CA2095811C - Communication interface for bus connected circuit breakers - Google Patents
Communication interface for bus connected circuit breakers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2095811C CA2095811C CA 2095811 CA2095811A CA2095811C CA 2095811 C CA2095811 C CA 2095811C CA 2095811 CA2095811 CA 2095811 CA 2095811 A CA2095811 A CA 2095811A CA 2095811 C CA2095811 C CA 2095811C
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- Prior art keywords
- circuit breaker
- communication bus
- data communication
- decoding
- circuit
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0061—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning transmission of signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
- H02B1/015—Boards, panels, desks; Parts thereof or accessories therefor
- H02B1/04—Mounting thereon of switches or of other devices in general, the switch or device having, or being without, casing
- H02B1/056—Mounting on plugboards
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00012—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using an auxiliary transmission line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00034—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
- H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/20—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution using protection elements, arrangements or systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
Abstract
2095811 9307597 PCTABS00021 The present invention provides a circuit breaker control arrangement that is reliable, accurate and cost-effective to manufacture, install and maintain. This circuit breaker arrangement also provides increased modularity by alleviating the need for installing wires to connect each circuit breaker with the control station. The present invention uses circuit breakers (12) that contain internal control technology for interrupting and establishing an associated current path. At least one coded signal designates each circuit breaker, and a communication bus (30) carries these coded signals to each circuit breaker. Decoding technology (55) located on each circuit breaker determines whether the coded signal corresponds to that circuit breaker. If the coded signal does correspond to that circuit breaker, then the decoding technology responds by sending the appropriate response signal over the communication bus, and the circuit breaker's internal control technology either interrupts or establishes the associated current path.
Description
COMMUNI(:ATIOI\f INTERFACE FOR BUS CONNECTED
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Background of the Invention The present invention relates generally to circuit breakers and, more particularly, to communication schemes for controlling circuit breakers.
Description of the Related .Art Accurate and cost-effective circuit breaker control is becoming increasingly important in many applications. For example, circuit breaker control in energy management applications has becorr~e significantly more important in terms of service and sales. Proper circuit breaker control arrangements can provide tangible benefits with respect to equipment performance a:nd maintenance. Specifically, these benefits include savings of manufacturing, maintenance and energy costs, improved equipment utilization, and increased system reliability. Effective circuit breaker control designs therefore provide increased sales and profits.
While numerous circuit breaker control arrangements have been designed with the above objectives in mind, each has compromised cost and/or performance. One of the most popular arrangements., for example, includes running communication wires between a control station and circuit breakers in a load center. The circuit breakers are controlled between "make" (on) and "break" (off) states using signals passed from the control station to the circuit breakers.
Cost and performance problems with wiring circuit breakers in this manner concern manufacturing, installation and maintenance. For instance, the many wires that are required in this arrangement are expensive, and the labor involved in their installation and maintenance is extensive. Additionally, an increasing number of applications require smaller structures in which the circuit breakers must be installed, not allowing room for such conventional wiring.
Accordingly, there is need for a circuit breaker control arrangement which overcomes these deficiencies.
l~a Summary of the Invention A circuit breaker control arrangement that is reliable, accurate and cost-effective to S manufacture, install and maintain is c!°°~r~h~~
,, i A circuit breaker control arrangement that alleviates the need for installing wires to connect each circuit breaker with the control station and, thus, increases the modularity of the circuit breaker arrangement is also desirable. In alleviating that need, a circuit breaker control arrangement which employs a multidrop-like communication scheme would also be desirable.
In one aspect of the present invention there is provided a system of switching devices comprising: a plurality of circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, including means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path and including decoding means for decoding and responding to its designated coded signal; a data communication bus for carrying coded signals to and from the associated circuit breaker's decoding means; and a plurality of coupling means, physically connected to the data con~ununication bus and an associated circuit breaker, for coupling the associated circuit breaker's decoding means to the data communication bus.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a circuit breaker arrangement, comprising: a plurality of circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, each of said circuit breakers including means for interrupting and establishing; an associated current path and including decoding means for decoding and responding to a designated coded signal; a distribution panel having means for mounting each of said circuit breakers within said panel; a controller, located proximate the distribution panel, for directing the operation of the said circuit breakers by serially transmitting and receiving the designated coded signals; a data communication bus for two-way communication between the associated circuit breaker's decoding means and the controller; and a plurality of coupling means, including optical isolation means, for coupling each circuit breaker's decoding means to the data communication bus.
In another aspect of i:he invention there is provided a circuit breaker arrangement, comprising: a plurality of mountable circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, includes means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path, and includes decoding means for decoding and responding to the designated coded signal; a distribution panel having means for mounting each of said 2(a) mountable circuit breakers within said panel; a data communication bus for carrying coded signals to and from the said circuit breakers, comprising: a transmission line with LED's and a driver connected at locations along the transmission line where a circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel; a response line with photo transistors and an associated differential driver connected at locations along the response line where a circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel; a plurality of coupling means, including optical isolation means, for coupling each circuit breaker to the data communication bus, comprising: a light-emitting diode (LED) and a receiving photo transistor for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmissions where the LED is connected to the data communication bus and the receiving photo transistor connects to the decoding means for decoding the coded signal; an LED and a receiving photo transistor for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmissions where the LED is connected to the decoding means for responding to a designated coded signal and the receiving photo transistor connects to the data communication bus.
In one preferred embodiment, a multiple circuit breaker arrangement is provided.
Each of these circuit breakers may contain internal control technology that interrupts and establishes an associated current path. At least one coded signal designates each circuit breaker, and a communication bus carries these coded signals to each circuit breaker.
Decoding technology located on each circuit breaker determines whether the coded signal corresponds to that circuit breaker. If the coded signal does correspond to that circuit breaker, then the decoding technology responds by sending the appropriate response signal over the communication bus, and the circuit breaker's internal control technology either interrupts or establishes the associated current path.
Brief Description of the Drawings Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading of the following detailed description an~i upon reference to the drawing in which:
FIG. I shows a general block diagram of a circuit breaker arrangement which incorporates the present invention;
2(b) FIG. 2 is a view of a communication interface between multiple circuit breakers and a controller, where the circuiit breakers are optically coupled to the communication bus, according to thc: present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of one of the circuit breakers shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a detailed diagram of the optical coupling from the controller to the circuit ~,ro~vor.
~U~~~_!._~
WO 93/07597 _ "' PCT/US92/Uf3522 FiG. 5 is a detailed diagram of the optical coupling from circuit breaker to the controller; and FIG. 6 shows the communicata~on interface between multiple circuit breakers and a controller, where the circuit breakers are physically connected to the communication bus, according to the present invention.
While the invention is susceptible to various .modifications and alterative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiment described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment In accordance with the present invention, a circuit breaker control arrangement provides a communication scheme that advantageously eliminates significant costs and inefficiencies of other systems in the prior art.
Such an arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 1, where there is shown a multiple circuit breaker arrangement generally designated 10. The arrangement IO
comprises a bank of circuit breakers 12, a communication bus 30, a controller 14, and a distribution panel 13. The circuit breakers are coupled to a communication bus 30 to allow controller 14 to control the circuit breakers via the communication bus 30. As shown, controller 14 may be located inside or outside of the distribution panel 13 depending on the application. The arrangement 10 provides for circuit breaker control and removes the inconvenience and waste of separate control lines typically used in conventional circuit breaker control systems.
FIG. 2 illustrates an optical multidrop circuit breaker system 11 which incorporates a preferred embodiment of the present invention. System 11 includes circuit breakers I2 with power terminals 16, 17 and 18. Each circuit breaker connects to a power bus 25 via conventional power bus mounting methods (FIG.
3).
A decoding circuit 55 is mounted on each circuit breaker 12 to sample the incoming WO 93/07597 ~ ~ G ~t PCT/U~92/0852:
~~~~~~1 code sequences from the controller 14 and to initiate a response signal to controller 14.
System 11 includes more particularly optical devices 35,40,45 and 50 to optically couple circuit breaker 12 with communication bus 30. The optical devices provide electrical isolation and protect decoding circuit 55 and the electronic circuit breaker control systems from damaging electrical signals and eliminate the need for mechanical contacts. The optically coupled circuit breaker 12 communicates with controller 14 through the communication bus 30.
The controller 14 initiates the communication by sending a code sequence through communication bus 30 to optical device 35 which is connected to communication bus 30. Optical device 35 optically emits the code sequence to optical device 40, which is connected to decoding circuit 55. Decoding circuit 55 determines whether the code sequence corresponds to circuit breaker 12 using conventional digital technology. If the code sequence does not correspond to a particular circuit breaker 12, nothing happens because the code sequence designates another circuit breaker. If the code sequence corresponds to circuit breaker 12, then decoding circuit 55 responds through optical device 45 by optically signalling optical device S0, which is connected to communication bus 30. 'The response signal travels through communication bus 30 and alerts controller 14 that the proper circuit breaker 12 has received the controller's previous code sequence.
FIG. 4 illustrates a manner in which optical devices 35 and 40 of FIG. 2 optically couple communication bus 30 with circuit breaker 12 for the purpose of controller to circuit breaker communication. Controller 14 drives a bank of series LED's on the communication bus 30. ~. light-emitting diode 35 (LED 35) is optically matched up with a receiving photo transistor 40. The transistor 40 signal is amplified and converted into digital levels by setting a proper collector voltage.
Decoding circuit 55 interprets the digital signals and determines if controller 14 sent the proper code sequence for that circuit breaker.
If controller 14 transmitted the designated code sequence for circuit breaker 12, the decoding circuit 55 will initiate a response to alert controller 14 that circuit breaker 12 has received the transmission. FIG 5 shows how optical devices 45 and 50 of FIG 1 may couple circuit breaker 12 with communication bus 30. Decoding circuit 55 drives LED 45, which is optically matched up with receiving photo transistor 50.
The transistor is one of a bank of parallel open collector photo transistors on the communication bus 30. When LED 45 activates photo transistor 50, the subsequent voltage 5 change alerts controller 14 that the dlesignated circuit breaker 12 received the code sequence.
FIG 6 illustrates a preferred ~°mbodiment which uses physical connectors 60 and 65 in place of the optical devices 35, 4C1, 45 and 50 of FIG 2. The controller 114 sends a code sequence through the communication bus 130 to initiate the control communication. The code sequence passes throu~;h the physical connection 60, and the decoding circuit 155 directly samples the code sequence t~o determine if the code sequence corresponds to circuit breaker 112. If the code sequence corresponds to circuit breaker 112, then decoding circuit 155 responds through physical connection 65 to the controller 114 via the communication bus 130.
The communication scheme of the present invention does not require the expense, space and time of running communication lines between a controller and the controlled circuit breakers (or other switching devices, such as relays). Instead, the circuit breakers are coupled to a communication bus through which a controller sends code sequences to designated circuit breakers. This modular scheme also allows for easy maintenance and installation of additional circuit breakers.
The sophistication of the controller provides for a variety of possible applications.
The controller may range from a remote switchboard to a personal computer with the proper serial interface that controls multiple circuit breakers arrangements requiring synchronized control. The circuit breakers of the embodiments may include a wide variety of circuit breakers that employ convc;ntional electronic control systems. An example of an appropriate circuit breaker for the embodiments may be found in Erickson et al. (U.S.
4,623,859).
(a) While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and 5 changes may be made to the present invention described above without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. For example, an embodiment of the invention may comprise optical isolation devices located exclusively on the circuit breakers WO 93/67597 PC1'/US92/08522 ~~~5°;i ~ ._ replacing the LED/photo transistor combinations, to provide the optical coupling between the circuit breakers and the communications bus.
CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Background of the Invention The present invention relates generally to circuit breakers and, more particularly, to communication schemes for controlling circuit breakers.
Description of the Related .Art Accurate and cost-effective circuit breaker control is becoming increasingly important in many applications. For example, circuit breaker control in energy management applications has becorr~e significantly more important in terms of service and sales. Proper circuit breaker control arrangements can provide tangible benefits with respect to equipment performance a:nd maintenance. Specifically, these benefits include savings of manufacturing, maintenance and energy costs, improved equipment utilization, and increased system reliability. Effective circuit breaker control designs therefore provide increased sales and profits.
While numerous circuit breaker control arrangements have been designed with the above objectives in mind, each has compromised cost and/or performance. One of the most popular arrangements., for example, includes running communication wires between a control station and circuit breakers in a load center. The circuit breakers are controlled between "make" (on) and "break" (off) states using signals passed from the control station to the circuit breakers.
Cost and performance problems with wiring circuit breakers in this manner concern manufacturing, installation and maintenance. For instance, the many wires that are required in this arrangement are expensive, and the labor involved in their installation and maintenance is extensive. Additionally, an increasing number of applications require smaller structures in which the circuit breakers must be installed, not allowing room for such conventional wiring.
Accordingly, there is need for a circuit breaker control arrangement which overcomes these deficiencies.
l~a Summary of the Invention A circuit breaker control arrangement that is reliable, accurate and cost-effective to S manufacture, install and maintain is c!°°~r~h~~
,, i A circuit breaker control arrangement that alleviates the need for installing wires to connect each circuit breaker with the control station and, thus, increases the modularity of the circuit breaker arrangement is also desirable. In alleviating that need, a circuit breaker control arrangement which employs a multidrop-like communication scheme would also be desirable.
In one aspect of the present invention there is provided a system of switching devices comprising: a plurality of circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, including means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path and including decoding means for decoding and responding to its designated coded signal; a data communication bus for carrying coded signals to and from the associated circuit breaker's decoding means; and a plurality of coupling means, physically connected to the data con~ununication bus and an associated circuit breaker, for coupling the associated circuit breaker's decoding means to the data communication bus.
In another aspect of the invention there is provided a circuit breaker arrangement, comprising: a plurality of circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, each of said circuit breakers including means for interrupting and establishing; an associated current path and including decoding means for decoding and responding to a designated coded signal; a distribution panel having means for mounting each of said circuit breakers within said panel; a controller, located proximate the distribution panel, for directing the operation of the said circuit breakers by serially transmitting and receiving the designated coded signals; a data communication bus for two-way communication between the associated circuit breaker's decoding means and the controller; and a plurality of coupling means, including optical isolation means, for coupling each circuit breaker's decoding means to the data communication bus.
In another aspect of i:he invention there is provided a circuit breaker arrangement, comprising: a plurality of mountable circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, includes means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path, and includes decoding means for decoding and responding to the designated coded signal; a distribution panel having means for mounting each of said 2(a) mountable circuit breakers within said panel; a data communication bus for carrying coded signals to and from the said circuit breakers, comprising: a transmission line with LED's and a driver connected at locations along the transmission line where a circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel; a response line with photo transistors and an associated differential driver connected at locations along the response line where a circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel; a plurality of coupling means, including optical isolation means, for coupling each circuit breaker to the data communication bus, comprising: a light-emitting diode (LED) and a receiving photo transistor for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmissions where the LED is connected to the data communication bus and the receiving photo transistor connects to the decoding means for decoding the coded signal; an LED and a receiving photo transistor for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmissions where the LED is connected to the decoding means for responding to a designated coded signal and the receiving photo transistor connects to the data communication bus.
In one preferred embodiment, a multiple circuit breaker arrangement is provided.
Each of these circuit breakers may contain internal control technology that interrupts and establishes an associated current path. At least one coded signal designates each circuit breaker, and a communication bus carries these coded signals to each circuit breaker.
Decoding technology located on each circuit breaker determines whether the coded signal corresponds to that circuit breaker. If the coded signal does correspond to that circuit breaker, then the decoding technology responds by sending the appropriate response signal over the communication bus, and the circuit breaker's internal control technology either interrupts or establishes the associated current path.
Brief Description of the Drawings Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading of the following detailed description an~i upon reference to the drawing in which:
FIG. I shows a general block diagram of a circuit breaker arrangement which incorporates the present invention;
2(b) FIG. 2 is a view of a communication interface between multiple circuit breakers and a controller, where the circuiit breakers are optically coupled to the communication bus, according to thc: present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of one of the circuit breakers shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a detailed diagram of the optical coupling from the controller to the circuit ~,ro~vor.
~U~~~_!._~
WO 93/07597 _ "' PCT/US92/Uf3522 FiG. 5 is a detailed diagram of the optical coupling from circuit breaker to the controller; and FIG. 6 shows the communicata~on interface between multiple circuit breakers and a controller, where the circuit breakers are physically connected to the communication bus, according to the present invention.
While the invention is susceptible to various .modifications and alterative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiment described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment In accordance with the present invention, a circuit breaker control arrangement provides a communication scheme that advantageously eliminates significant costs and inefficiencies of other systems in the prior art.
Such an arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 1, where there is shown a multiple circuit breaker arrangement generally designated 10. The arrangement IO
comprises a bank of circuit breakers 12, a communication bus 30, a controller 14, and a distribution panel 13. The circuit breakers are coupled to a communication bus 30 to allow controller 14 to control the circuit breakers via the communication bus 30. As shown, controller 14 may be located inside or outside of the distribution panel 13 depending on the application. The arrangement 10 provides for circuit breaker control and removes the inconvenience and waste of separate control lines typically used in conventional circuit breaker control systems.
FIG. 2 illustrates an optical multidrop circuit breaker system 11 which incorporates a preferred embodiment of the present invention. System 11 includes circuit breakers I2 with power terminals 16, 17 and 18. Each circuit breaker connects to a power bus 25 via conventional power bus mounting methods (FIG.
3).
A decoding circuit 55 is mounted on each circuit breaker 12 to sample the incoming WO 93/07597 ~ ~ G ~t PCT/U~92/0852:
~~~~~~1 code sequences from the controller 14 and to initiate a response signal to controller 14.
System 11 includes more particularly optical devices 35,40,45 and 50 to optically couple circuit breaker 12 with communication bus 30. The optical devices provide electrical isolation and protect decoding circuit 55 and the electronic circuit breaker control systems from damaging electrical signals and eliminate the need for mechanical contacts. The optically coupled circuit breaker 12 communicates with controller 14 through the communication bus 30.
The controller 14 initiates the communication by sending a code sequence through communication bus 30 to optical device 35 which is connected to communication bus 30. Optical device 35 optically emits the code sequence to optical device 40, which is connected to decoding circuit 55. Decoding circuit 55 determines whether the code sequence corresponds to circuit breaker 12 using conventional digital technology. If the code sequence does not correspond to a particular circuit breaker 12, nothing happens because the code sequence designates another circuit breaker. If the code sequence corresponds to circuit breaker 12, then decoding circuit 55 responds through optical device 45 by optically signalling optical device S0, which is connected to communication bus 30. 'The response signal travels through communication bus 30 and alerts controller 14 that the proper circuit breaker 12 has received the controller's previous code sequence.
FIG. 4 illustrates a manner in which optical devices 35 and 40 of FIG. 2 optically couple communication bus 30 with circuit breaker 12 for the purpose of controller to circuit breaker communication. Controller 14 drives a bank of series LED's on the communication bus 30. ~. light-emitting diode 35 (LED 35) is optically matched up with a receiving photo transistor 40. The transistor 40 signal is amplified and converted into digital levels by setting a proper collector voltage.
Decoding circuit 55 interprets the digital signals and determines if controller 14 sent the proper code sequence for that circuit breaker.
If controller 14 transmitted the designated code sequence for circuit breaker 12, the decoding circuit 55 will initiate a response to alert controller 14 that circuit breaker 12 has received the transmission. FIG 5 shows how optical devices 45 and 50 of FIG 1 may couple circuit breaker 12 with communication bus 30. Decoding circuit 55 drives LED 45, which is optically matched up with receiving photo transistor 50.
The transistor is one of a bank of parallel open collector photo transistors on the communication bus 30. When LED 45 activates photo transistor 50, the subsequent voltage 5 change alerts controller 14 that the dlesignated circuit breaker 12 received the code sequence.
FIG 6 illustrates a preferred ~°mbodiment which uses physical connectors 60 and 65 in place of the optical devices 35, 4C1, 45 and 50 of FIG 2. The controller 114 sends a code sequence through the communication bus 130 to initiate the control communication. The code sequence passes throu~;h the physical connection 60, and the decoding circuit 155 directly samples the code sequence t~o determine if the code sequence corresponds to circuit breaker 112. If the code sequence corresponds to circuit breaker 112, then decoding circuit 155 responds through physical connection 65 to the controller 114 via the communication bus 130.
The communication scheme of the present invention does not require the expense, space and time of running communication lines between a controller and the controlled circuit breakers (or other switching devices, such as relays). Instead, the circuit breakers are coupled to a communication bus through which a controller sends code sequences to designated circuit breakers. This modular scheme also allows for easy maintenance and installation of additional circuit breakers.
The sophistication of the controller provides for a variety of possible applications.
The controller may range from a remote switchboard to a personal computer with the proper serial interface that controls multiple circuit breakers arrangements requiring synchronized control. The circuit breakers of the embodiments may include a wide variety of circuit breakers that employ convc;ntional electronic control systems. An example of an appropriate circuit breaker for the embodiments may be found in Erickson et al. (U.S.
4,623,859).
(a) While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to particular embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and 5 changes may be made to the present invention described above without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. For example, an embodiment of the invention may comprise optical isolation devices located exclusively on the circuit breakers WO 93/67597 PC1'/US92/08522 ~~~5°;i ~ ._ replacing the LED/photo transistor combinations, to provide the optical coupling between the circuit breakers and the communications bus.
Claims (19)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS.
1. A system of switching devices comprising:
a plurality of circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, including means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path and including decoding means for decoding and responding to its designated coded signal;
a data communication bus for carrying coded signals to and from the associated circuit breaker's decoding means; and a plurality of coupling means, physically connected to the data communication bus and an associated circuit breaker, for coupling the associated circuit breaker's decoding means to the data communication bus.
a plurality of circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, including means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path and including decoding means for decoding and responding to its designated coded signal;
a data communication bus for carrying coded signals to and from the associated circuit breaker's decoding means; and a plurality of coupling means, physically connected to the data communication bus and an associated circuit breaker, for coupling the associated circuit breaker's decoding means to the data communication bus.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein a controller directs the operation of said circuit breakers by transmitting and receiving the designated coded signals.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein said decoding means for decoding and responding to a coded signal is accomplished with a synchronous digital circuit that properly decodes the incoming coded signal and properly transmits a response signal.
4. The system according to claim 2, that includes a distribution panel having means therein for mounting the controller and each of said circuit breakers.
5. The system according to claim 1, wherein said data communication bus comprises:
a transmission line for carrying the coded signals to each circuit breaker's decoding means; and a response line for carrying the response signal from the circuit breaker's decoding means after receiving the coded signal designated for that circuit breaker.
a transmission line for carrying the coded signals to each circuit breaker's decoding means; and a response line for carrying the response signal from the circuit breaker's decoding means after receiving the coded signal designated for that circuit breaker.
6. The system according to claim 1, wherein said coupling means includes optical isolation means.
7. The system according to claim 6, wherein said optical isolation means comprise:
a light-emitting diode (LED) .and a receiving photo transistor for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmissions where the LED is connected to the data communication bus and the receiving photo transistor connects to said decoding means for decoding the coded signal; and an LED and a receiving photo transistor for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmissions where the LED is connected to said decoding means for responding to a designated coded signal and the receiving photo transistor connects to the data communication bus.
a light-emitting diode (LED) .and a receiving photo transistor for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmissions where the LED is connected to the data communication bus and the receiving photo transistor connects to said decoding means for decoding the coded signal; and an LED and a receiving photo transistor for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmissions where the LED is connected to said decoding means for responding to a designated coded signal and the receiving photo transistor connects to the data communication bus.
8. The system according to claim 6, wherein the data communication bus comprises:
a transmission line with LED's and associated drivers connected at locations along the transmission line where a circuit breaker is optically coupled to the data communication bus for carrying coded signals to the circuit breaker; and a response line with photo transistors and associated drivers connected at locations along the response line where a circuit breaker is optically coupled to the data communication bus for carrying circuit breaker response signals.
a transmission line with LED's and associated drivers connected at locations along the transmission line where a circuit breaker is optically coupled to the data communication bus for carrying coded signals to the circuit breaker; and a response line with photo transistors and associated drivers connected at locations along the response line where a circuit breaker is optically coupled to the data communication bus for carrying circuit breaker response signals.
9. The system according to claim 6, wherein said optical isolation means is located on each circuit breaker.
10. The system according to claim 6, wherein the optical isolation means comprise a first opto-isolation arrangement, located on said associated circuit breaker, for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmission where a photo receiving component of the first opto-isolation arrangement connects to said decoding means of the circuit breaker, and a photo transmitting component makes contact with the data communication bus; and a second opto-isolation arrangement, located on said associated circuit breaker, for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmission where a photo transmitting component of the the second opto-isolation arrangement connects to said decoding means of said circuit breaker and a photo receiving component makes contact with the communication bus.
11. A circuit breaker arrangement, according to claim 10, wherein the data communication bus comprises:
a transmission line for carrying coded signals to the circuit breaker's decoding means such that the transmission line makes contact with the first opto-isolation arrangement's photo transmitting component; and a response line for carrying a response signal transmitted by the circuit breaker's decoding means such that the response line makes contact with the second opto-isolation arrangement's photo receiving component.
a transmission line for carrying coded signals to the circuit breaker's decoding means such that the transmission line makes contact with the first opto-isolation arrangement's photo transmitting component; and a response line for carrying a response signal transmitted by the circuit breaker's decoding means such that the response line makes contact with the second opto-isolation arrangement's photo receiving component.
12. A circuit breaker arrangement, comprising:
a plurality of circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, each of said circuit breakers including means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path and including decoding means for decoding and responding to a designated coded signal;
a distribution panel having means for mounting each of said circuit breakers within said panel;
a controller, located proximate the distribution panel, for directing the operation of the said circuit breakers by serially transmitting and receiving the designated coded signals;
a data communication bus for two-way communication between the associated circuit breaker's decoding means and the controller; and a plurality of coupling means, including optical isolation means, for coupling each circuit breaker's decoding means to the data communication bus.
a plurality of circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, each of said circuit breakers including means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path and including decoding means for decoding and responding to a designated coded signal;
a distribution panel having means for mounting each of said circuit breakers within said panel;
a controller, located proximate the distribution panel, for directing the operation of the said circuit breakers by serially transmitting and receiving the designated coded signals;
a data communication bus for two-way communication between the associated circuit breaker's decoding means and the controller; and a plurality of coupling means, including optical isolation means, for coupling each circuit breaker's decoding means to the data communication bus.
13. The circuit breaker arrangement, according to claim 12, wherein the controller comprises:
a serial interface with the data communication bus for transmitting coded signals over the data communication bus to t:he circuit breakers and for receiving response signals from the circuit breakers;
a means for generating the proper coded signals that are transmitted through the serial interface, over the data communication bus and to the circuit breakers such that the decoding means on each circuit breaker may decode the coded signal; and a means for sampling; the data communication bus for a response signal from the circuit breaker designated by the controller's coded signal.
a serial interface with the data communication bus for transmitting coded signals over the data communication bus to t:he circuit breakers and for receiving response signals from the circuit breakers;
a means for generating the proper coded signals that are transmitted through the serial interface, over the data communication bus and to the circuit breakers such that the decoding means on each circuit breaker may decode the coded signal; and a means for sampling; the data communication bus for a response signal from the circuit breaker designated by the controller's coded signal.
14. The circuit breaker arrangement, according to claim 12, wherein said decoding means for decoding and responding to the coded signals is accomplished with a synchronous digital circuit that properly decodes the incoming coded signal and properly transmits a response signal.
15. The circuit breaker arrangement, according to claim 12, wherein said optical isolation means comprises:
a light-emitting diode (LED) and a receiving photo transistor for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmissions where the LED is connected to the data communication bus and the receiving photo transistor connects to the decoding means for decoding the coded signal; and an LED and a receiving photo transistor for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmissions where the LED is connected to said decoding means for responding to a designated coded signal and the receiving photo transistor connects to the data communication bus.
a light-emitting diode (LED) and a receiving photo transistor for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmissions where the LED is connected to the data communication bus and the receiving photo transistor connects to the decoding means for decoding the coded signal; and an LED and a receiving photo transistor for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmissions where the LED is connected to said decoding means for responding to a designated coded signal and the receiving photo transistor connects to the data communication bus.
16. The circuit breaker arrangement, according to claim 12, wherein the data communication bus comprises:
a transmission line with LED's and associated drivers connected at locations along the transmission line where a circuit breaker is optically coupled to the data communication bus for carrying coded signals to the circuit breaker; and a response line with photo transistors and associated drivers connected at locations along the response line where a circuit breaker is optically coupled to the data communication bus for carrying circuit breaker response signals.
a transmission line with LED's and associated drivers connected at locations along the transmission line where a circuit breaker is optically coupled to the data communication bus for carrying coded signals to the circuit breaker; and a response line with photo transistors and associated drivers connected at locations along the response line where a circuit breaker is optically coupled to the data communication bus for carrying circuit breaker response signals.
17. The circuit breaker arrangement, according to claim 12, wherein the optical isolation means is located on each circuit breaker and comprises:
a first opto-isolation arrangement, located on the circuit breaker, for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmission where a photo receiving component of the first opto-isolation arrangement connects to said decoding means of the circuit breaker, and a photo transmitting component snakes contact with the data communication bus; and a second opto-isolation arrangement, located on the circuit breaker, for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmission where a photo transmitting component of the second opto-isolation arrangement which connects to said decoding means of the circuit breaker and a photo receiving component makes contact with the communication bus.
a first opto-isolation arrangement, located on the circuit breaker, for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmission where a photo receiving component of the first opto-isolation arrangement connects to said decoding means of the circuit breaker, and a photo transmitting component snakes contact with the data communication bus; and a second opto-isolation arrangement, located on the circuit breaker, for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmission where a photo transmitting component of the second opto-isolation arrangement which connects to said decoding means of the circuit breaker and a photo receiving component makes contact with the communication bus.
18. The circuit breaker arrangement, according to claim 17, wherein the communication bus comprises:
a transmission line for carrying coded signals to the circuit breaker's decoding means such that the transmission line makes contact with a LED of said first opto-isolation arrangement when the circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel; and a response line for carrying a response signal transmitted by the circuit breaker's decoding means such that the response line makes contact with a photo transistor component of said second opto-isolation arrangement when the circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel.
a transmission line for carrying coded signals to the circuit breaker's decoding means such that the transmission line makes contact with a LED of said first opto-isolation arrangement when the circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel; and a response line for carrying a response signal transmitted by the circuit breaker's decoding means such that the response line makes contact with a photo transistor component of said second opto-isolation arrangement when the circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel.
19. A circuit breaker arrangement, comprising:
a plurality of mountable circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, includes means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path, and includes decoding means for decoding and responding to the designated coded signal;
a distribution panel having means for mounting each of said mountable circuit breakers within said panel;
a data communication bus for carrying coded signals to and from the said circuit breakers, comprising:
a transmission line with LED's and an assoicated driver connected at locations along the transmission line where a circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel;
a response line with photo transistors and an associated driver connected at locations along the response line where a circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel;
a plurality of coupling means, including optical isolation means, for coupling each circuit breaker to the data communication bus, comprising:
a light-emitting diode (LED) and a receiving photo transistor for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmissions where the LED is connected to the data communication bus and the receiving photo transistor connects to the decoding means for decoding the coded signal;
an LED and a receiving photo transistor for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmissions where the LED is connected to the decoding means for responding to a designated coded signal and the receiving photo transistor connects to the data communication bus.
a plurality of mountable circuit breakers wherein each of said circuit breakers is designated by at least one coded signal, includes means for interrupting and establishing an associated current path, and includes decoding means for decoding and responding to the designated coded signal;
a distribution panel having means for mounting each of said mountable circuit breakers within said panel;
a data communication bus for carrying coded signals to and from the said circuit breakers, comprising:
a transmission line with LED's and an assoicated driver connected at locations along the transmission line where a circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel;
a response line with photo transistors and an associated driver connected at locations along the response line where a circuit breaker is mounted on the distribution panel;
a plurality of coupling means, including optical isolation means, for coupling each circuit breaker to the data communication bus, comprising:
a light-emitting diode (LED) and a receiving photo transistor for data communication bus to circuit breaker transmissions where the LED is connected to the data communication bus and the receiving photo transistor connects to the decoding means for decoding the coded signal;
an LED and a receiving photo transistor for circuit breaker to data communication bus transmissions where the LED is connected to the decoding means for responding to a designated coded signal and the receiving photo transistor connects to the data communication bus.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/772,998 | 1991-10-08 | ||
| US07/772,998 US5821876A (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1991-10-08 | Communication interface for bus connected circuit breakers |
| PCT/US1992/008522 WO1993007597A1 (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1992-10-07 | Communication interface for bus connected circuit breakers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2095811A1 CA2095811A1 (en) | 1993-04-09 |
| CA2095811C true CA2095811C (en) | 2001-03-20 |
Family
ID=25096865
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2095811 Expired - Lifetime CA2095811C (en) | 1991-10-08 | 1992-10-07 | Communication interface for bus connected circuit breakers |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5821876A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0560973A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3310285B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2095811C (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9205779A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993007597A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4200818A1 (en) * | 1992-01-15 | 1993-07-22 | Wieland Elektrische Industrie | DISTRIBUTOR FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION SYSTEMS |
| DE4409318C2 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1996-05-30 | Hey Tec Regelungstechn Gmbh | Switch distributor for switching electrical consumers on and off |
| DE19606579A1 (en) * | 1996-02-22 | 1997-08-28 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Switch arrangement for switching the electrical energy supply of electrical consumers on and off |
| AP854A (en) | 1996-05-10 | 2000-07-03 | Circuit Breaker Industries Ltd | Modular circuit breaker interconnection system. |
| IL124361A0 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 1998-12-06 | Benny Gaber | Uterine tissue collector |
| DE19839288C1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-05-04 | Siemens Ag | System for energy and data distribution in energy distribution systems |
| FR2788381B1 (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2002-11-22 | Fabien Cavic | PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT DEVICE OF AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION, ESPECIALLY DOMESTIC |
| US6445571B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2002-09-03 | Astec International Limited | Combined DC/data bus for electrical equipment |
| US6618649B1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2003-09-09 | Emc Corporation | Methods and apparatus for characterizing a circuit breaker device |
| US6522227B1 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2003-02-18 | General Electric Company | Remote operated circuit breaker panel |
| US7280013B2 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2007-10-09 | Tdh Solutions, Llc | Self-contained breaker reset system and method |
| US6963042B1 (en) * | 2003-11-17 | 2005-11-08 | Harry Kouris | Remote controlled circuit breaker switch handle engagement apparatus |
| US6861931B1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-03-01 | Joseph J. Corliss | Portable remote control circuit breaker system |
| US7623011B2 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2009-11-24 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Device for remotely operating a circuit breaker apparatus and associated assembly and method |
| US7679478B2 (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2010-03-16 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Lighting control module mechanical override |
| US7745959B2 (en) * | 2006-09-22 | 2010-06-29 | Siemens Industry, Inc. | Integrated lighting control panel with analog inputs/outputs |
| US7834724B2 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2010-11-16 | General Electric Company | Electromechanical interlock for electrical protection devices |
| US8111148B2 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2012-02-07 | Parker Kevin L | Method and apparatus for bi-directional communication with a miniature circuit breaker |
| US9885755B2 (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2018-02-06 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Load center monitor with optical waveguide sheet |
| US20160225562A1 (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2016-08-04 | Unilectric, Llc | Enhanced circuit breakers and circuit breaker panels and systems and methods using the same |
| US10283302B2 (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2019-05-07 | Miller-Eads Co. Inc. | Remote controlled circuit breaker panel system |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3842249A (en) * | 1971-10-19 | 1974-10-15 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrical system with programmed computer control and manually initiated control means |
| DE2543028C2 (en) * | 1975-09-26 | 1983-04-07 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Electrical system for remote actuation of electrical consumers arranged at one or more points |
| US4535332A (en) * | 1979-10-30 | 1985-08-13 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for controlling distributed electrical loads |
| US4308511A (en) * | 1980-01-10 | 1981-12-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Load management circuit breaker |
| US4338647A (en) * | 1980-04-15 | 1982-07-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Circuit interrupter with digital trip unit and optically-coupled data input/output system |
| US4467314A (en) * | 1982-03-29 | 1984-08-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electric utility communication system with field installation terminal and load management terminal with remotely assignable unique address |
| US4556882A (en) * | 1982-11-15 | 1985-12-03 | Eaton Corporation | Remote control circuit breaker system with on-off-tripped-problem status storage and indication |
| JPS62123895A (en) * | 1985-11-25 | 1987-06-05 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Remote supervisory and controlling equipment |
| US4819180A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1989-04-04 | Dencor Energy Cost Controls, Inc. | Variable-limit demand controller for metering electrical energy |
| US4996646A (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1991-02-26 | Square D Company | Microprocessor-controlled circuit breaker and system |
| US4918566A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1990-04-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Electronic control of solenoid operated circuit breakers |
-
1991
- 1991-10-08 US US07/772,998 patent/US5821876A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1992
- 1992-10-07 WO PCT/US1992/008522 patent/WO1993007597A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-10-07 CA CA 2095811 patent/CA2095811C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-07 JP JP50715393A patent/JP3310285B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-10-07 EP EP19920921843 patent/EP0560973A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-10-08 MX MX9205779A patent/MX9205779A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0560973A4 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
| MX9205779A (en) | 1993-05-01 |
| EP0560973A1 (en) | 1993-09-22 |
| US5821876A (en) | 1998-10-13 |
| JP3310285B2 (en) | 2002-08-05 |
| WO1993007597A1 (en) | 1993-04-15 |
| CA2095811A1 (en) | 1993-04-09 |
| JPH06503704A (en) | 1994-04-21 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |