CA2134469C - Breathing equipment for aircrew - Google Patents
Breathing equipment for aircrewInfo
- Publication number
- CA2134469C CA2134469C CA002134469A CA2134469A CA2134469C CA 2134469 C CA2134469 C CA 2134469C CA 002134469 A CA002134469 A CA 002134469A CA 2134469 A CA2134469 A CA 2134469A CA 2134469 C CA2134469 C CA 2134469C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- face
- piece
- outer shell
- breathing apparatus
- pilot
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
- A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
- A62B18/082—Assembling eyepieces, lenses or vision-correction means in or on gas-masks
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
- A62B18/04—Gas helmets
Abstract
A breathing apparatus for aircrew comprising a rigid outer shell (4) in which a flexible face-piece (3) is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face. The face-piece incorporates an inspiratory and expiratory valve and the outer shell has means (5,32) for attaching it at a fixed distance from the wearer's face. The face-piece also includes extendable means (20) a bladder (30) automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece (3) towards the pilot's face to improve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask, the extendable means reconfiguring as a result thereof. Transparent viewing means (31) are either mounted on the rigid outer shell (4) in the wearer's line of sight or can be formed as a viewing window (31) incorporated in a flexible NBC hood (30) or a full face protective helmet.
Description
B~A~T~ QU1~ FOR AIRCREW
This invention relates to breathing equipment for aircrew and more particularly to breathing equipment which can be used in conjunction with electronic avionic systems.
Avionic systems used by pilots generally require part of the system to be helmet mounted but the helmet has to be maintained in a fixed position relative to the wearer~s head and eyes if the avio~irs are to work ly.
Another problem with modern breathing equipment used by aircrew is that it has to incorporate means to increase the seal that the facemask makes with the wearer~s face during pressure breathing otherwise the facemask leaks when the breathable gas at the required increased pressure is fed to the interior of the mask. In one prior art arrangement, an inflatable bag is provided at the rear of the pilot's helmet which exr~n~ when pressure breathing is required with the result that the helmet moves WO93/21994 213 ~ 4 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 rearwardly and the facemask connected to it is pulled towards the wearer~s face to maintain the required seal therewith. The problem with this arrangement is that the helmet moves relative to the ~ ot~s head so avionics systems cannot be mounted to it as they require a stable mounting platform. Furthermore, as the viewing screen onto which the avionics image is projected must be kept at a fixed distance from the wearer~s eyes, it cannot be mounted on a facemask which moves relative to the wearer~s face hecA~l~e its position relative to the pilot~s eyes will change constantly in response to the pressure of the breathable gas S-lrp~ to the facemask.
In our earlier filed patent application referred to above, which has been published under No.PCT/GB9l/01034, we overcame the problem of keeping the helmet in a fixed position by mounting the movable facemask within a rigid outer shell attached to the helmet at a fixed distance therefrom and fitting an inflatable blA~A~r between the rigid shell and the facemask which could be inflated to press the periphery of the facemask towards the pilot's face WO93/21994 213 4 ~ 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 when the pressure of the breathable gas supplied to the interior of the mask and the inflatable bl~ r increased above that for normal breathing. In another embodiment, the facemask included a re-entrant or bellows section which reconfigured and exten~D~ in a direction towards the pilot~s face when the pressure of the breathable gas supplied to the interior of the facemask increased above that required for normal breathing.
The significant feature of our earlier breathing system was that the facemask was dynamically movable relative to the pilot's face due to the reaction between the rigid outer shell and the inflatable hlA~A~r or between the rigid outer shell and the re-entrant or bellows section incol~olated in the facemask. Thus, it was the facemask not the helmet which moved when pressure breathing was required so avionics could be mounted on the helmet.
The problems discussed above are further compounded if the facemask has to be incorporated into a hood to protect the wearer Ag~in~t nuclear, biological or ch~~icAl (NBC) agents and also be capable of use with helmet mounted avio~;~fi. This is hPcAllce the distance between the clear visor area provided in the rigid front portion of the hood to enable the wearer S to see has to be kept at a fixed distance in relation to the wearer~s eyes. This is difficult to achieve in co.lvel,LinnAl breathing equipment which does not have a dynamically movable facemask as this distance can vary ~epen~ing on the shape of the wearer~s chin.
This is a particular problem if night vision glasses (NVG) are to be used heCAll~e the distance between the wearer~s eyes and the NVG is critical and must not vary. Furthermore, when the wearer is subjected to G
forces in an aeroplane of up to 9G for instance, the helmet becomes very unstable, particularly if a rear inflatable blAAA~r is used.
The Applicants have now realised that their earlier breathing system can be modified to have a clear viewing screen or visor fitted thereto or incol~o ated therein onto which images can be projected by avionics systems mounted either on the pilot's helmet or elsewhere in the cockpit as the WO93/21994 ~13 4 ~ 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 rigid shell provides a stable non-movable platform to ~u~Gl L the screen or visor. It can also be readily adapted for use with an NBC hood including a respirator.
According to the present invention therefore, there is provided a facemask il.~or~ulating breathing equipment comprising a rigid outer shell in which a fl~Yihle face-piece is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face, the face-piece incorporating an inspiratory and expiratory valve and the outer shell having means for attA~hing it at a fixed distance from the wearer-s face, the face-piece further including exten~Ahle means automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece towards the pilot s face to i ~ uve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask and the exten~Ahle means reconfigure as a result thereof, the improvement comprising providing transparent viewing means mounted on the rigid outer shell which, in use, are located in the wearer's line of sight.
