CA1281378C - Apparatus for and method of measuring and/or controlling the useof fiber optic conductors - Google Patents
Apparatus for and method of measuring and/or controlling the useof fiber optic conductorsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1281378C CA1281378C CA000581811A CA581811A CA1281378C CA 1281378 C CA1281378 C CA 1281378C CA 000581811 A CA000581811 A CA 000581811A CA 581811 A CA581811 A CA 581811A CA 1281378 C CA1281378 C CA 1281378C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- cumulative usage
- value
- usage value
- generating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C3/00—Registering or indicating the condition or the working of machines or other apparatus, other than vehicles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B2017/00477—Coupling
- A61B2017/00482—Coupling with a code
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B2018/00988—Means for storing information, e.g. calibration constants, or for preventing excessive use, e.g. usage, service life counter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
- A61B2090/0803—Counting the number of times an instrument is used
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Laser Surgery Devices (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF MEASURING AND/OR
CONTROLLING THE USE OF FIBER OPTIC CONDUCTORS
Abstract of the Disclosure _ An apparatus for determining the usage of an optical conductor. The apparatus comprises a non-volatile memory operatively associated with the conductor for storing a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the conductor. A device responsive to a parameter of use generates a signal representative of usage of the conductor. A circuit is provided which is responsive to the signal and is operatively associated with the memory for generating from the signal a usage value and then generating from the usage value and cumulative usage value stored in the memory an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor, and for replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory with the updated cumulative usage value. The circuit may in aditon compare the cumulative usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum usage.
Structure operatively associated with the circuit is provided for preventing further use of the conductor when the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
CONTROLLING THE USE OF FIBER OPTIC CONDUCTORS
Abstract of the Disclosure _ An apparatus for determining the usage of an optical conductor. The apparatus comprises a non-volatile memory operatively associated with the conductor for storing a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the conductor. A device responsive to a parameter of use generates a signal representative of usage of the conductor. A circuit is provided which is responsive to the signal and is operatively associated with the memory for generating from the signal a usage value and then generating from the usage value and cumulative usage value stored in the memory an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor, and for replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory with the updated cumulative usage value. The circuit may in aditon compare the cumulative usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum usage.
Structure operatively associated with the circuit is provided for preventing further use of the conductor when the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
Description
~LX~137~
APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF MEASURING ~ND/OR
CONTROLLIN~ THE USE OF FIBER OPTIC CONDUCTORS
Backqround of the Invention Certain fiber optic materials have been shown to have an energy sensitivity. Some fiber optic materials such as KRS-5 decrease their transmissivity with time. The rate of this degradation is accelerated by transmission of radiant energy in the mid-infrared band. Thus, it is desirable, or in some cases necessary (laser surgery, for example), to limit the energy entering or exiting the fiber to prohibit radiant energy destruction of the fiber itself.
In other instances, it is desirable to limit the total energy transmitted through a fiber to limit distal-end degradation. Such is the case in laser surgery using silica-based optical fibers, where the silica-based fiber is destroyed due to contact with the vaporizing tissue.
Continued delivery of radiant energy in such cases will result in breaking the fiber and leaving sections of fiber in the patient.
In still other instances, where fibers~have windows ~ -and/or contact delivery probes, maximum energy limits can prevent failure modes in these structures.
In addition, in some cases optical fibers can become degraded or damaged as a result of mechanical stresses (e.g., bending, flexing, accidental dropping, etc.~
incident to their use. It may be necessary or desirable to ~ .
, ~ '' ' '' ' . `.~ ~ .
. . ~ .
~l~81378 limit the total nurnber oE uses of an optical fiber to prevent failure due to mechanical causes independent of the energy exposure of the fiber.
Accordingly, there is a need ~or a device which will keep an accumulated record of the usage of an optical fiber, and in addition is able to control and limit use of the fiber as desired. It is also desirable that the accumu1ated usage history of a fiber travel with the fiber upon disconnection and reconnection of the fiber.
Summary of the Invention The present invention is an apparatus for determining the usage of an optical conductor and comprises non-volatile-memory means~operatively associated with the conductor for storing a curnulative usage value representative of cumulative usage of the conductor. Means are provided for generating a siqnal representative of usage o~ the conductor. Circuit means are provided responsive to the signa1 and operatively associated with the memory means for c1enerating from the signal a usage value and for ~enerating from the usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value epresentative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value already in the memory means with the updated cumulative usa~e value.
- The apparatus may also include comparison circuit means for comp3rinn the updated cumulative usac~e value to a predetermined value representative of maximum permitted usage, and means operatively associated w;th the comparison circuit means may be provided for preventin~ further use of the conductor when the update(l culnulative usage value reac)lt?s the predetermined value.
6120-5 C~
"~
.
~X81378 The invention can thus be used either to measure total cumulative usacle without performing a control Eunction or to perform both measurement and control.
Description of the Drawings For the purpose of illustratin~ the invention, there is shown -in the ~winqs a ~orrn which is presently preferred; it bein~ understoo~, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
Figure l is a simpli~ied illustration of an inte~rated optical system employing the present invention.
Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating the present invention.
Figure 3 is a simplified illustration of a non-integrated optical system employing the present invention.
Figure 4 is a simplified sectional view of the non-integrated optical system component of the system of Figure 3.
Description of the Invention Referring now to the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate like elenents, there is shown in Fiqure ~ an integrated optic~l system l0 in accordance with the present invention. Optical system l0 comprises a source oE radiant~
power such as laser l2 and a ~iber optic cable assembly 114. Laser 12 is located in a housin~ 16, along with certain other components to be described later. (The system l0 o~ Figure 1 is reEerred to as integrated since all of the components except ~iber o~)tic cab1e as~sembly 114 are contained within single housin~ 16.) I.aser 12 may be any type o~ laser. Ilou~sin~ 16 is pr->vided with an electro-optical connector 118, hy means o~ which Eil~er optic cab1e assembly 111 is conn-?cted to l1ousin~ 16. ~s shown in Fi~ure 1, th~ ma1e ~natil-~ ha1f o~ a of connector 118 is mounte~1 on hou.sing 16 while ~iher o~tic cab1e asselnbly 114 6120-5 C~
. ~ ', ' ~ , 128~378 c~lr~ s the ~emale matiny hal~ o~ 118b oE connector 118.
~iowever, the opposite arrangement of mating halves can obvi~usly be utilized, as can any other connector con~iguration.
Within housing 16 and in optical alignment with laser l2 is a ~ocusing lens. Also shown schematically in Figure 1 is a wire or conductor 26 which supplies operating current to laser 12. At the rear of laser 12 is a power detector (not shown in Figure l). The power detector is also conventional with many lasers and well understood, and need not be described in detail. The power detector is arranged to detect power from the rear mirror of the laser, in well-know-n manner.
~.. ~
As an alternative to utilizing the conventional power detection technique discussed in the preceding paragraph, a beam splitter in optlcal alignment with;~l~a~ser~ 2~and power~ ;
detector 34 may be ~provided within houslng~l6 to measure~
the power ln~beam~36 from~laser~l2.~ Beam spll~tter 20 and~
power detector 34 thus~form~a~means~for~sampllng the power~
output from laser 12 and,~ thereforé, the~p~ower be-ing input into fiber optic cable assembly~114.~ shutter 22 can be~
used to control laser;emis~sion. The~beam~spl~i~tter, shutter~
and power~detector are~conventional an~d~`well-understood~ by`~
those skilled in the~ art~and,~accordinglyi~ need not be~
described in detail here.
Referring to~ flber ~optic cab~le;;assembly~ll4,~ lt;~
comprises~a conventional~optical conductor~ 128~whi~ch~way, for example, be~a material such~as cladded~KRS-5, silic~a~or~
other suitable ~optical material. Opt~i;cal conductor~ 128 conducts ~radiant~power~from laser~ 12~to a point ~of~use.
Included within fiber optic~cable~assembly~114 is a ~non~
volatile memory 130, which~may~be~any s;ultabIe~non-vola~tile~
memory. Memory i30 may be~ conve~nient~ly housed wi~thin~
mating half 118b of connector ~118,~so that the memory~ 130 :.
6120-5 C~
. , , : ' ' : ' ~ ' . ~ : , :
;
. ~ ~ ',, , ' ~ ' ', ~L2813'7~3 travels with the fiber optic cable assennbly 114 upon disconnection and reeonnection of cable assembly 114 to either housinc3 16 or a sirnilar device. Fiber optic cable assembly 114 may also include a detector 132 arranc3ed to detect power traveling down optical-eonductor 12~, as will be explained more ~ully below.
Referring now to Figure 2, there is shown a simplified block diagram of the circuitry of the pre.sent invention. The cireuitry (wlth the exception of non-volatile memory 130) may eonveniently be eontained within housinc~ 16, shown in Fic~ure 1, or may be packaqed se~arately. In either ease, eonnections among the circuit components and non-volatile memory 130 are preferably made through electro-optical connector 118.
Bloek 38 in Figure 2 represents an input to the circuitry, and represents the measureme~nt~of radiant power to ~iber optic cable~assembly 114. ~ea~surement of radiant power input can be aeeomplished in seve~ral ways, and ~our are illustrated in Figure~2.
The first three~ways are external~ to fiber opti~c cable assembly 114. ~An e1eet~ronie~slg~nal~i;s ~genera,ted whleh is representative~ of~ the~ in~sta~ntaneous value of the radiant power~by eithe~r~the~beam split~tèr~20/power detector~
34 co~bination, the~laser~ rear mirror~and an ~assoc~iated~
power detector, or by~'monitoring the;~calibra~ted~ electr~ic~
current sunplyinc7~ ase~r 12.;~ ~Th~e~ a~p~litude of~th~e~
calibrated electric supply;~current is repre~sentat~ve o~the~
rac]i~n~ power output Oe la~ser~l2,~ as~is~ well-k;nown in~;~the~
art. 'I`he fourth way o,f measurinc3 rad,iant power is with;
detector l32 located adjaeent to opt~cal conductor l28~and;~
within or just outside the protective sheath o~ fiber~ o~tic~
cable assembly 114;~for~detectin~ a s~gnal~ Erom ~the;
scattered power trave~ling~c30wn th~e optical conductor 1~28.
~`his scattered power is represent~ative oE Incominy r~di;lnt~
.
' - : ' ~ :: ' . .
~L28~378 --6~
power to optical cond~ctor 128. Thus, incoming radiant power to optical cond~ictor 128 is measured indirectl~ ~y detector 132 by capturing scattered radiant power from optical conductor 128 or from the incident beam.
The signa1 from the power detector block 38 is suitably conditioned in signal conditioning unit 40 and then sent to analog-to-digital converter 42, where it is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal. From there, the now-digitized signal is sent to microprocessor and memory circuit 44.
Memory in circuit 44 is suitably programmed for the microprocessor to make real-time calculations of energy being supplied to optical conductor 128 based on the signal from power detector box 38. The real-time calculations are -made for each predetermined interval of time during which energy is being supplied to fiber opt~ic~cable~ assembly 114. In operation, at the beginning~of~each interval, th'e~
microprocessor interr~ogates non-vol~atile~memory 130 and stores in its own da~ta memory the~cumulat~ive~energy value previously stored `in non~-volat11~e~memory ~130 during~the previous exposure int~erval.~ f cour~se, if optical~
conduct~or l28 has not pre~viously~been ~exposed to any~
energy, the cumulative energy value~will~be zero.) The~
microproc~essor then performs the~real-time~calculations~of~ ~ ;
;~ energy being supplied to fiber optic~cablè assembly 114 based on the signal~s'~from~the power~dete~otor~employed.~ The~
energy is then calculated for a~given~in~terval~by~ the~
microprocessor according to the relation~
energy~= (power x~tlme) and the calculated~ enérgy value~ is~th~en added to~th;e~
cumulative energy value previousl~y ~r~e~t~rieved from non~
volatile memory 130, and an updated cumulative energy value is determined. This;updated cumulatlve energy value, which is a part of the 'cumulative usage to which op~tical 6120-5 C~
:' : ~ ~ :: ~ ' ~:
: ~ :
.
: . . . : :: :
. : :.
, i2~313~8 conductor 128 has been exposed during the given exposure interval and all preceding exposure intervals, is read out of the microprocessor and stored in non-volatile memory 130 at the end o~ the pre-determined exposure interval, and the previous cumulative energy value stored in non-volatile memory 130 is erased.
In addition to storinc~ the cumulative energy exposure of fiber optic cable assembly 114, a maximum cumulative enerc1y exposure value can also be stored in non-volatile memory 130. This permits the microprocessor to constantly compare the current cumulative energy exposure of fiber optic cable asseTnbly 114 with the maximum cumulative energy exposure value and to provide quantitative or qualitative ~ -warning or control signals in response to the comparison.
For example, memory in circuit 44 can be~proqrammed for the microprocessor to ~take appropriate action~when~-the maximum cumulative energy value is~ reach~ed~ to ~terminate ~the~
incoming ener~y to ~iber optic cable~assembly~ 114, such ~as~
closinc1 shutter 22 via~shutte;r control 46 ~or controll~in laser output by a 1aser powèr control~ 48, such as ~for~
example interrupting laser~suDp1y ~current 26 to ~termina~te the raaiation of power by~laser l2.
Non-volatile~rnemory 130 may~also be~;p~reloaded with~
other pertinent data~, such~as a unique fiber serial numbér, initial transmissivi~ty;va~lue of t~h~e~ fi~ber~,~ date~of manu~acture, condltions~ oe~rnanu~a~ctu~re~ and lot numbers~o~
raw materials used~to~ manu~acture~ the~f~iber. The va~lue~of~
such additional data, arl(l how it can be retrieved and~
:
processed, will be reac~ily apparent to those sk~illed in the art.
~ ' O~ course, the ways in which memory in circuit 44 can be pronramme(1 to !~er[orln the operatio~ns descrihed a~bove, and the necexsary command and control inter~aces, are ;~
;
6120-5 C~
. .
- : . . .. : :
. , . . :: -: , , ~ .
128137~3 within the level of skill in the art and need not be described in detail here.
In a broader aspect of the invention, non-volatile memory 130 and the micrQprOCeSSOr may also be arranged to determine the total cumulative usage of an optical fiber based on parameters other than or in addition to energy exposure. For example, it may be desirable in certain cases to limit the number of times a ~iber optic cable assembly is used or to limit the number of hours it is used, even if the fiber has not yet reached a maximum allowable energy exposure after a predetemined number of uses or hours of use. In that case, detector 132 may be used to generate a signal, as described above, but which is processed in the microprocessor to generate not an energy value but a value representative oÇ a use of fiber optic cable assembly 11~ rather than energy exposure of fiber ~
optic cable assembly 114. This signal can be referred to as an event signal. The amount or duration of energy~
exposure sufficient to be counted as an event can be easlly preprogrammed into memory. ~or example,~an event may~ be~
the connection of fiber optic cable assembly to housing 16, or may ~e the connection plus a minimum~energy exposure,~or connection plus a ~minimum level of power~ exposure, or a combination oE the three. Discon~ection~of~electro-optical connector 118, turning oEf the system or zero energy input for a preselected time~, can constitute the~end of an event.
The event signal is transformed into an event value~by ~thc~
microprocessor and then accumulated ~as a cumulative evcnt~ ~
value. ~ ~ ;
As with the previously described embodiment, at the be~inning of each ev~nt, the microprocessor interrogates non-volatile memory i30 and stores ~n its own data memory the cumulative event value previously stored in non-~u volcltile memory l30 auring the previous use. (Of course, 6 1 2 0- 5 C l`J
:
: : : :
-,,-, .': ' '' :' .- :
-' : ' . ~
' ' ' . ': ' ' : , . .
. ~ ' ' . . ' ., ' : ' , . . .
~X8137~3 g if fiber optic cable asscmbly has not previo-lsly been used, the cumulative event value will be zero.) The event value is ~hen added to the cumulative event value previously retrieved from non-volatile memory l30, and an updated cumuI3.ive event value is determined. This updated c--mulative event value, which is part oE the total cumulative usage of optical conductor 128, is read out of memory in circuit 44 and stored in non-volatile memory 130 at the end of the determined event, and the previous cumulative event value stored in non-volatile memory 130 is erased.
In addition to storing the cumulative event value of fiber optic cable assembly 114, a maximum cumulative event value can also be stored in non-volatile memory 130. This~
permits memory in eircuit 44 to be suitably programmed for microprocessor to eonstantly compare the cumulative event~
value oE fiber optic cable assembly 114 with the maximum~
cumulative event value and to provlde ~uantitative~ or~
qualitative warning or control signals in response to the~ ;
comparison. For eYample, memory~ in ~circuit 44 can~ be~
programmed Eor the microprocessor to take~appropriate~
action when the maximum cumulative event value is reached~
to terminate the incoming power to cable assembly 114, sùeh~
as closing shutter 22 Yia shutter control 46, ~or~
controlling laser output by, for example, interruptlng~
laser supply current 26 to terminate the radiation of power~
by laser l2. -It should be understood that the mcmoly in circuit 44 can also be programmed so that incoming power to optical conductor 128 may be terminated, selectably, in response to cumul3tive energy e~posure only, cumulative event value only, or a cvmbination oE the two, such a~s whichever ~f the maximum curnuIative ener~y vaIue or maximurn cumulative event value is reached Eirst. In such case, the microprocessor 6120-5 ~
:
, --`' ~ ~ - ~ ' -, ' ' ::
~281378 may generate a usage value which is a function oE both the energy value and the event value already described. Thus, if the operator chooses to control usage based on energy exposure only, the event value can be set to zero, whereas if he chooses to control usage based on events only, the energy value can be set to zero. If he chooses to control usage based on the earlier reached of maximum energy exposure or maximum number of events, the invention can be so programmed.
In all of the embodiments described, non-volatiIe memory may also be pre-Ioaded with a value representative of maximum power rating of its associated optical conductor 128. In such a case, memory in circuit 44 can be programmed for microprocessor to constantly compare the power being supplied to fiber optic cable assembly 114 with~
the maximum rated power~in real time and to terminate the incoming power if the maximum rated power~ls exceeded.
As has already been noted, the embodiment described above is an "integrated" embodiment ;~ln that all of the components of the~optical systems according to the invention are contained in a single~ housing, with the exception of fiber optic cable assembl~y 114.~ However, the present invention is equally adapted to be utilized`with a~
conventional laser as an "add on" or retrofit system. A
preferred embodiment of such a latter system is shown~ In~
Figures 3 and 4. Referring now to Figu~re 3, there is shown~
an "add on" optica1~system 100 in~accordance with~he~
pre~ent invention. Optical system,l00 is adapted to be connected between a~source of radiant power such as laser 112 and a fiber optic cable assembly 1l4. As with thc first embodiment, las~er~ 112 may~be any type of laser. The optical components of system 100 are contained within a housin~ 116, and the electronic components (the signal conditioning unit, ana1Og-to-digital converter, 6120-5 C~
:
:
- , . : , ~ " , ' ' -, ' ~ ' . ' :' -.: -. , . - ~ . .: . .
- .' , ,, ' ', ,: ,., ~ ~ ' :' ,' ' . :
3L2~313'78 microprocessor and shutter control electronics) are contained in a control unit 150. Control unit 150 is connected to housing 116 by an electrical cable assembly 152, which carries electrical signals between housing 116 and control unit 150. AIternatively, all or part of the electronic components may instead be contained in housing ; 116. The electronic components contained in control unit 150 are essentially the same as the electronic components described in connection with the first embodiment, and accordingly are not described Eurther in connection with the second embodiment. That is, all of the electronics described above, and their operation and function, are the same.
-~Housing 116 is provided with an;electro-optical connector 118a, by means of~which ~iber; optic cable assembly 114 is connected to housing 116. As seen in ~ 0 ~igure 3, the male mating half ;118a~of~the~e~lectro-optlcal -~connector is mounted on~housing 116 while~fiber~optic cabl~
assembly 114 carries~the ~female~ mat~ing~half~ll8b ~of~the~
connector. However~ as with~t~he f~l~rst embodiment~ the~
~`opposite arrangement of mating~halves can;obviously be~
utilized, as can any other con~nector~`conflguratlon.
Laser 1~12 is connected to the input`l54 of hous~in~
ll6 by an~ optical conductor~lS~6,~wh~lch~ may be any sultable~
optic,~l conductor, su~ch; as ~an a~r~ti`cu~lated arm.~ ~his~
permits optical syst~em ~100 o~ ~the~ pr~es~nt-in`vention~to be~
used with~any~las~r.
e~erring now to~Figure ~4, there is show~n i~n sectional ~view the~ ~interior detalls of houslng 1l6,~
strating the optical components and their placement and operation. Radiation Erom las~er ~ll2, indlcated by the~dua~
arrows, enters housincg 116 throu(h lnpu~t lS4 and~strikes heam splitter 120. A major portio;n of thc light ~i~s~
r~Elected to the r~ight, as seGn ~in ~igure 4, ~and i~9 :
6120-5 C~
, -~ ' ~ ' , "' ~ .
128~378 indicated by a sin~le arrow pointing toward the ric~ht. The remainder of the radiation passes through beam splitter l20, as indicated by the single arrow pointing downwardly in ~igure 4. The portion of the light which passes through beam splitter 120 strikes detector 134 to measure the power in the beam from laser 112. Thus, as with the first embodiment, beam splitter 120 and power detector 134 form a means for sampling the power output from laser 112, and, therefore, the power being input into fiber optic cable assembly 114.
The portion of the radiation from 112 reflected by the beam splitter 120 passes through tube shutter 122. The shutter 122 is arranged to rotate by means of rotary solenoid 162 located below tube shutter 122.
Also, on the optical axis of ~housing 116 is a focusing lens 124 which focuses the energy to a beam of diameter small enough to enter the optical conductor I28 of;~
fiber optic cable assembly 114 held~1n~positlon by electro-optic connector 118.
Necessary electrical connections are made between thevarious electronic~components via electronic components~via electronics module 164.
Although omltted~for clarlty from FIgures 3 and 4, it~
is understood that~electro~-optic~connector 118a~makes electrical contact w~ith non-volat~ile memory~ 130 and~
detector 132 in fiber optic cable~asse~mbly 114. Non-~volatile memory 130 an~ cletecto~r 1~32~are~the same as, and~
::
pcrform the same function as, non-volatile~memory l30 and~
cletector 132 described in connection with the firs;t~
embodiment. Internal wiring (also not shown) in housin~
116 connect non-volat;le memory 130 and detector 132 to control unit via clectrical ca~ble assembly 152. Likew~isc, cable 152 also carries control signals to rotary~ solenoid~
162.
6120-5 C~ ~: ;
::: , : : : :
.
,' . , ~ ' - . ~. :
' ~';, ,, ' . ,' . ,. ~
~r v 1~8137~3 In operation, an electronic si~nal is generated by the beam splitter 120/power detector 134 combination which is representative of the instantaneous value of the radiant power. Alternatively, as with the ~irst embodiment, radiant power may be measured with photodetector 132 located adjacent to optical conductor 12B and within or just outside the protective sheath of ~iber optic cable assembly 114 for detectin~ a signal from the scattered power traveling down the optical conductor 128, The detected power signal is then suitably conditioned in a signal conditioning unit (such as signal conditioning unit 40 of Figure 2) and then sent to an analog-to-digital converter where it is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal. From~there; the now-digitized signal is sent to~ a microprocessor and memory~
circuit, such as microprocessor and memory circuit 44 of Figure 2. As with t~he embodiment~of~the "integrated~
system, the memory is suitably~pr;o~r~ammed for the microprocessor to~make real-time~calcula~t~ions of energy being supplied to the optical~conductor l28 or event~value~
of optical conductor~ l28 or com~b~nat~1on of ~the;~two~
Microproces,or operation is as describe~in the connect1on with the first embodiment.
When the microprocessor ha~s determined~ ~tha~t t~he maxirnum cum~ulative usa~e;val~ue Eor ~iber optic -cabl~e assembly 114 has been~re~ched, it ;may ~enerate~ a cont~ro1 si~n~l to rotary sol-enoid l6?. Roca~ry solenoid 162 causes~
tube shuttcr 122 to rotate so that ~he ~tube shutter is now interpose~ in the path of the b~ m re~lected from be~am~
splitter 120. Ihus tube .shutter 122 ~ectively blocks the input o~ Eurt~er l)ower to fiber optic ca~le asselnb1y 1~14 and preverlt.s ~urther use o~ the fil~e~r optic cable assemb1y ~ ;
114. Natllrally, any other~sui~table shutter an~3 shutter control mechanislll can ~e ~Ise(~.
6l20-5 (~
,~
~X8~378 The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departin~ from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention.
.
:;
-- , ~':
`
:~ ~
:: : : .
:
~: ~
~ -:~ :
::
6120-5 ~
: :
:
~, .. . . : .
. .
~: ,, . , , ~ '' , .
.
: : , ~ . -. .
: :;. . ,:
APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF MEASURING ~ND/OR
CONTROLLIN~ THE USE OF FIBER OPTIC CONDUCTORS
Backqround of the Invention Certain fiber optic materials have been shown to have an energy sensitivity. Some fiber optic materials such as KRS-5 decrease their transmissivity with time. The rate of this degradation is accelerated by transmission of radiant energy in the mid-infrared band. Thus, it is desirable, or in some cases necessary (laser surgery, for example), to limit the energy entering or exiting the fiber to prohibit radiant energy destruction of the fiber itself.
In other instances, it is desirable to limit the total energy transmitted through a fiber to limit distal-end degradation. Such is the case in laser surgery using silica-based optical fibers, where the silica-based fiber is destroyed due to contact with the vaporizing tissue.
Continued delivery of radiant energy in such cases will result in breaking the fiber and leaving sections of fiber in the patient.
In still other instances, where fibers~have windows ~ -and/or contact delivery probes, maximum energy limits can prevent failure modes in these structures.
In addition, in some cases optical fibers can become degraded or damaged as a result of mechanical stresses (e.g., bending, flexing, accidental dropping, etc.~
incident to their use. It may be necessary or desirable to ~ .
, ~ '' ' '' ' . `.~ ~ .
. . ~ .
~l~81378 limit the total nurnber oE uses of an optical fiber to prevent failure due to mechanical causes independent of the energy exposure of the fiber.
Accordingly, there is a need ~or a device which will keep an accumulated record of the usage of an optical fiber, and in addition is able to control and limit use of the fiber as desired. It is also desirable that the accumu1ated usage history of a fiber travel with the fiber upon disconnection and reconnection of the fiber.
Summary of the Invention The present invention is an apparatus for determining the usage of an optical conductor and comprises non-volatile-memory means~operatively associated with the conductor for storing a curnulative usage value representative of cumulative usage of the conductor. Means are provided for generating a siqnal representative of usage o~ the conductor. Circuit means are provided responsive to the signa1 and operatively associated with the memory means for c1enerating from the signal a usage value and for ~enerating from the usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value epresentative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value already in the memory means with the updated cumulative usa~e value.
- The apparatus may also include comparison circuit means for comp3rinn the updated cumulative usac~e value to a predetermined value representative of maximum permitted usage, and means operatively associated w;th the comparison circuit means may be provided for preventin~ further use of the conductor when the update(l culnulative usage value reac)lt?s the predetermined value.
6120-5 C~
"~
.
~X81378 The invention can thus be used either to measure total cumulative usacle without performing a control Eunction or to perform both measurement and control.
Description of the Drawings For the purpose of illustratin~ the invention, there is shown -in the ~winqs a ~orrn which is presently preferred; it bein~ understoo~, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
Figure l is a simpli~ied illustration of an inte~rated optical system employing the present invention.
Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram illustrating the present invention.
Figure 3 is a simplified illustration of a non-integrated optical system employing the present invention.
Figure 4 is a simplified sectional view of the non-integrated optical system component of the system of Figure 3.
Description of the Invention Referring now to the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate like elenents, there is shown in Fiqure ~ an integrated optic~l system l0 in accordance with the present invention. Optical system l0 comprises a source oE radiant~
power such as laser l2 and a ~iber optic cable assembly 114. Laser 12 is located in a housin~ 16, along with certain other components to be described later. (The system l0 o~ Figure 1 is reEerred to as integrated since all of the components except ~iber o~)tic cab1e as~sembly 114 are contained within single housin~ 16.) I.aser 12 may be any type o~ laser. Ilou~sin~ 16 is pr->vided with an electro-optical connector 118, hy means o~ which Eil~er optic cab1e assembly 111 is conn-?cted to l1ousin~ 16. ~s shown in Fi~ure 1, th~ ma1e ~natil-~ ha1f o~ a of connector 118 is mounte~1 on hou.sing 16 while ~iher o~tic cab1e asselnbly 114 6120-5 C~
. ~ ', ' ~ , 128~378 c~lr~ s the ~emale matiny hal~ o~ 118b oE connector 118.
~iowever, the opposite arrangement of mating halves can obvi~usly be utilized, as can any other connector con~iguration.
Within housing 16 and in optical alignment with laser l2 is a ~ocusing lens. Also shown schematically in Figure 1 is a wire or conductor 26 which supplies operating current to laser 12. At the rear of laser 12 is a power detector (not shown in Figure l). The power detector is also conventional with many lasers and well understood, and need not be described in detail. The power detector is arranged to detect power from the rear mirror of the laser, in well-know-n manner.
~.. ~
As an alternative to utilizing the conventional power detection technique discussed in the preceding paragraph, a beam splitter in optlcal alignment with;~l~a~ser~ 2~and power~ ;
detector 34 may be ~provided within houslng~l6 to measure~
the power ln~beam~36 from~laser~l2.~ Beam spll~tter 20 and~
power detector 34 thus~form~a~means~for~sampllng the power~
output from laser 12 and,~ thereforé, the~p~ower be-ing input into fiber optic cable assembly~114.~ shutter 22 can be~
used to control laser;emis~sion. The~beam~spl~i~tter, shutter~
and power~detector are~conventional an~d~`well-understood~ by`~
those skilled in the~ art~and,~accordinglyi~ need not be~
described in detail here.
Referring to~ flber ~optic cab~le;;assembly~ll4,~ lt;~
comprises~a conventional~optical conductor~ 128~whi~ch~way, for example, be~a material such~as cladded~KRS-5, silic~a~or~
other suitable ~optical material. Opt~i;cal conductor~ 128 conducts ~radiant~power~from laser~ 12~to a point ~of~use.
Included within fiber optic~cable~assembly~114 is a ~non~
volatile memory 130, which~may~be~any s;ultabIe~non-vola~tile~
memory. Memory i30 may be~ conve~nient~ly housed wi~thin~
mating half 118b of connector ~118,~so that the memory~ 130 :.
6120-5 C~
. , , : ' ' : ' ~ ' . ~ : , :
;
. ~ ~ ',, , ' ~ ' ', ~L2813'7~3 travels with the fiber optic cable assennbly 114 upon disconnection and reeonnection of cable assembly 114 to either housinc3 16 or a sirnilar device. Fiber optic cable assembly 114 may also include a detector 132 arranc3ed to detect power traveling down optical-eonductor 12~, as will be explained more ~ully below.
Referring now to Figure 2, there is shown a simplified block diagram of the circuitry of the pre.sent invention. The cireuitry (wlth the exception of non-volatile memory 130) may eonveniently be eontained within housinc~ 16, shown in Fic~ure 1, or may be packaqed se~arately. In either ease, eonnections among the circuit components and non-volatile memory 130 are preferably made through electro-optical connector 118.
Bloek 38 in Figure 2 represents an input to the circuitry, and represents the measureme~nt~of radiant power to ~iber optic cable~assembly 114. ~ea~surement of radiant power input can be aeeomplished in seve~ral ways, and ~our are illustrated in Figure~2.
The first three~ways are external~ to fiber opti~c cable assembly 114. ~An e1eet~ronie~slg~nal~i;s ~genera,ted whleh is representative~ of~ the~ in~sta~ntaneous value of the radiant power~by eithe~r~the~beam split~tèr~20/power detector~
34 co~bination, the~laser~ rear mirror~and an ~assoc~iated~
power detector, or by~'monitoring the;~calibra~ted~ electr~ic~
current sunplyinc7~ ase~r 12.;~ ~Th~e~ a~p~litude of~th~e~
calibrated electric supply;~current is repre~sentat~ve o~the~
rac]i~n~ power output Oe la~ser~l2,~ as~is~ well-k;nown in~;~the~
art. 'I`he fourth way o,f measurinc3 rad,iant power is with;
detector l32 located adjaeent to opt~cal conductor l28~and;~
within or just outside the protective sheath o~ fiber~ o~tic~
cable assembly 114;~for~detectin~ a s~gnal~ Erom ~the;
scattered power trave~ling~c30wn th~e optical conductor 1~28.
~`his scattered power is represent~ative oE Incominy r~di;lnt~
.
' - : ' ~ :: ' . .
~L28~378 --6~
power to optical cond~ctor 128. Thus, incoming radiant power to optical cond~ictor 128 is measured indirectl~ ~y detector 132 by capturing scattered radiant power from optical conductor 128 or from the incident beam.
The signa1 from the power detector block 38 is suitably conditioned in signal conditioning unit 40 and then sent to analog-to-digital converter 42, where it is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal. From there, the now-digitized signal is sent to microprocessor and memory circuit 44.
Memory in circuit 44 is suitably programmed for the microprocessor to make real-time calculations of energy being supplied to optical conductor 128 based on the signal from power detector box 38. The real-time calculations are -made for each predetermined interval of time during which energy is being supplied to fiber opt~ic~cable~ assembly 114. In operation, at the beginning~of~each interval, th'e~
microprocessor interr~ogates non-vol~atile~memory 130 and stores in its own da~ta memory the~cumulat~ive~energy value previously stored `in non~-volat11~e~memory ~130 during~the previous exposure int~erval.~ f cour~se, if optical~
conduct~or l28 has not pre~viously~been ~exposed to any~
energy, the cumulative energy value~will~be zero.) The~
microproc~essor then performs the~real-time~calculations~of~ ~ ;
;~ energy being supplied to fiber optic~cablè assembly 114 based on the signal~s'~from~the power~dete~otor~employed.~ The~
energy is then calculated for a~given~in~terval~by~ the~
microprocessor according to the relation~
energy~= (power x~tlme) and the calculated~ enérgy value~ is~th~en added to~th;e~
cumulative energy value previousl~y ~r~e~t~rieved from non~
volatile memory 130, and an updated cumulative energy value is determined. This;updated cumulatlve energy value, which is a part of the 'cumulative usage to which op~tical 6120-5 C~
:' : ~ ~ :: ~ ' ~:
: ~ :
.
: . . . : :: :
. : :.
, i2~313~8 conductor 128 has been exposed during the given exposure interval and all preceding exposure intervals, is read out of the microprocessor and stored in non-volatile memory 130 at the end o~ the pre-determined exposure interval, and the previous cumulative energy value stored in non-volatile memory 130 is erased.
In addition to storinc~ the cumulative energy exposure of fiber optic cable assembly 114, a maximum cumulative enerc1y exposure value can also be stored in non-volatile memory 130. This permits the microprocessor to constantly compare the current cumulative energy exposure of fiber optic cable asseTnbly 114 with the maximum cumulative energy exposure value and to provide quantitative or qualitative ~ -warning or control signals in response to the comparison.
For example, memory in circuit 44 can be~proqrammed for the microprocessor to ~take appropriate action~when~-the maximum cumulative energy value is~ reach~ed~ to ~terminate ~the~
incoming ener~y to ~iber optic cable~assembly~ 114, such ~as~
closinc1 shutter 22 via~shutte;r control 46 ~or controll~in laser output by a 1aser powèr control~ 48, such as ~for~
example interrupting laser~suDp1y ~current 26 to ~termina~te the raaiation of power by~laser l2.
Non-volatile~rnemory 130 may~also be~;p~reloaded with~
other pertinent data~, such~as a unique fiber serial numbér, initial transmissivi~ty;va~lue of t~h~e~ fi~ber~,~ date~of manu~acture, condltions~ oe~rnanu~a~ctu~re~ and lot numbers~o~
raw materials used~to~ manu~acture~ the~f~iber. The va~lue~of~
such additional data, arl(l how it can be retrieved and~
:
processed, will be reac~ily apparent to those sk~illed in the art.
~ ' O~ course, the ways in which memory in circuit 44 can be pronramme(1 to !~er[orln the operatio~ns descrihed a~bove, and the necexsary command and control inter~aces, are ;~
;
6120-5 C~
. .
- : . . .. : :
. , . . :: -: , , ~ .
128137~3 within the level of skill in the art and need not be described in detail here.
In a broader aspect of the invention, non-volatile memory 130 and the micrQprOCeSSOr may also be arranged to determine the total cumulative usage of an optical fiber based on parameters other than or in addition to energy exposure. For example, it may be desirable in certain cases to limit the number of times a ~iber optic cable assembly is used or to limit the number of hours it is used, even if the fiber has not yet reached a maximum allowable energy exposure after a predetemined number of uses or hours of use. In that case, detector 132 may be used to generate a signal, as described above, but which is processed in the microprocessor to generate not an energy value but a value representative oÇ a use of fiber optic cable assembly 11~ rather than energy exposure of fiber ~
optic cable assembly 114. This signal can be referred to as an event signal. The amount or duration of energy~
exposure sufficient to be counted as an event can be easlly preprogrammed into memory. ~or example,~an event may~ be~
the connection of fiber optic cable assembly to housing 16, or may ~e the connection plus a minimum~energy exposure,~or connection plus a ~minimum level of power~ exposure, or a combination oE the three. Discon~ection~of~electro-optical connector 118, turning oEf the system or zero energy input for a preselected time~, can constitute the~end of an event.
The event signal is transformed into an event value~by ~thc~
microprocessor and then accumulated ~as a cumulative evcnt~ ~
value. ~ ~ ;
As with the previously described embodiment, at the be~inning of each ev~nt, the microprocessor interrogates non-volatile memory i30 and stores ~n its own data memory the cumulative event value previously stored in non-~u volcltile memory l30 auring the previous use. (Of course, 6 1 2 0- 5 C l`J
:
: : : :
-,,-, .': ' '' :' .- :
-' : ' . ~
' ' ' . ': ' ' : , . .
. ~ ' ' . . ' ., ' : ' , . . .
~X8137~3 g if fiber optic cable asscmbly has not previo-lsly been used, the cumulative event value will be zero.) The event value is ~hen added to the cumulative event value previously retrieved from non-volatile memory l30, and an updated cumuI3.ive event value is determined. This updated c--mulative event value, which is part oE the total cumulative usage of optical conductor 128, is read out of memory in circuit 44 and stored in non-volatile memory 130 at the end of the determined event, and the previous cumulative event value stored in non-volatile memory 130 is erased.
In addition to storing the cumulative event value of fiber optic cable assembly 114, a maximum cumulative event value can also be stored in non-volatile memory 130. This~
permits memory in eircuit 44 to be suitably programmed for microprocessor to eonstantly compare the cumulative event~
value oE fiber optic cable assembly 114 with the maximum~
cumulative event value and to provlde ~uantitative~ or~
qualitative warning or control signals in response to the~ ;
comparison. For eYample, memory~ in ~circuit 44 can~ be~
programmed Eor the microprocessor to take~appropriate~
action when the maximum cumulative event value is reached~
to terminate the incoming power to cable assembly 114, sùeh~
as closing shutter 22 Yia shutter control 46, ~or~
controlling laser output by, for example, interruptlng~
laser supply current 26 to terminate the radiation of power~
by laser l2. -It should be understood that the mcmoly in circuit 44 can also be programmed so that incoming power to optical conductor 128 may be terminated, selectably, in response to cumul3tive energy e~posure only, cumulative event value only, or a cvmbination oE the two, such a~s whichever ~f the maximum curnuIative ener~y vaIue or maximurn cumulative event value is reached Eirst. In such case, the microprocessor 6120-5 ~
:
, --`' ~ ~ - ~ ' -, ' ' ::
~281378 may generate a usage value which is a function oE both the energy value and the event value already described. Thus, if the operator chooses to control usage based on energy exposure only, the event value can be set to zero, whereas if he chooses to control usage based on events only, the energy value can be set to zero. If he chooses to control usage based on the earlier reached of maximum energy exposure or maximum number of events, the invention can be so programmed.
In all of the embodiments described, non-volatiIe memory may also be pre-Ioaded with a value representative of maximum power rating of its associated optical conductor 128. In such a case, memory in circuit 44 can be programmed for microprocessor to constantly compare the power being supplied to fiber optic cable assembly 114 with~
the maximum rated power~in real time and to terminate the incoming power if the maximum rated power~ls exceeded.
As has already been noted, the embodiment described above is an "integrated" embodiment ;~ln that all of the components of the~optical systems according to the invention are contained in a single~ housing, with the exception of fiber optic cable assembl~y 114.~ However, the present invention is equally adapted to be utilized`with a~
conventional laser as an "add on" or retrofit system. A
preferred embodiment of such a latter system is shown~ In~
Figures 3 and 4. Referring now to Figu~re 3, there is shown~
an "add on" optica1~system 100 in~accordance with~he~
pre~ent invention. Optical system,l00 is adapted to be connected between a~source of radiant power such as laser 112 and a fiber optic cable assembly 1l4. As with thc first embodiment, las~er~ 112 may~be any type of laser. The optical components of system 100 are contained within a housin~ 116, and the electronic components (the signal conditioning unit, ana1Og-to-digital converter, 6120-5 C~
:
:
- , . : , ~ " , ' ' -, ' ~ ' . ' :' -.: -. , . - ~ . .: . .
- .' , ,, ' ', ,: ,., ~ ~ ' :' ,' ' . :
3L2~313'78 microprocessor and shutter control electronics) are contained in a control unit 150. Control unit 150 is connected to housing 116 by an electrical cable assembly 152, which carries electrical signals between housing 116 and control unit 150. AIternatively, all or part of the electronic components may instead be contained in housing ; 116. The electronic components contained in control unit 150 are essentially the same as the electronic components described in connection with the first embodiment, and accordingly are not described Eurther in connection with the second embodiment. That is, all of the electronics described above, and their operation and function, are the same.
-~Housing 116 is provided with an;electro-optical connector 118a, by means of~which ~iber; optic cable assembly 114 is connected to housing 116. As seen in ~ 0 ~igure 3, the male mating half ;118a~of~the~e~lectro-optlcal -~connector is mounted on~housing 116 while~fiber~optic cabl~
assembly 114 carries~the ~female~ mat~ing~half~ll8b ~of~the~
connector. However~ as with~t~he f~l~rst embodiment~ the~
~`opposite arrangement of mating~halves can;obviously be~
utilized, as can any other con~nector~`conflguratlon.
Laser 1~12 is connected to the input`l54 of hous~in~
ll6 by an~ optical conductor~lS~6,~wh~lch~ may be any sultable~
optic,~l conductor, su~ch; as ~an a~r~ti`cu~lated arm.~ ~his~
permits optical syst~em ~100 o~ ~the~ pr~es~nt-in`vention~to be~
used with~any~las~r.
e~erring now to~Figure ~4, there is show~n i~n sectional ~view the~ ~interior detalls of houslng 1l6,~
strating the optical components and their placement and operation. Radiation Erom las~er ~ll2, indlcated by the~dua~
arrows, enters housincg 116 throu(h lnpu~t lS4 and~strikes heam splitter 120. A major portio;n of thc light ~i~s~
r~Elected to the r~ight, as seGn ~in ~igure 4, ~and i~9 :
6120-5 C~
, -~ ' ~ ' , "' ~ .
128~378 indicated by a sin~le arrow pointing toward the ric~ht. The remainder of the radiation passes through beam splitter l20, as indicated by the single arrow pointing downwardly in ~igure 4. The portion of the light which passes through beam splitter 120 strikes detector 134 to measure the power in the beam from laser 112. Thus, as with the first embodiment, beam splitter 120 and power detector 134 form a means for sampling the power output from laser 112, and, therefore, the power being input into fiber optic cable assembly 114.
The portion of the radiation from 112 reflected by the beam splitter 120 passes through tube shutter 122. The shutter 122 is arranged to rotate by means of rotary solenoid 162 located below tube shutter 122.
Also, on the optical axis of ~housing 116 is a focusing lens 124 which focuses the energy to a beam of diameter small enough to enter the optical conductor I28 of;~
fiber optic cable assembly 114 held~1n~positlon by electro-optic connector 118.
Necessary electrical connections are made between thevarious electronic~components via electronic components~via electronics module 164.
Although omltted~for clarlty from FIgures 3 and 4, it~
is understood that~electro~-optic~connector 118a~makes electrical contact w~ith non-volat~ile memory~ 130 and~
detector 132 in fiber optic cable~asse~mbly 114. Non-~volatile memory 130 an~ cletecto~r 1~32~are~the same as, and~
::
pcrform the same function as, non-volatile~memory l30 and~
cletector 132 described in connection with the firs;t~
embodiment. Internal wiring (also not shown) in housin~
116 connect non-volat;le memory 130 and detector 132 to control unit via clectrical ca~ble assembly 152. Likew~isc, cable 152 also carries control signals to rotary~ solenoid~
162.
6120-5 C~ ~: ;
::: , : : : :
.
,' . , ~ ' - . ~. :
' ~';, ,, ' . ,' . ,. ~
~r v 1~8137~3 In operation, an electronic si~nal is generated by the beam splitter 120/power detector 134 combination which is representative of the instantaneous value of the radiant power. Alternatively, as with the ~irst embodiment, radiant power may be measured with photodetector 132 located adjacent to optical conductor 12B and within or just outside the protective sheath of ~iber optic cable assembly 114 for detectin~ a signal from the scattered power traveling down the optical conductor 128, The detected power signal is then suitably conditioned in a signal conditioning unit (such as signal conditioning unit 40 of Figure 2) and then sent to an analog-to-digital converter where it is converted from an analog signal to a digital signal. From~there; the now-digitized signal is sent to~ a microprocessor and memory~
circuit, such as microprocessor and memory circuit 44 of Figure 2. As with t~he embodiment~of~the "integrated~
system, the memory is suitably~pr;o~r~ammed for the microprocessor to~make real-time~calcula~t~ions of energy being supplied to the optical~conductor l28 or event~value~
of optical conductor~ l28 or com~b~nat~1on of ~the;~two~
Microproces,or operation is as describe~in the connect1on with the first embodiment.
When the microprocessor ha~s determined~ ~tha~t t~he maxirnum cum~ulative usa~e;val~ue Eor ~iber optic -cabl~e assembly 114 has been~re~ched, it ;may ~enerate~ a cont~ro1 si~n~l to rotary sol-enoid l6?. Roca~ry solenoid 162 causes~
tube shuttcr 122 to rotate so that ~he ~tube shutter is now interpose~ in the path of the b~ m re~lected from be~am~
splitter 120. Ihus tube .shutter 122 ~ectively blocks the input o~ Eurt~er l)ower to fiber optic ca~le asselnb1y 1~14 and preverlt.s ~urther use o~ the fil~e~r optic cable assemb1y ~ ;
114. Natllrally, any other~sui~table shutter an~3 shutter control mechanislll can ~e ~Ise(~.
6l20-5 (~
,~
~X8~378 The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departin~ from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention.
.
:;
-- , ~':
`
:~ ~
:: : : .
:
~: ~
~ -:~ :
::
6120-5 ~
: :
:
~, .. . . : .
. .
~: ,, . , , ~ '' , .
.
: : , ~ . -. .
: :;. . ,:
Claims (28)
1. Apparatus for determining the usage of an optical conductor, comprising:
means for generating a signal representative of usage of the conductor, non-volatile memory means operatively associated with the conductor for storing a cumulative usage value representative of cumulative usage of the conductor, circuit means responsive to the signal and operatively associated with the memory means for generating from the signal a usage value and for generating from the usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor, and for replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory means with the updated cumulative usage value.
means for generating a signal representative of usage of the conductor, non-volatile memory means operatively associated with the conductor for storing a cumulative usage value representative of cumulative usage of the conductor, circuit means responsive to the signal and operatively associated with the memory means for generating from the signal a usage value and for generating from the usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor, and for replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory means with the updated cumulative usage value.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
comparison circuit means for comparing the updated cumulative usage value to predetermined value representative of maximum permitted usage, and control means operatively associated with the comparison circuit means for preventing further use of the conductor when the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
comparison circuit means for comparing the updated cumulative usage value to predetermined value representative of maximum permitted usage, and control means operatively associated with the comparison circuit means for preventing further use of the conductor when the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
3. Apparatus according to claims 1 or 2, wherein the means for generating the signal is responsive to energy supplied to the optical conductor.
4. Apparatus according to claims I or 2, wherein the means for generating the signal is responsive to connection of the conductor to a source of radiant power
5. Apparatus according to claims I or 2, wherein the means for generating the signal is responsive to a preselected one of connection of the conductor to a source of radiant power, connection plus a minimum energy exposure of the conductor, connection plus a minimum power exposure of the conductor, and combinations thereof.
6. Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the means for generating the signal is programmable.
7. Apparatus for measuring the total cumulative usage of an optical conductor between a state of zero usage and a state of maximum cumulative usage, comprising:
non-volatile memory means operatively associated with the conductor for storing a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the conductor prior to a given use, sensor means responsive to a parameter of use of the conductor for generating a signal representative thereof, circuit means responsive to the signal and operatively associated with the memory means for generating from the signal a current usage value and for generating from the current usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory means with the updated cumulative usage value.
non-volatile memory means operatively associated with the conductor for storing a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the conductor prior to a given use, sensor means responsive to a parameter of use of the conductor for generating a signal representative thereof, circuit means responsive to the signal and operatively associated with the memory means for generating from the signal a current usage value and for generating from the current usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory means with the updated cumulative usage value.
8. Apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising:
comparison circuit means for comparing the updated cumulative usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum cumulative usage, and control means operatively associated with the comparison circuit means for preventing further use of the conductor when the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
.
comparison circuit means for comparing the updated cumulative usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum cumulative usage, and control means operatively associated with the comparison circuit means for preventing further use of the conductor when the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
.
9. Apparatus for measuring the total cumulative usage of an optical conductor between a state of zero usage and a state of maximum cumulative usage, comprising:
a source of radiant power, sensor means responsive to a parameter of use of the conductor for generating a signal representative thereof, non-volatile memory means operatively associated with the conductor for storing a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the conductor prior to a given use, circuit means responsive to the signal and operatively associated with the memory means for generating from the signal a current usage value and for generating from the current usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory means with the updated cumulative usage value.
a source of radiant power, sensor means responsive to a parameter of use of the conductor for generating a signal representative thereof, non-volatile memory means operatively associated with the conductor for storing a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the conductor prior to a given use, circuit means responsive to the signal and operatively associated with the memory means for generating from the signal a current usage value and for generating from the current usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory means with the updated cumulative usage value.
10. Apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
comparison circuit means for comparing the updated cumulative usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum cumulative usage, and control means operatively associated with the comparison circuit means and the source of radiant power for terminating the input of said power to the conductor once the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
comparison circuit means for comparing the updated cumulative usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum cumulative usage, and control means operatively associated with the comparison circuit means and the source of radiant power for terminating the input of said power to the conductor once the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
11. Apparatus according to claims 9 or 10, wherein the source of radiant energy comprises a laser.
12. Apparatus according to claims 9 or 10, wherein the sensor means comprises means for generating signal representative of the radiant power input to the conductor.
13. Apparatus according to claims 9 or 10, wherein the sensor means comprises a detector operatively associated with the conductor.
14. Apparatus according to claims 9 or 10, wherein the control means comprises a shutter arranged to interrupt the radiant power being input to the conductor.
15. Apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the control means comprises means for terminating the electric current input to the laser.
16. Apparatus for selectably measuring and controlling the total cumulative usage of an optical conductor between a state of zero usage and a state of maximum cumulative usage, comprising:
a fiber optic cable assembly including an optical conductor and an electro-optic connector at one end thereof, a source of radiant power having an elector-optic connector for mating with the connector of the fiber optic cable assembly for coupling the radiant power to the optical conductor, non-volatile memory means disposed within the fiber optic cable assembly for storing a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the optical conductor prior to a given use, the memory means being in electrical communication with the fiber optic cable connector, sensor means responsive to a parameter of use of the optical conductor for generating a signal representative thereof, circuit means in electrical communication with the electro-optic connector and responsive to the signal and operatively associated with the memory means for generating from the signal a current usage value and generating from the current usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the optical conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory means with the updated cumulative usage value, the circuit means including comparison circuit means for comparing the updated cumulated usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum cumulative usage, and control means operatively associated with the comparison circuit means and the source of radiant power for terminating the input of said power to the optical conductor once the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
a fiber optic cable assembly including an optical conductor and an electro-optic connector at one end thereof, a source of radiant power having an elector-optic connector for mating with the connector of the fiber optic cable assembly for coupling the radiant power to the optical conductor, non-volatile memory means disposed within the fiber optic cable assembly for storing a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the optical conductor prior to a given use, the memory means being in electrical communication with the fiber optic cable connector, sensor means responsive to a parameter of use of the optical conductor for generating a signal representative thereof, circuit means in electrical communication with the electro-optic connector and responsive to the signal and operatively associated with the memory means for generating from the signal a current usage value and generating from the current usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the optical conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value in the memory means with the updated cumulative usage value, the circuit means including comparison circuit means for comparing the updated cumulated usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum cumulative usage, and control means operatively associated with the comparison circuit means and the source of radiant power for terminating the input of said power to the optical conductor once the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
17. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the sensor means comprises means for generating a signal representative of the radiant power input to the optical conductor.
18. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the source of radiant power comprises a laser and the sensor means comprises means for generation a signal representative of the laser power output.
19. Apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the control means comprises a shutter arranged to interrupt the laser output.
20. Apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the control means comprises means for disabling the laser.
21. Apparatus according to claims 2, 8, 10 or 16, further comprising:
the sensor means being responsive to the power input to the optical conductors and generating a power signal representative of the value of the power, the non-volatile memory means being preloaded with a value representative of the maximum power rating of its associated optical conductor, said comparison circuit means including means responsive to the sensor means for comparing the sensed power with the maximum power rating stored in the memory means, and said control means including means for preventing further use of the conductor whenever the sensed power exceeds the maximum power rating.
the sensor means being responsive to the power input to the optical conductors and generating a power signal representative of the value of the power, the non-volatile memory means being preloaded with a value representative of the maximum power rating of its associated optical conductor, said comparison circuit means including means responsive to the sensor means for comparing the sensed power with the maximum power rating stored in the memory means, and said control means including means for preventing further use of the conductor whenever the sensed power exceeds the maximum power rating.
22. Apparatus according to claims 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 16, further comprising:
said non-volatile memory being preloaded with data representative of at least one characteristic of the optical conductor.
said non-volatile memory being preloaded with data representative of at least one characteristic of the optical conductor.
23. Apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said characteristic comprises an initial transmissivity value of said optical conductor.
24. Apparatus according to claim 22, wherein said data is representative of conditions of manufacture of said optical conductor.
25. Apparatus for detecting input optical power supplied to an optical conductor, comprising an optical detector located adjacent an optical conductor for detecting scattered optical power from the conductor and generating a signal representative of the input optical power.
26. Method of determining the usage of an optical conductor, comprising the steps of:
generating a signal representative of usage of the conductor, storing with the conductor a cumulative usage value representative of cumulative usage of the conductor, generating from the signal a usage value, generating from the usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor, and replacing the cumulative usage value stored with the conductor with the updated cumulative usage value.
generating a signal representative of usage of the conductor, storing with the conductor a cumulative usage value representative of cumulative usage of the conductor, generating from the signal a usage value, generating from the usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor, and replacing the cumulative usage value stored with the conductor with the updated cumulative usage value.
27. Method according to claim 26, further comprising the steps of:
comparing the updated cumulative usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum permitted usage, and preventing further use of the conductor when the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
comparing the updated cumulative usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum permitted usage, and preventing further use of the conductor when the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
28. Method of measuring the total cumulative usage of an optical conductor between a state of zero usage and a state of maximum cumulative usage, comprising the steps of:
storing with the conductor a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the conductor prior to a given use, sensing a parameter of use of the conductor and generating a signal representative thereof, generating from the signal a current usage value, generating from the current usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value stored with the conductor with the updated cumulative usage value comparing the updated cumulated usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum cumulative usage, and preventing further use of the conductor once the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
storing with the conductor a cumulative usage value representative of the cumulative usage of the conductor prior to a given use, sensing a parameter of use of the conductor and generating a signal representative thereof, generating from the signal a current usage value, generating from the current usage value and the cumulative usage value an updated cumulative usage value representative of the total cumulative usage of the conductor and replacing the cumulative usage value stored with the conductor with the updated cumulative usage value comparing the updated cumulated usage value to a predetermined value representative of maximum cumulative usage, and preventing further use of the conductor once the updated cumulative usage value reaches the predetermined value.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/117,119 US4822997A (en) | 1987-11-04 | 1987-11-04 | Apparatus for and method of measuring and/or controlling the use of fiber optic conductors |
| US117,119 | 1987-11-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1281378C true CA1281378C (en) | 1991-03-12 |
Family
ID=22371071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000581811A Expired - Lifetime CA1281378C (en) | 1987-11-04 | 1988-11-01 | Apparatus for and method of measuring and/or controlling the useof fiber optic conductors |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4822997A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0315400B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0658290B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1281378C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3851301T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5159654A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1992-10-27 | Optex Biomedical, Inc. | Multi-channel optical fiber connector |
| US5400267A (en) * | 1992-12-08 | 1995-03-21 | Hemostatix Corporation | Local in-device memory feature for electrically powered medical equipment |
| US5896166A (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1999-04-20 | Envision Medical Corporation | Remote CCD video camera with non-volatile digital memory |
| AU3825395A (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 1996-04-26 | Becton Dickinson & Company | Iontophoretic drug delivery device having improved controller and patch |
| US6252823B1 (en) | 1994-12-16 | 2001-06-26 | Vu-Data Limited | Recorder device, reading device and regulating device |
| GB2336214A (en) * | 1998-01-16 | 1999-10-13 | David William Taylor | Preventionof multiple use of limited use devices |
| AU754594B2 (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2002-11-21 | Indigo Medical, Incorporated | Energy application system with ancillary information exchange capability, energy applicator, and methods associated therewith |
| US6392746B1 (en) * | 1999-08-26 | 2002-05-21 | Rifocs Corporation | Electronic fiberoptic power and wavelength measuring instrument |
| GB0425765D0 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2004-12-22 | Gyrus Medical Ltd | Tissue resurfacing |
| US7300436B2 (en) | 2000-02-22 | 2007-11-27 | Rhytec Limited | Tissue resurfacing |
| US6932517B2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2005-08-23 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Connector incorporating a contact pad surface on a plane parallel to a longitudinal axis |
| US20040030325A1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2004-02-12 | Nicholas Cahir | Removable attachments for laser emitting devices |
| GB0217273D0 (en) * | 2002-07-25 | 2002-09-04 | Diomed Ltd | Laser system |
| DE10245140B4 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2005-10-20 | Dornier Medtech Laser Gmbh | Intelligent therapy fiber |
| US20040122419A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-24 | Ceramoptec Industries, Inc. | Medical device recognition system with write-back feature |
| JP2004266424A (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2004-09-24 | Citizen Electronics Co Ltd | Microspeaker |
| US20050113890A1 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2005-05-26 | Ritchie Paul G. | Energy delivery device with self-heat calibration |
| US7118564B2 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2006-10-10 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Medical treatment system with energy delivery device for limiting reuse |
| US20050135772A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2005-06-23 | Nield Scott A. | Optical fiber for a laser device having an improved tip diffuser and method of making same |
| US7063695B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2006-06-20 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Optical fiber for a laser device having an improved diffuser slug and method of making same |
| US7113675B2 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2006-09-26 | Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc. | Optical fiber tip diffuser and method of making the same |
| US20050245909A1 (en) * | 2004-04-29 | 2005-11-03 | Mccary Brian D | Embedded data chip in a surgical handpiece |
| WO2006094168A1 (en) | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-08 | Masimo Laboratories, Inc. | Noninvasive multi-parameter patient monitor |
| DE102005017798A1 (en) * | 2005-04-18 | 2006-11-09 | Dornier Medtech Laser Gmbh | optical fiber |
| EP1803454A1 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-04 | Dornier MedTech Laser GmbH | Treatment of cancer by a combination of non-ionizing radiation and androgen deprivation |
| US8255026B1 (en) | 2006-10-12 | 2012-08-28 | Masimo Corporation, Inc. | Patient monitor capable of monitoring the quality of attached probes and accessories |
| EP1914576B1 (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2019-01-16 | Dornier MedTech Laser GmbH | Laser applicator with an optical lightguide, the optical lightguide comprising a photorefractive section having a volume hologram. |
| US8374665B2 (en) | 2007-04-21 | 2013-02-12 | Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. | Tissue profile wellness monitor |
| US20090259220A1 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-15 | Angiodynamics, Inc. | Treatment Devices and Methods |
| WO2009130049A1 (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-10-29 | Curalux Gbr | Light-based method for the endovascular treatment of pathologically altered blood vessels |
| US9839381B1 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2017-12-12 | Cercacor Laboratories, Inc. | Physiological measurement system with automatic wavelength adjustment |
| US8801613B2 (en) | 2009-12-04 | 2014-08-12 | Masimo Corporation | Calibration for multi-stage physiological monitors |
| US9138180B1 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2015-09-22 | Masimo Corporation | Sensor adapter cable |
| AU2012304605B2 (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2016-09-15 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Split surgical laser fiber |
| WO2017132549A1 (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-08-03 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Optical power detector and reader |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3642007A (en) * | 1969-08-12 | 1972-02-15 | Thomas G Roberts | Continuous wave laser surgical device |
| US4012955A (en) * | 1976-01-19 | 1977-03-22 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Apparatus for measuring the incident power of light in fiber optics |
| US4081258A (en) * | 1976-05-12 | 1978-03-28 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Method for using on line optic fiber loss monitor |
| CH621678GA3 (en) * | 1977-06-02 | 1981-02-27 | Time meter with an electrically driven timer | |
| JPS547304A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1979-01-20 | Hitachi Ltd | Record player |
| US4268818A (en) * | 1978-03-20 | 1981-05-19 | Murray W. Davis | Real-time parameter sensor-transmitter |
| JPS58215390A (en) * | 1982-06-09 | 1983-12-14 | Fujitsu Ltd | Automatic detection of life of ink ribbon |
| JPS5975469A (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-04-28 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method for managing frequency of use of flexible disc |
| DE3441644A1 (en) * | 1984-11-14 | 1986-05-15 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Method and arrangement for monitoring analog and digital telecommunications transmission devices |
| DE3505818A1 (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-08-21 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | MONITORING AND CONTROL DEVICE FOR SWITCHGEAR |
| US4657013A (en) * | 1985-03-25 | 1987-04-14 | Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung | Illuminance dosage device for an operation microscope |
| DE3532705C1 (en) * | 1985-09-13 | 1987-04-23 | Ant Nachrichtentech | Optical measuring method for fiber optic lines |
-
1987
- 1987-11-04 US US07/117,119 patent/US4822997A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-11-01 DE DE3851301T patent/DE3851301T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-01 EP EP88310242A patent/EP0315400B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-01 JP JP63274629A patent/JPH0658290B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-11-01 CA CA000581811A patent/CA1281378C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0315400A2 (en) | 1989-05-10 |
| DE3851301D1 (en) | 1994-10-06 |
| JPH0658290B2 (en) | 1994-08-03 |
| US4822997A (en) | 1989-04-18 |
| EP0315400A3 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
| EP0315400B1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
| JPH01165927A (en) | 1989-06-29 |
| DE3851301T2 (en) | 1995-03-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA1281378C (en) | Apparatus for and method of measuring and/or controlling the useof fiber optic conductors | |
| US4580557A (en) | Surgical laser system with multiple output devices | |
| US5085492A (en) | Optical fiber with electrical encoding | |
| CA1311284C (en) | Fiber optic break detector | |
| US6548807B2 (en) | Radiation receiver with active optical protection system | |
| US20100152538A1 (en) | Device for preventing endoscope damage by errant laser fire in a surgical laser | |
| KR20080017393A (en) | System and method for laser calibration | |
| JPH10503286A (en) | Optical power meter using low current measurement circuit | |
| US10495490B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for improved optical fiber transmission | |
| JPS61141351A (en) | Detachable connection mechanism between optical fiber and laser radiation apparatus | |
| US4663520A (en) | Fail-safe laser apparatus including main and safety shutters for laser | |
| US5004338A (en) | Method and apparatus for attenuation and measurement of laser power at the end of a laser guide | |
| FR2718342A1 (en) | Operation microscope assembly, in microsurgery, particularly in ophthalmology, neurosurgery or the like. | |
| EP0479118A2 (en) | Device for the frequency stabilisation of a laser diode | |
| Ishiwatari et al. | An optical cable for a CO 2 laser scalpel | |
| US6734411B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for controlling power levels of optical signals in optical fiber interconnects | |
| US5500731A (en) | Optical time domain reflectometer using ring laser light source | |
| EP0118483B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for the observation of luminous phenomena | |
| JPH0157765B2 (en) | ||
| CN214893127U (en) | Vector bending measuring instrument based on 45-degree inclined grating | |
| RU2742215C1 (en) | Anti-interference fibre-optic information transmission system with a reflectometric system of attenuation diagnostics | |
| AU600276B2 (en) | Fiber tip monitoring and protection assembly | |
| JP3368103B2 (en) | Bidirectional optical space transmission equipment | |
| CA1269718A (en) | Laser catheter with energy feedback system | |
| EP3343258A1 (en) | Apparatus and method for detecting leakage in optical fibers |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |