CA1314097C - Video difference key generator - Google Patents
Video difference key generatorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1314097C CA1314097C CA000550001A CA550001A CA1314097C CA 1314097 C CA1314097 C CA 1314097C CA 000550001 A CA000550001 A CA 000550001A CA 550001 A CA550001 A CA 550001A CA 1314097 C CA1314097 C CA 1314097C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- video image
- video
- input
- key
- key generator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N5/00—Details of television systems
- H04N5/222—Studio circuitry; Studio devices; Studio equipment
- H04N5/262—Studio circuits, e.g. for mixing, switching-over, change of character of image, other special effects ; Cameras specially adapted for the electronic generation of special effects
- H04N5/272—Means for inserting a foreground image in a background image, i.e. inlay, outlay
- H04N5/275—Generation of keying signals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
- H04N9/74—Circuits for processing colour signals for obtaining special effects
- H04N9/75—Chroma key
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A video difference key generator has stored reference video image. An input video image is compared with the reference video image by an absolute difference circuit which subtracts corresponding pixels of the two video images, the smaller from the larger, to produce a difference video image. The difference video image may be filtered, and then is input to a transfer function circuit to produce an output which may be used as a key signal for compositing video images.
Description
0', ~
YIDEO DIFFERENCE X~Y GENERATOR
~ack~round o~ the Inventi~n The pre~ent invention i related to k~y ~enerators for video proce~sor~, ~nd ~ore partlcularly to a ~deo difference key generator which compares ~ re~eren~e ~ideo image to an ~nput video ima~e and c~mput~ t~e absolute di~ferenceÆ between i~age~ on a plxel ~y pixel basi~.
In television production ~t ls co~mon to combin~
two vldeo s~gnals in ~uch ~ manner that a portion o~ a ~cene represented by one of the video ~ignal~ appears in the foreground superimposed ~ver a bacXground soene formed ~rom the other vldeo ~ign~l. Thi~ 18 done ~y generating a key ~ignal whiGh determines, for each pixel of the cene represented ~y th4 ~oreground vid~o ~nal, whether the ~oreground 6cene i~ di~play~d without attenuatlon in th~ compos~t~ of the two ~la~O
ignals or should be repla~ed at least partially ~y the corresp~nding pixel ~ro~ the bacXgrou~d sc~na.
Such a key sig~al 1~ commonly genarated ~ro~ the Golor oomponent6 o~ the ~oreground video ~ignal by ormin~ ~
the ~oreground signal wh~ 1~ the ~oreground ~ub~ ect appear~ again~t a b~cklng screen oP uni~orm ~lor - 2 - 13140~7 selected from colors which do not appear in the foreground subject, i.e., generally a saturated shade of blue. For each pixel of the foreground scene corresponding to the color of the backing screen a key signal of one is generated, and for each pixel of the foreground subject which is not the color of the backing screen a key signal of zero is generated. The transition of the key signal from one to zero may be blurred so that the transition is not abrupt, and the key signal will have a value between one and zero. The key signal is then multiplied with the background scene and one minus the key signal is multiplied with foreground scene, and the resulting multiplicands are summed to produce the composite video output. In some recent digital systems the key signal is a digital signal having a number of bits, such as eight, to encompass transition values or to create effects where the foreground scene is semitransparent.
U.S. Patent No. 4,485,403 issued November 27, 1984 to Gerhard Illetschko entitled "Noise Reduction System for Television Signals" and U.S. Patent No. 4,5~9,213 issued October 22, 1985 to Gerhard Illetschko entitled "System for Reduction of Noise in a Television Signal"
describes a motion detector which compares consecutive frames of a video picture to detect when there is motion within the picture. This output generates a signal which is used to control the amount of noise reduction applied to a video picture. With additional circuitry this output could be used to generate a key signal for compositing. Other types of key signals may be generated for recursive effects or the like by operator control.
_ 3 _ l 31 4097 Each key yeneration circuit requires a separate circuit depending upon the key application. What is desired is a key generator which may be used to generate any desired type of key including the traditional chroma key.
Summary of the Invention In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided a video difference key generator comprising: means for storing a predetermined reference video image; means for enabling the storing means to receive the reference video image, the reference video image being provided via an input selector; and means for comparing the reference video image from the storing means with an input video image from an input bus to produce a desired key output.
Accordingly the present provides a video difference key generator which stores a reference video image in a digital frame store or synthesizes the reference video image under user control. The reference video image is compared with an input video image and the absolute difference on a pixel by pixel basis is determined. The difference video image is processed with a look-up table which can emulate conventional clip and gain circuitry to provide threshold levels and edge softness as well as many non-conventional transfer functions.
The reference video image may be any desired video image, such as a black frame to generate luminance keys, a pure color frame to generate chroma keys, a prior ~rame of the picture video to generate motion keys, a key frame to compare with incoming keys or the like. ~he resulting output is a key signal which can be used in the compositing of video images.
The objects, advantages and other novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended claims and attached drawing.
B
1 3 1 ~097 ~.e~ ~escrip~lon o~ ~he E~aw1~
The Figure i~i a blocX diagram o~ a vidQo dl-fference key ~n~rxtor ~Gcording to the pres~nt inventio~.
. .
pescr~p~ the Preferred_Emb~ ç~
Referring now to the Figur~ an input eelector 20 under user control 8elect8 either an lnput video l~ag~
or a synth2sized video i~age, ~uch n~ ck Yid~o image, ~ pur2 ool~r v~deo lm~ge, etc., to be ~ppl~ed to a reference fr~me stora 10. Th~ ~nput Yide~ l~age i~i al50 applied to ~n absolute d~ference ~ircuit 12.
A control clrcuit 14, whlc~ may be a ~icroproces~ior, determines whether the ~ielector 20 output ~ldeo i~age, stored as a reference vid20 lmage in th~ re~erenc~
frame store 10, i~ th~ lnput video image or ~he fiy~thesizQd video image generated by t~e oontrol circuit. ~Ae referenc3 video image fro~ the referencQ
frame store 10 iB compared with the inpu~ ~ideo image in the ab olute difference circuit 12 t~ output a differenGe video ~ignal which represents ~hB
difference in absolut~ value between respective pixel~
of the re~erence video l~ag~ and th~ input vi~eo imaga~ ~he control circuit ~4 ~ay enable th~
di~ference c~rcuit 12 to co~pare only lumlnance data, only ch~Dmnanca data, only key data ~r any comblnati~ of the6~ components o~ the input vldeo i~ag~. The difference videa 61gnal i~ then applied to an optional ~llter ~ircuit 16, the parameter~ o~ which are controlled by appropriate signal~ ~rom th~ control circult 14 as i8 well known in th~ nrt. Filterin~
provlde~ the abllity to ram~ sharp edge~ and r~u~
, . - - - ' - ' '`
- ~ O 1 3 1 4097 noi~ spikes in the di~ference ~ldeo ~iynal ~ccord~ng to the parameter~ of thQ ~ilter 16 8 determined b~
the control circult 1~. Flnally ~he key eign~l iB
passed through a look-up tabl~ R0~ 18 whlch pro~ide~ a transfer ~unctio~. ~he looX-up ~unction ~ro~ ~h~
table 18 i6 executed under control of the ~ntrol c~rcuit 14 and ~ay emulate a cenvent~nal ~lip ~nd gain circuit to produc2 a key ou~put. The G~ntrol circuit 14 ~ay ~ary the values of clip and gain in the lo~k-up ta~le 18 t~ provide threshold~ng and softn2s~
of the dl~erenca v~deo signal~ or may further modi~y the key output t~ provide, ~or instance, bands of ab~oluto difference. The result~ng key output ~ay be used as ~ key ~ignal ln the compos~t~ng o~ vid~o ¦ images.
The reference video i~age ~tered in the reference frame 6tore 10 may be ~ ~rame ~f video black~ An input v~de~ image iB compared w~th the 6tor~d reference ~deo lmage and the d$~ference ls th~
luminance level o~ the input videc~ imaS3e.
Alternatively a color may be ~tored in the reference ............. ...... .................... fram~ ~tor~ 10 and compared w$th t~e chrominanc~
- components of the lnput vide~ lmage to obtain a typ~
of chroma key. Further the reference video image ~ay be any other type o~ vide~ ~mage including ~ynthesi~d patterns or a *ra~e of the ~ideo picture input. T~e result ~s a flexible, ~ingle ~ey generator ~or - generating any type of key within the imaginatlo~ o~
t an sperator dependlng upon the 6elected re~erenee signal and the control signal ~rom the control ~, circuit 14.
; Thu~ the pre~ent lnvent~o~ pro~des a vid~o di~ferenc~ ~ey ~enerator ~a~ing a referenc~ video l~age 6tored in a fra~e ~tore for comparison with ,' ( ~,~1 inpu video i~age to gener~t~ a key ~sutput ~rh~h ~ay ~e used as a key ælgrlal ~or co~poslting vidao $mage~, th~ type o~ 3sey being ~ functlon of the ~tor~
reference video ima~e ~n~ the ~ontrol signals fro~n a control circult.
YIDEO DIFFERENCE X~Y GENERATOR
~ack~round o~ the Inventi~n The pre~ent invention i related to k~y ~enerators for video proce~sor~, ~nd ~ore partlcularly to a ~deo difference key generator which compares ~ re~eren~e ~ideo image to an ~nput video ima~e and c~mput~ t~e absolute di~ferenceÆ between i~age~ on a plxel ~y pixel basi~.
In television production ~t ls co~mon to combin~
two vldeo s~gnals in ~uch ~ manner that a portion o~ a ~cene represented by one of the video ~ignal~ appears in the foreground superimposed ~ver a bacXground soene formed ~rom the other vldeo ~ign~l. Thi~ 18 done ~y generating a key ~ignal whiGh determines, for each pixel of the cene represented ~y th4 ~oreground vid~o ~nal, whether the ~oreground 6cene i~ di~play~d without attenuatlon in th~ compos~t~ of the two ~la~O
ignals or should be repla~ed at least partially ~y the corresp~nding pixel ~ro~ the bacXgrou~d sc~na.
Such a key sig~al 1~ commonly genarated ~ro~ the Golor oomponent6 o~ the ~oreground video ~ignal by ormin~ ~
the ~oreground signal wh~ 1~ the ~oreground ~ub~ ect appear~ again~t a b~cklng screen oP uni~orm ~lor - 2 - 13140~7 selected from colors which do not appear in the foreground subject, i.e., generally a saturated shade of blue. For each pixel of the foreground scene corresponding to the color of the backing screen a key signal of one is generated, and for each pixel of the foreground subject which is not the color of the backing screen a key signal of zero is generated. The transition of the key signal from one to zero may be blurred so that the transition is not abrupt, and the key signal will have a value between one and zero. The key signal is then multiplied with the background scene and one minus the key signal is multiplied with foreground scene, and the resulting multiplicands are summed to produce the composite video output. In some recent digital systems the key signal is a digital signal having a number of bits, such as eight, to encompass transition values or to create effects where the foreground scene is semitransparent.
U.S. Patent No. 4,485,403 issued November 27, 1984 to Gerhard Illetschko entitled "Noise Reduction System for Television Signals" and U.S. Patent No. 4,5~9,213 issued October 22, 1985 to Gerhard Illetschko entitled "System for Reduction of Noise in a Television Signal"
describes a motion detector which compares consecutive frames of a video picture to detect when there is motion within the picture. This output generates a signal which is used to control the amount of noise reduction applied to a video picture. With additional circuitry this output could be used to generate a key signal for compositing. Other types of key signals may be generated for recursive effects or the like by operator control.
_ 3 _ l 31 4097 Each key yeneration circuit requires a separate circuit depending upon the key application. What is desired is a key generator which may be used to generate any desired type of key including the traditional chroma key.
Summary of the Invention In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided a video difference key generator comprising: means for storing a predetermined reference video image; means for enabling the storing means to receive the reference video image, the reference video image being provided via an input selector; and means for comparing the reference video image from the storing means with an input video image from an input bus to produce a desired key output.
Accordingly the present provides a video difference key generator which stores a reference video image in a digital frame store or synthesizes the reference video image under user control. The reference video image is compared with an input video image and the absolute difference on a pixel by pixel basis is determined. The difference video image is processed with a look-up table which can emulate conventional clip and gain circuitry to provide threshold levels and edge softness as well as many non-conventional transfer functions.
The reference video image may be any desired video image, such as a black frame to generate luminance keys, a pure color frame to generate chroma keys, a prior ~rame of the picture video to generate motion keys, a key frame to compare with incoming keys or the like. ~he resulting output is a key signal which can be used in the compositing of video images.
The objects, advantages and other novel features of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the appended claims and attached drawing.
B
1 3 1 ~097 ~.e~ ~escrip~lon o~ ~he E~aw1~
The Figure i~i a blocX diagram o~ a vidQo dl-fference key ~n~rxtor ~Gcording to the pres~nt inventio~.
. .
pescr~p~ the Preferred_Emb~ ç~
Referring now to the Figur~ an input eelector 20 under user control 8elect8 either an lnput video l~ag~
or a synth2sized video i~age, ~uch n~ ck Yid~o image, ~ pur2 ool~r v~deo lm~ge, etc., to be ~ppl~ed to a reference fr~me stora 10. Th~ ~nput Yide~ l~age i~i al50 applied to ~n absolute d~ference ~ircuit 12.
A control clrcuit 14, whlc~ may be a ~icroproces~ior, determines whether the ~ielector 20 output ~ldeo i~age, stored as a reference vid20 lmage in th~ re~erenc~
frame store 10, i~ th~ lnput video image or ~he fiy~thesizQd video image generated by t~e oontrol circuit. ~Ae referenc3 video image fro~ the referencQ
frame store 10 iB compared with the inpu~ ~ideo image in the ab olute difference circuit 12 t~ output a differenGe video ~ignal which represents ~hB
difference in absolut~ value between respective pixel~
of the re~erence video l~ag~ and th~ input vi~eo imaga~ ~he control circuit ~4 ~ay enable th~
di~ference c~rcuit 12 to co~pare only lumlnance data, only ch~Dmnanca data, only key data ~r any comblnati~ of the6~ components o~ the input vldeo i~ag~. The difference videa 61gnal i~ then applied to an optional ~llter ~ircuit 16, the parameter~ o~ which are controlled by appropriate signal~ ~rom th~ control circult 14 as i8 well known in th~ nrt. Filterin~
provlde~ the abllity to ram~ sharp edge~ and r~u~
, . - - - ' - ' '`
- ~ O 1 3 1 4097 noi~ spikes in the di~ference ~ldeo ~iynal ~ccord~ng to the parameter~ of thQ ~ilter 16 8 determined b~
the control circult 1~. Flnally ~he key eign~l iB
passed through a look-up tabl~ R0~ 18 whlch pro~ide~ a transfer ~unctio~. ~he looX-up ~unction ~ro~ ~h~
table 18 i6 executed under control of the ~ntrol c~rcuit 14 and ~ay emulate a cenvent~nal ~lip ~nd gain circuit to produc2 a key ou~put. The G~ntrol circuit 14 ~ay ~ary the values of clip and gain in the lo~k-up ta~le 18 t~ provide threshold~ng and softn2s~
of the dl~erenca v~deo signal~ or may further modi~y the key output t~ provide, ~or instance, bands of ab~oluto difference. The result~ng key output ~ay be used as ~ key ~ignal ln the compos~t~ng o~ vid~o ¦ images.
The reference video i~age ~tered in the reference frame 6tore 10 may be ~ ~rame ~f video black~ An input v~de~ image iB compared w~th the 6tor~d reference ~deo lmage and the d$~ference ls th~
luminance level o~ the input videc~ imaS3e.
Alternatively a color may be ~tored in the reference ............. ...... .................... fram~ ~tor~ 10 and compared w$th t~e chrominanc~
- components of the lnput vide~ lmage to obtain a typ~
of chroma key. Further the reference video image ~ay be any other type o~ vide~ ~mage including ~ynthesi~d patterns or a *ra~e of the ~ideo picture input. T~e result ~s a flexible, ~ingle ~ey generator ~or - generating any type of key within the imaginatlo~ o~
t an sperator dependlng upon the 6elected re~erenee signal and the control signal ~rom the control ~, circuit 14.
; Thu~ the pre~ent lnvent~o~ pro~des a vid~o di~ferenc~ ~ey ~enerator ~a~ing a referenc~ video l~age 6tored in a fra~e ~tore for comparison with ,' ( ~,~1 inpu video i~age to gener~t~ a key ~sutput ~rh~h ~ay ~e used as a key ælgrlal ~or co~poslting vidao $mage~, th~ type o~ 3sey being ~ functlon of the ~tor~
reference video ima~e ~n~ the ~ontrol signals fro~n a control circult.
Claims (5)
1. A video difference key generator comprising:
means for storing a predetermined reference video image;
means for enabling the storing means to receive the reference video image, the reference video image being provided via an input selector; and means for comparing the reference video image from the storing means with an input video image from an input bus to produce a desired key output.
means for storing a predetermined reference video image;
means for enabling the storing means to receive the reference video image, the reference video image being provided via an input selector; and means for comparing the reference video image from the storing means with an input video image from an input bus to produce a desired key output.
2. A video difference key generator as recited in claim 1 further comprising means for applying a controllable transfer function to the output of the comparing means to produce the key output.
3. A video difference key generator as recited in claim 2 further comprising means for filtering the output of the comparing means prior to input to the applying means.
4. A video difference key generator as recited in claim 1 further comprising means for switching the output of the input selector between the input video image or an input synthesized video image from the enabling means.
5. A video difference key generator as recited in claim 4 wherein the enabling means comprises a microprocessor control circuit which generates the synthesized video image, a write enable command to enable the storing means to receive the reference video image, and control signals for the comparing and filtering means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/922,976 US4800432A (en) | 1986-10-24 | 1986-10-24 | Video Difference key generator |
| US922,976 | 1986-10-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1314097C true CA1314097C (en) | 1993-03-02 |
Family
ID=25447903
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000550001A Expired - Fee Related CA1314097C (en) | 1986-10-24 | 1987-10-22 | Video difference key generator |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4800432A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0264965B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2662957B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU593397B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1314097C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3789193T2 (en) |
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| US7577200B2 (en) | 2003-09-07 | 2009-08-18 | Microsoft Corporation | Extended range variable length coding/decoding of differential motion vector information |
| US7567617B2 (en) * | 2003-09-07 | 2009-07-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Predicting motion vectors for fields of forward-predicted interlaced video frames |
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| US7209577B2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2007-04-24 | Logitech Europe S.A. | Facial feature-localized and global real-time video morphing |
| US9077960B2 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2015-07-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Non-zero coefficient block pattern coding |
| EP1931841A1 (en) * | 2005-10-07 | 2008-06-18 | Damon Stone | Concrete tile system and method of manufacture |
| US20070230794A1 (en) * | 2006-04-04 | 2007-10-04 | Logitech Europe S.A. | Real-time automatic facial feature replacement |
| WO2010002921A1 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | Yoostar Entertainment Group, Inc. | Interactive systems and methods for video compositing |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4160994A (en) * | 1975-06-07 | 1979-07-10 | Sonex International Corp. | Luminance key amplifier |
| JPS54130829A (en) * | 1978-04-03 | 1979-10-11 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | Locus display unit of mobile object on television screen |
| JPS57173286A (en) * | 1981-04-17 | 1982-10-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Picture synthesizer |
| JPS589476A (en) * | 1981-07-09 | 1983-01-19 | Sony Corp | Controller of digital key signal |
| JPS5846783A (en) * | 1981-09-12 | 1983-03-18 | Sony Corp | Chromakey device |
| PT77084B (en) * | 1982-07-23 | 1986-01-27 | British Telecomm | Improvements relating to data transmission |
| US4568981A (en) * | 1983-04-08 | 1986-02-04 | Ampex Corporation | Font recall system and method of operation |
| DE3319438A1 (en) | 1983-05-28 | 1984-11-29 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | SYSTEM FOR REDUCING NOISE IN A TELEVISION SIGNAL |
| JPS6080388A (en) * | 1983-10-11 | 1985-05-08 | Sony Corp | Noise eliminating circuit |
| JPS60190078A (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-09-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Picture synthesizing device |
| JPS60194696A (en) * | 1984-03-15 | 1985-10-03 | Toshiba Corp | Digital chromakey device |
| CA1287161C (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1991-07-30 | Akihiro Furukawa | Apparatus for discriminating a moving region and a stationary region in a video signal |
-
1986
- 1986-10-24 US US06/922,976 patent/US4800432A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-10-21 JP JP62266157A patent/JP2662957B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-22 CA CA000550001A patent/CA1314097C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-23 EP EP87115625A patent/EP0264965B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-23 DE DE3789193T patent/DE3789193T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-23 AU AU80082/87A patent/AU593397B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4800432A (en) | 1989-01-24 |
| EP0264965A2 (en) | 1988-04-27 |
| AU8008287A (en) | 1988-04-28 |
| AU593397B2 (en) | 1990-02-08 |
| JP2662957B2 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
| JPS63198485A (en) | 1988-08-17 |
| DE3789193D1 (en) | 1994-04-07 |
| DE3789193T2 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
| EP0264965A3 (en) | 1991-02-06 |
| EP0264965B1 (en) | 1994-03-02 |
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