2l3~69 The transparent viewing means can ta~e any ~-o.lve.lient form. For instance, the outer shell can comprise the rigid front piece of an NBC hood which incol~oLates a viewing window therein as an integral~part thereof.
Alternatively, the viewing means ca~ comprise a transparent screen mounted on an arm exten~in~ from the rigid shell into the pilot s line of sight. In another embodiment, the rigid outer shell can comprise the front part of a full-face helmet 5iri1~r to a motor racing or motorcycle helmet, the visor or window assembly in said helmet comprising the transparent viewing means.
The ext~n~hle means can be a bl~ r located between lS the rigid outer shell and facemask or can comprise bellows-like configurations provided at the periphery of the facemask which extend when air is supplied to the interior thereof. The ex~n~Ahle means can also comprise a combination of both the inflatable bl~A~r and the bellows or 5;m; l~r reconfigurable means.
~ 2 ~ ~ 4 4 6~
Whilst it is expected that the facemask would normally be used in conjunction with a pilot's flying helmet, it could nevertheless be designed to work without a helmet by having a non-extendible strap attached to each side of the rigid outer shell to extend around the wearer's head to hold the facemask ln place.
In an aspect of the invention there is provided breathing apparatus for aircrew comprising a rigid outer shell in which a flexible face-piece is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face, the face-piece incorporating an inspiratory and expiratory valve and the outer shell having means for attaching it at a fixed distance from the wearer's face, the face-piece further including extendible means automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece towards the pilot's face to improve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask and the extendible means reconfigure as a result thereof, the improvement comprises providing transparent viewing means mounted on the rigid outer shell which, in use, are located in the wearer's line of sight.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided breathing apparatus for aircrew comprising a rigid outer shell in which a flexible face-piece is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face, the face-piece ~"' ~C' ~ 2 ~ 3 ~
- 7a -incorporating an inspiratory and expiratory valve in the outer shell having means for attaching it at a fixed distance from the wearer's face, the face-piece further including extendible means automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece towards the pilot's face to improve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask and the extendible means reconfigure as a result thereof, the improvement comprising transparent viewing means disposed in the wearer's line of sight and on the rigid outer shell in a fixed position relative thereto, said viewing means thereby being maintained at a fixed distance relative to the wearer's eyes.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a facemask of the present invention used in conjunction with a helmet mounted avionics system;
Figure 2 is a diagramatic illustration showing how the face-piece of Figure 1 is caused to move during pressure breathing;
' '~
~2 ~ 344~
- 7b -Figures 3A-3E illustrate various different types of reconfiguration extendible means which can be in the moveable face-piece;
s ,.,,.. ~
213~46~
Figure 3F illustrates in cross section a facemask of the invention having an inflatable bl~ r between the rigid shell and the front of the movable face-piece; ~'i Figure 4 illustrates a facemask of the invention in~-olyul~ted into an NBC respirator with a protective hood; and Figure 5 illustrates a facemask of the invention il~oL~o~ated into a full-face helmet.
Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a pilot (1) wearing a rigid protective helmet (2). A flexible breathing face-piece (3), usually made of natural or synthetic rubber, su.-rounds the pilot's nose and mouth and is mounted in a rigid plastic shell (4) att~h~ to the helmet (2) by means of hArn~ss arrangement (5) having fitting (6) at one end to releasably attach it to fitting part (7) mounted on the helmet. The h~rness (5) includes adjustable means (not shown) so that its length can be readily 213~6~
altered to ensure that the face-piece (3) rests comfortably on the pilot~s face with its edge lip ( 12 ) r~ki ng a proper seal with the area of the pilot~s face surro~lnAi~g his nose and mouth. An avionics system (13) such as an armament sight is mounted on arm (16) att~ch~ to the helmet ( 2 ) to Ll~de forwardly therefrom into the line of vision as illustrated. A transparent viewing screen (14) is mounted on the shell (4) in front of the pilot~s eyes to display images projected from avionics (13).
Breathable gas such as o~ygen is supplied to the interior of the face-piece (3) from a supply (11) via an oxygen regulator (not shown) connected thereto by means of a hose (8). An expiratory valve (not shown) is also provided in the face-piece (3).
As can be seen more clearly in Figure 2, the wall of the face-piece (3) includes ext~n~Ahle means (20) 2 0 which are housed within the rigid shell (4). The purpose of the ext~n~hle means (20) is to enable the edge seal (12) to move in a direction generally parallel to the wall of the rigid shell (4) when the WO93/21~4 PCT/GB93/00927 2134~69 pressure of the breathable gas supplied to the interior of the face-piece (3) is increased as a result of the regulator (not shown) being activated when the aircraft makes a turn. When the pressure sl~prliP~ to the interior of the face-piece (3) increases, its wall ~YpAn~ to cope with the increased pressure. As the wall cannot move rA~i~lly outwardly hPcAll~e it is con~Aine~ within the rigid shell (4)r it can only move in a direction generally towards the pilot~s face in the direction of the arrows and thereby improves its seal therewith.
The operation of the arrangement in Figures 1 and 2 follows:
In norma~ flight where no G-forces are exerted on the aircraft, breathable gas is supplied from the pressurised supply (11) via inlet hose (8) to the interior of the face-piece (3) fitted over the pilot~s nose and mouth. As soon as the pilot makes a turn, this will generate G-forces which cause the regulator (not shown) to increase the pressure of the gas supplied from the source (11) to the interior of WO93~21994 213 ~ ~ 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 face-piece (3) and it is inflated. As the rigid shell (4) cannot move relative to the helmet 12) hecA-lce its position in relation thereto is col.L.olled by the h~rnPss (5) which is of fixed length, inflation of the face-piece (3) extends the ext~n~Ahle means (20) and the edge seal (12) is pushed towards the helmet (2) as i n~ icAted by the arrows in Figure 2. This movement effectively increases the pressure of the edge seal (12) of the face-piece (3) on the pilot's face. Reductions in the gas supply pressure cause the face-piece (3) to deflate accordingly and thus to reduce the pressure of the edge seal (12) on the pilot's face.
It will be appreciated that during flight, the aeroplane will be making many turns and the G-forces generated will therefo e vary considerably. The regulator (not shown) which controls the gas supply from the source (11) in combination with the inflation and deflation of the face-piece (3) therefore ensures that the edge seal (12) is kept in contact with the pilot~s face at the required pressure at all times.
WO 93/21994 2 13 ~ 4 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 Since it is the face-piece (3) which is moving relative to the pilot~s face to increase or decrease its seal therewith, the helmet (2~ ~ ins stat;onAry at all times so the avionics sight (13) can be attAch~ to it and will work perfectly satisfactory regardless of the G-forces to which the pilot or the aircraft is being subjected.
Figures 3A-3D illustrate several different types of flexible face-piece (3) which incol~ ate alternative forms of ex*~Ahle means. In each of these embodiments the breathable gas is supplied directly to the interior of the face-piece (3) at a constantly changing pressure as a result of which the ext~n~hle means reconfigure and extend/~YpAn~ or contract.
In the arrangement sh~wn in Figure 3A, the wall of the face-piece (3) includes a re-entrant section (21) which opens up or extends on pressurisation of the interior of the face-piece (3) to reconfigure into the profile (21a) whereby the edge region (12) shown in dotted line moves in the direction of the arrows into the position shown in full line.
WO 93/2199~ PCT/GB93/00927 The face-piece (3) shown in Figure 3B is similAr to that shown in Figure 3A except that the re-entrant sections (22) include a generally circular portion in cross-section and reconfigure on inflation of the interior of the face-piece (3) into the profile (22a) whereby the edge region (12) shown in dotted line moves in the direction of the arrows into the position shown in full line.
Figure 3C shows yet another configuration of face-piece (3) il~O~O ating a bellows section (23) which extends into configuration (23a) and causes the edge region (12) to move towards the pilot~s face.
lS In the arrangement shown in Figure 3D, the facemask (3) is housed within the rigid shell (4) as has already been described. The face-piece (3) is manufa~L~d with a convoluted rolling section (24) situated hehi~A and adjacent the edge seal (12) and accommodated in an enlarged section (25) of the rigid shell (4). As can be seen from the drawings, the thick~ess of the wall of the face-piece (3) in the region of the convoluted rolling section (24) is W093/21994 13 4 ~ 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 th; nn~r than the remainder of the face-piece (3) thereby allowing it to be rolled back on ltself into the S-shaped configuration illustrated.~ n its normal state, the face-piece (3) is con~Ain~ within the shell enlargement (25). However, when the pressure of the gas supply to the interior of the facemask (3) is increased, the convoluted rolling section (24) tends to unroll and the edge seal (33) is moved in the direction of the arrows thereby increasing the force Applie~ by the edge seal (12) to the pilot-s face thus ~l~venLing leakage.
In some circums~Anre~ it may be advisable to provide an inflatable bl A~r ( 30) between the rigid outer shell (4) and the front region of the face-piece (3) as shown in Figure 3F to assist in the dynamic movement of the face-Fiece (3) in response to changes in pressure of the breathable gas supply to the interior thereof. The blA~r (30) is preferably inflated by means of a branch supply duct (not shown) from the main gas supply to the interior of the face-piece (3). It can however be inflated by a separate gas supply.
21~6~
The facemask (3) shown in Figure 3E differs from those shown in Figures 3A-3D in that it incorporates a chamber (26) which is supplied via an inlet (28) from a separate gas supply (not shown) to that supplied to the interior of the face-piece (3). The gas supply to the chamber (26) has to be at a pressure h i gh~r than that supplied to the interior of the face-piece (3) otherwise it will not be inflated and assume the illustrated configuration (26a) in which the edge seal (14) is moved in the direction of the arrows towards the pilot~s face.
It will be seen from the foregoing description that the invention provides a simple dynamic system which adjusts the pressure of the face-piece (3) on the pilot's face automatically in response to the regulator controlled breathable gas supply pressure.
As it is the face-piece (3) which moves rather than the helmet (2) or the shell (4), avionic systems can be mounted on the helmet.
This invention relates to breathing equipment for aircrew and more particularly to breathing equipment which can be used in conjunction with electronic avionic systems.
Avionic systems used by pilots generally require part of the system to be helmet mounted but the helmet has to be maintained in a fixed position relative to the wearer~s head and eyes if the avio~irs are to work ly.
Another problem with modern breathing equipment used by aircrew is that it has to incorporate means to increase the seal that the facemask makes with the wearer~s face during pressure breathing otherwise the facemask leaks when the breathable gas at the required increased pressure is fed to the interior of the mask. In one prior art arrangement, an inflatable bag is provided at the rear of the pilot's helmet which exr~n~ when pressure breathing is required with the result that the helmet moves WO93/21994 213 ~ 4 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 rearwardly and the facemask connected to it is pulled towards the wearer~s face to maintain the required seal therewith. The problem with this arrangement is that the helmet moves relative to the ~ ot~s head so avionics systems cannot be mounted to it as they require a stable mounting platform. Furthermore, as the viewing screen onto which the avionics image is projected must be kept at a fixed distance from the wearer~s eyes, it cannot be mounted on a facemask which moves relative to the wearer~s face hecA~l~e its position relative to the pilot~s eyes will change constantly in response to the pressure of the breathable gas S-lrp~ to the facemask.
In our earlier filed patent application referred to above, which has been published under No.PCT/GB9l/01034, we overcame the problem of keeping the helmet in a fixed position by mounting the movable facemask within a rigid outer shell attached to the helmet at a fixed distance therefrom and fitting an inflatable blA~A~r between the rigid shell and the facemask which could be inflated to press the periphery of the facemask towards the pilot's face WO93/21994 213 4 ~ 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 when the pressure of the breathable gas supplied to the interior of the mask and the inflatable bl~ r increased above that for normal breathing. In another embodiment, the facemask included a re-entrant or bellows section which reconfigured and exten~D~ in a direction towards the pilot~s face when the pressure of the breathable gas supplied to the interior of the facemask increased above that required for normal breathing.
The significant feature of our earlier breathing system was that the facemask was dynamically movable relative to the pilot's face due to the reaction between the rigid outer shell and the inflatable hlA~A~r or between the rigid outer shell and the re-entrant or bellows section incol~olated in the facemask. Thus, it was the facemask not the helmet which moved when pressure breathing was required so avionics could be mounted on the helmet.
The problems discussed above are further compounded if the facemask has to be incorporated into a hood to protect the wearer Ag~in~t nuclear, biological or ch~~icAl (NBC) agents and also be capable of use with helmet mounted avio~;~fi. This is hPcAllce the distance between the clear visor area provided in the rigid front portion of the hood to enable the wearer S to see has to be kept at a fixed distance in relation to the wearer~s eyes. This is difficult to achieve in co.lvel,LinnAl breathing equipment which does not have a dynamically movable facemask as this distance can vary ~epen~ing on the shape of the wearer~s chin.
This is a particular problem if night vision glasses (NVG) are to be used heCAll~e the distance between the wearer~s eyes and the NVG is critical and must not vary. Furthermore, when the wearer is subjected to G
forces in an aeroplane of up to 9G for instance, the helmet becomes very unstable, particularly if a rear inflatable blAAA~r is used.
The Applicants have now realised that their earlier breathing system can be modified to have a clear viewing screen or visor fitted thereto or incol~o ated therein onto which images can be projected by avionics systems mounted either on the pilot's helmet or elsewhere in the cockpit as the WO93/21994 ~13 4 ~ 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 rigid shell provides a stable non-movable platform to ~u~Gl L the screen or visor. It can also be readily adapted for use with an NBC hood including a respirator.
According to the present invention therefore, there is provided a facemask il.~or~ulating breathing equipment comprising a rigid outer shell in which a fl~Yihle face-piece is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face, the face-piece incorporating an inspiratory and expiratory valve and the outer shell having means for attA~hing it at a fixed distance from the wearer-s face, the face-piece further including exten~Ahle means automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece towards the pilot s face to i ~ uve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask and the exten~Ahle means reconfigure as a result thereof, the improvement comprising providing transparent viewing means mounted on the rigid outer shell which, in use, are located in the wearer's line of sight.
2l3~69 The transparent viewing means can ta~e any ~-o.lve.lient form. For instance, the outer shell can comprise the rigid front piece of an NBC hood which incol~oLates a viewing window therein as an integral~part thereof.
Alternatively, the viewing means ca~ comprise a transparent screen mounted on an arm exten~in~ from the rigid shell into the pilot s line of sight. In another embodiment, the rigid outer shell can comprise the front part of a full-face helmet 5iri1~r to a motor racing or motorcycle helmet, the visor or window assembly in said helmet comprising the transparent viewing means.
The ext~n~hle means can be a bl~ r located between lS the rigid outer shell and facemask or can comprise bellows-like configurations provided at the periphery of the facemask which extend when air is supplied to the interior thereof. The ex~n~Ahle means can also comprise a combination of both the inflatable bl~A~r and the bellows or 5;m; l~r reconfigurable means.
~ 2 ~ ~ 4 4 6~
Whilst it is expected that the facemask would normally be used in conjunction with a pilot's flying helmet, it could nevertheless be designed to work without a helmet by having a non-extendible strap attached to each side of the rigid outer shell to extend around the wearer's head to hold the facemask ln place.
In an aspect of the invention there is provided breathing apparatus for aircrew comprising a rigid outer shell in which a flexible face-piece is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face, the face-piece incorporating an inspiratory and expiratory valve and the outer shell having means for attaching it at a fixed distance from the wearer's face, the face-piece further including extendible means automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece towards the pilot's face to improve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask and the extendible means reconfigure as a result thereof, the improvement comprises providing transparent viewing means mounted on the rigid outer shell which, in use, are located in the wearer's line of sight.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided breathing apparatus for aircrew comprising a rigid outer shell in which a flexible face-piece is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face, the face-piece ~"' ~C' ~ 2 ~ 3 ~
- 7a -incorporating an inspiratory and expiratory valve in the outer shell having means for attaching it at a fixed distance from the wearer's face, the face-piece further including extendible means automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece towards the pilot's face to improve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask and the extendible means reconfigure as a result thereof, the improvement comprising transparent viewing means disposed in the wearer's line of sight and on the rigid outer shell in a fixed position relative thereto, said viewing means thereby being maintained at a fixed distance relative to the wearer's eyes.
Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows a facemask of the present invention used in conjunction with a helmet mounted avionics system;
Figure 2 is a diagramatic illustration showing how the face-piece of Figure 1 is caused to move during pressure breathing;
' '~
~2 ~ 344~
- 7b -Figures 3A-3E illustrate various different types of reconfiguration extendible means which can be in the moveable face-piece;
s ,.,,.. ~
213~46~
Figure 3F illustrates in cross section a facemask of the invention having an inflatable bl~ r between the rigid shell and the front of the movable face-piece; ~'i Figure 4 illustrates a facemask of the invention in~-olyul~ted into an NBC respirator with a protective hood; and Figure 5 illustrates a facemask of the invention il~oL~o~ated into a full-face helmet.
Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 shows a pilot (1) wearing a rigid protective helmet (2). A flexible breathing face-piece (3), usually made of natural or synthetic rubber, su.-rounds the pilot's nose and mouth and is mounted in a rigid plastic shell (4) att~h~ to the helmet (2) by means of hArn~ss arrangement (5) having fitting (6) at one end to releasably attach it to fitting part (7) mounted on the helmet. The h~rness (5) includes adjustable means (not shown) so that its length can be readily 213~6~
altered to ensure that the face-piece (3) rests comfortably on the pilot~s face with its edge lip ( 12 ) r~ki ng a proper seal with the area of the pilot~s face surro~lnAi~g his nose and mouth. An avionics system (13) such as an armament sight is mounted on arm (16) att~ch~ to the helmet ( 2 ) to Ll~de forwardly therefrom into the line of vision as illustrated. A transparent viewing screen (14) is mounted on the shell (4) in front of the pilot~s eyes to display images projected from avionics (13).
Breathable gas such as o~ygen is supplied to the interior of the face-piece (3) from a supply (11) via an oxygen regulator (not shown) connected thereto by means of a hose (8). An expiratory valve (not shown) is also provided in the face-piece (3).
As can be seen more clearly in Figure 2, the wall of the face-piece (3) includes ext~n~Ahle means (20) 2 0 which are housed within the rigid shell (4). The purpose of the ext~n~hle means (20) is to enable the edge seal (12) to move in a direction generally parallel to the wall of the rigid shell (4) when the WO93/21~4 PCT/GB93/00927 2134~69 pressure of the breathable gas supplied to the interior of the face-piece (3) is increased as a result of the regulator (not shown) being activated when the aircraft makes a turn. When the pressure sl~prliP~ to the interior of the face-piece (3) increases, its wall ~YpAn~ to cope with the increased pressure. As the wall cannot move rA~i~lly outwardly hPcAll~e it is con~Aine~ within the rigid shell (4)r it can only move in a direction generally towards the pilot~s face in the direction of the arrows and thereby improves its seal therewith.
The operation of the arrangement in Figures 1 and 2 follows:
In norma~ flight where no G-forces are exerted on the aircraft, breathable gas is supplied from the pressurised supply (11) via inlet hose (8) to the interior of the face-piece (3) fitted over the pilot~s nose and mouth. As soon as the pilot makes a turn, this will generate G-forces which cause the regulator (not shown) to increase the pressure of the gas supplied from the source (11) to the interior of WO93~21994 213 ~ ~ 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 face-piece (3) and it is inflated. As the rigid shell (4) cannot move relative to the helmet 12) hecA-lce its position in relation thereto is col.L.olled by the h~rnPss (5) which is of fixed length, inflation of the face-piece (3) extends the ext~n~Ahle means (20) and the edge seal (12) is pushed towards the helmet (2) as i n~ icAted by the arrows in Figure 2. This movement effectively increases the pressure of the edge seal (12) of the face-piece (3) on the pilot's face. Reductions in the gas supply pressure cause the face-piece (3) to deflate accordingly and thus to reduce the pressure of the edge seal (12) on the pilot's face.
It will be appreciated that during flight, the aeroplane will be making many turns and the G-forces generated will therefo e vary considerably. The regulator (not shown) which controls the gas supply from the source (11) in combination with the inflation and deflation of the face-piece (3) therefore ensures that the edge seal (12) is kept in contact with the pilot~s face at the required pressure at all times.
WO 93/21994 2 13 ~ 4 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 Since it is the face-piece (3) which is moving relative to the pilot~s face to increase or decrease its seal therewith, the helmet (2~ ~ ins stat;onAry at all times so the avionics sight (13) can be attAch~ to it and will work perfectly satisfactory regardless of the G-forces to which the pilot or the aircraft is being subjected.
Figures 3A-3D illustrate several different types of flexible face-piece (3) which incol~ ate alternative forms of ex*~Ahle means. In each of these embodiments the breathable gas is supplied directly to the interior of the face-piece (3) at a constantly changing pressure as a result of which the ext~n~hle means reconfigure and extend/~YpAn~ or contract.
In the arrangement sh~wn in Figure 3A, the wall of the face-piece (3) includes a re-entrant section (21) which opens up or extends on pressurisation of the interior of the face-piece (3) to reconfigure into the profile (21a) whereby the edge region (12) shown in dotted line moves in the direction of the arrows into the position shown in full line.
WO 93/2199~ PCT/GB93/00927 The face-piece (3) shown in Figure 3B is similAr to that shown in Figure 3A except that the re-entrant sections (22) include a generally circular portion in cross-section and reconfigure on inflation of the interior of the face-piece (3) into the profile (22a) whereby the edge region (12) shown in dotted line moves in the direction of the arrows into the position shown in full line.
Figure 3C shows yet another configuration of face-piece (3) il~O~O ating a bellows section (23) which extends into configuration (23a) and causes the edge region (12) to move towards the pilot~s face.
lS In the arrangement shown in Figure 3D, the facemask (3) is housed within the rigid shell (4) as has already been described. The face-piece (3) is manufa~L~d with a convoluted rolling section (24) situated hehi~A and adjacent the edge seal (12) and accommodated in an enlarged section (25) of the rigid shell (4). As can be seen from the drawings, the thick~ess of the wall of the face-piece (3) in the region of the convoluted rolling section (24) is W093/21994 13 4 ~ 6 9 PCT/GB93/00927 th; nn~r than the remainder of the face-piece (3) thereby allowing it to be rolled back on ltself into the S-shaped configuration illustrated.~ n its normal state, the face-piece (3) is con~Ain~ within the shell enlargement (25). However, when the pressure of the gas supply to the interior of the facemask (3) is increased, the convoluted rolling section (24) tends to unroll and the edge seal (33) is moved in the direction of the arrows thereby increasing the force Applie~ by the edge seal (12) to the pilot-s face thus ~l~venLing leakage.
In some circums~Anre~ it may be advisable to provide an inflatable bl A~r ( 30) between the rigid outer shell (4) and the front region of the face-piece (3) as shown in Figure 3F to assist in the dynamic movement of the face-Fiece (3) in response to changes in pressure of the breathable gas supply to the interior thereof. The blA~r (30) is preferably inflated by means of a branch supply duct (not shown) from the main gas supply to the interior of the face-piece (3). It can however be inflated by a separate gas supply.
21~6~
The facemask (3) shown in Figure 3E differs from those shown in Figures 3A-3D in that it incorporates a chamber (26) which is supplied via an inlet (28) from a separate gas supply (not shown) to that supplied to the interior of the face-piece (3). The gas supply to the chamber (26) has to be at a pressure h i gh~r than that supplied to the interior of the face-piece (3) otherwise it will not be inflated and assume the illustrated configuration (26a) in which the edge seal (14) is moved in the direction of the arrows towards the pilot~s face.
It will be seen from the foregoing description that the invention provides a simple dynamic system which adjusts the pressure of the face-piece (3) on the pilot's face automatically in response to the regulator controlled breathable gas supply pressure.
As it is the face-piece (3) which moves rather than the helmet (2) or the shell (4), avionic systems can be mounted on the helmet.
2134~69 Referring now to Figure 4, this shows a fA~r~-~k of the invention incorporated into an NBC respirator having a protective hood (30). In'this arrangement, the whole of the front portiQX of the hood (30) is ~ ulded from a rigid plastics material and includes within it a transparent viewing window (31). The hood (30) is preferably made of rubber and att to the edges of the front piece (4) to enclose the wearer's head and extend over the wearer's neck.
As with the Figure 1 embodiment, the rigid front portion (4) is attA~h~A to the helmet (2) by means of the harness (5). In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 however, an opt;onA1 second hAr~s (32) is connected to the rigid front portion (4) adjacent the wearer~s temples and is releasably secured to the helmet (2) by means of a fitting (33). It will be seen therefore that as both harnesses (7,33) are made of an inexten~Ahle webbing material, the rigid front portion (4) of the hood (30) cannot move in a ~irection away from the helmet (2).
A dynamically movable face-piece (3) is mounted in the rigid front piece (4) which can be of any type such as those already described with reference to Figures 1-3. The face-piece (3) illustrated is the same as that shown in Figure 2 and includes re-entrant section (20) but this is for illustrative ~ul~oses only. Breathable gas is fed to the interior of the face-piece (3) through inlet hose (8) co.~e~Led to the gas source and regulator (not shown).
It will be appreciated that with the arrangement shown in Figure 4, the window (31) can be kept at a fixed distance from the pilot~s eyes at all times during flight as it is the face-piece (3) which moves relative to the wearer~s face rather than the front piece (4) or the helm~t (2) to cope with increases or decreases in the pressure of the breathable gas 5-1prl i~A to the interior of the face-piece. As a result, the viewing window (31) can be used as a screen onto which images can be projected from the avionics (13) mounted on the helmet (2) on arm (16).
As hAr~esses (5,32) include adjustment means (not 2~344G~
shown), the position of the window (31) relative to the pilot~s eyes can be adjusted pre-flight to suit the pilot~s particular viewing requirements. Once set ho.levcr, no further adjustments need to be made in-flight. Siril~rly~ the position of the avionic part (13) relative to the window (31) can be set pre-flight which is another critical distance which must not ~hAnge during flight if the pilot is to be able to read the data projected onto the window (31).
Figure 5 shows a facemask of the invention i~o~rated into a full-face helmet (35) having a visor (36) which can be either fixed or pivotable upwardly out of the wearer's line of vision.
A rigid plastics shell (4) is attached to the interior of the front portion (38) of the helmet (35) by mounting arms (37) although it could be attached in some other way so as to be Lmmovable relative to the front portion of the helmet.
A dynamically movable face-piece (3) is mounted in the rigid shell (4) which can be of any type such as those already described with reference to Figures 1-3. The face-piece (3) illustrated is the same as that shown in Figure 2 and includes re-erlLLan~
section (20) but this is for illustrative ~u~oses only. Breathable gas is fed to the interior of the face-piece (3) through an inlet hose conn~cted to the gas source and regulator. None of these components are shown in Figure S for ease of illustration.
The helmet and facemask shown in Figure 5 operate in the same way as has already been described with reference to the embodiments shown in Figures 1-4.
15 It will be a~Le~iated hoev~L that the rigid shell is fixed relative to the wearer~s face due to it being mounted on the front portion (38) of the helmet which itself is a fixed distance relative to the wearer~s face. Thus, in use, the face-piece (3) moves relative to the shell (4) while the visor (36) is maint~ine~ at a fixed distance relative to the wearer~s eyes.
W O 93/21994 PC~r/G B93/00927 213~69 The mounting means (37) can incorporate adjustment means (not shown) to move the shell (4) towards or away from the wearer~s face to ensure that it makes a proper fit therewith and accommodates differences in the wearer~s facial features.
RecA-lce the visor (36) never moves relative to the wearer~s eyes during pressure breathing, the illustrated helmet is ideal for use with helmet mounted or other avionics systems.
As with the Figure 1 embodiment, the rigid front portion (4) is attA~h~A to the helmet (2) by means of the harness (5). In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 4 however, an opt;onA1 second hAr~s (32) is connected to the rigid front portion (4) adjacent the wearer~s temples and is releasably secured to the helmet (2) by means of a fitting (33). It will be seen therefore that as both harnesses (7,33) are made of an inexten~Ahle webbing material, the rigid front portion (4) of the hood (30) cannot move in a ~irection away from the helmet (2).
A dynamically movable face-piece (3) is mounted in the rigid front piece (4) which can be of any type such as those already described with reference to Figures 1-3. The face-piece (3) illustrated is the same as that shown in Figure 2 and includes re-entrant section (20) but this is for illustrative ~ul~oses only. Breathable gas is fed to the interior of the face-piece (3) through inlet hose (8) co.~e~Led to the gas source and regulator (not shown).
It will be appreciated that with the arrangement shown in Figure 4, the window (31) can be kept at a fixed distance from the pilot~s eyes at all times during flight as it is the face-piece (3) which moves relative to the wearer~s face rather than the front piece (4) or the helm~t (2) to cope with increases or decreases in the pressure of the breathable gas 5-1prl i~A to the interior of the face-piece. As a result, the viewing window (31) can be used as a screen onto which images can be projected from the avionics (13) mounted on the helmet (2) on arm (16).
As hAr~esses (5,32) include adjustment means (not 2~344G~
shown), the position of the window (31) relative to the pilot~s eyes can be adjusted pre-flight to suit the pilot~s particular viewing requirements. Once set ho.levcr, no further adjustments need to be made in-flight. Siril~rly~ the position of the avionic part (13) relative to the window (31) can be set pre-flight which is another critical distance which must not ~hAnge during flight if the pilot is to be able to read the data projected onto the window (31).
Figure 5 shows a facemask of the invention i~o~rated into a full-face helmet (35) having a visor (36) which can be either fixed or pivotable upwardly out of the wearer's line of vision.
A rigid plastics shell (4) is attached to the interior of the front portion (38) of the helmet (35) by mounting arms (37) although it could be attached in some other way so as to be Lmmovable relative to the front portion of the helmet.
A dynamically movable face-piece (3) is mounted in the rigid shell (4) which can be of any type such as those already described with reference to Figures 1-3. The face-piece (3) illustrated is the same as that shown in Figure 2 and includes re-erlLLan~
section (20) but this is for illustrative ~u~oses only. Breathable gas is fed to the interior of the face-piece (3) through an inlet hose conn~cted to the gas source and regulator. None of these components are shown in Figure S for ease of illustration.
The helmet and facemask shown in Figure 5 operate in the same way as has already been described with reference to the embodiments shown in Figures 1-4.
15 It will be a~Le~iated hoev~L that the rigid shell is fixed relative to the wearer~s face due to it being mounted on the front portion (38) of the helmet which itself is a fixed distance relative to the wearer~s face. Thus, in use, the face-piece (3) moves relative to the shell (4) while the visor (36) is maint~ine~ at a fixed distance relative to the wearer~s eyes.
W O 93/21994 PC~r/G B93/00927 213~69 The mounting means (37) can incorporate adjustment means (not shown) to move the shell (4) towards or away from the wearer~s face to ensure that it makes a proper fit therewith and accommodates differences in the wearer~s facial features.
RecA-lce the visor (36) never moves relative to the wearer~s eyes during pressure breathing, the illustrated helmet is ideal for use with helmet mounted or other avionics systems.
Claims (14)
PROPERTY OF PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Breathing Apparatus for aircrew comprising a rigid outer shell in which a flexible face-piece is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face, the face-piece incorporating an inspiratory and expiratory valve and the outer shell having means for attaching it at a fixed distance from the wearer's face, the face-piece further including extendible means automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece towards the pilot's face to improve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask and the extendable means reconfigure as a result thereof, the improvement comprising mounting transparent viewing means on the rigid outer shell in a fixed position relative thereto and located in the wearer's line of sight.
2. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the outer shell comprises the rigid front piece of a flexible NBC hood which incorporates a viewing window therein as an integral part thereof.
3. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the viewing means comprises a transparent screen mounted on means extending from the rigid shell into the pilot's line of sight.
4. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the rigid outer shell comprises the front part of a full-face protective helmet having a visor or window assembly therein which acts as the transparent viewing means.
5. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the extendable means is a bladder located between the rigid outer shell and facemask.
6. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein bellows-like configurations are provided at the periphery of the facemask which are extendable when gas is supplied to the interior thereof.
7. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the extendable means comprises an inflatable bladder in combination with bellows or similar reconfiguration.
8. Breathing apparatus for aircrew comprising a rigid outer shell in which a flexible face-piece is received whose periphery is adapted to make a seal with the pilot's face, the face-piece incorporating an inspiratory and expiratory valve in the outer shell having means for attaching it at a fixed distance from the wearer's face, the face-piece further including extendible means automatically operable to press the periphery of the face-piece towards the pilot's face to improve the seal therewith when gas at a pressure above that required for normal breathing is supplied to the facemask and the extendible means reconfigure as a result thereof, the improvement comprising transparent viewing means disposed in the wearer's line of sight and on the rigid outer shell in a fixed position relative thereto, said viewing means thereby being maintained at a fixed distance relative to the wearer's eyes.
9. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the outer shell comprises the rigid front piece of a flexible NBC
hood which incorporates a viewing window therein as an integral part thereof.
hood which incorporates a viewing window therein as an integral part thereof.
10. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the viewing means comprises a transparent screen mounted on means extending from the rigid shell into the pilot's line of sight.
11. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the rigid outer shell comprises the front part of a full-face protective helmet having a visor or window assembly therein which acts as the transparent viewing means.
12. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the extendible means is a bladder located between the rigid outer shell and facemask.
13. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the bellows-like configuration are provided at the periphery of the facemask which are extendible when gas is supplied to the interior thereof.
14. Breathing apparatus as claimed in claim 8 wherein the extendible means comprises an inflatable bladder in combination with reconfigurable means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9209627A GB2266669B (en) | 1992-05-05 | 1992-05-05 | Breathing equipment for aircrew |
| GB9209627.0 | 1992-05-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2134469A1 CA2134469A1 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
| CA2134469C true CA2134469C (en) | 1997-10-07 |
Family
ID=10714987
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002134469A Expired - Fee Related CA2134469C (en) | 1992-05-05 | 1993-05-05 | Breathing equipment for aircrew |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5649532A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0639994B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2134469C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69315691D1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2266669B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993021994A1 (en) |
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| USD823455S1 (en) | 2017-02-23 | 2018-07-17 | Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited | Cushion assembly for breathing mask assembly |
| KR102208352B1 (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2021-01-28 | 미노언 주식회사 | An air breathing apparatus having a mask having an oxygen amount display device |
| CN115364393B (en) * | 2022-01-22 | 2023-07-25 | 南通大学附属医院 | Respiratory mask with carbon dioxide monitoring function |
| CN114796916B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-11-28 | 湖北华强科技股份有限公司 | Electroacoustic communication device capable of monitoring respiratory parameters and use method |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB979357A (en) * | 1962-11-29 | 1965-01-01 | Secr Aviation | Improvements in or relating to oxygen masks |
| US3545437A (en) * | 1967-12-28 | 1970-12-08 | Nat Distillers Chem Corp | Disposable cooled oxygen mask |
| GB2045090B (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1982-08-25 | Secr Defence | Respirators |
| DE3015761A1 (en) * | 1980-04-24 | 1981-10-29 | Drägerwerk AG, 2400 Lübeck | RESPIRATORY MASK WITH INTERNAL HALF MASK |
| FR2532552B1 (en) * | 1982-09-03 | 1986-01-24 | Galet Adrien | PROTECTIVE HELMET, IN PARTICULAR FOR USE WITH A RESPIRATORY MASK |
| GB8800846D0 (en) * | 1988-01-14 | 1988-02-17 | Changestart Ltd | Exhalation valve |
| CA2086241C (en) * | 1990-06-26 | 1998-09-01 | Joseph Anthony Griffiths | Breathing equipment for aircrew |
-
1992
- 1992-05-05 GB GB9209627A patent/GB2266669B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-05-05 WO PCT/GB1993/000927 patent/WO1993021994A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-05-05 DE DE69315691T patent/DE69315691D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-05 CA CA002134469A patent/CA2134469C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-05-05 EP EP93911917A patent/EP0639994B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-05-05 US US08/331,611 patent/US5649532A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1993021994A1 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
| EP0639994A1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
| EP0639994B1 (en) | 1997-12-10 |
| CA2134469A1 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
| GB2266669A (en) | 1993-11-10 |
| GB2266669B (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| DE69315691D1 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
| GB9209627D0 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
| US5649532A (en) | 1997-07-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |