17 at the proximal end of the drive cable.
Ultrasonic transducer 5 is disposed within a distal housing 14 at distal end 11 of tubular member 3. The transducer is adapted for pivotal movement relative to the tubular member. The distal end of drive cable 15 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer by a coupling mechanism 19, which is adapted to convert rotation of the drive cable into pivotal oscillation of the ultrasonic transducer. Transducer 5 is shielded by a cover 6. The cover protects the transducer from interference by tissue within the patient and the patient from 5 21 S I 16 2 PCT~S94/00~4 internal injury from contact with the rapidly oscillating trAn~ r. Cover 6 is màde of a acoustically transparent material to allow the transmission of the acoustic waves sent and received by tr~n~ cer 5.
5 The pivotal motion of the ultrasonic tr~n~A-~cer may be conveniently understood with reference to Fig. 2, which depicts the distal end ll of ~ r member 3, within which trAnr~llror 5 i8 mounted. TrAn~AllGer 5 pivots within the tl~h~lAr member about an axis Z and Rweeps back and forth through an angle ~ lying within a plane X-Y.
Distal housing 14 and coupling me~hA~icm l9 are shown in greater detail in Fig. 3. The distal housing holds the coupling mech~ni~m. The coupling mechAni~m comprises three main parts: a transducer holder 20, which has a receptacle 2l in which the transducer is held; an actuator 22 for driving the tr~n~ c~r holder; and a stator 23, about which the trAn~ r holder pivots.
Figure 4 is a three view orthogonal projection of distal housing 14. As can be seen therein, the distal housing has mounting holes 24 and 25 and a ro~YiAl or~ninq 26.
Actuator 22 is depicted in a two view orthogonal projection in Fig. 5. The actuator has a shaft 28 and an actuator pin 3l set into concave surface 33. The actuator pin i8 set at an angle ~ to the center line of the actuator and the shaft. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, angle ~ is about 45 de~ e-~5 but the angle may vary without departing from the principles of the invention.
Figure 6 is a two view projection of tr~n~ cer holder ~0 and stator 23 disposed therethrough. As mentioned previously, the tr~nC~llr~r holder has a receptacle 21 for holding the tr~nr~ er. The tr~n~ er holder also has a slot 36 cu~ into a rounded back surface 38. Slot 36 is adapted for cooreration with actuator pin 3l of actuator 22 and this will be described in more detail below.
Referring back to Fig. 3, the integration of the parts depicted in Figs. 4 - 6 into the catheter system will now be described. Shaft 28 of actuator 22 is rotatably ~i ~ro~
W094/166~ PCT~S94/00~4 ~
2~$ ~ 6 ~hrough COAY;A1 opon;7-g 26 of distal housing 14. The CO~;A1 O7P~n; ~7g acts as a bearing to support the rotating shaft.
The ends of stator 23 are fixed (e.g., by a press fit) within mounting holes 24 and 2S of the distal housing.
TrAncA1lc~r holder 20 is pivotally disposed about the stator.
A pair of coil~ or windings ~i~ro~ around the stator act as an inductive coupling 45 for electrical coupling of tr~n~ cer 5 to an associated unL ol means. The construction and function of inductive coupling 4S is Ai ~Cl~C~ in detail below.
Actuator pin 31 is di~ for ~ooperation with slot 36. The width of slot 36 is slightly greater than the diameter of actuator pin 31 so that the pin may slide and rotate within the slot. The pin and slot are thus configured to convert rotation of actuator 22 into pivotal oscillation of tr~nc~tlcer lS holder 20 about stator 23.
System control circuitry 50 suitable for controlling the trAn~ r is illustrated schematically in Fig. 7. The control circuitry, which can be formed of substantially conventional equipment, includes a timing and control means 54, a transmitter 57 and a receiver 58 with a transmit/receive switch 59, and a display unit 60, typically including a CRT
tube for displaying an image from within the blood vessel.
In operation, timing and CGllLr ol means 54 sends pulses to transmitter 57. Transmitter 57 generates voltage for excitation of the tr~ns~ r 5. The tr~n~t~r generates ultrasonic energy waves which emanate forwardly into the blood vessel. Portions of the ultrasonic energy waves reflect fro~
tis~ues within the vessel and are reflected back to the trAnCA1lc~r. The tr~nc~l~cer receives these reflected waves and cunvelLs them into electrical signals which are sent back to receiver 58 through cQ~ cting wires 62 and 64. The signals are amplified and processed by display unit 60, which ~o.l~erLs the signals into a visual display of the structure of the ves~el .
3s The tr~nC~lcer is switched between its send and receive modes by transmit/receive switch 59. Timing and ~o,-LLûl means 54 controls drive motor 67, which may be an open loop stepping motor or a closed loop servomotor. Motor 67 W094~16625 PCT~S94/00~4 rotates drive cable 15, which, as disr~ ed above, causes the tr~nCAnc~r to scan back and forth through an arc within the blood vessel.
The ~c~n~ arc (~ in Fig. 2) will be 90 degrees in S the emhoA iment depicted where actuator pin 31 is set at a 45 degree angle (~ in Fig. 5) to the axis of actuator shaft 28.
Drive cable 15 is preferably rotated at a constant angular velocity. Eighteen l~ e~ (1800) rpm is suitable rota~ion speed for the emhoA;ment depicted. This translates to a trAn~A~lc~r scan rate of 30 o~cillAtions per recnn~ ~ a rate sufficient to provide good image detail with an acceptable image refresh rate. The transducer firing rate is coordinated with it~ pivotal movement by system controller 50. It will be understood that the actual tr~n~ncer oscillation rate could be varied significantly within the scope of this invention.
Electrical signals are carried between the system controller and the træn~llcer through ~on~llcting wires 62 and 64. The diætal ends of these wires could be attached to the tr~n~llc~r in a conventional manner, e.g. by soldering. If this were done, sufficient slack would need to be left in the wires ~o allow for the pivotal o~cillAtion of the transducer.
Direct ~o~n~ ~ion of wires 62 and 64 to the trAnC~llcer is problematic howe~L, because of the high speed cyclic hon~ i ng that directly conn?~ted wires would have to el,d~Le. As mentioned above, a typical trAnCAll~r oscillation rate will be about 30 oscillations per -?-Q~ . Under sustAin use, there is a very significant potential for fatigue failure either of the wires or the soldered connection between them and the tr~n~ cor. A failure at either of these points would disable the ~ystem.
For these reA~on~, it is advantageous to eliminate the problem of flexing within wires 62 and 64 by using an indirect connection to electrically couple the wires to the trAnF~nC~r. An inductive coupling 45 adapted to this purpose is shown in place in Fig. 3.
The details and construction of inductive coupling 45 are depicted in Figs. 8A - 8C. Figure 8A depicts a stator assembly in detail. As can be seen therein, a wire channel 80, 6~ PCT~S94/00~ ~
2 ~ 8 comprising r~nn^l segments 81 and 82, is bored partially through stator 23 from each end. A w;n~ing groove 85 is cut into the surface near the middle of the stator and stator holes 87 and 88 are drilled into the stator to co~n~ct wi n~ i ng groove 85 to chann~l segments 81 and 82.
Co..LLoller wire 90 is then fed through one ~h~n~el segment, turned a number of times around the stator at win~ing groove 85, and fed out of the other ~h~nnel segment. The turns of wire 90 within wi~Ainq ~Loo~e 85 form a stator wi~ing 93 around stator 23. The number of turns in wtn~ing 93 may obviously vary but in one preferred emhoAiment there are thirteen turns.
A rotator assembly is depicted in detail in Fig. 8B.
A rotator 100 has an inside diameter slightly larger than the outside diameter of stator 23 so that the rotator may be disposed to turn about the stator. Along a portion 103 of its length, rotator 100 has an even larger inside diameter to accommodate a win~i nq 105 of trAnr~llcor wire 108 and a retA i n i ~g sleeve 110.
Rotator holes 113 and 114 are bored through the wall of rotator 100. Tr~n-~llcer wire 108 is fed through one o~ the holes, wound a number of times about the inside of the rotator to form a rotator winAi~g lOS, and finally fed back out through the 5~cQ~A of the holes. Ret~i n i ng sleeve 110 is then fitted within rotator 100 to hold rotator wi n~ i ng 105 in place.
Rotator wi n~ i ng 105 will typically have the same number of turns as stator winAing 93; in a preferred embodiment, thirteen.
As depicted in Fig. 8C, the rotator assembly is rotatably disposed about the stator a~sembly so that the windings are aligned with each other to form inductive coupling 45. An electrical current flowing within co~lLLoller wire 90 will pass through stator win~ing 93 ~i~pQ~^~ within rotator Wi ~ i ng 105 . This will in~llre a corrPcpQ~i ng electrical current within rotator wi n~ i ~q 105 which will flow through tr~nC~ r wire 108. The reverse will also be true--a current flowing through the transducer wire will in~llce a current within the ~Gl~L~oller wire.
~ W094/166~ 215 4 1 6 2 PCT~S94/00~
Inductive coupling 45 is incorporated into the system as depicted in Figs. 1 and 3. The two ends of stator 23 are pre~s fit into mounting holes 24 and 25 of distal housing 14.
The rotator is fixed within trAnA~tlrer holder 20, which pivots - 5 about the stator. The two ends 91 and 92 of ~ollL~oller wire 90 are rou ed back through tl~hlll;tr m~mber 3, and serve as onAllcting wires 62 and 64. TrAn~llrer wire 108 is directly c~r.Acted at each end to tr~n~ c-r 5.
Referring to Fig. 1, ~llh ll ~r member 3 of the catheter system has a three arm adaptor 120 at its proximal end. A
first arm 122 of three arm adaptor 3 has rQnA~cting wires 62 and 64 routed through it and is adapted for connection with system ~ oller 50 (Fig. 7).
A rs ~n~ arm 123 of the three arm adaptor has a fill port 124 and a fill ~-h~nn-l 125 in communication with central lumen 13 of the t~hl~lAr member. Before imaging, a fluid suitable for the transmission of ultrasonic signals will be injected into fill port 124. The fluid will fill the tllhlll ~r member of the catheter system and flush air bubbles (which could interfere with imaging) out of the region of the trAn~A~ er~ along central lumen 13, and through a drain r~nr^
127 and a drain port 128 of a third arm 129 of the three arm adaptor .
Electrical impulses will then be sent from the 2S o~.,LLoller along ~AnA~r,ting wires 62 and 64 and through stator winAing 93. These impulses will ;n~llr ~LL_~o~,ling impulses within rotztor wi nA i ng 105. The ;n~lreA imp~ will be carried to the tr~n~LAllc-r. The trAn~llc-r will "fire"
repeatedly, ~ASnAi~g ultrasonic wave r~ into the blood vessel.
The ultrasonic waves will be reflected from stru~L~e-~ within the blood V~ and returned to the tr~n~A-~rer. The tr~n~An~-r will receive the reflected waves and convert them into electrical signals. The electrical signals will travel back through the inductive coupling and into ~onA~cting wires 62 and 64, which will then conA~t the received signals back to the system controller for conversion by the display into visual images of the blood vessel. During w094/~6~ 4~2 lo PCT~S94/00~ ~
imaging, the drive motor will continl~Ally rotate the drive cable causing the tr~nc~llcer to sweep back and forth to scan a plane within a region of the ~rel lying forward of the catheter system.
Referring back to Fig. 2, it will be appreciated that by rotating the tr~n~t~c~r about axis X as it pivots back and forth within plane X-Y, the trAn~ ce~ may be caused to scan a series of planes within the blood v~--rl and thereby to image a three-dimensional region of the blood vessel. In the simplest case, this may be done by simply rotating the entire catheter body within the patient's blood vessel. This will cause pivot axis Z of transducer 5 to rotate about axis X. The surgeon operating the system can simply form a mental image of a three dimensional region of the vessel as he rotates the catheter body through a series of imaging planes.
With further development, mech~n;cal means for rotating pivot axis Z of the trAnc~llcD~ about axis X could be devised. This mec~Anical rotation means could even be synchronized with the equipment for displaying the image, so that real time three dimensional images could be displayed directly by the imaging equipment.
A forward viewing imaging catheter system according to the ~L F ~ent invention may be combined advantageously with other diagnostic or interventional work elements. Figure. 10 depicts a forward viewing imaging catheter in combination with a biopsy tool for sampling a deposit within the blood ve~el.
The deposit 129 depicted lies within the imaging plana of the catheter system. A biopsy tool 132 comprising a tool tip 134 and a tool shaft 135 is di~ within an additional tool lumen 13~. The system depicted in Fig. 10 may greatly assist a physician in performing the biopsy ~}o o~ e. The physician may conveniently view the deposit and the biopsy tip while the sample is being taken.
Other combinations are possible. For example, a rotating cutter, a balloon angioplasty device, a laser ablation device or some other device for treating a stenQsis with the blood ves~el could conveniently be carried by additional lumen 136. In such a system, the forward viewing capability would ~ wo 94~166~ 2 1 5 ~ 1 6 2 PCT~S94/00464 allow for simultaneous imaging and treatment of the region of interest within the vessel.
Although exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in some detail herein, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The invention is not to be limited to the details given, but may be modified freely within the scope of the Appen~P~ claims, including equivalent constructions.
Claims (21)
1. A forward viewing imaging catheter system comprising:
a flexible tubular member having proximal and distal ends;
an ultrasonic transducer located near the distal end of the tubular member and disposed to send and receive signals in a direction forward of the distal end; and means for oscillating the transducer about an axis perpendicular to a long axis of the tubular member, whereby oscillation of the transducer relative to the tubular member causes the transducer to scan an area forward of the catheter.
a flexible tubular member having proximal and distal ends;
an ultrasonic transducer located near the distal end of the tubular member and disposed to send and receive signals in a direction forward of the distal end; and means for oscillating the transducer about an axis perpendicular to a long axis of the tubular member, whereby oscillation of the transducer relative to the tubular member causes the transducer to scan an area forward of the catheter.
2. A catheter system for imaging a vessel within a patient, the device comprising:
a flexible tubular member adapted for insertion into the vessel, the tubular member having proximal and distal ends;
a flexible drive means disposed within the tubular member for rotational movement therein;
an ultrasonic transducer pivotally coupled to the tubular member for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals in a direction substantially forward of the distal end of said tubular member, said ultrasonic transducer being coupled to said drive means;
wherein rotational movement of said flexible drive means within the tubular member causes pivotal movement of the transducer to scan a segment of the vessel in a plane forward of the catheter.
a flexible tubular member adapted for insertion into the vessel, the tubular member having proximal and distal ends;
a flexible drive means disposed within the tubular member for rotational movement therein;
an ultrasonic transducer pivotally coupled to the tubular member for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals in a direction substantially forward of the distal end of said tubular member, said ultrasonic transducer being coupled to said drive means;
wherein rotational movement of said flexible drive means within the tubular member causes pivotal movement of the transducer to scan a segment of the vessel in a plane forward of the catheter.
3. A catheter system as recited in claim 2, further comprising a fill port and a drain port at the proximal end of the tubular member.
4. A catheter system as recited in claim 2, further comprising a motor coupling connected to the flexible drive means for connecting a motor to the drive means.
5. A catheter system as recited in claim 2, further comprising:
a distal housing disposed near the distal end of the tubular member, said distal housing having a pair of opposing aligned holes;
a transducer holder which receives the transducer and which is pivotally mounted on the stator;
a stator set within said opposing aligned holes;
wherein the transducer holder is mechanically coupled to said flexible drive means.
a distal housing disposed near the distal end of the tubular member, said distal housing having a pair of opposing aligned holes;
a transducer holder which receives the transducer and which is pivotally mounted on the stator;
a stator set within said opposing aligned holes;
wherein the transducer holder is mechanically coupled to said flexible drive means.
6. A catheter system as recited in claim 5, further comprising:
an actuator coupled to the distal end of said flexible drive means, the actuator having a pin carried at an angle to the axis of rotation of the drive means;
wherein said transducer holder is provided with a slot; and wherein said pin and slot cooperate to translate rotary motion of the drive means into pivotal movement of the transducer.
an actuator coupled to the distal end of said flexible drive means, the actuator having a pin carried at an angle to the axis of rotation of the drive means;
wherein said transducer holder is provided with a slot; and wherein said pin and slot cooperate to translate rotary motion of the drive means into pivotal movement of the transducer.
7. A catheter system as recited in claim 6, wherein the angle between the pin and the axis of rotation is between thirty and sixty degrees.
8. A catheter system as recited in claim 7, wherein the angle between the pin and the axis of rotation is substantially equal to forty-five degrees.
9. A catheter system as recited in claim 2, further comprising:
a pair of wires disposed within the tubular member for transmitting electrical signals to and from the transducer means; and inductive coupling means electrically consisting the transducer to said pair of wires, said coupling means including a stator winding attached to the wire pair and a transducer winding attached to the transducer.
a pair of wires disposed within the tubular member for transmitting electrical signals to and from the transducer means; and inductive coupling means electrically consisting the transducer to said pair of wires, said coupling means including a stator winding attached to the wire pair and a transducer winding attached to the transducer.
10. A catheter system as recited in claim 2, further comprising a work element.
11. A catheter system as recited in claim 10, wherein the work element comprises a biopsy tool for sampling a deposit within the blood vessel.
12. A catheter system for obtaining an image of a vessel within a patient, the system comprising:
a tubular member adapted to enter the vessel, the tubular member having proximal and distal ends;
flexible drive means disposed within the tubular member for rotational movement within the tubular member;
an ultrasonic transducer pivotally coupled to the tubular member near its distal end for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals in a direction substantially forward of the distal end of the catheter, the transducer being capable of receiving ultrasonic signals and translating the received ultrasonic signals into electrical receive signals, said ultrasonic transducer being mechanically coupled to the drive means for pivotal movement relative to the tubular member;
transmitter means for producing an electrical transmit signal and supplying the transmit signal to the ultrasonic transducer to cause the transducer to generate ultrasonic signals;
receiving means for receiving the electrical receive signals from the transducer; and a pair of wires disposed within the tubular member and electrically coupled to the transducer, said wires being connectable to the transmitter means and the receiving means.
a tubular member adapted to enter the vessel, the tubular member having proximal and distal ends;
flexible drive means disposed within the tubular member for rotational movement within the tubular member;
an ultrasonic transducer pivotally coupled to the tubular member near its distal end for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals in a direction substantially forward of the distal end of the catheter, the transducer being capable of receiving ultrasonic signals and translating the received ultrasonic signals into electrical receive signals, said ultrasonic transducer being mechanically coupled to the drive means for pivotal movement relative to the tubular member;
transmitter means for producing an electrical transmit signal and supplying the transmit signal to the ultrasonic transducer to cause the transducer to generate ultrasonic signals;
receiving means for receiving the electrical receive signals from the transducer; and a pair of wires disposed within the tubular member and electrically coupled to the transducer, said wires being connectable to the transmitter means and the receiving means.
13. A catheter system as recited in claim 12, further comprising means creating a visual display of a portion of the vessel being scanned by the ultrasonic transducer.
14. A catheter system as recited in claim 13, wherein the display means includes a cathode ray tube.
15. A catheter system as recited in claim 12, wherein said wires are electrically coupled to said ultrasonic transducer by an inductive coupling including a transducer winding attached to the transducer and a stator winding attached to the wires.
16. A catheter system as recited in claim 15, wherein the transducer winding and stator winding each comprise between five and twenty five coils.
17. A catheter system as recited in claim 15, wherein the stator winding lies within a winding groove disposed within a surface of a stator fixed near the distal end of the tubular member and about which the ultrasonic transducer pivots.
18. A catheter system as recited in claim 15, wherein the transducer winding is disposed within the transducer holder.
19. A method of intravascularly imaging a vessel using a catheter carrying an ultrasonic transducer near its distal extremity, the transducer for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals, the method comprising the steps of:
inserting the catheter into the vessel;
causing said transducer to emit ultrasonic signals;
receiving reflections of the emitted ultrasonic signals;
pivotally oscillating said transducer about a transverse axis relative to the catheter to scan a segment of the vessel substantially forward of the catheter; and processing the received signals to create an image of the scanned vessel segment along an axial plane relative to the catheter.
inserting the catheter into the vessel;
causing said transducer to emit ultrasonic signals;
receiving reflections of the emitted ultrasonic signals;
pivotally oscillating said transducer about a transverse axis relative to the catheter to scan a segment of the vessel substantially forward of the catheter; and processing the received signals to create an image of the scanned vessel segment along an axial plane relative to the catheter.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising a step of rotating the transducer about an axis parallel to the long axis of the catheter body, whereby the transducer is caused to scan a series of planes comprising a three-dimensional region of the interior of the vessel.
21. The method of claim 19, further comprising a step of using a biopsy tool to sample an obstruction lying within the scanned segment of the vessel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/006,224 US5373849A (en) | 1993-01-19 | 1993-01-19 | Forward viewing imaging catheter |
| US08/006,224 | 1993-01-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2154162A1 true CA2154162A1 (en) | 1994-08-04 |
Family
ID=21719870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002154162A Abandoned CA2154162A1 (en) | 1993-01-19 | 1994-01-14 | Forward viewing imaging catheter |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5373849A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0681454B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08510654A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE237996T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2154162A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69432557T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2197906T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994016625A1 (en) |
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- 1994-01-14 ES ES94908591T patent/ES2197906T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1994-01-14 DE DE69432557T patent/DE69432557T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-14 CA CA002154162A patent/CA2154162A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| DE69432557T2 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
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| EP0681454A1 (en) | 1995-11-15 |
| EP0681454A4 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
| ATE237996T1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |