CA2049675C - Training device onboard instruction station - Google Patents
Training device onboard instruction stationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2049675C CA2049675C CA002049675A CA2049675A CA2049675C CA 2049675 C CA2049675 C CA 2049675C CA 002049675 A CA002049675 A CA 002049675A CA 2049675 A CA2049675 A CA 2049675A CA 2049675 C CA2049675 C CA 2049675C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- instructor
- display
- training
- flat panel
- recited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/62—Accessories for chairs
- A47C7/72—Adaptations for incorporating lamps, radio sets, bars, telephones, ventilation, heating or cooling arrangements or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
- A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
- A47C7/62—Accessories for chairs
- A47C7/72—Adaptations for incorporating lamps, radio sets, bars, telephones, ventilation, heating or cooling arrangements or the like
- A47C7/723—Adaptations for incorporating lamps, radio sets, bars, telephones, ventilation, heating or cooling arrangements or the like with display screens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
- G09B19/16—Control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B19/165—Control of aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
- G09B9/30—Simulation of view from aircraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
- G09B9/30—Simulation of view from aircraft
- G09B9/308—Simulation of view from aircraft by LCD, gas plasma display or electroluminescent display
Abstract
An onboard instructor station for a training device provides a human/computer interface that is designed to support an optimum instructor's scan pattern of the training scenario. All displays and switches required to control and monitor the mission are resident at the instructor's work surface directly in front of, and tangent to the instructor's seated position. This design allows for a dedicated over-the-shoulder observation position. Therefore, the instructor may simultaneously observe trainees' actions, a visual scene and device instrumentation while controlling and monitoring the training environment through embedded situational awareness displays and corresponding switches at the work surface. The unique aspect of this design is the one position from which all tasks can be accomplished through the support provided by the packaging. This packaging employs flat panel displays which replace the traditional, larger CRT units.
Description
T ~ ~
TRAININ~ DEVICE ONBOARD INSTRUCTOR STATION
DESCRIPTION
BACKGROUN~ OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to computer-aided training devices of the type commonly referred to as simulators and, more particularly, to the type of training devices which include an onboard instructor's console. Training devices of this type include simulators for vehicles such as transport aircraft, ships and large land vehicles and simulators for fixed station facilities such as power generators and chemical processes.
Description of the Prior Art Training devices or simulators present scenes to a trainee to allow the trainee to practice some task, such as flying an airplane. In a flight simulator, for example, a three-dimensional model of the desired "gaming area" is prepared and stored on magnetic disk or similar bulk storage media. The visual simulator combines an image generator with an electro-optical display system such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or similar display. The image generator reads in blocks of three-dimensional dàta from the disk and transforms this data into two-dimensional scene descriptions. The two-dimensional data are converted to analog video that is presented to the trainee via the display. The generated imagery is 2 20~9675 meant to be representative of the true scenes that the trainee would see if the trainee were actually performing the task being simulated. The generation of the display images is said to be in "real time"
which is normally taken to mean 30 frames per second, as in the U.S. television standard.
Computer image generating (CIG) systems are described in detail in the book entitled Computer Image Generation edited by Bruce J. Schacter and published by Wiley-Interscience (1983).
There are basically two types of simulators used for training purposes; those having an instructor's console on the simulator floor and those where the instructor's console is onboard. An example of the former type is a simulator for high performance aircraft, usually of the single-place variety. The present invention is specifically directed to the latter type of simulator where an instructor or senior crew member is on board the simulator with the trainees as part of the training mission. This would include any crew served vehicles but could include other training environments such as power plants, refining plants and the like.
The prior parallel configuration that supported instructor station facilities contained CRT displays with adjacent switch panels as part of the instructor's console. This type of display necessitated locating the instructor's console away from the trainees' positions. The arrangement was such that the instructor would have to sit at the instructor's console to control the training environment and then move to a position behind the trainees to observe the trainees' actions. In this latter position, the instructor could also observe the visual scene presented to the trainees, but when sitting at the instructor's console, the visual scene, including any instrumentation, was not readily observed by the instructor. Therefore, it was necessary to replicate much of the training environment at the instructor's console.
An example of the prior onboard instructor station is illustrated in Figure 1. This figure is a plan view of the interior of a simulated aircraft cockpit and supporting instructor station structure 10 for an aircraft simulator. Entry to the simulator platform is by means of a door 11. This platform is provided with CIG displays generally indicated at 12 which present a visual scene to the trainees through the cockpit windshield 13. There are two trainee positions; one for the pilot at 14 and the other for the co-pilot at 16. Along the axis of the cockpit are a pair of tracks 17 and 18 on which are mounted an instructor's seat 20 and an Gbserver's seat 22. The observer's seat is shown at the back of the cockpit in its stowed position. The instructor's seat is shown facing an instructor's console 23 which includes two CRT displays 24 and 25 - 25 and a work surface 26. In addition the to the instructor's console, there is schematically indicated an onboard I/O (input/output) rack 27 which provides the connections to simulator computer system (not shown) on the simulator floor.
In use, a training session begins by the instructor entering commands at the instructor's console 23 to invoke a desired training environment.
Once the inputs have been made at the instructor's console, the instructor can swivel seat 20 counter clockwise by 90 and move it forward on the tracks 17 and 18 so that the instructor is just behind the right shoulder of the co-pilot and the left shoulder of the pilot. In this position, the instructor can observe the actions of the pilot and co-pilot over their shoulders and also observe the visual environment, including both the imagery produced by the CIG displays 12 and the instrumentation at both the pilot's and co-pilot's positions. However, when the instructor needs to adjust or change the training environment, it is necessary to move the seat 20 back on tracks 17 and 18 and to swivel it clockwise 90 to again have access to the instructor's console 23. In so doing, the instructor cannot easily observe the visual environment presented to the trainees, the cockpit instrumentation or the trainees' actions. This presents a problem in the continuity of the training session.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a training device or simulator with a full time over-the-shoulder instructional position from which no changes in the forward-facing posture of the instructor are necessary to control and monitor the training mission.
It is an object of an aspect of the invention to provide an instructor's position in an onboard instructor station which makes possible a unidirectional scan pattern by the instructor to observe trainees' actions, the simulated environment and the human/computer interface for the instructor.
It is an object of an aspect of the invention to provide an efficient packaging of the instructor's controls and display for an onboard instructor station of a training device allowing a single instructor . ., ~
position and eliminating displays and work surface required for the prior instructor console.
According to an aspect of the invention, the onboard instructor station for a training device provides a human/computer interface that is designed to support an optimum instructor's scan pattern of the training scenario. All displays and switches required to control and monitor the mission are resident at the instructor's work surface directly in front of, and tangent to the instructor's seated position. This design allows for a dedicated over-the-shoulder observation position. Therefore, the instructor may simultaneously observe trainees' actions, a visual scene and device instrumentation while controlling and monitoring the training environment through embedded situational awareness displays and corresponding switches at the work surface. The unique aspect of this design is the one position from which all tasks can be accomplished through the support provided by the packaging. This packaging employs flat panel displays which replace the traditional, larger CRT units.
Another aspect of this invention is as follows:
A simulator training system comprising:
a computer controlled system for providing realistic user interface for a simulated device to present a training scenario for at least one trainee, said computer controlled system being responsive to actions of said at least one trainee during a training scenario to generate outputs as a consequence of those actions;
at least one training position allowing said at least one trainee to view the training scenario and preform actions in response to the training scenario;
and ~,., 5a 2049675 an instructor control system controlling said computer controlled system including:
an instructor's seat in a dedicated over-the-shoulder observation position relative to the at least one training position for allowing an instructor to view the training scenario and the actions of said at least one trainee;
a display support structure attached to said instructor's seat; and a display assembly including a flat panel display embedded in an integral work surface and providing display and switch functions required to provide instructor input to said computer controlled system, said display assembly being attached to said support structure by a hinge means for allowing said display assembly to be rotated 90 to a vertical position to allow ingress and egress from the instructor's seat, said display assembly providing an instructor interface with said computer controlled system for controlling and monitoring a training scenario without obstructing the over-the-shoulder observation of the training scenario and actions of the at least one trainee.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the J
, drawings, in which:
Figure l is a plan view oE the interior of a simulated aircraft cockpit and supporting instructor's station structure depicting a prior art S onboard instructor's station;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the interior of a simulator cockpit showing the onboard, forward looking instructor station according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is a profile view of the instructor station according to the invention;
Figure 4 is a plan view of the instructor's flat panel display and control assembly;
Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of one of the flat panel displays shown in Figure 4;
Figure 5 is a plan view of an alternative configuration of the instructor's-flat panel display and control assembly;
Figures 6A and 6B are perspective views of a portion of the instructor station showing the movement of the flat panel display and control assembly;
Figure 7 is hierarchical tree of display pages depicted in one implementation of the invention;
Figure 8 is the initial display page depicted at the top of the hierarchical tree shown in Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a page displayed as a result of a selection made from the initial screen shown in Figure 8;
Figure 10 is a page displayed as a result of a selection made from the screen shown in Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a dispiay page showing the gaming area in the form o a map and own ship's position PD-C90004 2Q4~675 with c,ontrols that may be exercised by the instructor; and Figure 12 is a display page showing a windowing function when the MALF (malfunction) button is pressed during the display of the page shown in Figure 11.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED
EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to Figures 2 and 3, there are shown respectively a plan view and a profile view of the onboard instructor station according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows the interior of a simulated aircraft cockpit and supporting instructor station structure 30 for an aircraft simulator, entry to which is by means of a ` door 31. The cockpit is provided with CIG displays 20 (not shown) as before. There are two trainee positions; one for the pilot at 34 and the other for the co-pilot at 36. Along the axis of the cockpit are a pair oE tracks 37 and 38 on which is mounted the instructor station 40. As best seen in Figure 3, the instructor station 40 is an integral unit comprising the instructor's seat 41, work surface 43 with embedded displays and switches, and the work surface support structure 45. An observer's seat 42 is provided on the left side of the tracks 37 and 38. The o~server's seat is shown pulled away from the wall of the cockpit and swiveled counter clockwise approximately 45 to provide a view of the training session. The instructor station 40 is shown pulled ~orward on tracks 37 and 38. This is ` 2049675 the normal position of the instructor station during a train-ing session. The instructor station 40 is moved backward on tracks 37 and 38 only to allow ingress and egress by the trainees to their S respective seats. It will be observed that there is no separate instructor's console. Moreover, it is not necessary for the instructor station 40 to swivel since all functions performed by the instructor are in the forward facing position. The functions of the instructor's console are replaced by the flat panel display assembly 43 which is a part of the instructor station 40.
As best seen in Figure 3, the instructor stàtion includes the seat 41 having foldable arm rests 44 and mounted on the tracks 37, 38, which are flush with the floor. The foldable arm rests 44 may be individually pivoted up or down according to the preference of the instructor. In addition, the ' armrest 44 (Figure 3) on the left side of the seat 40 can be rotated upwardly to further improve the access.
Attached to the seat 40 is a support structure 45 to which the flat panel display assembly 43 is attached. This attachment is hinged to provide a rotation of 90 from the horizontal position to a vertical up and locked position for instructor ingress and egress. The instructor station is shown in phantom outline in its stowed position 46 illustrating the fore and aft movement of the instructor station along tracks 37, 38, as indicated by the double headed arrow 47.
Figure 4 shows the flat panel display assembly 43 as comprising two panels 48 and 49. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, a damper 51 is -204967~
9 . .
provided to prevent the display assembly from rapidly rotating Erom the vertical to the horizontal position with such force that might damage the display assembly. The display assembly 43 is attached to the support structure 45 by means of a hinge to permit the display assembly 43 to rotate about center line 52 to a 90 vertical position. A
lock (not shownJ holds the display assembly in the vertical position.
With the flat panel assembly 43 in the position shown in Figure 4, it presents a work surface having embedded therein two displays 53 and 54, each with a bezel containing twenty push button switches 55 and 56. In addition, there is provided a slew button 50 in the support structure 45. The slew button operates like a track ball or joy stick, allowing the instructor to move a display indicator (e.g., a cursor) to select different values depicted on a ` display page. For example, when values of such variables as latitude, longitude, altitude, heading and airspeed are displayed, the instructor can use the slew button 50 to move the display indicator to a desired value and then select that value by depressing the slew button.
In a preferred embodiment, the two displays 53 and 54 are implemented using gas plasma displays approximately eight inches square. The panels themselves are approximately twelve inches square, providing a combined surface of approximately twelve by twenty-four inches. Figure 4A shows a cross-sectional view of flat panel assembly 43. The plasma display 58 is housed within a case 59 having a thickness of approximately three inches. An optical filter 60 is provided over the plasma PD-Cg0004 2049675 .
displa~ 58 to suppress glare, and over the filter 60 is a clear plastic 61. Th,e clear plastic not only protects the plasma display 58, it also provides the instructor with a writing surface. Thus, it will be appreciated from Figure 4 that the top surface of the flat panel display assembly 43 provides the instructor all the functions of two displays, control switches and a work surface formerly provided by the console 23 shown in Figure 1.
While the preferred embodiment of a specific implementation uses two gas plasma displays and embedded switches, other displays and switch functions may be preferred depending on the application. For example, a single display 62, as shown in Figure S, may be substituted for the two ~isplays 53 and 54 shown in Figure 4. The display or displays may be implemented with other flat panel display technologies including, but not limited to, liquid crystal display (LCD) technology. In fact, a color LCD type of display could have significant advantages where color can be employed as representing information to the instructor.
Also, supplementing the embedded push button switches in the bezel surrounding the display screen, a touch screen can be used and the switch functions can be depicted on a display page. A
suitable technology for the touch screen is surface acoustic wave. This type of touch screen will respond only to a finger touching the display screen and not to larger objects, such as a note pad, so that the work surface can be used as a writing surface without unintentionally inputting commands and seiections.
Whatever the implementation, the display ~ 2049675 11 .
assemb~ly 43 is compact and easily moved from a horizontal to a vertical position as illustrated in Figures 6A and 6B, respectively. In addition to being compact, the display assembly 43 provides a highly flexible human/computer interface for the instructor. The push button bezel mounted switches, when actuated, provide the instructor with a tactile feedback to confirm that the appropriate switch action has been completed. ~uman engineering principles support this mechanism wherein the instructor's primary scan remains forward on the trainees' actions without diverting attention to confirm switch actuation at the instructor's work surface.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, functions of switches 55 and 56 are programmable to be display dependent with display pages depicted on displays 53 and 54. ~y way of example, Figure 7 shows a specific display page hierarchy of an instructor station implemented in a flight simulator. At the top of the hierarchy, the instructor may select a gaming area, coastal lowlands or desert, and maintenance utilities. Assuming that a gaming area is selected, the instructor can select various training procedures, one o~ which is "checkride".
Selecting the checkride option provides the instructor with several other options which control the training environment.
;:' The manner in which the instructor accesses the various functions and inputs commands during the training session is illustrated in the following figures. Referring first to Figure 8, there is shown the initial display page 70 corresponding to the top o~ the hierarchy shown in Figure 7. This is .
, the galming area/utility display page. The marks 71 about the periphery of the display page indicate the positions of the push button switches embedded in the bezel surrounding the display. The title of the display page is displayed at 72, and in the upper right hand corner, the mission time is displayed at 73. Along the left hand edge of the display page, there is but one function displayed and that is "maintenance". Along the right hand edge of the screen, two functions are displayed, and they are "coastal lowlands" and "desert". Only the push button switches for which a function is displayed are operational for this particular screen. Along the top edge of the screen, three commands, "motion", "tutor" and "freeze" are displayed. No selections are provided for the push button switches at the bottom edge of the screen.
Should the instructor select the coastal lowlands option, the display page shown in Figure 9 is next presented to the instructor. Notice that the title of the screen at 72 changes to reElect the name of the screen currently being displayed and that the mission time continues to be displayed at 73. In the display page shown in Figure 9, various functions are displayed along the right edge of the display, and these are different from those of the previous display page. Therefore, the functions of the push button switches have changed. In addition, there is now an additional command, "menu", displayed at the top edge of the display. Selecting this command returns the display page at the top of the hierarchy shown in Figure 8.
If the instructor selects the "checkride select" function by pressing the corresponding push .
button, switch adjacent the display in Figure 9, the screen shown in Figure lO,is next displayed. Thus, it is possible for the instructor to navigate through a hierarchy of screens as generally indicated in Figure 7.
The screens shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrate a succession of display pages which may be displayed on one of the display screens 53 and 54. Situational display pa~es are provided on the other of these two panels allowing the instructor full control over the training session. An example of a situational display is shown in Figure 11 where ownship position 81 is shown on a map relative to navigational points 82, 83 and 84, such as TACAN
stations. At the bottom of this display page are commands "mark", "malf" (for malfunction) and "print". The arrows adjacent the "print" command indicate which of the two display pages are to be printed.
If the "MALF" command push button switch is pressed, the windowed display page shown in Figure 12 is presented to the instructor. The windows depict the activated circuit breakers and malfunctions that are active in the simulation.
Within the training device industry, the present invention provides a human/computer interface that supports the concept of over-the-shoulder instruction for the entire crew from an integrated instructor station. Training devices that require onboard instructor positions are all potential candidates for the invention. The applications span both military and civilian applications. The invention applies to all crew served vehicles, such as aircraft and ships, where .
an instructo~'s presence is required. The instructor station is an integral unit supported by a remotely located industry standard graphics workstation; therefore, the invention can be implemented as a stand alone workstation in a training environment where the instructor's or senior crew member's skills are necessary to the training mission.
As mentioned the display can be implemented in any of several flat panel display technologies. The human/computer interface can be further augmented by the software supporting the instructor station. For example, instead of using programmable switches, extensive use can be made of "point-and-shoot"
software interfaces using a pointing~cursor controlled by the slew button 50. These software interfaces generally employ command bars and pop-down menus to allow the user to make selections and input commands.
While the invention has been described in terms of a single preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
TRAININ~ DEVICE ONBOARD INSTRUCTOR STATION
DESCRIPTION
BACKGROUN~ OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to computer-aided training devices of the type commonly referred to as simulators and, more particularly, to the type of training devices which include an onboard instructor's console. Training devices of this type include simulators for vehicles such as transport aircraft, ships and large land vehicles and simulators for fixed station facilities such as power generators and chemical processes.
Description of the Prior Art Training devices or simulators present scenes to a trainee to allow the trainee to practice some task, such as flying an airplane. In a flight simulator, for example, a three-dimensional model of the desired "gaming area" is prepared and stored on magnetic disk or similar bulk storage media. The visual simulator combines an image generator with an electro-optical display system such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or similar display. The image generator reads in blocks of three-dimensional dàta from the disk and transforms this data into two-dimensional scene descriptions. The two-dimensional data are converted to analog video that is presented to the trainee via the display. The generated imagery is 2 20~9675 meant to be representative of the true scenes that the trainee would see if the trainee were actually performing the task being simulated. The generation of the display images is said to be in "real time"
which is normally taken to mean 30 frames per second, as in the U.S. television standard.
Computer image generating (CIG) systems are described in detail in the book entitled Computer Image Generation edited by Bruce J. Schacter and published by Wiley-Interscience (1983).
There are basically two types of simulators used for training purposes; those having an instructor's console on the simulator floor and those where the instructor's console is onboard. An example of the former type is a simulator for high performance aircraft, usually of the single-place variety. The present invention is specifically directed to the latter type of simulator where an instructor or senior crew member is on board the simulator with the trainees as part of the training mission. This would include any crew served vehicles but could include other training environments such as power plants, refining plants and the like.
The prior parallel configuration that supported instructor station facilities contained CRT displays with adjacent switch panels as part of the instructor's console. This type of display necessitated locating the instructor's console away from the trainees' positions. The arrangement was such that the instructor would have to sit at the instructor's console to control the training environment and then move to a position behind the trainees to observe the trainees' actions. In this latter position, the instructor could also observe the visual scene presented to the trainees, but when sitting at the instructor's console, the visual scene, including any instrumentation, was not readily observed by the instructor. Therefore, it was necessary to replicate much of the training environment at the instructor's console.
An example of the prior onboard instructor station is illustrated in Figure 1. This figure is a plan view of the interior of a simulated aircraft cockpit and supporting instructor station structure 10 for an aircraft simulator. Entry to the simulator platform is by means of a door 11. This platform is provided with CIG displays generally indicated at 12 which present a visual scene to the trainees through the cockpit windshield 13. There are two trainee positions; one for the pilot at 14 and the other for the co-pilot at 16. Along the axis of the cockpit are a pair of tracks 17 and 18 on which are mounted an instructor's seat 20 and an Gbserver's seat 22. The observer's seat is shown at the back of the cockpit in its stowed position. The instructor's seat is shown facing an instructor's console 23 which includes two CRT displays 24 and 25 - 25 and a work surface 26. In addition the to the instructor's console, there is schematically indicated an onboard I/O (input/output) rack 27 which provides the connections to simulator computer system (not shown) on the simulator floor.
In use, a training session begins by the instructor entering commands at the instructor's console 23 to invoke a desired training environment.
Once the inputs have been made at the instructor's console, the instructor can swivel seat 20 counter clockwise by 90 and move it forward on the tracks 17 and 18 so that the instructor is just behind the right shoulder of the co-pilot and the left shoulder of the pilot. In this position, the instructor can observe the actions of the pilot and co-pilot over their shoulders and also observe the visual environment, including both the imagery produced by the CIG displays 12 and the instrumentation at both the pilot's and co-pilot's positions. However, when the instructor needs to adjust or change the training environment, it is necessary to move the seat 20 back on tracks 17 and 18 and to swivel it clockwise 90 to again have access to the instructor's console 23. In so doing, the instructor cannot easily observe the visual environment presented to the trainees, the cockpit instrumentation or the trainees' actions. This presents a problem in the continuity of the training session.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a training device or simulator with a full time over-the-shoulder instructional position from which no changes in the forward-facing posture of the instructor are necessary to control and monitor the training mission.
It is an object of an aspect of the invention to provide an instructor's position in an onboard instructor station which makes possible a unidirectional scan pattern by the instructor to observe trainees' actions, the simulated environment and the human/computer interface for the instructor.
It is an object of an aspect of the invention to provide an efficient packaging of the instructor's controls and display for an onboard instructor station of a training device allowing a single instructor . ., ~
position and eliminating displays and work surface required for the prior instructor console.
According to an aspect of the invention, the onboard instructor station for a training device provides a human/computer interface that is designed to support an optimum instructor's scan pattern of the training scenario. All displays and switches required to control and monitor the mission are resident at the instructor's work surface directly in front of, and tangent to the instructor's seated position. This design allows for a dedicated over-the-shoulder observation position. Therefore, the instructor may simultaneously observe trainees' actions, a visual scene and device instrumentation while controlling and monitoring the training environment through embedded situational awareness displays and corresponding switches at the work surface. The unique aspect of this design is the one position from which all tasks can be accomplished through the support provided by the packaging. This packaging employs flat panel displays which replace the traditional, larger CRT units.
Another aspect of this invention is as follows:
A simulator training system comprising:
a computer controlled system for providing realistic user interface for a simulated device to present a training scenario for at least one trainee, said computer controlled system being responsive to actions of said at least one trainee during a training scenario to generate outputs as a consequence of those actions;
at least one training position allowing said at least one trainee to view the training scenario and preform actions in response to the training scenario;
and ~,., 5a 2049675 an instructor control system controlling said computer controlled system including:
an instructor's seat in a dedicated over-the-shoulder observation position relative to the at least one training position for allowing an instructor to view the training scenario and the actions of said at least one trainee;
a display support structure attached to said instructor's seat; and a display assembly including a flat panel display embedded in an integral work surface and providing display and switch functions required to provide instructor input to said computer controlled system, said display assembly being attached to said support structure by a hinge means for allowing said display assembly to be rotated 90 to a vertical position to allow ingress and egress from the instructor's seat, said display assembly providing an instructor interface with said computer controlled system for controlling and monitoring a training scenario without obstructing the over-the-shoulder observation of the training scenario and actions of the at least one trainee.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the J
, drawings, in which:
Figure l is a plan view oE the interior of a simulated aircraft cockpit and supporting instructor's station structure depicting a prior art S onboard instructor's station;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the interior of a simulator cockpit showing the onboard, forward looking instructor station according to the present invention;
Figure 3 is a profile view of the instructor station according to the invention;
Figure 4 is a plan view of the instructor's flat panel display and control assembly;
Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of one of the flat panel displays shown in Figure 4;
Figure 5 is a plan view of an alternative configuration of the instructor's-flat panel display and control assembly;
Figures 6A and 6B are perspective views of a portion of the instructor station showing the movement of the flat panel display and control assembly;
Figure 7 is hierarchical tree of display pages depicted in one implementation of the invention;
Figure 8 is the initial display page depicted at the top of the hierarchical tree shown in Figure 7;
Figure 9 is a page displayed as a result of a selection made from the initial screen shown in Figure 8;
Figure 10 is a page displayed as a result of a selection made from the screen shown in Figure 9;
Figure 11 is a dispiay page showing the gaming area in the form o a map and own ship's position PD-C90004 2Q4~675 with c,ontrols that may be exercised by the instructor; and Figure 12 is a display page showing a windowing function when the MALF (malfunction) button is pressed during the display of the page shown in Figure 11.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED
EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to Figures 2 and 3, there are shown respectively a plan view and a profile view of the onboard instructor station according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 shows the interior of a simulated aircraft cockpit and supporting instructor station structure 30 for an aircraft simulator, entry to which is by means of a ` door 31. The cockpit is provided with CIG displays 20 (not shown) as before. There are two trainee positions; one for the pilot at 34 and the other for the co-pilot at 36. Along the axis of the cockpit are a pair oE tracks 37 and 38 on which is mounted the instructor station 40. As best seen in Figure 3, the instructor station 40 is an integral unit comprising the instructor's seat 41, work surface 43 with embedded displays and switches, and the work surface support structure 45. An observer's seat 42 is provided on the left side of the tracks 37 and 38. The o~server's seat is shown pulled away from the wall of the cockpit and swiveled counter clockwise approximately 45 to provide a view of the training session. The instructor station 40 is shown pulled ~orward on tracks 37 and 38. This is ` 2049675 the normal position of the instructor station during a train-ing session. The instructor station 40 is moved backward on tracks 37 and 38 only to allow ingress and egress by the trainees to their S respective seats. It will be observed that there is no separate instructor's console. Moreover, it is not necessary for the instructor station 40 to swivel since all functions performed by the instructor are in the forward facing position. The functions of the instructor's console are replaced by the flat panel display assembly 43 which is a part of the instructor station 40.
As best seen in Figure 3, the instructor stàtion includes the seat 41 having foldable arm rests 44 and mounted on the tracks 37, 38, which are flush with the floor. The foldable arm rests 44 may be individually pivoted up or down according to the preference of the instructor. In addition, the ' armrest 44 (Figure 3) on the left side of the seat 40 can be rotated upwardly to further improve the access.
Attached to the seat 40 is a support structure 45 to which the flat panel display assembly 43 is attached. This attachment is hinged to provide a rotation of 90 from the horizontal position to a vertical up and locked position for instructor ingress and egress. The instructor station is shown in phantom outline in its stowed position 46 illustrating the fore and aft movement of the instructor station along tracks 37, 38, as indicated by the double headed arrow 47.
Figure 4 shows the flat panel display assembly 43 as comprising two panels 48 and 49. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, a damper 51 is -204967~
9 . .
provided to prevent the display assembly from rapidly rotating Erom the vertical to the horizontal position with such force that might damage the display assembly. The display assembly 43 is attached to the support structure 45 by means of a hinge to permit the display assembly 43 to rotate about center line 52 to a 90 vertical position. A
lock (not shownJ holds the display assembly in the vertical position.
With the flat panel assembly 43 in the position shown in Figure 4, it presents a work surface having embedded therein two displays 53 and 54, each with a bezel containing twenty push button switches 55 and 56. In addition, there is provided a slew button 50 in the support structure 45. The slew button operates like a track ball or joy stick, allowing the instructor to move a display indicator (e.g., a cursor) to select different values depicted on a ` display page. For example, when values of such variables as latitude, longitude, altitude, heading and airspeed are displayed, the instructor can use the slew button 50 to move the display indicator to a desired value and then select that value by depressing the slew button.
In a preferred embodiment, the two displays 53 and 54 are implemented using gas plasma displays approximately eight inches square. The panels themselves are approximately twelve inches square, providing a combined surface of approximately twelve by twenty-four inches. Figure 4A shows a cross-sectional view of flat panel assembly 43. The plasma display 58 is housed within a case 59 having a thickness of approximately three inches. An optical filter 60 is provided over the plasma PD-Cg0004 2049675 .
displa~ 58 to suppress glare, and over the filter 60 is a clear plastic 61. Th,e clear plastic not only protects the plasma display 58, it also provides the instructor with a writing surface. Thus, it will be appreciated from Figure 4 that the top surface of the flat panel display assembly 43 provides the instructor all the functions of two displays, control switches and a work surface formerly provided by the console 23 shown in Figure 1.
While the preferred embodiment of a specific implementation uses two gas plasma displays and embedded switches, other displays and switch functions may be preferred depending on the application. For example, a single display 62, as shown in Figure S, may be substituted for the two ~isplays 53 and 54 shown in Figure 4. The display or displays may be implemented with other flat panel display technologies including, but not limited to, liquid crystal display (LCD) technology. In fact, a color LCD type of display could have significant advantages where color can be employed as representing information to the instructor.
Also, supplementing the embedded push button switches in the bezel surrounding the display screen, a touch screen can be used and the switch functions can be depicted on a display page. A
suitable technology for the touch screen is surface acoustic wave. This type of touch screen will respond only to a finger touching the display screen and not to larger objects, such as a note pad, so that the work surface can be used as a writing surface without unintentionally inputting commands and seiections.
Whatever the implementation, the display ~ 2049675 11 .
assemb~ly 43 is compact and easily moved from a horizontal to a vertical position as illustrated in Figures 6A and 6B, respectively. In addition to being compact, the display assembly 43 provides a highly flexible human/computer interface for the instructor. The push button bezel mounted switches, when actuated, provide the instructor with a tactile feedback to confirm that the appropriate switch action has been completed. ~uman engineering principles support this mechanism wherein the instructor's primary scan remains forward on the trainees' actions without diverting attention to confirm switch actuation at the instructor's work surface.
In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, functions of switches 55 and 56 are programmable to be display dependent with display pages depicted on displays 53 and 54. ~y way of example, Figure 7 shows a specific display page hierarchy of an instructor station implemented in a flight simulator. At the top of the hierarchy, the instructor may select a gaming area, coastal lowlands or desert, and maintenance utilities. Assuming that a gaming area is selected, the instructor can select various training procedures, one o~ which is "checkride".
Selecting the checkride option provides the instructor with several other options which control the training environment.
;:' The manner in which the instructor accesses the various functions and inputs commands during the training session is illustrated in the following figures. Referring first to Figure 8, there is shown the initial display page 70 corresponding to the top o~ the hierarchy shown in Figure 7. This is .
, the galming area/utility display page. The marks 71 about the periphery of the display page indicate the positions of the push button switches embedded in the bezel surrounding the display. The title of the display page is displayed at 72, and in the upper right hand corner, the mission time is displayed at 73. Along the left hand edge of the display page, there is but one function displayed and that is "maintenance". Along the right hand edge of the screen, two functions are displayed, and they are "coastal lowlands" and "desert". Only the push button switches for which a function is displayed are operational for this particular screen. Along the top edge of the screen, three commands, "motion", "tutor" and "freeze" are displayed. No selections are provided for the push button switches at the bottom edge of the screen.
Should the instructor select the coastal lowlands option, the display page shown in Figure 9 is next presented to the instructor. Notice that the title of the screen at 72 changes to reElect the name of the screen currently being displayed and that the mission time continues to be displayed at 73. In the display page shown in Figure 9, various functions are displayed along the right edge of the display, and these are different from those of the previous display page. Therefore, the functions of the push button switches have changed. In addition, there is now an additional command, "menu", displayed at the top edge of the display. Selecting this command returns the display page at the top of the hierarchy shown in Figure 8.
If the instructor selects the "checkride select" function by pressing the corresponding push .
button, switch adjacent the display in Figure 9, the screen shown in Figure lO,is next displayed. Thus, it is possible for the instructor to navigate through a hierarchy of screens as generally indicated in Figure 7.
The screens shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrate a succession of display pages which may be displayed on one of the display screens 53 and 54. Situational display pa~es are provided on the other of these two panels allowing the instructor full control over the training session. An example of a situational display is shown in Figure 11 where ownship position 81 is shown on a map relative to navigational points 82, 83 and 84, such as TACAN
stations. At the bottom of this display page are commands "mark", "malf" (for malfunction) and "print". The arrows adjacent the "print" command indicate which of the two display pages are to be printed.
If the "MALF" command push button switch is pressed, the windowed display page shown in Figure 12 is presented to the instructor. The windows depict the activated circuit breakers and malfunctions that are active in the simulation.
Within the training device industry, the present invention provides a human/computer interface that supports the concept of over-the-shoulder instruction for the entire crew from an integrated instructor station. Training devices that require onboard instructor positions are all potential candidates for the invention. The applications span both military and civilian applications. The invention applies to all crew served vehicles, such as aircraft and ships, where .
an instructo~'s presence is required. The instructor station is an integral unit supported by a remotely located industry standard graphics workstation; therefore, the invention can be implemented as a stand alone workstation in a training environment where the instructor's or senior crew member's skills are necessary to the training mission.
As mentioned the display can be implemented in any of several flat panel display technologies. The human/computer interface can be further augmented by the software supporting the instructor station. For example, instead of using programmable switches, extensive use can be made of "point-and-shoot"
software interfaces using a pointing~cursor controlled by the slew button 50. These software interfaces generally employ command bars and pop-down menus to allow the user to make selections and input commands.
While the invention has been described in terms of a single preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A simulator training system comprising:
a computer controlled system for providing realistic user interface for a simulated device to present a training scenario for at least one trainee, said computer controlled system being responsive to actions of said at least one trainee during a training scenario to generate outputs as a consequence of those actions;
at least one training position allowing said at least one trainee to view the training scenario and preform actions in response to the training scenario;
and an instructor control system controlling said computer controlled system including:
an instructor's seat in a dedicated over-the-shoulder observation position relative to the at least one training position for allowing an instructor to view the training scenario and the actions of said at least one trainee;
a display support structure attached to said instructor's seat; and a display assembly including a flat panel display embedded in an integral work surface and providing display and switch functions required to provide instructor input to said computer controlled system, said display assembly being attached to said support structure by a hinge means for allowing said display assembly to be rotated 90° to a vertical position to allow ingress and egress from the instructor's seat, said display assembly providing an instructor interface with said computer controlled system for controlling and monitoring a training scenario without obstructing the over-the-shoulder observation of the training scenario and actions of the at least one trainee.
a computer controlled system for providing realistic user interface for a simulated device to present a training scenario for at least one trainee, said computer controlled system being responsive to actions of said at least one trainee during a training scenario to generate outputs as a consequence of those actions;
at least one training position allowing said at least one trainee to view the training scenario and preform actions in response to the training scenario;
and an instructor control system controlling said computer controlled system including:
an instructor's seat in a dedicated over-the-shoulder observation position relative to the at least one training position for allowing an instructor to view the training scenario and the actions of said at least one trainee;
a display support structure attached to said instructor's seat; and a display assembly including a flat panel display embedded in an integral work surface and providing display and switch functions required to provide instructor input to said computer controlled system, said display assembly being attached to said support structure by a hinge means for allowing said display assembly to be rotated 90° to a vertical position to allow ingress and egress from the instructor's seat, said display assembly providing an instructor interface with said computer controlled system for controlling and monitoring a training scenario without obstructing the over-the-shoulder observation of the training scenario and actions of the at least one trainee.
2. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 1 wherein said integral work surface is formed by a clear plastic overlay of said flat panel display.
3. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 1 wherein said flat panel display is a liquid crystal display.
4. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 1 wherein said flat panel display is a gas plasma display.
5. The simulator training system recited in Claim 1 wherein said display assembly is lockable in said vertical position and further comprising damper means for preventing said display assembly from rotating to a horizontal position so as to damage the display assembly.
6. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 1 further comprising a bezel surrounding said flat panel display and a plurality of push button switches embedded in said bezel, said push button switches being programmable to have different functions when the display changes.
7. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 1 wherein said display assembly includes two flat panel displays, each of said flat panel displays being surrounded with a bezel, further comprising a plurality of push button switches embedded in the bezel of each of said flat panel displays, said push button switches being programmable to have different functions when the display changes.
8. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 7 wherein each of said flat panel displays are gas panel displays.
9. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 7 wherein each of said flat panel displays are liquid crystal displays.
10. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 1 wherein said flat panel display is a touch screen display.
11. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 10 further comprising a bezel surrounding said flat panel display and a plurality of push button switches embedded in said bezel, said push button switches being programmable to have different functions when the display changes.
12. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 1 further comprising slewing means for allowing control of a displayed indicator and selection of displayed options and commands.
13. The simulator training system as recited in Claim 1 wherein said computer controlled system includes a computer image generation subsystem for providing realistic imagery on a screen to present said training scenario.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/583,123 US5224861A (en) | 1990-09-17 | 1990-09-17 | Training device onboard instruction station |
| US583,123 | 1990-09-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2049675A1 CA2049675A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
| CA2049675C true CA2049675C (en) | 1997-01-28 |
Family
ID=24331770
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002049675A Expired - Fee Related CA2049675C (en) | 1990-09-17 | 1991-08-22 | Training device onboard instruction station |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5224861A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0476920B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2501693B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR950007217B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2049675C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69114428T2 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL99360A (en) |
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- 1991-09-17 JP JP3265274A patent/JP2501693B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| IL99360A (en) | 1994-08-26 |
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| US5224861A (en) | 1993-07-06 |
| DE69114428D1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| JPH04256991A (en) | 1992-09-11 |
| IL99360A0 (en) | 1992-08-18 |
| EP0476920B1 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
| CA2049675A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 |
| KR950007217B1 (en) | 1995-07-04 |
| JP2501693B2 (en) | 1996-05-29 |
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