CA2007437A1 - Multifunctional block and kit for science instruction - Google Patents

Multifunctional block and kit for science instruction

Info

Publication number
CA2007437A1
CA2007437A1 CA002007437A CA2007437A CA2007437A1 CA 2007437 A1 CA2007437 A1 CA 2007437A1 CA 002007437 A CA002007437 A CA 002007437A CA 2007437 A CA2007437 A CA 2007437A CA 2007437 A1 CA2007437 A1 CA 2007437A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
block
kit
science
dowel
holes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002007437A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Thomas George Phillips
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CA002007437A priority Critical patent/CA2007437A1/en
Priority to US07/464,227 priority patent/US5067902A/en
Priority to GB9100306A priority patent/GB2240653A/en
Publication of CA2007437A1 publication Critical patent/CA2007437A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G09EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09BEDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/06Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present invention relates to educational and demonstration devices for the instruction of basic scientific principles. The present invention consists of a kit for science instruction which comprises a multifunctional support block, activity cards containing directions for setting up and conducting experiments and a selection of accessory items. The accessory items can include gears, mirrors, ramps, doweling, magnets, metal rods, weights, balloons, paper clips, string, tape, tacks, rubber bands, washers, straws, pins, moulds and cloth patches.

Description

Multifunctional Block and Kit for Science Instruction BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention This invention relates to educational and demonstration devices for the instruction of basic scientific principles.
The invention further provides a multifwnctional support element which can be used in a wide variety of experiments and activities.

Description of the Prior Art The use of supports for classroom science equipment is known. United States Patent 3,520,g81 for an "APPARATUS FOR
CLASSROOM P~YSICS EXPERIMENTS" and United States Patent 1,849,305 for an "EXPERIMENTAL DERRICK AND ~ADDER ASSEMBLY" are examples of devices used for classroom instruction that include supports.
However the supports described in these patents are designed solely for particular ap~lications and are not multifunctional.
5UMMARY OF THE INyENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide an inexpensive yet entirely adequate means for alleviating a 20~ perceived lack of materia~ls for science instruction at the elenentary school level.

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Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to help eliminate the need for many different and separate pieces of equipment for conducting different experiments and activities.
Yet another object of the invention is to provide a science kit that encourages students to direct their own learning. In this regard, there are activity cards in the kit of the present invention which allow the students to study varied activities on their own without the need for a teacher's constant supervision.
The students are, as much as possible, left to their own devices to pursue all the roads that the kit and their own imagination and initiative take them.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide a multifunctional support and focal point for the use of materials commonly found in the classroom yet sometimes not thought of as science apparatus. For example, bristol board, drinking straws, paper clips and assorted containers become part of a science learning process centred around the support and the kit.
Further objects of the invention include the fostering of planning skills and problem solving. Students are left to their own devices and of necessity must plan to find the answers to ~he ~uestions sn the activity cards.
Thus in accordance with the present invention there is provided a kit for elementary science instruction comprising a multifunctiona] support means , activity cards containing instructions for setting up and conducting experlments and a variety of ancillary components selected from the group ,, ~ .
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~q~ 37 consisting of gears, mirrors ramps, dowelling, pegs, balls, screws, pulleys, lexan sheets, iron filings, magnets, metal rods, weights, washers, balloons, paper clips, string, tape, tacks, rubber bands, straws, pins marbles and cloth patches. The support means preferably comprises a block made of wood, plastic or like material having a plurality of slots and holes in its top, bottom and side walls, said slots and holes of various sizes and shapes for retaining and supporting one or more of the ancillary components.
In another aspect the present invention provides a multifunctional support for science experiments said support comprising a rectangular block having a plurality of different sizes and shapes of slots and holes in the top, bottom and side walls of said block for retaining and supporting a variety of other objects. The slots and holes are also provided at different angles to support the other objects at various angles.
The general concept residing in the device is the provision of a "MULTIFUNCTIONAL BLOCK AND KIT" that fulfils the - objects of the invention as set out above. As implied by the Prior Art section above, this inventive concept is not known to be part of the prior art.
Further features of the invention will be described or ` ~ will become apparent in the course of the following detailed description.
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~; 25 ~ BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

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, ~Q~37 In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, the preferred embodiment thereof will now be described in detail by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. l is a perspective of the preferred embodiment of the multifunctional support means of the present invention Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the block of Fig. 1 Fig. 3 is a bottom plan view of the block of Fig. 1 Fig. ~ is a front plan view of the block of Fig. 1 Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the bottom and back of the block of Fig. 1 supporting a piece of dowelling Fig. 6 & 7 illustrate the block of Fig. 1 supporting various components.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The preferred embodiment of the invention is a kit which includes a block.
With reference to Figure 1, the block 10 of the preferred embodiment is about 23 cm x 9 cm x 4.5 cm. Preferably, the block 10 is made of wood or plastic but can be made of any suitable material.
Generally speaking, when a particular side of the block is in use that side faces upward. As a matter of convenience, ~;~ the sides will be identiied as top side 11, bottom side 20, front side 12, back side 62, left end 13~ and r~ight end 1~.

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, ~ ~3 Figure 2 is a plan view of the top 11 of the block 10.
There is a left slot or groove 15 parallel to and approximately 1 cm from the left end 13 the block. Similarly, there is a right slot or groove 16 parallel to and approximately 1 cm from the right end 14 of the block. Between and parallel to the left slot 15 and the right slot 16 is a middle slot 17. A 30~0 degree slot 18 extends from the front of the middle slot 17 to the left across the width of the block 10 and forms an angle of thirty degrees with the middle slot 17. A 60^0 degree slot 19 similarly extends from the front of the middle slot 17 to the right and forms an angle of sixty degrees with the middle slot. The left slot 15 and right slot 16 intersect the back side 62 of the block adjacent to the pants where the 30^0 degree slot 18 and the 60~0 degree slot 19 respectively intersect the back side 62 of the block. Preferably, the middle slot 17 is approximately 8.5 cm from the left end 13 of the block.
The slits serve to hold rectangular pieces of cardboard or mirror on edge as illustrated in Figure 7.
~igure 6 shows the back 62 of the block. Two circular holes 60 approximately 0.6 cm diameter are drilled 1 cm from b~e bottom side 20 and respectively 3 cm from the left end and the right end. The holes are adapted to receive pegs or other components.
Figure 4 depicts a plan view of the front 12 of the ~5 block. There are holes 40 correspondin~ to the circular holes 60 `:
~ on the back of the block.

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, - ' , ' The front 12 of the block also has two wide 510ts, 41 and 42, parallel to the left end 13 and right end 14 of the block and adapted to receive components such as a bar magnet.
Preferably, the centre lines of the slits are respectively 6 cm and 8.5 cm from the right end 14 of the block.
Figure 3 depicts a plan view of the bottom 20 of the block. There are 4 bottom peg holes 30 arranged to form a square. A fifth bottom peg hole 31 is located to the right of the square a distance equal to the length of one side and aligned with the front side of the square. The bottom peg holes closest to the left end of the block are preferably 4.5 cm from the left end. The bottom peg holes are approximately 5.5 cm apart.
The bottom peg holes are meant to hold pegs for gears, pulleys, wheels and rubber bands as illustrated in Fig. 6.
In addition to the bottom peg holes 30 and 31 there are also two vertical dowel holes 32 and 33 adjacent to each end oE
the block. Preferably, the vertical dowel holes are centred between the front and back s des 1.5 cm from each end and approximately 1.2 cm in diameter.
Another feature of the bottom side is an inclined dow~
hole 34. Preferably, the inclined dowel hole 34 is equal in diameter to the vertical dowel holes 32 and 33 (1.2 cm) and is inclined towards the back 62 approximately 60 degrees to the vertical. The inclined dowel hole is adapted to receive one of ~5 the dowels 38. As shown in Figure 5~ the inclined dowel hole can :

'~- '.: - ,. ' , ''' ' be used to support a dowel 38 with a pendulum tied to the elevated extremity.
In the preferred embodiment the science kit of the present invention includes the followiny items in addition to the block:
4 pegs, 3 dowels, 1 box of activity cards, 3 gears, 2 mirrors, a ramp, 2 dowels (12mm or 0.5 inches), 1 dowel (6mm or .25 inches), 4 short pegs, 2 table tennis balls, 1 large wooden screw and wheels/pulleys, a sheet of lexan, iron filings, 2 bar magnets with magnetized faces, 2 round magnets, 2 metal rods, l box miscellaneous, 2 weights (fishing sinkers), washers, 2 balloons, 2 bulldog clips, string, scotch tape, thumbtacks, paper clips, rubber bands, square of cloth, drinking straws, straight pins, marble.
Many activities can be conducted using the kit and the following examples would be included with the activity cards of the present invention:
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Barometer Materials Required The Science Block Balloon ; Glass jar, or plastic yogurt cup Elastic band Straw Glue :
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Procedure 1. Cut one side of balloon down the middle. Stretch it over the top of the glass jar or plastic cup.
Hold it in place with the rubber band 2. Spread a thin layer oE glue across the middle of the stretched balloon. Glue one end oE the straw so that the straw extends horizontally beyond the edge of the cup .
3. Tape a 5x9 cm. piece of bristol board on the left end 13 of the block.
4. Put the straw pointing towards the bristol board and mark the scale where the top of the straw meets the bristol board.
5. Keep a daily record of the changes in the position of the pointer.
6. Should there be dramatic and sudden changes in the weather, take more frequent readings.
~ctivity 2: Weather Vane ~aterials required The Science Block 1\2" dowel with hole in the top. Get metric equivalent of 1\~" straight pin.
straw bristol~board Procedure .. , ~
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Z0~7~7 l. Insert the dowel vertically into one of the holes 32 in the bottom 20 of the block.
2. Cut out an arrow tail in bristol board (7 cm.) 3. Slit the straw at one end about 2 cm. long.
4. Glue the arrow tail into the slit in the straw.
5. Find the balance point of the straw and put a straight pin through the straw at the balance point.
6. Stick the pin in top of the dowel.
Activity 3: Balance Materials required:
The Science Block String 2 dowels Peg Paper Clips 2 Containers Procedure l. Insert dowel into a hole 32 in the bottom of the block.
2. Put a peg near the top of dowel.
3. Place the middle of a second dowel over the peg to form a cross.
;~ ~ 4. Bend paperclips over~both ends of cross dowelO
HaDg~ the containers~by string from the ends of the ;horizontal~dowel.
~25 5.~ Ba1ance~the beam by moving the paper clips.
Activity 4: Balance 2 ~. : :
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Materials required:
The Science Block 2 large dowels 2 paperclips weights or washers Procedure:
1. Place one dowel into a hole in the bottom of the block and attach on a peg the other dowel at the top of the first dowel to form a -~ balance.
2. ~ook a weight onto a paper clip.
3. Slip the other end of the paper clip through the "eye"
on one end of the balance.
4. Do the same to the other end of the balance.
Activity 5: Ramp Materials required:
The Science Block Dowe}ling Pegs Procedure:
1. Attach the ramp to a pegso that the peg extends beyond the edge of the ramp block.
2. Line up a hole in the slde o~ the~block and insert the peg.
3. The ramp can be lowered or raised hy lowering or ~ raislng the~peg or turning the block on ltS end.
Activity 6: Pendulum ' 10 : :
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Materials required:
The Science Block Dowel Washer String Procedure:
1. Place a dowel into the 60^0 degree hole 34 in the block as shown in Fig. 5.
2. Tie a string to the end of the dowel and a washer to the other end of the string.
Activity 7: Gears Materials required:
Science Block 3 Pegs 3 cogs Procedure:
1. Find two holes in your block that are close together and insert pegs into the holes 30 provided in the bottom of the block.
2. Place gears over the pegs making sure all the gears mesh.
Activity 8: Spring or Elastic Scale ~ Materials required:
; 25 The Science Block 1 Peg :~:

:

Washers 1 graduated scale made from bristol board.
String 1 small container Thumb Tacks Elastic band or spring Procedure:
1. Tack a 5 cm x 9 cm. sheet of bristol board onto the bottom of the block and set the block onits end 14.
2. Place a peg in a hole 30 above the bristol board.
3. Hang elastic or spring on the peg.
4. Suspend a small container on the elastic with a paper clip and string.
5. Graduate the scale by putting different numbers of washers into container.
Activity 9: Magnetic Field Materials required:
The Science Block 2 bar magnets 1 clear plastic sheet Procedure:
1. Slide the two bar magnets into the wide slots 41 and 42 in the block and set the block onits back side so the :
slots are facing up.
2. Place a clear plastic sheet on top of the magnets.

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3. Sprinkle iron filings onto the plastic sheet.
Activity 10: Crane Materials required:
The Science Block Two 1/2'l dowels (metric equivalent) 1 Peg String Procedure:
1. Insert a 1\2" dowel vertically into the hole 32 on the bottom of the block.
2. Put a peg through the bottom hole in the second dowel and into a hole in the vertical dowel.
3. Tie a string to the eye hook in the top of the second dowel adjacent its free end and run the string through a second eye hook in the top of the first dowel.
4. Tie a short piece of string to an eye hook adjacent the free end o~` the second dowel and on its underside and a hook or magnet on the other end of the short string.
5. Raise and lower the crane and the 'load'.
Activity 11: Block Clock Materlals required:
Block Coat Hanger 2 Sheets of White Paper Thin Dowel ' ~ :

, ~ '7437 Procedure-1. Cut a sheet of white paper the same size as the block.
Tape the sheet on the top of the block.
2. Tape a dowel at one end of the top oE the block so that half of the dowel extends over the front side of the block.
3. When the sun is shining, place the block on another sheet of white paper.
4. Face the block towards the sun.
5. Mark the spot where the shadow falls onto the paper taped to the block.
6. Make a mark every half hour.

Activity 12: An Elevator Materials required:
Science Block String Elastic Band Small Box (match box s~ze~
2 Pulleys Procedure:
1. Insert 2 pegs in the holes in the back slde of the block.
2. Place pulleys over the 2 pegs.
3. Cut 2 lengths of string 30 cm. long.

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- .:
, . , ' ' ' ' ~ ~J~ 3 4. Tie the 2 strings to the elastic band.
5. Punch a hole in the ends of the small box.
6~ Thread the strings through the holes and the knots on the ends.
7. Put the string over the pulleys and tighten by winding around the bottom pulley.
8. Attach a 30 cm. length of string to the top of the small box.
9. Run the 30 cm. string over pegs 1 and as ln the diagram and attach a weight.
10. Turn the pulley and your elevator should move up and down.

Activity 13: Thaumatrope Materials Required BlocX
2 Large dowels 2 Rubber Bands Bristol board 8 cm. x 8 cm.
20~ Procedure:
1. Draw an animal on one side of the cardboard.
.
2. On the other side of the cardboard draw vertical lines.
3. Punch 2 holes~in the cardboard one at the midpoint of either end of the cardboard~ ~ ~

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4. Connect the 2 rubber bands to the cardboard and to the dowels one of which inserted into holes 30 in the bottom of the block.
5. Wind up the rubber bands and let the card spin.
6. Discuss what you see and the reasons why.
Activity 14: At the Movies Materials Required:
1. Cut a piece of cardboard the same width as your block.
And a height of 18 cm.
10 cm. from the bottom of the cardboard cut out a viewing window, 4 cm. high 12 cm. long Tape the cardboard to the front of your block.
Cut strips of white paper about 5 cm. wide and as long as you want.
Draw a story on your strip, something similar to the Gomic strips.
When the story is complete tape one end of the story to a dowel so that it will be seen through the hole in the cardboard.
Roll it up loosely onto the dowel.
Tape the other end to a second dowel.
Place both dowels into the holes 32 in the block. By turning both dowels the "movie'~ can be shown.
;; 25 Activity 15: Planetarium Materials Required~
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,~ : , - , ' ' ' ' X~7~3~1' The Science Block Styrofoam balls (different sizes) Dowelling Pegs Procedure:
1. Place vertical dowel in a hole in the bottom of the block.
2. Place peg in top of dowel.
3. Slip large round "wheel" over peg.
4. Insert large wire, flattened end into the slit in "wheel".
5. Place small piece of dowel over vertical piece of wire and slip another piece of wire horizontally through the small dowel. Place the "moon" and earth on the ends of the wire.
6. Finally place sun on the vertical dowel.

Activity 16: Measuring the Height of the Sun Above the Horizon, in Degrees Materials Required:
The Science Block 2 Dowels 3 Small Pieces of Bristol Board Plumb Line (a string tied to a nut) Pegs Procedure:
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1. Using your protractor mark off a quarter circle with a 5 cm radius and mar~ the degrees OAO to 90~O along the edge of the circle. Cut it out.
2. Attach the 1/4 circle at right angles to a piece of dowelling.
3. Cut out 2 squares of bristol board 3 cm. x 3 cm.
Mark one of them with a cross in the centre and in the other punch out a small hole in the middle.
4. With glue, thumbtacks or plasticine attach them to the ends of the dowelling. Put a vertical piece of dowelling in the block.
5. Using a peg attach the dowelling that holds the card board and protractor onto -the vertical dowelling.
6. Tie the plumbline to peg.
7. At midday, each day, place the device in such a way that a beam of sunlight shines through the hole and onto the middle of the cross.
8. Hold the cross member in that position and read the degrees registered by the plumbline. That is the ; 20 number of degrees the sun is above the horizon.
Activity 17: Experiment 6 Materials Required-The Science Block Dowelling String ~ashers . . . . .
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Procedure:
1. Suspend two pendulums of the same weight but different lengths, about 2 cm. apart.
2. Start both swinging together. Count the number of oscillations of each pendulum.
3. Record your findings and graph your results.
4. How many oscillations did it take for the two pendulums to swing together again?
Activity 18: Experiment 7 Materials Required:
The Science Block Dowelling String Washers Procedure:
1. Suspend two pendulums of the same length and weight.
2. Wrap a dowel around the two strings.
3. Hold pendulum A still.
4. Pull pendulum B back.
5. Release both together.
6. Record what happens. Explain the results.
Activity: Experiment 8 ; Materials Required:
The Science Block Dowelling String : 1 9 . . ' . ' :' . : ' .
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Washers Procedure:
1. Using 2 blocks, tie a string between the two upright dowels.
2. Tie two identical plumblines to the string about 30 cm.
apart.
3. Keep ane still while you start the second one swinging.
4. What happens. (One transfers energy to the other).
5. Record your findings and explain the results.
It will be appreciated that the above description relates to the preferred embodiment by way of example only. Many variations on the invention will be obvious to those knowledgeable in the field, and such obvious variations are within the scope of the invention as described and claimed, ~ 15 whether or not expressly described.

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Claims (5)

1. A kit for science instruction comprising a multifunctional support means, activity cards containing instructions for setting up and conducting experiments and a plurality of ancillary components selected from the group consisting of gears, mirrors, ramps, dowelling, magnets, metal rods, weights, washers, balloons, paper clips, string, tape, tacks, rubber bands, straws, pins, moulds and cloth particles.
2. The kit of claim 1 wherein the multifunctional support means comprises a block having a plurality of slots and holes in its top, bottom,front, back and side walls.
3. The kit of claim 2 wherein the block is made of wood.
4. The kit of claim 3 wherein the slots and holes in the block are of various sizes and shapes for retaining and supporting one or more of the ancillary components.
5. A multifunctional support to science experiments, said support comprising a rectangular block having a plurality of different sizes and shapes of slots and holes in the top, bottom, front, back and side walls of said block.
CA002007437A 1990-01-09 1990-01-09 Multifunctional block and kit for science instruction Abandoned CA2007437A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002007437A CA2007437A1 (en) 1990-01-09 1990-01-09 Multifunctional block and kit for science instruction
US07/464,227 US5067902A (en) 1990-01-09 1990-01-12 Multifunctional block and kit for science instruction
GB9100306A GB2240653A (en) 1990-01-09 1991-01-08 Science instruction kit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002007437A CA2007437A1 (en) 1990-01-09 1990-01-09 Multifunctional block and kit for science instruction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2007437A1 true CA2007437A1 (en) 1991-07-09

Family

ID=4143974

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002007437A Abandoned CA2007437A1 (en) 1990-01-09 1990-01-09 Multifunctional block and kit for science instruction

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5067902A (en)
CA (1) CA2007437A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2240653A (en)

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GB2318675A (en) * 1996-10-07 1998-04-29 David Eckold Simple machines kit
US20040023199A1 (en) * 1998-02-27 2004-02-05 Lally Robert William Technology explorer toy
US6821260B2 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-11-23 Gregory Charles Fors Myofascial rehabilitation board and method of use
US6969260B1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2005-11-29 Robert William Lally Technology explorer toy
DE102009011616A1 (en) * 2009-03-04 2010-09-09 Schöck Bauteile GmbH Shuttering apparatus and method for creating a recess during casting of a component
US20100248202A1 (en) * 2009-03-30 2010-09-30 Walter Bennett Thompson Multi-component learning kit
US20140338695A1 (en) * 2013-05-20 2014-11-20 Horng-Chou Chang Dental floss holder
US20170340920A1 (en) * 2016-05-31 2017-11-30 Polar Electro Oy System for monitoring physiological activity

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US1608592A (en) * 1926-02-24 1926-11-30 Herbert C Funk Toy construction unit
GB729384A (en) * 1953-06-12 1955-05-04 W B Nicolson Scient Instr Ltd Apparatus for demonstrating theory of light
US2803088A (en) * 1954-07-20 1957-08-20 James A Swann Educational toy construction
US3145482A (en) * 1961-09-22 1964-08-25 Russell K Edwards Three-dimensional property indicating device
GB1071314A (en) * 1965-03-03 1967-06-07 New Clear Ltd Improvements in or relating to apparatus for teaching physics
US3518787A (en) * 1967-12-22 1970-07-07 John Anello Sr Building blocks with means for loosely connecting same
US3562926A (en) * 1968-04-11 1971-02-16 Jerry N Koral Self-corrective educational device for teaching density
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GB1233329A (en) * 1969-12-18 1971-05-26
US3747261A (en) * 1972-03-27 1973-07-24 N Salem Ball and rod linkage for joining polyhedral members
US3797132A (en) * 1972-11-22 1974-03-19 Xerox Corp Educational device
US4188734A (en) * 1978-04-26 1980-02-19 Rich Co Educational toy
ATE10144T1 (en) * 1980-07-29 1984-11-15 The Open University DRAWING HELP.
CA1193434A (en) * 1982-07-23 1985-09-17 Laurence Lecapelain Language teaching kit
GB2143360B (en) * 1983-07-12 1986-11-12 Roy Henry Clifton Educational demonstration apparatus
US4961500A (en) * 1989-12-18 1990-10-09 Maurice Coulombe Medical dispenser tray

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2240653A (en) 1991-08-07
GB9100306D0 (en) 1991-02-20
US5067902A (en) 1991-11-26

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FZDE Discontinued