CA2050426A1 - Method and apparatus for enhancing a randomly varying security characteristic - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for enhancing a randomly varying security characteristicInfo
- Publication number
- CA2050426A1 CA2050426A1 CA002050426A CA2050426A CA2050426A1 CA 2050426 A1 CA2050426 A1 CA 2050426A1 CA 002050426 A CA002050426 A CA 002050426A CA 2050426 A CA2050426 A CA 2050426A CA 2050426 A1 CA2050426 A1 CA 2050426A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- magnetic
- random
- slurry
- medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
- G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
- G06K1/125—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching by magnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/08—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means
- G06K19/10—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards
- G06K19/12—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means at least one kind of marking being used for authentication, e.g. of credit or identity cards the marking being sensed by magnetic means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/34—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using cards, e.g. integrated circuit [IC] cards or magnetic cards
- G06Q20/347—Passive cards
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/0806—Details of the card
- G07F7/0813—Specific details related to card security
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/086—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means by passive credit-cards adapted therefor, e.g. constructive particularities to avoid counterfeiting, e.g. by inclusion of a physical or chemical security-layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/12—Card verification
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/08—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
- G07F7/12—Card verification
- G07F7/125—Offline card verification
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A randomly varying modulated current is generated and used to drive a magnetic write head in an apparatus for enhancing a randomly varying magnetic security characteristic of a medium. The write head can be positioned adjacent a fluid magnetic slurry for the purpose of altering the location of the various magnetic particles therein in a random fashion. The slurry can then be hardened thermally or using ultraviolet dryers.
A circuit which can generate the randomly variable current for the read head includes a modulator which receives a first randomly variable signal and a second, different, randomly varying signal which modulates the first signal.
A circuit which can generate the randomly variable current for the read head includes a modulator which receives a first randomly variable signal and a second, different, randomly varying signal which modulates the first signal.
Description
2 ~
-~~T~OD ~ App~Tr~ FS:~R ~ A
~ Y ~ARYING 8EclI I~C~i~B~
Fiel~ ~ th0 :Cn~Q~tio~
The invention pert:ains to ~;ecurity ~;y tems useabl~ to authenticate documents or other ob~ec:t~. Mc>re particularly, the invention pertain~3 to an apparatus and a method fox ar~iIicially enhancing an existing random characteristic of a medium for E;ecurity purpose~:.
~lcqrou;~dl o~ th~ v~l3ntio~ ;
Various typ~!!8 of ~ecurity ~ystems usable to authenticate doc:uments or oth2r ob~eots are lcn~wn. For example, U.~;. Patent No. 4,506,98B to Copella entitled "Object Veri~ication 5ystem ~nd Method", assigned to the assignee o~ the present invention and incorpora'ced herein lS by referenc2, discloses a particular ~oxm ~f a security ~ystem which utilizes chara~teristics o~ ~paced-apart magnetic regions. Previous~y issued ~.S~ Patent ~o.
4,837,426 to Pease et al. entitled 'IObject Veri~i~ation Apparatus and Method" describe~ a particular form o~ a magnetic security ~ystem which is usable with a continuously extending magnet~c region.
Other ~y~te~s are known whi~h utilize a randomly varyin~ translucency characteristic of paper and the like.
Security ~ystems are al~o possible where another randomly varying characteristic, ~uch a~ print variations, o~ an ob~ect or 3 document are ~vailabls ~or U5~
Prior systems hav~ often util~ed the randomly varying ch3racteristias a~ they existed in the document or the ob~ect. ~hile ~u~h syst~ms are us~ul, th~re are t~m~s when it would be desirable to physically 2nhance or ~xaggerate the random v~riation at ~he ~ime whe~ the randomly va~ying characteristic i8 ~r~ated.
~he abov~: noted Pea~a et al. patent ~akes re~erence to enhancing random magnet~c regio~ by:
underprinting or overpr~nting wi~h magne~ic ~nk in the 2 ~
vicinity o~ the magnetic security regionO The same patent also refers to embossing, ~cratching or o-ther methods of removable of a portion of the magnetic material to create a more readily detectable characteristic.
Beyond creating an e~aggerated or an enhanced ~ecurity region by physically altering a portion of the region, it would be desirable to be able to do so in such a way so as to make duplication or copying of the enhanced regions difficult or impossible. Further, it would be desirable ~o be able ~o create an enhanced ~tructure using a method which does not appreciably add to the cost of producing what might otherwise be a very inexpensive document.
um~ary o~ the In~entio~
An apparatus for creating an enhanced random security characteristic in a region of a medium includes a 6ignal modulator. A random electrical output ~rom the modulator is coupled to an output device~
~he output device can generate one of a plurality o~ different ~ypes o~ physical outputs depending on the medium to be enhanced.
I~ the medium i~ magnetic, the output device can be a magnetic write head. I~ the medium is optical, the output device can be a source of light energy such as a laser. X~ the medium is thermally sensitive, the outpu~
device can be a source o~ thermal enerqy.
The modulat~r can receive a randomly varying input signal to be modulated. The modulating signal can be a second randomly varying siqnal.
3Q The result of using the present apparatus will be an enhanced, permanent, randomly varying characteristic in or on the region of the medium, to be used for security purps:~;es,. Because the region has been enhanced by means oi one or more randomly varying signal~, the process is , 2 ~
-very di~icult if not impossible to ~mulatP. Further, no two regions will be enhanced in the same way.
A method of enhancing includes the steps of~
providing a medium having a randomly varying characteristic;
generating a random condition; and modi~ying the medium in response to the random condition to create an enhanced randomly varying characteristic.
0 Numerous other advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent ~rom the following detailed description of the invention and the embodiments thereof, from the claims and from the accompanying drawings in which the detail~ o~ the invention are ~ully and completely disclo~ed as a part of this specification.
risf De oriPtion of th~ ~rax~a~
Figure 1 is a block diagram schematic illustrating an electrical system for enhancing a magnetic security region in accordance with the present invention;
Fiqure 2 is a graph illustrating plots of various electrical signals5 from the block diagram of Figure 1, as a function of time;
Figures 3A-3C il~ustrate schematically, in 2S various views, a representation of an enhanced magnetic security region;
Figures 4A-4C illustrate schematically, in various views, an alternate enhanced magnetia security ~ region; and Figure 5 is an overall schematic diagram o a system ~or enhancing the rand~ magnetic characteristic o~ a magnetic ~ecurity region in accor~ance with the present in~ention.
2 ~
etaile~ De~ori~;o~ of_the Pre~erre~_E~di~tY
While this invention is susceptible o~
embodiment in many different forms, ther~ are ~hown in the drawiny and will be described herein in detail specific embodiments thereof with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification o~ khe principles o~ the invention and is not intended to limit the in~ention to the specific embodiment illustrated.
Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram schematic of an electrical system 10 usable to alter the distribution of magnetic particles in a fluid magnetic stripe. For example, magnetic 6tripes are o~ten created on documents by depositing a slurry on a moving underlying medium. The medium can be a card stock or a plastic material from which individual documents can be created.
The slurry, until subsequently being hardened contains numerous, suspended, movable magnetiG particles.
When hardened, a permanent magnetic stripe with fixed magnetic characteristics ~s formed.
The ele~trical system 10 of Figure 1 can be used to modify selected portions o~ the magnetic slurry before the slurry is hardened. As a reslllt, the physical distribution of the magnetic particles in the slurry can be substantially altered, in a random fashion, using the system 10, The system 10 ~ncludes an NRZ (non-return to zero) modulator 1~. The modulator ~2 has an input port 14 for an electrical signal to be modula~ed and an input port 16 ~or a modulating signal.
The ~odulator 12 also includes a modulated output port 18. A noise generator 22 which generat~s an ap~roximation to white noise, for exampler can be used to proYide an electrical signal with a randomly varying amplitude~ ~he randomly varying eleo~rical output ~rom 2~5,~a2~
the generator 22, on a line 22a can be coupled to the input port ~4 of the modulator 12.
A second noise generator 26 can be used to create a randomly varying amplitude electrical signal on S a line Z6a. The electrical signal on the line 26~ can be used as an input to a voltage controlled oscillator 28~
Output fro~ the voltage controlled oscillator on a line 28a various in frequency in response to the amplitude ~f the randomly varying signal on line 26a.
Output from the voltage controlled oscillator 28 is coupled via the line 28a to the modulation input port 16 of the modulator 120 The line 28a is also coupled as an input to the first generaltor 22 so as to synchroniz~
the signal variation~ on the line 22a with the ~requency variations on the line 28a.
()utput from the modulator at the port 18 is coupled to a magnetic wri~e head 30 via a line 12a.
Output from the magnetic write head 30, an elecltro-magneti~ field, can be used to displace the magnetic ~0 particles in an adjacent moving magnetic slurry.
Figure 2 is a graph illus~rating~various wave-forms of the circuit of P~igure 1 a a function of time.
The top most waveform, a constant amplitude signal o~
variable ~requency corresponds to the output o~ the 2S voltage control oscillator ~8 on the line 28a. The second wave form in the graph of Figure 2 c~rresponds to a randomly varying amplitude signal generated by noise generator 2~ which fo~ms ~he input on the line 26a to th~
voltage control osoillator 28.
30 : The ~hird waveform in Figure 2 represents a randomly ~arying amplitude electrical signal generated on a line 22b which i~ internal to the nois~ generator 22.
The fourth electrical signal in th~ graph o~ Figure 2 i5 the ~lectrical signal on the line ~Za with a randomly varying ampli~ude, bas~d on the eleGtrical sig~al on line 2 ~7 22b, synchronized in frequency with the output on the line 28a of the voltage controlled oscillat.or 28.
The bottom signal o~ the graph o~ ~igure 2 is a representation o~ the modulated out'put ~urrent on the S line 12a from the modulator 12 whi~h is the driving current for the write head 30. Thls electro-magnetic signals generated by the write head 30J responsive to the current on the line 12a, alter the spatial distri~ution;
in a random fashion, of the ~agnetic particles in an adjacent magnetic slurry. This alteration results in an enhanced random magnetic security characteristi~.
Figures 3A-3C represent diagrammatically the altered densities of the magnetic ~lurry which can be achieved us~ng the sy~te~ 10.
For example, with respect to Figure 3A, a verifiable document or card 40 is ~ormed with a support medium 42 which could be plastic or card stock. Carried on the medium 42 is a previou~ly deposited and hardened magnetic stripe 44. Prior to hardening the~ magneti~
~tripe 44, the fluid slurry was subjected to electromagnetic fields generated by the system 10 using the write head 30.
Figure 3B, an enlarged sectional view, illustrates variations in the density of the particles o~
the magnetic stripe 44 which have been created by means of the system lOo For example, region 50a represents pictorially a higher density concentration of magnetic particles than is present in an adjacent region o~ a : different size o~ 50b.
Adjacent to the lower density region 50b is yet another region of a diffe~ent density and length ~Oc.
Thus, ~s illustrated in Pigure 3B, th~ ma~netic stripe 40, in it~ hardened state, incIudes a plurali~y of spaced apart 2nhanced magnetic reyions having differing]nagnetic oh~raoteristic~ and different ~ize~.
. .
~.~
.
2~5~
Figur~ 3C is an enlargement o~ a portion of the magnetic stripe 44 a~ ~een in a top elevational view.
The enlarged detail illustrated in Fi.gure 3C corresponds to the ectional ~iew of Figure 3B.
The region 44 illustrated in Figure 3C i~ formed with three distinct sections. Section 44a and section 44b represent regions of the magnetic slurry which prior to hardening were not subjected to sufficient strength of the electromagnetic field ~rom the write head 30 o~ the system 10 to disturb the random distribution of the magnetic particles so as to create an enhanced random magnetic region.
The portion 44c, on the other hand, corresponding to the seational view o~ Figure 3B, lS represent~ the part o~ the magnetic stripe 44 which has been subjected to the enhancing electromagnetic field o~
the write head 3~. The shadings and various colors illustrated:in the region 44c are indicative o~ varying densiti2s of magnetic particle~ present in the hardened stripe 44.
The region 44 thus repre~ents a permanent, enhanced, randomly varying magnetic characteristic embedded within the magnetic ~tripe 44. This characteristic c~n be read and compared to a previously stored representation ~hereo~ as disclosed and taught in ths previou~ly issued Pease et al. and Copella patents.
Figures 4A-4C illustrate the verifiable document 42 with a dif~erent, enhanced, random chaxacteristic. The ~a~netic stripe 44 has been modified across its entixe width by a system such as the:sy6tem 10. As illustrated in Figure ~C, the portion 4~c which includas ~he enhanced randomly va~ying magneti~ charac~eristic extends for the entire width of the stripe 44.
Figur 5 illu~trate~ a system 60 which incorporates the ~ystem 10 coupled to the read head 30 in conjunztion with a slurry extruding dev:ice. As illustrate in Figure 5, the system 60 includes a medium 62 movable perhaps by roller~ or the like past a ~agnetic stripe extrusion head 64. As the m@dium 62 moves in a direction 62a under the extrusion head 64, a magnetic stripe 6~ is extruded in a fluid co~dition.
As the medium 62 continues to movP in the diraction 62a, the deposited stripe 66 moves past the adjacent write head 30 which i~ ~eing ~ri~n by the sys~em 10. As the stripe 66 moves past the write head 30, the magnetic p~rticles therein are displaced as indicated schemati~ally in Figures 3c and 4c, depending on the width of the electromagnetic ~ield and the strength thereof relative to the width o~ the stripe 66. Subse~uently, the enhanced magnetic ~lurry, still in a liguid state, passes through a dryer 66 whi~h hardens the sl~rry and fxeezes the displa~ed magnetic particles permanently in place.
When the medium wi~h the hardened magnetic stripe 66 exits the dryer 70, the medium can be cut to form discrete cards or documents such as the document 42.
As a result of cutting and æhaping the documant 42, the portion o~ the magnetic stripe 44 carxied on the document will also carry with it the permanently enhanced magneti~
region that is illustrated by the region 44c.
While the present method and apparatus have been disclosed and described in terms o~ ~ magnetically based security system, ik will ~e understood that the characteristics of the particular enhanceable medium are r,ot a limitation of the present inventionO For examplP, alternately, instead of a magnetic medium, an optical medium can be used~ Instead of a write head, such as the writ~ head 30, a modulatable light or laser can be used to expose regions of ~he optical medium.
A ~odulated laser can be used as an output device ~or removing or burning off portions o~ the ~edium 2~
g ., whose rharacteristic is to ~e enhanced. Similarly, a modulatable thermal element can be used to heat portions of a ~ecurity medium which are healt sensitive thereby producing a thermally induced variation in a randomly varying security characteristic~ All o~ the 3b~ve method of enhancing a random security characteristic can be used alone or in c~mbination with other security techniques~
It will be understood thak other variations of randomly variable security characteristic, when modified as disclosed herein, come within the scope and bounds of the present invention.
From the ~oregoing, i~ will be observed that numerous variations and modifications may be effected without departing ~rom the spirit and scope o~ the novel concept of the invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the specific apparatus illustrated herein is intended or should be inferred. It is, of course, intended to cover by the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.
-~~T~OD ~ App~Tr~ FS:~R ~ A
~ Y ~ARYING 8EclI I~C~i~B~
Fiel~ ~ th0 :Cn~Q~tio~
The invention pert:ains to ~;ecurity ~;y tems useabl~ to authenticate documents or other ob~ec:t~. Mc>re particularly, the invention pertain~3 to an apparatus and a method fox ar~iIicially enhancing an existing random characteristic of a medium for E;ecurity purpose~:.
~lcqrou;~dl o~ th~ v~l3ntio~ ;
Various typ~!!8 of ~ecurity ~ystems usable to authenticate doc:uments or oth2r ob~eots are lcn~wn. For example, U.~;. Patent No. 4,506,98B to Copella entitled "Object Veri~ication 5ystem ~nd Method", assigned to the assignee o~ the present invention and incorpora'ced herein lS by referenc2, discloses a particular ~oxm ~f a security ~ystem which utilizes chara~teristics o~ ~paced-apart magnetic regions. Previous~y issued ~.S~ Patent ~o.
4,837,426 to Pease et al. entitled 'IObject Veri~i~ation Apparatus and Method" describe~ a particular form o~ a magnetic security ~ystem which is usable with a continuously extending magnet~c region.
Other ~y~te~s are known whi~h utilize a randomly varyin~ translucency characteristic of paper and the like.
Security ~ystems are al~o possible where another randomly varying characteristic, ~uch a~ print variations, o~ an ob~ect or 3 document are ~vailabls ~or U5~
Prior systems hav~ often util~ed the randomly varying ch3racteristias a~ they existed in the document or the ob~ect. ~hile ~u~h syst~ms are us~ul, th~re are t~m~s when it would be desirable to physically 2nhance or ~xaggerate the random v~riation at ~he ~ime whe~ the randomly va~ying characteristic i8 ~r~ated.
~he abov~: noted Pea~a et al. patent ~akes re~erence to enhancing random magnet~c regio~ by:
underprinting or overpr~nting wi~h magne~ic ~nk in the 2 ~
vicinity o~ the magnetic security regionO The same patent also refers to embossing, ~cratching or o-ther methods of removable of a portion of the magnetic material to create a more readily detectable characteristic.
Beyond creating an e~aggerated or an enhanced ~ecurity region by physically altering a portion of the region, it would be desirable to be able to do so in such a way so as to make duplication or copying of the enhanced regions difficult or impossible. Further, it would be desirable ~o be able ~o create an enhanced ~tructure using a method which does not appreciably add to the cost of producing what might otherwise be a very inexpensive document.
um~ary o~ the In~entio~
An apparatus for creating an enhanced random security characteristic in a region of a medium includes a 6ignal modulator. A random electrical output ~rom the modulator is coupled to an output device~
~he output device can generate one of a plurality o~ different ~ypes o~ physical outputs depending on the medium to be enhanced.
I~ the medium i~ magnetic, the output device can be a magnetic write head. I~ the medium is optical, the output device can be a source of light energy such as a laser. X~ the medium is thermally sensitive, the outpu~
device can be a source o~ thermal enerqy.
The modulat~r can receive a randomly varying input signal to be modulated. The modulating signal can be a second randomly varying siqnal.
3Q The result of using the present apparatus will be an enhanced, permanent, randomly varying characteristic in or on the region of the medium, to be used for security purps:~;es,. Because the region has been enhanced by means oi one or more randomly varying signal~, the process is , 2 ~
-very di~icult if not impossible to ~mulatP. Further, no two regions will be enhanced in the same way.
A method of enhancing includes the steps of~
providing a medium having a randomly varying characteristic;
generating a random condition; and modi~ying the medium in response to the random condition to create an enhanced randomly varying characteristic.
0 Numerous other advantages and features of the present invention will become readily apparent ~rom the following detailed description of the invention and the embodiments thereof, from the claims and from the accompanying drawings in which the detail~ o~ the invention are ~ully and completely disclo~ed as a part of this specification.
risf De oriPtion of th~ ~rax~a~
Figure 1 is a block diagram schematic illustrating an electrical system for enhancing a magnetic security region in accordance with the present invention;
Fiqure 2 is a graph illustrating plots of various electrical signals5 from the block diagram of Figure 1, as a function of time;
Figures 3A-3C il~ustrate schematically, in 2S various views, a representation of an enhanced magnetic security region;
Figures 4A-4C illustrate schematically, in various views, an alternate enhanced magnetia security ~ region; and Figure 5 is an overall schematic diagram o a system ~or enhancing the rand~ magnetic characteristic o~ a magnetic ~ecurity region in accor~ance with the present in~ention.
2 ~
etaile~ De~ori~;o~ of_the Pre~erre~_E~di~tY
While this invention is susceptible o~
embodiment in many different forms, ther~ are ~hown in the drawiny and will be described herein in detail specific embodiments thereof with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification o~ khe principles o~ the invention and is not intended to limit the in~ention to the specific embodiment illustrated.
Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram schematic of an electrical system 10 usable to alter the distribution of magnetic particles in a fluid magnetic stripe. For example, magnetic 6tripes are o~ten created on documents by depositing a slurry on a moving underlying medium. The medium can be a card stock or a plastic material from which individual documents can be created.
The slurry, until subsequently being hardened contains numerous, suspended, movable magnetiG particles.
When hardened, a permanent magnetic stripe with fixed magnetic characteristics ~s formed.
The ele~trical system 10 of Figure 1 can be used to modify selected portions o~ the magnetic slurry before the slurry is hardened. As a reslllt, the physical distribution of the magnetic particles in the slurry can be substantially altered, in a random fashion, using the system 10, The system 10 ~ncludes an NRZ (non-return to zero) modulator 1~. The modulator ~2 has an input port 14 for an electrical signal to be modula~ed and an input port 16 ~or a modulating signal.
The ~odulator 12 also includes a modulated output port 18. A noise generator 22 which generat~s an ap~roximation to white noise, for exampler can be used to proYide an electrical signal with a randomly varying amplitude~ ~he randomly varying eleo~rical output ~rom 2~5,~a2~
the generator 22, on a line 22a can be coupled to the input port ~4 of the modulator 12.
A second noise generator 26 can be used to create a randomly varying amplitude electrical signal on S a line Z6a. The electrical signal on the line 26~ can be used as an input to a voltage controlled oscillator 28~
Output fro~ the voltage controlled oscillator on a line 28a various in frequency in response to the amplitude ~f the randomly varying signal on line 26a.
Output from the voltage controlled oscillator 28 is coupled via the line 28a to the modulation input port 16 of the modulator 120 The line 28a is also coupled as an input to the first generaltor 22 so as to synchroniz~
the signal variation~ on the line 22a with the ~requency variations on the line 28a.
()utput from the modulator at the port 18 is coupled to a magnetic wri~e head 30 via a line 12a.
Output from the magnetic write head 30, an elecltro-magneti~ field, can be used to displace the magnetic ~0 particles in an adjacent moving magnetic slurry.
Figure 2 is a graph illus~rating~various wave-forms of the circuit of P~igure 1 a a function of time.
The top most waveform, a constant amplitude signal o~
variable ~requency corresponds to the output o~ the 2S voltage control oscillator ~8 on the line 28a. The second wave form in the graph of Figure 2 c~rresponds to a randomly varying amplitude signal generated by noise generator 2~ which fo~ms ~he input on the line 26a to th~
voltage control osoillator 28.
30 : The ~hird waveform in Figure 2 represents a randomly ~arying amplitude electrical signal generated on a line 22b which i~ internal to the nois~ generator 22.
The fourth electrical signal in th~ graph o~ Figure 2 i5 the ~lectrical signal on the line ~Za with a randomly varying ampli~ude, bas~d on the eleGtrical sig~al on line 2 ~7 22b, synchronized in frequency with the output on the line 28a of the voltage controlled oscillat.or 28.
The bottom signal o~ the graph o~ ~igure 2 is a representation o~ the modulated out'put ~urrent on the S line 12a from the modulator 12 whi~h is the driving current for the write head 30. Thls electro-magnetic signals generated by the write head 30J responsive to the current on the line 12a, alter the spatial distri~ution;
in a random fashion, of the ~agnetic particles in an adjacent magnetic slurry. This alteration results in an enhanced random magnetic security characteristi~.
Figures 3A-3C represent diagrammatically the altered densities of the magnetic ~lurry which can be achieved us~ng the sy~te~ 10.
For example, with respect to Figure 3A, a verifiable document or card 40 is ~ormed with a support medium 42 which could be plastic or card stock. Carried on the medium 42 is a previou~ly deposited and hardened magnetic stripe 44. Prior to hardening the~ magneti~
~tripe 44, the fluid slurry was subjected to electromagnetic fields generated by the system 10 using the write head 30.
Figure 3B, an enlarged sectional view, illustrates variations in the density of the particles o~
the magnetic stripe 44 which have been created by means of the system lOo For example, region 50a represents pictorially a higher density concentration of magnetic particles than is present in an adjacent region o~ a : different size o~ 50b.
Adjacent to the lower density region 50b is yet another region of a diffe~ent density and length ~Oc.
Thus, ~s illustrated in Pigure 3B, th~ ma~netic stripe 40, in it~ hardened state, incIudes a plurali~y of spaced apart 2nhanced magnetic reyions having differing]nagnetic oh~raoteristic~ and different ~ize~.
. .
~.~
.
2~5~
Figur~ 3C is an enlargement o~ a portion of the magnetic stripe 44 a~ ~een in a top elevational view.
The enlarged detail illustrated in Fi.gure 3C corresponds to the ectional ~iew of Figure 3B.
The region 44 illustrated in Figure 3C i~ formed with three distinct sections. Section 44a and section 44b represent regions of the magnetic slurry which prior to hardening were not subjected to sufficient strength of the electromagnetic field ~rom the write head 30 o~ the system 10 to disturb the random distribution of the magnetic particles so as to create an enhanced random magnetic region.
The portion 44c, on the other hand, corresponding to the seational view o~ Figure 3B, lS represent~ the part o~ the magnetic stripe 44 which has been subjected to the enhancing electromagnetic field o~
the write head 3~. The shadings and various colors illustrated:in the region 44c are indicative o~ varying densiti2s of magnetic particle~ present in the hardened stripe 44.
The region 44 thus repre~ents a permanent, enhanced, randomly varying magnetic characteristic embedded within the magnetic ~tripe 44. This characteristic c~n be read and compared to a previously stored representation ~hereo~ as disclosed and taught in ths previou~ly issued Pease et al. and Copella patents.
Figures 4A-4C illustrate the verifiable document 42 with a dif~erent, enhanced, random chaxacteristic. The ~a~netic stripe 44 has been modified across its entixe width by a system such as the:sy6tem 10. As illustrated in Figure ~C, the portion 4~c which includas ~he enhanced randomly va~ying magneti~ charac~eristic extends for the entire width of the stripe 44.
Figur 5 illu~trate~ a system 60 which incorporates the ~ystem 10 coupled to the read head 30 in conjunztion with a slurry extruding dev:ice. As illustrate in Figure 5, the system 60 includes a medium 62 movable perhaps by roller~ or the like past a ~agnetic stripe extrusion head 64. As the m@dium 62 moves in a direction 62a under the extrusion head 64, a magnetic stripe 6~ is extruded in a fluid co~dition.
As the medium 62 continues to movP in the diraction 62a, the deposited stripe 66 moves past the adjacent write head 30 which i~ ~eing ~ri~n by the sys~em 10. As the stripe 66 moves past the write head 30, the magnetic p~rticles therein are displaced as indicated schemati~ally in Figures 3c and 4c, depending on the width of the electromagnetic ~ield and the strength thereof relative to the width o~ the stripe 66. Subse~uently, the enhanced magnetic ~lurry, still in a liguid state, passes through a dryer 66 whi~h hardens the sl~rry and fxeezes the displa~ed magnetic particles permanently in place.
When the medium wi~h the hardened magnetic stripe 66 exits the dryer 70, the medium can be cut to form discrete cards or documents such as the document 42.
As a result of cutting and æhaping the documant 42, the portion o~ the magnetic stripe 44 carxied on the document will also carry with it the permanently enhanced magneti~
region that is illustrated by the region 44c.
While the present method and apparatus have been disclosed and described in terms o~ ~ magnetically based security system, ik will ~e understood that the characteristics of the particular enhanceable medium are r,ot a limitation of the present inventionO For examplP, alternately, instead of a magnetic medium, an optical medium can be used~ Instead of a write head, such as the writ~ head 30, a modulatable light or laser can be used to expose regions of ~he optical medium.
A ~odulated laser can be used as an output device ~or removing or burning off portions o~ the ~edium 2~
g ., whose rharacteristic is to ~e enhanced. Similarly, a modulatable thermal element can be used to heat portions of a ~ecurity medium which are healt sensitive thereby producing a thermally induced variation in a randomly varying security characteristic~ All o~ the 3b~ve method of enhancing a random security characteristic can be used alone or in c~mbination with other security techniques~
It will be understood thak other variations of randomly variable security characteristic, when modified as disclosed herein, come within the scope and bounds of the present invention.
From the ~oregoing, i~ will be observed that numerous variations and modifications may be effected without departing ~rom the spirit and scope o~ the novel concept of the invention. It is to be understood that no limitation with respect to the specific apparatus illustrated herein is intended or should be inferred. It is, of course, intended to cover by the appended claims all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.
Claims (21)
1. An apparatus for creating an enhanced random magnetic characteristic in a fluid magnetic region carried on an underlying medium, the apparatus comprising:
a signal modulator with a modulatable signal input, a modulation signal input and a modulated signal output;
a source of substantially random electrical signals coupled to said modulatable signal input;
a source of substantially random modulating signals coupled to said modulation input;
a magnetic write head coupled to said modulated signal output and located adjacent to the fluid magnetic region for altering the magnetic characteristics thereof.
a signal modulator with a modulatable signal input, a modulation signal input and a modulated signal output;
a source of substantially random electrical signals coupled to said modulatable signal input;
a source of substantially random modulating signals coupled to said modulation input;
a magnetic write head coupled to said modulated signal output and located adjacent to the fluid magnetic region for altering the magnetic characteristics thereof.
2. An apparatus as in claim 1 with said source of random signals including circuitry for generating an electrical signal having white noise-like frequency characteristics at least for a predetermined frequency range.
3. An apparatus as in claim 1 with said modulator including circuitry for altering a frequency parameter of said substantially random electrical signals.
4. An apparatus as in claim 1 with said source of modulating signals including a voltage controlled oscillator.
5. A method of generating an enhanced random, magnetic characteristic in a magnetic slurry supported on an underlying medium comprising:
providing a magnetic slurry;
generating a first electrical signal having a random-like characteristic;
generating a second electrical signal having a different random-like characteristic;
modulating the first signal with the second signal and, in response thereto, producing a third signal;
and altering the magnetic characteristics of the slurry with the third signal.
providing a magnetic slurry;
generating a first electrical signal having a random-like characteristic;
generating a second electrical signal having a different random-like characteristic;
modulating the first signal with the second signal and, in response thereto, producing a third signal;
and altering the magnetic characteristics of the slurry with the third signal.
6, A method as in claim 5 including hardening the slurry after its magnetic characteristics have been altered.
7. A method as in claim 5 including drying the slurry after its magnetic characteristics have been altered.
8. A method as in claim 5 with said second electrical signal generated with a randomly varying frequency.
9. A method as in claim 5 with said first electrical signal generated with a randomly varying amplitude.
10. A method as in claim 5 including in the altering step generating an electro-magnetic field responsive to the third signal, moving the slurry and applying the electro-magnetic field to the morning slurry.
11. A method as in claim 5 including applying radiant energy to the magnetic slurry to harden same.
12. An apparatus for creating an enhanced random security characteristic in a medium, the apparatus comprising:
a signal modulator with a signal input and a modulated signal output;
a source of substantially random electrical signals coupled to said signal input; and an output device coupled to aid modulated signal output and located adjacent to the medium for altering the random characteristics thereof in response to said modulated signal output.
a signal modulator with a signal input and a modulated signal output;
a source of substantially random electrical signals coupled to said signal input; and an output device coupled to aid modulated signal output and located adjacent to the medium for altering the random characteristics thereof in response to said modulated signal output.
13. An apparatus as in claim 12 with said output device including a laser.
14. An apparatus as in claim 12 with said output device including a magnetic write head.
15. An apparatus as in claim 12 with said output device including a heart generating element.
16. An apparatus as in claim 12 with said modulator including a modulation input.
17. An apparatus as in claim 16 including a source of substantially random modulating signal coupled to said modulation input;
18. A method of generating an enhanced random, security characteristic in a medium comprising:
providing an enhanceable medium;
generating a first electrical signal having a random-like characteristic;
altering the random characteristics of the medium with the electrical signal.
providing an enhanceable medium;
generating a first electrical signal having a random-like characteristic;
altering the random characteristics of the medium with the electrical signal.
19. A method as in claim 18 including, before the altering step, modulating the electrical signal.
20. A method as in claim 19 including generating a modulating signal.
21. A method as in claim 20 including synchronizing the electrical signal with the modulating signal.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/593,037 US5177344A (en) | 1990-10-05 | 1990-10-05 | Method and appparatus for enhancing a randomly varying security characteristic |
| US593,037 | 1990-10-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2050426A1 true CA2050426A1 (en) | 1992-04-06 |
Family
ID=24373110
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002050426A Abandoned CA2050426A1 (en) | 1990-10-05 | 1991-08-30 | Method and apparatus for enhancing a randomly varying security characteristic |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5177344A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU8518691A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2050426A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992006445A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA916925B (en) |
Families Citing this family (50)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5254843A (en) * | 1991-08-07 | 1993-10-19 | Hynes John E | Securing magnetically encoded data using timing variations in encoded data |
| US5365586A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1994-11-15 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for fingerprinting magnetic media |
| US5959794A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1999-09-28 | Washington University | Method for precompensating signals for magnetic media noise |
| US5546462A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1996-08-13 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for fingerprinting and authenticating various magnetic media |
| US5408505A (en) * | 1993-04-09 | 1995-04-18 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for process control, tension control, and testing of magnetic media |
| US5480685A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1996-01-02 | Tomoegawa Paper Co., Ltd. | Method of making a magnetic recording medium comprising two magnetic layers |
| US5647003A (en) * | 1995-06-21 | 1997-07-08 | Docusystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for altering a magnetic characteristic of a medium |
| JPH10172235A (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 1998-06-26 | Sony Corp | Method for information recording updating, apparatus therefor, recording medium initializing apparatus and recording medium |
| US5920628A (en) * | 1997-01-09 | 1999-07-06 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for fingerprinting and authenticating various magnetic media |
| US6431445B1 (en) | 1998-07-22 | 2002-08-13 | Mag-Tek, Inc. | Magnetic stripe card verification system |
| US7210627B2 (en) | 1998-07-22 | 2007-05-01 | Morley Jr Robert E | Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using an adaptive analog to digital converter |
| US6098881A (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2000-08-08 | Mag-Tek, Inc. | Magnetic stripe card verification system |
| US7377433B2 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2008-05-27 | Washington University In St. Louis | Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using compressive amplification |
| US7478751B2 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2009-01-20 | Magtek, Inc. | Method and apparatus for authenticating a magnetic fingerprint signal using a filter capable of isolating a remanent noise related signal component |
| US6899269B1 (en) | 1998-07-22 | 2005-05-31 | Mag-Tek, Inc. | Magnetic stripe authentication and verification system |
| US7517578B2 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2009-04-14 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Method and apparatus for orienting magnetic flakes |
| US7604855B2 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2009-10-20 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Kinematic images formed by orienting alignable flakes |
| US7047883B2 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2006-05-23 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Method and apparatus for orienting magnetic flakes |
| US7667895B2 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2010-02-23 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Patterned structures with optically variable effects |
| US20070195392A1 (en) * | 1999-07-08 | 2007-08-23 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Adhesive Chromagram And Method Of Forming Thereof |
| US11768321B2 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2023-09-26 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Optically variable security devices |
| PT1849621E (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2014-06-03 | Jds Uniphase Corp | Optically variable security devices |
| DE10008097A1 (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2001-09-20 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Marking device and method for reading out such a marking device |
| US6902807B1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2005-06-07 | Flex Products, Inc. | Alignable diffractive pigment flakes |
| US7625632B2 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2009-12-01 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Alignable diffractive pigment flakes and method and apparatus for alignment and images formed therefrom |
| US7934451B2 (en) | 2002-07-15 | 2011-05-03 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Apparatus for orienting magnetic flakes |
| US20100208351A1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2010-08-19 | Nofi Michael R | Selective and oriented assembly of platelet materials and functional additives |
| US11230127B2 (en) | 2002-07-15 | 2022-01-25 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Method and apparatus for orienting magnetic flakes |
| US7241489B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2007-07-10 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Opaque flake for covert security applications |
| US7674501B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2010-03-09 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Two-step method of coating an article for security printing by application of electric or magnetic field |
| US7645510B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2010-01-12 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Provision of frames or borders around opaque flakes for covert security applications |
| US7258915B2 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2007-08-21 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Flake for covert security applications |
| US8025952B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2011-09-27 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Printed magnetic ink overt security image |
| US9164575B2 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2015-10-20 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Provision of frames or borders around pigment flakes for covert security applications |
| US9458324B2 (en) | 2002-09-13 | 2016-10-04 | Viava Solutions Inc. | Flakes with undulate borders and method of forming thereof |
| US7550197B2 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2009-06-23 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Non-toxic flakes for authentication of pharmaceutical articles |
| US7347370B2 (en) * | 2003-11-18 | 2008-03-25 | Magtek, Inc. | Self-aligning magnetic read head incorporating lift-up detection |
| US7687271B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2010-03-30 | Kodak Graphic Communications Canada Company | Covert authentication method and apparatus |
| TWI402106B (en) | 2005-04-06 | 2013-07-21 | Jds Uniphase Corp | Dynamic appearance-changing optical devices (dacod) printed in a shaped magnetic field including printable fresnel structures |
| CA2564764C (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2014-05-13 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Patterned optical structures with enhanced security feature |
| CA2570965A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-15 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Security device with metameric features using diffractive pigment flakes |
| US10343436B2 (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2019-07-09 | Viavi Solutions Inc. | Security device formed by printing with special effect inks |
| CA2592667C (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2014-05-13 | Jds Uniphase Corporation | Stamping a coating of cured field aligned special effect flakes and image formed thereby |
| BRPI0717147A2 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2013-10-15 | Sicpa Holding Sa | METHODS AND MEANS TO PRODUCE A MAGNETICALLY INDUCED IMAGE IN A COATING CONTAINING MAGNETIC PARTICULES |
| US8447991B2 (en) * | 2006-11-06 | 2013-05-21 | Magtek, Inc. | Card authentication system |
| US7617986B2 (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2009-11-17 | Datacard Corporation | Laminate security feature |
| WO2008094470A1 (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2008-08-07 | Magtek, Inc. | Card reader for use with web based transactions |
| JP2009193069A (en) | 2008-02-13 | 2009-08-27 | Jds Uniphase Corp | Medium for laser printing including optical special effect flake |
| US8485447B1 (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2013-07-16 | Pap Investments, Ltd. | Thin gage open loop system cards and method of manufacture |
| DK2802450T3 (en) | 2012-01-12 | 2019-03-25 | Viavi Solutions Inc | Article with a dynamic frame consisting of decorated pigment flakes |
Family Cites Families (45)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3471862A (en) * | 1967-10-18 | 1969-10-07 | Walter W Barney | Encoder apparatus for magnetic credit cards and the like |
| SE330282B (en) * | 1968-06-24 | 1970-11-09 | Saab Ab | |
| US3599153A (en) * | 1969-05-23 | 1971-08-10 | United States Banknote Corp | Magnetic authentication of security documents having varying ink level coding |
| GB1331604A (en) * | 1969-11-14 | 1973-09-26 | Emi Ltd | Magnetic information storage means |
| GB1308331A (en) * | 1970-01-15 | 1973-02-21 | De La Rue Instr | Encoded card-like device |
| CH529398A (en) * | 1971-03-23 | 1972-10-15 | Landis & Gyr Ag | Method for preventing successful counterfeiting of stamps |
| US3894756A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1975-07-15 | Optronics Int | Identification card having a reference beam coded hologram |
| US3959630A (en) * | 1972-06-05 | 1976-05-25 | Ab Id-Kort | Identity card having radioactive isotope of short half-life |
| US3790754A (en) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-02-05 | Burroughs Machines Ltd | Security access medium |
| IT1023835B (en) * | 1973-05-11 | 1978-05-30 | Dasy Int Sa | DOCUMENT MATERIAL |
| CH569333A5 (en) * | 1974-03-11 | 1975-11-14 | Landis & Gyr Ag | |
| GB1510105A (en) * | 1974-04-17 | 1978-05-10 | Emi Ltd | Printing |
| US4058839A (en) * | 1974-08-21 | 1977-11-15 | R. D. Products, Inc. | Magnetic-type information card and method and apparatus for encoding and reading |
| NL7416982A (en) * | 1974-12-30 | 1976-07-02 | Koppens Automatic Fabrieken Bv | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURE OF A CARD WHICH CAN BE USED AS A MEANS OF PAYMENT IN AUTOMATICS, THE CARD SO MANUFACTURED AND THE DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING IT AS WELL AS THE Vending Machine WITH WHICH THE CARD CAN BE USED. |
| US4034211A (en) * | 1975-06-20 | 1977-07-05 | Ncr Corporation | System and method for providing a security check on a credit card |
| US4218674A (en) * | 1975-09-09 | 1980-08-19 | Dasy Inter S.A. | Method and a system for verifying authenticity safe against forgery |
| US4066910A (en) * | 1976-04-09 | 1978-01-03 | Lawrence Systems, Inc. | Transmissivity-coded data card systems |
| US4092526A (en) * | 1976-05-27 | 1978-05-30 | Addressograph-Multigraph Corp. | Secure property device |
| US4094462A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1978-06-13 | Ncr Corporation | Method and means for providing and testing secure identification data |
| GB1541579A (en) * | 1976-10-16 | 1979-03-07 | Emi Ltd | Security material and examination theroef |
| CH619551A5 (en) * | 1977-01-24 | 1980-09-30 | Gretag Ag | Method for obtaining a high degree of protection against falsification of a card which bears permanent and variable, machine-readable information |
| US4239959A (en) * | 1977-03-23 | 1980-12-16 | General Kinetics Incorporated | Perpetuation of information in magnetically recorded medium |
| FR2385153A1 (en) * | 1977-03-25 | 1978-10-20 | Transac Dev Transact Automat | MAGNETIC CODING PROCESS |
| FR2408890A1 (en) * | 1977-11-10 | 1979-06-08 | Transac Dev Transact Automat | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ORIENTATION AND FIXATION IN A DETERMINED DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES CONTAINED IN A POLYMERISABLE INK |
| FR2415341A1 (en) * | 1978-01-24 | 1979-08-17 | Crouzet Sa | MAGNETIC DISPLAY TICKET |
| DE2858685C2 (en) * | 1978-07-06 | 1989-06-29 | Gao Gesellschaft Fuer Automation Und Organisation Mbh, 8000 Muenchen, De | |
| FR2435778A1 (en) * | 1978-08-01 | 1980-04-04 | Pyral Soc | SECURITY MAGNETIC RECORDING MEDIUM |
| DE2936409A1 (en) * | 1979-09-08 | 1981-03-19 | Hermann 7742 St. Georgen Stockburger | METHOD FOR BACKING UP DATA |
| DE3000560C2 (en) * | 1980-01-09 | 1986-10-09 | Hermann 7742 St Georgen Stockburger | Method for checking the authenticity of a data carrier and device for carrying out the method |
| CA1160749A (en) * | 1980-06-23 | 1984-01-17 | Robert N. Goldman | Non-counterfeitable document system |
| EP0043882A1 (en) * | 1980-07-16 | 1982-01-20 | Kodak-Pathe | Magnetic recording element, process for making the same and its use in recording |
| JPS5753810A (en) * | 1980-07-24 | 1982-03-31 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | Magnetic card recorder |
| DE3038614A1 (en) * | 1980-10-13 | 1982-04-22 | Copytex-Abrechnungssysteme für Dienstleistungsautomaten GbmH, 7742 St Georgen | METHOD FOR RETURNING RETURN OF INFORMATION ENTERING ON A DATA CARRIER AND DEVICE FOR READING IN AND / OR READING OUT INFORMATION PROTECTED AGAINST RETURN TRANSFER |
| JPS57198544A (en) * | 1981-05-28 | 1982-12-06 | Sony Corp | Manufacture of magnetic recording medium |
| DE3129364C2 (en) * | 1981-07-24 | 1985-09-19 | Hermann 7742 St Georgen Stockburger | Prepaid card |
| JPS5880136A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1983-05-14 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of magnetic recording material |
| US4661983A (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1987-04-28 | Rca Corporation | Secure document identification technique |
| US4630845A (en) * | 1983-08-25 | 1986-12-23 | Light Signatures, Inc. | Authentication document system |
| US4518627A (en) * | 1984-09-04 | 1985-05-21 | Polaroid Corporation | Apparatus and method for disorienting magnetic particles in magnetic recording media |
| JPS6292132A (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1987-04-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Manufacture of magnetic recording medium |
| JPS62262229A (en) * | 1986-05-08 | 1987-11-14 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Manufacture of magnetic recording medium |
| US4806740A (en) * | 1986-09-19 | 1989-02-21 | Light Signatures, Inc. | Magnetic characteristic identification system |
| US4837426A (en) * | 1987-01-16 | 1989-06-06 | Rand, Mcnally & Company | Object verification apparatus and method |
| US4906988A (en) * | 1987-01-27 | 1990-03-06 | Rand Mcnally & Co. | Object verification system and method |
| JPH07122960B2 (en) * | 1987-05-01 | 1995-12-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | Modulation / demodulation system, modulator and demodulator |
-
1990
- 1990-10-05 US US07/593,037 patent/US5177344A/en not_active Ceased
-
1991
- 1991-08-23 AU AU85186/91A patent/AU8518691A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-23 WO PCT/US1991/006065 patent/WO1992006445A1/en unknown
- 1991-08-30 CA CA002050426A patent/CA2050426A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-30 ZA ZA916925A patent/ZA916925B/en unknown
-
1995
- 1995-01-04 US US08/368,546 patent/USRE35599E/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1992006445A1 (en) | 1992-04-16 |
| US5177344A (en) | 1993-01-05 |
| AU8518691A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
| ZA916925B (en) | 1992-05-27 |
| USRE35599E (en) | 1997-09-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2050426A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for enhancing a randomly varying security characteristic | |
| US3998160A (en) | Magnetic ink printing method | |
| US4218674A (en) | Method and a system for verifying authenticity safe against forgery | |
| JP4226653B2 (en) | Safety features consisting of drilling patterns | |
| US3873975A (en) | System and method for authenticating and interrogating a magnetic record medium | |
| US4790566A (en) | Identity document difficult to falsify and a process for manufacturing such a document | |
| US3751587A (en) | Laser printing system | |
| US3995313A (en) | Data accumulation system | |
| US4186944A (en) | Security document | |
| JPH03185585A (en) | Method and device for deciding validity of id card | |
| EP0276814A2 (en) | Object verification system and method | |
| US3890623A (en) | Magnetic document encoder having multiple staggered styli | |
| DE19612819A1 (en) | Holographic storage data on credit type card | |
| DE59708947D1 (en) | Document with a moiré pattern generating raster structure | |
| US3874586A (en) | Information-carrying article and reading apparatus and method | |
| JPH04503895A (en) | Method for modulating binary information | |
| JPH0327489A (en) | Method for testing authenticity of document | |
| GB1308331A (en) | Encoded card-like device | |
| BG64427B1 (en) | Method for marking and authenticating an object | |
| US6078679A (en) | Manufacturing method and reading device of individual information protecting card by multiple image frequency transformation | |
| CA2303286C (en) | Data medium authentication method | |
| IE75351B1 (en) | A method of encoding a security filament in particular for banknote paper | |
| US5032709A (en) | Magnetic card | |
| WO1996030880A1 (en) | Security system for documents with a magnetic track for recording information | |
| JPH0310167B2 (en) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |